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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
____________________________________________
FORM 10-Q
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021
OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from                      to                     
Commission File No. 001-36609
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware 36-2723087
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
50 South LaSalle Street 60603
Chicago, Illinois (Zip Code)
(Address of principal executive offices)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (312) 630-6000
____________________________________________
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, $1.66 2/3 Par Value NTRS The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Depositary Shares, each representing 1/1,000th interest in a share of Series E Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock NTRSO The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).    Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
Large accelerated filer x Accelerated filer ¨
Non-accelerated filer ¨ Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    Yes     No  x
At September 30, 2021, 207,661,247 shares of common stock, $1.66 2/3 par value, were outstanding.



NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
FOR THE QUARTERLY PERIOD ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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i

CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(UNAUDITED)
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
CONDENSED INCOME STATEMENTS ($ In Millions) 2021 2020
% CHANGE(1)
2021 2020
% CHANGE(1)
Noninterest Income $ 1,287.4  $ 1,156.5  11  % $ 3,775.4  $ 3,470.1  %
Net Interest Income 346.4  328.6  1,022.1  1,108.8  (8)
Total Revenue 1,633.8  1,485.1  10  4,797.5  4,578.9 
Provision for Credit Losses (13.0) 0.5  N/M (70.0) 127.5  N/M
Noninterest Expense 1,128.7  1,094.7  3,367.0  3,197.2 
Income before Income Taxes 518.1  389.9  33  1,500.5  1,254.2  20 
Provision for Income Taxes 122.4  95.4  28  361.6  285.8  27 
Net Income $ 395.7  $ 294.5  34  % $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4  18  %
PER COMMON SHARE
Net Income — Basic $ 1.81  $ 1.32  37  % $ 5.24  $ 4.35  21  %
— Diluted 1.80  1.32  37  5.22  4.34  20 
Cash Dividends Declared Per Common Share 0.70  0.70  —  2.10  2.10  — 
Book Value — End of Period (EOP) 53.04  51.38  53.04  51.38 
Market Price — EOP 107.81  77.97  38  107.81  77.97  38 
SELECTED BALANCE SHEET DATA ($ In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
% CHANGE(1)
End of Period:
Total Assets $ 169,085.7  $ 170,003.9  (1) %
Earning Assets 155,897.4  158,531.6  (2)
Deposits 141,924.6  143,878.0  (1)
Stockholders’ Equity 11,898.8  11,688.3 
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020
% CHANGE(1)
2021 2020
% CHANGE(1)
Average Balances:
Total Assets $ 156,452.8  $ 140,925.4  11  % $ 154,681.3  $ 134,645.2  15  %
Earning Assets 143,953.4  129,368.0  11  142,201.1  121,748.2  17 
Deposits 129,795.4  112,844.7  15  128,082.2  106,290.9  21 
Stockholders’ Equity 11,852.9  11,402.9  11,648.2  11,078.3 
CLIENT ASSETS ($ In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
% CHANGE(1)
Assets Under Custody/Administration(2)
$ 15,776.2  $ 14,532.5  %
Assets Under Custody 12,246.5  11,262.8 
Assets Under Management 1,532.4  1,405.3 
N/M - Not meaningful
(1)    Percentage calculations are based on actual balances rather than the rounded amounts presented in the Consolidated Financial Highlights.
(2)    For the purposes of disclosing Assets Under Custody/Administration, to the extent that both custody and administration services are provided, the value of the assets is included only once in this amount.



1

SELECTED RATIOS AND METRICS
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Financial Ratios:
Return on Average Common Equity 13.7  % 10.5  % 13.7  % 12.0  %
Return on Average Assets 1.00  0.83  0.98  0.96 
Dividend Payout Ratio 38.9  53.0  40.2  48.4 
Net Interest Margin(1)
0.98  1.03  0.99  1.24 
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
STANDARDIZED
APPROACH
ADVANCED
APPROACH
STANDARDIZED
APPROACH
ADVANCED
APPROACH
WELL-CAPITALIZED RATIOS MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS
Capital Ratios:
Northern Trust Corporation
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital 11.9  % 13.0  % 12.8  % 13.4  % N/A 4.5  %
Tier 1 Capital 12.9  14.1  13.9  14.5  6.0  6.0 
Total Capital 14.3  15.4  15.6  15.9  10.0  8.0 
Tier 1 Leverage 7.1  7.1  7.6  7.6  N/A 4.0 
Supplementary Leverage N/A 8.4  N/A 8.6  N/A 3.0 
The Northern Trust Company
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital 12.5  % 13.8  % 13.0  % 13.8  % 6.5  % 4.5  %
Tier 1 Capital 12.5  13.8  13.0  13.8  8.0  6.0 
Total Capital 13.7  14.9  14.5  15.0  10.0  8.0 
Tier 1 Leverage 6.8  6.8  7.0  7.0  5.0  4.0 
Supplementary Leverage N/A 8.1  N/A 7.7  3.0  3.0 
(1)    Net interest margin is presented on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis, a non-generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) financial measure that facilitates the analysis of asset yields. The net interest margin on a GAAP basis and a reconciliation of net interest income on a GAAP basis to net interest income on an FTE basis are presented on page 32.
2


PART I – FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Items 2. and 3. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations and Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk
The following is management’s discussion and analysis of the financial condition and results of operations (MD&A) of Northern Trust Corporation (Corporation) for the third quarter of 2021. The following should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and related footnotes included in this report as well as the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. Investors also should read the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements.”
THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
General
The Corporation is a leading provider of wealth management, asset servicing, asset management and banking solutions to corporations, institutions, families and individuals. The Corporation focuses on managing and servicing client assets through its two client-focused reporting segments: Corporate & Institutional Services (C&IS) and Wealth Management. Asset management and related services are provided to C&IS and Wealth Management clients primarily by the Asset Management business. Except where the context requires otherwise, the terms “Northern Trust,” “we,” “us,” “our,” “its,” or similar terms mean the Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis.
COVID-19 Pandemic
During the COVID-19 pandemic, Northern Trust has remained focused on the health and well-being of its workforce, meeting its clients’ needs and supporting its communities. The majority of Northern Trust’s workforce continues to work remotely and the Corporation continues to adjust its response to the pandemic as needed. The timing of any return to the office (RTO) will be driven by the operational, business, and client needs of each location, and will be guided by health and safety guidelines. Given the recent trend of the virus, a broader RTO that had been planned for the third quarter of 2021 has been delayed indefinitely.
During the pandemic, Northern Trust offered assistance to affected clients by lending under a government lending program and providing payment deferrals. In addition, there have been two forms of relief provided to lenders exempting certain loan modifications which would otherwise be classified as troubled debt restructuring from such classification. Northern Trust elected to apply each of these forms of relief, when applicable, in providing borrowers with qualifying loan modifications, including payment deferrals, in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Both of these assistance measures have declined since the start of the pandemic. For further information, please refer to Note 6 — Loans and Leases to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Overview of Financial Results
Net Income per diluted common share increased in the current quarter to $1.80 from $1.32 in the third quarter of 2020. Net Income increased $101.2 million, or 34%, to $395.7 million in the current quarter from $294.5 million in the prior-year quarter. Annualized return on average common equity was 13.7% in the current quarter and 10.5% in the prior-year quarter. The annualized return on average assets was 1.00% in the current quarter as compared to 0.83% in the prior-year quarter.
Revenue increased $148.7 million, or 10%, to $1.63 billion in the current quarter from $1.49 billion in the prior-year quarter.
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees increased $107.2 million, or 11%, from $1.00 billion in the prior-year quarter to $1.11 billion in the current quarter, primarily due to favorable markets, new business, and favorable currency translation, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers.
Other Noninterest Income increased $23.7 million, or 16%, from $152.7 million in the prior-year quarter to $176.4 million in the current quarter, primarily reflecting higher Security Commissions and Trading Income and Other Operating Income.
Net Interest Income increased $17.8 million, or 5%, to $346.4 million in the current quarter as compared to $328.6 million in the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher average earning assets, partially offset by a lower net interest margin.
There was a $13.0 million release of credit reserves in the current quarter, as compared to a provision of $0.5 million in the prior-year quarter. The current quarter release of credit reserves was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality, partially offset by portfolio growth. Decreases in the collective basis reserve were primarily in the commercial and institutional and commercial real estate portfolios.
Noninterest Expense increased $34.0 million, or 3%, from $1.09 billion in the prior-year quarter to $1.13 billion in the current quarter, primarily attributable to higher Compensation, Outside Services, Equipment and Software expense, and Employee Benefits, offset by lower Other Operating Expense.
3

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Overview of Financial Results (continued)
The Provision for Income Taxes in the current quarter totaled $122.4 million, representing an effective tax rate of 23.6%. The Provision for Income Taxes in the prior-year quarter totaled $95.4 million, representing an effective tax rate of 24.5%. The effective tax rate decreased compared to the prior-year quarter primarily due to an increase in allocated tax credits related to community development projects and a lower net tax impact from international operations.
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees are based primarily on the market value of assets held in custody, managed or serviced; the volume of transactions; securities lending volume and spreads; and fees for other services rendered. Certain market value calculations on which fees are based are performed on a monthly or quarterly basis in arrears. Low-interest-rate environments have historically had a negative impact on fees earned on certain products. Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Corporation began to waive a portion of certain fees associated with money market mutual funds due to the low-interest-rate environment. Northern Trust voluntarily waived $76.7 million and $5.4 million of money market mutual fund fees for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These fee waivers, which are impacted by the level of yields earned and account balances in certain funds, are expected to continue in the current low-interest-rate environment as the yields in these funds remain insufficient to pay the stated fees associated with such funds. This is expected to adversely impact Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees within the C&IS and Wealth Management reporting segments.
The components of Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees are provided below.
TABLE 1: TRUST, INVESTMENT AND OTHER SERVICING FEES
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
C&IS Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Custody and Fund Administration $ 460.2  $ 395.0  $ 65.2  17  %
Investment Management 113.6  136.8  (23.2) (17)
Securities Lending 20.2  19.7  0.5 
Other 36.2  33.4  2.8 
Total C&IS Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 630.2  $ 584.9  $ 45.3  %
Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Central $ 178.8  $ 151.1  $ 27.7  18  %
East 130.2  110.9  19.3  17 
West 97.0  84.7  12.3  15 
Global Family Office 74.8  72.2  2.6 
Total Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 480.8  $ 418.9  $ 61.9  15  %
Total Consolidated Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,111.0  $ 1,003.8  $ 107.2  11  %
Corporate & Institutional Services
Custody and Fund Administration fees, the largest component of C&IS fees, are driven primarily by values of client assets under custody/administration (AUC/A), transaction volumes and the number of accounts. The asset values used to calculate these fees vary depending on the individual fee arrangements negotiated with each client. Custody fees related to asset values are client-specific and are priced based on month-end market values, quarter-end market values, or the average of month-end market values for the quarter. The fund administration fees that are asset-value-related are priced using month-end, quarter-end, or average daily balances. Investment Management fees are based generally on market values of client assets under management throughout the period. Typically, the asset values used to calculate fee revenue are based on a one-month or one-quarter lag.
Custody and Fund Administration fees increased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to favorable markets and new business. Investment Management fees decreased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher money market mutual fund fee waivers, partially offset by favorable markets and new business.
Wealth Management
Wealth Management fee income is calculated primarily based on market values and is impacted by both one-month and one-quarter lagged asset values. Fee income in the regions (Central, East and West) increased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to favorable markets and new business, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers. Global Family Office fee income increased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to favorable markets and new business, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers.
4

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees (continued)

Market Indices
The following tables present selected market indices and the percentage changes year over year to provide context regarding equity and fixed income market impacts on the Corporation’s results.
TABLE 2: EQUITY MARKET INDICES
DAILY AVERAGES PERIOD-END
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020 CHANGE 2021 2020 CHANGE
S&P 500 4,420  3,316  33  % 4,308  3,363  28  %
MSCI EAFE (U.S. dollars) 2,337  1,871  25  2,281  1,855  23 
MSCI EAFE (local currency) 1,326  1,068  24  1,315  1,057  24 
TABLE 3: FIXED INCOME MARKET INDICES
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020 CHANGE
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index 2,355  2,376  (1) %
Barclays Capital Global Aggregate Bond Index 536  541  (1)
Client Assets
As noted above, AUC/A and assets under management are two of the primary drivers of our Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees. For the purposes of disclosing AUC/A, to the extent that both custody and administration services are provided, the value of the assets is included only once in this amount. The following table presents AUC/A by reporting segment.
TABLE 4: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY / ADMINISTRATION BY REPORTING SEGMENT
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 CHANGE Q3-21/Q2-21 CHANGE Q3-21/Q3-20
($ In Billions)
Corporate & Institutional Services $ 14,800.2  $ 14,754.1  $ 12,263.2  —  % 21  %
Wealth Management 976.0  973.0  814.4  —  20 
Total Assets Under Custody / Administration $ 15,776.2  $ 15,727.1  $ 13,077.6  —  % 21  %
The following table presents Northern Trust’s assets under custody, a component of AUC/A, by reporting segment.
TABLE 5: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY BY REPORTING SEGMENT
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 CHANGE Q3-21/Q2-21 CHANGE Q3-21/Q3-20
($ In Billions)
Corporate & Institutional Services $ 11,283.6  $ 11,260.8  $ 9,312.2  —  % 21  %
Wealth Management 962.9  967.8  810.4  —  19 
Total Assets Under Custody $ 12,246.5  $ 12,228.6  $ 10,122.6  —  % 21  %
Consolidated assets under custody increased from the prior quarter, primarily reflecting the impact of net inflows and favorable markets, partially offset by unfavorable currency translation. Consolidated assets under custody increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily reflecting the impact of favorable markets, net inflows and favorable currency translation.
The following table presents the allocation of Northern Trust’s custodied assets by reporting segment.
TABLE 6: ALLOCATION OF ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
C&IS WM TOTAL C&IS WM TOTAL C&IS WM TOTAL
Equities 47  % 62  % 48  % 47  % 64  % 48  % 44  % 60  % 44  %
Fixed Income Securities 35  14  33  35  14  33  37  16  36 
Cash and Other Assets 16  24  17  16  22  17  17  24  18 
Securities Lending Collateral 2    2  —  — 
The following table presents Northern Trust’s assets under custody by investment type.
5

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees (continued)

TABLE 7: ASSETS UNDER CUSTODY BY INVESTMENT TYPE
($ In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 CHANGE Q3-21/Q2-21 CHANGE Q3-21/Q3-20
Equities $ 5,899.5  $ 5,951.0  $ 4,532.2  (1) % 30  %
Fixed Income Securities 4,046.5  4,029.6  3,614.6  —  12 
Cash and Other Assets 2,092.4  2,048.7  1,802.9  16 
Securities Lending Collateral 208.1  199.3  172.9  20 
Total Assets Under Custody $ 12,246.5  $ 12,228.6  $ 10,122.6  —  % 21  %
The following table presents Northern Trust’s assets under management by reporting segment.
TABLE 8: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY REPORTING SEGMENT
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 CHANGE Q3-21/Q2-21 CHANGE Q3-21/Q3-20
($ In Billions)
Corporate & Institutional Services $ 1,159.5  $ 1,168.3  $ 993.2  (1) % 17  %
Wealth Management 372.9  371.1  318.5  —  17 
Total Assets Under Management $ 1,532.4  $ 1,539.4  $ 1,311.7  —  % 17  %
Consolidated assets under management decreased compared to the prior quarter, primarily reflecting unfavorable markets and currency translation, partially offset by net inflows. Consolidated assets under management increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily reflecting favorable markets and net inflows.
The following table presents the allocation of Northern Trust’s assets under management by reporting segment.
TABLE 9: ALLOCATION OF ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
C&IS WM TOTAL C&IS WM TOTAL C&IS WM TOTAL
Equities 51  % 57  % 53  % 53  % 57  % 54  % 50  % 49  % 50  %
Fixed Income Securities 11  22  14  11  22  14  12  26  15 
Cash and Other Assets 20  21  19  19  21  19  21  25  22 
Securities Lending Collateral 18    14  17  —  13  17  —  13 
The following table presents Northern Trust’s assets under management by investment type.
TABLE 10: ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY INVESTMENT TYPE
($ In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 CHANGE Q3-21/Q2-21 CHANGE Q3-21/Q3-20
Equities $ 806.4  $ 827.8  $ 648.8  (3) % 24  %
Fixed Income Securities 210.6  214.9  201.6  (2)
Cash and Other Assets 307.3  297.4  288.4 
Securities Lending Collateral 208.1  199.3  172.9  20 
Total Assets Under Management $ 1,532.4  $ 1,539.4  $ 1,311.7  —  % 17  %
6

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees (continued)

The following table presents activity in consolidated assets under management by product.
TABLE 11: ACTIVITY IN CONSOLIDATED ASSETS UNDER MANAGEMENT BY PRODUCT
THREE MONTHS ENDED
($ In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 MARCH 31, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
Beginning Balance of AUM $ 1,539.4  $ 1,449.1  $ 1,405.3  $ 1,311.7  $ 1,257.8 
Inflows by Product
Equities 82.0  72.0  84.2  52.0  42.6 
Fixed Income 16.7  13.1  15.3  18.7  16.4 
Cash and Other Assets 183.5  197.2  165.6  188.5  189.9 
Securities Lending Collateral 71.2  64.0  74.1  64.2  57.2 
Total Inflows 353.4  346.3  339.2  323.4  306.1 
Outflows by Product
Equities (102.1) (72.9) (88.4) (58.1) (48.3)
Fixed Income (15.6) (10.6) (14.8) (17.5) (13.9)
Cash and Other Assets (170.5) (184.9) (163.9) (203.0) (195.3)
Securities Lending Collateral (62.4) (65.8) (59.8) (50.2) (50.0)
Total Outflows (350.6) (334.2) (326.9) (328.8) (307.5)
Net Inflows (Outflows) 2.8  12.1  12.3  (5.4) (1.4)
Market Performance, Currency & Other
Market Performance & Other (5.9) 76.7  37.2  91.0  51.4 
Currency (3.9) 1.5  (5.7) 8.0  3.9 
Total Market Performance, Currency & Other (9.8) 78.2  31.5  99.0  55.3 
Ending Balance of AUM $ 1,532.4  $ 1,539.4  $ 1,449.1  $ 1,405.3  $ 1,311.7 
Other Noninterest Income
The components of noninterest income are provided below.
TABLE 12: OTHER NONINTEREST INCOME
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
Foreign Exchange Trading Income $ 66.4  $ 61.6  $ 4.8  %
Treasury Management Fees 11.2  11.6  (0.4) (3)
Security Commissions and Trading Income 36.5  26.0  10.5  40 
Other Operating Income 62.3  53.5  8.8  17 
Investment Security Gains, net   —  —  N/M
Total Other Noninterest Income $ 176.4  $ 152.7  $ 23.7  16  %
Foreign Exchange Trading Income increased compared to the prior-year quarter primarily due to higher client volumes.
Securities Commissions and Trading Income increased compared to the prior-year quarter primarily due to higher revenue from interest rate swaps and core brokerage.
Other Operating Income increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by distributions from investments in community development projects and higher banking and credit-related service charges, partially offset by lower miscellaneous income. The lower miscellaneous income was primarily associated with a market value decrease in the supplemental compensation plans, which also resulted in a related decrease in supplemental compensation plan expense reported in Other Operating Expense. Please refer to Note 16 — Other Operating Income to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for further detail.
7

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income
Net Interest Income is defined as the total of Interest Income and amortized fees on earning assets, less Interest Expense on deposits and borrowed funds, adjusted for the impact of interest-related hedging activity. Earning assets—including Federal Funds Sold, Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell, Interest-Bearing Due From Banks, Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other, Securities, and Loans and Leases—are financed by a large base of interest-bearing funds that include client deposits, short-term borrowings, Senior Notes and Long-Term Debt. Short-term borrowings include Federal Funds Purchased, Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, and Other Borrowings. Earning assets are also funded by noninterest-related funds, which include demand deposits and stockholders’ equity. Net Interest Income is subject to variations in the level and mix of earning assets and interest-bearing funds and their relative sensitivity to interest rates. In addition, the levels of nonaccruing assets and client compensating deposit balances used to pay for services impact Net Interest Income.
Net interest margin is the difference between what we earn on our assets and what we pay for deposits and other sources of funding. The direction and level of interest rates are important factors in our earnings. Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized Net Interest Income by average interest-earning assets.
Net Interest Income stated on a fully taxable equivalent (FTE) basis is a non-generally accepted accounting principle (GAAP) financial measure that facilitates the analysis of asset yields. Management believes an FTE presentation provides a clearer indication of net interest margins for comparative purposes. When adjusted to an FTE basis, yields on taxable, nontaxable, and partially taxable assets are comparable; however, the adjustment to an FTE basis has no impact on Net Income. A reconciliation of Net Interest Income on a GAAP basis to Net Interest Income on an FTE basis is provided on page 32.

8

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income (continued)
The following tables present an analysis of average daily balances and interest rates affecting Net Interest Income and an analysis of Net Interest Income changes.
TABLE 13: AVERAGE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS WITH ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME
(INTEREST AND RATE ON A FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS) THIRD QUARTER
2021 2020
($ In Millions) INTEREST AVERAGE BALANCE
AVERAGE RATE(6)
INTEREST AVERAGE BALANCE
AVERAGE RATE(6)
Interest-Earning Assets
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other(1)
$ 4.2  $ 40,540.6  0.04  % $ 1.8  $ 31,602.3  0.02  %
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks(2)
1.9  5,165.4  0.15  2.7  4,816.1  0.23 
Federal Funds Sold   0.1  0.41  —  2.5  0.43 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 0.8  840.9  0.38  0.9  1,789.8  0.21 
Securities
U.S. Government 6.8  2,669.3  1.01  13.2  4,290.9  1.23 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 18.1  3,691.0  1.96  12.3  2,319.3  2.12 
Government Sponsored Agency 70.3  24,414.0  1.14  88.5  24,027.6  1.46 
Other(3)
78.2  28,221.4  1.10  76.0  27,434.3  1.10 
Total Securities 173.4  58,995.7  1.17  190.0  58,072.1  1.30 
Loans and Leases(4)
181.7  38,410.7  1.87  167.9  33,085.2  2.02 
Total Interest-Earning Assets 362.0  143,953.4  1.00  363.3  129,368.0  1.12 
Cash and Due from Banks and Other Central Bank Deposits(5)
  2,011.5    —  2,293.3   
Other Noninterest-Earning Assets   10,487.9    —  9,264.1   
Total Assets $   $ 156,452.8    % $ —  $ 140,925.4    %
Average Source of Funds
Deposits
Savings, Money Market and Other $ 3.0  $ 28,472.3  0.04  % $ 5.6  $ 24,305.4  0.09  %
Savings Certificates and Other Time 1.2  870.9  0.53  4.0  1,502.1  1.07 
Non-U.S. Offices — Interest-Bearing (20.5) 70,210.8  (0.12) (13.1) 61,834.9  (0.08)
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits (16.3) 99,554.0  (0.07) (3.5) 87,642.4  (0.02)
Federal Funds Purchased   165.8  0.09  0.1  275.6  0.04 
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 0.1  293.0  0.06  —  185.3  0.04 
Other Borrowings 3.6  5,526.8  0.26  5.0  6,167.8  0.32 
Senior Notes 11.7  2,840.7  1.64  19.1  3,666.3  2.08 
Long-Term Debt 5.3  1,166.2  1.79  5.7  1,199.0  1.91 
Floating Rate Capital Debt 0.5  277.8  0.75  0.4  277.7  0.64 
Total Interest-Related Funds 4.9  109,824.3  0.02  26.8  99,414.1  0.11 
Interest Rate Spread     0.98  —  —  1.01 
Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits   30,241.4    —  25,202.3  — 
Other Noninterest-Bearing Liabilities   4,534.2    —  4,906.1  — 
Stockholders’ Equity   11,852.9    —  11,402.9  — 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $   $ 156,452.8    % $ —  $ 140,925.4  —  %
Net Interest Income/Margin (FTE Adjusted) $ 357.1  $   0.98  % $ 336.5  $ —  1.03  %
Net Interest Income/Margin (Unadjusted) $ 346.4  $   0.95  % $ 328.6  $ —  1.01  %
(1)Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other includes collateral deposits with certain securities depositories and clearing houses, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks includes the interest-bearing component of Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks as presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Other securities include certain community development investments and Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve stock, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(4)Average balances include nonaccrual loans. Lease financing receivable balances are reduced by deferred income.
(5)Cash and Due from Banks and Other Central Bank Deposits includes the noninterest-bearing component of Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.
(6)Rate calculations are based on actual balances rather than the rounded amounts presented in the Average Consolidated Balance Sheets with Analysis of Net Interest Income.



9

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income (continued)
TABLE 14: ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME AND RATE(1)
(INTEREST AND RATE ON A FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS) THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021/2020
CHANGE DUE TO
(In Millions) AVERAGE BALANCE AVERAGE RATE NET (DECREASE) INCREASE
Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income (FTE)
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other $ 0.6  $ 1.8  $ 2.4 
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks 0.2  (1.0) (0.8)
Federal Funds Sold      
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell (0.7) 0.6  (0.1)
Securities
U.S. Government (4.3) (2.1) (6.4)
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 6.8  (1.0) 5.8 
Government Sponsored Agency 1.4  (19.6) (18.2)
Other (0.8) 3.0  2.2 
Total Securities 3.1  (19.7) (16.6)
Loans and Leases 36.3  (22.5) 13.8 
Total Interest Income $ 39.5  $ (40.8) $ (1.3)
Interest-Bearing Deposits
Savings, Money Market and Other $ 0.8  $ (3.4) $ (2.6)
Savings Certificates and Other Time 0.1  (2.9) (2.8)
Non-U.S. Offices - Interest-Bearing (1.6) (5.8) (7.4)
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits (0.7) (12.1) (12.8)
Federal Funds Purchased   (0.1) (0.1)
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 0.1    0.1 
Other Borrowings (0.5) (0.9) (1.4)
Senior Notes (3.8) (3.6) (7.4)
Long-Term Debt 7.2  (7.6) (0.4)
Floating Rate Capital Debt   0.1  0.1 
Total Interest Expense $ 2.3  $ (24.2) $ (21.9)
Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income (FTE) $ 37.2  $ (16.6) $ 20.6 
(1)Changes not due solely to average balance changes or rate changes are allocated proportionately to average balance and rate based on their relative absolute magnitudes.

Notes:    Net Interest Income (FTE Adjusted), a non-GAAP financial measure, includes adjustments to a fully taxable equivalent basis for loans and securities. The adjustments are based on a federal income tax rate of 21.0%, where the rate is adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net of related federal tax benefit. Total taxable equivalent interest adjustments amounted to $10.7 million and $7.9 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A reconciliation of Net Interest Income and net interest margin on a GAAP basis to Net Interest Income and net interest margin on an FTE basis (each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure) is provided on page 32. Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized Net Interest Income by average interest-earning assets.
Interest revenue on cash collateral positions is reported above in Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks and in Loans and Leases. Interest Expense on cash collateral positions is reported above in Non-U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing Deposits. Related cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties is recorded net of the associated derivative contract in Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively.
Net Interest Income, stated on a FTE basis, increased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher average earning assets, partially offset by a lower net interest margin. Average earning assets increased from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher levels of short-term interest-bearing deposits with banks and loans. Funding of the balance sheet reflected higher levels of client deposits.
The net interest margin on an FTE basis decreased from the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by lower average interest rates, partially offset by favorable balance sheet volume and mix shift. Low levels of market interest rates are expected to continue to impact our net interest income.
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other averaged $40.5 billion and increased $8.9 billion, or 28%, from $31.6 billion in the prior-year quarter, resulting from significant deposit inflows. The higher level of client deposits were primarily placed with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and in loans. Average Securities were $59.0 billion and increased $923.6 million, or 2%, from $58.1 billion, in the prior-year quarter and include certain community development investments, Federal Home Loan Bank stock, and Federal Reserve stock of $936.9 million, $160.1 million and $70.0 million, respectively, which are recorded in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Average taxable Securities were $56.4 billion in the current quarter and $52.8 billion in the prior-year quarter. Average nontaxable Securities, which represent securities that are primarily exempt from U.S. federal and state income taxes, were $2.6 billion in the current quarter and
10

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income (continued)
$5.2 billion in the prior-year quarter. Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks averaged $5.2 billion in the current quarter and $4.8 billion in the prior-year quarter.
Loans and Leases averaged $38.4 billion and increased $5.3 billion, or 16%, from $33.1 billion in the prior-year quarter, primarily reflecting higher levels of private client, commercial real estate, commercial and institutional, non-U.S., and residential real estate loans. Private client loans averaged $14.5 billion and increased $2.8 billion, or 23%, from $11.7 billion for the prior-year quarter. Commercial real estate loans averaged $4.1 billion and increased $795.2 million, or 24%, from $3.3 billion for the prior-year quarter. Commercial and institutional loans averaged $10.8 billion and increased $766.0 million, or 8%, from $10.0 billion for the prior-year quarter. Non-U.S. loans averaged $2.4 billion and increased $764.7 million or 46%, from $1.7 billion for the prior-year quarter. Residential real estate loans averaged $6.2 billion and increased $75.4 million, or 1%, from $6.1 billion for the prior-year quarter.
Northern Trust utilizes a diverse mix of funding sources. Average Interest-Bearing Deposits increased $12.0 billion, or 14%, to an average of $99.6 billion in the current quarter from $87.6 billion in the prior-year quarter. Other Average Interest-Related Funds decreased $1.5 billion, or 13%, to an average of $10.3 billion in the current quarter from $11.8 billion in the prior-year quarter. The balances within short-term borrowing classifications vary based on funding requirements and strategies, interest rate levels, changes in the volume of lower-cost deposit sources, and the availability of collateral to secure these borrowings. Average net noninterest-related funds increased $4.1 billion, or 14%, to $34.1 billion in the current quarter from $30.0 billion in the prior-year quarter, primarily resulting from higher levels of Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits.
Interest expense for Interest-Bearing Deposits in the current quarter was driven by low and negative interest rates for Non-U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing Deposits and low interest rates on domestic Interest-Bearing Deposits. Average Non-U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing Deposits comprised 71% of total average Interest-Bearing Deposits for the three months ended September 30, 2021.
Provision for Credit Losses
There was a $13.0 million release of credit reserves in the current quarter, as compared to a provision of $0.5 million in the prior-year quarter. The release of credit reserves in the current quarter was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality, partially offset by portfolio growth. Decreases in the collective basis reserve were primarily in the commercial and institutional and commercial real estate portfolios.
The provision in the prior-year quarter was primarily due to an increase in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis driven by projected economic conditions at the time, resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related market and economic impacts, with increases in the private client, commercial real estate, and residential real estate portfolios, partially offset by a decrease in the commercial and institutional portfolio. The overall increase in the reserve on a collective basis was partially offset by a decrease in the reserve associated with loans evaluated on an individual basis.
Net recoveries in the current quarter were $1.1 million, reflecting $1.1 million of recoveries and de minimis charge-offs. The prior-year quarter included $0.4 million of net recoveries, reflecting $1.2 million of recoveries and $0.8 million of charge-offs. Nonaccrual assets of $141.2 million increased $42.3 million, or 43%, from $98.9 million at the end of the prior-year quarter.
Noninterest Expense
The components of Noninterest Expense are provided in the following table.
TABLE 15: NONINTEREST EXPENSE
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
Compensation $ 496.0  $ 461.7  $ 34.3  %
Employee Benefits 101.7  97.5  4.2 
Outside Services 210.7  186.0  24.7  13 
Equipment and Software 185.2  170.7  14.5 
Occupancy 53.9  51.8  2.1 
Other Operating Expense 81.2  127.0  (45.8) (36)
Total Noninterest Expense $ 1,128.7  $ 1,094.7  $ 34.0  %
Compensation expense, the largest component of Noninterest Expense, increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher incentives.
11

THIRD QUARTER CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Noninterest Expense (continued)
Employee Benefits expense increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to a pension settlement charge in the current quarter and higher medical costs.
Outside Services expense increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher third-party advisory fees, technical services costs and sub-custodian expenses.
Equipment and Software expense increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher software support and rental costs and higher amortization.
Other Operating Expense decreased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to lower charges associated with account servicing activities and a decline in other miscellaneous expenses, including lower supplemental compensation plan expense. The lower supplemental compensation plan expense resulted in a related decrease in miscellaneous income reported in noninterest income. The account servicing activities in the prior-year quarter included a $43.4 million charge related to a corporate action processing error. Please refer to Note 17 — Other Operating Expense to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for further detail.
Provision for Income Taxes
Income tax expense for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was $122.4 million, representing an effective tax rate of 23.6%, compared to $95.4 million in the prior-year quarter, representing an effective tax rate of 24.5%.
The effective tax rate decreased compared to the prior-year quarter primarily due to an increase in allocated tax credits related to community development projects and a lower net tax impact from international operations.
NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Overview of Financial Results
Net Income per diluted common share increased in the current period to $5.22 from $4.34 in the comparable prior-year period. Net income increased $170.5 million, or 18%, to $1.14 billion in the current period from $968.4 million in the prior-year period. Annualized return on average common equity was 13.7% in the current period and 12.0% in the prior-year period. The annualized return on average assets was 0.98% in the current period compared to 0.96% in the prior-year period.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 increased $218.6 million, or 5%, from $4.58 billion in the prior-year period to $4.80 billion in the current period.
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees increased $281.2 million, or 9%, from $2.97 billion in the prior-year period to $3.25 billion in the current period, primarily driven by favorable markets, new business, and currency translation, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers.
Other Noninterest Income increased $24.1 million, or 5% from $501.2 million in the prior-year period to $525.3 million in the current period, primarily driven by higher Other Operating Income and Security Commissions and Trading Income, partially offset by lower Foreign Exchange Trading Income.
Net Interest Income decreased $86.7 million, or 8%, to $1.02 billion in the current period from $1.11 billion in the prior-year period, primarily due to lower average interest rates, partially offset by an increase in average earning assets.
There was a $70.0 million release of credit reserves in the current period, as compared to a provision of $127.5 million in the prior-year period.
Noninterest Expense increased $169.8 million, or 5%, from $3.20 billion in the prior-year period to $3.37 billion in the current period, primarily attributable to higher Compensation, Outside Services, Equipment and Software expense and Employee Benefits, partially offset by lower Other Operating Expense and Occupancy.
The Provision for Income Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 totaled $361.6 million, representing an effective tax rate of 24.1%. The Provision for Income Taxes for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 totaled $285.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of 22.8%. The effective tax rate increased compared to the prior-year period primarily due to lower tax benefits related to share-based compensation, the deferred tax impact of the enacted increase in the UK statutory tax rate, and a prior-year-period tax benefit from dispositions of leveraged leases.
12

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Beginning in the second quarter of 2020, the Corporation began to waive a portion of certain fees associated with money market mutual funds due to the low-interest-rate environment. Northern Trust voluntarily waived $206.7 million and $5.7 million of money market mutual fund fees for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. These fee waivers, which are impacted by the level of yields earned and account balances in certain funds, are expected to continue in the current low-interest-rate environment as the yields in these funds remain insufficient to pay the stated fees associated with such funds. This is expected to adversely impact Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees within the C&IS and Wealth Management reporting segments.
The components of Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees are provided in the table below.
TABLE 16: TRUST, INVESTMENT AND OTHER SERVICING FEES
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
C&IS Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Custody and Fund Administration $ 1,361.1  $ 1,166.2  $ 194.9  17  %
Investment Management 330.2  386.0  (55.8) (14)
Securities Lending 57.9  70.4  (12.5) (18)
Other 113.0  102.9  10.1  10 
Total C&IS Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,862.2  $ 1,725.5  $ 136.7  %
Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Central $ 517.3  $ 452.6  $ 64.7  14  %
East 376.4  326.6  49.8  15 
West 281.6  251.7  29.9  12 
Global Family Office 212.6  212.5  0.1  — 
Total Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,387.9  $ 1,243.4  $ 144.5  12  %
Total Consolidated Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 3,250.1  $ 2,968.9  $ 281.2  %
Corporate & Institutional Services
Custody and Fund Administration fees, the largest component of C&IS fees, increased primarily driven by favorable markets, new business, and favorable currency translation. Investment Management fees decreased primarily due to higher money market mutual fund fee waivers, partially offset by favorable markets and new business. Securities Lending fees decreased primarily driven by lower spreads, partially offset by higher volumes.
Wealth Management
Fee income in the regions (Central, East and West) increased primarily due to favorable markets, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers. Global Family Office fee income increased primarily due to favorable markets and new business, partially offset by higher money market mutual fund fee waivers.

