FORD MOTOR CO (Form: 10-Q, Received: 10/24/2019 06:02:06)

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UNITED STATES

SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, DC 20549

FORM 10-Q

☑ Quarterly report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019

☐ Transition report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934

For the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission file number 1-3950

Ford Motor Company

(Exact name of Registrant as specified in its charter)



Delaware		38-0549190
(State of incorporation)		(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

One American Road
Dearborn,	Michigan	48126
(Address of principal executive offices)		(Zip code)

313-322-3000

(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:



Title of each class	Trading symbol(s)	Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share	F	New York Stock Exchange
6.200% Notes due June 1, 2059	FPRB	New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark if the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☑ No ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer ☑ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑

As of October 18, 2019, Ford had outstanding 3,894,044,919 shares of Common Stock and 70,852,076 shares of Class B Stock.

Exhibit Index begins on page

FORD MOTOR COMPANY

QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q

For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2019



	Table of Contents	Page
	Part I - Financial Information
Item 1	Financial Statements	1
	Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows	1
	Consolidated Income Statement	2
	Consolidated Statement of Comprehensive Income	2
	Consolidated Balance Sheet	3
	Consolidated Statement of Equity	4
	Notes to the Financial Statements	5
Item 2	Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations	35
	Results of Operations	35
	Automotive Segment	37
	Mobility Segment	43
	Ford Credit Segment	44
	Corporate Other	47
	Interest on Debt	47
	Taxes	47
	Liquidity and Capital Resources	48
	Credit Ratings	55
	Outlook	56
	Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements	57
	Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations	58
	Supplemental Information	63
	Critical Accounting Estimates	67
	Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted	67
Item 3	Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk	67
Item 4	Controls and Procedures	68

	Part II - Other Information
Item 1	Legal Proceedings	69
Item 1A	Risk Factors	70
Item 2	Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds	70
Item 6	Exhibits	71
	Signature	72

PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Financial Statements.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS

(in millions)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2018			2019
	First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities
Net income	$	3,807		$	1,756
Depreciation and tooling amortization	6,930			7,310
Other amortization	(626		)	(891		)
Held-for-sale impairment charges	—			799
Provision for credit and insurance losses	367			292
Pension and other post-retirement employee benefits (“OPEB”) expense/(income)	(387		)	401
Equity investment (earnings)/losses in excess of dividends received	15			73
Foreign currency adjustments	476			49
Net (gain)/loss on changes in investments in affiliates	(44		)	(46		)
Stock compensation	199			238
Provision for deferred income taxes	(82		)	(403		)
Decrease/(Increase) in finance receivables (wholesale and other)	746			2,792
Decrease/(Increase) in accounts receivable and other assets	(2,126		)	(1,023		)
Decrease/(Increase) in inventory	(2,360		)	(1,790		)
Increase/(Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	6,786			5,226
Other	(36		)	(44		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	13,665			14,739

Cash flows from investing activities
Capital spending	(5,669		)	(5,358		)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases	(48,227		)	(41,142		)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases	38,418			37,854
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments	(14,547		)	(12,367		)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments	17,341			12,532
Settlements of derivatives	290			163
Other	(201		)	(53		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	(12,595		)	(8,371		)

Cash flows from financing activities
Cash payments for dividends and dividend equivalents	(2,308		)	(1,794		)
Purchases of common stock	(164		)	(237		)
Net changes in short-term debt	(1,268		)	(1,094		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	37,211			35,705
Principal payments on long-term debt	(33,935		)	(34,847		)
Other	(184		)	(173		)
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	(648		)	(2,440		)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	(305		)	(154		)

Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	117		$	3,774

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at beginning of period (Note 7)	$	18,638		$	16,907
Net increase/(decrease) in cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	117			3,774
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash at end of period (Note 7)	$	18,755		$	20,681

The accompanying notes are part of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED INCOME STATEMENT

(in millions, except per share amounts)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2018		2019
	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Revenues
Automotive	$	34,660		$	33,931		$	109,577	$	106,928
Ford Credit	2,998			3,045			8,950		9,231
Mobility	8			14			18		26
Total revenues (Note 3)	37,666			36,990			118,545		116,185

Costs and expenses
Cost of sales	31,568			32,282			100,515		99,881
Selling, administrative, and other expenses	2,882			2,601			8,407		8,169
Ford Credit interest, operating, and other expenses	2,352			2,368			7,052		7,104
Total costs and expenses	36,802			37,251			115,974		115,154
Operating income/(loss)	864			(261		)	2,571		1,031

Interest expense on Automotive debt	328			262			890		723
Interest expense on Other debt	15			14			43		42

Other income/(loss), net (Note 4)	605			534			2,472		1,434
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	(32		)	(16		)	252		96
Income/(Loss) before income taxes	1,094			(19		)	4,362		1,796
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	101			(442		)	555		40
Net income	993			423			3,807		1,756
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	2			(2		)	14		37
Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	991		$	425		$	3,793	$	1,719

EARNINGS PER SHARE ATTRIBUTABLE TO FORD MOTOR COMPANY COMMON AND CLASS B STOCK (Note 6)
Basic income	$	0.25		$	0.11		$	0.95	$	0.43
Diluted income	0.25			0.11			0.95		0.43

Weighted-average shares used in computation of earnings per share
Basic shares	3,976			3,970			3,976		3,976
Diluted shares	4,000			4,007			3,999		4,006

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(in millions)



	For the periods ended September 30,
	2018			2019			2018			2019
	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	(unaudited)
Net income	$	993		$	423		$	3,807		$	1,756
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax (Note 22)
Foreign currency translation	(134		)	(360		)	(434		)	(244		)
Marketable securities	(2		)	8			(57		)	130
Derivative instruments	(103		)	(69		)	(18		)	(398		)
Pension and other postretirement benefits	13			15			38			36
Total other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(226		)	(406		)	(471		)	(476		)
Comprehensive income	767			17			3,336			1,280
Less: Comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	1			(2		)	13			37
Comprehensive income attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	766		$	19		$	3,323		$	1,243

The accompanying notes are part of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET

(in millions)



	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents (Note 7)	$	16,718		$	20,523
Marketable securities (Note 7)	17,233			16,808
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)	54,353			51,183
Trade and other receivables, less allowances of $94 and $60	11,195			10,621
Inventories (Note 10)	11,220			12,451
Assets of held-for-sale operations (Note 21)	—			812
Other assets	3,930			3,356
Total current assets	114,649			115,754

Ford Credit finance receivables, net (Note 8)	55,544			53,530
Net investment in operating leases (Note 11)	29,119			29,452
Net property	36,178			35,404
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies	2,709			2,623
Deferred income taxes	10,412			10,677
Other assets	7,929			10,717
Total assets	$	256,540		$	258,157

LIABILITIES
Payables	$	21,520		$	22,228
Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 14)	20,556			21,731
Automotive debt payable within one year (Note 17)	2,314			1,622
Ford Credit debt payable within one year (Note 17)	51,179			52,852
Other debt payable within one year (Note 17)	—			130
Liabilities of held-for-sale operations (Note 21)	—			524
Total current liabilities	95,569			99,087

Other liabilities and deferred revenue (Note 14)	23,588			23,729
Automotive long-term debt (Note 17)	11,233			12,615
Ford Credit long-term debt (Note 17)	88,887			86,422
Other long-term debt (Note 17)	600			470
Deferred income taxes	597			447
Total liabilities	220,474			222,770

Redeemable noncontrolling interest (Note 20)	100			—

EQUITY
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (4,011 million shares issued of 6 billion authorized)	40			40
Class B Stock, par value $.01 per share (71 million shares issued of 530 million authorized)	1			1
Capital in excess of par value of stock	22,006			22,179
Retained earnings	22,668			22,590
Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) (Note 22)	(7,366		)	(7,842		)
Treasury stock	(1,417		)	(1,619		)
Total equity attributable to Ford Motor Company	35,932			35,349
Equity attributable to noncontrolling interests	34			38
Total equity	35,966			35,387
Total liabilities and equity	$	256,540		$	258,157



The following table includes assets to be used to settle liabilities of the consolidated variable interest entities (“VIEs”). These assets and liabilities are included in the consolidated balance sheet above.
	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
	(unaudited)
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents	$	2,728	$	2,660
Ford Credit finance receivables, net	58,662		56,546
Net investment in operating leases	16,332		12,671
Other assets	27		6
LIABILITIES
Other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	24	$	49
Debt	53,269		50,981

The accompanying notes are part of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF EQUITY

(in millions, unaudited)



	Equity Attributable to Ford Motor Company
	Capital Stock		Cap. In Excess of Par Value of Stock			Retained Earnings			Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss) (Note 22)			Treasury Stock			Total			Equity Attributable to Non-controlling Interests			Total Equity
Balance at December 31, 2017	$	41	$	21,843		$	21,906		$	(6,959	)	$	(1,253	)	$	35,578		$	28		$	35,606
Net income	—		—			1,736			—			—			1,736			9			1,745
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			290			—			290			(1		)	289
Common stock issued (a)	—		(2		)	—			—			—			(2		)	—			(2		)
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			(89		)	(89		)	—			(89		)
Cash dividends declared ($0.28 per share) (b)	—		—			(1,113		)	—			—			(1,113		)	—			(1,113		)
Balance at March 31, 2018	$	41	$	21,841		$	22,529		$	(6,669	)	$	(1,342	)	$	36,400		$	36		$	36,436
Net income	—		—			1,066			—			—			1,066			3			1,069
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			(535		)	—			(535		)	1			(534		)
Common stock issued (a)	—		112			—			—			—			112			—			112
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			—			—			—			—
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.15 per share) (b)	—		—			(602		)	—			—			(602		)	(12		)	(614		)
Balance at June 30, 2018	$	41	$	21,953		$	22,993		$	(7,204	)	$	(1,342	)	$	36,441		$	28		$	36,469
Net income	—		—			991			—			—			991			2			993
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			(225		)	—			(225		)	(1		)	(226		)
Common stock issued (a)	—		58			—			—			—			58			—			58
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			(75		)	(75		)	—			(75		)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.15 per share) (b)	—		—			(600		)	—			—			(600		)	—			(600		)
Balance at September 30, 2018	$	41	$	22,011		$	23,384		$	(7,429	)	$	(1,417	)	$	36,590		$	29		$	36,619


Balance at December 31, 2018	$	41	$	22,006		$	22,668		$	(7,366	)	$	(1,417	)	$	35,932		$	34		$	35,966
Adoption of accounting standards	—		—			13			—			—			13			—			13
Net income	—		—			1,146			—			—			1,146			37			1,183
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			(135		)	—			(135		)	—			(135		)
Common stock issued (a)	—		20			—			—			—			20			—			20
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			23			23			(35		)	(12		)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.15 per share) (b)	—		—			(601		)	—			—			(601		)	—			(601		)
Balance at March 31, 2019	$	41	$	22,026		$	23,226		$	(7,501	)	$	(1,394	)	$	36,398		$	36		$	36,434
Net income	—		—			148			—			—			148			2			150
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			65			—			65			—			65
Common stock issued (a)	—		85			—			—			—			85			—			85
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			6			6			1			7
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.15 per share) (b)	—		—			(605		)	—			—			(605		)	—			(605		)
Balance at June 30, 2019	$	41	$	22,111		$	22,769		$	(7,436	)	$	(1,388	)	$	36,097		$	39		$	36,136
Net income	—		—			425			—			—			425			(2		)	423
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net	—		—			—			(406		)	—			(406		)	—			(406		)
Common stock issued (a)	—		68			—			—			—			68			—			68
Treasury stock/other	—		—			—			—			(231		)	(231		)	1			(230		)
Dividends and dividend equivalents declared ($0.15 per share) (b)	—		—			(604		)	—			—			(604		)	—			(604		)
Balance at September 30, 2019	$	41	$	22,179		$	22,590		$	(7,842	)	$	(1,619	)	$	35,349		$	38		$	35,387

__________


(a)	Includes impacts of share-based compensation.


(b)	Dividends and dividend equivalents declared for Common and Class B Stock.

The accompanying notes are part of the consolidated financial statements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

Table of Contents



Footnote		Page
Note 1	Presentation	6
Note 2	New Accounting Standards	7
Note 3	Revenue	9
Note 4	Other Income/(Loss)	10
Note 5	Income Taxes	10
Note 6	Capital Stock and Earnings Per Share	11
Note 7	Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Marketable Securities	12
Note 8	Ford Credit Finance Receivables	15
Note 9	Ford Credit Allowance for Credit Losses	18
Note 10	Inventories	19
Note 11	Net Investment in Operating Leases	19
Note 12	Other Investments	20
Note 13	Goodwill	20
Note 14	Other Liabilities and Deferred Revenue	20
Note 15	Retirement Benefits	21
Note 16	Lease Commitments	22
Note 17	Debt	24
Note 18	Derivative Financial Instruments and Hedging Activities	25
Note 19	Employee Separation Actions and Exit and Disposal Activities	27
Note 20	Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest	28
Note 21	Held-for-Sale Operations	29
Note 22	Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income/(Loss)	30
Note 23	Commitments and Contingencies	31
Note 24	Segment Information	33

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 1. PRESENTATION

For purposes of this report, “Ford,” the “Company,” “we,” “our,” “us,” or similar references mean Ford Motor Company, our consolidated subsidiaries, and our consolidated VIEs of which we are the primary beneficiary, unless the context requires otherwise. We also make reference to Ford Motor Credit Company LLC, herein referenced to as Ford Credit. Our financial statements are presented in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information, instructions to the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Rule 10-01 of Regulation S-X.

In the opinion of management, these unaudited financial statements reflect a fair statement of our results of operations and financial condition for the periods, and at the dates, presented. The results for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. Reference should be made to the financial statements contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 (“2018 Form 10-K Report”). We reclassified certain prior year amounts in our consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year presentation.

Change in Accounting

As of January 1, 2019, we changed our accounting method for reporting early termination losses related to customer defaults on Ford Credit’s operating leases. Previously, we presented the early termination loss reserve on operating leases due to customer default events as part of the allowance for credit losses within Net investment in operating leases. We now consider the effects of operating lease early terminations when determining depreciation estimates, which are included as part of accumulated depreciation within Net investment in operating leases. We believe this change in accounting method is preferable as the characterization of these changes is better reflected as depreciation.

We have retrospectively applied this change in accounting method to all prior periods. At December 31, 2018, this reclassification increased accumulated depreciation and decreased allowance for credit losses by $78 million within Net investment in operating leases. This change had no impact on our consolidated income statement, consolidated balance sheet or Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities in the consolidated statement of cash flows for the interim periods presented.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS

Adoption of New Accounting Standards

Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2016-02, Leases. On January 1, 2019, we adopted Accounting Standards Codification 842 and all the related amendments (“new lease standard”) using the modified retrospective method. We recognized the cumulative effect of initially applying the new lease standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of retained earnings. The comparative information has not been restated and continues to be reported under the lease accounting standard in effect for those periods. We do not expect the adoption of the new lease standard to have a material impact to our net income on an ongoing basis.

The new lease standard requires all leases to be reported on the balance sheet as right-of-use assets and lease obligations. We elected the practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance of the new standard that retained the lease classification and initial direct costs for any leases that existed prior to adoption of the standard. We did not reassess whether any contracts or land easements entered into prior to adoption are leases or contain leases.

The cumulative effect of the changes made to our consolidated balance sheet at January 1, 2019, for the adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, was as follows (in millions):



	Balance at December 31, 2018		Adjustments due to ASU 2016-02			Balance at January 1, 2019
Balance sheet
Assets
Other assets, current	$	3,930	$	(8	)	$	3,922
Other assets, non-current	7,929		1,324			9,253
Deferred income taxes	10,412		(4		)	10,408
Liabilities
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, current	20,556		316			20,872
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, non-current	23,588		983			24,571
Equity
Retained earnings	22,668		13			22,681

We also adopted the following ASUs during 2019, none of which had a material impact to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures:



ASU		Effective Date
2018-17	Targeted Improvements to Related Party Guidance for Variable Interest Entities	January 1, 2019
2018-16	Inclusion of the Secured Overnight Financing Rate (SOFR) Overnight Index Swap (OIS) Rate as a Benchmark Interest Rate for Hedge Accounting Purposes	January 1, 2019
2018-13	Fair Value Measurement - Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Fair Value Measurement	January 1, 2019
2018-08	Clarifying the Scope and the Accounting Guidance for Contributions Received and Contributions Made	January 1, 2019
2018-07	Stock Compensation - Improvements to Nonemployee Share-Based Payment Accounting	January 1, 2019
2018-02	Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (a)	January 1, 2019

__________

(a) Ford did not elect to reclassify the income tax effects of the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act from Accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) to Retained earnings.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 2. NEW ACCOUNTING STANDARDS (Continued)

Accounting Standards Issued But Not Yet Adopted

The Company considers the applicability and impact of all ASUs. ASUs not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on our consolidated financial statements.

ASU 2016-13, Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments. In June 2016, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a new accounting standard which replaces the current incurred loss impairment method with a method that reflects expected credit losses. We will adopt the new standard and the related amendments on January 1, 2020. Based on our current loan portfolio and forecasts of future macroeconomic conditions, we estimate that the allowance for credit losses reported in Ford Credit finance receivables, net on our consolidated balance sheet will increase by about $200 million at adoption. We will record the cumulative effect of initially applying the new standard as an adjustment to the opening balance of Retained earnings. The increase is primarily for our consumer loan portfolio as it will cover expected credit losses over the full remaining expected life of the loans.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE

The following table disaggregates our revenue by major source for the periods ended September 30 (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2018
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	33,352	$	—	$	—	$	33,352
Used vehicles	620		—		—		620
Extended service contracts	333		—		—		333
Other revenue	201		8		53		262
Revenues from sales and services	34,506		8		53		34,567

Leasing income	154		—		1,463		1,617
Financing income	—		—		1,443		1,443
Insurance income	—		—		39		39
Total revenues	$	34,660	$	8	$	2,998	$	37,666

	Third Quarter 2019
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	32,609	$	—	$	—	$	32,609
Used vehicles	647		—		—		647
Extended service contracts	347		—		—		347
Other revenue	183		14		55		252
Revenues from sales and services	33,786		14		55		33,855

Leasing income	145		—		1,480		1,625
Financing income	—		—		1,472		1,472
Insurance income	—		—		38		38
Total revenues	$	33,931	$	14	$	3,045	$	36,990

	First Nine Months 2018
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	105,338	$	—	$	—	$	105,338
Used vehicles	2,203		—		—		2,203
Extended service contracts	990		—		—		990
Other revenue	630		18		166		814
Revenues from sales and services	109,161		18		166		109,345

Leasing income	416		—		4,321		4,737
Financing income	—		—		4,340		4,340
Insurance income	—		—		123		123
Total revenues	$	109,577	$	18	$	8,950	$	118,545

	First Nine Months 2019
	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Vehicles, parts, and accessories	$	102,420	$	—	$	—	$	102,420
Used vehicles	2,509		—		—		2,509
Extended service contracts	1,028		—		—		1,028
Other revenue	615		26		161		802
Revenues from sales and services	106,572		26		161		106,759

Leasing income	356		—		4,429		4,785
Financing income	—		—		4,521		4,521
Insurance income	—		—		120		120
Total revenues	$	106,928	$	26	$	9,231	$	116,185

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 3. REVENUE (Continued)

The amount of consideration we receive and revenue we recognize on our vehicles, parts, and accessories varies with changes in marketing incentives and returns we offer to our customers and their customers. As a result of changes in our estimate of marketing incentives, we recorded a decrease related to revenue recognized in prior periods of $320 million and $454 million in the third quarter of 2018 and 2019, respectively.

