UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION



WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549



FORM 10-Q

(Mark One)

☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



For the quarterly period ended June 30 , 2017



or



☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934



For the transition period from _________to__________



Commission file number:  001-11001



FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)




Delaware		06-0619596
(State or other jurisdiction of		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
incorporation or organization)

401 Merritt 7
Norwalk, Connecticut		06851
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip Code)


(203) 614-5600

(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)



N/A

(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

Yes  X       No ___



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files).

Yes  X       No ___



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated f iler, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company , or an emerging growth company .  See definition of “accelerated filer, ” “large accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company” , and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):



Large accelerated filer ☒               Accelerated filer ☐                Non-accelerated filer ☐  

Smaller reporting company  ☐              Emerging growth company  ☐



If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the

Exchange Act ☐



Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).

Yes           No X   



The number of shares outstanding of the registrant’s Common Stock as of July 31, 2017 was 78,517,000 .

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FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES



Index



 

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PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION



Item 1. Financial Statements



FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

($ in millions and shares in thousands, except for per-share amounts)





		(Unaudited)
		June 30, 2017			December 31, 2016
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents		$	387		$	522
Accounts receivable, less allowances of $73 and $131 , respectively			789			938
Prepaid expenses			109			88
Income taxes and other current assets			140			108
Total current assets			1,425			1,656

Property, plant and equipment, net			14,482			14,902
Goodwill			9,102			9,674
Other intangibles, net			2,386			2,662
Other assets			116			119
Total assets		$	27,511		$	29,013

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Long-term debt due within one year		$	166		$	363
Accounts payable			523			698
Advanced billings			286			301
Accrued content costs			99			164
Accrued other taxes			144			134
Accrued interest			407			437
Pension and other postretirement benefits			23			23
Other current liabilities			331			324
Total current liabilities			1,979			2,444

Deferred income taxes			2,299			2,516
Pension and other postretirement benefits			1,613			1,602
Other liabilities			374			372
Long-term debt			17,680			17,560

Equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value ( 50,000 authorized shares,
11.125% , Series A, 19,250 shares issued and outstanding )			-			-
Common stock, $0.25 par value ( 175,000 authorized shares,
79,532 issued and 78,517 and 78,170 outstanding,
at June 30, 2017 and December 31, 2016, respectively)			20			20
Additional paid-in capital			5,218			5,561
Accumulated deficit			(1,196)			(460)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax			(329)			(387)
Treasury common stock			(147)			(215)
Total equity			3,566			4,519
Total liabilities and equity		$	27,511		$	29,013




The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements .



2

 

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PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued)



FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30 , 2017 AND 2016

($ in millions and shares in thousands, except for per-share amounts)

(Unaudited)





		For the three months ended						For the six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,

		2017			2016			2017			2016

Revenue		$	2,304		$	2,608		$	4,660		$	3,963

Operating expenses:
Network access expenses			408			453			819			613
Network related expenses			477			546			971			872
Selling, general and administrative expenses			531			596			1,075			953
Depreciation and amortization			552			575			1,131			891
Goodwill impairment			670			-			670			-
Acquisition and integration costs			12			127			14			265
Pension settlement costs			19			-			62			-
Restructuring costs and other charges			29			-			41			-
Total operating expenses			2,698			2,297			4,783			3,594

Operating income (loss)			(394)			311			(123)			369

Investment and other income, net			-			-			3			11
Loss on extinguishment of debt and debt exchanges			90			-			90			-
Interest expense			388			386			776			759

Loss before income taxes			(872)			(75)			(986)			(379)
Income tax benefit			(210)			(48)			(249)			(166)

Net loss			(662)			(27)			(737)			(213)
Less: Dividends on preferred stock			53			53			107			107
Net loss attributable to
Frontier common shareholders		$	(715)		$	(80)		$	(844)		$	(320)

Basic net loss per share
attributable to Frontier common shareholders		$	(9.20)		$	(1.05)		$	(10.88)		$	(4.14)

Diluted net loss per share
attributable to Frontier common shareholders		$	(9.21)		$	(1.05)		$	(10.89)		$	(4.14)

Total weighted average  shares outstanding - basic			77,795			77,625			77,679			77,611

Total weighted average shares outstanding - diluted			77,951			77,625			77,835			77,611








The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements .

3

 

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PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued)



CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS

FOR THE THREE AND SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30 , 2017 AND 2016

($ in millions)

(Unaudited)







		For the three months ended						For the six months ended
		June 30,						June 30,

		2017			2016			2017			2016

Net loss		$	(662)		$	(27)		$	(737)		$	(213)

Pension settlement costs, net of tax			11			-			36			-
Other comprehensive income, net of tax			(14)			5			22			11
Net current -period other comprehensive income (loss)			(3)			5			58			11

						-
Comprehensive loss		$	(665)		$	(22)		$	(679)		$	(202)









The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements .



4

 

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PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued)



FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30 , 2017

($ in millions and shares in thousands)

(Unaudited)







		For the six months ended June 30, 2017
																		Accumulated
												Additional						Other			Treasury
		Preferred Stock					Common Stock					Paid-In			Accumulated			Comprehensive			Common Stock					Total
		Shares		Amount			Shares		Amount			Capital			Deficit			Loss			Shares		Amount			Equity

Balance January 1, 2017 (See Note 1)		19,250		$	-		79,532		$	20		$	5,561		$	(460)		$	(387)		(1,362)		$	(215)		$	4,519
Cumulative-effect adjustment from adoption of ASU 2016-09		-			-		-			-			-			1			-		-			-			1
Stock plans		-			-		-			-			(64)			-			-		347			68			4
Dividends on common stock		-			-		-			-			(172)			-			-		-			-			(172)
Dividends on preferred stock		-			-		-			-			(107)			-			-		-			-			(107)
Net loss		-			-		-			-			-			(737)			-		-			-			(737)
Pension settlement costs, net of tax		-			-		-			-			-			-			36		-			-			36
Other comprehensive income, net of tax		-			-		-			-			-			-			22		-			-			22
Balance June 30, 2017		19,250		$	-		79,532		$	20		$	5,218		$	(1,196)		$	(329)		(1,015)		$	(147)		$	3,566