13

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Other Noninterest Income

The components of other noninterest income are provided in the following table.
TABLE 17: OTHER NONINTEREST INCOME
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
Foreign Exchange Trading Income $ 215.7  $ 221.8  $ (6.1) (3) %
Treasury Management Fees 33.7  34.0  (0.3) (1)
Security Commissions and Trading Income 104.3  100.9  3.4 
Other Operating Income 171.6  144.4  27.2  19 
Investment Security Gains, net   0.1  (0.1) N/M
Total Other Noninterest Income $ 525.3  $ 501.2  $ 24.1  %
Foreign Exchange Trading Income decreased from the prior-year period, primarily due to lower foreign exchange swap activity in Treasury.
Security Commissions and Trading Income increased from the prior-year period, primarily due to higher core brokerage revenue, partially offset by lower revenue from interest rate swaps.
Other Operating Income increased from the prior-year period, primarily due to higher banking and credit-related service charges, distributions from investments in community development projects, and higher miscellaneous income, partially offset by higher expenses for existing swap agreements related to Visa Inc. Class B common shares. The higher miscellaneous income was primarily associated with a market value increase in the supplemental compensation plans, which also resulted in a related increase in supplemental compensation plan expense in Other Operating Expense. Please refer to Note 16 — Other Operating Income to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for further detail.
14

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income
The following tables present an analysis of average balances and interest rate changes affecting Net Interest Income and an analysis of Net Interest Income changes.
TABLE 18: AVERAGE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS WITH ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME
(INTEREST AND RATE ON A FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS) NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020
($ In Millions) INTEREST AVERAGE BALANCE
AVERAGE
RATE(6)
INTEREST AVERAGE BALANCE
AVERAGE
RATE(6)
Average Earning Assets
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other(1)
$ 5.6  $ 38,380.9  0.02  % $ 28.2  $ 27,258.4  0.14  %
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks(2)
7.0  6,117.4  0.15  20.0  5,384.6  0.50 
Federal Funds Sold   0.2  0.41  —  2.8  1.44 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 2.7  1,131.9  0.32  3.1  1,148.1  0.36 
Securities
U.S. Government 20.9  2,740.0  1.02  52.6  4,466.8  1.58 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 50.5  3,422.8  1.97  34.0  1,960.5  2.31 
Government Sponsored Agency 227.3  24,592.8  1.24  321.6  23,598.8  1.82 
Other(3)
228.9  29,501.7  1.04  245.5  24,294.2  1.35 
Total Securities 527.6  60,257.3  1.17  653.7  54,320.3  1.61 
Loans and Leases(4)
527.0  36,313.4  1.94  609.6  33,634.0  2.42 
Total Earning Assets 1,069.9  142,201.1  1.01  1,314.6  121,748.2  1.44 
Cash and Due from Banks and Other Central Bank Deposits(5)
  2,340.6    —  2,659.8  — 
Other Noninterest-Earning Assets   10,139.6    —  10,237.2  — 
Total Assets $   $ 154,681.3    % $ —  $ 134,645.2  —  %
Average Source of Funds
Deposits
Savings, Money Market and Other $ 9.7  $ 27,551.4  0.05  % $ 43.2  $ 22,863.2  0.25  %
Savings Certificates and Other Time 3.8  897.6  0.56  13.6  1,289.3  1.41 
Non-U.S. Offices — Interest-Bearing (58.0) 69,246.6  (0.11) (0.1) 59,997.0  — 
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits (44.5) 97,695.6  (0.06) 56.7  84,149.5  0.09 
Federal Funds Purchased (0.4) 254.7  (0.19) 2.1  1,121.3  0.24 
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 0.1  204.5  0.05  1.0  229.9  0.58 
Other Borrowings 10.3  5,137.8  0.27  40.6  6,540.8  0.83 
Senior Notes 39.2  2,973.0  1.76  57.0  3,206.5  2.37 
Long-Term Debt 15.9  1,171.2  1.81  21.1  1,188.7  2.38 
Floating Rate Capital Debt 1.6  277.8  0.78  3.6  277.7  1.76 
Total Interest-Related Funds 22.2  107,714.6  0.03  182.1  96,714.4  0.25 
Interest Rate Spread     0.98  —  —  1.19 
Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits   30,386.6    —  22,141.4  — 
Other Liabilities   4,931.9    —  4,711.1  — 
Stockholders’ Equity   11,648.2    —  11,078.3  — 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $   $ 154,681.3    % $ —  $ 134,645.2  —  %
Net Interest Income/Margin (FTE Adjusted) $ 1,047.7  $   0.99  % $ 1,132.5  $ —  1.24  %
Net Interest Income/Margin (Unadjusted) $ 1,022.1  $   0.96  % $ 1,108.8  $ —  1.22  %
(1)Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other includes collateral deposits with certain securities depositories and clearing houses, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks includes the interest-bearing component of Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks as presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)Other securities include certain community development investments and Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve stock, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(4)Average balances include nonaccrual loans. Lease financing receivable balances are reduced by deferred income.
(5)Cash and Due from Banks and Other Central Bank Deposits includes the noninterest-bearing component of Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits on the consolidated balance sheets.
(6)Rate calculations are based on actual balances rather than the rounded amounts presented in the Average Consolidated Balance Sheets with Analysis of Net Interest Income.
15

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income (continued)

TABLE 19: ANALYSIS OF NET INTEREST INCOME CHANGES DUE TO VOLUME AND RATE(1)
(INTEREST AND RATE ON A FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT BASIS) NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021/2020
CHANGE DUE TO
(In Millions) AVERAGE BALANCE AVERAGE
 RATE
NET (DECREASE) INCREASE
Increase (Decrease) in Net Interest Income (FTE)
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other $ 8.5  $ (31.1) $ (22.6)
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks 2.4  (15.4) (13.0)
Federal Funds Sold      
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell   (0.4) (0.4)
Securities
U.S. Government (16.5) (15.2) (31.7)
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 22.2  (5.7) 16.5 
Government Sponsored Agency 12.9  (107.2) (94.3)
Other 44.5  (61.1) (16.6)
Total Securities 63.1  (189.2) (126.1)
Loans and Leases 115.7  (198.3) (82.6)
Total Interest Income $ 189.7  $ (434.4) $ (244.7)
Interest-Bearing Deposits
Savings, Money Market and Other $ 7.1  $ (40.6) $ (33.5)
Savings Certificates and Other Time 0.3  (10.1) (9.8)
Non-U.S. Offices - Interest-Bearing   (57.9) (57.9)
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits 7.4  (108.6) (101.2)
Federal Funds Purchased (0.8) (1.7) (2.5)
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase (0.1) (0.8) (0.9)
Other Borrowings (7.3) (23.0) (30.3)
Senior Notes (3.9) (13.9) (17.8)
Long-Term Debt 16.7  (21.9) (5.2)
Floating Rate Capital Debt   (2.0) (2.0)
Total Interest Expense $ 12.0  $ (171.9) $ (159.9)
(Decrease) Increase in Net Interest Income (FTE) $ 177.7  $ (262.5) $ (84.8)
(1)     Changes not due solely to average balance changes or rate changes are allocated proportionately to average balance and rate based on their relative absolute magnitudes.

Notes:    Net Interest Income (FTE Adjusted), a non-GAAP financial measure, includes adjustments to a fully taxable equivalent basis for loans and securities. The adjustments are based on a federal income tax rate of 21.0%, where the rate is adjusted for applicable state income taxes, net of related federal tax benefit. Total taxable equivalent interest adjustments amounted to $25.6 million and $23.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. A reconciliation of net interest income and net interest margin on a GAAP basis to net interest income and net interest margin on an FTE basis (each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure) is provided on page 32. Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earning assets.
Interest revenue on cash collateral positions is reported above within Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks and within Loans and Leases. Interest expense on cash collateral positions is reported above within Non-U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing Deposits. Related cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties is recorded net of the associated derivative contract within Other Assets and Other Liabilities, respectively.
Net Interest Income, stated on an FTE basis, decreased from the prior-year period, primarily due to lower average interest rates, partially offset by an increase in average earning assets. Average earning assets increased primarily due to higher levels of short-term interest-bearing deposits with banks, securities and loans. Funding of the balance sheet reflected higher levels of client deposits. Average non-U.S. offices interest-bearing deposits comprised 71% of total average interest-bearing deposits for the nine months ended September 30, 2021.
The net interest margin on an FTE basis decreased from the prior-year period, primarily due to lower average interest rates. Low levels of market interest rates are expected to continue to impact our net interest income.
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other averaged $38.4 billion and increased $11.1 billion, or 41%, from $27.3 billion in the prior-year period, resulting from significant deposit inflows. The higher level of client deposits were primarily placed with the Federal Reserve and other central banks and in the securities portfolio. Average Securities were $60.3 billion and increased $6.0 billion, or 11%, from $54.3 billion in the prior-year period and include certain community development investments, Federal Home Loan Bank stock, and Federal Reserve stock of $919.7 million, $172.1 million and $70.0 million, respectively, which are recorded in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Average taxable Securities were $57.1 billion in the current period and $48.9 billion in the prior-year period. Average nontaxable Securities, which represent securities that are primarily exempt from U.S. federal and state income taxes, were $3.1 billion in the current period and $5.4 billion in the prior-year period. Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks averaged $6.1 billion in the current period and $5.4 billion in the prior-year period.
16

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Net Interest Income (continued)

Loans and leases averaged $36.3 billion and increased $2.7 billion, or 8%, from $33.6 billion in the prior-year period, primarily reflecting higher levels of private client, commercial real estate, non-U.S., and residential real estate loans, partially offset by lower levels of commercial and institutional loans. Private client loans averaged $13.3 billion and increased $1.9 billion, or 16%, from $11.4 billion for the prior-year period. Commercial real estate loans averaged $3.9 billion and increased $681.0 million, or 21%, from $3.2 billion for the prior-year period. Non-U.S. loans averaged $2.5 billion and increased $449.9 million or 22% from $2.0 billion for the prior-year period. Residential real estate loans averaged $6.2 billion and increased $66.2 million, or 1%, from $6.1 billion for the prior-year period. Commercial and institutional loans averaged $10.2 billion and decreased $384.3 million, or 4%, from $10.5 billion for the prior-year period.
Northern Trust utilizes a diverse mix of funding sources. Average Interest-Bearing Deposits increased $13.6 billion, or 16%, to an average of $97.7 billion in the current period from $84.1 billion in the prior-year period. Other Average Interest-Related Funds decreased $2.6 billion, or 20%, to an average of $10.0 billion in the current period from $12.6 billion in the prior-year period. The balances within short-term borrowing classifications vary based on funding requirements and strategies, interest rate levels, changes in the volume of lower-cost deposit sources, and the availability of collateral to secure these borrowings. Average net noninterest-related funds increased $9.5 billion, or 38%, to $34.5 billion in the current period from $25.0 billion in the prior-year period primarily resulting from higher levels of Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits.
Provision for Credit Losses
There was a $70.0 million release of credit reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a provision of $127.5 million in the prior-year period. The release of credit reserves was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality, partially offset by portfolio growth.
The provision in the prior-year period was primarily due to an increase in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis driven by downgrades in the portfolio and current and projected economic conditions at the time, both resulting from the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and related market and economic impacts, with the largest increases in the commercial and institutional and commercial real estate portfolios. In addition, a $13.7 million increase in the allowance for credit losses, with a corresponding cumulative effect adjustment to decrease retained earnings of $10.1 million, net of income taxes, was recorded on January 1, 2020 upon adoption of Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses: Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments.”
Net recoveries in the current-year period totaled $5.2 million resulting from $0.4 million of charge-offs and $5.6 million of recoveries, compared to net recoveries of $2.3 million in the prior-year period resulting from $3.0 million of charge-offs and $5.3 million of recoveries.
Commercial real estate, residential real estate, and commercial and institutional loans accounted for 54%, 32%, and 14%, respectively, of total nonaccrual loans and leases at September 30, 2021. Residential real estate, commercial and institutional, and commercial real estate loans accounted for 65%, 31%, and 4%, respectively, of total nonaccrual loans and leases at September 30, 2020. For additional discussion of the allowance for credit losses, refer to the “Asset Quality” section beginning on page 23.
Noninterest Expense
The components of Noninterest Expense are provided in the following table.
TABLE 20: NONINTEREST EXPENSE
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 CHANGE
Compensation $ 1,500.8  $ 1,421.8  $ 79.0  %
Employee Benefits 323.5  285.8  37.7  13 
Outside Services 625.2  555.0  70.2  13 
Equipment and Software 540.2  497.1  43.1 
Occupancy 156.9  162.9  (6.0) (4)
Other Operating Expense 220.4  274.6  (54.2) (20)
Total Noninterest Expense $ 3,367.0  $ 3,197.2  $ 169.8  %
Compensation expense, the largest component of Noninterest Expense increased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to higher cash-based incentives and salary expense.
17

NINE-MONTH CONSOLIDATED RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (continued)
Noninterest Expense (continued)

Employee Benefits expense increased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to pension settlement charges, higher medical costs, and higher payroll taxes.
Outside Services expense increased compared to the prior-year period, primarily reflecting higher technical services costs, third-party advisory fees, and sub-custodian expenses.
Equipment and Software expense increased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to higher software support costs and amortization.
Occupancy expense decreased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to rent accelerations arising from workplace real estate strategies in the prior-year period.
Other Operating Expense decreased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to lower charges associated with account servicing activities and a decline in other miscellaneous expenses, partially offset by higher supplemental compensation plan expense. The higher supplemental compensation plan expense resulted in a related increase in miscellaneous income reported in noninterest income. The account servicing activities in the prior-year period included a $43.4 million charge related to a corporate action processing error. Please refer to Note 17 — Other Operating Expense to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for further detail.
Provision for Income Taxes
Income tax expense for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was $361.6 million, representing an effective tax rate of 24.1%, compared to $285.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, representing an effective tax rate of 22.8%.
The effective tax rate increased compared to the prior-year period primarily due to lower tax benefits related to share-based compensation, the deferred tax impact of the enacted increase in the UK statutory tax rate, and a prior-year-period tax benefit from dispositions of leveraged leases.
REPORTING SEGMENTS
Northern Trust is organized around its two client-focused reporting segments: C&IS and Wealth Management. Asset management and related services are provided to C&IS and Wealth Management clients primarily by the Asset Management business. The revenue and expenses of Asset Management and certain other support functions are allocated fully to C&IS and Wealth Management.
Reporting segment financial information, presented on an internal management reporting basis, is determined by accounting systems used to allocate revenue and expense to each segment, and incorporates processes for allocating assets, liabilities, equity and the applicable interest income and expense utilizing a funds transfer pricing (FTP) methodology. Under the methodology, assets and liabilities receive a funding charge or credit that considers interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and other product characteristics on an instrument level.
Revenues, expenses and average assets are allocated to C&IS and Wealth Management, with the exception of non-recurring activities such as certain costs associated with acquisitions, divestitures, litigation, restructuring, and tax adjustments not directly attributable to a specific reporting segment.
Reporting segment results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made. The results are also subject to refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies, which are typically reflected on a prospective basis.
Effective January 1, 2021, Northern Trust implemented enhancements to its FTP methodology, including enhancements impacting the allocation of net interest income between C&IS and Wealth Management. These methodology enhancements affect the results of each of these reporting segments. Due to the lack of historical information, segment results for periods ended prior to January 1, 2021 have not been revised to reflect the methodology enhancements.
18

REPORTING SEGMENTS (continued)
The following table presents the earnings contributions and average assets of Northern Trust’s reporting segments for the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 21: RESULTS OF REPORTING SEGMENTS
($ In Millions) CORPORATE &
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
WEALTH MANAGEMENT OTHER TOTAL CONSOLIDATED
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 630.2  $ 584.9  $ 480.8  $ 418.9  $   $ —  $ 1,111.0  $ 1,003.8 
Foreign Exchange Trading Income 63.2  58.4  3.2  3.2    —  66.4  61.6 
Other Noninterest Income 65.6  56.7  48.0  39.7  (3.6) (5.3) 110.0  91.1 
Total Noninterest Income 759.0  700.0  532.0  461.8  (3.6) (5.3) 1,287.4  1,156.5 
Net Interest Income(1)
158.9  139.9  198.2  196.6    —  357.1  336.5 
Revenue(1)
917.9  839.9  730.2  658.4  (3.6) (5.3) 1,644.5  1,493.0 
Provision for Credit Losses (6.9) (19.2) (6.1) 19.7    —  (13.0) 0.5 
Noninterest Expense 716.6  707.3  410.9  386.3  1.2  1.1  1,128.7  1,094.7 
Income before Income Taxes(1)
208.2  151.8  325.4  252.4  (4.8) (6.4) 528.8  397.8 
Provision for Income Taxes(1)
50.0  38.7  84.3  66.2  (1.2) (1.6) 133.1  103.3 
Net Income $ 158.2  $ 113.1  $ 241.1  $ 186.2  $ (3.6) $ (4.8) $ 395.7  $ 294.5 
Percentage of Consolidated Net Income 40  % 39  % 61  % 63  % (1) % (2) % 100  % 100  %
Average Assets $ 119,951.9  $ 108,823.0  $ 36,500.9  $ 32,102.4  $   $ —  $ 156,452.8  $ 140,925.4 
(1)Non-GAAP financial measures stated on a fully taxable equivalent basis (FTE). Total consolidated includes FTE adjustments of $10.7 million for 2021 and $7.9 million for 2020. A reconciliation of total consolidated revenue, Net Interest Income and net interest margin on a GAAP basis to revenue, Net Interest Income and net interest margin on an FTE basis, respectively, (each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure) is provided on page 32.
($ In Millions) CORPORATE &
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
WEALTH MANAGEMENT OTHER TOTAL CONSOLIDATED
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,862.2  $ 1,725.5  $ 1,387.9  $ 1,243.4  $   $ —  $ 3,250.1  $ 2,968.9 
Foreign Exchange Trading Income 205.6  211.8  10.1  10.0    —  215.7  221.8 
Other Noninterest Income 194.8  167.5  130.5  122.9  (15.7) (11.0) 309.6  279.4 
Total Noninterest Income 2,262.6  2,104.8  1,528.5  1,376.3  (15.7) (11.0) 3,775.4  3,470.1 
Net Interest Income(1)
472.7  516.6  575.0  615.9    —  1,047.7  1,132.5 
Revenue(1)
2,735.3  2,621.4  2,103.5  1,992.2  (15.7) (11.0) 4,823.1  4,602.6 
Provision for Credit Losses (29.1) 35.3  (40.9) 92.2    —  (70.0) 127.5 
Noninterest Expense 2,133.3  2,022.2  1,212.5  1,152.7  21.2  22.3  3,367.0  3,197.2 
Income before Income Taxes(1)
631.1  563.9  931.9  747.3  (36.9) (33.3) 1,526.1  1,277.9 
Provision for Income Taxes(1)
153.1  129.9  243.3  187.9  (9.2) (8.3) 387.2  309.5 
Net Income $ 478.0  $ 434.0  $ 688.6  $ 559.4  $ (27.7) $ (25.0) $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Percentage of Consolidated Net Income 42  % 45  % 60  % 58  % (2) % (3) % 100  % 100  %
Average Assets $ 119,859.4  $ 102,902.3  $ 34,821.9  $ 31,742.9  $   $ —  $ 154,681.3  $ 134,645.2 
(1) Non-GAAP financial measures stated on a fully taxable equivalent basis (FTE). Total consolidated includes FTE adjustments of $25.6 million for 2021 and $23.7 million for 2020. A reconciliation of total consolidated revenue, Net Interest Income and net interest margin on a GAAP basis to revenue, Net Interest Income and net interest margin on an FTE basis, respectively, (each of which is a non-GAAP financial measure) is provided on page 32.

19

REPORTING SEGMENTS (continued)
Corporate & Institutional Services
C&IS Net Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Net Income increased $45.1 million, or 40%, from the prior-year quarter, primarily reflecting higher Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees and Net Interest Income, partially offset by a lower release of credit reserves in the current quarter as compared to the prior-year quarter and an increase in the Provision for Income Taxes.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Net Income increased $44.0 million, or 10%, from the prior-year period, primarily reflecting higher Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees, a release of credit reserves in the current period as compared to a provision in the prior-year period and higher Other Noninterest Income, partially offset by higher Noninterest Expense, lower Net Interest Income, and an increase in the Provision for Income Taxes.
C&IS Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
For an explanation of C&IS Trust, Investment, and Other Servicing Fees, please see the “Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees” section within the Consolidated Results of Operations section of the MD&A.
C&IS Foreign Exchange Trading Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Foreign Exchange Trading Income increased $4.8 million, or 8%, from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher client volumes. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Foreign Exchange Trading Income decreased $6.2 million, or 3%, from the prior-year period, primarily due to lower foreign exchange swap activity.
C&IS Other Noninterest Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Other Noninterest Income increased $8.9 million, or 16%, from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher Security Commissions and Trading Income and Other Operating Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Other Noninterest Income increased $27.3 million, or 16%, from the prior-year period, primarily due to higher Other Operating Income.
C&IS Net Interest Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Net Interest Income stated on an FTE basis increased $19.0 million, or 14%, from the prior-year quarter and decreased $43.9 million, or 8%, from the prior-year period for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021 primarily reflected higher earning asset levels funded by higher deposit balances, partially offset by a slightly lower net interest margin. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily reflected decreasing short-term average interest rates, partially offset by higher earning asset levels. Average earning assets increased $10.4 billion to $110.1 billion in the current quarter from $99.7 billion in the prior-year quarter and increased $17.5 billion to $110.0 billion in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 from $92.5 billion in the prior-year period. The earning assets and funding sources in C&IS for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 consisted primarily of intercompany assets and of loans and non-U.S. custody-related interest-bearing deposits, respectively.
C&IS Provision for Credit Losses
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, there was a $6.9 million release of credit reserves compared to a $19.2 million release of credit reserves in the prior-year quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there was a $29.1 million release of credit reserves compared to a $35.3 million provision for credit losses in the prior-year period.
The release of credit reserves for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality.
C&IS Noninterest Expense
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Noninterest Expense, which includes the direct expense of the reporting segment, indirect expense allocations for product and operating support and indirect expense allocations for certain corporate support services, increased $9.3 million, or 1%, from the prior-year quarter, primarily due to higher incentives and outside services, partially offset by lower expense allocations.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Noninterest Expense increased $111.1 million, or 5%, from the prior-year period, primarily reflecting higher expense allocations, compensation expense including incentives, and outside services expense.
20

REPORTING SEGMENTS (continued)
Wealth Management
Wealth Management Net Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Net Income increased $54.9 million, or 29%, from the prior-year quarter primarily due to higher Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees and a release of credit reserves in the current quarter as compared to a provision in the prior-year quarter, partially offset by higher Noninterest Expense and an increase in the Provision for Income Taxes.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Net Income increased $129.2 million, or 23%, from the prior-year period primarily due to higher Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees and a release of credit reserves in the current period as compared to a provision in the prior-year period, partially offset by higher Noninterest Expense, an increase in the Provision for Income Taxes and lower Net Interest Income.
Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
For an explanation of Wealth Management Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees, please see the “Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees” section within the Consolidated Results of Operations section of the MD&A.
Wealth Management Other Noninterest Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Other Noninterest Income increased $8.3 million, or 21%, from the prior-year quarter primarily due to an increase in security commissions and trading income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Other Noninterest Income increased $7.6 million, or 6%, from the prior-year period, primarily due to higher allocations of certain noninterest income related to the business.
Wealth Management Net Interest Income
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Net Interest Income stated on an FTE basis increased $1.6 million, or 1%, from the prior-year quarter and decreased $40.9 million, or 7%, from the prior-year period for the nine months ended September 30, 2021. The increase for the three months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to higher loans and deposits balances, partially offset by lower average interest rates. The decrease for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 primarily reflected lower average interest rates, partially offset by higher deposit and loan balances. Average earning assets increased $4.1 billion to $33.8 billion in the current quarter from $29.7 billion in the prior-year quarter and increased $2.9 billion to $32.2 billion in the nine-month period ended September 30, 2021 from $29.3 billion in the prior-year period. Earning assets and funding sources for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 were primarily comprised of loans and domestic interest-bearing deposits, respectively.
Wealth Management Provision for Credit Losses
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, there was a $6.1 million release of credit reserves compared to a $19.7 million provision for credit losses in the prior-year quarter. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, there was a $40.9 million release of credit reserves compared to a $92.2 million provision for credit losses in the prior-year period.
The release of credit reserves for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality, partially offset by portfolio growth.
Wealth Management Noninterest Expense
For the quarter ended September 30, 2021, Noninterest Expense, which includes the direct expenses of the reporting segment, indirect expense allocations for product and operating support and indirect expense allocations for certain corporate support services, increased $24.6 million or 6% from the prior-year quarter, primarily reflecting higher incentives and expense allocations.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Noninterest Expense increased $59.8 million, or 5%, from the prior-year period, primarily reflecting higher expense allocations, incentives, employee benefits, and outside services.

21

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
The following tables summarize selected consolidated balance sheet information.
TABLE 22: SELECT CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
($ In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020 CHANGE
Assets
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other(1)
$ 50.0  $ 55.4  $ (5.4) (10) %
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks(2)
5.3  6.6  (1.3) (20)
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 0.9  1.6  (0.7) (45)
Total Securities(3)
60.3  61.1  (0.8) (1)
Loans and Leases 39.4  33.8  5.6  17 
Total Earning Assets 155.9  158.5  (2.6) (2)
Total Assets 169.1  170.0  (0.9) (1)
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits 99.7  100.8  (1.1) (1)
Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits 42.3  43.1  (0.8) (2)
Federal Funds Purchased   0.3  (0.3) N/M
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 0.6  —  0.6  N/M
Other Borrowings 5.6  4.0  1.6  40 
Total Stockholders’ Equity 11.9  11.7  0.2 
(1)    Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other includes collateral deposits with certain securities depositories and clearing houses for the purpose of presenting earning assets; such deposits are presented in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)    Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks includes the interest-bearing component of Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks as presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)    Total Securities includes certain community development investments and Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve stock, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.

TABLE 23: SELECT AVERAGE CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET INFORMATION
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Billions) 2021 2020 CHANGE 2021 2020 CHANGE
Assets
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other(1)
$ 40.5  $ 31.6  $ 8.9  28  % $ 38.4  $ 27.3  $ 11.1  41  %
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks(2)
5.2  4.8  0.4  6.1  5.4  0.7  14 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 0.8  1.8  (1.0) (53) 1.1  1.1  —  (1)
Total Securities(3)
59.0  58.1  0.9  60.3  54.3  6.0  11 
Loans and Leases 38.4  33.1  5.3  16  36.3  33.6  2.7 
Total Earning Assets 143.9  129.4  14.5  11  142.2  121.7  20.5  17 
Total Assets 156.5  140.9  15.6  11  154.7  134.6  20.1  15 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
Total Interest-Bearing Deposits 99.6  87.6  12.0  14  97.7  84.1  13.6  16 
Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing Deposits 30.2  25.2  5.0  20  30.4  22.1  8.3  37 
Federal Funds Purchased 0.2  0.3  (0.1) (40) 0.3  1.1  (0.8) (77)
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 0.3  0.2  0.1  58  0.2  0.2  —  (11)
Other Borrowings 5.5  6.1  (0.6) (10) 5.1  6.6  (1.5) (21)
Total Stockholders’ Equity 11.9  11.4  0.5  11.6  11.1  0.5 
(1)    Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other includes collateral deposits with certain securities depositories and clearing houses for the purpose of presenting earning assets; such deposits are presented in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)    Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks includes the interest-bearing component of Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks as presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)    Total Securities includes certain community development investments and Federal Home Loan Bank and Federal Reserve stock, which are classified in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
Average balances are considered to be a better measure of balance sheet trends, as period-end balances can be impacted by the timing of deposit and withdrawal activity involving large client balances. The current-quarter growth in the average consolidated balance sheet was primarily driven by higher customer deposit balances.
Short-Term Borrowings. Short-term borrowings includes Federal Funds Purchased, Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase, and Other Borrowings. Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase are accounted for as collateralized financings and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold plus accrued interest. To minimize any potential credit
22

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (continued)
risk associated with these transactions, the fair value of the securities sold is monitored, limits are set on exposure with counterparties, and the financial condition of counterparties is regularly assessed. Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase are held by the counterparty until the repurchase.
During the third quarter of 2021, Northern Trust became a Government Securities Division (GSD) netting and sponsoring member in the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (FICC) sponsored member program. FICC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of The Depository Trust & Clearing Corporation, is a central counterparty and provides netting and settlement for the U.S. Government securities marketplace. Northern Trust nets securities sold under repurchase agreements against those purchased under resale agreements when FICC is the counterparty. See Note 5 - Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase, Note 21 - Commitments and Contingent Liabilities and Note 23 - Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) for additional information on our repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.
Stockholders’ Equity. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the increase in average Stockholders’ Equity was primarily attributable to Retained Earnings, partially offset by lower Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (AOCI) and the repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Corporation’s share repurchase program. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the increase in average Stockholders’ Equity was primarily attributable to Retained Earnings and AOCI, partially offset by lower Additional Paid-in Capital and the repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Corporation’s share repurchase program.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Corporation declared cash dividends totaling $148.0 million and $447.1 million to common stockholders, and cash dividends totaling $16.2 million and $37.1 million to preferred stockholders, respectively.
On December 18, 2020, the Federal Reserve extended its capital distribution limits into the first quarter of 2021 with certain modifications, which included continuing to limit dividend payments and share repurchases based on recent income. During the first quarter of 2021, the Corporation restarted its share repurchase program in accordance with such limitations. On June 30, 2021, the additional capital distribution restrictions that were put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic expired.
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, the Corporation repurchased 859,587 shares of common stock, including 11,169 shares withheld related to share-based compensation, at a total cost of $100.0 million ($116.34 average price per share). For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Corporation repurchased 2,511,564 shares of common stock, including 378,346 shares withheld related to share-based compensation, at a total cost of $265.8 million ($105.84 average price per share).
ASSET QUALITY
Securities Portfolio
Northern Trust maintains a high quality debt securities portfolio. Debt securities not explicitly rated were grouped where possible under the credit rating of the issuer of the security.
The following tables provide the fair value of available for sale (AFS) debt securities and amortized cost of held to maturity (HTM) debt securities by credit rating.
TABLE 24: FAIR VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES BY CREDIT RATING
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 2,550.2  $   $   $   $   $ 2,550.2 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 1,167.6  2,582.5        3,750.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 18,541.7          18,541.7 
Non-U.S. Government 235.1  38.3        273.4 
Corporate Debt 433.7  623.5  1,306.0  29.8  50.8  2,443.8 
Covered Bonds 535.6    23.4      559.0 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 2,115.4  751.7  155.6      3,022.7 
Other Asset-Backed 5,635.0          5,635.0 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 1,257.0          1,257.0 
Total $ 32,471.3  $ 3,996.0  $ 1,485.0  $ 29.8  $ 50.8  $ 38,032.9 
Percent of Total 85  % 11  % 4  %   %   % 100  %
23

ASSET QUALITY (continued)
Securities Portfolio (continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
($ In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 2,799.9  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 2,799.9 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 918.1  2,165.5  —  —  —  3,083.6 
Government Sponsored Agency 24,956.7  —  —  —  —  24,956.7 
Non-U.S. Government 669.8  38.8  5.4  —  —  714.0 
Corporate Debt 426.3  790.0  1,123.5  —  199.8  2,539.6 
Covered Bonds 453.3  —  24.9  —  74.9  553.1 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 1,622.0  566.0  157.8  —  —  2,345.8 
Other Asset-Backed 3,947.5  —  —  —  50.0  3,997.5 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 1,031.8  —  —  —  —  1,031.8 
Total $ 36,825.4  $ 3,560.3  $ 1,311.6  $ —  $ 324.7  $ 42,022.0 
Percent of Total 88  % % % —  % % 100  %
As of September 30, 2021, the less than 1% of AFS debt securities not rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard and Poor’s or Fitch Ratings consisted of corporate debt securities.
As of December 31, 2020, the 1% of AFS debt securities not rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard and Poor’s or Fitch Ratings consisted of corporate debt, covered bonds, and other asset-backed securities.