We sell separately-priced service contracts that extend mechanical and maintenance coverages beyond our base warranty agreements to vehicle owners (“extended service contracts”). At December 31, 2017 and December 31, 2018, $3.8 billion and $4 billion, respectively, of unearned revenue associated with outstanding contracts was reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We recognized $262 million and $274 million of the unearned amounts as revenue during the third quarter of 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $829 million and $864 million in the first nine months of 2018 and 2019, respectively. At September 30, 2019, the unearned amount was $4.1 billion. We expect to recognize approximately $300 million of the unearned amount in the remainder of 2019, $1.2 billion in 2020, and $2.6 billion thereafter.

Amounts paid to dealers to obtain these contracts are deferred and recorded as Other assets. We had a balance of $247 million and $265 million in deferred costs as of December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, and recognized $18 million and $17 million of amortization during the third quarter of 2018 and 2019, respectively, and $55 million and $56 million in the first nine months of 2018 and 2019, respectively.

NOTE 4. OTHER INCOME/(LOSS)

The amounts included in Other income/(loss), net for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018		2019
Net periodic pension and other postretirement employee benefits (OPEB) income/(cost), excluding service cost	$	378		$	(21	)	$	1,284	$	362
Investment-related interest income	169			202			482		612
Interest income/(expense) on income taxes	(5		)	(5		)	28		(26		)
Realized and unrealized gains/(losses) on cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments	(76		)	199			136		79
Gains/(Losses) on changes in investments in affiliates	(14		)	44			44		46
Gains/(Losses) on extinguishment of debt	—			(1		)	—		(54		)
Royalty income	115			91			387		283
Other	38			25			111		132
Total	$	605		$	534		$	2,472	$	1,434

NOTE 5. INCOME TAXES

For interim tax reporting, we estimate one single effective tax rate for tax jurisdictions not subject to a valuation allowance, which is applied to the year-to-date ordinary income/(loss). Tax effects of significant unusual or infrequently occurring items are excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation and recognized in the interim period in which they occur.

In the third quarter, we recognized a tax benefit of $442 million, primarily from non-U.S. restructuring items, resulting in a tax rate of 2,326% on our $19 million loss before income taxes. Our effective tax rate for the first nine months of 2019 was 2.2%.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 6. CAPITAL STOCK AND EARNINGS PER SHARE

Earnings Per Share Attributable to Ford Motor Company Common and Class B Stock

Basic and diluted income per share were calculated using the following (in millions):



	Third Quarter				First Nine Months
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Basic and Diluted Income Attributable to Ford Motor Company
Basic income	$	991	$	425	$	3,793	$	1,719
Diluted income	991		425		3,793		1,719

Basic and Diluted Shares
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)	3,976		3,970		3,976		3,976
Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units, and unvested restricted stock shares	24		37		23		30
Diluted shares	4,000		4,007		3,999		4,006

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES

The fair values of cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in millions):



		December 31, 2018
	Fair Value Level	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government	1	$	220	$	—	$	139	$	359
U.S. government agencies	2	496		—		25		521
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	169		—		114		283
Corporate debt	2	174		—		884		1,058
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents		1,059		—		1,162		2,221
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds		5,999		53		8,445		14,497
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	7,058	$	53	$	9,607	$	16,718

Marketable securities
U.S. government	1	$	3,014	$	—	$	289	$	3,303
U.S. government agencies	2	1,953		—		65		2,018
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	4,674		—		610		5,284
Corporate debt	2	5,614		—		198		5,812
Equities (a)	1	424		—		—		424
Other marketable securities	2	246		—		146		392
Total marketable securities		$	15,925	$	—	$	1,308	$	17,233

Restricted cash		$	16	$	33	$	140	$	189

		September 30, 2019
	Fair Value Level	Automotive		Mobility		Ford Credit		Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents
U.S. government	1	$	1,044	$	—	$	447	$	1,491
U.S. government agencies	2	507		—		571		1,078
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	702		—		1,405		2,107
Corporate debt	2	331		—		872		1,203
Total marketable securities classified as cash equivalents		2,584		—		3,295		5,879
Cash, time deposits, and money market funds		6,246		114		8,284		14,644
Total cash and cash equivalents		$	8,830	$	114	$	11,579	$	20,523

Marketable securities
U.S. government	1	$	2,705	$	—	$	710	$	3,415
U.S. government agencies	2	1,733		—		340		2,073
Non-U.S. government and agencies	2	4,021		—		1,927		5,948
Corporate debt	2	4,291		—		193		4,484
Equities (a)	1	358		—		—		358
Other marketable securities	2	246		—		284		530
Total marketable securities		$	13,354	$	—	$	3,454	$	16,808

Restricted cash		$	10	$	21	$	127	$	158

__________

(a) Net unrealized gains/losses on equities were a $25 million gain and a $72 million loss at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as available-for-sale (“AFS”) debt securities were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018
										Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Within 1 Year		After 1 Year through 5 Years		After 5 Years
Automotive
U.S. government	$	2,933	$	5	$	(10	)	$	2,928	$	1,714	$	1,214	$	—
U.S. government agencies	1,920		—		(18		)	1,902		797		1,087		18
Non-U.S. government and agencies	3,841		4		(37		)	3,808		194		3,614		—
Corporate debt	4,010		3		(33		)	3,980		1,148		2,830		2
Other marketable securities	207		—		—			207		1		134		72
Total	$	12,911	$	12	$	(98	)	$	12,825	$	3,854	$	8,879	$	92

	September 30, 2019
										Fair Value of Securities with Contractual Maturities
	Amortized Cost		Gross Unrealized Gains		Gross Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Within 1 Year		After 1 Year through 5 Years		After 5 Years
Automotive
U.S. government	$	2,624	$	13	$	—		$	2,637	$	1,358	$	1,260	$	19
U.S. government agencies	1,665		2		(1		)	1,666		1,052		574		40
Non-U.S. government and agencies	3,714		21		(2		)	3,733		1,062		2,671		—
Corporate debt	4,083		51		(1		)	4,133		821		3,312		—
Other marketable securities	201		2		—			203		—		125		78
Total	$	12,287	$	89	$	(4	)	$	12,372	$	4,293	$	7,942	$	137

Sales proceeds and gross realized gains/losses from the sale of AFS debt securities for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter				First Nine Months
	2018		2019		2018		2019
Automotive
Sales proceeds	$	1,327	$	1,176	$	4,173	$	4,176
Gross realized gains	—		3		1		8
Gross realized losses	4		—		15		10

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 7. CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND MARKETABLE SECURITIES (Continued)

The present fair values and gross unrealized losses for cash equivalents and marketable securities accounted for as AFS debt securities that were in an unrealized loss position, aggregated by investment category and the length of time that individual securities have been in a continuous loss position, were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018
	Less than 1 Year					1 Year or Greater					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses

Automotive
U.S. government	$	199	$	(1	)	$	1,637	$	(9	)	$	1,836	$	(10	)
U.S. government agencies	193		(1		)	1,596		(17		)	1,789		(18		)
Non-U.S. government and agencies	341		(1		)	2,445		(36		)	2,786		(37		)
Corporate debt	1,816		(16		)	856		(17		)	2,672		(33		)
Other marketable securities	125		—			—		—			125		—
Total	$	2,674	$	(19	)	$	6,534	$	(79	)	$	9,208	$	(98	)

	September 30, 2019
	Less than 1 Year					1 Year or Greater					Total
	Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses			Fair Value		Unrealized Losses
Automotive
U.S. government	$	253	$	—		$	174	$	—		$	427	$	—
U.S. government agencies	171		(1		)	889		(1		)	1,060		(2		)
Non-U.S. government and agencies	401		—			816		(1		)	1,217		(1		)
Corporate debt	141		—			137		(1		)	278		(1		)
Other marketable securities	28		—			15		—			43		—
Total	$	994	$	(1	)	$	2,031	$	(3	)	$	3,025	$	(4	)

During the first nine months of 2018 and 2019, we did not recognize any other-than-temporary impairment loss.

Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash

Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash as reported in the consolidated statement of cash flows were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Cash and cash equivalents	$	16,718	$	20,523
Restricted cash (a)	189		158
Total cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	16,907	$	20,681

__________


(a)	Included in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES

Ford Credit manages finance receivables as “consumer” and “non-consumer” portfolios. The receivables are generally secured by the vehicles, inventory, or other property being financed. Finance receivables, net were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Consumer
Retail installment contracts, gross	$	70,874		$	68,559
Finance leases, gross	8,748			8,832
Retail financing, gross	79,622			77,391
Unearned interest supplements	(3,508		)	(3,595		)
Consumer finance receivables	76,114			73,796
Non-Consumer
Dealer financing	34,372			31,430
Non-Consumer finance receivables	34,372			31,430
Total recorded investment	$	110,486		$	105,226

Recorded investment in finance receivables	$	110,486		$	105,226
Allowance for credit losses	(589		)	(513		)
Finance receivables, net	$	109,897		$	104,713

Current portion	$	54,353		$	51,183
Non-current portion	55,544			53,530
Finance receivables, net	$	109,897		$	104,713

Net finance receivables subject to fair value (a)	$	101,471		$	96,244
Fair value (b)	100,877			96,499

__________


(a)	Net finance receivables subject to fair value exclude finance leases. Previously, certain consumer financing products in Europe were classified as retail installment contracts. We now classify these products as finance leases. Comparative information has been revised to reflect this change.


(b)	The fair value of finance receivables is categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.

Ford Credit’s finance leases are comprised of sales-type and direct financing leases. Ford Credit offers finance leases to individuals, leasing companies, government entities, daily rental companies, and fleet customers. These financings include primarily lease plans for terms of 24 to 60 months. Financing revenue from finance leases for the third quarter of 2018 and 2019 was $91 million and $90 million, respectively, and for the first nine months of 2018 and 2019 was $281 million and $279 million, respectively. Financing revenue from finance leases is included in Ford Credit revenues on the consolidated income statement.

The amounts contractually due on Ford Credit’s finance lease receivables were as follows (in millions):



	September 30, 2019
Within one year	$	2,032
After one year and within two years	1,980
After two years and within three years	1,534
After three years and within four years	708
After four years and within five years	114
After five years	2
Total future cash payments	6,370
Less: Present value discount	(316		)
Finance lease receivables	$	6,054

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

The reconciliation from finance lease receivables to finance leases, gross and finance leases, net is as follows (in millions):



	September 30, 2019
Finance lease receivables	$	6,054
Unguaranteed residual assets	2,653
Initial direct costs	125
Finance leases, gross	8,832
Unearned interest supplements from Ford and affiliated companies	(346		)
Allowance for credit losses	(17		)
Finance leases, net	$	8,469

At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, accrued uncollected interest was $264 million and $241 million, respectively, which is reported in Other assets in the current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

Included in the recorded investment in finance receivables at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, were consumer receivables of $40.7 billion and $37.8 billion, respectively, and non-consumer receivables of $25.7 billion and $24 billion, respectively, that have been sold for legal purposes in securitization transactions but continue to be reported in our consolidated financial statements. The receivables are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions.

Aging

For all finance receivables, Ford Credit defines “past due” as any payment, including principal and interest, that is at least 31 days past the contractual due date. The recorded investment of consumer receivables greater than 90 days past due and still accruing interest was $20 million at December 31, 2018. At September 30, 2019, there were no balances greater than 90 days past due that are still accruing interest.

The aging analysis of Ford Credit’s finance receivables balances was as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Consumer
31-60 days past due	$	859	$	741
61-90 days past due	123		110
91-120 days past due	39		39
Greater than 120 days past due	39		38
Total past due	1,060		928
Current	75,054		72,868
Consumer finance receivables	76,114		73,796
Non-Consumer
Total past due	76		70
Current	34,296		31,360
Non-Consumer finance receivables	34,372		31,430
Total recorded investment	$	110,486	$	105,226

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 8. FORD CREDIT FINANCE RECEIVABLES (Continued)

Credit Quality

Consumer Portfolio. Credit quality ratings for consumer receivables are based on aging. Consumer receivables credit quality ratings are as follows:


•	Pass – current to 60 days past due;


•	Special Mention – 61 to 120 days past due and in intensified collection status; and


•	Substandard – greater than 120 days past due and for which the uncollectible portion of the receivables has already been charged off, as measured using the fair value of collateral less costs to sell.

Non-Consumer Portfolio. Dealers are assigned to one of four groups according to risk ratings as follows:


•	Group I – strong to superior financial metrics;


•	Group II – fair to favorable financial metrics;


•	Group III – marginal to weak financial metrics; and


•	Group IV – poor financial metrics, including dealers classified as uncollectible.

The credit quality analysis of dealer financing receivables was as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Dealer Financing
Group I	$	27,032	$	24,594
Group II	5,635		4,733
Group III	1,576		2,012
Group IV	129		91
Total recorded investment	$	34,372	$	31,430

Impaired Receivables. Impaired consumer receivables include accounts that have been rewritten or modified in reorganization proceedings pursuant to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code that are considered to be Troubled Debt Restructurings (“TDRs”), as well as all accounts greater than 120 days past due. Impaired non-consumer receivables represent accounts with dealers that have weak or poor financial metrics or dealer financing that has been modified in TDRs. The recorded investment of consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019 was $370 million and $334 million, or 0.5% and 0.5% of consumer receivables, respectively. The recorded investment of non-consumer receivables that were impaired at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019 was $129 million and $91 million, or 0.4% and 0.3% of non-consumer receivables, respectively. Impaired finance receivables are evaluated both collectively and specifically.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 9. FORD CREDIT ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES

An analysis of the allowance for credit losses related to finance receivables for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2018									First Nine Months 2018
	Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total			Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	573		$	14		$	587		$	582		$	15		$	597
Charge-offs	(128		)	(43		)	(171		)	(382		)	(46		)	(428		)
Recoveries	40			4			44			126			6			132
Provision for credit losses	73			52			125			237			52			289
Other	1			—			1			(4		)	—			(4		)
Ending balance	$	559		$	27		$	586		$	559		$	27		$	586

Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance										$	538		$	14		$	552
Specific impairment allowance										21			13			34
Ending balance										559			27			586

Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
Collectively evaluated for impairment										$	76,315		$	31,588		$	107,903
Specifically evaluated for impairment										379			165			544
Recorded investment										76,694			31,753			108,447

Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses										$	76,135		$	31,726		$	107,861



	Third Quarter 2019									First Nine Months 2019
	Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total			Consumer			Non-Consumer			Total
Allowance for credit losses
Beginning balance	$	496		$	17		$	513		$	566		$	23		$	589
Charge-offs	(129		)	(1		)	(130		)	(383		)	(18		)	(401		)
Recoveries	41			—			41			129			8			137
Provision for credit losses	93			—			93			187			2			189
Other	(3		)	(1		)	(4		)	(1		)	—			(1		)
Ending balance	$	498		$	15		$	513		$	498		$	15		$	513

Analysis of ending balance of allowance for credit losses
Collective impairment allowance										$	479		$	13		$	492
Specific impairment allowance										19			2			21
Ending balance										498			15			513

Analysis of ending balance of finance receivables
Collectively evaluated for impairment										$	73,462		$	31,339		$	104,801
Specifically evaluated for impairment										334			91			425
Recorded investment										73,796			31,430			105,226

Ending balance, net of allowance for credit losses										$	73,298		$	31,415		$	104,713

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 10. INVENTORIES

Inventories were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Raw materials, work-in-process, and supplies	$	4,536	$	4,524
Finished products	6,684		7,927
Total inventories	$	11,220	$	12,451

NOTE 11. NET INVESTMENT IN OPERATING LEASES

Net investment in operating leases consists primarily of lease contracts for vehicles with individuals, daily rental companies, government entities, and fleet customers. Assets subject to operating leases are depreciated using the straight-line method over the term of the lease to reduce the asset to its estimated residual value. Estimated residual values are based on assumptions for used vehicle prices at lease termination and the number of vehicles that are expected to be returned.

The net investment in operating leases was as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Automotive Segment
Vehicles, net of depreciation	$	1,705		$	1,960
Ford Credit Segment
Vehicles and other equipment, at cost (a)	33,557			33,298
Accumulated depreciation	(6,143		)	(5,806		)
Total Ford Credit Segment	27,414			27,492
Total	$	29,119		$	29,452

__________

(a)

Includes Ford Credit’s operating lease assets of $16.3 billion and $12.7 billion at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, that have been included in securitization transactions. These net investments in operating leases are available only for payment of the debt or other obligations issued or arising in the securitization transactions; they are not available to pay other obligations or the claims of other creditors.

Ford Credit Segment

Included in Ford Credit revenues are rents on operating leases. The amounts contractually due for minimum rentals on operating leases at December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):



	2019		2020		2021		2022		2023		Total
Minimum rentals on operating leases	$	4,708	$	2,929	$	1,083	$	83	$	6	$	8,809

The amounts contractually due on operating leases at September 30, 2019 were as follows (in millions):



	Within one year		After one year and within two years		After two years and within three years		After three years and within four years		After four years and within five years		Total
Operating lease payments	$	4,702	$	2,917	$	1,014	$	72	$	5	$	8,710

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 12. OTHER INVESTMENTS

We have investments in entities for which we do not have the ability to exercise significant influence and fair values are not readily available. We record these investments at cost (less impairment, if any), adjusted for observable price changes in orderly transactions for the identical or a similar investment of the same issuer. We report the carrying value of these investments in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet. These investments were $250 million and $846 million at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively. The increase from December 31, 2018 primarily reflects the $500 million investment in Rivian we made during the second quarter of 2019, as well as adjustments for observable price events, none of which were material.

NOTE 13. GOODWILL

The net carrying amount of goodwill was $264 million and $291 million at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, and is reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet. The increase from December 31, 2018 primarily reflects the acquisition of Journey Holding Corporation in the third quarter of 2019.