The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

5

 

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PART I.  FINANCIAL INFORMATION (Continued)



FRONTIER COMMUNICATIONS CORPORATION AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

FOR THE SIX MONTHS ENDED JUNE 30 , 2017 AND 2016

($ in millions)

(Unaudited)







		2017			2016

Cash flows provided from (used by) operating activities:
Net loss		$	(737)		$	(213)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided from (used by)
operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization			1,131			891
Loss on extinguishment of debt and debt exchanges			90			-
Pension settlement costs			62			-
Pension/OPEB costs			34			35
Stock based compensation expense			6			15
Amortization of deferred financing costs			17			28
Other adjustments			(4)			2
Deferred income taxes			(254)			(171)
Goodwill impairment			670			-
Change in accounts receivable			151			(141)
Change in accounts payable and other liabilities			(287)			180
Change in prepaid expenses, income taxes and other current assets			(50)			15
Net cash provided from operating activities			829			641

Cash flows provided from (used by) investing activities:
Capital expenditures - Business operations			(578)			(557)
Capital expenditures - Integration activities			(5)			(88)
Cash paid for the Verizon Acquisition			-			(9,886)
Proceeds on sale of assets			94			-
Other			5			6
Net cash used by investing activities			(484)			(10,525)

Cash flows provided from (used by) financing activities:
Proceeds from long-term debt borrowings			1,500			1,625
Long - term debt payments			(1,576)			(69)
Financing costs paid			(15)			(7)
Premium paid to retire debt			(80)			-
Dividends paid on common stock			(172)			(246)
Dividends paid on preferred stock			(107)			(107)
Capital lease obligation payments			(25)			-
Taxes paid on behalf of employees for shares withheld			(5)			(10)
Other			-			1
Net cash provided from (used by) financing activities			(480)			1,187

Decrease in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash			(135)			(8,697)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at January 1,			522			9,380

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at June 30,		$	387		$	683

Supplemental cash flow information:
Cash paid (received) during the period for:
Interest		$	797		$	711
Income tax refunds, net		$	(3)		$	(32)

The accompanying Notes are an integral part of these Consolidated Financial Statements.

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(1)   Summary of Significant Accounting Policies :

(a)  Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates :

Frontier Communications Corporation and its subsidiaries are referred to as “we,” “us,” “our,” “Frontier,” or the “Company” in this report. Our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (GAAP) and should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016. Certain reclassifications of amounts previously reported have been made to conform to the current presentation, as described in Note 2 – Recent Accounting Literature. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements include all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring accruals) considered necessary, in the opinion of Frontier’s management, to present fairly the results for the interim periods shown. Revenues, net loss and cash flows for any interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for the full year. For our interim financial statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2017, we evaluated subsequent events and transactions for potential recognition or disclosure through the date that we filed this Form 10-Q with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). 



Effective April 1, 2016, Frontier’s scope of operations and balance sheet changed materially as a result of the completion of the CTF Acquisition, as described in Note 3 – Acquisitions. Historical financial data presented for Frontier is not indicative of the future financial position or operating results for Frontier, and includes the results of the CTF Operations , as defined in Note 3 – Acquisitions, from the date of acquisition on April 1, 2016.



The preparation of our interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect (i) the reported amounts of assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, (ii) the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities, and (iii) the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results may differ from those estimates. Estimates and judgments are used when accounting for the allowance for doubtful accounts, asset impairments, indefinite-lived intangibles, depreciation and amortization, income taxes, business combinations, and pension and other postretirement benefits, among others.



We operate in one reportable segment. Frontier provides both regulated and unregulated voice, data and video services to consumer, commercial and wholesale customers and is typically the incumbent voice services provider in its service areas.



On July 10, 2017, we effected a one for fifteen reverse stock split of our common stock.  The reverse stock split reduced the number of common shares issued (which includes outstanding shares and treasury shares) from approximately 1,193,000,000 shares to 80,000,000 shares, and reduced shares outstanding from 1,178,000,000 shares to 79,000,000 shares. In addition, and at the same time, the total number of shares of common stock that Frontier is authorized to issue changed from 1,750,000,000 shares to 175,000,000 shares. There was no change in the par value of the common stock, and no fractional shares were issued. All share and per share amounts in the financial statements and footnotes have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to the reverse stock split. As a result of our reverse stock split the conversion rate s of our Series A Preferred Stock were proportionately adjusted .



(b)  Revenue Recognition :

Revenue is recognized when services are provided or when products are delivered to customers. Revenue that is billed in advance includes monthly recurring network access services (including data services), special access services and monthly recurring voice, video and related charges. The unearned portion of these fees is initially deferred as a component of “Advanced billings” on our consolidated balance sheet and recognized as revenue over the period that the services are provided. Revenue that is billed in arrears includes non-recurring network access services (including data services), switched access services and non-recurring voice and video services. The earned but unbilled portion of these fees is recognized as revenue in our consolidated statements of operations and accrued in “Accounts receivable” on our consolidated balance sheet in the period that the services are provided. Excise taxes are recognized as a

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liability when billed. Installation fees and their related direct and incremental costs are initially deferred and recognized as revenue and expense over the average term of a customer relationship. We recognize as current period expense the portion of installation costs that exceeds installation fee revenue.