TABLE 25: AMORTIZED COST OF HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES BY CREDIT RATING
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 111.0  $   $   $   $   $ 111.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions   1.0        1.0 
Government Sponsored Agency 6,208.8          6,208.8 
Non-U.S. Government 657.3  743.1  1,059.3  333.1    2,792.8 
Corporate Debt 49.2  387.2  509.4      945.8 
Covered Bonds 2,988.5          2,988.5 
Certificates of Deposit         777.8  777.8 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 4,004.8  1,767.2  31.7  1.2    5,804.9 
Other Asset-Backed 694.3          694.3 
Other         472.9  472.9 
Total $ 14,713.9  $ 2,898.5  $ 1,600.4  $ 334.3  $ 1,250.7  $ 20,797.8 
Percent of Total 71  % 14  % 8  % 2  % 5  % 100  %

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 90.0  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 90.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions —  1.0  —  1.1  —  2.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 3.0  —  —  —  —  3.0 
Non-U.S. Government 319.8  1,337.4  6,630.6  48.8  —  8,336.6 
Corporate Debt 3.8  279.1  305.1  —  —  588.0 
Covered Bonds 3,184.6  —  —  —  —  3,184.6 
Certificates of Deposit —  —  —  —  807.2  807.2 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 2,590.9  1,057.1  —  —  —  3,648.0 
Other Asset-Backed 677.0  —  —  —  —  677.0 
Other —  —  —  —  454.6  454.6 
Total $ 6,869.1  $ 2,674.6  $ 6,935.7  $ 49.9  $ 1,261.8  $ 17,791.1 
Percent of Total 39  % 15  % 39  % —  % % 100  %
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the 5% and 7%, respectively, of HTM debt securities not rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard and Poor’s or Fitch Ratings consisted of certificates of deposit with a remaining life of less than six months, as well as investments purchased by Northern Trust to fulfill its obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act
24

ASSET QUALITY (continued)
Securities Portfolio (continued)
(CRA). Northern Trust fulfills its obligations under the CRA by making qualified investments for purposes of supporting institutions and programs that benefit low-to-moderate income communities within Northern Trust’s market area.
Net unrealized gains within the investment securities portfolio totaled $186.4 million at September 30, 2021, compared to net unrealized gains of $872.6 million as of December 31, 2020. Net unrealized gains as of September 30, 2021 were comprised of $499.1 million and $312.7 million of gross unrealized gains and losses, respectively. Net unrealized gains as of December 31, 2020 were comprised of $981.9 million and $109.3 million of gross unrealized gains and losses, respectively.
As of September 30, 2021, the $38.0 billion AFS debt securities portfolio had unrealized losses of $90.9 million and $27.3 million related to government-sponsored agency and obligations of states and political subdivisions, respectively, which are primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase. As of December 31, 2020, the $42.0 billion AFS debt securities portfolio had unrealized losses of $26.9 million and $2.8 million related to government-sponsored agency and other asset-backed securities, respectively, which are primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, 15% and 16%, respectively of the AFS corporate debt securities portfolio was backed by guarantees provided by U.S. and non-U.S. government entities.
As of September 30, 2021, the $20.8 billion HTM debt securities portfolio had unrealized losses of $61.1 million, $47.4 million and $41.9 million related to other residential mortgage-backed securities, government-sponsored agency, and sub-sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency bonds, respectively, which are primarily attributable to changes in overall market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase. As of December 31, 2020, the $17.8 billion HTM debt securities portfolio had an unrealized loss of $76.5 million related to other residential mortgage-backed securities, which is primarily attributable to changes in overall market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase.
HTM debt securities consist of securities that management intends to, and Northern Trust has the ability to, hold until maturity. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, no securities were transferred from AFS to HTM. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, $6.9 billion of government sponsored agency securities were transferred from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes, all of which were transferred in the second quarter of 2021. Upon transfer of a debt security from the AFS to HTM classification, the amortized cost is reset to fair value. Any net unrealized gain or loss at the date of transfer will remain in AOCI and be amortized into net interest income over the remaining life of the securities using the effective interest method. The amortization of amounts retained in AOCI will offset the effect on interest income of the amortization of the premium or discount resulting from transferring the securities at fair value. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, no securities were transferred from AFS to HTM. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $301.5 million of securities reflected in U.S government were transferred from AFS to HTM, all of which were transferred in the second quarter of 2020.
For additional information relating to the securities portfolio, refer to Note 4 — Securities to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Northern Trust participates in the repurchase agreement market as a relatively low-cost alternative for short-term funding. Securities purchased under agreements to resell and securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as collateralized financings and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were acquired or sold plus accrued interest. To minimize potential credit risk associated with these transactions, the fair value of the securities purchased or sold is monitored, limits are set on exposure with counterparties, and the financial condition of counterparties is regularly assessed. It is Northern Trust’s policy to take possession, either directly or via third-party custodians, of securities purchased under agreements to resell. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are held by the counterparty until their repurchase.
For additional information relating to the securities sold under agreements to repurchase, refer to Note 5 — Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Other Real Estate Owned
Nonaccrual assets consist of nonaccrual loans and leases and other real estate owned (OREO). OREO is comprised of commercial and residential properties acquired in partial or total satisfaction of loans.
The following table provides the amounts of nonaccrual loans and leases, by loan and lease segment and class, and of OREO that were outstanding at the dates shown, as well as the balance of loans that were delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing interest. Loans that are delinquent 90 days or more and still accruing interest can fluctuate widely based on the timing of cash collections, renegotiation and renewals.
25

ASSET QUALITY (continued)
Nonaccrual Loans and Leases and Other Real Estate Owned (continued)
TABLE 26: NONACCRUAL ASSETS
($ In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Nonaccrual Loans and Leases
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional $ 19.6  $ 26.4 
Commercial Real Estate 75.7  40.2 
Total Commercial $ 95.3  $ 66.6 
Personal
Residential Real Estate $ 45.5  $ 62.2 
Private Client 0.2  2.9 
Total Personal $ 45.7  $ 65.1 
Total Nonaccrual Loans and Leases 141.0  131.7 
Other Real Estate Owned 0.2  0.7 
Total Nonaccrual Assets $ 141.2  $ 132.4 
90 Day Past Due Loans Still Accruing $ 13.2  $ 8.9 
Nonaccrual Loans and Leases to Total Loans and Leases 0.36  % 0.39  %
Allowance for Credit Losses Assigned to Loans and Leases to Nonaccrual Loans and Leases 1.0  x 1.4  x
Nonaccrual assets of $141.2 million as of September 30, 2021 increased from December 31, 2020 primarily due to two new nonaccrual loans in the commercial real estate portfolio, partially offset by net payoffs in the residential real estate, commercial and institutional, and private client portfolios. In addition to the negative impact on net interest income and the risk of credit losses, nonaccrual assets also increase operating costs due to the expense associated with collection efforts. Changes in the level of nonaccrual assets may be indicative of changes in the credit quality of one or more loan classes. Changes in credit quality impact the allowance for credit losses through the resultant adjustment of the allowance evaluated on an individual basis and the quantitative and qualitative factors used in the determination of the allowance evaluated on a collective basis within the allowance for credit losses.
Northern Trust’s credit policies do not allow for the origination of loan types generally considered to be high risk in nature, such as option adjustable rate mortgage loans, subprime loans, loans with initial “teaser” rates and loans with excessively high loan-to-value ratios. Residential real estate loans consist of first lien mortgages and equity credit lines, which generally require a loan-to-collateral value of no more than 65% to 80% at inception. Appraisals of supporting collateral for residential real estate loans are obtained at loan origination and upon refinancing or default or when otherwise considered warranted. Residential real estate collateral appraisals are performed and reviewed by independent third parties.
The commercial real estate portfolio consists of commercial mortgages and construction, acquisition and development loans extended primarily to experienced investors well known to Northern Trust. Underwriting standards generally reflect conservative loan-to-value ratios and debt service coverage requirements. Recourse to owners through guarantees also is commonly required.
For additional information relating to the loans and leases portfolio, refer to Note 6 — Loans and Leases to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Allowance for Credit Losses
The allowance for credit losses—which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses related to various portfolios subject to credit risk, off-balance-sheet credit exposure, and specific borrower relationships—is determined by management through a disciplined credit review process. Northern Trust measures expected credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective basis. A financial asset is measured individually if it does not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets and the related allowance is determined through an individual evaluation.
Management’s estimates utilized in establishing an appropriate level of allowance for credit losses are not dependent on any single assumption. In determining an appropriate allowance level, management evaluates numerous variables, many of which are interrelated or dependent on other assumptions and estimates, and takes into consideration past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The results of the credit reserve estimation methodology are reviewed quarterly by Northern Trust’s Credit Loss Reserve Committee, which receives input from Credit Risk Management, Treasury, Corporate Finance, the Economic Research group, and each of Northern Trust’s business units.
26

ASSET QUALITY (continued)
Allowance for Credit Losses (continued)

As of September 30, 2021, the allowance for credit losses related to loans and leases, undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit, HTM debt securities, and other financial assets, was $143.9 million, $39.8 million, $10.4 million, and $1.0 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the allowance for credit losses related to loans and leases, undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit, HTM debt securities, and other financial assets, was $190.7 million, $61.1 million, $7.3 million, and $0.8 million, respectively. For additional information relating to the allowance for credit losses and the changes in the allowance for credit losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 due to charge-offs, recoveries and provisions for credit losses, refer to Note 7 — Allowance for Credit Losses to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited). The following table shows the allowance evaluated on an individual and collective basis for the loans and leases portfolio by segment and class.
TABLE 27: ALLOCATION OF THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES FOR LOANS AND LEASES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
($ In Millions) ALLOWANCE AMOUNT PERCENT OF LOANS TO TOTAL LOANS ALLOWANCE AMOUNT PERCENT OF LOANS TO TOTAL LOANS
Evaluated on an Individual Basis $ 10.6    % $ 10.7  —  %
Evaluated on a Collective Basis
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional 60.4  29  100.6  30 
Commercial Real Estate 72.3  11  70.7  10 
Lease Financing, net 0.4    0.4  — 
Non-U.S. 9.2  6  17.7 
Other   1  — 
Total Commercial 142.3  47  189.4  45 
Personal
Residential Real Estate 21.9  15  28.9  18 
Private Client 8.1  37  20.6  35 
Non-U.S. 0.8  1  2.2 
Other     —  — 
Total Personal 30.8  53  51.7  55 
Total Allowance Evaluated on a Collective Basis $ 173.1  $ 241.1 
Total Allowance for Credit Losses $ 183.7  $ 251.8 
Allowance Assigned to
Loans and Leases $ 143.9  $ 190.7 
Undrawn Commitments and Standby Letters of Credit 39.8  61.1 
Total Allowance for Credit Losses $ 183.7  $ 251.8 
Allowance Assigned to Loans and Leases to Total Loans and Leases 0.36  % 0.56  %
27

STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
The following discusses the statement of cash flow activities for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 28: CASH FLOW ACTIVITY SUMMARY
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020
Net cash provided by (used in):
Operating activities $ (685.9) $ 420.5 
Investing activities 188.4  (13,114.5)
Financing activities 430.0  13,032.3 
Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates on Cash (127.3) (60.0)
Change in Cash and Due from Banks $ (194.8) $ 278.3 
Operating Activities
Net cash used in operating activities of $685.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to higher net collateral deposited with derivative counterparties, partially offset by period earnings and the impact of higher non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization.
Net cash provided by operating activities of $420.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily attributable to period earnings and the impact of higher non-cash charges such as depreciation and amortization and the provision for credit losses, partially offset by higher net collateral deposited with derivative counterparties and net changes in other operating activities.
Investing Activities
Net cash provided by investing activities of $188.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to decreased levels of Federal Reserve and other central bank deposits, net proceeds from HTM debt securities, lower levels of interest-bearing deposits with banks, net changes in other investing activities, and lower levels of securities purchased under agreements to resell, partially offset by higher levels of loans and leases, net purchases of AFS debt securities and higher client security settlement receivables.
Net cash used in investing activities of $13.1 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily attributable to increased levels of Federal Reserve and other central bank deposits as well as net purchases of debt securities held to maturity and available for sale, partially offset by lower levels of interest-bearing deposits with banks.
Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities of $430.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily attributable to increased levels of short-term borrowings and securities sold under agreements to repurchase, partially offset by repayments of senior notes, dividends paid on common stock, a decrease in total deposits, the repurchase of common stock pursuant to the Corporation’s share repurchase program, and a decrease in federal funds purchased. The decrease in total deposits was primarily attributable to lower levels of non-U.S offices noninterest-bearing and interest-bearing client deposits, partially offset by an increase in domestic noninterest-bearing deposits and savings, money market, and other interest-bearing deposits.
Net cash provided by financing activities of $13.0 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 was primarily attributable to the increased levels of total deposits. The increase in total deposits was primarily attributable to higher levels of non-U.S. offices noninterest-bearing client deposits, savings, money market and other interest-bearing deposits, and domestic noninterest-bearing deposits.
28

CAPITAL RATIOS
The capital ratios of Northern Trust Corporation and its principal subsidiary, The Northern Trust Company, remained strong at September 30, 2021, exceeding the requirements for classification as “well-capitalized” under applicable U.S. regulatory requirements.
As a result of the stress test results published by the Federal Reserve on June 25, 2020, Northern Trust’s stress capital buffer requirement for the 2020 Capital Plan cycle was set at 2.5%. The 2020 stress capital buffer became effective October 1, 2020, and resulted in an effective Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio minimum requirement of 7.0% inclusive of this buffer. The results of the 2021 stress test, published by the Federal Reserve on June 24, 2021, resulted in Northern Trust’s stress capital buffer and effective Common Equity Tier 1 capital ratio minimum requirement remaining in effect for the 2021 Capital Plan cycle, beginning on October 1, 2021.
The table below provides capital ratios, as well as the required minimum capital ratios, for Northern Trust Corporation and The Northern Trust Company determined by Basel III phased-in requirements.
TABLE 29: REGULATORY CAPITAL RATIOS
Capital Ratios —
Northern Trust Corporation
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH WELL-CAPITALIZED RATIOS MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital 11.9  % 13.0  % 12.0  % 13.1  % 13.4  % 13.9  % N/A 4.5  %
Tier 1 Capital 12.9  14.1  13.1  14.2  14.5  15.1  6.0  6.0 
Total Capital 14.3  15.4  14.5  15.5  16.5  16.7  10.0  8.0 
Tier 1 Leverage 7.1  7.1  7.1  7.1  7.7  7.7  N/A 4.0 
Supplementary Leverage(1)
N/A 8.4  N/A 8.2  N/A 8.8  N/A 3.0 
Capital Ratios — The Northern Trust Company SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH STANDARDIZED APPROACH ADVANCED APPROACH WELL-CAPITALIZED RATIOS MINIMUM CAPITAL RATIOS
Common Equity Tier 1 Capital 12.5  % 13.8  % 12.3  % 13.6  % 13.8  % 14.6  % 6.5  % 4.5  %
Tier 1 Capital 12.5  13.8  12.3  13.6  13.8  14.6  8.0  6.0 
Total Capital 13.7  14.9  13.6  14.7  15.6  16.0  10.0  8.0 
Tier 1 Leverage 6.8  6.8  6.7  6.7  7.2  7.2  5.0  4.0 
Supplementary Leverage(1)
N/A 8.1  N/A 7.7  N/A 8.1  3.0  3.0 
(1) In November 2019, the Federal Reserve and other U.S. federal banking agencies adopted a final rule that established a deduction for central bank deposits from the total leverage exposures of custodial banking organizations, including Northern Trust Corporation and The Northern Trust Company, equal to the lesser of (i) the total amount of funds the custodial banking organization and its consolidated subsidiaries have on deposit at qualifying central banks and (ii) the total amount of client funds on deposit at the custodial banking organization that are linked to fiduciary or custodial and safekeeping accounts. The rule became effective on April 1, 2020.
Further, on March 23, 2020, the Federal Reserve issued a temporary rule that required bank holding companies, including Northern Trust Corporation, to deduct their deposits with the Federal Reserve and investments in U.S. Treasury securities from their total leverage exposure. The U.S. Treasury securities deduction is applied in addition to the central bank deposits relief referred to above. This rule became effective on April 1, 2020 and expired on April 1, 2021.
On May 15, 2020, the U.S. federal banking agencies issued a temporary rule that permitted, but did not require, insured depository institutions of bank holding companies to exclude deposits with the Federal Reserve and investments in U.S. Treasury securities from their total leverage exposure. The Northern Trust Company did not elect to take this deduction.
The supplementary leverage ratios at September 30, 2021, June 30, 2021 and September 30, 2020 for the Northern Trust Corporation and The Northern Trust Company reflect the impact of these final rules.
RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS AND DEVELOPMENTS
There are no accounting pronouncements and developments issued but not yet effective as of September 30, 2021 that are expected to have a significant impact on Northern Trust’s consolidated balance sheets or results of operations.
MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT
There are two types of market risk, interest rate risk associated with the assets and liabilities on the balance sheet, and trading risk. Interest rate risk associated with the assets and liabilities on the balance sheet is the potential for movements in interest rates to cause changes in net interest income and the market value of equity. Trading risk is the potential for movements in market variables such as foreign exchange and interest rates to cause changes in the value of trading positions.
Northern Trust uses two primary measurement techniques to manage interest rate risk: Net Interest Income (NII) sensitivity and Market Value of Equity (MVE) sensitivity. NII sensitivity provides management with a short-term view of the impact of
29

MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

interest rate changes on NII. MVE sensitivity provides management with a long-term view of interest rate changes on MVE based on the period-end balance sheet.
As part of its risk management activities, Northern Trust also measures daily the risk of loss associated with all non-U.S. currency positions using a Value-at-Risk (VaR) model and applying the historical simulation methodology. The following information about Northern Trust’s management of market risk should be read in conjunction with the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
NII Sensitivity — The modeling of NII sensitivity incorporates on-balance-sheet positions, as well as derivative financial instruments (principally interest rate swaps) that are used to manage interest rate risk. Northern Trust uses market implied forward interest rates as the base case and measures the sensitivity (i.e., change) of a static balance sheet to changes in interest rates. Stress testing of interest rates is performed to include such scenarios as immediate parallel shocks to rates, nonparallel (i.e., twist) changes to yield curves that result in their becoming steeper or flatter, and changes to the relationship among the yield curves (i.e., basis risk).
The NII sensitivity analysis incorporates certain critical assumptions such as interest rates and client behaviors under changing rate environments. These assumptions are based on a combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior. The simulation cannot precisely estimate NII sensitivity given uncertainty in the assumptions. The following key assumptions are incorporated into the simulation:

the balance sheet size and mix remains constant over the simulation horizon with maturing assets and liabilities replaced with instruments with similar terms as those that are maturing, with the exception of certain nonmaturity deposits that are considered short-term in nature and therefore receive a more conservative interest-bearing treatment;
prepayments on mortgage loans and securities collateralized by mortgages are projected under each rate scenario using a third-party mortgage analytics system that incorporates market prepayment assumptions;
cash flows for structured securities are estimated using a third-party vendor in conjunction with the prepayments provided by the third-party mortgage analytics vendor;
nonmaturity deposit pricing is projected based on Northern Trust’s actual historical patterns and management judgment, depending upon the availability of historical data and current pricing strategies or judgment; and
new business rates are based on current spreads to market indices.
The following table shows the estimated NII impact over the next twelve months of 100 and 200 basis point ramps upward and 100 basis point ramp downward movements in interest rates relative to forward rates. Each rate movement is assumed to occur gradually over a one-year period.
TABLE 30: NET INTEREST INCOME SENSITIVITY AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) INCREASE (DECREASE)
ESTIMATED IMPACT ON NEXT TWELVE MONTHS OF NET INTEREST INCOME
Increase in Interest Rates Above Market Implied Forward Rates
100 Basis Points $ 308 
200 Basis Points 534 
Decrease in Interest Rates Below Market Implied Forward Rates
100 Basis Points $ 36 
The NII sensitivity analysis does not incorporate certain management actions that may be used to mitigate adverse effects of actual interest rate movement. For that reason and others, the estimated impacts do not reflect the likely actual results but serve as estimates of interest rate risk. NII sensitivity is not comparable to actual results disclosed elsewhere or directly predictive of future values of other measures provided.
MVE Sensitivity — MVE is defined as the present value of assets minus the present value of liabilities, net of the value of financial derivatives that are used to manage the interest rate risk of balance sheet items. The potential effect of interest rate changes on MVE is derived from the impact of such changes on projected future cash flows and the present value of these cash flows and is then compared to the established limit. Northern Trust uses current market rates (and the future rates implied by these market rates) as the base case and measures MVE sensitivity under various rate scenarios. Stress testing of interest rates is performed to include such scenarios as immediate parallel shocks to rates, nonparallel (i.e., twist) changes to yield curves that result in their becoming steeper or flatter, and changes to the relationship among the yield curves (i.e., basis risk).
The MVE sensitivity analysis incorporates certain critical assumptions such as interest rates and client behaviors under changing rate environments. These assumptions are based on a combination of historical analysis and future expected pricing behavior. The simulation cannot precisely estimate MVE sensitivity given uncertainty in the assumptions. Many of the
30

MARKET RISK MANAGEMENT (continued)

assumptions that apply to NII sensitivity also apply to MVE sensitivity simulations, with the following separate key assumptions incorporated into the MVE simulation:

the present value of nonmaturity deposits are estimated using dynamic decay methodologies or estimated remaining lives, which are based on a combination of Northern Trust’s actual historical runoff patterns and management judgment—some balances are assumed to be core and have longer lives while other balances are assumed to be temporary and have comparatively shorter lives;
the present values of most noninterest-related balances (such as receivables, equipment, and payables) are the same as their book values; and
Monte Carlo simulation is used to generate forward interest rate paths.
The following table shows the estimated impact on MVE of 100 and 200 basis point shocks up and a 100 basis point shock down from current market implied forward rates.
TABLE 31: MARKET VALUE OF EQUITY SENSITIVITY AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) INCREASE (DECREASE) ESTIMATED IMPACT ON MARKET VALUE OF EQUITY
Increase in Interest Rates Above Market Implied Forward Rates
100 Basis Points $ 291 
200 Basis Points 12 
Decrease in Interest Rates Below Market Implied Forward Rates
100 Basis Points $ 12 
The MVE simulations do not incorporate certain management actions that may be used to mitigate adverse effects of actual interest rate movements. For that reason and others, the estimated impacts do not reflect the likely actual results but serve as estimates of interest rate risk. MVE sensitivity is not comparable to actual results disclosed elsewhere or directly predictive of future values of other measures provided.
Foreign Currency Value-At-Risk (VaR) — Northern Trust measures daily the risk of loss associated with all non-U.S. currency positions using a VaR model and applying the historical simulation methodology. This statistical model provides estimates, based on a variety of high confidence levels, of the potential loss in value that might be incurred if an adverse shift in non-U.S. currency exchange rates and interest rates were to occur over a small number of days. The model incorporates foreign currency and interest rate volatilities and correlations in price movements among the currencies. VaR is computed for each trading desk and for the global portfolio.
Northern Trust monitors several variations of the global foreign exchange (GFX) VaR measures to meet specific regulatory and internal management needs. Variations include different methodologies (historical simulation, Monte Carlo simulation and Taylor approximation), horizons of one day and ten days, confidence levels of 95% and 99%, subcomponent VaRs using only foreign exchange (FX) drivers and only interest rate (IR) drivers, and look-back periods of one year, two years, and four years. Those alternative measures provide management an array of corroborating metrics and alternative perspectives on Northern Trust’s market risks.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, Northern Trust did not incur an actual GFX trading loss in excess of the daily GFX VaR estimate.
The table below presents the levels of total regulatory VaR and its subcomponents for GFX in the periods indicated below, based on the historical simulation methodology, a 99% confidence level, a one-day horizon and equally-weighted volatility. The total VaR for GFX is typically less than the sum of its two subcomponents due to diversification benefits derived from the two subcomponents.
TABLE 32: GLOBAL FOREIGN CURRENCY VALUE-AT-RISK
($ In Millions) TOTAL VaR
(FX AND IR DRIVERS)
FX VaR
(FX DRIVERS ONLY)
IR VaR
(IR DRIVERS ONLY)
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021 SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 JUNE 30, 2021
High $ 0.3  $ 0.3  $ 0.2  $ 0.3  $ 0.2  $ 0.2 
Low 0.1  —    —  0.1  — 
Average 0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1 
Quarter-End 0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1  0.1 
31

RECONCILIATION TO FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT
The following table presents a reconciliation of interest income, net interest income, net interest margin, and total revenue prepared in accordance with GAAP to such measures on an FTE basis, which are non-GAAP financial measures. Net interest margin is calculated by dividing annualized net interest income by average interest-earning assets. Management believes this presentation provides a clearer indication of these financial measures for comparative purposes. When adjusted to an FTE basis, yields on taxable, nontaxable and partially taxable assets are comparable; however, the adjustment to an FTE basis has no impact on net income.
TABLE 33: RECONCILIATION TO FULLY TAXABLE EQUIVALENT
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Net Interest Income
Interest Income - GAAP $ 351.3  $ 355.4  $ 1,044.3  $ 1,290.9 
Add: FTE Adjustment 10.7  7.9  25.6  23.7 
Interest Income (FTE) - Non-GAAP $ 362.0  $ 363.3  $ 1,069.9  $ 1,314.6 
Net Interest Income - GAAP $ 346.4  $ 328.6  $ 1,022.1  $ 1,108.8 
Add: FTE Adjustment 10.7  7.9  25.6  23.7 
Net Interest Income (FTE) - Non-GAAP $ 357.1  $ 336.5  $ 1,047.7  $ 1,132.5 
 
Net Interest Margin - GAAP 0.95  % 1.01  % 0.96  % 1.22  %
Net Interest Margin (FTE) - Non-GAAP 0.98  % 1.03  % 0.99  % 1.24  %
Total Revenue
Total Revenue - GAAP $ 1,633.8  $ 1,485.1  $ 4,797.5  $ 4,578.9 
Add: FTE Adjustment 10.7  7.9  25.6  23.7 
Total Revenue (FTE) - Non-GAAP $ 1,644.5  $ 1,493.0  $ 4,823.1  $ 4,602.6 




32

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This report may include statements which constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements are identified typically by words or phrases such as “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “estimate,” “project,” “likely,” “plan,” “goal,” “target,” “strategy,” and similar expressions or future or conditional verbs such as “may,” “will,” “should,” “would,” and “could.” Forward-looking statements include statements, other than those related to historical facts, that relate to Northern Trust’s financial results and outlook; capital adequacy; dividend policy and share repurchase program; accounting estimates and assumptions; credit quality including allowance levels; future pension plan contributions; effective tax rate; anticipated expense levels; contingent liabilities; acquisitions; strategies; market and industry trends; and expectations regarding the impact of accounting pronouncements and legislation. These statements are based on Northern Trust’s current beliefs and expectations of future events or future results, and involve risks and uncertainties that are difficult to predict and subject to change. These statements are also based on assumptions about many important factors, including:
the impact of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic—and governmental and societal responses thereto—on Northern Trust’s business, financial condition, and results of operations;
financial market disruptions or economic recession in the United States or other countries across the globe resulting from any of a number of factors;
volatility or changes in financial markets, including debt and equity markets, that impact the value, liquidity, or credit ratings of financial assets in general, or financial assets held in particular investment funds or client portfolios, including those funds, portfolios, and other financial assets with respect to which Northern Trust has taken, or may in the future take, actions to provide asset value stability or additional liquidity;
the impact of equity markets on fee revenue;
the downgrade of U.S. government-issued and other securities;
changes in foreign exchange trading client volumes and volatility in foreign currency exchange rates, changes in the valuation of the U.S. dollar relative to other currencies in which Northern Trust records revenue or accrues expenses, and Northern Trust’s success in assessing and mitigating the risks arising from all such changes and volatility;
a decline in the value of securities held in Northern Trust’s investment portfolio, particularly asset-backed securities, the liquidity and pricing of which may be negatively impacted by periods of economic turmoil and financial market disruptions;
Northern Trust’s ability to address operating risks, including those related to cybersecurity, data security, human errors or omissions, pricing or valuation of securities, fraud, systems performance or defects, systems interruptions, and breakdowns in processes or internal controls;
Northern Trust’s success in responding to and investing in changes and advancements in technology;
a significant downgrade of any of Northern Trust’s debt ratings;
the health and soundness of the financial institutions and other counterparties with which Northern Trust conducts business;
uncertainties inherent in the complex and subjective judgments required to assess credit risk and establish appropriate allowances therefor;
changes in the availability of the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) or the calculation of alternative interest rate benchmarks;
the pace and extent of continued globalization of investment activity and growth in worldwide financial assets;
changes in interest rates or in the monetary or other policies of various regulatory authorities or central banks;
changes in the legal, regulatory and enforcement framework and oversight applicable to financial institutions, including Northern Trust;
increased costs of compliance and other risks associated with changes in regulation, the current regulatory environment, and areas of increased regulatory emphasis and oversight in the United States and other countries, such as anti-money laundering, anti-bribery, and data privacy;
failure to satisfy regulatory standards or to obtain regulatory approvals when required, including for the use and distribution of capital;
changes in tax laws, accounting requirements or interpretations and other legislation in the United States or other countries that could affect Northern Trust or its clients;
geopolitical risks, risks related to global climate change and the risks of extraordinary events such as pandemics, natural disasters, terrorist events and war, and the responses of the United States and other countries to those events;
the departure of the United Kingdom from the European Union, commonly referred to as “Brexit;”
changes in the nature and activities of Northern Trust’s competition;
Northern Trust’s success in maintaining existing business and continuing to generate new business in existing and targeted markets and its ability to deploy deposits in a profitable manner consistent with its liquidity requirements;
Northern Trust’s ability to address the complex needs of a global client base and manage compliance with legal, tax, regulatory and other requirements;
Northern Trust’s ability to maintain a product mix that achieves acceptable margins;
33

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS (continued)

Northern Trust’s ability to continue to generate investment results that satisfy clients and to develop an array of investment products;
the effectiveness of Northern Trust’s management of its human capital, including its success in recruiting and retaining the necessary personnel to support business growth and expansion and maintain sufficient expertise to support increasingly complex products and services;
Northern Trust’s success in implementing its expense management initiatives;
uncertainties inherent in Northern Trust’s assumptions concerning its pension plan, including discount rates and expected contributions, returns and payouts;
Northern Trust’s success in continuing to enhance its risk management practices and controls and managing risks inherent in its businesses, including credit risk, operational risk, market and liquidity risk, fiduciary risk, compliance risk and strategic risk;
risks and uncertainties inherent in the litigation and regulatory process, including the possibility that losses may be in excess of Northern Trust’s recorded liability and estimated range of possible loss for litigation exposures;
risks associated with being a holding company, including Northern Trust’s dependence on dividends from its principal subsidiary;
the risk of damage to Northern Trust’s reputation which may undermine the confidence of clients, counterparties, rating agencies, and stockholders; and
other factors identified elsewhere in the Corporation’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, including those factors described in Item 1A, “Risk Factors,” and other filings with the SEC, all of which are available on Northern Trust’s website.
Actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by forward-looking statements. The information contained herein is current only as of the date of that information. All forward-looking statements included in this document are based upon information presently available, and Northern Trust assumes no obligation to update its forward-looking statements.
34

Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED) NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
(In Millions Except Share Information) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
ASSETS
Cash and Due from Banks $ 4,194.7  $ 4,389.5 
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits 50,030.2  55,503.6 
Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks 2,937.6  4,372.6 
Federal Funds Sold   — 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 872.8  1,596.5 
Debt Securities
Available for Sale (Amortized cost of $37,741.5 and $41,155.7)
38,032.9  42,022.0 
Held to Maturity (Fair value of $20,692.8 and $17,797.4)
20,797.8  17,791.1 
Trading Account 0.2  0.5 
Total Debt Securities 58,830.9  59,813.6 
Loans and Leases
Commercial 18,445.9  15,262.0 
Personal 21,010.7  18,497.7 
Total Loans and Leases (Net of unearned income of $9.9 and $9.8)
39,456.6  33,759.7 
Allowance for Credit Losses (155.3) (198.8)
Buildings and Equipment 493.6  514.9 
Client Security Settlement Receivables 1,954.3  1,160.2 
Goodwill 705.5  707.2 
Other Assets 9,764.8  8,384.9 
Total Assets $ 169,085.7  $ 170,003.9 
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Demand and Other Noninterest-Bearing $ 19,939.6  $ 17,728.5 
Savings, Money Market and Other Interest-Bearing 30,580.4  28,631.8 
Savings Certificates and Other Time 882.1  937.1 
Non U.S. Offices — Noninterest-Bearing 22,329.7  25,382.2 
                             — Interest-Bearing 68,192.8  71,198.4 
Total Deposits 141,924.6  143,878.0 
Federal Funds Purchased 0.2  260.2 
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 573.6  39.8 
Other Borrowings 5,617.4  4,011.5 
Senior Notes 2,527.7  3,122.4 
Long-Term Debt 1,160.6  1,189.3 
Floating Rate Capital Debt 277.9  277.8 
Other Liabilities 5,104.9  5,536.6 
Total Liabilities 157,186.9  158,315.6 
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock, No Par Value; Authorized 10,000,000 shares:
Series D, outstanding shares of 5,000
493.5  493.5 
Series E, outstanding shares of 16,000
391.4  391.4 
Common Stock, $1.66 2/3 Par Value; Authorized 560,000,000 shares;
Outstanding shares of 207,661,247 and 208,289,178
408.6  408.6 
Additional Paid-In Capital 935.0  963.6 
Retained Earnings 12,862.4  12,207.7 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income 114.0  428.0 
Treasury Stock (37,510,277 and 36,882,346 shares, at cost)
(3,306.1) (3,204.5)
Total Stockholders’ Equity 11,898.8  11,688.3 
Total Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity $ 169,085.7  $ 170,003.9 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
35




CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(UNAUDITED)
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions Except Share Information) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,111.0  $ 1,003.8  $ 3,250.1  $ 2,968.9 
Foreign Exchange Trading Income 66.4  61.6  215.7  221.8 
Treasury Management Fees 11.2  11.6  33.7  34.0 
Security Commissions and Trading Income 36.5  26.0  104.3  100.9 
Other Operating Income 62.3  53.5  171.6  144.4 
Investment Security Gains, net   —    0.1 
Total Noninterest Income 1,287.4  1,156.5  3,775.4  3,470.1 
Net Interest Income
Interest Income 351.3  355.4  1,044.3  1,290.9 
Interest Expense 4.9  26.8  22.2  182.1 
Net Interest Income 346.4  328.6  1,022.1  1,108.8 
Provision for Credit Losses (13.0) 0.5  (70.0) 127.5 
Net Interest Income after Provision for Credit Losses 359.4  328.1  1,092.1  981.3 
Noninterest Expense
Compensation 496.0  461.7  1,500.8  1,421.8 
Employee Benefits 101.7  97.5  323.5  285.8 
Outside Services 210.7  186.0  625.2  555.0 
Equipment and Software 185.2  170.7  540.2  497.1 
Occupancy 53.9  51.8  156.9  162.9 
Other Operating Expense 81.2  127.0  220.4  274.6 
Total Noninterest Expense 1,128.7  1,094.7  3,367.0  3,197.2 
Income before Income Taxes 518.1  389.9  1,500.5  1,254.2 
Provision for Income Taxes 122.4  95.4  361.6  285.8 
Net Income $ 395.7  $ 294.5  $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Preferred Stock Dividends 16.2  16.2  37.1  51.5 
Net Income Applicable to Common Stock $ 379.5  $ 278.3  $ 1,101.8  $ 916.9 
Per Common Share
Net Income – Basic $ 1.81  $ 1.32  $ 5.24  $ 4.35 
– Diluted 1.80  1.32  5.22  4.34 
Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding
– Basic 208,116,009  208,106,190  208,199,352  208,351,088 
– Diluted 208,923,306  208,688,494  209,002,530  209,023,331 
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (UNAUDITED)
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Net Income $ 395.7  $ 294.5  $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications)
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Debt Securities (89.6) 33.5  (358.4) 551.3 
Net Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges 4.6  1.3  2.4  5.3 
Net Foreign Currency Adjustments 3.8  1.8  10.9  29.5 
Net Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Adjustments 0.5  17.5  31.1  33.1 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (80.7) 54.1  (314.0) 619.2 
Comprehensive Income $ 315.0  $ 348.6  $ 824.9  $ 1,587.6 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
36






CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions Except Per Share Information) PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL RETAINED EARNINGS ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) TREASURY STOCK TOTAL
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 963.6  $ 12,207.7  $ 428.0  $ (3,204.5) $ 11,688.3 
Net Income —  —  —  375.1  —  —  375.1 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications) —  —  —  —  (362.1) —  (362.1)
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
—  —  —  (151.0) —  —  (151.0)
Preferred Stock —  —  —  (16.2) —  —  (16.2)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised —  —  (49.5) —  —  108.9  59.4 
Stock Purchased —  —  —  —  —  (135.6) (135.6)
Balance at March 31, 2021 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 914.1  $ 12,415.6  $ 65.9  $ (3,231.2) $ 11,457.9 
Net Income       368.1      368.1 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications)         128.8    128.8 
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
      (148.1)     (148.1)
Preferred Stock       (4.7)     (4.7)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised     7.0      44.2  51.2 
Stock Purchased           (30.2) (30.2)
Balance at June 30, 2021 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 921.1  $ 12,630.9  $ 194.7  $ (3,217.2) $ 11,823.0 
Net Income       395.7      395.7 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications)         (80.7)   (80.7)
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
      (148.0)     (148.0)
Preferred Stock       (16.2)     (16.2)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised     13.9      11.1  25.0 
Stock Purchased           (100.0) (100.0)
Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 935.0  $ 12,862.4  $ 114.0  $ (3,306.1) $ 11,898.8 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.