NOTE 14. OTHER LIABILITIES AND DEFERRED REVENUE

Other liabilities and deferred revenue were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Current
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims	$	11,369	$	11,578
Deferred revenue	2,095		2,570
Employee benefit plans	1,755		1,912
Accrued interest	988		865
OPEB (a)	339		341
Pension (a)	204		201
Operating lease liabilities	—		309
Other	3,806		3,955
Total current other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	20,556	$	21,731
Non-current
Pension (a)	$	9,423	$	8,860
OPEB (a)	5,220		5,186
Dealer and dealers’ customer allowances and claims	2,497		2,117
Deferred revenue	3,985		4,168
Operating lease liabilities	—		958
Employee benefit plans	1,080		1,133
Other	1,383		1,307
Total non-current other liabilities and deferred revenue	$	23,588	$	23,729

__________

(a)

Balances at September 30, 2019 reflect pension and OPEB liabilities at December 31, 2018, updated for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, settlement gain and associated interim remeasurement (where applicable), separation expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. For plans without interim remeasurement, the discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2018. Included in Other assets are pension assets of $3.3 billion and $3.7 billion at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 15. RETIREMENT BENEFITS

Defined Benefit Plans - Expense

The pre-tax net periodic benefit cost/(income) for our defined benefit pension and OPEB plans for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Worldwide OPEB
	2018			2019			2018			2019			2018			2019
Service cost	$	136		$	121		$	146		$	125		$	13		$	11
Interest cost	367			381			168			170			49			53
Expected return on assets	(721		)	(674		)	(318		)	(277		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	36			22			6			8			(27		)	(18		)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss	—			263			—			43			—			—
Separation programs/other	15			7			47			78			—			—
Settlements and curtailments	—			(16		)	—			(19		)	—			—
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)	$	(167	)	$	104		$	49		$	128		$	35		$	46

	First Nine Months
	Pension Benefits
	U.S. Plans						Non-U.S. Plans						Worldwide OPEB
	2018			2019			2018			2019			2018			2019
Service cost	$	408		$	349		$	449		$	381		$	40		$	33
Interest cost	1,100			1,199			517			519			147			158
Expected return on assets	(2,165		)	(1,972		)	(981		)	(844		)	—			—
Amortization of prior service costs/(credits)	107			65			19			25			(82		)	(53		)
Net remeasurement (gain)/loss	(26		)	253			—			43			—			—
Separation programs/other	29			8			65			322			1			—
Settlements and curtailments	(15		)	(66		)	—			(19		)	—			—
Net periodic benefit cost/(income)	$	(562	)	$	(164	)	$	69		$	427		$	106		$	138

The service cost component is included in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Other components of net periodic benefit cost/(income) are included in Other income/(loss), net on our consolidated income statement.

As part of our ongoing global redesign activities, we recognized additional pension expense of $85 million and $330 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, related to separation programs. In addition, in the third quarter, we recognized settlements and curtailments, which required plan remeasurements at current discount rates, asset returns, and economic conditions. This resulted in remeasurement losses of $306 million and $296 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively. Additionally, we recognized settlement and curtailment gains of $35 million and $85 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively. Until our global redesign actions are completed, we anticipate further adjustments to our plans in subsequent periods.

Pension Plan Contributions

During 2019, we expect to contribute about $750 million (most of which are mandatory contributions) from cash and cash equivalents to our worldwide funded pension plans and to make about $350 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans, for a total of about $1.1 billion. In the first nine months of 2019, we contributed $611 million (including $140 million in discretionary contributions in the United States) to our worldwide funded pension plans and made $253 million of benefit payments to participants in unfunded plans.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16. LEASE COMMITMENTS

We lease land, dealership facilities, offices, distribution centers, warehouses, and equipment under agreements with contractual periods ranging from less than one year to 40 years. Many of our leases contain one or more options to extend. In certain dealership lease agreements, we are the tenant and we sublease the site to a dealer. In the event the sublease is terminated, we have the option to terminate the head lease. We include options that we are reasonably certain to exercise in our evaluation of the lease term after considering all relevant economic and financial factors.

Leases that are economically similar to the purchase of an asset are classified as finance leases. The leased (“right-of-use”) assets in finance lease arrangements are reported in Net property on our consolidated balance sheet. Otherwise, the leases are classified as operating leases and reported in Other assets in the non-current assets section of our consolidated balance sheet.

For the majority of our leases commencing after January 1, 2019, we do not separate the non-lease components (e.g., maintenance and operating services) from the lease components to which they relate. Instead, non-lease components are included in the measurement of the lease liabilities. However, we do separate lease and non-lease components for contracts containing a significant service component (e.g., energy performance contracts). We calculate the initial lease liability as the present value of fixed payments not yet paid and variable payments that are based on a market rate or an index (e.g., CPI), measured at commencement. The majority of our leases are discounted using our incremental borrowing rate because the rate implicit in the lease is not readily determinable. All other variable payments are expensed as incurred.

Lease right-of-use assets and liabilities at September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	September 30, 2019
Operating leases
Other assets, non-current	$	1,264

Other liabilities and deferred revenue, current	$	309
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, non-current	958
Total operating lease liabilities	$	1,267

Finance leases
Property and equipment, gross	$	227
Accumulated depreciation	(40		)
Property and equipment, net	$	187

Automotive debt payable within one year	$	88
Automotive long-term debt	68
Total finance lease liabilities	$	156

Minimum non-cancellable operating lease commitments at December 31, 2018 were as follows (in millions):



	Operating Leases
2019	$	363
2020	271
2021	193
2022	141
2023	106
Thereafter	437
Total	$	1,511

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 16. LEASE COMMITMENTS (Continued)

The amounts contractually due on our lease liabilities as of September 30, 2019 were as follows (in millions):



	Operating Leases		Finance Leases (a)
Within one year	$	347	$	93
After one year and within two years	258		25
After two years and within three years	185		19
After three years and within four years	141		15
After four years and within five years	110		8
After five years	394		6
Total	1,435		166
Less: Present value discount	168		10
Total lease liabilities	$	1,267	$	156

__________


(a)	Excludes approximately $400 million in future lease payments for a 20-year finance lease commencing in a future period.

Supplemental cash flow information related to leases for the period ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	First Nine Months 2019
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities
Operating cash flows from operating leases	$	320
Operating cash flows from finance leases	4
Financing cash flows from finance leases	25
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease liabilities
Operating leases	$	245
Finance leases	16

The components of lease expense for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2019			First Nine Months 2019
Operating lease expense	$	108		$	328
Variable lease expense	15			46
Sublease income	(5		)	(13		)
Finance lease expense
Amortization of right-of-use assets	3			10
Interest on lease liabilities	1			4
Total lease expense	$	122		$	375

The weighted average remaining lease term and weighted average discount rate at September 30 were as follows:



	September 30, 2019
Weighted average remaining lease term (years)
Operating leases	6.7
Finance leases	2.9
Weighted average discount rate
Operating leases	3.5	%
Finance leases	3.5	%

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 17. DEBT

The carrying value of Automotive, Ford Credit, and Other debt was as follows (in millions):



Automotive	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Debt payable within one year
Short-term	$	614		$	512
Long-term payable within one year
U.S. Department of Energy Advanced Technology Vehicles Manufacturing (“DOE ATVM”) Incentive Program	591			591
Other debt	1,125			519
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(16		)	—
Total debt payable within one year	2,314			1,622
Long-term debt payable after one year
Public unsecured debt securities (a)	9,033			9,783
DOE ATVM Incentive Program	1,470			1,027
Delayed draw term loan (b)	—			1,500
Other debt	1,026			562
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(224		)	(164		)
Unamortized issuance costs	(72		)	(93		)
Total long-term debt payable after one year	11,233			12,615
Total Automotive	$	13,547		$	14,237
Fair value of Automotive debt (c)	$	13,319		$	14,806
Ford Credit
Debt payable within one year
Short-term	$	14,705		$	13,541
Long-term payable within one year
Unsecured debt	14,373			14,854
Asset-backed debt	22,130			24,496
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	2			—
Unamortized issuance costs	(16		)	(19		)
Fair value adjustments (d)	(15		)	(20		)
Total debt payable within one year	51,179			52,852
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt	52,409			55,651
Asset-backed debt	36,844			30,209
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	—			(2		)
Unamortized issuance costs	(195		)	(200		)
Fair value adjustments (d)	(171		)	764
Total long-term debt payable after one year	88,887			86,422
Total Ford Credit	$	140,066		$	139,274
Fair value of Ford Credit debt (c)	$	138,809		$	140,110
Other
Long-term debt payable within one year	$	—		$	130
Long-term debt payable after one year
Unsecured debt	604			474
Adjustments
Unamortized (discount)/premium	(3		)	(3		)
Unamortized issuance costs	(1		)	(1		)
Total long-term debt payable after one year	600			470
Total Other	$	600		$	600
Fair value of Other debt	$	697		$	709

__________


(a)	Public unsecured debt securities increased by $750 million reflecting our unsecured debt (retail bond) issuance in the second quarter of 2019.


(b)	We drew $500 million in the second quarter of 2019 and $1 billion in the third quarter of 2019 under our delayed draw term loan facility.


(c)	The fair value of debt includes $458 million and $396 million of Automotive segment short-term debt and $13.8 billion and $12.7 billion of Ford Credit segment short-term debt at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively, carried at cost, which approximates fair value. All other debt is categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.


(d)	These adjustments relate to designated fair value hedges. The carrying value of hedged debt was $38 billion and $39.3 billion at December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES

In the normal course of business, our operations are exposed to global market risks, including the effect of changes in foreign currency exchange rates, certain commodity prices, and interest rates. To manage these risks, we enter into highly effective derivative contracts. We have elected to apply hedge accounting to certain derivatives. Derivatives that are designated in hedging relationships are evaluated for effectiveness using regression analysis at the time they are designated and throughout the hedge period. Some derivatives do not qualify for hedge accounting; for others, we elect not to apply hedge accounting.

Income Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

The gains/(losses), by hedge designation, reported in income for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
Cash flow hedges (a)	2018			2019			2018			2019
Reclassified from AOCI to Cost of sales
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	45		$	(8	)	$	50		$	90
Commodity contracts	—			(10		)	—			(21		)
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts
Net interest settlements and accruals on hedging instruments	(5		)	—			19			(32		)
Fair value changes on hedging instruments	(102		)	203			(531		)	927
Fair value changes on hedged debt	110			(194		)	521			(910		)
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts (b)	(10		)	347			290			324
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	(75		)	(257		)	(258		)	(261		)
Interest rate contracts	9			18			(28		)	(12		)
Commodity contracts	(24		)	(8		)	(62		)	(9		)
Total	$	(52	)	$	91		$	1		$	96

__________

(a)

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, a $91 million loss and a $30 million gain, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax related to foreign currency exchange contracts. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, a $68 million loss and a $384 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax related to foreign currency exchange contracts. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, a $32 million loss and $58 million loss, respectively, were reported in Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax related to commodity contracts.

(b)

For the third quarter and first nine months of 2018, a $16 million loss and a $186 million gain were reported in Cost of sales and a $6 million gain and a $104 million gain were reported in Other income/(loss), net, respectively. For the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, a $193 million gain and a $136 million gain were reported in Cost of sales and a $154 million gain and $188 million gain were reported in Other income/(loss), net, respectively.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 18. DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING ACTIVITIES (Continued)

Balance Sheet Effect of Derivative Financial Instruments

Derivative assets and liabilities are reported on our consolidated balance sheet at fair value and are presented on a gross basis. The notional amounts of the derivative instruments do not necessarily represent amounts exchanged by the parties and are not a direct measure of our financial exposure. We also enter into master agreements with counterparties that may allow for netting of exposures in the event of default or breach of the counterparty agreement. Collateral represents cash received or paid under reciprocal arrangements that we have entered into with our derivative counterparties which we do not use to offset our derivative assets and liabilities.

The fair value of our derivative instruments and the associated notional amounts, presented gross, were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018						September 30, 2019
	Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities		Notional		Fair Value of Assets		Fair Value of Liabilities
Cash flow hedges
Foreign currency exchange contracts	$	15,972	$	391	$	110	$	13,849	$	113	$	208
Commodity contracts	327		—		20		559		—		56
Fair value hedges
Interest rate contracts	22,989		158		208		25,235		789		10
Derivatives not designated as hedging instruments
Foreign currency exchange contracts	20,695		202		99		22,383		340		154
Cross-currency interest rate swap contracts	5,235		232		157		7,203		127		319
Interest rate contracts	76,904		235		274		64,523		271		290
Commodity contracts	638		3		45		426		2		18
Total derivative financial instruments, gross (a) (b)	$	142,760	$	1,221	$	913	$	134,178	$	1,642	$	1,055

Current portion			$	681	$	601			$	590	$	795
Non-current portion			540		312				1,052		260
Total derivative financial instruments, gross			$	1,221	$	913			$	1,642	$	1,055

__________


(a)	At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, we held collateral of $19 million and $24 million, and we posted collateral of $59 million and $100 million, respectively.


(b)	At December 31, 2018 and September 30, 2019, the fair value of assets and liabilities available for counterparty netting was $434 million and $536 million, respectively. All derivatives are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 19. EMPLOYEE SEPARATION ACTIONS AND EXIT AND DISPOSAL ACTIVITIES

We record costs associated with voluntary separations at the time of employee acceptance, unless the acceptance requires explicit approval by the Company. We record costs associated with involuntary separation programs when management has approved the plan for separation, the affected employees are identified, and it is unlikely that actions required to complete the separation plan will change significantly. Costs associated with benefits that are contingent on the employee continuing to provide service are accrued over the required service period.

Automotive Segment

As announced, we are executing a global redesign of our business. Redesign-related activities, including employee separation costs, payments to dealers and suppliers, and other charges, are recorded in Cost of sales and Selling, administrative, and other expenses. Below are actions we have initiated as part of the redesign.

Brazil. On February 15, 2019, Ford Motor Company Brasil Ltda. (“Ford Brazil”), our subsidiary in Brazil, committed to a plan to exit the commercial heavy truck business in South America. As a result, Ford Brazil will cease production at the São Bernardo do Campo plant in Brazil during 2019.

Russia. On March 27, 2019, Ford Sollers Netherlands B.V. (“Ford Sollers”), a joint venture between Ford and Sollers PJSC (“Sollers”) in which Ford had control, announced its plan to restructure its business in Russia to focus exclusively on commercial vehicles and to exit the passenger car segment. As a result of these actions, Ford acquired 100% ownership of Ford Sollers and ceased production at the Naberezhnye Chelny and St. Petersburg vehicle assembly plants and the Elabuga engine plant during the second quarter of 2019.

Subsequent to completion of the restructuring actions, in July 2019, Ford sold a 51% controlling interest in the restructured entity to Sollers, which resulted in deconsolidation of our Ford Sollers subsidiary. Our continued involvement in Ford Sollers is accounted for as an equity method investment.

United Kingdom. On June 5, 2019, Ford Motor Company Limited (“Ford of Britain”), a subsidiary of Ford, announced its plan to exit the Ford Bridgend plant in South Wales in 2020.

India. In the third quarter of 2019, Ford committed to a plan to sell specific assets in our India Automotive operations. See Note 21 for more information concerning this plan.

Other Global Redesign Actions. In 2018, we announced our plan to end production at the Ford Aquitaine Industries plant in Bordeaux, France, and in March 2019, we announced our plan to phase-out the production of the C-Max at the Saarlouis Body and Assembly Plant in Germany. Furthermore, we are reducing our global workforce and taking other restructuring actions.

The following table summarizes the redesign-related activities for the periods ended September 30, which are recorded in Other liabilities and deferred revenue (in millions):



	Third Quarter 2019			First Nine Months 2019
Beginning balance	$	929		$	291
Changes in accruals (a)	173			1,181
Payments	(334		)	(692		)
Foreign currency translation	(39		)	(51		)
Ending balance	$	729		$	729

__________

(a) Excludes pension costs of $49 million and $244 million in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively.

We also recorded $821 million and $1.4 billion in the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, respectively, for the impairment of our held-for-sale India Automotive operations, accelerated depreciation, and other non-cash items. We estimate that we will incur total charges in 2019 that range between $3 billion and $3.5 billion related to the actions above, primarily attributable to employee separations, the impairment of our held-for-sale India Automotive operations, accelerated depreciation, and dealer and supplier settlements.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 20. REDEEMABLE NONCONTROLLING INTEREST

We formed the Ford Sollers joint venture with Sollers in October 2011 to operate in Russia. The value of the redeemable noncontrolling interest, reflecting redemption features embedded in the 50% equity interest in the joint venture held by Sollers, reported in the mezzanine section of our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018 was $100 million. The redeemable noncontrolling interest became exercisable beginning on January 1, 2019, and Sollers exercised its option in March 2019 for a value of $135 million. The $35 million increase in value from December 2018 was reported in Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests on our consolidated income statement during the first quarter of 2019. We purchased the noncontrolling interest from Sollers in the second quarter of 2019, derecognized the redeemable noncontrolling interest balance, and restructured our Russian operations. Subsequent to completion of the restructuring actions, in July 2019, we sold a 51% controlling interest in our restructured operations to Sollers, which resulted in deconsolidation of our Ford Sollers subsidiary. See Note 19 for more information concerning the restructuring of our business in Russia.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 21. HELD-FOR-SALE OPERATIONS

Automotive Segment

In the third quarter of 2019, we committed to a plan to sell specific assets in our India Automotive operations. We entered into a definitive agreement to form a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited (“Mahindra”), with Mahindra owning a 51% controlling stake and Ford owning a 49% stake. Under the terms of the transaction, which is expected to close in the next twelve months, we will sell certain India Automotive operations to the joint venture. Accordingly, we have reported the assets and liabilities of these operations as held for sale and ceased depreciation and amortization of those assets.

The assets and liabilities of our India Automotive operations classified as held for sale were as follows (in millions):



	September 30, 2019
Assets
Trade and other receivables, net	$	286
Inventories	289
Other assets, current	149
Net property	280
Other assets, non-current	12
Total assets of held-for-sale operations	1,016
Less: Intercompany asset balances	(204		)
Consolidated total assets of held-for-sale operations (a)	$	812

Liabilities
Payables	$	573
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, current	74
Automotive debt payable within one year	92
Other liabilities and deferred revenue, non-current	28
Total liabilities of held-for-sale operations	767
Less: Intercompany liability balances	(243		)
Consolidated total liabilities of held-for-sale operations (a)	$	524

__________


(a)	As of September 30, 2019, intercompany items and transactions have been eliminated in the consolidated balance sheet. Upon closing, the buyer will assume the intercompany assets and liabilities. Accordingly, we have presented those balances in the table for informational purposes.

We recognized a pre-tax impairment charge of $799 million reported in Cost of sales in the third quarter of 2019 to adjust the carrying value of the held-for-sale assets to fair value less cost to sell. The value is measured on a nonrecurring basis and categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We determined fair value using a market approach, estimated based on expected proceeds to be received, which we conclude is most representative of the value of the assets given the current market conditions, the characteristics of viable market participants, and the pending sales transaction. The transaction is subject to regulatory approvals and satisfaction of other closing conditions that may impact the final proceeds received.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 22. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME/(LOSS)

The changes in the balances for each component of accumulated other comprehensive income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company for the periods ended September 30 were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Foreign currency translation
Beginning balance	$	(4,577	)	$	(4,684	)	$	(4,277	)	$	(4,800	)
Gains/(Losses) on foreign currency translation	(136		)	(301		)	(419		)	(169		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(2		)	58			17			74
Net gains/(losses) on foreign currency translation	(134		)	(359		)	(436		)	(243		)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (a)	1			(1		)	3			(1		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(133		)	(360		)	(433		)	(244		)
Ending balance	$	(4,710	)	$	(5,044	)	$	(4,710	)	$	(5,044	)

Marketable securities
Beginning balance	$	(103	)	$	63		$	(48	)	$	(59	)
Gains/(Losses) on available for sale securities	(7		)	15			(91		)	169
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(1		)	4			(22		)	40
Net gains/(losses) on available for sale securities	(6		)	11			(69		)	129
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	4			(3		)	14			2
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	—			—			2			1
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	4			(3		)	12			1
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(2		)	8			(57		)	130
Ending balance	$	(105	)	$	71		$	(105	)	$	71

Derivative instruments
Beginning balance	$	103		$	(128	)	$	18		$	201
Gains/(Losses) on derivative instruments	(91		)	(100		)	30			(442		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(21		)	(17		)	8			(95		)
Net gains/(losses) on derivative instruments	(70		)	(83		)	22			(347		)
(Gains)/Losses reclassified from AOCI to net income	(45		)	18			(50		)	(69		)
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	(12		)	4			(10		)	(18		)
Net (gains)/losses reclassified from AOCI to net income (b)	(33		)	14			(40		)	(51		)
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	(103		)	(69		)	(18		)	(398		)
Ending balance	$	—		$	(197	)	$	—		$	(197	)

Pension and other postretirement benefits
Beginning balance	$	(2,627	)	$	(2,687	)	$	(2,652	)	$	(2,708	)
Amortization and recognition of prior service costs/(credits)	15			12			44			37
Less: Tax/(Tax benefit)	2			2			8			7
Net prior service costs/(credits) reclassified from AOCI to net income	13			10			36			30
Translation impact on non-U.S. plans	—			5			2			6
Other comprehensive income/(loss), net of tax	13			15			38			36
Ending balance	$	(2,614	)	$	(2,672	)	$	(2,614	)	$	(2,672	)

Total AOCI ending balance at September 30	$	(7,429	)	$	(7,842	)	$	(7,429	)	$	(7,842	)

__________


(a)	Reclassified to Other income/(loss), net.