Frontier collects various taxes from its customers and subsequently remits these taxes to governmental authorities. Substantially all of these taxes are recorded through the consolidated balance sheet and presented on a net basis in our consolidated statements of operations. We also collect Universal Service Fund (USF) surcharges from customers (primarily federal USF) that we have recorded on a gross basis in our consolidated statements of operations and included within “Revenue” and “Network related expenses” of $55 million and $62 million, and $108 million and $101 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, respectively.



In 2015, we accepted the FCC’s Connect America Fund (CAF) Phase II offer of support, which is a successor to and augments the USF frozen high cost support that we had been receiving pursuant to a 2011 FCC order.  Upon completion of the CTF Acquisition, Frontier assumed the CAF Phase II support and related obligations that Verizon had previously accepted with regard to California and Texas.  CAF Phase II funding is a program intended to subsidize the high cost of establishing and delivering communications services to certain unserved or underserved areas.  We are recognizing these subsidies into revenue on a straight line basis, which is consistent with how the costs related to these subsidies are being and are expected to be incurred. CAF Phase II is a multi-year program which requires us to deploy broadband to a specified number of households in each of the states where funding was accepted. Failure to meet our deployment obligations at the end of the program in 2020 will result in a return of a portion of the funding received. We regularly evaluate our ability to meet our broadband deployment obligations and adjust revenue accordingly.



We categorize our products, services and other revenues among the following five categories:











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The following table provides a summary of revenues from external customers by the categories of Frontier’s products and services:





(c )   Goodwill and Other Intangibles :

Goodwill represents the excess of purchase price over the fair value of identifiable tangible and intangible net assets acquired in a business combination. We have undertaken studies to determine the fair values of assets and liabilities acquired as well as to allocate the purchase price to assets and liabilities, including property, plant and equipment, goodwill and other identifiable intangibles. We examine the carrying value of our goodwill and trade name annually as of December 31, or more frequently as circumstances warrant, to determine whether there are any impairment losses. We test for goodwill impairment at the “operating segment” level, as that term is defined in GAAP.



We determined that we have one operating segment based on a number of factors that our management uses to evaluate and run our business operations, including similarities of customers, products and technology. We tested goodwill for impairment as of June 30, 2017 as a result of the significant decline in share price of our common stock since March 31, 2017. Refer to Note 6 for a discussion of our goodwill impairment testing and results as of June 30, 2017. As stated in Note 2, we early adopted ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment” during the second quarter of 2017 in conjunction with our goodwill impairment assessment.



Frontier amortizes finite-lived intangible assets over their estimated useful lives on the accelerated method of sum of the years digits. We review such intangible assets at least annually as of December 31 to assess whether any potential impairment exists and whether factors exist that would necessitate a change in useful life and a different amortization period.



 





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(2)   Recent Accounting Literature :



Recent Accounting Pronouncements Not Yet Adopted



Revenue Recognition

In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers.” This standard, along with its related amendments, requires companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Frontier expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods o r services. This new standard will be adopted by Frontier for annual and interim reporting periods beginning with the first quarter of 2018.  



The FASB allows two adoption methods under ASC 606. Companies are permitted to either apply the requirements retrospectively to all prior periods presented, or apply the requirements in the year of adoption, through a cumulative adjustment. We currently plan to adopt the standard in the first quarter of 2018, using the “modified retrospective method.” Under that method, we will apply the rules to all contracts existing as of January 1, 2018, recognizing in beginning retained earnings, a cumulative-effect adjustment to include the establishment of contract asset and contract liability accounts with a corresponding adjustment to retained earnings and providing additional disclosures comparing revenue recognized under ASC 606 to revenue reported under the previous accounting standards.



Upon initial evaluation, we believe the key changes in the standard that impact our revenue recognition relate to the allocation of contract revenues among various services and equipment, and the timing of when those revenues are recognized. Additionally, the new standard will impact the timing of recognizing costs to obtain contracts. This includes a change in our existing policy related to the way we account for customer incentives, upfront non-recurring charges, commission payments, customer disputes and the allocation of discounts.



We have established a cross-functional team to implement the standard and are in the process of identifying and implementing changes to our systems, processes, policies and internal controls to meet the standard’s reporting and disclosure requirements.



Leases

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016 – 02, “Leases (Topic 842).” This standard establishes the principles to report transparent and economically neutral information about the assets and liabilities that arise from leases. Upon implementation, l essees will need to recognize almost all leases on their balance sheet as a right-of-use asset and a lease liability. It will be critical to identify leases embedded in a contract to avoid misstating the lessee’s balance sheet. For income statement purposes, the FASB retained a dual model, requiring leases to be classified as either operating or finance. Classification will be based on criteria that are largely similar to those applied in current lease accounting, but without explicit bright lines. Lessor accounting is similar to the current model, but updated to align with certain changes to the lessee model and the new revenue recognition standard. Existing sale-leaseback guidance, including guidance for real estate, is replaced with a new model applicable to both lessees and lessors. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early application is permitted .   Frontier is in the initial stages of evaluating the potential impact this new standard may have on the consolidated financial statements.

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Compensation – Retirement Benefits

In March 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-07, “Improving the Presentation of Net Periodic Pension Cost and Net Periodic Postretirement Benefit Cost”. This standard was established to improve the presentation of net periodic pension cost and net periodic postretirement benefit cost by requiring that an employer disaggregate the service cost component of periodic benefit cost from the other components of net benefit cost. The amendments in the update also provide explicit guidance on how to present the service cost component and other components of net benefit cost in the income statement and allow only the service cost components of net benefit cost to be eligible for capitalization. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods. Frontier is currently evaluating the impact of adopting the new standard and has not yet determined the impact of adoption on its consolidated financial statements.



Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements



Share-Based Payments - Scope of Modification Accounting

In May 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-09, Scope of Modification Accounting which amends the scope of modification accounting for share-based payment arrangements. This standard provides guidance on the types of changes to the terms or conditions of share-based payment awards to which an entity would be required to apply modification accounting under ASC 718.  Specifically, an entity would not apply modification accounting if the fair value, vesting conditions, and classification of the awards are the same immediately before and after the modification. The new guidance is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2017, including interim periods within those annual periods and early adoption is permitted including in any interim period.  Frontier has adopted this standard during the second quarter 2017, with no impact to our share-based payment awards .



Intangibles – Goodwill

In January 2017, the FASB issued ASU No. 2017-04, “Simplifying the Test for Goodwill Impairment . ” This standard was established to simplify how an entity is required to test goodwill for impairment by eliminating Step 2   from the goodwill impairment test. Step 2 measures a goodwill impairment loss by comparing the implied fair value of a reporting unit’s goodwill with the carrying amount of that goodwill. Under the amendments in this Update, an entity should perform its annual, or interim, goodwill impairment test by comparing the fair value of a reporting unit with its carrying amount. An entity should recognize an impairment charge for the amount by which the carrying amount exceeds the reporting unit’s fair value; however, the loss recognized should not exceed the total amount of goodwill allocated to that reporting unit. Additionally, an entity should consider income tax effects from any tax deductible goodwill on the carrying amount of the reporting unit when measuring the goodwill impairment loss, if applicable. The FASB also eliminated the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform Step 2 of the goodwill impairment test. Therefore, the same impairment assessment applies to all reporting units. An entity is required to disclose the amount of goodwill allocated to each reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount of net assets. An entity still has the option to perform the qualitative assessment for a reporting unit to determine if the quantitative impairment test is necessary. The new guidance is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, including interim periods within those fiscal years. Early adoption is permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests performed on testing dates after January 1, 2017. Frontier has adopted this standard during the second quarter of 2017 in conjunction with our goodwill impairment assessment. See Note 1 and Note 6 for further discussion.  



Compensation – Stock Compensation

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” to amend ASC Topic 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.” The ASU is part of the FASB’s ongoing simplification initiative, which is designed to reduce cost and complexity while maintaining or improving the usefulness of the information provided to the users of financial statements. The simplifications address a variety of areas for public entities, including the following: 1) accounting for income taxes, 2) classification of excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows, 3) forfeitures, 4) minimum statutory tax withholding requirements, 5) classifications of employee taxes paid on the statement of cash flows when an employer withholds shares for tax withholding purposes, and 6) classification of awards with repurchase features. This

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guidance was effective for Frontier as of the second quarter of 2017 .   During the six months ended June 30 , 2017 Frontier recognized $ 2 million   of income tax expense and recorded a cumulative effect adjustment to beginning accumulated deficit of $1 million to recognize all unrecognized deferred tax benefits r ecorded as of January 1, 2017. For the six months ended June 30 , 2016, Frontier reclassified $ 10 million of taxes paid on behalf of employees related to shares withheld from “Cash flows provided from (used by) operations” to “Cash flows used by financing activities” in accordance with the new standard.  



(3)   Acquisitions :



The CTF Acquisition

On April 1, 2016, Frontier acquired the wireline operations of Verizon Communications, Inc. in California, Texas and Florida for a purchase price of $10,540 million in cash and assumed debt (the CTF Acquisition), pursuant to the February 5, 2015 Securities Purchase Agreement, as amended.  In addition, Frontier and Verizon settled the working capital and net debt adjustments with $15 million paid to Frontier in October 2016. As a result of the CTF Acquisition, Frontier now operates these former Verizon properties, which included approximately   2.5 million total customers, 2.1 million broadband subscribers, and 1.2 million FiOS video subscribers as of April 1, 2016 (the CTF Operations ).



The final allocation of the purchase price presented below represents the effect of recording the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as of the date of the CTF Acquisition, based on the total transaction cash consideration of $9,871 million.





The fair value estimates related to the allocation of the purchase price to Other intangibles were revised and updated during the first quarter of 2017 from the previous estimates as of December 31, 2016.  The allocation that was reported as of December 31, 2016 for Other intangibles increased $100 million, from $2,162 million to $2,262 million.  These measurement period adjustments resulted in   $20 million of amortization expense during the first quarter of 2017 that would have been recorded in 2016 if the adjustments had been recognized as of the acquisition date.   Other adjustments to the allocation of the purchase price for the CTF Acquisition during the first quarter of 2017 resulted in a $ 140   million decrease in Property, plant & equipment, a $ 61   million increase in Current liabilities, and a $ 98   million increase in Goodwill.



The total consideration exceeded the net estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed by $2, 606   million , which we recognized as goodwill. This goodwill is attributable to strategic benefits, including enhanced financial and operational scale, market diversification and leveraged combined networks that we expect to realize.  This amount of goodwill associated with the CTF Acquisition will be deductible for income tax purposes .



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The following unaudited pro forma financial information presents the combined results of operations of Frontier and the CTF Operations as if the CTF Acquisition had occurred as of January 1, 201 6 . The pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of what the financial position or results of operations actually would have been had the CTF Acquisition been completed as of January 1, 201 6 . In addition, the unaudited pro forma financial information is not indicative of, nor does it purport to project, the future financial position or operating results of Frontier. The unaudited pro forma financial information excludes acquisition and integration costs and does not give effect to any estimated and potential cost savings or other operating efficiencies that may result from the CTF Acquisition .  





Acquisition and Integration Costs

Acquisition costs include financial advisory, accounting, regulatory , legal and other related costs.  Integration costs include expenses that are incremental and directly related to the acquisition, which were incurred to integrate the network and information technology platforms .   Integration costs also include costs to achieve synergies and operational efficiencies directly associated with the acquisition.  



Frontier incurred operating expenses related to the CTF Acquisition as follows :





We also invested $ 5   million and $ 88   million in capital expenditures related to the CTF Acquisition during the six months ended June 30 , 2017 and 2016, respectively.