37






NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions Except Per Share Information) PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL RETAINED EARNINGS ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) TREASURY STOCK TOTAL
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 1,273.4  $ 408.6  $ 1,013.1  $ 11,656.7  $ (194.7) $ (3,066.1) $ 11,091.0 
Cumulative Effect Adjustment related to the adoption of Accounting Standards Update 2016-13 —  —  —  (10.1) —  —  (10.1)
Net Income —  —  —  360.6  —  —  360.6 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications) —  —  —  —  239.7  —  239.7 
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
—  —  —  (148.6) —  —  (148.6)
Preferred Stock —  —  —  (19.0) —  —  (19.0)
Redemption of Preferred Stock, Series C (388.5) —  —  (11.5) —  —  (400.0)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised —  —  (74.8) —  —  137.7  62.9 
Stock Purchased —  —  —  —  —  (296.8) (296.8)
Balance at March 31, 2020 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 938.3  $ 11,828.1  $ 45.0  $ (3,225.2) $ 10,879.7 
Net Income —  —  —  313.3  —  —  313.3 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications) —  —  —  —  325.4  —  325.4 
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
—  —  —  (148.2) —  —  (148.2)
Preferred Stock —  —  —  (4.8) —  —  (4.8)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised —  —  13.2  —  —  3.8  17.0 
Stock Purchased —  —  —  —  —  (0.2) (0.2)
Balance at June 30, 2020 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 951.5  $ 11,988.4  $ 370.4  $ (3,221.6) $ 11,382.2 
Net Income —  —  —  294.5  —  —  294.5 
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Net of Tax and Reclassifications) —  —  —  —  54.1  —  54.1 
Dividends Declared:
Common Stock, $0.70 per share
—  —  —  (148.4) —  —  (148.4)
Preferred Stock —  —  —  (16.2) —  —  (16.2)
Stock Awards and Options Exercised —  —  10.3  —  —  4.1  14.4 
Stock Purchased —  —  —  —  —  (1.5) (1.5)
Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 884.9  $ 408.6  $ 961.8  $ 12,118.3  $ 424.5  $ (3,219.0) $ 11,579.1 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
38






CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED) NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES
Net Income $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Adjustments to Reconcile Net Income to Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities
Investment Security (Losses) Gains, net   (0.1)
Amortization and Accretion of Securities and Unearned Income, net 75.3  63.3 
Provision for Credit Losses (70.0) 127.5 
Depreciation and Amortization 382.8  372.5 
Pension Plan Contributions (6.7) (10.6)
Change in Receivables (139.3) 47.6 
Change in Interest Payable 3.8  (5.0)
Change in Collateral With Derivative Counterparties, net (2,101.2) (937.2)
Other Operating Activities, net 30.5  (205.9)
Net Cash (Used in) Provided by Operating Activities (685.9) 420.5 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES
Change in Federal Funds Sold   5.0 
Change in Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 711.2  (722.9)
Change in Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks 1,371.0  2,194.9 
Net Change in Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits 4,689.0  (4,592.3)
Purchases of Held to Maturity Debt Securities (40,859.6) (28,474.0)
Proceeds from Maturity and Redemption of Held to Maturity Debt Securities 43,934.8  23,901.2 
Purchases of Available for Sale Debt Securities (9,811.6) (8,558.6)
Proceeds from Sale, Maturity and Redemption of Available for Sale Debt Securities 6,229.6  5,761.9 
Change in Loans and Leases (5,721.5) (1,339.6)
Purchases of Buildings and Equipment (65.0) (102.6)
Purchases and Development of Computer Software (278.7) (287.5)
Change in Client Security Settlement Receivables (814.1) (1,377.3)
Other Investing Activities, net 803.3  477.3 
Net Cash Provided by (Used in) Investing Activities 188.4  (13,114.5)
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES
Change in Deposits (271.9) 12,697.8 
Change in Federal Funds Purchased (260.0) 1,650.8 
Change in Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase 533.8  (219.9)
Change in Short-Term Other Borrowings 1,609.1  (934.0)
Proceeds from Senior Notes   993.2 
Repayments of Senior Notes (500.0) — 
Redemption of Preferred Stock - Series C   (400.0)
Treasury Stock Purchased (265.8) (298.5)
Net Proceeds from Stock Options 48.8  10.7 
Cash Dividends Paid on Common Stock (437.8) (438.8)
Cash Dividends Paid on Preferred Stock (25.6) (29.7)
Other Financing Activities, net (0.6) 0.7 
Net Cash Provided by Financing Activities 430.0  13,032.3 
Effect of Foreign Currency Exchange Rates on Cash (127.3) (60.0)
Change in Cash and Due from Banks (194.8) 278.3 
Cash and Due from Banks at Beginning of Period 4,389.5  4,459.2 
Cash and Due from Banks at End of Period $ 4,194.7  $ 4,737.5 
SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION
Interest Paid $ 17.7  $ 190.3 
Income Taxes Paid 267.8  264.5 
Transfers from Loans to OREO 10.1  0.2 
Transfers from Available for Sale Debt Securities to Held to Maturity Debt Securities 6,864.1  301.5 
See accompanying notes to the consolidated financial statements.
39

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)

Note 1 – Basis of Presentation
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Northern Trust Corporation (Corporation) and its wholly-owned subsidiary, The Northern Trust Company (Bank), and various other wholly-owned subsidiaries of the Corporation and Bank. Throughout the notes to the consolidated financial statements, the term “Northern Trust” refers to the Corporation and its subsidiaries. Intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. The consolidated financial statements, as of and for the periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, have not been audited by the Corporation’s independent registered public accounting firm. In the opinion of management, all accounting entries and adjustments, including normal recurring accruals, necessary for a fair presentation of the financial position and the results of operations for the interim periods have been made. The accounting and financial reporting policies of Northern Trust conform to U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) and reporting practices prescribed for the banking industry. The consolidated statements of income include results of acquired subsidiaries from the dates of acquisition. Certain prior-period balances have been reclassified to conform with the current year’s presentation. For a description of Northern Trust’s significant accounting policies, refer to Note 1 — Summary of Significant Accounting Policies included under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020.
Note 2 – Recent Accounting Pronouncements
On January 1, 2021, Northern Trust adopted Accounting Standards Update (ASU) No. 2020-01, “Investments—Equity Securities (Topic 321), Investments—Equity Method and Joint Ventures (Topic 323), and Derivatives and Hedging (Topic 815): Clarifying the Interactions between Topic 321, Topic 323, and Topic 815” (ASU 2020-01). ASU 2020-01 addresses two accounting issues: (1) application of the measurement alternative under Topic 321 in correlation with the transition into and out of the equity method under Topic 323 and (2) the measurement of certain forward contracts and purchased options to acquire equity securities. ASU 2020-01 clarifies that an entity applying the measurement alternative under Topic 321 that must transition to the equity method under Topic 323 because of an observable transaction will remeasure its investment immediately before transition, whereas an entity applying the equity method under Topic 323 that must transition to Topic 321 because of an observable transaction will remeasure its investment immediately after transition. ASU 2020-01 also clarifies that certain forward contracts or purchased call options to acquire equity securities generally will be measured using the fair value principles of Topic 321 before settlement or exercise. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-01, there was no significant impact to Northern Trust’s consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income.

On January 1, 2021, Northern Trust adopted ASU No. 2020-08, “Codification Improvements to Subtopic 310-20, Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs” (ASU 2020-08). ASU 2020-08 clarifies the Codification related to the standard issued in ASU No. 2017-08, “Receivables—Nonrefundable Fees and Other Costs (Subtopic 310-20): Premium Amortization on Purchased Callable Debt Securities.” ASU 2020-08 clarifies that an entity should amortize premiums on purchased callable debt securities to the first call date and related call amount and at that point reassess if there is a remaining premium to amortize to a subsequent call date. Upon adoption of ASU 2020-08, there was no significant impact to Northern Trust’s consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income.

On January 7, 2021, Northern Trust retrospectively adopted ASU No. 2021-01, “Reference Rate Reform (Topic 848): Scope” (ASU 2021-01). ASU 2021-01 clarifies the scope of Topic 848 to explicitly include those derivative instruments affected by changes in interest rates used for margining, discounting, or contract price alignment as eligible for certain optional expedients and exceptions in Topic 848. Upon adoption of ASU 2021-01, Northern Trust elected the expedients provided in Topic 848 with no significant impact on Northern Trust’s consolidated balance sheets or consolidated statements of income.
Note 3 – Fair Value Measurements
Fair Value Hierarchy. The following describes the hierarchy of valuation inputs (Levels 1, 2, and 3) used to measure fair value and the primary valuation methodologies used by Northern Trust for financial instruments measured at fair value on a recurring basis. Observable inputs reflect market data obtained from sources independent of the reporting entity; unobservable inputs reflect the entity’s own assumptions about how market participants would value an asset or liability based on the best information available. GAAP requires an entity measuring fair value to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs and establishes a fair value hierarchy of inputs. Financial instruments are categorized within the hierarchy based on the lowest level input that is significant to their valuation. No transfers into or out of Level 3 occurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 or the year ended December 31, 2020.
40

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Level 1Quoted, active market prices for identical assets or liabilities.
Northern Trust’s Level 1 assets are comprised of available for sale (AFS) investments in U.S. Treasury securities.
Level 2 Observable inputs other than Level 1 prices, such as quoted active market prices for similar assets or liabilities, quoted prices for identical or similar assets in inactive markets, and model-derived valuations in which all significant inputs are observable in active markets.
Northern Trust’s Level 2 assets include AFS and trading account debt securities, the fair values of which are determined predominantly by external pricing vendors. Prices received from vendors are compared to other vendor and third-party prices. If a security price obtained from a pricing vendor is determined to exceed pre-determined tolerance levels that are assigned based on an asset type’s characteristics, the exception is researched and, if the price is not able to be validated, an alternate pricing vendor is utilized, consistent with Northern Trust’s pricing source hierarchy. As of September 30, 2021, Northern Trust’s AFS debt securities portfolio included 2,501 Level 2 debt securities with an aggregate market value of $35.5 billion. Substantially all 2,501 debt securities were valued by external pricing vendors. As of December 31, 2020, Northern Trust’s AFS debt securities portfolio included 2,260 Level 2 debt securities with an aggregate market value of $39.2 billion. All 2,260 debt securities were valued by external pricing vendors. Trading account debt securities, which totaled $0.2 million and $0.5 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, were all valued using external pricing vendors.
Level 2 assets and liabilities also include derivative contracts which are valued internally using widely accepted income-based models that incorporate inputs readily observable in actively quoted markets and reflect the contractual terms of the contracts. Observable inputs include foreign exchange rates and interest rates for foreign exchange contracts; credit spreads, default probabilities, and recovery rates for credit default swap contracts; interest rates for interest rate swap contracts and forward contracts; and interest rates and volatility inputs for interest rate option contracts. Northern Trust evaluates the impact of counterparty credit risk and its own credit risk on the valuation of its derivative instruments. Factors considered include the likelihood of default by Northern Trust and its counterparties, the remaining maturities of the instruments, net exposures after giving effect to master netting arrangements or similar agreements, available collateral, and other credit enhancements in determining the appropriate fair value of derivative instruments. The resulting valuation adjustments have not been considered material.
Level 3 — Valuation techniques in which one or more significant inputs are unobservable in the marketplace.
Northern Trust’s Level 3 liabilities consist of swaps that Northern Trust entered into with the purchaser of 1.1 million and 1.0 million shares of Visa Inc. Class B common stock (Visa Class B common shares) previously held by Northern Trust and sold in June 2016 and 2015, respectively. Pursuant to the swaps, Northern Trust retains the risks associated with the ultimate conversion of the Visa Class B common shares into shares of Visa Inc. Class A common stock (Visa Class A common shares), such that the counterparty will be compensated for any dilutive adjustments to the conversion ratio and Northern Trust will be compensated for any anti-dilutive adjustments to the ratio. The swaps also require periodic payments from Northern Trust to the counterparty calculated by reference to the market price of Visa Class A common shares and a fixed rate of interest. The fair value of the swaps is determined using a discounted cash flow methodology. The significant unobservable inputs used in the fair value measurement are Northern Trust’s own assumptions about estimated changes in the conversion rate of the Visa Class B common shares into Visa Class A common shares, the date on which such conversion is expected to occur and the estimated growth rate of the Visa Class A common share price. See “Visa Class B Common Shares” under Note 21 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities for further information.
Northern Trust believes its valuation methods for its assets and liabilities carried at fair value are appropriate; however, the use of different methodologies or assumptions, particularly as applied to Level 3 assets and liabilities, could have a material effect on the computation of their estimated fair values.
The following table presents the fair values of Northern Trust’s Level 3 liabilities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, as well as the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs, and quantitative information used to develop significant unobservable inputs for such liabilities as of such dates.

41

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 34: LEVEL 3 SIGNIFICANT UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT FAIR VALUE VALUATION TECHNIQUE UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS INPUT VALUES
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE INPUT VALUES(1)
Swaps Related to Sale of Certain Visa Class B Common Shares $36.7 million Discounted Cash Flow Conversion Rate 1.62x 1.62x
Visa Class A Appreciation 10.89% 10.89%
Expected Duration 12 - 33 months 20 months
(1) Weighted average of expected duration based on scenario probability.
DECEMBER 31, 2020
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT FAIR VALUE VALUATION TECHNIQUE UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS INPUT VALUES
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE INPUT VALUES(1)
Swaps Related to Sale of Certain Visa Class B Common Shares $35.3 million Discounted Cash Flow Conversion Rate 1.62x 1.62x
Visa Class A Appreciation 8.73% 8.73%
Expected Duration 12 - 33 months 20 months
(1) Weighted average of expected duration based on scenario probability.

The following table presents assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, segregated by fair value hierarchy level.
TABLE 35: RECURRING BASIS HIERARCHY LEVELING
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 NETTING ASSETS/LIABILITIES AT FAIR VALUE
Debt Securities
Available for Sale
U.S. Government $ 2,550.2  $   $   $   $ 2,550.2 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions   3,750.1      3,750.1 
Government Sponsored Agency   18,541.7      18,541.7 
Non-U.S. Government   273.4      273.4 
Corporate Debt   2,443.8      2,443.8 
Covered Bonds   559.0      559.0 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds   3,022.7      3,022.7 
Other Asset-Backed   5,635.0      5,635.0 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed   1,257.0      1,257.0 
Total Available for Sale 2,550.2  35,482.7      38,032.9 
Trading Account   0.2      0.2 
Total Available for Sale and Trading Debt Securities 2,550.2  35,482.9      38,033.1 
Other Assets
Derivative Assets
Foreign Exchange Contracts   2,809.4    (936.9) 1,872.5 
Interest Rate Contracts   194.8    (2.6) 192.2 
Total Derivative Assets   3,004.2    (939.5) 2,064.7 
Other Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities
Foreign Exchange Contracts   2,612.7    (2,268.8) 343.9 
Interest Rate Contracts   107.3    (65.1) 42.2 
Other Financial Derivatives(1)
    36.7    36.7 
Total Derivative Liabilities $   $ 2,720.0  $ 36.7  $ (2,333.9) $ 422.8 
Note: Northern Trust has elected to net derivative assets and liabilities when legally enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements exist between Northern Trust and the counterparty. As of September 30, 2021, derivative assets and liabilities shown above also include reductions of $92.9 million and $1,487.3 million, respectively, as a result of cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties.
(1)This line consists of swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.
42

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3 NETTING ASSETS/LIABILITIES AT FAIR VALUE
Debt Securities
Available for Sale
U.S. Government $ 2,799.9  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 2,799.9 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions —  3,083.6  —  —  3,083.6 
Government Sponsored Agency —  24,956.7  —  —  24,956.7 
Non-U.S. Government —  714.0  —  —  714.0 
Corporate Debt —  2,539.6  —  —  2,539.6 
Covered Bonds —  553.1  —  —  553.1 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds —  2,345.8  —  —  2,345.8 
Other Asset-Backed —  3,997.5  —  —  3,997.5 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed —  1,031.8  —  —  1,031.8 
Total Available for Sale 2,799.9  39,222.1  —  —  42,022.0 
Trading Account —  0.5  —  —  0.5 
Total Available for Sale and Trading Debt Securities 2,799.9  39,222.6  —  —  42,022.5 
Other Assets
Derivative Assets
Foreign Exchange Contracts —  4,260.7  —  (3,505.3) 755.4 
Interest Rate Contracts —  297.5  —  (2.5) 295.0 
Total Derivative Assets —  4,558.2  —  (3,507.8) 1,050.4 
Other Liabilities
Derivative Liabilities
Foreign Exchange Contracts —  4,722.5  —  (2,718.6) 2,003.9 
Interest Rate Contracts —  125.0  —  (98.5) 26.5 
Other Financial Derivatives(1)
—  —  35.3  —  35.3 
Total Derivative Liabilities $ —  $ 4,847.5  $ 35.3  $ (2,817.1) $ 2,065.7 
Note: Northern Trust has elected to net derivative assets and liabilities when legally enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements exist between Northern Trust and the counterparty. As of December 31, 2020, derivative assets and liabilities shown above also include reductions of $1,867.8 million and $1,177.2 million, respectively, as a result of cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties.
(1) This line consists of swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.

The following table presents the changes in Level 3 liabilities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

TABLE 36: CHANGES IN LEVEL 3 LIABILITIES
(In Millions) SWAPS RELATED TO SALE OF CERTAIN VISA CLASS B COMMON SHARES
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020
Fair Value at July 1
$ 38.4  $ 31.3 
Total (Gains) Losses:
Included in Earnings(1)
3.6  5.3 
Purchases, Issues, Sales, and Settlements
Settlements (5.3) (4.3)
Fair Value at September 30
$ 36.7  $ 32.3 
(1) (Gains) losses are recorded in Other Operating Income on the consolidated statements of income.
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020
Fair Value at January 1 $ 35.3  $ 33.4 
Total (Gains) Losses:
Included in Earnings(1)
15.7  11.0 
Purchases, Issues, Sales, and Settlements
Settlements (14.3) (12.1)
Fair Value at September 30
$ 36.7  $ 32.3 
(1) (Gains) losses are recorded in Other Operating Income on the consolidated statements of income.
43

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Carrying values of assets and liabilities that are not measured at fair value on a recurring basis may be adjusted to fair value in periods subsequent to their initial recognition, for example, to record an impairment of an asset. GAAP requires entities to separately disclose these subsequent fair value measurements and to classify them under the fair value hierarchy.
Assets measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, all of which were categorized as Level 3 under the fair value hierarchy, were comprised of nonaccrual loans whose values were based on real estate and other available collateral, and of other real estate owned (OREO) properties.
Fair values of real estate loan collateral were estimated using a market approach typically supported by third-party valuations and property-specific fees and taxes. The fair values of real estate loan collateral were subject to adjustments to reflect management’s judgment as to realizable value and consisted of discount factors ranging from 15.0% to 20.0% with a weighted average based on fair values of 15.6% and 16.8% as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Other loan collateral, which typically consists of accounts receivable, inventory and equipment, is valued using a market approach adjusted for asset-specific characteristics and in limited instances third-party valuations are used. OREO assets are carried at the lower of cost or fair value less estimated costs to sell, with fair value typically based on third-party appraisals.
Collateral-based nonaccrual loans that have been adjusted to fair value totaled $14.7 million and $24.6 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The following table presents the fair values of Northern Trust’s Level 3 assets that were measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, as well as the valuation technique, significant unobservable inputs and quantitative information used to develop the significant unobservable inputs for such assets as of such dates.
TABLE 37: LEVEL 3 NONRECURRING BASIS SIGNIFICANT UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT
FAIR VALUE(1)
VALUATION TECHNIQUE UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS INPUT VALUES WEIGHTED-AVERAGE INPUT VALUES
Loans $14.7 million Market Approach Discount factor applied to real estate collateral-based loans to reflect realizable value 15.0  % - 20.0% 15.6%
(1) Includes real estate collateral-based loans and other collateral-based loans.
DECEMBER 31, 2020
FINANCIAL INSTRUMENT
FAIR VALUE(1)
VALUATION TECHNIQUE UNOBSERVABLE INPUTS INPUT VALUES WEIGHTED-AVERAGE INPUT VALUES
Loans $24.6 million Market Approach Discount factor applied to real estate collateral-based loans to reflect realizable value 15.0  % - 20.0% 16.8%
(1) Includes real estate collateral-based loans and other collateral-based loans.

44

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
The following table summarizes the fair values of all financial instruments.
TABLE 38: FAIR VALUE OF FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
    FAIR VALUE
(In Millions) BOOK VALUE TOTAL FAIR VALUE LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
ASSETS
Cash and Due from Banks $ 4,194.7  $ 4,194.7  $ 4,194.7  $   $  
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits 50,030.2  50,030.2    50,030.2   
Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks 2,937.6  2,937.6    2,937.6   
Federal Funds Sold          
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 872.8  872.8    872.8   
Debt Securities
Available for Sale(1)
38,032.9  38,032.9  2,550.2  35,482.7   
Held to Maturity 20,797.8  20,692.8  111.0  20,581.8   
Trading Account 0.2  0.2    0.2   
Loans (excluding Leases)
Held for Investment 39,181.9  39,183.4      39,183.4 
Held for Sale 120.2  136.8    136.8   
Client Security Settlement Receivables 1,954.3  1,954.3    1,954.3   
Other Assets
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock 230.0  230.0    230.0   
Community Development Investments 949.4  949.4    949.4   
Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation 222.8  228.1  123.4  104.7   
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Demand, Noninterest-Bearing, Savings, Money Market and Other Interest-Bearing $ 72,849.7  $ 72,849.7  $ 72,849.7  $   $  
Savings Certificates and Other Time 882.1  884.7    884.7   
Non U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing 68,192.8  68,192.8    68,192.8   
Federal Funds Purchased 0.2  0.2    0.2   
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 573.6  573.6    573.6   
Other Borrowings 5,617.4  5,617.5    5,617.5   
Senior Notes 2,527.7  2,618.9    2,618.9   
Long-Term Debt
Subordinated Debt 1,160.6  1,213.9    1,213.9   
Floating Rate Capital Debt 277.9  278.0    278.0   
Other Liabilities
Standby Letters of Credit 17.0  17.0      17.0 
Loan Commitments 61.6  61.6      61.6 
Derivative Instruments
Asset/Liability Management
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Assets $ 159.8  $ 159.8  $   $ 159.8  $  
Liabilities 19.0  19.0    19.0   
Interest Rate Contracts
Assets 17.6  17.6    17.6   
Liabilities 9.3  9.3    9.3   
Other Financial Derivatives
Liabilities(2)
36.7  36.7      36.7 
Client-Related and Trading
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Assets 2,649.6  2,649.6    2,649.6   
Liabilities 2,593.7  2,593.7    2,593.7   
Interest Rate Contracts
Assets 177.2  177.2    177.2   
Liabilities 98.0  98.0    98.0   
(1) Refer to the table located on page 42 for the disaggregation of AFS debt securities.
(2) This line consists of swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.
45

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
DECEMBER 31, 2020
    FAIR VALUE
(In Millions) BOOK VALUE TOTAL FAIR VALUE LEVEL 1 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 3
ASSETS
Cash and Due from Banks $ 4,389.5  $ 4,389.5  $ 4,389.5  $ —  $ — 
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits 55,503.6  55,503.6  —  55,503.6  — 
Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks 4,372.6  4,372.6  —  4,372.6  — 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell 1,596.5  1,596.5  —  1,596.5  — 
Debt Securities
Available for Sale(1)
42,022.0  42,022.0  2,799.9  39,222.1  — 
Held to Maturity 17,791.1  17,797.4  90.0  17,707.4  — 
Trading Account 0.5  0.5  —  0.5  — 
Loans (excluding Leases)
Held for Investment 33,558.0  34,017.5  —  —  34,017.5 
Client Security Settlement Receivables 1,160.2  1,160.2  —  1,160.2  — 
Other Assets
Federal Reserve and Federal Home Loan Bank Stock 275.0  275.0  —  275.0  — 
Community Development Investments 919.6  919.6  —  919.6  — 
Employee Benefit and Deferred Compensation 215.8  228.9  138.6  90.3  — 
LIABILITIES
Deposits
Demand, Noninterest-Bearing, Savings, Money Market and Other Interest-Bearing $ 71,742.5  $ 71,742.5  $ 71,742.5  $ —  $ — 
Savings Certificates and Other Time 937.1  943.0  —  943.0  — 
Non U.S. Offices Interest-Bearing 71,198.4  71,198.4  —  71,198.4  — 
Federal Funds Purchased 260.2  260.2  —  260.2  — 
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 39.8  39.8  —  39.8  — 
Other Borrowings 4,011.5  4,012.7  —  4,012.7  — 
Senior Notes 3,122.4  3,222.6  —  3,222.6  — 
Long-Term Debt
Subordinated Debt 1,189.3  1,250.1  —  1,250.1  — 
Floating Rate Capital Debt 277.8  264.6  —  264.6  — 
Other Liabilities
Standby Letters of Credit 22.4  22.4  —  —  22.4 
Loan Commitments 77.0  77.0  —  —  77.0 
Derivative Instruments
Asset/Liability Management
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Assets $ 15.6  $ 15.6  $ —  $ 15.6  $ — 
Liabilities 311.8  311.8  —  311.8  — 
Interest Rate Contracts
Assets 8.3  8.3  —  8.3  — 
Liabilities 10.2  10.2  —  10.2  — 
Other Financial Derivatives
Liabilities(2)
35.3  35.3  —  —  35.3 
Client-Related and Trading
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Assets 4,245.1  4,245.1  —  4,245.1  — 
Liabilities 4,410.7  4,410.7  —  4,410.7  — 
Interest Rate Contracts
Assets 289.2  289.2  —  289.2  — 
Liabilities 114.8  114.8  —  114.8  — 
(1) Refer to the table located on page 43 for the disaggregation of AFS debt securities.    
(2) This line consists of swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.
46

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 4 – Securities
Available for Sale Debt Securities. The following tables provide the amortized cost and fair values at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and remaining maturities of AFS debt securities at September 30, 2021.
TABLE 39: RECONCILIATION OF AMORTIZED COST TO FAIR VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) AMORTIZED COST GROSS UNREALIZED GAINS GROSS UNREALIZED LOSSES FAIR VALUE
U.S. Government $ 2,517.1  $ 40.6  $ 7.5  $ 2,550.2 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 3,682.1  95.3  27.3  3,750.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 18,498.2  134.4  90.9  18,541.7 
Non-U.S. Government 277.3  0.1  4.0  273.4 
Corporate Debt 2,395.2  51.0  2.4  2,443.8 
Covered Bonds 552.6  6.4    559.0 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 2,996.1  40.7  14.1  3,022.7 
Other Asset-Backed 5,618.1  22.7  5.8  5,635.0 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 1,204.8  53.0  0.8  1,257.0 
Total $ 37,741.5  $ 444.2  $ 152.8  $ 38,032.9 
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) AMORTIZED COST GROSS UNREALIZED GAINS GROSS UNREALIZED LOSSES FAIR VALUE
U.S. Government $ 2,728.8  $ 71.1  $ —  $ 2,799.9 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 2,927.8  155.9  0.1  3,083.6 
Government Sponsored Agency 24,595.1  388.5  26.9  24,956.7 
Non-U.S. Government 713.6  1.1  0.7  714.0 
Corporate Debt 2,459.9  79.8  0.1  2,539.6 
Covered Bonds 543.1  10.0  —  553.1 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 2,281.7  64.7  0.6  2,345.8 
Other Asset-Backed 3,953.5  46.8  2.8  3,997.5 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 952.2  79.7  0.1  1,031.8 
Total $ 41,155.7  $ 897.6  $ 31.3  $ 42,022.0 
47