(b)	Reclassified to Cost of sales. During the next twelve months we expect to reclassify existing net losses on cash flow hedges of $137 million. See Note 18 for additional information.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

Commitments and contingencies primarily consist of guarantees and indemnifications, litigation and claims, and warranty and field service actions.

Guarantees and Indemnifications

The maximum potential payments and the carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities were as follows (in millions):



	December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Maximum potential payments	$	1,163	$	874
Carrying value of recorded liabilities related to guarantees and limited indemnities	351		278

Guarantees and indemnifications are recorded at fair value at their inception. We regularly review our performance risk under these arrangements, and in the event it becomes probable we will be required to perform under a guarantee or indemnity, the amount of probable payment is recorded.

We guarantee the resale value of vehicles sold in certain arrangements to daily rental companies. The maximum potential payment of $734 million as of September 30, 2019, included in the table above, represents the total proceeds we guarantee the rental company will receive on re-sale. Reflecting our present estimate of proceeds the rental companies will receive on resale from third parties, we have recorded $243 million as our best estimate of the amount we will have to pay under the guarantee.

We also guarantee debt and lease obligations of certain joint ventures, as well as certain financial obligations of outside third parties, including suppliers, to support our business and economic growth. Expiration dates vary through 2033, and guarantees will terminate on payment and/or cancellation of the underlying obligation. A payment by us would be triggered by failure of the joint venture or other third party to fulfill its obligation covered by the guarantee. In some circumstances, we are entitled to recover from a third party amounts paid by us under the guarantee. However, our ability to enforce these rights is sometimes stayed until the guaranteed party is paid in full, and may be limited in the event of insolvency of the third party or other circumstances.

In the ordinary course of business, we execute contracts involving indemnifications standard in the industry and indemnifications specific to a transaction, such as the sale of a business. These indemnifications might include and are not limited to claims relating to any of the following: environmental, tax, and shareholder matters; intellectual property rights; power generation contracts; governmental regulations and employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other commercial contractual relationships; and financial matters, such as securitizations. Performance under these indemnities generally would be triggered by a breach of terms of the contract or by a third-party claim. While some of these indemnifications are limited in nature, many of them do not limit potential payment. Therefore, we are unable to estimate a maximum amount of future payments that could result from claims made under these unlimited indemnities.

Litigation and Claims

Various legal actions, proceedings, and claims (generally, “matters”) are pending or may be instituted or asserted against us. These include, but are not limited to, matters arising out of alleged defects in our products; product warranties; governmental regulations relating to safety, emissions, and fuel economy or other matters; government incentives; tax matters; alleged illegal acts resulting in fines or penalties; financial services; employment-related matters; dealer, supplier, and other contractual relationships; intellectual property rights; environmental matters; shareholder or investor matters; and financial reporting matters. Certain of the pending legal actions are, or purport to be, class actions. Some of the matters involve or may involve claims for compensatory, punitive, or antitrust or other treble damages in very large amounts, or demands for field service actions, environmental remediation programs, sanctions, loss of government incentives, assessments, or other relief, which, if granted, would require very large expenditures.

The extent of our financial exposure to these matters is difficult to estimate. Many matters do not specify a dollar amount for damages, and many others specify only a jurisdictional minimum. To the extent an amount is asserted, our historical experience suggests that in most instances the amount asserted is not a reliable indicator of the ultimate outcome.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 23. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Continued)

We accrue for matters when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable. In evaluating matters for accrual and disclosure purposes, we take into consideration factors such as our historical experience with matters of a similar nature, the specific facts and circumstances asserted, the likelihood that we will prevail, and the severity of any potential loss. We reevaluate and update our accruals as matters progress over time.

For the majority of matters, which generally arise out of alleged defects in our products, we establish an accrual based on our extensive historical experience with similar matters. We do not believe there is a reasonably possible outcome materially in excess of our accrual for these matters.

For the remaining matters, where our historical experience with similar matters is of more limited value (i.e., “non-pattern matters”), we evaluate the matters primarily based on the individual facts and circumstances. For non-pattern matters, we evaluate whether there is a reasonable possibility of a material loss in excess of any accrual that can be estimated. Our estimate of reasonably possible loss in excess of our accruals for all material matters currently reflects indirect tax and customs matters, for which we estimate the aggregate risk to be a range of up to about $500 million. In addition, we have a reasonably possible risk of loss for an emission matter. At this stage, we cannot estimate the risk of loss or predict the outcome, and cannot provide reasonable assurance that it will not have a material adverse effect on us.

As noted, the litigation process is subject to many uncertainties, and the outcome of individual matters is not predictable with assurance. Our assessments are based on our knowledge and experience, but the ultimate outcome of any matter could require payment substantially in excess of the amount that we have accrued and/or disclosed.

Warranty and Field Service Actions

We accrue obligations for warranty costs and field service actions (i.e., safety recalls, emission recalls, and other product campaigns) at the time of sale using a patterned estimation model that includes historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. Warranty and field service action obligations are reported in Other liabilities and deferred revenue. We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

We recognize the benefit from a recovery of the costs associated with our warranty and field service actions when specifics of the recovery have been agreed with our supplier and the amount of recovery is virtually certain. Recoveries are reported in Trade and other receivables and Other assets.

The estimate of our future warranty and field service action costs, net of estimated supplier recoveries, for the periods ended September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	First Nine Months
	2018			2019
Beginning balance	$	5,296		$	5,137
Payments made during the period	(3,107		)	(3,395		)
Changes in accrual related to warranties issued during the period	1,832			2,180
Changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties	792			1,355
Foreign currency translation and other	(103		)	(57		)
Ending balance	$	4,710		$	5,220

Revisions to our estimated costs are reported as changes in accrual related to pre-existing warranties in the table above.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 24. SEGMENT INFORMATION

Below is a description of our reportable segments and other activities.

Automotive Segment

Our Automotive segment primarily includes the sale of Ford and Lincoln vehicles, service parts, and accessories worldwide, together with the associated costs to develop, manufacture, distribute, and service the vehicles, parts, and accessories. This segment includes revenues and costs related to our electrification vehicle programs. The segment includes the following regional business units: North America, South America, Europe, China, Asia Pacific Operations, and Middle East & Africa.

Mobility Segment

Our Mobility segment primarily includes development costs related to our autonomous vehicles and our investment in mobility through Ford Smart Mobility LLC (“FSM”). Autonomous vehicles includes self-driving systems development and vehicle integration, autonomous vehicle research and advanced engineering, autonomous vehicle transportation-as-a-service network development, user experience, and business strategy and business development teams. FSM designs and builds mobility products and subscription services on its own, and collaborates with service providers and technology companies. In 2019, we began recording in the Mobility segment subscription related income previously reported in the Automotive segment. This income is generated from services managed in our Mobility segment.

Ford Credit Segment

The Ford Credit segment is comprised of the Ford Credit business on a consolidated basis, which is primarily vehicle-related financing and leasing activities.

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise, and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. The underlying assets and liabilities associated with these activities remain with the respective Automotive and Mobility segments.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt is presented as a separate reconciling item and consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. The underlying liability is reported in the Automotive segment and in Corporate Other.

Special Items

Special Items are presented as a separate reconciling item. They consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel expenses, dealer-related costs, and facility-related charges stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. Our management excludes these items from its review of the results of the operating segments for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources. We also report these special items separately to help investors track amounts related to these activities and to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results.

Item 1. Financial Statements (Continued)

FORD MOTOR COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES

NOTES TO THE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

NOTE 24. SEGMENT INFORMATION (Continued)

Key financial information for the periods ended or at September 30 was as follows (in millions):



	Automotive			Mobility			Ford Credit		Corporate Other			Interest on Debt			Special Items			Adjustments				Total
Third Quarter 2018
Revenues	$	34,660		$	8		$	2,998	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	37,666
Income/(loss) before income taxes	1,402			(196		)	678		(216		)	(343		)	(231		)	—				1,094
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	(40		)	—			8		—			—			—			—				(32		)
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash	23,595			56			12,884		—			—			—			—				36,535
Total assets	102,615			510			159,976		—			—			—			(4,135		)	(a)	258,966

Third Quarter 2019
Revenues	$	33,931		$	14		$	3,045	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	36,990
Income/(loss) before income taxes	1,329			(290		)	736		18			(276		)	(1,536		)	—				(19		)
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	(27		)	2			9		—			—			—			—				(16		)
Cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash	22,194			135			15,160		—			—			—			—				37,489
Total assets	101,865			1,193			160,322		—			—			—			(5,223		)	(a)	258,157

	Automotive			Mobility			Ford Credit		Corporate Other			Interest on Debt			Special Items			Adjustments				Total
First Nine Months 2018
Revenues	$	109,577		$	18		$	8,950	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	118,545
Income/(loss) before income taxes	4,291			(479		)	1,964		(231		)	(933		)	(250		)	—				4,362
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	232			—			20		—			—			—			—				252

First Nine Months 2019
Revenues	$	106,928		$	26		$	9,231	$	—		$	—		$	—		$	—			$	116,185
Income/(loss) before income taxes	4,711			(842		)	2,368		(343		)	(765		)	(3,333		)	—				1,796
Equity in net income/(loss) of affiliated companies	62			11			23		—			—			—			—				96

__________


(a)	Includes eliminations of intersegment transactions occurring in the ordinary course of business and deferred tax netting.

ITEM 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Net income attributable to Ford Motor Company was $425 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $1.7 billion in the first nine months of 2019. Company adjusted EBIT was $1.8 billion in the third quarter of 2019 and $5.9 billion in the first nine months of 2019.

Net income includes certain items (“special items”) that are excluded from Company Adjusted EBIT. These items are discussed in more detail in Note 24 of the Notes to the Financial Statements. We report special items separately to allow investors analyzing our results to identify certain infrequent significant items that they may wish to exclude when considering the trend of ongoing operating results. Our pre-tax and tax special items were as follows (in millions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Global Redesign
South America incl. São Bernardo do Campo closure	$	(8	)	$	(43	)	$	(34	)	$	(479	)
Europe excl. Russia	(77		)	(215		)	(102		)	(1,039		)
Russia	—			24			—			(358		)
India	—			(799		)	—			(799		)
Separations and Other (not included above)	(139		)	(10		)	(139		)	(93		)
Subtotal Global Redesign	$	(224	)	$	(1,043	)	$	(275	)	$	(2,768	)
Other Items
Focus cancellation	$	(7	)	$	—		$	(16	)	$	(72	)
Chariot closure	—			—			—			(11		)
Transit Connect customs ruling	—			(187		)	—			(187		)
Subtotal Other Items	$	(7	)	$	(187	)	$	(16	)	$	(270	)
Pension and OPEB Gain / (Loss)
Other pension remeasurement	$	—		$	(306	)	$	26		$	(295	)
Pension curtailment	—			—			15			—
Subtotal Pension and OPEB Gain / (Loss)	$	—		$	(306	)	$	41		$	(295	)
Total EBIT Special Items	$	(231	)	$	(1,536	)	$	(250	)	$	(3,333	)

Cash effect of Global Redesign (incl. separations)	$	(45	)	$	(334	)	$	(79	)	$	(692	)

Tax special items	$	48		$	605		$	53		$	828

We recorded $1.5 billion of special item charges in the third quarter of 2019 with cash effects of $334 million. Actions related to our Global Redesign accounted for $1 billion of the special items, including $799 million for an impairment charge related to fixed assets in our India Automotive operations. We plan to sell these assets to an unconsolidated joint venture in India we are creating with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited. Special item charges also included $306 million for non-cash pension remeasurement losses and $187 million for the Transit Connect customs ruling.

In Note 24 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, special items are reflected as a separate reconciling item, as opposed to being allocated among the Automotive, Mobility, and Ford Credit segments. This reflects the fact that management excludes these items from its review of operating segment results for purposes of measuring segment profitability and allocating resources.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

COMPANY KEY METRICS

The table below shows our third quarter and year-to-date 2019 key metrics for the Company, compared to a year ago.



	Third Quarter							First Nine Months
	2018		2019		H / (L)			2018		2019		H / (L)
GAAP Financial Measures
Cash Flows from Operating Activities ($B)	$	5.2	$	4.7	$	(0.4	)	$	13.7	$	14.7	$	1.1
Revenue ($B)	37.6		37.0		(2) %			118.5		116.2		(2) %
Net Income ($B)	1.0		0.4		(0.6		)	3.8		1.7		(2.1		)
Net Income Margin (%)	2.6 %		1.1 %		(1.5) ppts			3.2 %		1.5 %		(1.7) ppts
EPS (Diluted)	$	0.25	$	0.11	$	(0.14	)	$	0.95	$	0.43	$	(0.52	)

Non-GAAP Financial Measures *
Company Adj. Free Cash Flow ($B)	$	0.1	$	0.2	$	0.1		$	1.3	$	2.3	$	1.0
Company Adj. EBIT ($B)	1.7		1.8		0.1			5.5		5.9		0.3
Company Adj. EBIT Margin (%)	4.4 %		4.8 %		0.4 ppts			4.7 %		5.1 %		0.4 ppts
Adjusted EPS (Diluted)	$	0.29	$	0.34	$	0.05		$	1.00	$	1.06	$	0.06
Adjusted ROIC (Trailing Four Qtrs)	8.2 %		9.0 %		0.8 ppts


*	See Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.

In the third quarter of 2019, our diluted earnings per share of Common and Class B Stock was $0.11 and our diluted adjusted earnings per share was $0.34.

Net income margin was 1.1% in the third quarter of 2019, down 1.5 percentage points from a year ago. Company adjusted EBIT margin was 4.8% in the third quarter of 2019, up 0.4 percentage points from a year ago.

The table below shows our third quarter 2019 net income attributable to Ford and Company adjusted EBIT by segment.



	Third Quarter									First Nine Months
	2018			2019			H / (L)			2018			2019			H / (L)
Automotive	$	1,402		$	1,329		$	(73	)	$	4,291		$	4,711		$	420
Mobility	(196		)	(290		)	(94		)	(479		)	(842		)	(363		)
Ford Credit	678			736			58			1,964			2,368			404
Corporate Other	(216		)	18			234			(231		)	(343		)	(112		)
Company Adjusted EBIT *	$	1,668		$	1,793		$	125		$	5,545		$	5,894		$	349
Interest on Debt	(343		)	(276		)	67			(933		)	(765		)	168
Special Items	(231		)	(1,536		)	(1,305		)	(250		)	(3,333		)	(3,083		)
Taxes / Noncontrolling Interests	(103		)	444			547			(569		)	(77		)	492
Net Income	$	991		$	425		$	(566	)	$	3,793		$	1,719		$	(2,074	)


*	See Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.

The $566 million year-over-year decline in net income in the third quarter of 2019 is more than explained by the $1.5 billion of special item charges discussed in more detail above under “Results of Operations.”

Company adjusted EBIT increased $125 million year over year in the third quarter of 2019 to $1.8 billion driven by improvement in our businesses in China, Europe, and North America, mark-to-market gains on investments (reflected in Corporate Other), and another strong performance by Ford Credit.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Automotive Segment

The table below shows our third quarter 2019 Automotive segment EBIT by region (in millions).



	Third Quarter									First Nine Months
	2018			2019			H / (L)			2018			2019			H / (L)
North America	$	1,960		$	2,012		$	52		$	5,648		$	5,912		$	264
South America	(152		)	(165		)	(13		)	(479		)	(527		)	(48		)
Europe	(245		)	(179		)	66			(199		)	(69		)	130
China	(378		)	(281		)	97			(1,011		)	(565		)	446
Asia Pacific Operations	170			(31		)	(201		)	290			17			(273		)
Middle East & Africa	47			(27		)	(74		)	42			(58		)	(100		)
Automotive Segment	$	1,402		$	1,329		$	(73	)	$	4,291		$	4,711		$	420

The tables below and on the following pages provide third quarter and year-to-date 2019 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2019 EBIT compared with third quarter 2018 by causal factor for our Automotive segment and its regional business units: North America, South America, Europe, China, Asia Pacific Operations, and Middle East & Africa. For a description of these causal factors, see Definitions and Information Regarding Automotive Causal Factors.



	Third Quarter							First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018		2019		H / (L)			2018		2019		H / (L)
Market Share (%)	6.3 %		6.0 %		(0.3) ppts			6.5 %		6.0 %		(0.5) ppts
Wholesale Units (000)	1,353		1,244		(109		)	4,508		4,033		(475		)
Revenue ($B)	$	34.7	$	33.9	$	(0.7	)	$	109.6	$	106.9	$	(2.7	)
EBIT ($M)	$	1,402	$	1,329	$	(73	)	$	4,291	$	4,711	$	420
EBIT Margin (%)	4.0 %		3.9 %		(0.1) ppts			3.9 %		4.4 %		0.5 ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	1,402
Volume / Mix	(175		)
Net Pricing	937
Cost	(679		)
Exchange	(205		)
Other	49
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	1,329

In the third quarter of 2019, wholesales in our Automotive segment declined 8 percent year over year, primarily driven by Europe, China, and South America, while Automotive revenue was down 2 percent, driven by exchange.

Our third quarter 2019 Automotive segment EBIT was $1.3 billion, down $73 million from a year ago, and EBIT margin was 3.9 percent, as higher net pricing and flat structural costs, excluding past service pension and OPEB costs, were offset by higher material costs associated with product launches, higher warranty expenses, and adverse exchange.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

North America



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018		2019		H / (L)		2018		2019		H / (L)
Market Share (%)	13.3 %		12.6 %		(0.7) ppts		13.6 %		13.3 %		(0.3) ppts
Wholesale Units (000)	644		639		(5)		2,182		2,085		(97)
Revenue ($B)	$	22.3	$	23.4	$	1.1	$	70.8	$	72.7	$	2.0
EBIT ($M)	$	1,960	$	2,012	$	52	$	5,648	$	5,912	$	264
EBIT Margin (%)	8.8 %		8.6 %		(0.2) ppts		8.0 %		8.1 %		0.1 ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	1,960
Volume / Mix	70
Net Pricing	657
Cost	(721		)
Exchange	31
Other	15
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	2,012

In North America, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 1 percent from a year ago, driven by Mexico and Canada, while U.S. wholesales were up 1 percent. The decline primarily reflected the Explorer and Escape launch in 2019, the overlap of strong production of F-Series in the third quarter of 2018 to recover from the decline in production volume caused by the Meridian fire earlier in 2018, and our decision to exit low margin sedans. Favorable impacts from the introduction of the new Edge at the end of 2018 as well as Ranger largely offset the decline. Third quarter 2019 revenue increased 5 percent year over year, driven by higher net pricing and improved mix.