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(4)   Accounts Receivable :

The components of accounts receivable, net are as follows :







We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts based on our estimate of our ability to collect accounts receivable. During the second quarter of 2017 we resolved settlements with carriers resulting in a reduction to our reserves of approximately $35 million. Bad debt expense, which is recorded as a reduction to revenue , was as follows :











(5)  Property, Plant and Equipment :

Property, plant and equipment, net is as follows :







Depreciation expense is principally based on the composite group method. Depreciation expense was as follows :







We adopted new estimated remaining useful lives for certain plant assets as of October 1, 201 6 , as a result of an annual independent study of the estimated remaining useful lives of our plant assets, with an insignificant impact to depreciation expense.

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In 2017, we sold and leased back certain properties , generating $ 86 million in net proceeds. We have deferred $ 5 9 million in gains , of which $26 million and $33 million are included in O ther current liabilities and Other liabilities , respectively   o n our consolidated balance sheet as of June 30 , 2017 , and are being amortiz ed over the related lease terms of 2 years .





(6)  Goodwill and Other Intangibles :  

The activity in goodwill from January 1, 2017 to June 30 , 2017 was as follows :  







We are required to perform impairment tests related to our goodwill annually, which we perform as of December 31, or sooner if an indicator of impairment occurs. In the second quarter of 2017, a triggering event prompted us to perform the quantitative impairment test. The triggering event was the significant decrease in the share price of our common stock during the period.



We use a market multiples approach to determine fair value. Marketplace company comparisons and analyst reports within the telecommunications industry have historically supported a range of fair values of multiples between 5.0x and 7.9x annualized EBITDA (defined as operating income, net of acquisition and integration costs, noncash pension and OPEB costs, pension settlement costs, goodwill impairment and restructuring costs and other charges, as well as depreciation and amortization).  We estimated the enterprise fair value using a multiple of 5.8x EBITDA.



Our quantitative assessment indicated that the carrying value of the enterprise exceeded its fair value and, therefore, an impairment existed, principally due to the decline in our profitability during the second quarter of 2017. We elected to early adopt the simplified goodwill method under ASU 2017-04, and recorded our goodwill impairment based on the amount that the enterprise carrying value exceeded the fair value, which resulted in a goodwill impairment of $670 million. 



The market multiples approach that we use incorporates significant estimates and assumptions related to the forecasted results for the remainder of the year including revenues, expenses, and the achievement of other cost synergies. Our assessment includes many qualitative factors that require significant judgment. Alternative interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions regarding the need for, or size of, an impairment.  Continued declines in our profitability or cash flows or in the trading value of our common stock may result in further impairment.



We also considered whether the carrying values of finite-lived intangible assets and property plant and equipment may not be recoverable or whether the carrying value of certain indefinite-lived intangible assets were impaired, noting no additional impairment was present as of June 30, 2017.



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The components of other intangibles are as follows :





Amortization expense was as follows :







Amortization expense primarily represents the amortization of our customer base acquired as a result of the CTF Acquisition, the Connecticut Acquisition in 2014 and the acquisition of certain Verizon properties in 2010 with each based on a useful life of 8 to 12 years on an accelerated method . 



(7)  Fair Value of Financial Instruments :

The following table summarizes the carrying amounts and estimated fair values for long-term debt at June  3 0 , 2017 and December 31, 201 6 . For the other financial instruments including cash, accounts receivable, long-term debt due within one year, accounts payable and other current liabilities, the carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the relatively short maturities of those instruments.



The fair value of our long-term debt is estimated based upon quoted market prices at the reporting date for those financial instruments.









(8)













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(8)   Long-Term Debt : 

       The activity in our long-term debt from January 1, 2017 through June 30 , 2017 is summarized as follows:













* Interest rate includes amortization of debt issuance costs and debt premiums or discounts. The interest rates at June 30 , 2017 represent a weighted average of multiple issuances.



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Additional information regarding our senior unsecured debt, senior secured debt and subsidiary debt is as follows:





(1)     Represents borrowings under the 2014 CoBank Credit Agreement, as defined below.

( 2 )     Represents borrowings under the JPM Credit Agreement, as defined below.

( 3 )  Represents borrowings under the 2016 CoBank Credit Agreement, as defined below.

( 4 )     Represents borrowings under the JPM Credit Agreement Term Loan B , as defined below.

( 5 )     Interest rate represents a weighted average of the stated interest rates of multiple issuances .



On April 17, 2017, Frontier used cash available on hand to retire $210 million of 8.25% Senior Notes that matured on such date.



On February 27, 2017, Frontier entered into a first amended and restated credit agreement with JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as administrative agent, and the lenders party thereto (the JPM Credit Agreement), pursuant to which Frontier combined its revolving credit agreement, dated as of June 2, 2014, and its term loan credit