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 40: REMAINING MATURITY OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 ONE YEAR OR LESS ONE TO FIVE YEARS FIVE TO TEN YEARS OVER TEN YEARS TOTAL
(In Millions) AMORTIZED COST FAIR VALUE AMORTIZED COST FAIR VALUE AMORTIZED COST FAIR VALUE AMORTIZED COST FAIR VALUE AMORTIZED COST FAIR VALUE
U.S. Government $ 100.0  $ 100.2  $ 2,168.7  $ 2,209.2  $ 248.4  $ 240.8  $   $   $ 2,517.1  $ 2,550.2 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 24.0  24.2  399.4  417.5  3,077.6  3,129.9  181.1  178.5  3,682.1  3,750.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 2,878.7  2,892.9  8,382.3  8,412.6  6,022.9  6,020.7  1,214.3  1,215.5  18,498.2  18,541.7 
Non-U.S. Government     195.1  193.5  82.2  79.9      277.3  273.4 
Corporate Debt 382.9  387.6  1,988.7  2,032.7  18.0  17.9  5.6  5.6  2,395.2  2,443.8 
Covered Bonds 174.6  175.4  378.0  383.6          552.6  559.0 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 747.0  752.8  1,885.6  1,910.6  363.5  359.3      2,996.1  3,022.7 
Other Asset-Backed 1,112.0  1,120.8  3,218.7  3,227.5  1,125.5  1,124.8  161.9  161.9  5,618.1  5,635.0 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 9.8  9.7  751.5  778.2  443.5  469.1      1,204.8  1,257.0 
Total $ 5,429.0  $ 5,463.6  $ 19,368.0  $ 19,565.4  $ 11,381.6  $ 11,442.4  $ 1,562.9  $ 1,561.5  $ 37,741.5  $ 38,032.9 
Note: Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are included in the above table taking into account anticipated future prepayments.
Available for Sale Debt Securities with Unrealized Losses. The following table provides information regarding AFS debt securities with no credit losses reported that had been in a continuous unrealized loss position for less than twelve months and for twelve months or longer as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 41: AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES IN UNREALIZED LOSS POSITION WITH NO CREDIT LOSSES REPORTED
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 LESS THAN 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS OR LONGER TOTAL
(In Millions) FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
U.S. Government $ 241.8  $ 7.5  $   $   $ 241.8  $ 7.5 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 1,500.0  27.3      1,500.0  27.3 
Government Sponsored Agency 4,762.1  85.9  1,202.8  5.0  5,964.9  90.9 
Non-U.S. Government 235.1  4.0      235.1  4.0 
Corporate Debt 495.4  2.4      495.4  2.4 
Covered Bonds 47.7        47.7   
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 999.0  14.0  49.9  0.1  1,048.9  14.1 
Other Asset-Backed 2,141.7  5.8  60.0    2,201.7  5.8 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 167.4  0.8      167.4  0.8 
Total $ 10,590.2  $ 147.7  $ 1,312.7  $ 5.1  $ 11,902.9  $ 152.8 
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020 LESS THAN 12 MONTHS 12 MONTHS OR LONGER TOTAL
(In Millions) FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
FAIR
VALUE
UNREALIZED
LOSSES
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions $ 52.3  $ 0.1  $ —  $ —  $ 52.3  $ 0.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 2,402.3  13.6  2,528.7  13.3  4,931.0  26.9 
Non-U.S. Government 90.5  0.7  —  —  90.5  0.7 
Corporate Debt 66.6  0.1  —  —  66.6  0.1 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 162.8  0.5  49.9  0.1  212.7  0.6 
Other Asset-Backed 176.8  0.2  792.3  2.6  969.1  2.8 
Commercial Mortgage-Backed 44.4  0.1  —  —  44.4  0.1 
Total $ 2,995.7  $ 15.3  $ 3,370.9  $ 16.0  $ 6,366.6  $ 31.3 
As of September 30, 2021, 966 AFS debt securities with a combined fair value of $11.9 billion were in an unrealized loss position, with their unrealized losses totaling $152.8 million. Unrealized losses related to AFS debt securities of $90.9 million and $27.3 million related to government-sponsored agency and obligations of states and political subdivisions, respectively, are primarily attributable to changes in market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase. As of September 30, 2021, 15% of the AFS corporate debt securities portfolio were backed by guarantees provided by U.S. and non-U.S. governmental entities. The remaining unrealized losses on Northern Trust’s AFS debt securities portfolio as of September 30, 2021 are attributable to changes in overall market interest rates or credit spreads.
48

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
As of September 30, 2021, Northern Trust did not intend to sell any AFS debt securities in an unrealized loss position and it was more likely than not that Northern Trust would not be required to sell any such investment before the recovery of its amortized cost basis, which may be maturity.
AFS debt securities impairment reviews are conducted quarterly to identify and evaluate securities that have indications of possible credit losses. A determination as to whether a security’s decline in market value is related to credit impairment takes into consideration numerous factors and the relative significance of any single factor can vary by security. Factors Northern Trust considers in determining whether impairment is credit-related include, but are not limited to, the severity of the impairment; the cause of the impairment and the financial condition and near-term prospects of the issuer; activity in the market of the issuer, which may indicate adverse credit conditions; Northern Trust’s intent regarding the sale of the security as of the balance sheet date; and the likelihood that Northern Trust will not be required to sell the security for a period of time sufficient to allow for the recovery of the security’s amortized cost basis. For each security meeting the requirements of Northern Trust’s internal screening process, an extensive review is conducted to determine if a credit loss has occurred.
There was no provision for credit losses for corporate debt AFS securities for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. There was no allowance for credit losses for corporate debt AFS securities as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. The process for identifying credit losses for corporate debt AFS securities is based on the best estimate of cash flows to be collected from the security, discounted using the security’s effective interest rate. If the present value of the expected cash flows is found to be less than the current amortized cost of the security, an allowance for credit losses is generally recorded equal to the difference between the two amounts, limited to the amount the amortized cost basis exceeds the fair value of the security. For additional information, please refer to Note 7 — Allowance for Credit Losses.
Held to Maturity Debt Securities. The following tables provide the amortized cost and fair values at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, and remaining maturities of held to maturity (HTM) debt securities at September 30, 2021.
TABLE 42: RECONCILIATION OF AMORTIZED COST TO FAIR VALUE OF HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) AMORTIZED
COST
GROSS UNREALIZED GAINS GROSS UNREALIZED LOSSES FAIR
VALUE
U.S Government $ 111.0  $   $   $ 111.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 1.0      1.0 
Government Sponsored Agency 6,208.8  5.0  47.4  6,166.4 
Non-U.S. Government 2,792.8  5.7  3.7  2,794.8 
Corporate Debt 945.8  4.2  2.3  947.7 
Covered Bonds 2,988.5  12.2  3.4  2,997.3 
Certificates of Deposit 777.8      777.8 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 5,804.9  21.4  41.9  5,784.4 
Other Asset-Backed 694.3  1.7  0.1  695.9 
Other 472.9  4.7  61.1  416.5 
Total $ 20,797.8  $ 54.9  $ 159.9  $ 20,692.8 
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) AMORTIZED
COST
GROSS UNREALIZED GAINS GROSS UNREALIZED LOSSES FAIR
VALUE
U.S. Government $ 90.0  $ —  $ —  $ 90.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 2.1  0.1  —  2.2 
Government Sponsored Agency 3.0  0.3  —  3.3 
Non-U.S. Government 8,336.6  7.3  0.2  8,343.7 
Corporate Debt 588.0  6.5  0.1  594.4 
Covered Bonds 3,184.6  24.6  0.3  3,208.9 
Certificates of Deposit 807.2  —  —  807.2 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 3,648.0  43.5  0.9  3,690.6 
Other Asset-Backed 677.0  0.9  —  677.9 
Other 454.6  1.1  76.5  379.2 
Total $ 17,791.1  $ 84.3  $ 78.0  $ 17,797.4 
As of September 30, 2021, the $20.8 billion HTM debt securities portfolio had unrealized losses of $61.1 million, $47.4 million and $41.9 million related to other residential mortgage-backed securities, government-sponsored agency, and sub-sovereign, supranational and non-U.S. agency bonds, respectively, which are primarily attributable to changes in overall market interest rates and credit spreads since their purchase.
49

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 43: REMAINING MATURITY OF HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 ONE YEAR OR LESS ONE TO FIVE YEARS FIVE TO TEN YEARS OVER TEN YEARS TOTAL
(In Millions) Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value Amortized Cost Fair Value
U.S. Government $ 111.0  $ 111.0  $   $   $   $   $   $   $ 111.0  $ 111.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions 1.0  1.0              1.0  1.0 
Government Sponsored Agency 1,266.9  1,259.1  2,120.8  2,106.2  1,883.8  1,871.9  937.3  929.2  6,208.8  6,166.4 
Non-U.S. Government 1,543.0  1,543.0  753.0  757.0  496.8  494.8      2,792.8  2,794.8 
Corporate Debt 25.1  25.1  791.7  794.3  129.0  128.3      945.8  947.7 
Covered Bonds 885.2  887.7  1,572.2  1,581.0  531.1  528.6      2,988.5  2,997.3 
Certificates of Deposit 777.8  777.8              777.8  777.8 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 842.7  847.7  3,850.4  3,847.2  1,111.8  1,089.5      5,804.9  5,784.4 
Other Asset-Backed 231.4  231.8  424.5  425.6  38.4  38.5      694.3  695.9 
Other 124.8  122.4  179.7  171.9  52.1  50.7  116.3  71.5  472.9  416.5 
Total $ 5,808.9  $ 5,806.6  $ 9,692.3  $ 9,683.2  $ 4,243.0  $ 4,202.3  $ 1,053.6  $ 1,000.7  $ 20,797.8  $ 20,692.8 
Note: Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities are included in the above table taking into account anticipated future prepayments.
HTM debt securities consist of securities that management intends to, and Northern Trust has the ability to, hold until maturity. During the three months ended September 30, 2021, no securities were transferred from AFS to HTM. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, $6.9 billion of government sponsored agency securities were transferred from AFS to HTM for capital management purposes, all of which were transferred in the second quarter of 2021. Upon transfer of a debt security from the AFS to HTM classification, the amortized cost is reset to fair value. Any net unrealized gain or loss at the date of transfer will remain in AOCI and be amortized into net interest income over the remaining life of the securities using the effective interest method. The amortization of amounts retained in AOCI will offset the effect on interest income of the amortization of the premium or discount resulting from transferring the securities at fair value. During the three months ended September 30, 2020, no securities were transferred from AFS to HTM. During the nine months ended September 30, 2020, $301.5 million of securities reflected in U.S government were transferred from AFS to HTM, all of which were transferred in the second quarter of 2020.
Credit Quality Indicators. The following table provides the amortized cost of HTM debt securities by credit rating.

TABLE 44: AMORTIZED COST OF HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES BY CREDIT RATING
AS OF SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 111.0  $   $   $   $   $ 111.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions   1.0        1.0 
Government Sponsored Agency 6,208.8          6,208.8 
Non-U.S. Government 657.3  743.1  1,059.3  333.1    2,792.8 
Corporate Debt 49.2  387.2  509.4      945.8 
Covered Bonds 2,988.5          2,988.5 
Certificates of Deposit         777.8  777.8 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 4,004.8  1,767.2  31.7  1.2    5,804.9 
Other Asset-Backed 694.3          694.3 
Other         472.9  472.9 
Total $ 14,713.9  $ 2,898.5  $ 1,600.4  $ 334.3  $ 1,250.7  $ 20,797.8 
Percent of Total 71  % 14  % 8  % 2  % 5  % 100  %

50

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) AAA AA A BBB NOT RATED TOTAL
U.S. Government $ 90.0  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ 90.0 
Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions —  1.0  —  1.1  —  2.1 
Government Sponsored Agency 3.0  —  —  —  —  3.0 
Non-U.S. Government 319.8  1,337.4  6,630.6  48.8  —  8,336.6 
Corporate Debt 3.8  279.1  305.1  —  —  588.0 
Covered Bonds 3,184.6  —  —  —  —  3,184.6 
Certificates of Deposit —  —  —  —  807.2  807.2 
Sub-Sovereign, Supranational and Non-U.S. Agency Bonds 2,590.9  1,057.1  —  —  —  3,648.0 
Other Asset-Backed 677.0  —  —  —  —  677.0 
Other —  —  —  —  454.6  454.6 
Total $ 6,869.1  $ 2,674.6  $ 6,935.7  $ 49.9  $ 1,261.8  $ 17,791.1 
Percent of Total 39  % 15  % 39  % —  % % 100  %
Credit quality indicators are metrics that provide information regarding the relative credit risk of debt securities. Northern Trust maintains a high quality debt securities portfolio, with 93% of the HTM portfolio at both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 comprised of securities rated A or higher. The remaining HTM debt securities portfolio was comprised of 2% rated BBB at September 30, 2021 and 5% and 7% not rated by Moody’s Investors Service, Standard and Poor’s or Fitch Ratings at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Securities not explicitly rated were grouped where possible under the credit rating of the issuer of the security.
Investment Security Gains and Losses. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, gross and net investment security gains were less than $0.1 million. There were no sales of debt securities during the three months ended September 30, 2020. Proceeds of $689.2 million from the sale of debt securities during the nine months ended September 30, 2020 resulted in gross realized debt securities gains of $3.4 million and gross realized debt securities losses of $3.3 million. There were no net investment security (losses) gains for the three months ended September 30, 2020. There was $0.1 million of net investment security gains for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Note 5 – Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are accounted for as collateralized financings and recorded at the amounts at which the securities were sold plus accrued interest. To minimize any potential credit risk associated with these transactions, the fair value of the securities sold is monitored, limits are set on exposure with counterparties, and the financial condition of counterparties is regularly assessed. Securities sold under agreements to repurchase are held by the counterparty until the repurchase.
The following table provides information regarding repurchase agreements that are accounted for as secured borrowings as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 45: REPURCHASE AGREEMENTS ACCOUNTED FOR AS SECURED BORROWINGS
REMAINING CONTRACTUAL MATURITY OF THE AGREEMENTS
OVERNIGHT AND CONTINUOUS
($ In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
U.S. Treasury and Agency Securities $ 573.6  $ 39.8 
Total Borrowings 573.6  39.8 
Net Amount of Recognized Liabilities for Repurchase Agreements in Note 23 573.6  39.8 
Amounts related to agreements not included in Note 23   — 
51

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 6 – Loans and Leases
Amounts outstanding for Loans and Leases, by segment and class, are shown in the following table.
TABLE 46: LOANS AND LEASES
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional $ 11,228.4  $ 10,058.3 
Commercial Real Estate 4,333.8  3,558.4 
Non-U.S. 2,522.9  1,345.7 
Lease Financing, net 11.0  11.4 
Other 349.8  288.2 
Total Commercial 18,445.9  15,262.0 
Personal
Private Client 14,613.8  11,815.1 
Residential Real Estate 5,857.0  6,035.7 
Non-U.S. 371.5  597.9 
Other 168.4  49.0 
Total Personal 21,010.7  18,497.7 
Total Loans and Leases $ 39,456.6  $ 33,759.7 
Residential real estate loans consist of traditional first lien mortgages and equity credit lines that generally require a loan-to-collateral value of no more than 65% to 80% at inception. Northern Trust’s equity credit line products generally have draw periods of up to 10 years and a balloon payment of any outstanding balance is due at maturity. Payments are interest-only with variable interest rates. Northern Trust does not offer equity credit lines that include an option to convert the outstanding balance to an amortizing payment loan. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, equity credit lines totaled $262.2 million and $304.4 million, respectively, and equity credit lines for which first liens were held by Northern Trust represented 97% of the total equity credit lines as of both September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Included within the non-U.S., commercial-other and personal-other classes are short-duration advances primarily related to the processing of custodied client investments, totaling $2.0 billion at September 30, 2021 and $1.1 billion at December 31, 2020, respectively. Demand deposit overdrafts reclassified as loan balances totaled $6.0 million and $26.4 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Loans classified as held for sale totaled $120.2 million at September 30, 2021 related to the decision to exit a non-strategic loan portfolio. There were no loans classified as held for sale at December 31, 2020. Loans classified as held for sale are recorded at the lower of cost or fair value.
As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, there were no leases classified as held for sale.
Paycheck Protection Program. In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Northern Trust became a lender under the Paycheck Protection Program, as amended (PPP), which was created by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act and is administered by the U.S. Small Business Administration (SBA). Loans issued under the PPP are funded by Northern Trust directly to participating borrowers. The PPP loans are guaranteed by the SBA and borrowers are eligible to apply for PPP loan forgiveness for up to the full principal amount and accrued interest of the PPP loan.
To the extent a borrower uses PPP loan proceeds to cover eligible costs and has met all other SBA loan forgiveness requirements, the SBA will determine loan forgiveness under the CARES Act and will pay to Northern Trust the eligible PPP loan forgiven amount, which will be credited to the borrower’s loan to repay or pay down the PPP loan. The SBA forgiveness portal opened on August 10, 2020 and Northern Trust’s vendor portal opened on September 11, 2020 to begin processing the PPP loan forgiveness applications. When Northern Trust submits forgiveness applications to the SBA, the SBA has at least 90 days to respond as to the approval or denial of such application. 1,245 applications went through the PPP loan forgiveness process and resulted in $214.0 million of loan principal and interest being forgiven as of September 30, 2021.
52

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
As of September 30, 2021, Northern Trust had 314 outstanding loans totaling $79.6 million under the PPP in its commercial and institutional portfolio with an average loan balance of $0.3 million. For its origination efforts, Northern Trust received approximately $2.7 million in SBA fees, net of service charges as of September 30, 2021.
Northern Trust accounts for loans originated under the PPP as loan receivables in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 310 and recognizes such loans at the principal amount less the net amount of loan origination fees. PPP loans are reported in Total Loans and Leases on the consolidated balance sheets.
The SBA provides a 100% guarantee on PPP loans covering principal and interest. Northern Trust considers the risk mitigating effects of these guarantees, and accounts for them as a credit enhancement embedded in the contract. As a result, no allowance for credit losses is measured for Northern Trust’s exposure under the PPP.
Credit Quality Indicators. Credit quality indicators are statistics, measurements or other metrics that provide information regarding the relative credit risk of loans and leases. Northern Trust utilizes a variety of credit quality indicators to assess the credit risk of loans and leases at the segment, class, and individual credit exposure levels.
As part of its credit process, Northern Trust utilizes an internal borrower risk rating system to support identification, approval, and monitoring of credit risk. Borrower risk ratings are used in credit underwriting and management reporting. Risk ratings are used for ranking the credit risk of borrowers and the probability of their default. Each borrower is rated using one of a number of ratings models, which consider both quantitative and qualitative factors. The ratings models vary among classes of loans and leases in order to capture the unique risk characteristics inherent within each particular type of credit exposure. Provided below are the more significant performance indicator attributes considered within Northern Trust’s borrower rating models, by loan and lease class.
Commercial and Institutional: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, asset size and capital levels;
Commercial Real Estate: debt service coverage, loan-to-value ratio, leasing status and guarantor support;
Lease Financing and Commercial-Other: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, asset size and capital levels;
Non-U.S.: leverage, profit margin, liquidity, return on assets and capital levels;
Residential Real Estate: payment history, credit bureau scores and loan-to-value ratio;
Private Client: cash-flow-to-debt and net worth ratios, leverage and liquidity; and
Personal-Other: cash-flow-to-debt and net worth ratios.
While the criteria vary by model, the objective is for the borrower ratings to be consistent in both the measurement and ranking of risk. Each model is calibrated to a master rating scale to support this consistency. Ratings for borrowers not in default range from “1” for the strongest credits to “7” for the weakest non-defaulted credits. Ratings of “8” or “9” are used for defaulted borrowers. Borrower risk ratings are monitored and are revised when events or circumstances indicate a change is required. Risk ratings are generally validated at least annually.
Loan and lease segment and class balances as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 are provided in the following table, segregated by borrower ratings into “1 to 3,” “4 to 5” and “6 to 9” (watch list and nonaccrual status) categories by year of origination at amortized cost basis. Loans that are held for investment are reported at the principal amount outstanding, net of unearned income.
53

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 47: CREDIT QUALITY INDICATOR AT AMORTIZED COST BASIS BY ORIGINATION YEAR
September 30, 2021 TERM LOANS AND LEASES REVOLVING LOANS REVOLVING LOANS CONVERTED TO TERM LOANS
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 PRIOR TOTAL
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category $ 878.7  $ 517.7  $ 337.1  $ 208.1  $ 69.8  $ 613.2  $ 4,565.5  $ 0.1  $ 7,190.2 
4 to 5 Category 918.7  388.6  380.8  244.4  249.9  248.4  1,345.5  33.9  3,810.2 
6 to 9 Category 25.3  27.0  48.4  30.9  10.0  2.7  83.7    228.0 
Total Commercial and Institutional 1,822.7  933.3  766.3  483.4  329.7  864.3  5,994.7  34.0  11,228.4 
Commercial Real Estate
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 390.0  241.5  250.7  91.0  15.5  79.6  156.2  2.7  1,227.2 
4 to 5 Category 829.4  740.2  601.4  228.0  90.7  415.8  74.4  20.6  3,000.5 
6 to 9 Category 19.5    55.3    20.3  11.0      106.1 
Total Commercial Real Estate 1,238.9  981.7  907.4  319.0  126.5  506.4  230.6  23.3  4,333.8 
Non-U.S.
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 1,325.4  231.0  16.6    9.1    491.2    2,073.3 
4 to 5 Category 260.9      2.0    71.3  81.4  1.8  417.4 
6 to 9 Category 0.1    23.1        9.0    32.2 
Total Non-U.S. 1,586.4  231.0  39.7  2.0  9.1  71.3  581.6  1.8  2,522.9 
Lease Financing, net
Risk Rating:
4 to 5 Category           11.0      11.0 
Total Lease Financing, net           11.0      11.0 
Other
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 154.5                154.5 
4 to 5 Category 195.3                195.3 
Total Other 349.8                349.8 
Total Commercial 4,997.8  2,146.0  1,713.4  804.4  465.3  1,453.0  6,806.9  59.1  18,445.9 
Personal
Private Client
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 282.7  227.6  86.9  13.4  53.9  131.4  7,399.7  64.3  8,259.9 
4 to 5 Category 435.1  493.5  533.9  89.0  42.4  72.7  4,490.9  166.3  6,323.8 
6 to 9 Category 1.0  5.4    20.8    0.2  2.7    30.1 
Total Private Client 718.8  726.5  620.8  123.2  96.3  204.3  11,893.3  230.6  14,613.8 
Residential Real Estate
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 923.7  1,142.4  231.5  24.1  67.1  616.8  143.1    3,148.7 
4 to 5 Category 398.4  993.3  278.2  90.5  109.6  494.8  237.7  1.9  2,604.4 
6 to 9 Category 0.5  9.8  7.9  0.6  0.5  69.3  15.1  0.2  103.9 
Total Residential Real Estate 1,322.6  2,145.5  517.6  115.2  177.2  1,180.9  395.9  2.1  5,857.0 
Non-U.S.
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 11.2    30.9      1.1  41.6    84.8 
4 to 5 Category 37.0  7.1  6.2  10.4    3.9  209.0  12.9  286.5 
6 to 9 Category           0.2      0.2 
Total Non-U.S. 48.2  7.1  37.1  10.4    5.2  250.6  12.9  371.5 
Other
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 146.7                146.7 
4 to 5 Category 21.7                21.7 
Total Other 168.4                168.4 
Total Personal 2,258.0  2,879.1  1,175.5  248.8  273.5  1,390.4  12,539.8  245.6  21,010.7 
Total Loans and Leases $ 7,255.8  $ 5,025.1  $ 2,888.9  $ 1,053.2  $ 738.8  $ 2,843.4  $ 19,346.7  $ 304.7  $ 39,456.6 
54

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
December 31, 2020 TERM LOANS AND LEASES REVOLVING LOANS REVOLVING LOANS CONVERTED TO TERM LOANS
(In Millions) 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 PRIOR TOTAL
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category $ 663.8  $ 546.0  $ 204.6  $ 96.0  $ 396.0  $ 448.8  $ 3,742.4  $ 5.5  $ 6,103.1 
4 to 5 Category 793.4  505.1  354.1  405.4  134.6  167.3  1,238.7  32.3  3,630.9 
6 to 9 Category 34.3  119.8  37.3  42.8  23.0  6.0  61.1  —  324.3 
Total Commercial and Institutional 1,491.5  1,170.9  596.0  544.2  553.6  622.1  5,042.2  37.8  10,058.3 
Commercial Real Estate
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 406.3  109.2  27.6  36.5  11.8  99.4  124.3  8.7  823.8 
4 to 5 Category 703.1  811.8  332.7  107.4  184.5  382.8  60.4  11.4  2,594.1 
6 to 9 Category 15.3  55.2  32.0  25.8  —  12.2  —  —  140.5 
Total Commercial Real Estate 1,124.7  976.2  392.3  169.7  196.3  494.4  184.7  20.1  3,558.4 
Non-U.S.
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 555.2  16.8  —  11.1  —  —  78.5  —  661.6 
4 to 5 Category 313.1  0.7  2.0  —  —  157.9  39.2  1.8  514.7 
6 to 9 Category —  23.1  —  —  —  —  146.3  —  169.4 
Total Non-U.S. 868.3  40.6  2.0  11.1  —  157.9  264.0  1.8  1,345.7 
Lease Financing, net
Risk Rating:
4 to 5 Category —  —  —  —  —  11.4  —  —  11.4 
Total Lease Financing, net —  —  —  —  —  11.4  —  —  11.4 
Other
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 81.7  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  81.7 
4 to 5 Category 206.5  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  206.5 
Total Other 288.2  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  288.2 
Total Commercial 3,772.7  2,187.7  990.3  725.0  749.9  1,285.8  5,490.9  59.7  15,262.0 
Personal
Private Client
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 668.6  273.7  51.7  60.4  10.2  136.1  5,392.8  47.9  6,641.4 
4 to 5 Category 492.1  479.9  117.3  60.4  77.5  77.5  3,564.7  207.3  5,076.7 
6 to 9 Category 6.0  0.5  22.1  3.2  —  —  63.7  1.5  97.0 
Total Private Client 1,166.7  754.1  191.1  124.0  87.7  213.6  9,021.2  256.7  11,815.1 
Residential Real Estate
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 1,554.3  317.4  42.9  109.9  205.1  627.8  152.8  1.7  3,011.9 
4 to 5 Category 854.6  359.5  115.8  163.2  209.7  896.5  273.1  7.4  2,879.8 
6 to 9 Category 15.3  8.3  0.7  0.5  1.9  94.8  22.5  —  144.0 
Total Residential Real Estate 2,424.2  685.2  159.4  273.6  416.7  1,619.1  448.4  9.1  6,035.7 
Non-U.S.
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 23.3  14.9  —  —  —  1.8  275.6  —  315.6 
4 to 5 Category 12.7  26.0  11.8  0.5  0.5  7.9  217.5  5.1  282.0 
6 to 9 Category —  —  —  —  —  0.3  —  —  0.3 
Total Non-U.S. 36.0  40.9  11.8  0.5  0.5  10.0  493.1  5.1  597.9 
Other
Risk Rating:
1 to 3 Category 34.6  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  34.6 
4 to 5 Category 14.4  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  14.4 
Total Other 49.0  —  —  —  —  —  —  —  49.0 
Total Personal 3,675.9  1,480.2  362.3  398.1  504.9  1,842.7  9,962.7  270.9  18,497.7 
Total Loans and Leases $ 7,448.6  $ 3,667.9  $ 1,352.6  $ 1,123.1  $ 1,254.8  $ 3,128.5  $ 15,453.6  $ 330.6  $ 33,759.7 

Loans and leases in the “1 to 3” category are expected to exhibit minimal to modest probabilities of default and are characterized by borrowers having the strongest financial qualities, including above average financial flexibility, cash flows and capital levels. Borrowers assigned these ratings are anticipated to experience very little to moderate financial pressure in
55

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
adverse down-cycle scenarios. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers within this category exhibit a minimal to modest likelihood of loss.
Loans and leases in the “4 to 5” category are expected to exhibit moderate to acceptable probabilities of default and are characterized by borrowers with less financial flexibility than those in the “1 to 3” category. Cash flows and capital levels are generally sufficient to allow for borrowers to meet current requirements, but have fewer financial resources to manage through economic downturns. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers within this category exhibit a moderate likelihood of loss.
Loans and leases in the watch list category have elevated credit risk profiles that are monitored through internal watch lists, and consist of credits with borrower ratings of “6 to 9.” These credits, which include all nonaccrual credits, are expected to exhibit minimally acceptable probabilities of default, elevated risk of default, or are currently in default. Borrowers associated with these risk profiles that are not currently in default have limited financial flexibility. Cash flows and capital levels range from acceptable to potentially insufficient to meet current requirements, particularly in adverse down cycle scenarios. As a result of these characteristics, borrowers in this category exhibit an elevated to probable likelihood of loss.
Past Due Status. Past due status is based on the length of time from the contractual due date a principal or interest payment has been past due. For disclosure purposes, loans and leases that are 29 days past due or less are reported as current.
The following table provides balances and delinquency status of accrual and nonaccrual loans and leases by segment and class, as well as the other real estate owned and nonaccrual asset balances, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 48: DELINQUENCY STATUS
ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL WITH NO ALLOWANCE
(In Millions) CURRENT 30 – 59 DAYS
PAST DUE
60 – 89 DAYS
PAST DUE
90 DAYS
OR MORE
PAST DUE
TOTAL ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL TOTAL LOANS
AND LEASES
September 30, 2021
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional $ 11,155.4  $ 52.6  $ 0.5  $ 0.3  $ 11,208.8  $ 19.6  $ 11,228.4  $ 8.8 
Commercial Real Estate 4,254.8  2.1    1.2  4,258.1  75.7  4,333.8  61.2 
Non-U.S. 2,522.9        2,522.9    2,522.9   
Lease Financing, net 11.0        11.0    11.0   
Other 349.8        349.8    349.8   
Total Commercial 18,293.9  54.7  0.5  1.5  18,350.6  95.3  18,445.9  70.0 
Personal
Private Client 14,463.5  118.5  19.9  11.7  14,613.6  0.2  14,613.8  0.2 
Residential Real Estate 5,810.1    1.4    5,811.5  45.5  5,857.0  45.5 
Non-U.S. 371.5        371.5    371.5   
Other 168.4        168.4    168.4   
Total Personal 20,813.5  118.5  21.3  11.7  20,965.0  45.7  21,010.7  45.7 
Total Loans and Leases $ 39,107.4  $ 173.2  $ 21.8  $ 13.2  $ 39,315.6  $ 141.0  $ 39,456.6  $ 115.7 
Other Real Estate Owned $ 0.2 
Total Nonaccrual Assets $ 141.2 
56

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL WITH NO ALLOWANCE
(In Millions) CURRENT 30 – 59 DAYS
PAST DUE
60 – 89 DAYS
PAST DUE
90 DAYS
OR MORE
PAST DUE
TOTAL ACCRUAL NONACCRUAL TOTAL LOANS
AND LEASES
December 31, 2020
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional $ 9,877.0  $ 153.7  $ 1.2  $ —  $ 10,031.9  $ 26.4  $ 10,058.3  $ 9.1 
Commercial Real Estate 3,516.2  2.0  —  —  3,518.2  40.2  3,558.4  32.3 
Non-U.S. 1,345.7  —  —  —  1,345.7  —  1,345.7  — 
Lease Financing, net 11.4  —  —  —  11.4  —  11.4  — 
Other 288.2  —  —  —  288.2  —  288.2  — 
Total Commercial 15,038.5  155.7  1.2  —  15,195.4  66.6  15,262.0  41.4 
Personal
Private Client 11,765.4  29.1  9.9  7.8  11,812.2  2.9  11,815.1  2.9 
Residential Real Estate 5,946.0  23.5  2.9  1.1  5,973.5  62.2  6,035.7  53.8 
Non-U.S 596.7  1.2  —  —  597.9  —  597.9  — 
Other 49.0  —  —  —  49.0  —  49.0  — 
Total Personal 18,357.1  53.8  12.8  8.9  18,432.6  65.1  18,497.7  56.7 
Total Loans and Leases $ 33,395.6  $ 209.5  $ 14.0  $ 8.9  $ 33,628.0  $ 131.7  $ 33,759.7  $ 98.1 
Other Real Estate Owned $ 0.7 
Total Nonaccrual Assets $ 132.4 
Interest income that would have been recorded for nonaccrual loans and leases in accordance with their original terms was $1.5 million and $3.2 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $1.1 million and $3.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, respectively.
Collateral Dependent Financial Assets. A financial asset is collateral-dependent when the borrower is experiencing financial difficulty and repayment is expected to be provided substantially through the sale or operation of the collateral. Most of Northern Trust’s collateral dependent credit exposure relates to its residential real estate portfolio for which the collateral is usually the underlying real estate property. For collateral dependent financial assets, it is Northern Trust’s policy to reserve or charge-off the difference between the amortized cost basis of the loan and the value of the collateral. The collateral dependent financial asset balance as of September 30, 2021 was immaterial to Northern Trust’s financial statements.
Recognition of Income. Interest income on loans and leases is recorded on an accrual basis unless, in the opinion of management, there is a question as to the ability of the debtor to meet the terms of the loan agreement, or interest or principal is more than 90 days contractually past due and the loan is not well-secured and in the process of collection. Loans meeting such criteria are classified as nonaccrual and interest income is recorded on a cash basis. At the time a loan is determined to be nonaccrual, interest accrued but not collected is reversed against interest income in the current period. Interest collected on nonaccrual loans is applied to principal unless, in the opinion of management, collectability of principal is not in doubt. Management’s assessment of the indicators of loan and lease collectability, and its policies relative to the recognition of interest income, including the suspension and subsequent resumption of income recognition, do not meaningfully vary between loan and lease classes. Nonaccrual loans are returned to accrual status when factors indicating doubtful collectability no longer exist. Factors considered in returning a loan to accrual status are consistent across all classes of loans and leases and, in accordance with regulatory guidance, relate primarily to expected payment performance. Loans are eligible to be returned to accrual status when: (i) no principal or interest that is due is unpaid and repayment of the remaining contractual principal and interest is expected or (ii) the loan has otherwise become well-secured (possessing realizable value sufficient to discharge the debt, including accrued interest, in full) and is in the process of collection (through action reasonably expected to result in debt repayment or restoration to a current status in the near future). A loan that has not been brought fully current may be restored to accrual status provided there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally a minimum of six payment periods) by the borrower in accordance with the contractual terms, and Northern Trust is reasonably assured of repayment within a reasonable period of time. Additionally, a loan that has been formally restructured so as to be reasonably assured of repayment and performance according to its modified terms may be returned to accrual status, provided there was a well-documented credit evaluation of the borrower’s financial condition and prospects of repayment under the revised terms and there has been a sustained period of repayment performance (generally a minimum of six payment periods) under the revised terms.
Nonaccrual Loans and Troubled Debt Restructurings (TDRs). A loan that has been modified as a concession by Northern Trust or a bankruptcy court resulting from the debtor’s financial difficulties is referred to as a troubled debt restructuring
57