North America’s third quarter 2019 EBIT increased 3 percent from a year ago with an EBIT margin of 8.6 percent, driven by higher net pricing and higher volume in the United States. Launch-related production costs and higher warranty expenses were partial offsets.

South America



	Third Quarter									First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018			2019			H / (L)			2018			2019			H / (L)
Market Share (%)	8.4 %			7.1 %			(1.3) ppts			8.6 %			7.4 %			(1.2) ppts
Wholesale Units (000)	94			79			(15		)	276			222			(54		)
Revenue ($B)	$	1.3		$	1.0		$	(0.2	)	$	4.1		$	2.9		$	(1.1	)
EBIT ($M)	$	(152	)	$	(165	)	$	(13	)	$	(479	)	$	(527	)	$	(48	)
EBIT Margin (%)	(11.8) %			(15.9) %			(4.1) ppts			(11.8) %			(17.9) %			(6.2) ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	(152	)
Volume / Mix	(38		)
Net Pricing	162
Cost	(110		)
Exchange	(29		)
Other	2
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	(165	)

In South America, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 16 percent from a year ago, driven by a decrease in market share, primarily due to the strategic decision to exit heavy trucks and discontinue Fiesta and Focus. Third quarter 2019 revenue declined 19 percent year over year, driven by the lower volume and adverse exchange, and partially offset by higher net pricing.

South America’s third quarter 2019 EBIT loss of $165 million increased $13 million from a year ago despite significant macroeconomic headwinds, particularly in Argentina. Lower volume, higher inflationary costs, and adverse exchange were offset by higher net pricing.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Europe



	Third Quarter									First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018			2019			H / (L)			2018			2019			H / (L)
Market Share (%)	7.0 %			6.7 %			(0.3) ppts			7.2 %			6.9 %			(0.3) ppts
Wholesale Units * (000)	356			303			(53		)	1,172			1,073			(99		)
Revenue ($B)	$	7.4		$	6.4		$	(1.0	)	$	23.9		$	21.6		$	(2.3	)
EBIT ($M)	$	(245	)	$	(179	)	$	66		$	(199	)	$	(69	)	$	130
EBIT Margin (%)	(3.3) %			(2.8) %			0.5 ppts			(0.8) %			(0.3) %			0.5 ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	(245	)
Volume / Mix	(144		)
Net Pricing	71
Cost	74
Exchange	(130		)
Other	195
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	(179	)


*	Includes Ford brand vehicles produced and sold by our unconsolidated affiliate in Turkey (about 7,000 units in Q3 2018 and 6,000 units in Q3 2019). Revenue does not include these sales.

In Europe, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 15 percent from a year ago, driven by our redesign actions to exit low margin businesses, including the discontinuation of the C-Max sedan. Third quarter 2019 revenue, which declined 14 percent year over year (or 9 percent excluding exchange), was also affected by the lower volume.

EBIT improved 27% year over year, primarily reflecting Europe’s redesign efforts. This is the first time in three years that we have posted two consecutive quarters of year-over-year improvement in Europe’s EBIT. This performance was driven by lower structural costs, stronger product mix, and higher profits from our commercial vehicle joint venture, Ford Otosan. Lower volume and adverse exchange were partial offsets.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

China



	Third Quarter									First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018			2019			H / (L)			2018			2019			H / (L)
Market Share (%)	2.9 %			2.3 %			(0.6) ppts			3.1 %			2.2 %			(0.9) ppts
Wholesale Units * (000)	153			134			(19		)	559			375			(184		)
Revenue ($B)	$	1.2		$	0.9		$	(0.3	)	$	3.1		$	2.7		$	(0.4	)
EBIT ($M)	$	(378	)	$	(281	)	$	97		$	(1,011	)	$	(565	)	$	446
EBIT Margin (%)	(31.4) %			(32.0) %			(0.6) ppts			(33.0) %			(21.3) %			11.7 ppts

China Unconsolidated Affiliates
Wholesales (000)	135			116			(19		)	504			323			(181		)
Ford Equity Income ($M)	$	(38	)	$	(112	)	$	(74	)	$	103		$	(146	)	$	(249	)


*	Wholesale units include Ford brand and JMC brand vehicles produced and sold in China by our unconsolidated affiliates. Revenue does not include these sales.



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	(378	)
Volume / Mix	5
Net Pricing	37
Cost	102
Exchange	10
Other (Including Joint Ventures)	(57		)
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	(281	)

In China, compared with a year ago, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 12 percent and consolidated revenue was down 27 percent as improvements in mix and pricing were more than offset by lower volumes and lower component sales to our joint ventures in China. Our EBIT loss in China narrowed to $281 million in the third quarter, a year-over-year improvement of $97 million, driven by lower structural costs and favorable market factors in consolidated operations. This is the third consecutive quarter of year-over-year improvement in China’s EBIT.

Changan Ford dealer profitability and engagement are showing signs of improvement, and we are continuing to keep production aligned with demand to maintain appropriate dealer stock.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Asia Pacific Operations



	Third Quarter								First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018		2019			H / (L)			2018		2019		H / (L)
Market Share (%)	1.9 %		1.7 %			(0.2) ppts			1.9 %		1.7 %		(0.2) ppts
Wholesale Units (000)	80		65			(15		)	241		211		(30		)
Revenue ($B)	$	1.9	$	1.7		$	(0.2	)	$	5.8	$	5.3	$	(0.5	)
EBIT ($M)	$	170	$	(31	)	$	(201	)	$	290	$	17	$	(273	)
EBIT Margin (%)	8.9 %		(1.9) %			(10.8) ppts			5.0 %		0.3 %		(4.7) ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	170
Volume / Mix	(88		)
Net Pricing	(18		)
Cost	27
Exchange	(69		)
Other	(53		)
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	(31	)

In our Asia Pacific Operations, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 19 percent from a year ago, primarily reflecting lower industry volume in key markets and lower market share. Third quarter 2019 revenue declined 12 percent year over year, driven by the lower industry volume as well as lower share and unfavorable mix.

Asia Pacific Operations third quarter 2019 EBIT was $201 million lower than a year ago, driven by unfavorable market factors and adverse exchange (primarily the Australian dollar and Thai baht), partially offset by lower costs.

Middle East & Africa



	Third Quarter								First Nine Months
Key Metrics	2018		2019			H / (L)			2018		2019			H / (L)
Market Share (%)	3.2 %		3.3 %			0.1 ppts			3.0 %		3.1 %			0.1 ppts
Wholesale Units (000)	25		24			(1		)	77		67			(10		)
Revenue ($B)	$	0.6	$	0.6		$	—		$	2.0	$	1.8		$	(0.2	)
EBIT ($M)	$	47	$	(27	)	$	(74	)	$	42	$	(58	)	$	(100	)
EBIT Margin (%)	7.7 %		(4.4) %			(12.2) ppts			2.1 %		(3.3) %			(5.4) ppts



Change in EBIT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBIT	$	47
Volume / Mix	21
Net Pricing	29
Cost	(51		)
Exchange	(18		)
Other	(55		)
Third Quarter 2019 EBIT	$	(27	)

In Middle East & Africa, third quarter 2019 wholesales declined 4 percent from a year ago, primarily driven by North Africa and South Africa. Third quarter 2019 revenue was about flat compared with a year ago.

Middle East & Africa third quarter 2019 EBIT was $74 million lower than a year ago, primarily driven by increased cost and adverse exchange, partially offset by higher net pricing and favorable series mix.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Definitions and Information Regarding Automotive Causal Factors

In general, we measure year-over-year change in Automotive segment EBIT using the causal factors listed below, with net pricing and cost variances calculated at present-period volume and mix and exchange:


•	Market Factors (exclude the impact of unconsolidated affiliate wholesales):


◦	Volume and Mix – primarily measures EBIT variance from changes in wholesale volumes (at prior-year average contribution margin per unit) driven by changes in industry volume, market share, and dealer stocks, as well as the EBIT variance resulting from changes in product mix, including mix among vehicle lines and mix of trim levels and options within a vehicle line


◦	Net Pricing – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by changes in wholesale prices to dealers and marketing incentive programs such as rebate programs, low-rate financing offers, special lease offers, and stock adjustments on dealer inventory


•	Cost:


◦	Contribution Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by per-unit changes in cost categories that typically vary with volume, such as material costs (including commodity and component costs), warranty expense, and freight and duty costs


◦	Structural Costs – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by absolute change in cost categories that typically do not have a directly proportionate relationship to production volume. Structural costs include the following cost categories:


▪	Manufacturing, Including Volume-Related – consists primarily of costs for hourly and salaried manufacturing personnel, plant overhead (such as utilities and taxes), and new product launch expense. These costs could be affected by volume for operating pattern actions such as overtime, line-speed, and shift schedules


▪	Engineering – consists primarily of costs for engineering personnel, prototype materials, testing, and outside engineering services


▪	Spending-Related – consists primarily of depreciation and amortization of our manufacturing and engineering assets, but also includes asset retirements and operating leases


▪	Advertising and Sales Promotions – includes costs for advertising, marketing programs, brand promotions, customer mailings and promotional events, and auto shows


▪	Administrative and Selling – includes primarily costs for salaried personnel and purchased services related to our staff activities and selling functions, as well as associated information technology costs


▪	Pension and OPEB – consists primarily of past service pension costs and other postretirement employee benefit costs

•

Exchange – primarily measures EBIT variance driven by one or more of the following: (i) transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currencies of the relevant entities, (ii) effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars, (iii) effects of remeasuring monetary assets and liabilities of the relevant entities in currencies other than their functional currency, or (iv) results of our foreign currency hedging


•	Other – includes a variety of items, such as parts and services earnings, royalties, government incentives, and compensation-related changes

In addition, definitions and calculations used in this report include:

•

Wholesales and Revenue – wholesale unit volumes include all Ford and Lincoln badged units (whether produced by Ford or by an unconsolidated affiliate) that are sold to dealerships, units manufactured by Ford that are sold to other manufacturers, units distributed by Ford for other manufacturers, and local brand units produced by our China joint venture, Jiangling Motors Corporation, Ltd. (“JMC”), that are sold to dealerships. Vehicles sold to daily rental car companies that are subject to a guaranteed repurchase option (i.e., rental repurchase), as well as other sales of finished vehicles for which the recognition of revenue is deferred (e.g., consignments), also are included in wholesale unit volumes. Revenue from certain vehicles in wholesale unit volumes (specifically, Ford badged vehicles produced and distributed by our unconsolidated affiliates, as well as JMC brand vehicles) are not included in our revenue


•	Industry Volume and Market Share – based, in part, on estimated vehicle registrations; includes medium and heavy duty trucks


•	SAAR – seasonally adjusted annual rate

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Mobility Segment

In our Mobility segment, our third quarter 2019 EBIT loss was $290 million, a $94 million higher loss than a year ago, primarily driven by our continued investment in mobility services. Our strategic investments in Mobility in the third quarter of 2019 increased by 48 percent year over year as we continue to build-out capabilities in connected services and autonomous vehicles.

In the third quarter of 2019, we announced the expansion of our collaboration with Volkswagen, including a commitment to invest in Argo AI. We will collaborate with Argo AI on the self-driving system, which will enable Volkswagen and us to reduce investment and development costs for our autonomous vehicle businesses by sharing costs and expertise.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Ford Credit Segment

Ford Credit files periodic reports with the SEC that contain additional information regarding Ford Credit. The reports are available through Ford Credit’s website located at www.fordcredit.com/investor-center and can also be found on the SEC’s website located at www.sec.gov.

The tables below provide third quarter and year-to-date 2019 key metrics and the change in third quarter 2019 EBT compared with third quarter 2018 by causal factor for the Ford Credit segment. For a description of these causal factors, see Definitions and Information Regarding Ford Credit Causal Factors.



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
GAAP Financial Measures	2018		2019		H / (L)		2018		2019		H / (L)
Net Receivables ($B)	$	144	$	140	(3) %		$	144	$	140	(3) %
Loss-to-Receivables * (bps)	51		51		—		50		48		(2		)
Auction Values **	$	19,190	$	18,865	(2) %		$	18,415	$	18,160	(1) %
EBT ($M)	$	678	$	736	$	58	$	1,964	$	2,368	$	404
ROE (%)	13 %		15 %		2 ppts		14 %		16 %		2 ppts

Other Balance Sheet Metrics
Debt ($B)							$	138	$	139	1 %
Net Liquidity ($B)							$	29	$	35	22 %
Financial Statement Leverage (to 1)							9.1		9.8		0.7


*	U.S. retail financing only, previously included both retail financing and operating leases.


**	U.S. 36-month off-lease third quarter auction values at Q3 2019 mix and YTD amounts at 2019 YTD mix.



	First Nine Months
Non-GAAP Financial Measures	2018		2019		H / (L)
Managed Receivables * ($B)	$	152	$	149	(2) %
Managed Leverage ** (to 1)	8.4		8.8		0.4


*	See Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.


**	See Liquidity and Capital Resources - Ford Credit Segment section for reconciliation to GAAP.



Change in EBT by Causal Factor (in millions)
Third Quarter 2018 EBT	$	678
Volume / Mix	(19		)
Financing Margin	5
Credit Loss	34
Lease Residual	6
Exchange	(8		)
Other	40
Third Quarter 2019 EBT	$	736

Ford Credit’s loss metrics reflected healthy and stable consumer credit conditions, and auction values for off-lease vehicles were slightly better than expected. We now believe full year 2019 auction values will be down about 2 percent on average year over year, at constant mix. Receivables were down year over year.

Ford Credit delivered $736 million of EBT, a 9 percent increase from a year ago, led by favorable derivatives market valuation and improved operating costs, which are both reflected in other. Favorable credit loss performance primarily reflects the non-recurrence of a non-consumer loss recognized in the third quarter of 2018. Unfavorable volume and mix, which was driven by lower receivables, was a partial offset.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Definitions and Information Regarding Ford Credit Causal Factors

In general, we measure year-over-year changes in Ford Credit’s EBT using the causal factors listed below:


•	Volume and Mix:

◦

Volume primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by changes in average managed receivables at prior period financing margin yield (defined below in financing margin) at prior period exchange rates. Volume changes are primarily driven by the volume of new and used vehicles sold and leased, the extent to which Ford Credit purchases retail installment sale and finance lease contracts (retail financing) and operating lease contracts, the extent to which Ford Credit provides wholesale financing, the sales price of the vehicles financed, the level of dealer inventories, Ford-sponsored special financing programs available exclusively through Ford Credit, and the availability of cost-effective funding


◦	Mix primarily measures changes in net financing margin driven by period-over-period changes in the composition of Ford Credit’s average managed receivables by product within each region

•Financing Margin:

◦

Financing margin variance is the period-to-period change in financing margin yield multiplied by the present period average managed receivables at prior period exchange rates. This calculation is performed at the product and country level and then aggregated. Financing margin yield equals revenue, less interest expense and scheduled depreciation for the period, divided by average managed receivables for the same period


◦	Financing margin changes are driven by changes in revenue and interest expense. Changes in revenue are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, cost assumptions in pricing, mix of business, and competitive environment. Changes in interest expense are primarily driven by the level of market interest rates, borrowing spreads, and asset-liability management


•	Credit Loss:


◦	Credit loss is the change in the provision for credit losses at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits the provision for credit losses into net charge-offs and the change in the allowance for credit losses

◦

Net charge-off changes are primarily driven by the number of repossessions, severity per repossession, and recoveries. Changes in the allowance for credit losses are primarily driven by changes in historical trends in credit losses and recoveries, changes in the composition and size of Ford Credit’s present portfolio, changes in trends in historical used vehicle values, and changes in economic conditions

◦

As of January 1, 2019, we changed our accounting method for reporting early termination losses related to customer defaults on operating leases. Previously, we presented the early termination loss reserve on operating leases due to customer default events as part of the allowance for credit losses which reduces Net investment in operating leases on the balance sheet. We now consider the effects of operating lease early terminations when determining depreciation estimates, which are included as part of accumulated depreciation within Net investment in operating leases on the balance sheet. We believe this change in accounting method is preferable as the characterization of these changes is better reflected as depreciation. We have reclassified prior period amounts to reflect these changes. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Allowance for Credit Losses” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2018 Form 10-K Report


•	Lease Residual:


◦	Lease residual measures changes to residual performance at prior period exchange rates. For analysis purposes, management splits residual performance primarily into residual gains and losses, and the change in accumulated supplemental depreciation

◦

Residual gain and loss changes are primarily driven by the number of vehicles returned to Ford Credit and sold, and the difference between the auction value and the depreciated value (which includes both base and accumulated supplemental depreciation) of the vehicles sold. Changes in accumulated supplemental depreciation are primarily driven by changes in Ford Credit’s estimate of the expected auction value at the end of the lease term, and changes in Ford Credit’s estimate of the number of vehicles that will be returned to it and sold. With the change in accounting method discussed above, accumulated depreciation now reflects early termination losses on operating leases due to customer default events for all periods presented. For additional information, refer to the “Critical Accounting Estimates - Accumulated Depreciation on Vehicles Subject to Operating Leases” section of Item 7 of Part II of our 2018 Form 10-K Report


•	Exchange:


◦	Reflects changes in EBT driven by the effects of converting functional currency income to U.S. dollars

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)


•	Other:


◦	Primarily includes operating expenses, other revenue, insurance expenses, and other income at prior period exchange rates


◦	Changes in operating expenses are primarily driven by salaried personnel costs, facilities costs, and costs associated with the origination and servicing of customer contracts


◦	In general, other income changes are primarily driven by changes in earnings related to market valuation adjustments to derivatives (primarily related to movements in interest rates) and other miscellaneous items

In addition, the following definitions and calculations apply to Ford Credit when used in this report:


•	Cash (as shown in the Funding Structure, Liquidity, and Leverage tables) – Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities, excluding amounts related to insurance activities

•

Debt (as shown in the Key Metrics and Leverage tables) – Debt on Ford Credit’s balance sheet. Includes debt issued in securitizations and payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements. Ford Credit holds the right to receive the excess cash flows not needed to pay the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions


•	Earnings Before Taxes (EBT) – Reflects Ford Credit’s income before income taxes


•	Return on Equity (ROE) (as shown in the Key Metrics table) – Reflects return on equity calculated by annualizing net income for the period and dividing by monthly average equity for the period


•	Securitizations (as shown in the Public Term Funding Plan table) – Public securitization transactions, Rule 144A offerings sponsored by Ford Credit, and widely distributed offerings by Ford Credit Canada


•	Securitization Cash (as shown in the Liquidity table) – Cash held for the benefit of the securitization investors (for example, a reserve fund)


•	Term Asset-Backed Securities (as shown in the Funding Structure table) – Obligations issued in securitization transactions that are payable only out of collections on the underlying securitized assets and related enhancements

•

Total Net Receivables (as shown in the Key Metrics and Ford Credit Net Receivables Reconciliation To Managed Receivables tables) – Includes finance receivables (retail financing and wholesale) sold for legal purposes and net investment in operating leases included in securitization transactions that do not satisfy the requirements for accounting sale treatment. These receivables and operating leases are reported on Ford Credit’s balance sheet and are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations of Ford Credit or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Corporate Other

Corporate Other primarily includes corporate governance expenses, interest income (excluding interest earned on our extended service contract portfolio that is included in our Automotive segment) and gains and losses from our cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and other investments, and foreign exchange derivatives gains and losses associated with intercompany lending. Corporate governance expenses are primarily administrative, delivering benefit on behalf of the global enterprise, and are not allocated to specific Automotive business units or operating segments. These include expenses related to setting and directing global policy, providing oversight and stewardship, and promoting the Company’s interests. In the third quarter of 2019, Corporate Other had an $18 million profit, reflecting mark-to-market and other gains on our investments of $113 million, including $77 million from Pivotal Software.