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agreement, dated as of August 12, 2015.  Under the JPM Credit Agreement, as further amended on June 15, 2017 by Increase Joinder No.1, Frontier has a $1,625 million senior secured term loan A facility (the Term Loan A) maturing on March 31, 2021 , an $850 million secured revolving credit facility maturing on February 27, 2022 (the Revolver), and $1,500 million senior secured term loan B facility (the Term Loan B) maturing on June 15, 2024 .   The maturities of the Term Loan A, the Revolver, and the Term Loan B, in each case if still outstanding, will be accelerated in the following circumstances: (i) if, 91 days before the maturity date of any series of Senior Notes maturing in 2020, 2023 and 2024, more than $500 million in principal amount remains outstanding on such series; or (ii) if, 91 days before the maturity date of the first series of Senior Notes maturing in 2021 or 2022, more than $500 million in principal amount remains outstanding, in the aggregate, on the two series of Senior Notes maturing in such year. The determination of interest rates for each of the facilities under the JPM Credit Agreement is based on margins over the Base Rate (as defined in the JPM Credit Agreement) or LIBOR, at the election of Frontier.  Interest rate margins on the Term Loan A and Revolver (ranging from 0.75% to 1.75% for Base Rate borrowings and 1.75% to 2.75% for LIBOR borrowings) are subject to adjustment based on Frontier’s Total Leverage Ratio (as defined in the JPM Credit Agreement). Interest rate margins on the Term Loan B (2.75% for Base Rate borrowings and 3.75% for LIBOR borrowings) are not subject to adjustment. The JPM Credit Agreement contains a covenant that Frontier’s Leverage Ratio (as defined in the JPM Credit Agreement) not be above 5.25 to 1.0 initially, migrating to 5.0 to 1.0 beginning in the second quarter of 2018, 4.75 to 1.0 in the second quarter of 2019, and 4.5 to 1.0 in the second quarter of 2020.  The security package under the JPM Credit Agreement includes pledges of the equity interests in certain Frontier subsidiaries and guaranties by certain Frontier subsidiaries. As of June 30, 2017, the revolving credit facility was fully available and no borrowings had been made thereunder. The revolving credit facility is available for general corporate purposes but may not be used to fund dividend payments .



In June 2017, Frontier used cash proceeds from the Term Loan B offering to retire $763 million of 8.875% Notes due 2020 and $527 million of 8.500% Notes due 2020. Frontier recorded a loss on early extinguishment of debt of $90 million driven by premiums paid to retire the notes and unamortized original issuance costs.

   

Upon completion of the CTF Acquisition on April 1, 2016, we also assumed additional debt of $600 million, including $200 million aggregate principal amount of 6.75% Senior Notes due May 15, 2027 ,   $300 million aggregate principal amount of 6.86% Senior Notes due February 1, 2028 and $100 million aggregate principal amount of 8.50% Senior Notes due November 15, 2031 .



On September 25, 2015, Frontier completed a private offering of $6,600 million aggregate principal amount of unsecured Senior Notes, as follows: $1,000 million of 8.875% Senior Notes due 2020 ;   $2,000 million of 10.500% Senior Notes due 2022 ; and $3,600 million of 11.000% Senior Notes due 2025 . Each was issued at a price equal to 100% of its principal amount. Frontier used the net proceeds from the offering (after deducting underwriting fees) to finance a portion of the cash consideration paid in connection with the CTF Acquisition and to pay related fees and expenses. In June 2016, we completed an exchange offer of registered senior notes for the privately placed senior notes. 



On February 5, 2015, we entered into a commitment for a bridge loan facility (the Verizon Bridge Facility) and recognized related interest expense of $10 million during the six months ended June 30, 2016.



Frontier has two senior secured credit agreements with CoBank, ACB, as administrative agent, lead arranger and a lender, and the other lenders party thereto: the first, for a $350 million senior term loan facility drawn in 2014 (the 2014 CoBank Credit Agreement), matures on October 24, 2019 , and the second, for a $315 million senior term loan facility drawn in October 2016 (the 2016 CoBank Credit Agreement), matures on October 12, 2021 . We refer to the 2014 CoBank Credit Agreement and the 2016 CoBank Credit Agreement collectively as the CoBank Credit Agreements.



Repayment of the outstanding principal balance under each of the CoBank Credit Agreements is being made in quarterly installments ( $9 million, with respect to the 2014 CoBank Credit Agreement, and $8 million, with respect to the 2016 CoBank Credit Agreement), in each case with the remaining outstanding principal balance to be repaid on the applicable maturity date.  Borrowings under each of the CoBank Credit Agreements bear interest

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based on the margins over the Base Rate (as defined in the applicable CoBank Credit Agreement) or LIBO R, at the election of Frontier.



On March 29, 2017, Frontier amended the 2014 and 2016 CoBank Credit Agreements. The amendments provide that interest rate margins under each of these facilities will range from 0.875% to 3.875% for Base Rate borrowings and 1.875% to 4.875% for LIBOR borrowings, subject to adjustment based on our Total Leverage Ratio, as defined in each credit agreement. The interest rate on each of the facilities as of June 30, 2017 was LIBOR plus 3.875% . In addition, the amendments provide for increases in the maximum Leverage Ratio and expansion of the security package identical to those contained in the JPM Credit Agreement.



As of June 30 , 2017, we were in compliance with all of our indenture and credit facility covenants.



Our scheduled principal payments are as follows as of June 30, 2017:





(9) Restructuring Costs and Other Charges

As of June 30, 2017, restructuring related liabilities of $13 million pertaining to employee separation charges were included in “Other current liabilities” in our consolidated balance sheet.



Restructuring costs and other charges, primarily consisting of severance and other employee-related costs of $32 million in connection with workforce reductions, are included in “Restructuring costs and other charges” in our consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30 , 2017. During the second quarter of 2017, Frontier sold its Frontier Secure Strategic Partnerships business at a loss of $9 million , which is also included in restructuring costs and other charges for the six months ended June 30, 2017.



The following is a summary of the changes in the liabilities established for restructuring programs at June 30, 2017:



















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(10 )   Income Taxes:  

The following is a reconciliation of the provision for income taxes computed at the federal statutory rate to income taxes computed at the effective rate :  







Income taxes for the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 includes the federal   tax impact of $107 million related to the goodwill impairment recorded during the second quarter of 2017 .



Income taxes for the six months ended June 30 , 2017 include s the impact of $ 2 million of income tax expense resulting from the adoption of ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting.”



Amounts pertaining to income tax related accounts of $ 51 million and $ 55 million are included in “Income taxes and other current assets” in the consolidated balance sheets as of June 30 , 2017 and December 31, 201 6 , respectively.



During the first half of 2017 , we received state income tax refund s of $ 3 million .  



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(11 )   Net Loss Per Share :

All share and per share amounts in the tables below have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to the reverse stock split. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional details.  