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
(TDR). All TDRs are reported starting in the calendar year of their restructuring. In subsequent years, a TDR may cease being reported if the loan was modified at a market rate and has performed according to the modified terms for at least six payment periods. A loan that has been modified at a below market rate will return to accrual status if it satisfies the six-payment-period performance requirement.
The expected credit loss is measured based upon the present value of expected future cash flows, discounted at the effective interest rate based on the original contractual rate. If a loan’s contractual interest rate varies based on subsequent changes in an independent factor, such as an index or rate, the loan’s effective interest rate is calculated based on the factor as it changes over the life of the loan. Northern Trust elected not to project changes in the factor for purposes of estimating expected future cash flows. Further, Northern Trust elected not to adjust the effective interest rate for prepayments. If the loan is collateral dependent, the expected loss is measured based on the fair value of the collateral at the reporting date.
If the loan valuation is less than the recorded value of the loan, either an allowance is established or a charge-off is recorded for the difference. Smaller balance (individually less than $1 million) homogeneous loans are collectively evaluated. Northern Trust’s accounting policies for material nonaccrual loans is consistent across all classes of loans and leases.
All loans and leases with TDR modifications are evaluated for additional expected credit losses. The nature and extent of further deterioration in credit quality, including a subsequent default, is considered in the determination of an appropriate level of allowance for credit losses.
Included within nonaccrual loans were $73.5 million and $38.9 million of nonaccrual TDRs, and $23.3 million and $29.3 million of accrual TDRs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
There were $0.2 million and $10.4 million of aggregate undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively, issued to borrowers with TDR modifications of loans.
The following table provides, by segment and class, the number of TDR modifications of loans and leases during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and the recorded investments and unpaid principal balances as of September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 49: TROUBLED DEBT RESTRUCTURINGS
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) NUMBER OF
LOANS AND
LEASES
RECORDED
INVESTMENT
UNPAID
PRINCIPAL
BALANCE
NUMBER OF
LOANS AND
LEASES
RECORDED
INVESTMENT
UNPAID
PRINCIPAL
BALANCE
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional   $   $   6  $ 19.6  $ 19.6 
Commercial Real Estate       2  28.3  34.5 
Total Commercial       8  47.9  54.1 
Personal
Residential Real Estate 1  0.2  0.2  8  1.0  1.2 
Total Personal 1  0.2  0.2  8  1.0  1.2 
Total Loans and Leases 1  $ 0.2  $ 0.2  16  $ 48.9  $ 55.3 
Note: Period-end balances reflect all paydowns and charge-offs during the period.
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020 NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
($ In Millions) NUMBER OF
LOANS AND
LEASES
RECORDED
INVESTMENT
UNPAID
PRINCIPAL
BALANCE
NUMBER OF
LOANS AND
LEASES
RECORDED
INVESTMENT
UNPAID
PRINCIPAL
BALANCE
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional $ 1.0  $ 1.0  $ 25.3  $ 25.5 
Total Commercial 1.0  1.0  25.3  25.5 
Personal
Residential Real Estate 10  17.4  17.5  16  18.3  18.7 
Total Personal 10  17.4  17.5  16  18.3  18.7 
Total Loans and Leases 11  $ 18.4  $ 18.5  19  $ 43.6  $ 44.2 
Note: Period-end balances reflect all paydowns and charge-offs during the period.
TDR modifications involve extensions of term, deferrals of principal, interest rate concessions, and other modifications. Other modifications typically reflect other nonstandard terms which Northern Trust would not offer in non-troubled situations.
During the three months ended September 30, 2021, the TDR loan modification within residential real estate was an extension of term. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the TDR modification of loans within residential real estate were
58

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
other modifications, deferred principal and extension of term. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the TDR modification of loans within commercial and institutional was deferred principal. During the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the TDR modification of loans within commercial real estate were deferred principal, interest rate concessions, and extension of term.
During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the TDR modifications of loans within residential real estate were extensions of term, other modifications, deferred principal, and interest rate concessions. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020, the TDR modifications within commercial and institutional were other modifications and extension of term.
There was one residential real estate loan TDR modification during the twelve months ended June 30, 2021, which subsequently had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021. The total recorded investment for this loan was approximately $0.1 million and the unpaid principal balance for this loan was approximately $0.1 million.
There were no residential real estate loan TDR modifications during the twelve months ended June 30, 2020, which subsequently had a payment default during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Northern Trust may obtain physical possession of real estate via foreclosure on an in-substance repossession. As of September 30, 2021, Northern Trust held foreclosed real estate properties with a carrying value of $0.2 million as a result of obtaining physical possession. In addition, as of September 30, 2021, Northern Trust had loans with a carrying value of $5.7 million for which formal foreclosure proceedings were in process.
TDR Relief — COVID-19. Due to the economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, there have been two forms of relief provided for classifying loans as TDRs: the Interagency Guidance (as defined below) and the CARES Act.
Various banking regulators, including the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the National Credit Union Administration, the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency, and the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau, issued guidance in the April 7, 2020 Interagency Statement on Loan Modifications and Reporting for Financial Institutions Working with Customers Affected by the Coronavirus (revised) on loan modification treatment (Interagency Guidance) pursuant to which financial institutions can apply ASC 310-40 Receivables – Troubled Debt Restructurings by Creditors. In accordance with the Interagency Guidance, a loan modification is not considered a TDR if the modification is related to COVID-19; the borrower had been current (not more than 29 days past due) when the modification program was implemented; and the modification includes payment deferrals for not more than 6 months.
Under section 4013 of the CARES Act, relief provided to lenders exempting certain loan modifications which would otherwise be classified as TDRs from such classification applies for loans that were not more than 30 days past due as of December 31, 2019. The TDR relief under the CARES Act applies to COVID-19-related modifications that were made from March 1, 2020 until the earlier of (a) January 1, 2022 or (b) 60 days from the date the COVID-19 national emergency officially ends.
Financial institutions may account for eligible loan modifications under the Interagency Guidance and/or the CARES Act. Northern Trust elected to apply both the CARES Act and the Interagency Guidance, as applicable, in providing borrowers with loan modification relief in response to the COVID-19 pandemic. All other types of modifications which do not meet the CARES Act or Interagency Guidance requirements continue to be governed by existing regulations and accounting policies.
The following tables provide, by segment and class, the number of total COVID-19-related loan modifications including the loan volume and deferred principal and interest balances as of September 30, 2021, for which Northern Trust applied an exemption from TDR classification that are in active deferral (loans currently in the deferral period) or completed deferral (loans that returned to their regular payment schedule).
TABLE 50: COVID-19 LOAN MODIFICATIONS NOT CONSIDERED TDRS IN ACTIVE DEFERRAL STATUS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) NUMBER OF COVID-19 RELATED MODIFICATIONS LOAN VOLUME DEFERRED PRINCIPAL AMOUNT DEFERRED INTEREST AMOUNT
Personal
Residential Real Estate 14  $ 3.2  $ 0.1  $ 0.1 
Total Personal 14  $ 3.2  $ 0.1  $ 0.1 
Total Loans 14  $ 3.2  $ 0.1  $ 0.1 



59

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 51: COVID-19 LOAN MODIFICATIONS NOT CONSIDERED TDRS THAT HAVE COMPLETED DEFERRAL
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
($ In Millions) NUMBER OF COVID-19 RELATED MODIFICATIONS LOAN VOLUME DEFERRED PRINCIPAL AMOUNT DEFERRED INTEREST AMOUNT
Commercial
Commercial and Institutional 79  $ 211.6  $   $ 1.7 
Commercial Real Estate 83  396.3    2.3 
Total Commercial 162  $ 607.9  $   $ 4.0 
Personal
Private Client 30  $ 150.7  $   $ 1.0 
Residential Real Estate 363  125.3  1.4  1.7 
Total Personal 393  $ 276.0  $ 1.4  $ 2.7 
Total Loans 555  $ 883.9  $ 1.4  $ 6.7 

Northern Trust continues to accrue and recognize interest income during the loan deferral period, and hence has not moved these loans to nonaccrual or reported them as past due. Further, these loan balances continue to be assessed on a collective basis for purposes of measuring an allowance for expected credit losses. While these loans are under the COVID-19 loan modification program, this may delay the recognition of nonaccruals and charge-offs. Loans which have exited the COVID-19 loan modification program may be placed on nonaccrual status or charged-off if borrowers were unable to resume their regular payment schedule.
During the quarter ended September 30, 2021, 33 loans with an aggregate principal amount of $80.9 million that had been granted payment deferrals were paid off. As of September 30, 2021, less than 10% of loans that had been granted payment deferrals were either past due or in nonaccrual status.
Note 7 – Allowance for Credit Losses
Allowance and Provision for Credit Losses. The allowance for credit losses—which represents management’s best estimate of lifetime expected credit losses related to various portfolios subject to credit risk, off-balance-sheet credit exposures, and specific borrower relationships—is determined by management through a disciplined credit review process. Northern Trust measures expected credit losses of financial assets with similar risk characteristics on a collective basis. A financial asset is measured individually if it does not share similar risk characteristics with other financial assets and the related allowance is determined through an individual evaluation.
Management’s estimates utilized in establishing an appropriate level of allowance for credit losses are not dependent on any single assumption. In determining an appropriate allowance level, management evaluates numerous variables, many of which are interrelated or dependent on other assumptions and estimates, and takes into consideration past events, current conditions and reasonable and supportable forecasts.
The results of the credit reserve estimation methodology are reviewed quarterly by Northern Trust’s Credit Loss Reserve Committee, which receives input from Credit Risk Management, Treasury, Corporate Finance, the Economic Research group, and each of Northern Trust’s business units. The Credit Loss Reserve Committee determines the probability weights applied to each forecast approved by Northern Trust’s Macroeconomic Scenario Development Committee, and also reviews and approves qualitative adjustments to the collective allowance in line with Northern Trust’s qualitative adjustment framework.
The following table provides information regarding changes in the total allowance for credit losses during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 52: CHANGES IN THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 148.8  $ 46.5  $ 10.5  $ 1.2  $ 207.0 
Charge-Offs          
Recoveries 1.1        1.1 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 1.1        1.1 
Provision for Credit Losses (6.0) (6.7) (0.1) (0.2) (13.0)
Balance at End of Period $ 143.9  $ 39.8  $ 10.4  $ 1.0  $ 195.1 
60

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 190.7  $ 61.1  $ 7.3  $ 0.8  $ 259.9 
Charge-Offs (0.4)       (0.4)
Recoveries 5.6        5.6 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 5.2        5.2 
Provision for Credit Losses (52.0) (21.3) 3.1  0.2  (70.0)
Balance at End of Period $ 143.9  $ 39.8  $ 10.4  $ 1.0  $ 195.1 


THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions) LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 210.2  $ 49.0  $ 6.5  $ 1.3  $ 267.0 
Charge-Offs (0.8) —  —  —  (0.8)
Recoveries 1.2  —  —  —  1.2 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 0.4  —  —  —  0.4 
Provision for Credit Losses 4.8  (4.1) 0.4  (0.6) 0.5 
Balance at End of Period $ 215.4  $ 44.9  $ 6.9  $ 0.7  $ 267.9 

NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions) LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES OTHER FINANCIAL ASSETS TOTAL
Balance at End of Prior Period $ 104.5  $ 19.9  $ —  $ —  $ 124.4 
Cumulative Effect Adjustment (2.2) 8.9  6.6  0.4  13.7 
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 102.3  $ 28.8  $ 6.6  $ 0.4  $ 138.1 
Charge-Offs (3.0) —  —  —  (3.0)
Recoveries 5.3  —  —  —  5.3 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 2.3  —  —  —  2.3 
Provision for Credit Losses 110.8  16.1  0.3  0.3  127.5 
Balance at End of Period $ 215.4  $ 44.9  $ 6.9  $ 0.7  $ 267.9 
The portion of the allowance assigned to loans and leases, HTM debt securities, and other financial assets is presented as a contra asset in Allowance for Credit Losses on the consolidated balance sheets. The portion of the allowance assigned to undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit is reported in Other Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. For credit exposure and the associated allowance related to fee receivables, please refer to Note 14 — Revenue from Contracts with Clients. For information related to the allowance for AFS debt securities, please refer to Note 4 — Securities. For all other financial assets recognized at amortized cost, which include Cash and Due from Banks, Other Central Bank Deposits, Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks, Federal Funds Sold, and Other Assets, please refer to the Allowance for Other Financial Assets section within this footnote.
The Provision for Credit Losses on the consolidated statements of income represents the change in the Allowance for Credit Losses on the consolidated balance sheets and is the charge to current period earnings. It represents the amount needed to maintain the Allowance for Credit Losses on the consolidated balance sheets at an appropriate level to absorb lifetime expected credit losses related to financial assets in scope. Actual losses may vary from current estimates and the amount of the Provision for Credit Losses may be either greater or less than actual net charge-offs.
There was a $13.0 million release of credit reserves in the current quarter, as compared to a $0.5 million provision in the prior-year quarter. There were net recoveries of $1.1 million during the three months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to net recoveries of $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020. The release of credit reserves in the current quarter mostly related to undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit and loans and leases. For further detail, please see the Allowance for the Loan and Lease Portfolio section below.
There was a $70.0 million release of credit reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to a $127.5 million provision for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. There were net recoveries of $5.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, as compared to net recoveries of $2.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The
61

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
release of credit reserves for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 mostly related to loans and leases. For further detail, please see the Allowance for the Loan and Lease Portfolio section below.
Forecasting and Reversion. Estimating expected lifetime credit losses requires the consideration of the effect of future economic conditions. Northern Trust employs multiple scenarios over a reasonable and supportable period (currently two years) to project future conditions. Management determines the probability weights assigned to each scenario at each quarter-end. Key variables determined to be relevant for projecting credit losses on the portfolios in scope include macroeconomic factors, such as corporate profits, unemployment, and real estate price indices, as well as financial market factors such as equity prices, volatility, and credit spreads. For periods beyond the reasonable and supportable period, Northern Trust reverts to its own historical loss experiences on a straight-line basis over four quarters. For the current quarter, the primary forecast, consistent with Northern Trust’s economic outlook publications, assumes continued economic recovery from the challenges of COVID-19, with steady growth and a falling unemployment rate over the forecast horizon. An alternative scenario is also considered, which contemplates a resurgence of the virus, causing a double-dip recession.
Contractual Term. Northern Trust estimates expected credit losses over the contractual term of the financial assets adjusted for prepayments, unless prepayments are not relevant to specific portfolios or sub-portfolios. Extension and renewal options are typically not considered since it is not Northern Trust’s practice to enter into arrangements where the borrower has the unconditional option to renew, or a conditional extension option whereby the conditions are beyond Northern Trust’s control.
Allowance for the Loan and Lease Portfolio. The following table provides information regarding changes in the total allowance for credit losses, including undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit, by segment during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 53: CHANGES IN THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES RELATED TO LOANS AND LEASES
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT
(In Millions) COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 118.0  $ 30.8  $ 148.8  $ 43.6  $ 2.9  $ 46.5 
Charge-Offs            
Recoveries 0.4  0.7  1.1       
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 0.4  0.7  1.1       
Provision for Credit Losses (2.7) (3.3) (6.0) (6.4) (0.3) (6.7)
Balance at End of Period $ 115.7  $ 28.2  $ 143.9  $ 37.2  $ 2.6  $ 39.8 
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT
(In Millions) COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 142.2  $ 48.5  $ 190.7  $ 57.6  $ 3.5  $ 61.1 
Charge-Offs   (0.4) (0.4)      
Recoveries 0.9  4.7  5.6       
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 0.9  4.3  5.2       
Provision for Credit Losses (27.4) (24.6) (52.0) (20.4) (0.9) (21.3)
Balance at End of Period $ 115.7  $ 28.2  $ 143.9  $ 37.2  $ 2.6  $ 39.8 
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT
(In Millions) COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 162.8  $ 47.4  $ 210.2  $ 46.1  $ 2.9  $ 49.0 
Charge-Offs —  (0.8) (0.8) —  —  — 
Recoveries 0.2  1.0  1.2  —  —  — 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 0.2  0.2  0.4  —  —  — 
Provision for Credit Losses (15.4) 20.2  4.8  (6.0) 1.9  (4.1)
Balance at End of Period $ 147.6  $ 67.8  $ 215.4  $ 40.1  $ 4.8  $ 44.9 
62

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
LOANS AND LEASES UNDRAWN LOAN COMMITMENTS AND STANDBY LETTERS OF CREDIT
(In Millions) COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL
Balance at End of Prior Period $ 58.1  $ 46.4  $ 104.5  $ 15.8  $ 4.1  $ 19.9 
Cumulative Effect Adjustment (5.9) 3.7  (2.2) 11.9  (3.0) 8.9 
Balance at Beginning of Period 52.2  50.1  102.3  27.7  1.1  28.8 
Charge-Offs (0.1) (2.9) (3.0) —  —  — 
Recoveries 2.2  3.1  5.3  —  —  — 
Net Recoveries (Charge-Offs) 2.1  0.2  2.3  —  —  — 
Provision for Credit Losses 93.3  17.5  110.8  12.4  3.7  16.1 
Balance at End of Period $ 147.6  $ 67.8  $ 215.4  $ 40.1  $ 4.8  $ 44.9 
The decrease to the allowance for both loans and leases and undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 was primarily due to a decrease in the reserve evaluated on a collective basis, which relates to pooled financial assets sharing similar risk characteristics. The decrease in the collective basis reserve was driven by continued improvements in projected economic conditions and portfolio credit quality, partially offset by portfolio growth. Decreases in the collective basis reserve were primarily in the commercial and institutional portfolio.
Allowance Related to Credit Exposure Evaluated on a Collective Basis. Expected credit losses are measured on a collective basis as long as the financial assets included in the respective pool share similar risk characteristics. If financial assets are deemed to not share similar risk characteristics, an individual assessment is warranted.
The allowance estimation methodology for the collective assessment is primarily based on internally developed loss data specific to the Northern Trust financial asset portfolio from a historical observation period that includes both expansionary and recessionary periods. The estimation methodology and the related qualitative adjustment framework segregate the loan and lease portfolio into homogenous segments based on similar risk characteristics or risk monitoring methods.
Northern Trust utilizes a quantitative probability of default/loss given default approach for the calculation of its credit allowance on a collective basis. For each of the different parameters, specific credit models for the individual loan segments were developed. For each segment, the probability of default and the loss given default are applied to the exposure at default for each projected quarter to determine the quantitative component of the allowance. The quantitative allowance is then reviewed within the qualitative adjustment framework, through which management applies judgment by assessing internal risk factors, potential limitations in the quantitative methodology, and environmental factors that are not fully contemplated in the forecast to compute an adjustment to the quantitative allowance for each segment of the loan portfolio.
Allowance Related to Credit Exposure Evaluated on an Individual Basis. The allowance is determined through an individual evaluation of loans, leases, and lending-related commitments that have defaulted, generally those with Borrower Ratings of 8 and 9, that is based on expected future cash flows, the value of collateral, and other factors that may impact the borrower’s ability to pay. For defaulted loans for which the amount of allowance, if any, is determined based on the value of the underlying real estate collateral, third-party appraisals are typically obtained and utilized by management. These appraisals are generally less than twelve months old and are subject to adjustments to reflect management’s judgment as to the realizable value of the collateral.
The following table provides information regarding the recorded investments in loans and leases and the allowance for credit losses for loans and leases and undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit by segment as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 54: RECORDED INVESTMENTS IN LOANS AND LEASES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL COMMERCIAL PERSONAL TOTAL
Loans and Leases
Evaluated on an Individual Basis $ 116.8  $ 76.1  $ 192.9  $ 66.6  $ 65.1  $ 131.7 
Evaluated on a Collective Basis 18,329.1  20,934.6  39,263.7  15,195.4  18,432.6  33,628.0 
Total Loans and Leases 18,445.9  21,010.7  39,456.6  15,262.0  18,497.7  33,759.7 
Allowance for Credit Losses on Credit Exposures
Evaluated on an Individual Basis 10.6    10.6  8.8  0.3  9.1 
Evaluated on a Collective Basis 105.1  28.2  133.3  133.4  48.2  181.6 
Allowance Assigned to Loans and Leases 115.7  28.2  143.9  142.2  48.5  190.7 
Allowance for Undrawn Loan Commitments and Standby Letters of Credit
Evaluated on an Individual Basis       1.6  —  1.6 
Evaluated on a Collective Basis 37.2  2.6  39.8  56.0  3.5  59.5 
Allowance Assigned to Undrawn Loan Commitments and Standby Letters of Credit 37.2  2.6  39.8  57.6  3.5  61.1 
Total Allowance Assigned to Loans and Leases and Undrawn Loan Commitments and Standby Letters of Credit $ 152.9  $ 30.8  $ 183.7  $ 199.8  $ 52.0  $ 251.8 
Northern Trust analyzes its exposure to credit losses from both on-balance-sheet and off-balance-sheet activity using a consistent methodology for the quantitative framework as well as the qualitative framework. For purposes of estimating the allowance for credit losses for undrawn loan commitments and standby letters of credit, the exposure at default includes an estimated drawdown of unused credit based on credit utilization factors, resulting in a proportionate amount of expected credit losses.
Allowance for Held to Maturity Debt Securities Portfolio. The following table provides information regarding changes in the total allowance for credit losses for HTM debt securities during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 55: CHANGES IN THE ALLOWANCE FOR CREDIT LOSSES RELATED TO HELD TO MATURITY DEBT SECURITIES
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) CORPORATE DEBT NON-U.S. GOVERNMENT SUB-SOVEREIGN, SUPRANATIONAL, AND NON-U.S. AGENCY BONDS CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS COVERED BONDS OTHER TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 1.6  $ 1.5  $ 2.6  $   $ 0.1  $ 4.7  $ 10.5 
Provision for Credit Losses (0.2) (0.1) 0.2        (0.1)
Balance at End of Period $ 1.4  $ 1.4  $ 2.8  $   $ 0.1  $ 4.7  $ 10.4 
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) CORPORATE DEBT NON-U.S. GOVERNMENT SUB-SOVEREIGN, SUPRANATIONAL, AND NON-U.S. AGENCY BONDS CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS COVERED BONDS OTHER TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 0.8  $ 0.2  $ 1.2  $   $ 0.1  $ 5.0  $ 7.3 
Provision for Credit Losses 0.6  1.2  1.6      (0.3) 3.1 
Balance at End of Period $ 1.4  $ 1.4  $ 2.8  $   $ 0.1  $ 4.7  $ 10.4 
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions) CORPORATE DEBT NON-U.S. GOVERNMENT SUB-SOVEREIGN, SUPRANATIONAL, AND NON-U.S. AGENCY BONDS CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS COVERED BONDS OTHER TOTAL
Balance at Beginning of Period $ 0.5  $ 0.4  $ 0.7  $ —  $ —  $ 4.9  $ 6.5 
Provision for Credit Losses 0.2  —  (0.1) 0.2  0.1  —  0.4 
Balance at End of Period $ 0.7  $ 0.4  $ 0.6  $ 0.2  $ 0.1  $ 4.9  $ 6.9 
64

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions) CORPORATE DEBT NON-U.S. GOVERNMENT SUB-SOVEREIGN, SUPRANATIONAL, AND NON-U.S. AGENCY BONDS CERTIFICATE OF DEPOSITS COVERED BONDS OTHER TOTAL
Balance at End of Prior Period $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ —  $ — 
Cumulative Effect Adjustment 0.8  0.3  0.9  —  —  4.6  6.6 
Balance at Beginning of Period 0.8  0.3  0.9  —  —  4.6  6.6 
Provision for Credit Losses (0.1) 0.1  (0.3) 0.2  0.1  0.3  0.3 
Balance at End of Period $ 0.7  $ 0.4  $ 0.6  $ 0.2  $ 0.1  $ 4.9  $ 6.9 
HTM debt securities classified as U.S. government, government sponsored agency, and certain securities classified as obligations of states and political subdivisions are considered to be guarantees of the U.S. government or an agency of the U.S. government and therefore an allowance for credit losses is not estimated for such investments as the expected probability of non-payment of the amortized cost basis is zero.
HTM debt securities classified as other asset-backed represent pools of underlying receivables from which the cash flows are used to pay the bonds that vary in seniority. Utilizing a qualitative estimation approach, the allowance for other asset-backed securities is assessed by evaluating underlying pool performance based on delinquency rates and available credit support.
HTM debt securities classified as other relates to investments purchased by Northern Trust to fulfill its obligations under the Community Reinvestment Act (CRA). Northern Trust fulfills its obligations under the CRA by making qualified investments for purposes of supporting institutions and programs that benefit low-to-moderate income communities within Northern Trust’s market area. The allowance for CRA investments is assessed using a qualitative estimation approach primarily based on internal historical performance experience and default history of the underlying CRA portfolios to determine a quantitative component of the allowance.
The allowance estimation methodology for all other HTM debt securities is developed using a combination of external and internal data. The estimation methodology groups securities with shared characteristics for which the probability of default and the loss given default are applied to the total exposure at default to determine a quantitative component of the allowance.
Allowance for Other Financial Assets. The allowance for Other Financial Assets consists of the allowance for Due from Banks, Other Central Bank Deposits, Interest Bearing Deposits with Banks, and Other Assets. The Other Assets category includes other miscellaneous credit exposures reported in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. The allowance estimation methodology for Other Financial Assets primarily utilizes a similar approach as used for the HTM debt securities portfolio. It consists of a combination of externally and internally developed loss data, adjusted for the appropriate contractual term. Northern Trust’s portfolio of Other Financial Assets is composed mostly of institutions within the “1 to 3” internal borrower rating category and is expected to exhibit minimal to modest likelihood of loss. The allowance for credit losses related to Other Financial Assets was $1.0 million and $0.8 million as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Accrued Interest. Accrued interest balances are reported within Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Northern Trust elected not to measure an allowance for credit losses for accrued interest receivables related to its loan and securities portfolio as its policy is to write-off uncollectible accrued interest receivable balances in a timely manner. Accrued interest is written off by reversing interest income during the quarter the financial asset is moved from an accrual to a nonaccrual status.
The following table provides the amount of accrued interest excluded from the amortized cost basis of the following portfolios.
TABLE 56: ACCRUED INTEREST
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Loans and Leases $ 61.7  $ 55.3 
Debt Securities
Held to Maturity 43.2  26.5 
Available for Sale 124.1  153.6 
Other Financial Assets 1.3  1.4 
Total $ 230.3  $ 236.8 
The amount of accrued interest reversed through interest income for loans and leases was immaterial for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, and there was no accrued interest reversed through interest income related to any other financial assets for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 8 – Pledged and Restricted Assets
Certain of Northern Trust’s subsidiaries, as required or permitted by law, pledge assets to secure public and trust deposits, repurchase agreements and borrowings, as well as for other purposes, including support for securities settlement, primarily related to client activities, and for derivative contracts.
The following table presents Northern Trust's pledged assets.
TABLE 57: TYPE OF PLEDGED ASSETS
(In Billions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Securities
   Obligations of States and Political Subdivisions $ 3.6  $ 2.9 
   Government Sponsored Agency and Other Securities 35.5  32.5 
Loans 15.7  12.1 
Total Pledged Assets $ 54.8  $ 47.5 
Collateral required for these purposes totaled $7.5 billion and $5.7 billion at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
The following table presents the AFS debt securities pledged as collateral that are included in pledged assets.
TABLE 58: FAIR VALUE OF AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES INCLUDED IN PLEDGED ASSETS
SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE DERIVATIVE CONTRACTS
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020 SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Debt Securities
   Available for Sale $ 588.5  $ 33.0  $ 18.3  $ 27.1 
The secured parties to these transactions have the right to repledge or sell the securities as it relates to $589.0 million and $33.5 million of the pledged collateral as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
Northern Trust accepts financial assets as collateral that it may, in some instances, be permitted to repledge or sell. The collateral is generally obtained under certain reverse repurchase agreements and derivative contracts.

The following table presents the fair value of securities accepted as collateral.
TABLE 59: ACCEPTED COLLATERAL
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Collateral that may be repledged or sold
   Reverse repurchase agreements (1)
$ 522.1  $ 1,179.8 
   Derivative contracts 2.8  0.9 
Collateral that may not be repledged or sold
Reverse repurchase agreements 850.0  500.0 
(1) The fair value of securities collateral that was repledged or sold totaled $415.6 million at September 30, 2021. There was no repledged or sold collateral as of December 31, 2020.
As a result of the economic environment arising from the COVID-19 pandemic, the Federal Reserve reduced the reserve requirement to zero percent on March 26, 2020. Deposits maintained to meet Federal Reserve Bank reserve requirements averaged $0.5 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2020.

66

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 9 – Goodwill and Other Intangibles
Goodwill. Changes by reporting segment in the carrying amount of Goodwill for the nine months ended September 30, 2021, including the effect of foreign exchange rates on non-U.S. dollar denominated balances, were as follows.
TABLE 60: GOODWILL
(In Millions) CORPORATE & INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES WEALTH MANAGEMENT TOTAL
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 636.0  $ 71.2  $ 707.2 
Goodwill Acquired 4.2  —  4.2 
Foreign Exchange Rates (5.8) (0.1) (5.9)
Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 634.4  $ 71.1  $ 705.5 
In the second quarter of 2021, Northern Trust finalized the acquisition of Parilux Investment Technology, LLC, a provider of middle office software solutions for multi-manager investors, completing the investment in the firm that was initiated in 2018. The purchase price recorded in connection with the closing of the acquisition totaled $17.6 million. Goodwill and developed technology associated with the acquisition totaled $4.2 million and $13.4 million, respectively.
Other Intangible Assets Subject to Amortization. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of other intangible assets subject to amortization as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows.
TABLE 61: OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Gross Carrying Amount $ 208.4  $ 221.3 
Less: Accumulated Amortization 112.6  108.7 
Net Book Value $ 95.8  $ 112.6 
Other intangible assets consist primarily of the value of acquired client relationships and are included within Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Amortization expense related to other intangible assets totaled $3.4 million and $11.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $4.3 million and $12.6 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Amortization for the remainder of 2021 and for the years 2022, 2023, 2024, and 2025 is estimated to be $3.3 million, $10.0 million, $9.7 million, $9.6 million, and $9.0 million, respectively.
Capitalized Software. The gross carrying amount and accumulated amortization of capitalized software as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 were as follows.
TABLE 62: CAPITALIZED SOFTWARE
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Gross Carrying Amount $ 4,635.7  $ 4,337.4 
Less: Accumulated Amortization 3,003.2  2,744.5 
Net Book Value $ 1,632.5  $ 1,592.9 

Capitalized software, which is included in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets, consists primarily of purchased software, software licenses, and allowable internal costs, including compensation relating to software developed for internal use. Fees paid for the use of software licenses that are not hosted by Northern Trust are expensed as incurred. Amortization expense, which is included in Equipment and Software on the consolidated statements of income, totaled $98.1 million and $288.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, and $91.3 million and $274.0 million, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Note 10 – Reporting Segments
Northern Trust is organized around its two client-focused reporting segments: Corporate & Institutional Services (C&IS) and Wealth Management. Asset management and related services are provided to C&IS and Wealth Management clients primarily by the Asset Management business. The revenue and expenses of Asset Management and certain other support functions are allocated fully to C&IS and Wealth Management.
Reporting segment financial information, presented on an internal management reporting basis, is determined by accounting systems used to allocate revenue and expense to each segment, and incorporates processes for allocating assets, liabilities, equity and the applicable interest income and expense utilizing a funds transfer pricing (FTP) methodology. Under the
67

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
methodology, assets and liabilities receive a funding charge or credit that considers interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and other product characteristics on an instrument level.
Revenues, expenses and average assets are allocated to C&IS and Wealth Management, with the exception of non-recurring activities such as certain costs associated with acquisitions, divestitures, litigation, restructuring, and tax adjustments not directly attributable to a specific reporting segment.
Reporting segment results are subject to reclassification when organizational changes are made. The results are also subject to refinements in revenue and expense allocation methodologies, which are typically reflected on a prospective basis.
Effective January 1, 2021, Northern Trust implemented enhancements to its FTP methodology, including enhancements impacting the allocation of net interest income between C&IS and Wealth Management. These methodology enhancements affect the results of each of these reporting segments. Due to the lack of historical information, segment results for periods ended prior to January 1, 2021 have not been revised to reflect the methodology enhancements.
The following table presents the earnings contributions and average assets of Northern Trust’s reporting segments for the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 63: RESULTS OF REPORTING SEGMENTS
($ In Millions) CORPORATE &
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
WEALTH MANAGEMENT OTHER TOTAL CONSOLIDATED
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 630.2  $ 584.9  $ 480.8  $ 418.9  $   $ —  $ 1,111.0  $ 1,003.8 
Foreign Exchange Trading Income 63.2  58.4  3.2  3.2    —  66.4  61.6 
Other Noninterest Income 65.6  56.7  48.0  39.7  (3.6) (5.3) 110.0  91.1 
Total Noninterest Income 759.0  700.0  532.0  461.8  (3.6) (5.3) 1,287.4  1,156.5 
Net Interest Income(1)
158.9  139.9  198.2  196.6    —  357.1  336.5 
Revenue(1)
917.9  839.9  730.2  658.4  (3.6) (5.3) 1,644.5  1,493.0 
Provision for Credit Losses (6.9) (19.2) (6.1) 19.7    —  (13.0) 0.5 
Noninterest Expense 716.6  707.3  410.9  386.3  1.2  1.1  1,128.7  1,094.7 
Income before Income Taxes(1)
208.2  151.8  325.4  252.4  (4.8) (6.4) 528.8  397.8 
Provision for Income Taxes(1)
50.0  38.7  84.3  66.2  (1.2) (1.6) 133.1  103.3 
Net Income $ 158.2  $ 113.1  $ 241.1  $ 186.2  $ (3.6) $ (4.8) $ 395.7  $ 294.5 
Percentage of Consolidated Net Income 40  % 39  % 61  % 63  % (1) % (2) % 100  % 100  %
Average Assets $ 119,951.9  $ 108,823.0  $ 36,500.9  $ 32,102.4  $   $ —  $ 156,452.8  $ 140,925.4 
(1)    Non-GAAP financial measures stated on a fully taxable equivalent basis (FTE). Total consolidated includes FTE adjustments of $10.7 million for 2021 and $7.9 million for 2020.
($ In Millions) CORPORATE &
INSTITUTIONAL SERVICES
WEALTH MANAGEMENT OTHER TOTAL CONSOLIDATED
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,862.2  $ 1,725.5  $ 1,387.9  $ 1,243.4  $   $ —  $ 3,250.1  $ 2,968.9 
Foreign Exchange Trading Income 205.6  211.8  10.1  10.0    —  215.7  221.8 
Other Noninterest Income 194.8  167.5  130.5  122.9  (15.7) (11.0) 309.6  279.4 
Total Noninterest Income 2,262.6  2,104.8  1,528.5  1,376.3  (15.7) (11.0) 3,775.4  3,470.1 
Net Interest Income(1)
472.7  516.6  575.0  615.9    —  1,047.7  1,132.5 
Revenue(1)
2,735.3  2,621.4  2,103.5  1,992.2  (15.7) (11.0) 4,823.1  4,602.6 
Provision for Credit Losses (29.1) 35.3  (40.9) 92.2    —  (70.0) 127.5 
Noninterest Expense 2,133.3  2,022.2  1,212.5  1,152.7  21.2  22.3  3,367.0  3,197.2 
Income before Income Taxes(1)
631.1  563.9  931.9  747.3  (36.9) (33.3) 1,526.1  1,277.9 
Provision for Income Taxes(1)
153.1  129.9  243.3  187.9  (9.2) (8.3) 387.2  309.5 
Net Income $ 478.0  $ 434.0  $ 688.6  $ 559.4  $ (27.7) $ (25.0) $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Percentage of Consolidated Net Income 42  % 45  % 60  % 58  % (2) % (3) % 100  % 100  %
Average Assets $ 119,859.4  $ 102,902.3  $ 34,821.9  $ 31,742.9  $   $ —  $ 154,681.3  $ 134,645.2 
(1)    Non-GAAP financial measures stated on a fully taxable equivalent basis (FTE). Total consolidated includes FTE adjustments of $25.6 million for 2021 and $23.7 million for 2020.
68