Interest on Debt

Interest on Debt consists of interest expense on Automotive and Other debt. Third quarter 2019 interest expense on Automotive and Other debt was $276 million, which is $67 million lower than a year ago, more than explained by lower foreign debt interest expense, including our repayment of higher-cost affiliate debt as discussed in the Liquidity and Capital Resources section below.

Taxes

In the third quarter of 2019, we recognized a tax benefit of $442 million. For the first nine months of 2019, we recognized a tax provision of $40 million. This resulted in effective tax rates of 2,326% and 2.2%, respectively, reflecting a benefit recognized during the third quarter for non-U.S. restructuring items.

Our third quarter and first nine months of 2019 adjusted effective tax rates, which exclude special items, were 10.7% and 16.9%, respectively.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

At September 30, 2019, total balance sheet cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash (including Ford Credit) was $37.5 billion.

We consider our key balance sheet metrics to be: (i) Company cash, which includes cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash, excluding Ford Credit’s cash, cash equivalents, marketable securities, and restricted cash; and (ii) Company liquidity, which includes Company cash, less restricted cash, and total available committed credit lines, excluding Ford Credit’s total available committed credit lines.

Company excluding Ford Credit



	December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Balance Sheet
Company Cash	$	23.1		$	22.3
Liquidity	34.2			35.4

Debt	$	(14.1	)	$	(14.8	)
Cash Net of Debt	8.9			7.5

Pension Funded Status *
Funded Plans	$	(0.3	)	$	0.4
Unfunded Plans	(6.0		)	(5.8		)
Total Global Pension	$	(6.3	)	$	(5.4	)

Total Funded Status OPEB	$	(5.6	)	$	(5.5	)

Balances at September 30, 2019 reflect net underfunded status at December 31, 2018, updated for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, settlement gain and associated interim remeasurement (where applicable), separation expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. For plans without interim remeasurement, the discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2018.

Liquidity. One of our key priorities is to maintain a strong balance sheet, while at the same time having resources available to invest in and grow our business. Based on our planning assumptions, we believe we have sufficient liquidity and capital resources to continue to invest in new products and services, pay our debts and obligations as and when they come due, pay a regular dividend, and provide protection within an uncertain global economic environment.

At September 30, 2019, we had Company cash of $22.3 billion, with 87% held by consolidated entities domiciled in the United States. To be prepared for an economic downturn, we target an ongoing Company cash balance at or above $20 billion. We expect to have periods when we will be above or below this amount due to: (i) future cash flow expectations, such as for investments in future opportunities, capital investments, debt maturities, pension contributions, or restructuring requirements, (ii) short-term timing differences, and (iii) changes in the global economic environment.

Our Company cash investments primarily include U.S. Department of Treasury obligations, federal agency securities, bank time deposits with investment-grade institutions, investment-grade corporate securities, investment-grade commercial paper, and debt obligations of a select group of non-U.S. governments, non-U.S. governmental agencies, and supranational institutions. The average maturity of these investments is approximately one year and adjusted based on market conditions and liquidity needs. We monitor our Company cash levels and average maturity on a daily basis.

In addition to our Company cash target, we also target to maintain a $10 billion balance available under our corporate credit facility, discussed below, for our Automotive business to protect against exogenous shocks. We assess the appropriate long-term target for total Company liquidity, which includes Company cash and the Automotive portion of the corporate credit facility, to be at or above $30 billion, which is an amount we believe is sufficient to support our business priorities and to protect our business. At September 30, 2019, we had $35.4 billion of Company liquidity, which is up over $1 billion from December 31, 2018, reflecting the addition of our supplemental credit facility (described below in Available Credit Lines). We may reduce our Company cash and liquidity targets over time, based on improved operating performance and changes in our risk profile.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Changes in Company Cash. In managing our business, we classify changes in Company cash into operating and non-operating items. Operating items include: Company adjusted EBIT excluding Ford Credit EBT, capital spending, depreciation and tooling amortization, changes in working capital, Ford Credit distributions, and all other and timing differences. Non-operating items include: Global Redesign (including separation payments), changes in Automotive and Other debt, contributions to funded pension plans, shareholder distributions, and other items (including acquisitions and divestitures and other transactions with Ford Credit).

With respect to “Changes in working capital,” in general we carry relatively low Automotive segment trade receivables compared with our trade payables because the majority of our Automotive wholesales are financed (primarily by Ford Credit) immediately upon sale of vehicles to dealers, which generally occurs shortly after being produced. In contrast, our Automotive trade payables are based primarily on industry-standard production supplier payment terms generally ranging between 30 days to 45 days. As a result, our cash flow tends to improve as wholesale volumes increase, but can deteriorate when wholesale volumes decrease. These working capital balances generally are subject to seasonal changes that can impact cash flow. For example, we typically experience cash flow timing differences associated with inventories and payables due to our annual summer and December shutdown periods when production, and therefore inventories and wholesale volumes, are usually at their lowest levels, while payables continue to come due and be paid. The net impact of this typically results in cash outflows from changes in our working capital balances during these shutdown periods.

Changes in Company cash excluding Ford Credit are summarized below (in billions):



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Company Excluding Ford Credit
Company Adjusted EBIT* excluding Ford Credit	$	1.0		$	1.1		$	3.6		$	3.5

Capital spending	$	(2.0	)	$	(1.8	)	$	(5.6	)	$	(5.3	)
Depreciation and tooling amortization	1.4			1.4			4.0			4.1
Net spending	$	(0.6	)	$	(0.4	)	$	(1.6	)	$	(1.2	)

Changes in working capital	$	(0.3	)	$	(1.4	)	$	(1.3	)	$	(1.0	)
Ford Credit distributions	0.6			1.1			2.1			2.4
All other and timing differences	(0.6		)	(0.1		)	(1.4		)	(1.4		)
Company adjusted free cash flow *	$	0.1		$	0.2		$	1.3		$	2.3

Global Redesign (including separations)	$	—		$	(0.3	)	$	(0.1	)	$	(0.7	)
Changes in debt	(0.7		)	0.4			(0.6		)	0.7
Funded pension contributions	(0.1		)	(0.2		)	(0.3		)	(0.6		)
Shareholder distributions	(0.7		)	(0.8		)	(2.5		)	(2.0		)
All other (including acquisitions and divestitures)	(0.1		)	(0.1		)	(0.7		)	(0.4		)
Change in cash	$	(1.5	)	$	(0.9	)	$	(2.9	)	$	(0.8	)


*	See Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.


*	Note: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Capital spending was $1.8 billion in the third quarter of 2019 and $5.3 billion year to date. Year-to-date capital spending was 6 percent lower than a year ago. We expect full year 2019 capital spending to be about $7.5 billion.

Third quarter 2019 working capital was $1.4 billion negative. Year-to-date 2019 working capital was $1 billion negative, more than explained by higher inventory.

Third quarter and year-to-date 2019 all other and timing differences were both negative, reflecting assorted timing differences, interest payments on Automotive and Other debt, and cash taxes.

In the third quarter and first nine months of 2019, we contributed $211 million and $611 million, respectively, to our worldwide funded pension plans. We now expect full year contributions to our funded plans to total about $750 million (most of which are mandatory contributions).

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Shareholder distributions were $835 million in the third quarter of 2019 and $2 billion year-to-date. We expect full year 2019 distributions of $2.6 billion.

Available Credit Lines. Total committed Company credit lines excluding Ford Credit at September 30, 2019 were $14.9 billion, consisting of $10.4 billion of our corporate credit facility, $3.5 billion of our supplemental credit facility, and $1 billion of local credit facilities. At September 30, 2019, the utilized portion of the corporate credit facility was $28 million, representing amounts utilized for letters of credit. At September 30, 2019, the utilized portion of the local credit facilities was $190 million. The utilized portion of our supplemental credit facility is described below.

Lenders under our corporate credit facility have commitments to us totaling $13.4 billion, with 75% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2024 and 25% of the commitments maturing on April 30, 2022. We have allocated $3 billion of commitments to Ford Credit on an irrevocable and exclusive basis to support its liquidity. We would guarantee any borrowings by Ford Credit under the corporate credit facility.

The corporate credit facility is unsecured and free of material adverse change conditions to borrowing, restrictive financial covenants (for example, interest or fixed-charge coverage ratio, debt-to-equity ratio, and minimum net worth requirements), and credit rating triggers that could limit our ability to obtain funding. The corporate credit facility contains a liquidity covenant that requires us to maintain a minimum of $4 billion in aggregate of domestic cash, cash equivalents, and loaned and marketable securities and/or availability under the facility. If our senior, unsecured, long-term debt does not maintain at least two investment grade ratings from Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P, the guarantees of certain subsidiaries will be required.

Earlier this year, we closed on a $3.5 billion supplemental credit facility, further strengthening our liquidity and providing additional financial flexibility. The terms and conditions of the supplemental credit facility are consistent with our corporate credit facility; however, unlike our corporate credit facility, the supplemental facility is intended to be utilized and includes a $2 billion revolving facility maturing on April 30, 2022 and a $1.5 billion delayed draw term loan facility maturing on December 31, 2022. We drew $500 million under the term loan facility in the second quarter of 2019 and the remaining $1 billion under the term loan facility in the third quarter of 2019. As of October 23, 2019, all $2 billion under the supplemental revolving facility was available for use.

Debt. As shown in Note 17 of the Notes to the Financial Statements, at September 30, 2019, Company debt excluding Ford Credit was $14.8 billion, including Automotive debt of $14.2 billion. Both balances were $690 million higher than at December 31, 2018, and include the $1.5 billion drawn under the term loan facility described above and our $750 million unsecured debt (retail bond) issuance in the second quarter of 2019. The impact of these transactions is leverage neutral after taking into consideration debt reduction actions we took late last year and this year to repay higher-cost affiliate debt.

Leverage. We manage Company debt (excluding Ford Credit) levels with a leverage framework to maintain investment grade credit ratings through a normal business cycle. The leverage framework includes a ratio of total company debt (excluding Ford Credit) adjusted to include unamortized discount/premium and issuance costs (excluding Ford Credit), operating lease minimum commitments, and net pension liabilities excluding prepaid assets, divided by Company adjusted EBIT (excluding Ford Credit EBT), and further adjusted to include depreciation and tooling amortization (excluding Ford Credit), operating lease expense, and certain pension costs.

Ford Credit’s leverage is calculated as a separate business as described in the Liquidity - Ford Credit Segment section of Item 2. Ford Credit is self-funding and its debt, which is used to fund its operations, is separate from our Automotive and Other debt.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Ford Credit Segment

Funding Overview. Ford Credit’s primary funding objective is to be well capitalized, with a strong balance sheet and ample liquidity to support its financing activities and growth under a variety of market conditions, including short-term and long-term market disruptions. Ford Credit’s funding strategy remains focused on diversification, and it plans to continue accessing a variety of markets, channels, and investors.

Ford Credit’s liquidity profile continues to be diverse, robust, and focused on maintaining liquidity levels that meet its business and funding requirements. Ford Credit annually stress tests its balance sheet and liquidity to ensure that it continues to meet its financial obligations through economic cycles.

The following table shows funding for Ford Credit’s managed receivables (in billions):



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Term Debt (incl. Bank Borrowings)	$	73		$	70		$	74
Term Asset-Backed Securities	55			60			55
Commercial Paper	4			4			4
Ford Interest Advantage / Deposits	6			6			7
Other	11			10			9
Equity	15			15			14
Adjustments for Cash	(12		)	(10		)	(14		)
Total Managed Receivables *	$	152		$	155		$	149

Securitized Funding as Percent of Managed Receivables	36		%	39		%	37		%


*	See Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.

Managed receivables were $149 billion at September 30, 2019, and were funded primarily with term debt and term asset-backed securities. Securitized funding as a percent of managed receivables was 37%. Ford Credit targets a mix of securitized funding between 35% and 40%. The calendarization of the funding plan will result in quarterly fluctuations of the securitized funding percentage.

Public Term Funding Plan. The following table shows Ford Credit’s issuances for full-year 2017 and 2018, planned issuances for full-year 2019, and its global public term funding issuances through October 22, 2019, excluding short-term funding programs (in billions):



	2017 Actual		2018 Actual		2019 Forecast	Through Oct 22
Unsecured - Currency of issuance (USD equivalent)
USD	$	10	$	6	$ 9 - 10	$	9
CAD	2		1		1	1
EUR / GBP	3		4		4 - 5	4
Other	1		1		1	1
Total unsecured	$	16	$	13	$ 15 - 17	$	14
Securitizations *	15		14		13 - 14	12
Total public	$	32	$	27	$ 28 - 31	$	26


*	See Definitions and Information Regarding Ford Credit Causal Factors section.


*	Note: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Ford Credit’s total unsecured public term funding plan is categorized by currency of issuance. Ford Credit plans to continue issuing its eurocurrency-denominated (e.g., euro and sterling) public unsecured debt from the United States. For 2019, Ford Credit now projects full-year public term funding in the range of $28 billion to $31 billion.

Through October 22, 2019, Ford Credit has completed $26 billion of public term issuances.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Liquidity. The following table shows Ford Credit’s liquidity sources and utilization (in billions):



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Liquidity Sources *
Cash	$	12.1		$	10.2		$	14.3
Committed asset-backed facilities	32.0			35.4			35.2
Other unsecured credit facilities	3.0			3.0			2.6
Ford corporate credit facility allocation	3.0			3.0			3.0
Total liquidity sources	$	50.1		$	51.6		$	55.1

Utilization of Liquidity *
Securitization cash	$	(3.0	)	$	(3.0	)	$	(2.9	)
Committed asset-backed facilities	(17.7		)	(20.7		)	(14.4		)
Other unsecured credit facilities	(0.7		)	(0.7		)	(0.5		)
Ford corporate credit facility allocation	—			—			—
Total utilization of liquidity	$	(21.4	)	$	(24.4	)	$	(17.8	)

Gross liquidity	$	28.7		$	27.2		$	37.3
Adjustments	0.3			0.1			(1.9		)
Net liquidity available for use	$	29.0		$	27.3		$	35.4


*	See Definitions and Information Regarding Ford Credit Causal Factors section.

Ford Credit’s net liquidity available for use will fluctuate quarterly based on factors including near-term debt maturities, receivable growth, and timing of funding transactions. Ford Credit targets liquidity of about $25 billion.

At September 30, 2019, Ford Credit’s net liquidity available for use was $35.4 billion, $8.1 billion higher than year-end 2018.

Ford Credit’s sources of liquidity include cash, committed asset-backed facilities, unsecured credit facilities, and the corporate credit facility allocation. At September 30, 2019, Ford Credit’s liquidity sources including cash totaled $55.1 billion, up $3.5 billion from year-end 2018.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Leverage. Ford Credit uses leverage, or the debt-to-equity ratio, to make various business decisions, including evaluating and establishing pricing for finance receivable and operating lease financing, and assessing its capital structure.

The table below shows the calculation of Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage and managed leverage (in billions):



	September 30, 2018			December 31, 2018			September 30, 2019
Leverage Calculation
Debt *	$	138.2		$	140.1		$	139.3
Adjustments for cash	(12.1		)	(10.2		)	(14.3		)
Adjustments for derivative accounting *	0.6			0.2			(0.8		)
Total adjusted debt	$	126.7		$	130.1		$	124.2

Equity **	$	15.2		$	15.0		$	14.2
Adjustments for derivative accounting *	(0.1		)	(0.2		)	—
Total adjusted equity	$	15.1		$	14.8		$	14.2

GAAP Financial Measure
Financial statement leverage (to 1)	9.1			9.4			9.8
Non-GAAP Financial Measure ***
Managed leverage (to 1)	8.4			8.8			8.8


*	Related primarily to market valuation adjustments to derivatives due to movements in interest rates. Adjustments to debt are related to designated fair value hedges and adjustments to equity are related to retained earnings.


**	Total shareholder’s interest reported on Ford Credit’s balance sheet.


***	See the Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations section for reconciliation to GAAP.

Ford Credit plans its managed leverage by considering market conditions and the risk characteristics of its business. At September 30, 2019, Ford Credit’s financial statement leverage was 9.8:1, and its managed leverage was 8.8:1. Ford Credit targets managed leverage in the range of 8:1 to 9:1.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Total Company

Pension Plans - Underfunded Balances. As of September 30, 2019, our total Company pension underfunded status reported on our balance sheet was $5.4 billion and reflects the net underfunded status at December 31, 2018, updated for service and interest cost, expected return on assets, settlement gain, curtailment gain, and associated interim remeasurement (where applicable), separation expense, actual benefit payments, and cash contributions. For plans without interim remeasurement, the discount rate and rate of expected return assumptions are unchanged from year-end 2018.

Based on our planning assumptions for asset returns, discount rates, and contributions, we expect our funded status to deteriorate at year-end 2019 compared to the end of 2018 due to the impact of expected lower discount rates on unfunded plans.

Return on Invested Capital. We analyze total Company performance using an adjusted Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) financial metric based on an after-tax, rolling four quarter average. The following table contains the calculation of our ROIC for the periods shown (in billions):



	Four Quarters Ending
	September 30, 2018			September 30, 2019
Adjusted Net Operating Profit After Cash Tax
Net income attributable to Ford	$	6.3		$	1.6
Add: Noncontrolling interest	—			—
Less: Income tax	0.1			(0.1		)
Add: Cash tax	(0.6		)	(0.7		)
Less: Interest on debt	(1.2		)	(1.1		)
Less: Total pension / OPEB income / (cost)	0.7			(1.2		)
Add: Pension / OPEB service costs	(1.2		)	(1.1		)
Net operating profit after cash tax	$	4.9		$	2.3
Less: Special items (excl. pension / OPEB) pre-tax	(0.3		)	(3.3		)
Adjusted net operating profit after cash tax	$	5.3		$	5.6

Invested Capital
Equity	$	36.6		$	35.4
Redeemable noncontrolling interest	0.1			—
Debt (excl. Ford Credit)	15.3			14.8
Net pension and OPEB liability	11.3			10.9
Invested capital (end of period)	$	63.3		$	61.1
Average invested capital	$	64.6		$	62.1

ROIC *	7.7		%	3.6		%
Adjusted ROIC (Non-GAAP) **	8.2		%	9.0		%


*	Calculated as the sum of net operating profit after cash tax from the last four quarters, divided by the average invested capital over the last four quarters.


**	Calculated as the sum of adjusted net operating profit after cash tax from the last four quarters, divided by the average invested capital over the last four quarters.


*	Note: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

CREDIT RATINGS

Our short-term and long-term debt is rated by four credit rating agencies designated as nationally recognized statistical rating organizations (“NRSROs”) by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission: DBRS, Fitch, Moody’s, and S&P.