The reconciliation of the net loss per share calculation is as follows :





In calculating diluted net loss per common share for the three and six months ended June 30 , 2016, the effect of all common stock equivalents is excluded from the computation as the effect would be antidilutive.



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Stock Options

For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017 and 2016, options to purchase 2,664 shares , issuable under employee compensation plans were excluded from the computation of diluted earnings (loss) per share (EPS) for those periods because the exercise prices were greater than the average market price of our common stock and, therefore, the effect would be antidilutive.



Stock Units

At June 30, 2017 and 2016, we had 155,616 and 108,827 stock units, respectively, issued under the Non-Employee Directors’ Deferred Fee Equity Plan (Deferred Fee Plan), the Non-Employee Directors’ Equity Incentive Plan (Directors’ Equity Plan) ,   the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan and the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan . These securities have not been included in the diluted EPS calculation for 2016 because their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. C ompensation costs associated with the issuance of stock units   were $(3)   million and $1 million for the six months ended June 30 , 2017 and 2016 , respectively .



Mandatory Convertible Preferred Stock

The impact of the common share equivalents associated with the 19,250,000 shares of Series A Preferred stock were not included in the diluted EPS calculation as of June 30 , 2017 and 2016, as their impact was antidilutive .  



(12 )   Stock Plans :

All share and per share amounts in the tables below have been retroactively adjusted for all periods presented to give effect to the reverse stock split. See Note 1 – Summary of Significant Accounting Policies for additional details.  



At June 30 , 2017, we had seven stock-based compensation plans under which grants were made and awards remained outstanding. No further awards may be granted under six of the plans: the 1996 Equity Incentive Plan (the 1996 EIP), the Amended and Restated 2000 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2000 EIP), the 2009 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2009 EIP), the 2013 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2013 EIP), the Deferred Fee Plan and the Directors’ Equity Plan. At June 30, 2017, there were approximately 5,667,000   shares authorized for grant and approximately 4,360,000 shares av ailable for grant under the 2017 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2017 EIP and together with the 1996 EIP, the 2000 EIP ,   the 2009 EIP and the 2013 EIPS , the EIPs). Our general policy is to issue treasury shares upon the grant of restricted shares and the exercise of options.



Performance Shares

On February 16, 2017, the Compensation Committee of our Boar d   of Directors granted approximately 157,400   performance shares under the Frontier Long Term Incentive Plan (the LTIP) and set the operating cash flow performance goal for 201 7 , which applies to the first year in the 201 7 -201 9 measurement period, the second year of the 201 6 -201 8 measurement period and the third year of the 201 5 -201 7 measurement period.



The following summary presents information regarding LTIP target performance shares as of June 30 , 2017 and changes during the six months then ended with regard to LTIP shares awarded under the 2013 EIP and the 2017 EIP :







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For purposes of determining compensation expense, the fair value of each performance share is measured at the end of each reporting period and, therefore, will fluctuate based on the price of Frontier common stock as well as performance relative to the targets. For the six months ended June 30 , 2017 and 2016, we recognized net compensation expense, reflected in “Selling, general and administrative expenses ,” of $0   million and $3   million , respectively, for the LTIP.



Restricted Stock

The following summary presents information regarding unvested restricted stock as of June 30 , 2017 and changes during the six months then ended with regard to restricted stock granted under the 2013 EIP and the 2017 EIP :







For purposes of determining compensation expense, the fair value of each restricted stock grant is estimated based on the average of the high and low market price of a share of our co mmon stock on the date of grant, for shares granted prior to May 10, 2017.  Beginning on May 10, 2017, the fair value of each restricted stock grant is estimated based on the close price of a share of our common stock on the date of the grant. Total remaining unrecognized   compensation cost associated with unvested restricted stock awards that is deferred at June 30, 2017 was $34 million, and the weighted average vesting period over which this cost is expected to be recognized is approximately 2 years.



Shares of restricted stock granted during the first six months of 2016 totaled 364,527 . The total fair value of shares of restricted stock granted and vested at June 30, 2016 was approximately $27 million and $18 million, respectively. The total fair value of unvested restricted stock at June 30, 2016 was $44 million. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted shares granted during the six months ended June 30, 2016 was $65.85 per share .



We have granted restricted stock awards to employees in the form of our common stock. None of the restricted stock awards may be sold, assigned, pledged or otherwise transferred, voluntarily or involuntarily, by the employees until the restrictions lapse, subject to limited exceptions. The restrictions are time-based. Compensation expense, recognized in “Selling, general and administrative expenses,” of $9 million and $10 million for each of the six month period s ended June 30 , 2017 and 2016, has been recorded in connection with these grants .  



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(1 3 )   Comprehensive Income (Loss) :

Comprehensive income (loss) consists of net income (loss) and other gains and losses affecting shareholders’ investment and pension/postretirement benefit (OPEB) liabilities that, under GAAP, are excluded from net loss.



The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax at June 30 , 2017 and 2016, and changes for the six months then ended, are as follows :







As a result of the pension settlement accounting discussed in Note 1 4 , the Frontier Communications Pension Plan (the Pension Plan) was remeasured as of June 30 , 2017.  This remeasurement resulted in a decrease in the discount rate from 4.10% at March 31, 2017 to 3.80% at June 30, 2017 , resulting in the recording of a loss on remeasurement to Other comprehensive income (loss) during the quarter.  For the three and six months ended June 30, 2017, Frontier recorded a net loss on remeasurement of $28 million and a net gain on remeasurement of $20 million, respectively, to Other comprehensive income (loss).  A dditionally, Frontier recorded pension settlement charge s   totaling $62 million  ( $36 million net of tax) to Other comprehensive income.  Refer to Note 14 for details about the settlement accounting.