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 11 – Stockholders’ Equity
Preferred Stock. The Corporation is authorized to issue 10 million shares of preferred stock without par value. The Board of Directors is authorized to fix the particular designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional and other special rights and qualifications, limitations or restrictions for each series of preferred stock issued.
As of September 30, 2021, 5,000 shares of Series D Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (the “Series D Preferred Stock”) and 16,000 shares of Series E Non-Cumulative Perpetual Preferred Stock (“Series E Preferred Stock”) were outstanding.
Series D Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2021, the Corporation had issued and outstanding 500,000 depositary shares, each representing a 1/100th ownership interest in a share of Series D Preferred Stock, issued in August 2016. Equity related to Series D Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $493.5 million. Shares of the Series D Preferred Stock have no par value and a liquidation preference of $100,000 (equivalent to $1,000 per depositary share).
Dividends on the Series D Preferred Stock, which are not mandatory, accrue and are payable on the liquidation preference amount, on a non-cumulative basis, at a rate per annum equal to (i) 4.60% from the original issue date of the Series D Preferred Stock to but excluding October 1, 2026; and (ii) a floating rate equal to Three-Month LIBOR plus 3.202% from and including October 1, 2026. Fixed rate dividends are payable in arrears on the first day of April and October of each year, through and including October 1, 2026, and floating rate dividends will be payable in arrears on the first day of January, April, July and October of each year, commencing on January 1, 2027. On July 20, 2021, the Corporation declared a cash dividend of $2,300 per share of Series D Preferred Stock payable on October 1, 2021, to stockholders of record as of September 15, 2021.
Series E Preferred Stock. As of September 30, 2021, the Corporation had issued and outstanding 16 million depositary shares, each representing 1/1,000th ownership interest in a share of Series E Preferred Stock, issued in November 2019. Equity related to Series E Preferred Stock as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 was $391.4 million. Shares of the Series E Preferred Stock have no par value and a liquidation preference of $25,000 (equivalent to $25 per depositary share).
Dividends on the Series E Preferred Stock, which are not mandatory, will accrue and be payable on the liquidation preference amount, on a non-cumulative basis, quarterly in arrears on the first day of January, April, July and October of each year, commencing on April 1, 2020, at a rate per annum equal to 4.70%. On July 20, 2021, the Corporation declared a cash dividend of $293.75 per share of Series E Preferred Stock payable on October 1, 2021, to stockholders of record as of September 15, 2021.
Common Stock. On June 25, 2020, the Federal Reserve Board imposed restrictions that were designed to cause large bank holding companies to preserve capital, including suspending share repurchases, capping dividend payments, and only allowing common stock dividends according to a formula based on recent income. On December 18, 2020, the Federal Reserve extended its capital distribution limits into the first quarter of 2021 with certain modifications, which included continuing to limit dividend payments and share repurchases based on recent income. In the first quarter of 2021, the Corporation restarted its share repurchase program in accordance with such limitations. On June 30, 2021, the additional capital distribution restrictions that were put in place in response to the COVID-19 pandemic expired. During the current quarter, the Corporation repurchased 859,587 shares of common stock, including 11,169 shares withheld related to share-based compensation, at a total cost of $100.0 million ($116.34 average price per share). For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, the Corporation repurchased 2,511,564 shares of common stock, including 378,346 shares withheld related to share-based compensation, at a total cost of $265.8 million ($105.84 average price per share). These repurchases were made under the stock repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors in July 2018. On October 19, 2021, this program was terminated and replaced with a new repurchase program, under which the Board of Directors authorized the Corporation to repurchase up to 25.0 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. Shares are repurchased by the Corporation to, among other things, manage the Corporation’s capital levels. Repurchased shares are used for general purposes, including the issuance of shares under stock option and other incentive plans. The repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors has no expiration date.
69

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 12 – Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following tables summarize the components of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (AOCI) at September 30, 2021 and 2020, and changes during the three and nine months then ended.
TABLE 64: SUMMARY OF CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions)
NET UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES(1)
NET UNREALIZED (LOSSES) GAINS ON CASH FLOW HEDGES NET FOREIGN CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT NET PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
Balance at June 30, 2021 $ 373.0  $ (5.4) $ 151.8  $ (324.7) $ 194.7 
Net Change (89.6) 4.6  3.8  0.5  (80.7)
Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 283.4  $ (0.8) $ 155.6  $ (324.2) $ 114.0 
(1) The balance at September 30, 2021 includes after-tax net unamortized gains of $91.7 million related to AFS debt securities that have been transferred to HTM debt securities during the second quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 4 - Securities for further information.
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions)
NET UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES(1)
NET UNREALIZED (LOSSES) GAINS ON CASH FLOW HEDGES NET FOREIGN CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT NET PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
Balance at December 31, 2020 $ 641.8  $ (3.2) $ 144.7  $ (355.3) $ 428.0 
Net Change (358.4) 2.4  10.9  31.1  (314.0)
Balance at September 30, 2021 $ 283.4  $ (0.8) $ 155.6  $ (324.2) $ 114.0 
(1) The balance at September 30, 2021 includes after-tax net unamortized gains of $91.7 million related to AFS debt securities that have been transferred to HTM debt securities during the second quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 4 - Securities for further information.
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions)
NET UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES(1)
NET UNREALIZED (LOSSES) GAINS ON CASH FLOW HEDGES NET FOREIGN CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT NET PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
Balance at June 30, 2020 $ 631.8  $ 0.3  $ 145.5  $ (407.2) $ 370.4 
Net Change 33.5  1.3  1.8  17.5  54.1 
Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 665.3  $ 1.6  $ 147.3  $ (389.7) $ 424.5 
(1)    Includes net unrealized gains on debt securities transferred from AFS to HTM during the period ended September 30, 2020.
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2020
(In Millions)
NET UNREALIZED GAINS (LOSSES) ON AVAILABLE FOR SALE DEBT SECURITIES(1)
NET UNREALIZED (LOSSES) GAINS ON CASH FLOW HEDGES NET FOREIGN CURRENCY ADJUSTMENT NET PENSION AND OTHER POSTRETIREMENT BENEFIT ADJUSTMENTS TOTAL
Balance at December 31, 2019 $ 114.0  $ (3.7) $ 117.8  $ (422.8) $ (194.7)
Net Change 551.3  5.3  29.5  33.1  619.2 
Balance at September 30, 2020 $ 665.3  $ 1.6  $ 147.3  $ (389.7) $ 424.5 
(1)    Includes net unrealized gains on debt securities transferred from AFS to HTM during the period ended September 30, 2020.

70

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
TABLE 65: DETAILS OF CHANGES IN ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020
(In Millions) PRE-TAX TAX AFTER TAX PRE-TAX TAX AFTER TAX
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Debt Securities
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Debt Securities $ (107.0) $ 26.9  $ (80.1) $ 45.3  $ (11.8) $ 33.5 
Reclassification Adjustments for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income:
Interest Income on Debt Securities(1)
(12.7) 3.2  (9.5) —  —  — 
Net Gains on Debt Securities(2)
      —  —  — 
Net Change $ (119.7) $ 30.1  $ (89.6) $ 45.3  $ (11.8) $ 33.5 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign Exchange Contracts $ 5.5  $ (1.4) $ 4.1  $ 6.6  $ (1.6) $ 5.0 
Interest Rate Contracts       (0.2) —  (0.2)
Reclassification Adjustment for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income(3)
0.7  (0.2) 0.5  (4.7) 1.2  (3.5)
Net Change $ 6.2  $ (1.6) $ 4.6  $ 1.7  $ (0.4) $ 1.3 
Foreign Currency Adjustments
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments $ (64.5) $ 3.5  $ (61.0) $ 92.1  $ (3.1) $ 89.0 
Long-Term Intra-Entity Foreign Currency Transaction Gains (Losses) (0.1)   (0.1) 1.2  (0.3) 0.9 
Net Investment Hedge Gains (Losses) 86.7  (21.8) 64.9  (117.4) 29.3  (88.1)
Net Change $ 22.1  $ (18.3) $ 3.8  $ (24.1) $ 25.9  $ 1.8 
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Adjustments
Net Actuarial Gains $ (15.5) $ 3.9  $ (11.6) $ 12.6  $ (3.1) $ 9.5 
Reclassification Adjustment for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income(4)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss 16.2  (4.0) 12.2  10.7  (2.6) 8.1 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (0.2) 0.1  (0.1) (0.1) —  (0.1)
Net Change $ 0.5  $   $ 0.5  $ 23.2  $ (5.7) $ 17.5 
Total Net Change $ (90.9) $ 10.2  $ (80.7) $ 46.1  $ 8.0  $ 54.1 
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020
(In Millions) PRE-TAX TAX AFTER TAX PRE-TAX TAX AFTER TAX
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Debt Securities
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Available for Sale Debt Securities $ (453.6) $ 116.4  $ (337.2) $ 736.8  $ (185.4) $ 551.4 
Reclassification Adjustments for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income:
Interest Income on Debt Securities(1)
(28.3) 7.1  (21.2) —  —  — 
Net Gains on Debt Securities(2)
      (0.1) —  (0.1)
Net Change $ (481.9) $ 123.5  $ (358.4) $ 736.7  $ (185.4) $ 551.3 
Unrealized Gains (Losses) on Cash Flow Hedges
Foreign Exchange Contracts $ 7.2  $ (1.8) $ 5.4  $ 18.1  $ (4.5) $ 13.6 
Interest Rate Contracts       0.2  (0.1) 0.1 
Reclassification Adjustment for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income(3)
(4.0) 1.0  (3.0) (11.2) 2.8  (8.4)
Net Change $ 3.2  $ (0.8) $ 2.4  $ 7.1  $ (1.8) $ 5.3 
Foreign Currency Adjustments
Foreign Currency Translation Adjustments $ (111.7) $ 4.8  $ (106.9) $ 53.1  $ (1.0) $ 52.1 
Long-Term Intra-Entity Foreign Currency Transaction Gains (Losses) 0.1  (0.1)   0.7  (0.2) 0.5 
Net Investment Hedge Gains (Losses) 157.3  (39.5) 117.8  (29.8) 6.7  (23.1)
Net Change $ 45.7  $ (34.8) $ 10.9  $ 24.0  $ 5.5  $ 29.5 
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Adjustments
Net Actuarial Gains (Losses) $ (17.2) $ 5.1  $ (12.1) $ 11.8  $ (3.0) $ 8.8 
Reclassification Adjustment for (Gains) Losses Included in Net Income(4)
Amortization of Net Actuarial Loss 58.0  (14.2) 43.8  32.3  (7.8) 24.5 
Amortization of Prior Service Cost (0.8) 0.2  (0.6) (0.2) —  (0.2)
Net Change $ 40.0  $ (8.9) $ 31.1  $ 43.9  $ (10.8) $ 33.1 
Total Net Change $ (393.0) $ 79.0  $ (314.0) $ 811.7  $ (192.5) $ 619.2 
(1) The before-tax reclassification adjustment out of AOCI is related to the amortization of unrealized gains (losses) on AFS debt securities that were transferred to HTM debt securities during the second quarter of 2021. Refer to Note 4 - Securities for further information.
(2) The before-tax reclassification adjustment out of AOCI related to the realized gains (losses) on AFS debt securities is recorded in Investment Security Gains (Losses), net on the consolidated statements of income.
(3) See Note 22 — Derivative Financial Instruments for the location of the reclassification adjustment related to cash flow hedges.
(4) The before-tax reclassification adjustment out of AOCI related to pension and other postretirement benefit adjustments is recorded in Employee Benefits expense on the consolidated statements of income.
71

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 13 – Net Income Per Common Share
The computations of net income per common share are presented in the following table.
TABLE 66: NET INCOME PER COMMON SHARE
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions Except Per Common Share Information) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Basic Net Income Per Common Share
Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding 208,116,009  208,106,190  208,199,352  208,351,088 
Net Income $ 395.7  $ 294.5  $ 1,138.9  $ 968.4 
Less: Dividends on Preferred Stock 16.2  16.2  37.1  51.5 
Net Income Applicable to Common Stock 379.5  278.3  1,101.8  916.9 
Less: Earnings Allocated to Participating Securities 3.0  3.3  9.9  10.6 
Earnings Allocated to Common Shares Outstanding 376.5  275.0  1,091.9  906.3 
Basic Net Income Per Common Share $ 1.81  $ 1.32  $ 5.24  $ 4.35 
Diluted Net Income Per Common Share
Average Number of Common Shares Outstanding 208,116,009  208,106,190  208,199,352  208,351,088 
Plus: Dilutive Effect of Share-based Compensation 807,297  582,304  803,178  672,243 
Average Common and Potential Common Shares 208,923,306  208,688,494  209,002,530  209,023,331 
Earnings Allocated to Common and Potential Common Shares $ 376.5  $ 275.0  $ 1,091.9  $ 906.3 
Diluted Net Income Per Common Share 1.80  1.32  5.22  4.34 
Note:    For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, there were no common stock equivalents excluded in the computation of diluted net income per share.
Note 14 – Revenue from Contracts with Clients
Trust, Investment, and Other Servicing Fees. Custody and Fund Administration income is comprised of revenues received from our core asset servicing business for providing custody, fund administration, and middle-office-related services, primarily to C&IS clients. Investment Management and Advisory income contains revenue received from providing asset management and related services to Wealth Management and C&IS clients and to Northern Trust sponsored funds. Securities Lending income represents revenues generated from securities lending arrangements that Northern Trust enters into as agent, mainly with C&IS clients. Other income largely consists of revenues received from providing employee benefit, investment risk and analytic and other services to C&IS and Wealth Management clients.
Other Noninterest Income. Treasury management income represents revenues received from providing cash and liquidity management services to C&IS and Wealth Management clients. The portion of Security Commissions and Trading Income that relates to revenue from contracts with clients is primarily comprised of commissions earned from providing securities brokerage services to Wealth Management and C&IS clients. The portion of Other Operating Income that relates to revenue from contracts with clients is mainly comprised of service fees for banking-related services provided to Wealth Management and C&IS clients.
Performance Obligations. Clients are typically charged monthly or quarterly in arrears based on the fee arrangement agreed to with each client; payment terms will vary depending on the client and services offered.
Substantially all revenues generated from contracts with clients for asset servicing, asset management, securities lending, treasury management and banking-related services are recognized on an accrual basis, over the period in which services are provided. The nature of Northern Trust’s performance obligations is to provide a series of distinct services in which the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of the promised services as they are performed. Fee arrangements are mainly comprised of variable amounts based on market value of client assets managed and serviced, transaction volumes, number of accounts, and securities lending volume and spreads. Revenue is recognized using the output method in an amount that reflects the consideration to which Northern Trust expects to be entitled in exchange for providing each month or quarter of service. For contracts with multiple performance obligations, revenue is allocated to each performance obligation based on the price agreed to with the client, representing its relative standalone selling price.
Security brokerage revenue is primarily represented by securities commissions received in exchange of providing trade execution related services. Control is transferred at a point in time, on the trade date of the transaction, and fees are typically variable based on transaction volumes and security types.
Northern Trust’s contracts with its clients are typically open-ended arrangements and are therefore considered to have an original duration of less than one year. Northern Trust has elected the practical expedient to not disclose the value of remaining performance obligations for contracts with an original expected duration of one year or less.
72

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
The following table presents revenues disaggregated by major revenue source.
TABLE 67: REVENUE DISAGGREGATION
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Noninterest Income
       Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees
Custody and Fund Administration $ 485.9  $ 416.4  $ 1,434.8  $ 1,231.7 
Investment Management and Advisory 549.2  519.3  1,586.8  1,515.2 
Securities Lending 20.2  19.8  58.0  70.7 
Other 55.7  48.3  170.5  151.3 
Total Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees $ 1,111.0  $ 1,003.8  $ 3,250.1  $ 2,968.9 
Other Noninterest Income
       Foreign Exchange Trading Income $ 66.4  $ 61.6  $ 215.7  $ 221.8 
       Treasury Management Fees 11.2  11.6  33.7  34.0 
       Security Commissions and Trading Income 36.5  26.0  104.3  100.9 
       Other Operating Income 62.3  53.5  171.6  144.4 
Investment Security Gains, net   —    0.1 
Total Other Noninterest Income $ 176.4  $ 152.7  $ 525.3  $ 501.2 
Total Noninterest Income $ 1,287.4  $ 1,156.5  $ 3,775.4  $ 3,470.1 
On the consolidated statements of income, Trust, Investment and Other Servicing Fees and Treasury Management Fees represent revenue from contracts with clients. For the three months ended September 30, 2021, revenue from contracts with clients also includes $26.1 million of the $36.5 million total Security Commissions and Trading Income and $14.0 million of the $62.3 million total Other Operating Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, revenue from contracts with clients also includes $82.0 million of the $104.3 million total Security Commissions and Trading Income and $39.5 million of the $171.6 million total Other Operating Income.
For the three months ended September 30, 2020, revenue from contracts with clients also includes $21.8 million of the $26.0 million total Security Commissions and Trading Income and $10.8 million of the $53.5 million total Other Operating Income. For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, revenue from contracts with clients also included $76.9 million of the $100.9 million total Security Commissions and Trading Income and $31.6 million of the $144.4 million total Other Operating Income.
Receivables Balances. The table below represents receivables balances from contracts with clients, which are included in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets, at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 68: CLIENT RECEIVABLES
(In Millions) SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
Trust Fees Receivable, net(1)
$ 960.6  $ 819.3 
Other 124.8  116.5 
Total Client Receivables $ 1,085.4  $ 935.8 
(1) Trust Fees Receivable is net of a $10.5 million and $7.2 million fee receivable allowance as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
73

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 15 – Net Interest Income
The components of Net Interest Income were as follows:
TABLE 69: NET INTEREST INCOME
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Interest Income
Loans and Leases $ 181.2  $ 167.1  $ 525.4  $ 606.4 
Securities — Taxable 162.9  182.6  502.5  632.1 
— Non-Taxable(1)
0.3  0.3  1.1  1.1 
Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks(2)
1.9  2.7  7.0  20.0 
Federal Reserve and Other Central Bank Deposits and Other 5.0  2.7  8.3  31.3 
Total Interest Income $ 351.3  $ 355.4  $ 1,044.3  $ 1,290.9 
Interest Expense
Deposits $ (16.3) $ (3.5) $ (44.5) $ 56.7 
Federal Funds Purchased   0.1  (0.4) 2.1 
Securities Sold Under Agreements to Repurchase 0.1  —  0.1  1.0 
Other Borrowings 3.6  5.0  10.3  40.6 
Senior Notes 11.7  19.1  39.2  57.0 
Long-Term Debt 5.3  5.7  15.9  21.1 
Floating Rate Capital Debt 0.5  0.4  1.6  3.6 
Total Interest Expense $ 4.9  $ 26.8  $ 22.2  $ 182.1 
Net Interest Income $ 346.4  $ 328.6  $ 1,022.1  $ 1,108.8 
(1) Non-Taxable Securities represent securities that are exempt from U.S. federal income taxes.
(2)    Interest-Bearing Due from and Deposits with Banks includes the interest-bearing component of Cash and Due from Banks and Interest-Bearing Deposits with Banks as presented on the consolidated balance sheets.
Note 16 – Other Operating Income
The components of Other Operating Income were as follows:
TABLE 70: OTHER OPERATING INCOME
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Loan Service Fees $ 16.1  $ 13.6  $ 49.3  $ 37.3 
Banking Service Fees 12.6  11.8  37.8  34.1 
Other Income 33.6  28.1  84.5  73.0 
Total Other Operating Income $ 62.3  $ 53.5  $ 171.6  $ 144.4 
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, Other Operating Income increased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily driven by distributions from investments in community development projects and higher banking and credit-related service charges, partially offset by lower miscellaneous income. The lower miscellaneous income was primarily associated with a market value decrease in the supplemental compensation plans, which also resulted in a related decrease in supplemental compensation plan expense reported in Other Operating Expense.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Other Operating Income increased compared to the prior-year period primarily due to higher banking and credit-related service charges, distributions from investments in community development projects, and higher miscellaneous income, partially offset by higher expenses for existing swap agreements related to Visa Inc. Class B common shares. The higher miscellaneous income was primarily associated with a market value increase in the supplemental compensation plans, which also resulted in a related increase in supplemental compensation plan expense in Other Operating Expense.

74

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)
Note 17 – Other Operating Expense
The components of Other Operating Expense were as follows:
TABLE 71: OTHER OPERATING EXPENSE
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
($ In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Business Promotion $ 27.2  $ 23.4  $ 44.0  $ 50.1 
Staff Related 10.3  11.8  26.9  20.5 
FDIC Insurance Premiums 3.5  3.2  11.2  8.6 
Other Intangibles Amortization 3.4  4.3  11.6  12.6 
Other Expenses 36.8  84.3  126.7  182.8 
Total Other Operating Expense $ 81.2  $ 127.0  $ 220.4  $ 274.6 
For the three months ended September 30, 2021, Other Operating Expense decreased compared to the prior-year quarter, primarily due to lower charges associated with account servicing activities and a decline in other miscellaneous expenses, including lower supplemental compensation plan expense. The lower supplemental compensation plan expense resulted in a related decrease in miscellaneous income reported in noninterest income. The account servicing activities in the prior-year quarter included a $43.4 million charge related to a corporate action processing error.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2021, Other Operating Expense decreased compared to the prior-year period, primarily due to lower charges associated with account servicing activities and a decline in other miscellaneous expenses, partially offset by higher supplemental compensation plan expense. The higher supplemental compensation plan expense resulted in a related increase in miscellaneous income reported in noninterest income. The account servicing activities in the prior-year period included a $43.4 million charge related to a corporate action processing error.
75

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

Note 18 – Pension and Postretirement Health Care
The following table sets forth the net periodic pension and postretirement benefit expense for Northern Trust’s U.S. Qualified Plan, Non-U.S. Pension Plans, U.S. Non-Qualified Plan, and postretirement health care plan for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 72: NET PERIODIC PENSION EXPENSE (BENEFIT)
U.S. QUALIFIED PLAN THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Service Cost $ 13.1  $ 11.9  $ 39.5  $ 35.5 
Interest Cost 10.4  10.8  30.0  32.4 
Expected Return on Plan Assets (20.0) (19.2) (60.2) (57.6)
Amortization
Net Actuarial Loss 7.1  8.8  25.9  26.4 
Prior Service Cost (0.1) (0.1) (0.3) (0.3)
Net Periodic Pension Expense $ 10.5  $ 12.2  $ 34.9  $ 36.4 
Settlement Expense 6.9  —  24.5  — 
Total Pension Expense $ 17.4  $ 12.2  $ 59.4  $ 36.4 
NON-U.S. PENSION PLANS THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Service Cost $ 0.5  $ 0.6  $ 1.6  $ 1.6 
Interest Cost 0.5  0.7  1.6  2.1 
Expected Return on Plan Assets (0.6) (0.8) (1.9) (2.3)
Amortization
Net Actuarial Loss 0.3  0.2  0.8  0.8 
Prior Service Cost   0.1  0.1  0.1 
Net Periodic Pension Expense $ 0.7  $ 0.8  $ 2.2  $ 2.3 
Settlement Expense (0.2) 0.1  0.7  0.3 
Total Pension Expense $ 0.5  $ 0.9  $ 2.9  $ 2.6 
U.S. NON-QUALIFIED PLAN THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Service Cost $ 1.3  $ 1.2  $ 3.9  $ 3.4 
Interest Cost 0.9  1.2  2.8  3.6 
Amortization
Net Actuarial Loss 2.1  1.7  6.2  5.3 
Prior Service Cost 0.1  —  0.1  0.1 
Net Periodic Pension Expense $ 4.4  $ 4.1  $ 13.0  $ 12.4 
POSTRETIREMENT HEALTH CARE PLAN THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Service Cost $ —  $ —  $   $ — 
Interest Cost   0.2  0.2  0.6 
Amortization
Net Actuarial (Gain)   (0.1) (0.1) (0.5)
Prior Service Cost (0.2) (0.1) (0.7) (0.1)
Net Periodic Postretirement Expense $ (0.2) $ —  $ (0.6) $ — 
Northern Trust’s U.S. Qualified Plan provides participants the option to select lump-sum benefit payments upon retirement and termination of service. In the second quarter of 2021 it became probable that total lump-sum payments in 2021 would exceed the settlement threshold of the sum of annual service and interest cost. Northern Trust recognized settlement charges related to its U.S. Qualified Plan in the second and third quarter of 2021 and will record a settlement charge in the fourth quarter of 2021.

The quarterly settlement charge represents the pro rata amount of the net loss in AOCI that is charged to income based on the proportion of the Projected Benefit Obligation settled to the total Projected Benefit Obligation and amounted to $6.9 million and $24.5 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021, respectively.

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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

The application of settlement accounting required an interim remeasurement of the U.S. Qualified Plan as of quarter-end. Northern Trust utilized a discount rate of 3.06% based on the established discount rate methodology and an expected rate of return of 5.00%. The remeasurement and the recognition of settlement charges decreased the Projected Benefit Obligation of the U.S Qualified Plan by $81.6 million from $1,470.6 million as of December 31, 2020 to $1,389.0 million as of September 30, 2021, resulting in an overall change of a $26.0 million decrease to the net funded status of the U.S. Qualified Plan.
The components of net periodic pension expense are recorded in Employee Benefits expense on the consolidated statements of income.
There were no contributions to the U.S. Qualified Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $6.7 million and $10.6 million of contributions to the U.S. Non-Qualified Plan during the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Note 19 – Share-Based Compensation Plans
The Northern Trust Corporation 2017 Long-Term Incentive Plan provides for the grant of non-qualified and incentive stock options; tandem and free-standing stock appreciation rights; stock awards in the form of restricted stock, restricted stock units and other stock awards; and performance awards.
Beginning with the grants made on February 21, 2017 under the Corporation’s prior equity incentive plan, restricted stock unit and performance stock unit grants continue to vest in accordance with the original terms of the award if the applicable employee retires after satisfying applicable age and service requirements.
Total compensation expense for share-based payment arrangements and the associated tax impacts were as follows for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 73: TOTAL COMPENSATION EXPENSE FOR SHARE-BASED PAYMENT ARRANGEMENTS
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
(In Millions) 2021 2020 2021 2020
Restricted Stock Unit Awards $ 13.9  $ 12.2  $ 67.5  $ 66.3 
Stock Options   0.1    0.4 
Performance Stock Units 2.8  1.6  18.6  16.1 
Total Share-Based Compensation Expense 16.7  13.9  86.1  82.8 
Tax Benefits Recognized $ 4.2  $ 3.5  $ 21.6  $ 20.6 
Note 20 – Variable Interest Entities
Variable Interest Entities (VIEs) are defined within GAAP as entities which either (1) lack sufficient equity at risk to permit the entity to finance its activities without additional subordinated financial support, (2) have equity investors that lack attributes typical of an equity investor, such as the ability to make significant decisions through voting rights affecting the entity’s operations, or the obligation to absorb expected losses or the right to receive residual returns of the entity, or (3) are structured with voting rights that are disproportionate to the equity investor’s obligation to absorb losses or right to receive returns, and substantially all of the activities are conducted on behalf of the holder of the equity investment at risk with disproportionately few voting rights. Investors that finance a VIE through debt or equity interests are variable interest holders in the entity and the variable interest holder, if any, that has both the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity’s economic performance and, through its variable interest, the obligation to absorb losses or the right to receive returns that could potentially be significant to the entity is deemed to be the VIE’s primary beneficiary and is required to consolidate the VIE.
Tax Credit Structures. Northern Trust invests in qualified affordable housing projects and community development entities (collectively, community development projects) that are designed to generate a return primarily through the realization of tax credits. The community development projects are formed as limited partnerships and limited liability companies in which Northern Trust invests as a limited partner/investor member through equity contributions. The economic performance of the community development projects, some of which are VIEs, is subject to the performance of their underlying investment and their ability to operate in compliance with the rules and regulations necessary for the qualification of tax credits generated by equity investments. Northern Trust has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of any community development project VIEs as it lacks the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the underlying investments or to affect their ability to operate in compliance with the rules and regulations necessary for the qualification of tax credits generated by equity investments. This power is held by the general partners and managing members who exercise full and exclusive control of the operations of the community development project VIEs.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

Northern Trust’s maximum exposure to loss as a result of its involvement with community development projects is limited to the carrying amounts of its investments, including any undrawn commitments. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, the carrying amounts of these investments in community development projects that generate tax credits, included in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $949.4 million and $919.6 million, respectively, of which $906.7 million and $874.0 million are VIEs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. As of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, liabilities related to unfunded commitments on investments in tax credit community development projects, included in Other Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets, totaled $313.5 million and $351.6 million, respectively, of which $297.7 million and $335.9 million related to undrawn commitments on VIEs as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Northern Trust’s funding requirements are limited to its invested capital and undrawn commitments for future equity contributions. Northern Trust has no exposure to loss from liquidity arrangements and no obligation to purchase assets of the community development projects.
Tax credits and other tax benefits attributable to community development projects totaled $22.0 million and $20.7 million for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $68.1 million and $59.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Investment Funds. Northern Trust acts as asset manager for various funds in which clients of Northern Trust are investors. As an asset manager of funds, Northern Trust earns a competitively priced fee that is based on assets managed and varies with each fund’s investment objective. Based on its analysis, Northern Trust has determined that it is not the primary beneficiary of these VIEs under GAAP.
Some of the funds for which Northern Trust acts as asset manager comply or operate in accordance with requirements that are similar to those in Rule 2a-7 of the Investment Company Act of 1940 for registered money market funds and therefore the funds are exempt from the consolidation requirements in ASC 810-10. Northern Trust voluntarily waived $76.7 million of money market mutual fund fees for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and $206.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 related to the low-interest-rate environment and certain competitive factors. Northern Trust voluntarily waived $5.4 million and $5.7 million of money market mutual fund fees for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2020. Northern Trust does not have any contractual obligations to provide financial support to the funds. Any potential future support of the funds will be at the discretion of Northern Trust after an evaluation of the specific facts and circumstances.
Periodically, Northern Trust makes seed capital investments to certain funds. As of September 30, 2021, and December 31, 2020, Northern Trust had no seed capital investments and no unfunded commitments related to seed capital investments.
Note 21 – Commitments and Contingent Liabilities
Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments, Guarantees and Other Commitments. Northern Trust, in the normal course of business, enters into various types of commitments and issues letters of credit to meet the liquidity and credit enhancement needs of its clients. The contractual amounts of these instruments represent the maximum potential credit exposure should the instrument be fully drawn upon and the client default. To control the credit risk associated with entering into commitments and issuing letters of credit, Northern Trust subjects such activities to the same credit quality and monitoring controls as its lending activities. Northern Trust does not believe the total contractual amount of these instruments to be representative of its future credit exposure or funding requirements.
The following table provides details of Northern Trust's off-balance sheet financial instruments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 74: SUMMARY OF OFF-BALANCE SHEET FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
($ In Millions) ONE YEAR AND LESS OVER ONE YEAR TOTAL ONE YEAR AND LESS OVER ONE YEAR TOTAL
Undrawn Commitments(1)
$ 9,152.6  $ 18,597.6  $ 27,750.2  $ 11,260.5  $ 17,678.0  $ 28,938.5 
Standby Letters of Credit and Financial Guarantees(2)(3)
1,727.4  453.8  2,181.2  1,228.1  763.5  1,991.6 
Commercial Letters of Credit 73.1    73.1  54.6  —  54.6 
Custody Securities Lent with Indemnification 180,619.4    180,619.4  157,478.0  —  157,478.0 
Total Off-Balance Sheet Financial Instruments $ 191,572.5  $ 19,051.4  $ 210,623.9  $ 170,021.2  $ 18,441.5  $ 188,462.7 
(1) These amounts exclude $365.9 million and $384.7 million of commitments participated to others at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2) These amounts include $33.5 million and $24.2 million of standby letters of credit secured by cash deposits or participated to others as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(3) This amount includes a $509.0 million guarantee to the Fixed Income Clearing Corporation (FICC) under the sponsored member program, without taking into consideration the related collateral, as of September 30, 2021. As of December 31, 2020, there was no guarantee to the FICC as Northern Trust became a sponsored member during the third quarter of 2021.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