In several markets, locally recognized rating agencies also rate us. A credit rating reflects an assessment by the rating agency of the credit risk associated with a corporate entity or particular securities issued by that entity. Rating agencies’ ratings of us are based on information provided by us and other sources. Credit ratings are not recommendations to buy, sell, or hold securities and are subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the assigning rating agency. Each rating agency may have different criteria for evaluating company risk and, therefore, ratings should be evaluated independently for each rating agency.

The following rating actions were taken by these NRSROs since the filing of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019.


•	On September 9, 2019, Moody’s downgraded the credit ratings for Ford and Ford Credit to non-investment grade (Ba1 from Baa3) and revised the outlook to stable from negative.

The following table summarizes certain of the credit ratings and outlook presently assigned by these four NRSROs:

NRSRO RATINGS

Ford

Ford Credit

NRSROs

Issuer

Default /

Corporate /

Issuer Rating

Long-Term Senior Unsecured

Outlook / Trend

Long-Term Senior Unsecured

Short-Term

Unsecured

Outlook / Trend

Minimum Long-Term Investment Grade Rating

DBRS

BBB

Negative

BBB

R-2M

Negative

BBB (low)

Fitch

BBB

Negative

BBB

Negative

BBB-

Moody’s

N/A

Ba1

Stable

Ba1

Stable

Baa3

S&P

BBB

Negative

BBB

A-2

Negative

BBB-

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

OUTLOOK

We provided 2019 Company guidance in our earnings release furnished on Form 8-K dated October 23, 2019. The guidance is based on our expectations as of October 23, 2019, and assumes no material change in the current economic environment, including commodities, foreign exchange, and tariffs. Our actual results could differ materially from our guidance due to risks, uncertainties, and other factors, including those set forth in “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of Part II.



		2019 Guidance
Total Company
Adjusted Free Cash Flow*		Higher than 2018
Adjusted EBIT*		$6.5B - $7.0B
Adjusted EPS*		$1.20 - $1.32 **
Global Redesign EBIT charges		$3.0B - $3.5B
Global Redesign cash effects		$1.0B - $1.5B
Pension contributions		About $750M
Pension funded status		Lower ***
Full-year shareholder distributions		$2.6B
Capital spending (excluding Ford Credit)		About $7.5B
Ford Credit
Ford Credit auction values		Down about 2% ****


*	When we provide guidance for Adjusted Free Cash Flow, Adjusted EBIT, and Adjusted EPS, we do not provide guidance for the most comparable GAAP measures because, as described in more detail below in “Non-GAAP Measures That Supplement GAAP Measures,” they include items that are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty.


**	Assumes an adjusted effective tax rate of around 12% - 13%, which is lower than our previous expectation, largely driven by more clarity on provisions in the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017.


***	At year-end 2019 compared with year-end 2018.


****	On average compared with full-year 2018 at constant mix.

Our guidance has been updated to reflect several headwinds that have intensified since we provided guidance on July 24, 2019, including:


•	Higher warranty — particularly related to coverages;


•	Higher incentives than planned in North America; and


•	China, due to lower volumes and JV profits.

We continue to expect strong market factors, lower full-year Automotive structural costs, excluding pensions and OPEB, and strength in Ford Credit. We also continue to expect adjusted free cash flow to be higher than in 2018, driven by our Automotive segment.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Cautionary Note on Forward-Looking Statements

Statements included or incorporated by reference herein may constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are based on expectations, forecasts, and assumptions by our management and involve a number of risks, uncertainties, and other factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those stated, including, without limitation:


•	Ford’s long-term competitiveness depends on the successful execution of fitness actions;


•	Industry sales volume, particularly in the United States, Europe, or China, could decline if there is a financial crisis, recession, or significant geopolitical event;


•	Ford’s new and existing products and mobility services are subject to market acceptance;


•	Ford’s results are dependent on sales of larger, more profitable vehicles, particularly in the United States;


•	Ford may face increased price competition resulting from industry excess capacity, currency fluctuations, or other factors;


•	Fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates can have a significant effect on results;


•	With a global footprint, Ford’s results could be adversely affected by economic, geopolitical, protectionist trade policies, or other events, including Brexit;


•	Ford’s production, as well as Ford’s suppliers’ production, could be disrupted by labor disputes, natural or man-made disasters, financial distress, production difficulties, or other factors;


•	Ford’s ability to maintain a competitive cost structure could be affected by labor or other constraints;


•	Pension and other postretirement liabilities could adversely affect Ford’s liquidity and financial condition;


•	Economic and demographic experience for pension and other postretirement benefit plans (e.g., discount rates or investment returns) could be worse than Ford has assumed;


•	Ford’s vehicles could be affected by defects that result in delays in new model launches, recall campaigns, or increased warranty costs;


•	Ford may need to substantially modify its product plans to comply with safety, emissions, fuel economy, and other regulations that may change in the future;


•	Ford could experience unusual or significant litigation, governmental investigations, or adverse publicity arising out of alleged defects in products, perceived environmental impacts, or otherwise;


•	Ford’s receipt of government incentives could be subject to reduction, termination, or clawback;


•	Operational systems, security systems, and vehicles could be affected by cyber incidents;


•	Ford and Ford Credit’s access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors;


•	Ford Credit could experience higher-than-expected credit losses, lower-than-anticipated residual values, or higher-than-expected return volumes for leased vehicles;


•	Ford Credit could face increased competition from banks, financial institutions, or other third parties seeking to increase their share of financing Ford vehicles; and


•	Ford Credit could be subject to new or increased credit regulations, consumer or data protection regulations, or other regulations.

We cannot be certain that any expectation, forecast, or assumption made in preparing forward-looking statements will prove accurate, or that any projection will be realized. It is to be expected that there may be differences between projected and actual results. Our forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of their initial issuance, and we do not undertake any obligation to update or revise publicly any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise. For additional discussion, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” in our 2018 Form 10-K Report, as updated by our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES THAT SUPPLEMENT GAAP MEASURES

We use both generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) and non-GAAP financial measures for operational and financial decision making, and to assess Company and segment business performance. The non-GAAP measures listed below are intended to be considered by users as supplemental information to their equivalent GAAP measures, to aid investors in better understanding our financial results. We believe that these non-GAAP measures provide useful perspective on underlying business results and trends, and a means to assess our period-over-period results. These non-GAAP measures should not be considered as a substitute for, or superior to, measures of financial performance prepared in accordance with GAAP. These non-GAAP measures may not be the same as similarly titled measures used by other companies due to possible differences in method and in items or events being adjusted.

•

Company Adjusted EBIT (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Income Attributable to Ford) – Earnings before interest and taxes (EBIT) excludes interest on debt (excl. Ford Credit Debt), taxes and pre-tax special items. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting. Pre-tax special items consist of (i) pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses, (ii) significant personnel expenses, dealer-related costs, and facility-related charges stemming from our efforts to match production capacity and cost structure to market demand and changing model mix, and (iii) other items that we do not necessarily consider to be indicative of earnings from ongoing operating activities. When we provide guidance for adjusted EBIT, we do not provide guidance on a net income basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.


•	Company Adjusted EBIT Margin (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Company Net Income Margin) – Company Adjusted EBIT margin is Company adjusted EBIT divided by Company revenue. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate our operating results aligned with industry reporting.

•

Adjusted Earnings Per Share (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Earnings Per Share) – Measure of Company’s diluted net earnings per share adjusted for impact of pre-tax special items (described above), tax special items and restructuring impacts in noncontrolling interests. The measure provides investors with useful information to evaluate performance of our business excluding items not indicative of the underlying run rate of our business. When we provide guidance for adjusted earnings per share, we do not provide guidance on an earnings per share basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

•

Adjusted Effective Tax Rate (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Effective Tax Rate) – Measure of Company’s tax rate excluding pre-tax special items (described above) and tax special items. The measure provides an ongoing effective rate which investors find useful for historical comparisons and for forecasting. When we provide guidance for adjusted effective tax rate, we do not provide guidance on an effective tax rate basis because the GAAP measure will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end, including pension and OPEB remeasurement gains and losses.

•

Company Adjusted Free Cash Flow (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Cash Provided By / (Used In) Operating Activities) – Measure of Company’s operating cash flow excluding Ford Credit’s operating cash flows. The measure contains elements management considers operating activities, including Automotive and Mobility capital spending, Ford Credit distributions to its parent, and settlement of derivatives. The measure excludes cash outflows for funded pension contributions, separation payments, and other items that are considered operating cash outflows under U.S. GAAP. This measure is useful to management and investors because it is consistent with management’s assessment of the Company’s operating cash flow performance. When we provide guidance for Company adjusted free cash flow, we do not provide guidance for net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities because the GAAP measure will include items that are difficult to quantify or predict with reasonable certainty, including cash flows related to the Company's exposures to foreign currency exchange rates and certain commodity prices (separate from any related hedges), Ford Credit's operating cash flows, and cash flows related to special items, including separation payments, each of which individually or in the aggregate could have a significant impact to our net cash provided by/(used in) our operating activities.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

•

Adjusted Free Cash Conversion (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Cash Provided By / (Used In) Operating Activities divided by Net Income Attributable to Ford) – Adjusted Free Cash Conversion is Company adjusted free cash flow divided by Company Adjusted EBIT. This non-GAAP measure is useful to management and investors because it allows users to evaluate how much of Ford's Adjusted EBIT is converted into cash flow.

•

Adjusted ROIC – Calculated as the sum of adjusted net operating profit after cash tax from the last four quarters, divided by the average invested capital over the last four quarters. Adjusted Return on Invested Capital (“ROIC”) provides management and investors with useful information to evaluate the Company’s after-cash tax operating return on its invested capital for the period presented. Adjusted net operating profit after cash tax measures operating results less special items, interest on debt (excl. Ford Credit Debt), and certain pension/OPEB costs. Average invested capital is the sum of average balance sheet equity, debt (excl. Ford Credit Debt), and net pension/OPEB liability. When we provide guidance for adjusted ROIC, we do not provide guidance on an unadjusted ROIC basis because it will include potentially significant special items that have not yet occurred and are difficult to predict with reasonable certainty prior to year-end.

•

Ford Credit Managed Receivables (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Net Finance Receivables plus Net Investment in Operating Leases) – Measure of Ford Credit’s total net receivables, excluding unearned interest supplements and residual support, allowance for credit losses, and other (primarily accumulated supplemental depreciation). The measure is useful to management and investors as it closely approximates the customer’s outstanding balance on the receivables, which is the basis for earning revenue.

•

Ford Credit Managed Leverage (Most Comparable GAAP Measure: Financial Statement Leverage) – Ford Credit’s debt-to-equity ratio adjusted (i) to exclude cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities (other than amounts related to insurance activities), and (ii) for derivative accounting. The measure is useful to investors because it reflects the way Ford Credit manages its business. Cash, cash equivalents, and marketable securities are deducted because they generally correspond to excess debt beyond the amount required to support operations and on-balance sheet securitization transactions. Derivative accounting adjustments are made to asset, debt, and equity positions to reflect the impact of interest rate instruments used with Ford Credit’s term-debt issuances and securitization transactions. Ford Credit generally repays its debt obligations as they mature, so the interim effects of changes in market interest rates are excluded in the calculation of managed leverage.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Non-GAAP Financial Measure Reconciliations

The following tables show our Non-GAAP financial measure reconciliations. The GAAP reconciliation for Ford Credit Managed Leverage can be found in the Ford Credit Segment section of “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”

Net Income Reconciliation to Adjusted EBIT ($M)



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019			Memo: FY 2018
Net income / (loss) attributable to Ford (GAAP)	$	991		$	425		$	3,793		$	1,719		$	3,677
Income / (Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	2			(2		)	14			37			18
Net income / (loss)	$	993		$	423		$	3,807		$	1,756		$	3,695
Less: (Provision for) / Benefit from income taxes	(101		)	442			(555		)	(40		)	(650		)
Income / (Loss) before income taxes	$	1,094		$	(19	)	$	4,362		$	1,796		$	4,345
Less: Special items pre-tax	(231		)	(1,536		)	(250		)	(3,333		)	(1,429		)
Income / (Loss) before special items pre-tax	$	1,325		$	1,517		$	4,612		$	5,129		$	5,774
Less: Interest on debt	(343		)	(276		)	(933		)	(765		)	(1,228		)
Adjusted EBIT (Non-GAAP)	$	1,668		$	1,793		$	5,545		$	5,894		$	7,002

Memo:
Revenue ($B)	$	37.6		$	37.0		$	118.5		$	116.2		$	160.3
Net income margin (%)	2.6		%	1.1		%	3.2		%	1.5		%	2.3		%
Adjusted EBIT margin (%)	4.4		%	4.8		%	4.7		%	5.1		%	4.4		%

Earnings per Share Reconciliation to Adjusted Earnings per Share



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Diluted After-Tax Results ($M)
Diluted after-tax results (GAAP)	$	991		$	425		$	3,793		$	1,719
Less: Impact of pre-tax and tax special items	(183		)	(931		)	(197		)	(2,505		)
Less: Noncontrolling interests impact of Russia restructuring	—			—			—			(35		)
Adjusted net income – diluted (Non-GAAP)	$	1,174		$	1,356		$	3,990		$	4,259

Basic and Diluted Shares (M)
Basic shares (average shares outstanding)	3,976			3,970			3,976			3,976
Net dilutive options, unvested restricted stock units and restricted stock	24			37			23			30
Diluted shares	4,000			4,007			3,999			4,006

Earnings per share – diluted (GAAP)	$	0.25		$	0.11		$	0.95		$	0.43
Less: Net impact of adjustments	(0.04		)	(0.23		)	(0.05		)	(0.63		)
Adjusted earnings per share – diluted (Non-GAAP)	$	0.29		$	0.34		$	1.00		$	1.06

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Effective Tax Rate Reconciliation to Adjusted Effective Tax Rate



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019			Memo: FY 2018
Pre-Tax Results ($M)
Income / (Loss) before income taxes (GAAP)	$	1,094		$	(19	)	$	4,362		$	1,796		$	4,345
Less: Impact of special items	(231		)	(1,536		)	(250		)	(3,333		)	(1,429		)
Adjusted earnings before taxes (Non-GAAP)	$	1,325		$	1,517		$	4,612		$	5,129		$	5,774

Taxes ($M)
(Provision for) / Benefit from income taxes (GAAP)	$	(101	)	$	442		$	(555	)	$	(40	)	$	(650	)
Less: Impact of special items	48			605			53			828			(88		)
Adjusted (provision for) / benefit from income taxes (Non-GAAP)	$	(149	)	$	(163	)	$	(608	)	$	(868	)	$	(562	)

Tax Rate (%)
Effective tax rate (GAAP)	9.2		%	2,326		%	12.7		%	2.2		%	15.0		%
Adjusted effective tax rate (Non-GAAP)	11.2		%	10.7		%	13.2		%	16.9		%	9.7		%

Net Cash Provided by/(Used in) Operating Activities Reconciliation to Company Adjusted Free Cash Flow ($M)



	Third Quarter						First Nine Months
	2018			2019			2018			2019
Net cash provided by / (used in) operating activities (GAAP)	$	5,179		$	4,732		$	13,665		$	14,739

Less: Items not included in Company Adjusted Free Cash Flows
Ford Credit free cash flows	$	3,811		$	4,523		$	9,403		$	10,908
Funded pension contributions	(123		)	(211		)	(283		)	(611		)
Global Redesign (including separations)	(45		)	(334		)	(79		)	(692		)
Other, net	163			(124		)	104			30

Add: Items included in Company Adjusted Free Cash Flows
Automotive and Mobility capital spending	$	(1,968	)	$	(1,787	)	$	(5,635	)	$	(5,318	)
Ford Credit distributions	600			1,100			2,063			2,425
Settlement of derivatives	109			16			62			76
Pivotal conversion to a marketable security	—			—			263			—

Company adjusted free cash flow (Non-GAAP)	$	115		$	207		$	1,274		$	2,288

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Ford Credit Net Receivables Reconciliation to Managed Receivables ($B)



	September 30, 2018		December 31, 2018		September 30, 2019
Ford Credit finance receivables, net (GAAP) *	$	107.9	$	109.9	$	104.7
Net investment in operating leases (GAAP) *	27.6		27.4		27.5
Consolidating adjustments **	8.1		8.9		8.1
Total net receivables	$	143.6	$	146.3	$	140.3
Ford Credit unearned interest supplements and residual support	6.7		6.8		6.8
Allowance for credit losses	0.6		0.6		0.5
Other, primarily accumulated supplemental depreciation	1.2		1.2		1.1
Total managed receivables (Non-GAAP)	$	152.1	$	154.9	$	148.7

__________

Includes finance receivables (retail and wholesale) sold for legal purposes and net investment in operating leases included in securitization transactions that do not satisfy the requirements for accounting sale treatment. These receivables and operating leases are reported on Ford Credit’s balance sheet and are available only for payment of the debt issued by, and other obligations of, the securitization entities that are parties to those securitization transactions; they are not available to pay the other obligations of Ford Credit or the claims of Ford Credit’s other creditors.


**	Primarily includes Automotive segment receivables purchased by Ford Credit which are classified to Trade and other receivables on our consolidated balance sheet. Also includes eliminations of intersegment transactions.


*	Note: Numbers may not sum due to rounding.

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION

The tables below provide supplemental consolidating financial information, other financial information, and U.S. sales by type. Company excluding Ford Credit includes our Automotive and Mobility reportable segments, Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items. Eliminations, where presented, primarily represent eliminations of intersegment transactions and deferred tax netting.