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The significant items reclassified from each component of accumulated other comprehensive loss for the three and   six months ended June 30 , 2017 and 2016 are as follows:





(a) Amounts in parentheses indicate losses.

(b) These accumulated other comprehensive loss components are included in the computation of net periodic pension and OPEB costs ( see Note 14 - Retirement Plans for additional details) .









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(14 )   Retirement Plans : 

The following tables provide the components of total benefit cost :













During the first six months of 201 7 and 201 6 , we capitalized $ 14 million and $13 million, respectively, of pension and OPEB expense into the cost of our capital expenditures, as the costs relate to our engineering and plant construction activities.



The   P ension P lan contains provisions that provide certain employees with the option of receiving a   lump sum payment upon retirement.  Frontier’s accounting policy is to record these payments as a settlement only if, in the aggregate, they exceed the sum of the annual service and interest costs for the Pension P lan’s net periodic pension benefit cost. During the six months ended June 30 , 2017, lump sum pension settlement payments to terminated or retired individuals amounted to $ 362 million, which exceeded the settlement threshold of $ 234 million , and as a result, Frontier recognize d non-cash settlement charge s totaling   $ 62 million during the first six months of 2017. The non-cash charge accelerate d the recognition of a portion of the previously unrecognized actuarial losses in the P ension P lan. These non-cash charge s   increased our recorded net loss and accumulated deficit , with an offset to accumulated other comprehensive loss in shareholders’ equity. A dditional pension settlement charges will be required in each subsequent quarter of 2017, the amount of which will be dependent on the lump sum benefit payments made during the applicable quarter . As a result of the recognition of the settlement charge s in the first six months of 2017, the net pension plan liability was remeasured as of June 30, 2017 and March 31 , 2017 to be $711 million and $ 665   million, respectively, as compared to the $699 million measured and recorded at December

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31, 2016.  The remeasured funded status of the P ension P lan was   approximately 80 % , as of June 30 , 2017 , similar to December 31, 2016.  Frontier did not record any adjustment to the pension plan liability, beyond the settlement charge, as a result of this remeasurement.



Our P ension P lan assets de creased from $ 2,766 million at December 31, 201 6 to $ 2,609 million at June 30 , 2017 , a de crease of $ 157 million, or   6 % . This de crease was a result of benefit payments of $ 390 million, partially offset by positive investment returns of $ 154 million, net of investment management and administrative fees, increased receivable from Verizon and the Verizon pension plan trusts of $ 38 million related to the CTF Acquisition , and Frontier contributions of $ 41   million during the first six months of 201 7 .  



As part of the CTF Acquisition, Verizon is required to make a cash payment to Frontier for the difference in assets transferred by Verizon into the Pension Plan and the related obligation (the Differential), which is estimated to be $131 million . We expect to receive the payment from Verizon during the third quarter of 2017. Once received, we will retain   $34 million for contributions paid by Frontier during the second quarter of 2017, and remit the remaining cash received to the Pension P lan to offset future contributions.



(1 5 )   Commitments and Contingencies :

Although from time to time we make short-term purchasing commitments to vendors with respect to capital expenditures, we generally do not enter into firm, written contracts for such activities.



In June 2015, Frontier accepted the Federal Communications Commission’s (FCC) offer of support to price cap carriers under the Connect America Fund (CAF) Phase II program, which is intended to provide long-term support for broadband in high cost unserved or underserved areas. This program provides $ 332   million in annual support, including $ 49   million in annual support related to the properties acquired in the CTF Acquisition, through 2020 to make available 10 Mbps downstream/1 Mbps upstream broadband service to approximately 774,000 households across certain of the 29 states where we now operate. To the extent we do not enable the required number of households with 10 Mbps downstream/1 Mbps upstream broadband service by the end of the CAF Phase II term, we will be required to return a portion of the funds previously received.



On April 20, 2017, the FCC issued an Order that will significantly alter how Commercial Data Services are regulated once the rules go into effect.  Specifically, the Order adopted a test to determine, on a county-by-county basis, whether price cap ILECs’, like Frontier’s, DS1 and DS3 services will continue to be regulated.  The test is likely to result in deregulation in a substantial number of our markets.  Once implemented, the deregulation will allow Frontier to offer its DS1 and DS3 services in a manner that better responds to the competitive marketplace and allows for commercial negotiation.  The areas that remain regulated may be subject to price fluctuations depending upon the price cap formula that year.  Multiple parties have appealed and requested a stay of this Order. Frontier cannot predict how these regulatory changes will result in changes to revenues at this time. 

 

We are party to various legal proceedings (including individual, class and putative class actions) arising in the normal course of our business covering a wide range of matters and types of claims including, but not limited to, general contracts, billing disputes, rights of access, taxes and surcharges, consumer protection, trademark and patent infringement, employment, regulatory, tort, claims of competitors and disputes with other carriers. 



We accrue an expense for pending litigation when we determine that an unfavorable outcome is probable and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. Legal defense costs are expensed as incurred.  None of our existing accruals for pending matters, after considering insurance coverage, is material. We monitor our pending litigation for the purpose of adjusting our accruals and revising our disclosures accordingly, when required. Litigation is, however, subject to uncertainty, and the outcome of any particular matter is not predictable. We will vigorously defend our interests in pending litigation, and as of this date, we believe that the ultimate resolution of all such matters, after considering insurance coverage or other indemnities to which we are entitled, will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations, or our cash flows .



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In October 2013, the California Attorney General’s Office notified certain Verizon companies, including one of the subsidiaries that we acquired in the CTF Acquisition, of potential violations of California state hazardous waste statutes primarily arising from the disposal of electronic components, batteries and aerosol cans at certain California facilities. We are cooperating with this investigation. We have accrued an amount for potential penalties that we deem to be probable and reasonably estimated, and we do not expect that any potential penalties , if ultimately incurred , will be material in comparison to the established accrual .