Selected Cash Flow Information. The following tables provide supplemental cash flow information (in millions):



	For the period ended September 30, 2019
	First Nine Months
Cash flows from operating activities	Company excluding Ford Credit			Ford Credit			Eliminations		Consolidated
Net income	$	(31	)	$	1,787		$	—	$	1,756
Depreciation and tooling amortization	4,574			2,736			—		7,310
Other amortization	38			(929		)	—		(891		)
Held-for-sale impairment charges	799			—			—		799
Provision for credit and insurance losses	—			292			—		292
Pension and OPEB expense/(income)	401			—			—		401
Equity investment (earnings)/losses in excess of dividends received	96			(23		)	—		73
Foreign currency adjustments	116			(67		)	—		49
Net (gain)/loss on changes in investments in affiliates	(39		)	(7		)	—		(46		)
Stock compensation	232			6			—		238
Provision for deferred income taxes	(540		)	137			—		(403		)
Decrease/(Increase) in finance receivables (wholesale and other)	—			2,792			—		2,792
Decrease/(Increase) in intersegment receivables/payables	(684		)	684			—		—
Decrease/(Increase) in accounts receivable and other assets	(1,043		)	20			—		(1,023		)
Decrease/(Increase) in inventory	(1,790		)	—			—		(1,790		)
Increase/(Decrease) in accounts payable and accrued and other liabilities	5,364			(138		)	—		5,226
Other	(4		)	(40		)	—		(44		)
Interest supplements and residual value support to Ford Credit	(3,658		)	3,658			—		—
Net cash provided by/(used in) operating activities	$	3,831		$	10,908		$	—	$	14,739



Cash flows from investing activities	Company excluding Ford Credit			Ford Credit			Eliminations			Consolidated
Capital spending	$	(5,318	)	$	(40	)	$	—		$	(5,358	)
Acquisitions of finance receivables and operating leases	—			(41,142		)	—			(41,142		)
Collections of finance receivables and operating leases	—			37,854			—			37,854
Purchases of marketable securities and other investments	(7,929		)	(4,438		)	—			(12,367		)
Sales and maturities of marketable securities and other investments	10,210			2,322			—			12,532
Settlements of derivatives	76			87			—			163
Other	(50		)	(3		)	—			(53		)
Investing activity (to)/from other segments	2,504			—			(2,504		)	—
Net cash provided by/(used in) investing activities	$	(507	)	$	(5,360	)	$	(2,504	)	$	(8,371	)



Cash flows from financing activities	Company excluding Ford Credit			Ford Credit			Eliminations		Consolidated
Cash payments for dividends and dividend equivalents	$	(1,794	)	$	—		$	—	$	(1,794	)
Purchases of common stock	(237		)	—			—		(237		)
Net changes in short-term debt	18			(1,112		)	—		(1,094		)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt	2,282			33,423			—		35,705
Principal payments on long-term debt	(1,631		)	(33,216		)	—		(34,847		)
Other	(86		)	(87		)	—		(173		)
Financing activity to/(from) other segments	—			(2,504		)	2,504		—
Net cash provided by/(used in) financing activities	$	(1,448	)	$	(3,496	)	$	2,504	$	(2,440	)

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash	$	(61	)	$	(93	)	$	—	$	(154	)

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Income Statement Information. The following table provides supplemental income statement information (in millions):



	For the period ended September 30, 2019
	Third Quarter
	Company excluding Ford Credit
	Automotive			Mobility			Other (a)			Subtotal			Ford Credit		Consolidated
Revenues	$	33,931		$	14		$	—		$	33,945		$	3,045	$	36,990
Total costs and expenses	33,158			339			1,386			34,883			2,368		37,251
Operating income	773			(325		)	(1,386		)	(938		)	677		(261		)
Interest expense on Automotive debt	—			—			262			262			—		262
Interest expense on Other debt	—			—			14			14			—		14
Other income/(loss), net	583			33			(132		)	484			50		534
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	(27		)	2			—			(25		)	9		(16		)
Income/(Loss) before income taxes	1,329			(290		)	(1,794		)	(755		)	736		(19		)
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	132			(70		)	(669		)	(607		)	165		(442		)
Net income/(loss)	1,197			(220		)	(1,125		)	(148		)	571		423
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	(2		)	—			—			(2		)	—		(2		)
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	1,199		$	(220	)	$	(1,125	)	$	(146	)	$	571	$	425



	For the period ended September 30, 2019
	First Nine Months
	Company excluding Ford Credit
	Automotive		Mobility			Other (a)			Subtotal			Ford Credit		Consolidated
Revenues	$	106,928	$	26		$	—		$	106,954		$	9,231	$	116,185
Total costs and expenses	103,742		986			3,322			108,050			7,104		115,154
Operating income	3,186		(960		)	(3,322		)	(1,096		)	2,127		1,031
Interest expense on Automotive debt	—		—			723			723			—		723
Interest expense on Other debt	—		—			42			42			—		42
Other income/(loss), net	1,463		107			(354		)	1,216			218		1,434
Equity in net income of affiliated companies	62		11			—			73			23		96
Income/(Loss) before income taxes	4,711		(842		)	(4,441		)	(572		)	2,368		1,796
Provision for/(Benefit from) income taxes	757		(203		)	(1,095		)	(541		)	581		40
Net income/(loss)	3,954		(639		)	(3,346		)	(31		)	1,787		1,756
Less: Income/(Loss) attributable to noncontrolling interests	37		—			—			37			—		37
Net income/(loss) attributable to Ford Motor Company	$	3,917	$	(639	)	$	(3,346	)	$	(68	)	$	1,787	$	1,719

(a) Other includes Corporate Other, Interest on Debt, and Special Items

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Balance Sheet Information. The following tables provide supplemental balance sheet information (in millions):



	September 30, 2019
Assets	Company excluding Ford Credit		Ford Credit		Eliminations			Consolidated
Cash and cash equivalents	$	8,944	$	11,579	$	—		$	20,523
Marketable securities	13,354		3,454		—			16,808
Ford Credit finance receivables, net	—		51,183		—			51,183
Trade and other receivables, less allowances	3,700		6,921		—			10,621
Inventories	12,451		—		—			12,451
Assets of held-for-sale operations	812		—		—			812
Other assets	2,061		1,295		—			3,356
Receivable from other segments	301		2,095		(2,396		)	—
Total current assets	41,623		76,527		(2,396		)	115,754

Ford Credit finance receivables, net	—		53,530		—			53,530
Net investment in operating leases	1,960		27,492		—			29,452
Net property	35,195		209		—			35,404
Equity in net assets of affiliated companies	2,502		121		—			2,623
Deferred income taxes	12,906		182		(2,411		)	10,677
Other assets	8,458		2,259		—			10,717
Receivable from other segments	414		2		(416		)	—
Total assets	$	103,058	$	160,322	$	(5,223	)	$	258,157



Liabilities	Company excluding Ford Credit		Ford Credit		Eliminations			Consolidated
Payables	$	21,156	$	1,072	$	—		$	22,228
Other liabilities and deferred revenue	20,151		1,580		—			21,731
Automotive debt payable within one year	1,622		—		—			1,622
Ford Credit debt payable within one year	—		52,852		—			52,852
Other debt payable within one year	130		—		—			130
Liabilities of held-for-sale operations	524		—		—			524
Payable to other segments	2,396		—		(2,396		)	—
Total current liabilities	45,979		55,504		(2,396		)	99,087

Other liabilities and deferred revenue	22,607		1,122		—			23,729
Automotive long-term debt	12,615		—		—			12,615
Ford Credit long-term debt	—		86,422		—			86,422
Other long-term debt	470		—		—			470
Deferred income taxes	146		2,712		(2,411		)	447
Payable to other segments	9		407		(416		)	—
Total liabilities	$	81,826	$	146,167	$	(5,223	)	$	222,770

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

Selected Other Information.

Equity. At September 30, 2019, total equity attributable to Ford was $35.3 billion, a decrease of $583 million compared with December 31, 2018. The detail for this change is shown below (in billions):



	Increase/ (Decrease)
Net income	$	1.7
Shareholder distributions	(2.0		)
Common stock issued (including share-based compensation impacts)	0.2
Other comprehensive income	(0.5		)
Total	$	(0.6	)

U.S. Sales by Type. The following table shows third quarter 2019 U.S. sales volume and U.S. wholesales segregated by truck, SUV, and car sales. U.S. sales volume reflects transactions with (i) retail and fleet customers (as reported by dealers), (ii) governments, and (iii) Ford management. U.S. wholesales reflect sales to dealers.



	U.S. Sales	U.S. Wholesales
Trucks	309,920	304,584
SUVs	193,100	185,425
Cars	77,231	67,288
Total Vehicles	580,251	557,297

Item 2. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES

Based on events occurring subsequent to December 31, 2018, we are updating certain of the Critical Accounting Estimates disclosed in our 2018 Form 10-K Report.

Impairment of Long-Lived Assets

Nature of Estimates Required - Held-for-Sale Operations. We perform an impairment test on an asset group to be discontinued, held for sale, or otherwise disposed of when management has committed to the action and the action is expected to be completed within one year. We estimate fair value to approximate the expected proceeds to be received, less transaction costs, and compare it to the carrying value of the asset group. An impairment charge is recognized when the carrying value exceeds the estimated fair value.

Assumptions and Approach Used. In the third quarter of 2019, we committed to a plan to sell specific assets in our India Automotive operations. We entered into a definitive agreement to form a joint venture with Mahindra & Mahindra Limited (“Mahindra”), with Mahindra owning a 51 percent controlling stake and Ford owning a 49 percent stake. Under the terms of the transaction, which is expected to close in the next twelve months, Ford will sell certain India Automotive operations to the joint venture.

Our commitment to sell the India Automotive operations triggered a held-for-sale impairment test in the third quarter of 2019. The fair value of the assets is measured using a market approach and estimated based on expected proceeds to be received, which we conclude is most representative of the value of the assets given the current market conditions, the characteristics of viable market participants, and the pending sales transaction. As a result of the impairment testing, we recognized a pre-tax impairment charge of $799 million reported in Cost of sales in the third quarter of 2019.

ACCOUNTING STANDARDS ISSUED BUT NOT YET ADOPTED

The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) has issued the following Accounting Standards Updates (“ASU”) which are not expected to have a material impact (with the exception of ASU 2016-13) to our financial statements or financial statement disclosures. For additional information, see Note 2 of the Notes to the Financial Statements.



ASU		Effective Date (a)
2018-18	Clarifying the Interaction between Collaborative Arrangements and Revenue from Contracts with Customers	January 1, 2020
2018-15	Customer’s Accounting for Implementation Costs Incurred in a Cloud Computing Arrangement that is a Service Contract	January 1, 2020
2016-13	Credit Losses - Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments	January 1, 2020 (b)
2018-14	Changes to the Disclosure Requirements for Defined Benefits Plans	January 1, 2021
2018-12	Targeted Improvements to the Accounting for Long Duration Contracts	January 1, 2021

__________


(a)	Early adoption for each of the standards is permitted.


(b)	The FASB has issued the following update to the Credit Losses standard: ASU 2019-05 (Targeted Transition Relief). We will adopt the new Credit Losses standard effective January 1, 2020.

ITEM 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.

Automotive Segment

Foreign Currency Risk. The net fair value of foreign exchange forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2019, was an asset of $1 million, compared with an asset of $363 million as of December 31, 2018. The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying exchange rates, in U.S. dollar terms, was $2.2 billion at September 30, 2019, compared with $2.5 billion at December 31, 2018.

Commodity Price Risk. The net fair value of commodity forward contracts (including adjustments for credit risk) as of September 30, 2019, was a liability of $72 million, compared with a liability of $62 million at December 31, 2018. The potential decrease in fair value from a 10% adverse change in the underlying commodity prices, in U.S. dollar terms, was $91 million at September 30, 2019, compared with $90 million at December 31, 2018.

Ford Credit Segment

Interest Rate Risk. To provide a quantitative measure of the sensitivity of its pre-tax cash flow to changes in interest rates, Ford Credit uses interest rate scenarios that assume a hypothetical, instantaneous increase or decrease of one percentage point in all interest rates across all maturities (a “parallel shift”), as well as a base case that assumes that all interest rates remain constant at existing levels. The differences in pre-tax cash flow between these scenarios and the base case over a 12-month period represent an estimate of the sensitivity of Ford Credit’s pre-tax cash flow. Under this model, Ford Credit estimates that at September 30, 2019, all else constant, such an increase in interest rates would increase its pre-tax cash flow by $2 million over the next 12 months, compared with an increase of $51 million at December 31, 2018. In reality, interest rate changes are rarely instantaneous or parallel and rates could move more or less than the one percentage point assumed in Ford Credit’s analysis. As a result, the actual impact to pre-tax cash flow could be higher or lower than the results detailed above.

ITEM 4. Controls and Procedures.

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. James P. Hackett, our Chief Executive Officer (“CEO”), and Tim Stone, our Chief Financial Officer (“CFO”), have performed an evaluation of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures, as that term is defined in Rule 13a-15(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”), as of September 30, 2019, and each has concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that information required to be disclosed in our periodic reports filed under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified by SEC rules and forms, and that such information is accumulated and communicated to the CEO and CFO to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures.

Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting. There were no changes in internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. Legal Proceedings.

CONSUMER MATTERS

We provide warranties on the vehicles we sell. Warranties are offered for specific periods of time and/or mileage, and vary depending upon the type of product and the geographic location of its sale. Pursuant to these warranties, we will repair, replace, or adjust all parts on a vehicle that are defective in factory-supplied materials or workmanship during the specified warranty period. We are a defendant in numerous actions in state and federal courts alleging damages based on state and federal consumer protection laws and breach of warranty obligations. Remedies under these statutes may include repurchase, civil penalties, and plaintiff’s attorney fees. In some cases, plaintiffs also include an allegation of fraud.

The cost of these matters is included in our warranty costs. We accrue obligations for warranty costs at the time of sale using a patterned estimation model that includes historical information regarding the nature, frequency, and average cost of claims for each vehicle line by model year. We reevaluate the adequacy of our accruals on a regular basis.

As previously reported, we are currently a defendant in a significant number of litigation matters relating to the performance of vehicles equipped with DPS6 transmissions.

OTHER MATTERS

Transit Connect Customs Ruling (as previously reported on page 23 of our 2018 Form 10-K Report, in our Current Report on Form 8-K filed on June 12, 2019, and on page 74 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019). On March 8, 2013, U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”) ruled that Transit Connects imported as passenger wagons and later converted into cargo vans are subject to the 25% duty applicable to cargo vehicles, rather than the 2.5% duty applicable to passenger vehicles. As a result of the ruling, CBP is requiring Ford to pay the 25% duty upon importation of Transit Connects that will be converted to cargo vehicles, and is seeking the difference in duty rates for prior imports. Our protest of the ruling within CBP was denied, and we filed a challenge in the U.S. Court of International Trade (“CIT”). On August 9, 2017, the CIT ruled in our favor. On October 6, 2017, CBP filed a notice of appeal to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit (the “Federal Circuit”), and on June 7, 2019, a panel of three Federal Circuit judges ruled in favor of CBP. On July 22, 2019, we filed a petition for rehearing and rehearing en banc with the Federal Circuit. On October 16, 2019, the Federal Circuit denied our petition. We intend to file a petition for a writ of certiorari with the U.S. Supreme Court. If we prevail, we will receive a refund of the contested amounts paid, plus interest. If we do not prevail, CBP would recover the increased duties for prior imports, plus interest, and might assert a claim for penalties.

Emissions Certification (as previously reported on page 23 of our 2018 Form 10-K Report, on page 70 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019, and on page 74 of our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2019). The Company has become aware of a potential concern involving its U.S. emissions certification process. This matter currently focuses on issues relating to road load estimations, including analytical modeling and coastdown testing. The potential concern does not involve the use of defeat devices (see page 10 of our 2018 Form 10-K Report for a definition of defeat devices). We voluntarily disclosed this matter to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the California Air Resources Board on February 18, 2019 and February 21, 2019, respectively. Subsequently, the U.S. Department of Justice opened a criminal investigation into the matter. In addition, we have notified a number of other state and federal agencies. We continue to cooperate fully with all government agencies. At this stage, we cannot predict the outcome, and we cannot provide assurance that it will not have a material adverse effect on us.

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors.

The risk factor “Ford Credit’s access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors” included in Item 1A of our 2018 Form 10-K Report is revised as follows:

Ford and Ford Credit’s access to debt, securitization, or derivative markets around the world at competitive rates or in sufficient amounts could be affected by credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, regulatory requirements, or other factors. Ford and Ford Credit’s ability to obtain unsecured funding at a reasonable cost is dependent on their credit ratings or their perceived creditworthiness. Further, Ford Credit’s ability to obtain securitized funding under its committed asset-backed liquidity programs and certain other asset-backed securitization transactions is subject to having a sufficient amount of assets eligible for these programs, as well as Ford Credit’s ability to obtain appropriate credit ratings and, for certain committed programs, derivatives to manage the interest rate risk. Over time, and particularly in the event of credit rating downgrades, market volatility, market disruption, or other factors, Ford Credit may reduce the amount of receivables it purchases or originates because of funding constraints. The potential phase out of LIBOR is one such risk that could cause market volatility or disruption. In July 2017 the chief executive of the United Kingdom Financial Conduct Authority (the “FCA”), which regulates LIBOR, announced that the FCA intends to stop compelling banks to submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021. It is unknown whether any banks will continue to voluntarily submit rates for the calculation of LIBOR after 2021 or whether LIBOR will continue to be published by its administrator based on these submissions or on any other basis. It is not possible to predict the effect of these changes, other reforms, or the establishment of alternative reference rates, but the potential phase out of LIBOR could adversely affect Ford Credit’s access to the capital markets and cost of funding. In addition, Ford Credit may be limited in the amount of receivables it purchases or originates in certain countries or regions if the local capital markets, particularly in developing countries, do not exist or are not adequately developed. Similarly, Ford Credit may reduce the amount of receivables it purchases or originates if there is a significant decline in the demand for the types of securities it offers or Ford Credit is unable to obtain derivatives to manage the interest rate risk associated with its securitization transactions. A significant reduction in the amount of receivables Ford Credit purchases or originates would significantly reduce its ongoing profits and could adversely affect its ability to support the sale of Ford vehicles.

ITEM 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

In the third quarter of 2019, we completed a modest anti-dilutive share repurchase program to offset the dilutive effect of share-based compensation granted during 2019. The plan authorized repurchases of up to 25 million shares of Ford Common Stock.



Period	Total Number of Shares Purchased	Average Price Paid per Share		Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs	Maximum Number (or Approximate Dollar Value) of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs
July 1, 2019 through July 31, 2019	5,520,119	$	9.61	—	19,479,881
August 1, 2019 through August 31, 2019	19,479,881	$	9.42	—	—
Total/Average	25,000,000	$	9.46

Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations (Continued)

ITEM 6. Exhibits.



Designation	Description	Method of Filing
Exhibit 31.1	Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CEO.	Filed with this Report.
Exhibit 31.2	Rule 15d-14(a) Certification of CFO.	Filed with this Report.
Exhibit 32.1	Section 1350 Certification of CEO.	Furnished with this Report.
Exhibit 32.2	Section 1350 Certification of CFO.	Furnished with this Report.
Exhibit 101.INS	Interactive Data Files pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (“Inline XBRL”).	*
Exhibit 101.SCH	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.	*
Exhibit 101.CAL	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.LAB	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.PRE	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 101.DEF	XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.	*
Exhibit 104	Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted in Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101).	*

__________

* Submitted electronically with this Report.

SIGNATURE

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

FORD MOTOR COMPANY



By:	/s/ Cathy O’Callaghan
	Cathy O’Callaghan, Controller
	(principal accounting officer)

Date:	October 23, 2019

Exhibit 31.1

CERTIFICATION

I, James P. Hackett, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 of Ford Motor Company;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(a) All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Dated:	October 23, 2019	/s/ James P. Hackett
		James P. Hackett
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 31.2

CERTIFICATION

I, Tim Stone, certify that:


1.	I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019 of Ford Motor Company;


2.	Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;


3.	Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;


4.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:


(a)	Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;


(b)	Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;


(c)	Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and


(d)	Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and


5.	The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):

(b) Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.



Dated:	October 23, 2019	/s/ Tim Stone
		Tim Stone
		Chief Financial Officer

Exhibit 32.1

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICER

I, James P. Hackett, President and Chief Executive Officer of Ford Motor Company (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code that to my knowledge:


1.	The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019, to which this statement is furnished as an exhibit (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and


2.	The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



Dated:	October 23, 2019	/s/ James P. Hackett
		James P. Hackett
		President and Chief Executive Officer

Exhibit 32.2

CERTIFICATION OF CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER

I, Tim Stone, Chief Financial Officer of Ford Motor Company (the “Company”), hereby certify pursuant to Rule 13a-14(b) or Rule 15d-14(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and Section 1350 of Chapter 63 of Title 18 of the United States Code that to my knowledge:


1.	The Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2019, to which this statement is furnished as an exhibit (the “Report”), fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and


2.	The information contained in this Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.



Dated:	October 23, 2019	/s/ Tim Stone
		Tim Stone
		Chief Financial Officer