Undrawn Commitments generally have fixed expiration dates or other termination clauses. Since a significant portion of the commitments are expected to expire without being drawn upon, the total commitment amount does not necessarily represent future loans or liquidity requirements.
Standby Letters of Credit obligate Northern Trust to meet certain financial obligations of its clients, if, under the contractual terms of the agreement, the clients are unable to do so. These instruments are primarily issued to support public and private financial commitments, including commercial paper, bond financing, initial margin requirements on futures exchanges and similar transactions. Northern Trust is obligated to meet the entire financial obligation of these agreements and in certain cases is able to recover the amounts paid through recourse against collateral received or other participants.
Financial Guarantees are issued by Northern Trust to guarantee the performance of a client to a third party under certain arrangements.
Commercial Letters of Credit are instruments issued by Northern Trust on behalf of its clients that authorize a third party (the beneficiary) to draw drafts up to a stipulated amount under the specified terms and conditions of the agreement and other similar instruments. Commercial letters of credit are issued primarily to facilitate international trade.
Custody Securities Lent with Indemnification involves Northern Trust lending securities owned by clients to borrowers who are reviewed and approved by the Northern Trust Capital Markets Credit Committee, as part of its securities custody activities and at the direction of its clients. In connection with these activities, Northern Trust has issued indemnifications to certain clients against certain losses that are a direct result of a borrower’s failure to return securities when due, should the value of such securities exceed the value of the collateral required to be posted. Borrowers are required to collateralize fully securities received with cash or marketable securities. As securities are loaned, collateral is maintained at a minimum of 100% of the fair value of the securities plus accrued interest. The collateral is revalued on a daily basis. The amount of securities loaned as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020 subject to indemnification was $180.6 billion and $157.5 billion, respectively. Because of the credit quality of the borrowers and the requirement to fully collateralize securities borrowed, management believes that the exposure to credit loss from this activity is not significant and no liability was recorded as of September 30, 2021 or December 31, 2020, related to these indemnifications.
Sponsored Member Program. Effective during the third quarter of 2021, Northern Trust became an approved Government Securities Division (GSD) netting and sponsoring member in the FICC sponsored member program, through which Northern Trust submits eligible repurchase and reverse repurchase transactions in U.S. Government securities between Northern Trust and its sponsored member clients for novation and clearing. Northern Trust may sponsor clients to clear their eligible repurchase transactions with the FICC. As a sponsoring member, Northern Trust guarantees to the FICC the prompt and full payment and performance of its sponsored member clients’ respective obligations under the FICC GSD’s rules. To mitigate Northern Trust’s credit exposure under this guarantee, Northern Trust obtains a security interest in its sponsored member clients’ collateral. See Note 23 - Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities for additional information on Northern Trust’s repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements.
Unsettled Repurchase and Reverse Repurchase Agreements. Northern Trust enters into repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements which may settle at a future date. In repurchase agreements, Northern Trust receives cash from and provides securities as collateral to a counterparty. In reverse repurchase agreements, Northern Trust advances cash to and receives securities as collateral from a counterparty. These transactions are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets on the settlement date. As of September 30, 2021, there were no unsettled repurchase agreements and $99.5 million of unsettled reverse repurchase agreements. As of December 31, 2020, there were no unsettled repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements.
Clearing and Settlement Organizations. The Bank is a participating member of various cash, securities and foreign exchange clearing and settlement organizations. It participates in these organizations on behalf of its clients and on its own behalf as a result of its own activities. A wide variety of cash and securities transactions are settled through these organizations, including those involving obligations of states and political subdivisions, asset-backed securities, commercial paper, dollar placements, and securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association.
Certain of these industry clearing and settlement exchanges require their members to guarantee their obligations and liabilities and/or to provide liquidity support in the event other members do not honor their obligations as stipulated in each clearing organization’s membership agreement. Exposure related to these agreements varies, primarily as a result of fluctuations in the volume of transactions cleared through the organizations. At September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, Northern Trust has not recorded any material liabilities under these arrangements as Northern Trust believes the likelihood that a clearing or settlement exchange (of which Northern Trust is a member) would become insolvent is remote. Controls related to these clearing transactions are closely monitored by management to protect the assets of Northern Trust and its clients.
Legal Proceedings. In the normal course of business, the Corporation and its subsidiaries are routinely defendants in or parties to pending and threatened legal actions, and are subject to regulatory examinations, information-gathering requests, investigations, and proceedings, both formal and informal. In certain legal actions, claims for substantial monetary damages are
79

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

asserted. In regulatory matters, claims for disgorgement, restitution, penalties and/or other remedial actions or sanctions may be sought.
Based on current knowledge, after consultation with legal counsel and after taking into account current accruals, management does not believe that losses, fines or penalties, if any, arising from pending litigation or threatened legal actions or regulatory matters either individually or in the aggregate, after giving effect to applicable reserves and insurance coverage will have a material adverse effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of the Corporation, although such matters could have a material adverse effect on the Corporation’s operating results for a particular period.
Under GAAP, (i) an event is “probable” if the “future event or events are likely to occur”; (ii) an event is “reasonably possible” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is more than remote but less than likely”; and (iii) an event is “remote” if “the chance of the future event or events occurring is slight.”
The outcome of litigation and regulatory matters is inherently difficult to predict and/or the range of loss often cannot be reasonably estimated, particularly for matters that (i) will be decided by a jury, (ii) are in early stages, (iii) involve uncertainty as to the likelihood of a class being certified or the ultimate size of the class, (iv) are subject to appeals or motions, (v) involve significant factual issues to be resolved, including with respect to the amount of damages, (vi) do not specify the amount of damages sought or (vii) seek very large damages based on novel and complex damage and liability legal theories. Accordingly, the Corporation cannot reasonably estimate the eventual outcome of these pending matters, the timing of their ultimate resolution or what the eventual loss, fines or penalties, if any, related to each pending matter will be.
In accordance with applicable accounting guidance, the Corporation records accruals for litigation and regulatory matters when those matters present loss contingencies that are both probable and reasonably estimable. When loss contingencies are not both probable and reasonably estimable, the Corporation does not record accruals. No material accruals have been recorded for pending litigation or threatened legal actions or regulatory matters.
For a limited number of matters for which a loss is reasonably possible in future periods, whether in excess of an accrued liability or where there is no accrued liability, the Corporation is able to estimate a range of possible loss. As of September 30, 2021, the Corporation has estimated the range of reasonably possible loss for these matters to be from zero to approximately $20 million in the aggregate. The Corporation’s estimate with respect to the aggregate range of reasonably possible loss is based upon currently available information and is subject to significant judgment and a variety of assumptions and known and unknown uncertainties. The matters underlying the estimated range will change from time to time, and actual results may vary significantly from the current estimate.
In certain other pending matters, there may be a range of reasonably possible loss (including reasonably possible loss in excess of amounts accrued) that cannot be reasonably estimated for the reasons described above. Such matters are not included in the estimated range of reasonably possible loss discussed above.
In 2015, Northern Trust Fiduciary Services (Guernsey) Limited (NTFS), an indirect subsidiary of the Corporation, was charged by a French investigating magistrate judge with complicity in estate tax fraud in connection with the administration of two trusts for which it serves as trustee. Charges also were brought against a number of other persons and entities related to this matter. In 2017, a French court found no estate tax fraud had occurred and NTFS and all other persons and entities charged were acquitted. The Public Prosecutor’s Office of France appealed the court decision and in June 2018 a French appellate court issued its opinion on the matter, acquitting all persons and entities charged, including NTFS. In January 2021, the Cour de Cassation, the highest court in France, reversed the June 2018 appellate court ruling, requiring a re-trial at the appellate court level. The re-trial proceedings in the appellate court have not yet been scheduled. As trustee, NTFS provided no tax advice and had no involvement in the preparation or filing of the challenged estate tax filings.
Visa Class B Common Shares. Northern Trust, as a member of Visa U.S.A. Inc. (Visa U.S.A.) and in connection with the 2007 restructuring of Visa U.S.A. and its affiliates and the 2008 initial public offering of Visa Inc. (Visa), received certain Visa Class B common shares. The Visa Class B common shares are subject to certain selling restrictions until the final resolution of certain litigation related to interchange fees involving Visa (the covered litigation), at which time the shares are convertible into Visa Class A common shares based on a conversion rate dependent upon the ultimate cost of resolving the covered litigation. On June 28, 2018, and September 27, 2019, Visa deposited an additional $600 million and $300 million, respectively, into an escrow account previously established with respect to the covered litigation. As a result of the additional contributions to the escrow account, the rate at which Visa Class B common shares will convert into Visa Class A common shares was reduced.
In September 2018, Visa reached a proposed class settlement agreement covering damage claims but not injunctive relief claims regarding the covered litigation. In December 2019, the district court granted final approval for the proposed class settlement agreement. Certain merchants have opted out of the class settlement and are pursuing claims separately, while other merchants have appealed the approval order granted by the district court. The ultimate resolution of the covered litigation, the timing for removal of the selling restrictions on the Visa Class B common shares and the rate at which such shares will ultimately convert into Visa Class A common shares are uncertain.
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Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

In June 2016 and 2015, Northern Trust recorded a $123.1 million and $99.9 million net gain on the sale of 1.1 million and 1.0 million of its Visa Class B common shares, respectively. These sales do not affect Northern Trust’s risk related to the impact of the covered litigation on the rate at which such shares will ultimately convert into Visa Class A common shares. Northern Trust continued to hold approximately 4.1 million Visa Class B common shares, which are recorded at their original cost basis of zero, as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
Note 22 – Derivative Financial Instruments
Northern Trust is a party to various derivative financial instruments that are used in the normal course of business to meet the needs of its clients, as part of its trading activity for its own account and as part of its risk management activities. These instruments may include foreign exchange contracts, interest rate contracts, total return swap contracts, and swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.
Foreign exchange contracts are agreements to exchange specific amounts of currencies at a future date, at a specified rate of exchange. Foreign exchange contracts are entered into primarily to meet the foreign exchange needs of clients. Foreign exchange contracts are also used for trading and risk management purposes. For risk management purposes, Northern Trust uses foreign exchange contracts to reduce its exposure to changes in foreign exchange rates relating to certain forecasted non-functional-currency-denominated revenue and expenditure transactions, foreign-currency-denominated assets and liabilities, including debt securities, and net investments in non-U.S. affiliates.
Interest rate contracts include swap and option contracts. Interest rate swap contracts involve the exchange of fixed and floating rate interest payment obligations without the exchange of the underlying principal amounts. Northern Trust enters into interest rate swap contracts with its clients and also may utilize such contracts to reduce or eliminate the exposure to changes in the cash flows or fair value of hedged assets or liabilities due to changes in interest rates. Interest rate option contracts may include caps, floors, collars and swaptions, and provide for the transfer or reduction of interest rate risk, typically in exchange for a fee. Northern Trust enters into option contracts primarily as a seller of interest rate protection to clients. Northern Trust receives a fee at the outset of the agreement for the assumption of the risk of an unfavorable change in interest rates. This assumed interest rate risk is then mitigated by entering into an offsetting position with an outside counterparty. Northern Trust may also purchase or enter into option contracts for risk management purposes including to reduce the exposure to changes in the cash flows of hedged assets due to changes in interest rates.

81

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

The following table shows the notional and fair values of all derivative financial instruments as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 75: NOTIONAL AND FAIR VALUES OF DERIVATIVE FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
NOTIONAL VALUE FAIR VALUE NOTIONAL VALUE FAIR VALUE
(In Millions)
ASSET(1)
LIABILITY(2)
ASSET(1)
LIABILITY(2)
Derivatives Designated as Hedging under GAAP
Interest Rate Contracts
Fair Value Hedges $ 4,503.2  $ 17.6  $ 9.3  $ 4,717.6  $ 8.2  $ 10.2 
Cash Flow Hedges       50.0  0.1  — 
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Cash Flow Hedges 1,762.5  12.5  13.5  6,554.4  15.4  104.0 
Net Investment Hedges 3,849.0  146.2  5.5  3,480.3  0.1  207.7 
Total Derivatives Designated as Hedging under GAAP $ 10,114.7  $ 176.3  $ 28.3  $ 14,802.3  $ 23.8  $ 321.9 
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging under GAAP
Non-Designated Risk Management Derivatives
Foreign Exchange Contracts
$ 104.5  $ 1.1  $   $ 67.7  $ 0.1  $ 0.1 
Other Financial Derivatives(3)
759.1    36.7  745.4  —  35.3 
Total Non-Designated Risk Management Derivatives $ 863.6  $ 1.1  $ 36.7  $ 813.1  $ 0.1  $ 35.4 
Client-Related and Trading Derivatives
Foreign Exchange Contracts
$ 302,703.2  $ 2,649.6  $ 2,593.7  $ 320,563.4  $ 4,245.1  $ 4,410.7 
Interest Rate Contracts
11,549.4  177.2  98.0  10,573.3  289.2  114.8 
Total Client-Related and Trading Derivatives $ 314,252.6  $ 2,826.8  $ 2,691.7  $ 331,136.7  $ 4,534.3  $ 4,525.5 
Total Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging under GAAP $ 315,116.2  $ 2,827.9  $ 2,728.4  $ 331,949.8  $ 4,534.4  $ 4,560.9 
Total Gross Derivatives $ 325,230.9  $ 3,004.2  $ 2,756.7  $ 346,752.1  $ 4,558.2  $ 4,882.8 
Less: Netting(4)
939.5  2,333.9  3,507.8  2,817.1 
Total Derivative Financial Instruments $ 2,064.7  $ 422.8  $ 1,050.4  $ 2,065.7 
(1)    Derivative assets are reported in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets.
(2)    Derivative liabilities are reported in Other Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets.
(3)    This line includes swaps related to sales of certain Visa Class B common shares.
(4)    See further detail in Note 23 — Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities.
Notional amounts of derivative financial instruments do not represent credit risk, and are not recorded in the consolidated balance sheets. They are used merely to express the volume of this activity. Northern Trust’s credit-related risk of loss is limited to the positive fair value of the derivative instrument, net of any collateral received, which is significantly less than the notional amount.
All derivative financial instruments, whether designated as hedges or not, are recorded on the consolidated balance sheets at fair value within Other Assets or Other Liabilities. Northern Trust has elected to net derivative assets and liabilities when legally enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements exist between Northern Trust and the counterparty.
Hedging Derivative Instruments Designated under GAAP. Northern Trust uses derivative instruments to hedge its exposure to foreign currency, interest rate, and equity price. Certain hedging relationships are formally designated and qualify for hedge accounting under GAAP as fair value, cash flow or net investment hedges. Other derivatives that are entered into for risk management purposes as economic hedges are not formally designated as hedges and changes in fair value are recognized currently in Other Operating Income within the consolidated statements of income (see below section “Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging under GAAP”).
In order to qualify for hedge accounting, a formal assessment is performed on a calendar-quarter basis to verify that derivatives used in designated hedging transactions continue to be highly effective in offsetting the changes in fair value or cash flows of the hedged item. If a derivative ceases to be highly effective, matures, is sold or is terminated, or if a hedged forecasted transaction is no longer probable of occurring, hedge accounting is terminated and the derivative is treated as if it were a trading instrument.
Fair Value Hedges. Derivatives are designated as fair value hedges to limit Northern Trust’s exposure to changes in the fair value of assets and liabilities due to movements in interest rates. Northern Trust enters into interest rate swaps to hedge changes in fair value of AFS debt securities and long-term subordinated debt and senior notes. Northern Trust applied the “shortcut” method of accounting, available under GAAP, which assumes there is perfect effectiveness in a hedge, for all of its fair value hedges during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020. Changes in the fair value of the
82

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

derivative instrument and changes in the fair value of the hedged asset or liability attributable to the hedged risk are recognized currently in earnings within the same income statement line item.
Cash Flow Hedges. Derivatives are also designated as cash flow hedges in order to minimize the variability in cash flows of earning assets or forecasted transactions caused by movements in interest or foreign exchange rates. Northern Trust enters into foreign exchange contracts to hedge changes in cash flows due to movements in foreign exchange rates of forecasted foreign- currency-denominated transactions and foreign-currency-denominated debt securities. Northern Trust also enters into interest rate contracts to hedge changes in cash flows due to movements in interest rates of AFS debt securities. The change in fair value of cash flow hedging derivative instruments are recorded in AOCI and reclassified to earnings when the hedged forecasted transaction impacts earnings within the same income statement line item.
There were no material gains or losses reclassified into earnings during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, as a result of the discontinuance of forecasted transactions that were no longer probable of occurring. It is estimated that net losses of $2.2 million will be reclassified into net income within the next twelve months relating to cash flow hedges of foreign-currency-denominated transactions. As of September 30, 2021, 23 months was the maximum length of time over which the exposure to variability in future cash flows of forecasted foreign-currency-denominated transactions was being hedged.
The following tables provide fair value and cash flow hedge derivative gains and losses recognized in income during the three- and nine- month periods ended September 30, 2021 and 2020.
TABLE 76: LOCATION AND AMOUNT OF FAIR VALUE AND CASH FLOW HEDGE DERIVATIVE GAINS AND LOSSES RECORDED IN INCOME
(In Millions) INTEREST INCOME INTEREST EXPENSE OTHER OPERATING INCOME
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Total amounts on the consolidated statements of income $ 351.3  $ 355.4  $ 4.9  $ 26.8  $ 62.3  $ 53.5 
Gains (Losses) on fair value hedges recognized on
Interest Rate Contracts
Recognized on derivatives 9.3  15.1  (1.4) (2.9)   — 
Recognized on hedged items (9.3) (15.1) 1.4  2.9    — 
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives (10.6) (14.2) 0.9  (2.5)   — 
Total gains (losses) recognized on fair value hedges $ (10.6) $ (14.2) $ 0.9  $ (2.5) $   $ — 
Gains (Losses) on cash flow hedges recognized on
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income $ 0.3  $ 4.2  $   $ —  $ (1.0) $ 0.3 
Interest Rate Contracts
Net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income   0.2    —    — 
Total gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income on cash flow hedges $ 0.3  $ 4.4  $   $ —  $ (1.0) $ 0.3 
(In Millions) INTEREST INCOME INTEREST EXPENSE OTHER OPERATING INCOME
NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 2020 2021 2020 2021 2020
Total amounts on the consolidated statements of income $ 1,044.3  $ 1,290.9  $ 22.2  $ 182.1  $ 171.6  $ 144.4 
Gains (Losses) on fair value hedges recognized on
Interest Rate Contracts
Recognized on derivatives 27.2  (75.6) (112.4) 152.1    — 
Recognized on hedged items (27.2) 75.6  112.4  (152.1)   — 
Amounts related to interest settlements on derivatives (14.2) (11.6) 32.4  6.1    — 
Total gains (losses) recognized on fair value hedges $ (14.2) $ (11.6) $ 32.4  $ 6.1  $   $ — 
Gains (Losses) on cash flow hedges recognized on
Foreign Exchange Contracts
Net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income $ 8.5  $ 10.8  $   $ —  $ (4.5) $ 0.1 
Interest Rate Contracts
Net gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income   0.3    —    — 
Total gains (losses) reclassified from AOCI to net income on cash flow hedges $ 8.5  $ 11.1  $   $ —  $ (4.5) $ 0.1 
83

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

The following table provides the impact of fair value hedge accounting on the carrying value of the designated hedged items as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 77: HEDGED ITEMS IN FAIR VALUE HEDGES
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021 DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) CARRYING VALUE OF THE HEDGED ITEMS
CUMULATIVE HEDGE ACCOUNTING BASIS ADJUSTMENT(1)
CARRYING VALUE OF THE HEDGED ITEMS
CUMULATIVE HEDGE ACCOUNTING BASIS ADJUSTMENT(2)
Available for Sale Debt Securities(3)
$ 1,788.7  $ 26.9  $ 2,075.1  $ 48.8 
Senior Notes and Long-Term Subordinated Debt 2,745.5  96.9  2,745.1  221.5 
Total $ 4,534.2  $ 123.8  $ 4,820.2  $ 270.3 
(1)    The cumulative hedge accounting basis adjustment includes $9.8 million related to discontinued hedging relationships of AFS debt securities as of September 30, 2021. There are no amounts related to discontinued hedging relationships in the cumulative hedge accounting basis adjustment of senior notes and long-term debt as of September 30, 2021.
(2)    The cumulative hedge accounting basis adjustment includes $10.4 million related to discontinued hedging relationships of AFS debt securities as of December 31, 2020. There were no amounts related to discontinued hedging relationships in the cumulative hedge accounting basis adjustment of senior notes and long-term debt as of December 31, 2020.
(3)    Carrying value represents amortized cost.
Net Investment Hedges. Certain foreign exchange contracts are designated as net investment hedges to minimize Northern Trust’s exposure to variability in the foreign currency translation of net investments in non-U.S. branches and subsidiaries. Net investment hedge gains of $86.7 million and losses of $117.4 million were recognized in AOCI related to foreign exchange contracts for the three months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively. Net investment hedge gains of $157.3 million and losses of $29.8 million were recognized in AOCI related to foreign exchange contracts for the nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020, respectively.
Derivative Instruments Not Designated as Hedging under GAAP. Northern Trust’s derivative instruments that are not designated as hedging under GAAP include derivatives for purposes of client-related and trading activities, as well as other risk management purposes. These activities consist principally of providing foreign exchange services to clients in connection with Northern Trust’s global custody business. However, in the normal course of business, Northern Trust also engages in trading of currencies for its own account.
Non-designated risk management derivatives include foreign exchange contracts entered into to manage the foreign currency risk of non-U.S.-dollar-denominated assets and liabilities, the net investment in certain non-U.S. affiliates, commercial loans and forecasted foreign-currency-denominated transactions. Swaps related to sales of certain Visa Class B common shares were entered into pursuant to which Northern Trust retains the risks associated with the ultimate conversion of the Visa Class B common shares into Visa Class A common shares. Total return swaps are entered into to manage the equity price risk associated with certain investments.
Changes in the fair value of derivative instruments not designated as hedges under GAAP are recognized currently in income. The following table provides the location and amount of gains and losses recorded in the consolidated statements of income for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2021 and 2020 for derivative instruments not designated as hedges under GAAP.
TABLE 78: LOCATION AND AMOUNT OF GAINS AND LOSSES RECORDED IN INCOME FOR DERIVATIVES NOT DESIGNATED AS HEDGING UNDER GAAP
(In Millions) DERIVATIVE GAINS (LOSSES) LOCATION RECOGNIZED IN INCOME AMOUNT OF DERIVATIVE GAINS (LOSSES) RECOGNIZED IN INCOME
THREE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, NINE MONTHS ENDED SEPTEMBER 30,
2021 2020 2021 2020
Non-designated risk management derivatives
Foreign Exchange Contracts Other Operating Income $ (0.3) $ 4.2  $ 2.7  $ 3.8 
Other Financial Derivatives(1)
Other Operating Income (3.6) (5.3) (15.7) (11.0)
Gains (Losses) from non-designated risk management derivatives $ (3.9) $ (1.1) $ (13.0) $ (7.2)
Client-related and trading derivatives
Foreign Exchange Contracts Foreign Exchange Trading Income $ 66.4  $ 61.6  $ 215.7  $ 221.8 
Interest Rate Contracts Security Commissions and Trading Income 7.6  2.3  13.4  18.5 
Gains (Losses) from client-related and trading derivatives $ 74.0  $ 63.9  $ 229.1  $ 240.3 
Total gains (losses) from derivatives not designated as hedging under GAAP $ 70.1  $ 62.8  $ 216.1  $ 233.1 
(1)    This line includes swaps related to the sale of certain Visa Class B common shares.

84

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

Note 23 – Offsetting of Assets and Liabilities
Northern Trust has elected to net derivative assets and liabilities when legally enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements exist between Northern Trust and the counterparty.
The following table provides information regarding the offsetting of derivative assets and securities purchased under agreements to resell within the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 79: OFFSETTING OF DERIVATIVE ASSETS AND SECURITIES PURCHASED UNDER AGREEMENTS TO RESELL
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) GROSS RECOGNIZED ASSETS
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(3)
NET AMOUNTS PRESENTED IN THE BALANCE SHEET
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(4)
NET AMOUNT(5)
Derivative Assets(1)
Foreign Exchange Contracts Over the Counter (OTC) $ 1,957.7  $ 936.9  $ 1,020.8  $ 2.8  $ 1,018.0 
Interest Rate Swaps OTC 192.6  2.6  190.0    190.0 
Interest Rate Swaps Exchange Cleared 2.2    2.2    2.2 
Total Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 2,152.5  939.5  1,213.0  2.8  1,210.2 
Total Derivatives Not Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 851.7    851.7    851.7 
Total Derivatives 3,004.2  939.5  2,064.7  2.8  2,061.9 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell(2)
$ 1,372.8  $ 500.0  $ 872.8  $ 872.8  $  
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) GROSS RECOGNIZED ASSETS
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(3)
NET AMOUNTS PRESENTED IN THE BALANCE SHEET
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(4)
NET AMOUNT(5)
Derivative Assets(1)
Foreign Exchange Contracts OTC $ 3,799.7  $ 3,505.3  $ 294.4  $ 0.9  $ 293.5 
Interest Rate Swaps OTC 295.9  2.5  293.4  —  293.4 
Interest Rate Swaps Exchange Cleared 1.6  —  1.6  —  1.6 
Total Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 4,097.2  3,507.8  589.4  0.9  588.5 
Total Derivatives Not Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 461.0  —  461.0  —  461.0 
Total Derivatives 4,558.2  3,507.8  1,050.4  0.9  1,049.5 
Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell $ 1,596.5  $ —  $ 1,596.5  $ 1,596.5  $ — 
(1)Derivative assets are reported in Other Assets on the consolidated balance sheets. Other Assets (excluding derivative assets) totaled $7.7 billion and $7.3 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)Offsetting of Securities Purchased under Agreements to Resell primarily relates to our involvement in FICC.
(3)Including cash collateral received from counterparties.
(4)Including financial assets accepted as collateral which are received from counterparties.
(5)Northern Trust did not possess any cash collateral that was not offset in the consolidated balance sheets that could have been used to offset the net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
85

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

The following table provides information regarding the offsetting of derivative liabilities and securities sold under agreements to repurchase within the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
TABLE 80: OFFSETTING OF DERIVATIVE LIABILITIES AND SECURITIES SOLD UNDER AGREEMENTS TO REPURCHASE
SEPTEMBER 30, 2021
(In Millions) GROSS RECOGNIZED LIABILITIES
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(3)
NET AMOUNTS PRESENTED IN THE BALANCE SHEET
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(4)
NET AMOUNT(5)
Derivative Liabilities(1)
Foreign Exchange Contracts OTC $ 2,365.1  $ 2,268.8  $ 96.3  $ 0.5  $ 95.8 
Interest Rate Swaps OTC 106.3  65.1  41.2    41.2 
Interest Rate Swaps Exchange Cleared 1.0    1.0    1.0 
Other Financial Derivatives 36.7    36.7    36.7 
Total Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 2,509.1  2,333.9  175.2  0.5  174.7 
Total Derivatives Not Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 247.6    247.6    247.6 
Total Derivatives 2,756.7  2,333.9  422.8  0.5  422.3 
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase(2)
$ 1,073.6  $ 500.0  $ 573.6  $ 573.6  $  
DECEMBER 31, 2020
(In Millions) GROSS RECOGNIZED LIABILITIES
GROSS AMOUNTS OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(3)
NET AMOUNTS PRESENTED IN THE BALANCE SHEET
GROSS AMOUNTS NOT OFFSET IN THE BALANCE SHEET(4)
NET AMOUNT(5)
Derivative Liabilities(1)
Foreign Exchange Contracts OTC $ 3,577.7  $ 2,718.6  $ 859.1  $ 0.5  $ 858.6 
Interest Rate Swaps OTC 125.0  98.5  26.5  —  26.5 
Interest Rate Swaps Exchange Cleared —  —  —  —  — 
Other Financial Derivatives 35.3  —  35.3  —  35.3 
Total Derivatives Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 3,738.0  2,817.1  920.9  0.5  920.4 
Total Derivatives Not Subject to a Master Netting Arrangement 1,144.8  —  1,144.8  —  1,144.8 
Total Derivatives 4,882.8  2,817.1  2,065.7  0.5  2,065.2 
Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase $ 39.8  $ —  $ 39.8  $ 39.8  $ — 
(1)Derivative liabilities are reported in Other Liabilities on the consolidated balance sheets. Other Liabilities (excluding derivative liabilities) totaled $4.7 billion and $3.5 billion as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively.
(2)Offsetting of Securities Sold under Agreements to Repurchase primarily relates to our involvement in FICC.
(3)Including cash collateral deposited with counterparties.
(4)Including financial assets accepted as collateral which are deposited with counterparties.
(5)Northern Trust did not place any cash collateral with counterparties that was not offset in the consolidated balance sheets that could have been used to offset the net amounts presented in the consolidated balance sheets as of September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020.
All of Northern Trust’s securities sold under agreements to repurchase (repurchase agreements) and securities purchased under agreements to resell (reverse repurchase agreements) involve the transfer of financial assets in exchange for cash subject to a right and obligation to repurchase those assets for an agreed upon amount. In the event of a repurchase failure, the cash or financial assets are available for offset. All of Northern Trust’s repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements are subject to a master netting arrangement, which sets forth the rights and obligations for repurchase and offset. Under the master netting arrangement, Northern Trust is entitled to offset receivables from and collateral placed with a single counterparty against obligations owed to that counterparty. In addition, collateral held by Northern Trust can be offset against receivables from that counterparty. Northern Trust’s repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements, other than those in which the counterparty is FICC, do not meet the requirements to net under GAAP.
Derivative asset and liability positions with a single counterparty can be offset against each other in cases where legally enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements exist. Derivative assets and liabilities can be further offset by cash collateral received from, and deposited with, the transacting counterparty. The basis for this view is that, upon termination of transactions subject to a master netting arrangement or similar agreement, the individual derivative receivables do not represent resources to which general creditors have rights and individual derivative payables do not represent claims that are equivalent to the claims of general creditors.
Credit risk associated with derivative instruments relates to the failure of the counterparty and the failure of Northern Trust to pay based on the contractual terms of the agreement, and is generally limited to the unrealized fair value gains and losses on these instruments, net of any collateral received or deposited. The amount of credit risk will increase or decrease during the
86

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited) (continued)

lives of the instruments as interest rates, foreign exchange rates, or equity prices fluctuate. Northern Trust’s risk is controlled by limiting such activity to an approved list of counterparties and by subjecting such activity to the same credit and quality controls as are followed in lending and investment activities. Credit Support Annexes and other similar agreements are currently in place with a number of Northern Trust’s counterparties which mitigate the aforementioned credit risk associated with derivative activity conducted with those counterparties by requiring that significant net unrealized fair value gains be supported by collateral placed with Northern Trust.
Additional cash collateral received from and deposited with derivative counterparties totaling $142.3 million and $247.9 million, respectively, as of September 30, 2021, and $111.0 million and $49.0 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020, was not offset against derivative assets and liabilities in the consolidated balance sheets as the amounts exceeded the net derivative positions with those counterparties.
Certain master netting arrangements Northern Trust enters into with derivative counterparties contain credit-risk-related contingent features in which the counterparty has the option to declare Northern Trust in default and accelerate cash settlement of net derivative liabilities with the counterparty in the event Northern Trust’s credit rating falls below specified levels. The aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with credit-risk-related contingent features that were in a liability position was $690.4 million and $1,648.2 million at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, respectively. Cash collateral amounts deposited with derivative counterparties on those dates included $689.0 million and $1,044.0 million, respectively, posted against these liabilities, resulting in a net maximum amount of termination payments that could have been required at September 30, 2021 and December 31, 2020, of $1.4 million and $604.2 million, respectively. Accelerated settlement of these liabilities would not have a material effect on the consolidated financial position or liquidity of Northern Trust.
Note 24 – Subsequent Events
In September 2021, the holders of the Floating Rate Capital Securities Series A and Series B were notified that such securities would be redeemed at the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest on October 15, 2021. In 1997, the Corporation established two statutory business trusts, NTC Capital I and NTC Capital II, for the sole purpose of issuing the Floating Rate Capital Securities, Series A due in January 2027 and the Floating Rate Capital Securities, Series B due in April 2027, respectively. The sole assets of the trusts were the subordinated debentures of Northern Trust Corporation that had the same interest rates and maturity dates as the corresponding distribution rates and redemption dates of the Floating Rate Capital Securities. On October 15, 2021, concurrently with the redemption of the Floating Rate Capital Securities Series A and B, the corresponding subordinated debentures were fully redeemed for $278.8 million principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest, with $154.9 million attributable to the Series A subordinated debenture and $123.9 million attributable to the Series B subordinated debenture.
Item 4. Controls and Procedures
As of September 30, 2021, the Corporation’s management, with the participation of the Corporation’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, evaluated the effectiveness of the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the Exchange Act)), that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Corporation in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified by the SEC’s rules and forms. Based on such evaluation, such officers have concluded that, as of September 30, 2021, the Corporation’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective.
There have been no changes in the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the evaluation required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act during the last fiscal quarter that have materially affected, or that are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting.
87





PART II — OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings
The information presented under the caption “Legal Proceedings” in Note 21 — Commitments and Contingent Liabilities included under Part I, Item 1 of this Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
(c) The following table shows certain information relating to the Corporation’s purchases of common stock for the three months ended September 30, 2021.
TABLE 81: REPURCHASES OF COMMON STOCK
PERIOD TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES PURCHASED AVERAGE PRICE PAID PER SHARE TOTAL NUMBER OF SHARES PURCHASED AS PART OF A PUBLICLY ANNOUNCED PLAN MAXIMUM NUMBER OF SHARES THAT MAY YET BE PURCHASED UNDER THE PLAN
July 1 - 31, 2021 —  $ —  —  5,202,847 
August 1 - 31, 2021 546,672  116.56  546,672  4,656,175 
September 1 - 30, 2021 301,746  115.99  301,746  4,354,429 
Total (Third Quarter) 848,418  $ 116.36  848,418  4,354,429 
Repurchases were made pursuant to the repurchase program announced by the Corporation on July 17, 2018, under which the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized the Corporation to repurchase up to 25.0 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. On October 19, 2021, this program was terminated and replaced with a new repurchase program, under which the Corporation’s Board of Directors authorized the Corporation to repurchase up to 25.0 million shares of the Corporation’s common stock. The repurchase authorization approved by the Board of Directors has no expiration date, thus the Corporation retains the ability to repurchase when circumstances warrant and applicable regulation permits. Please refer to Note 11 — Stockholders’ Equity to the consolidated financial statements provided in Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited).
Item 6. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number
Description
4.1 Certain instruments defining the rights of the holders of long-term debt of the Corporation and certain of its subsidiaries, none of which authorize a total amount of indebtedness in excess of 10% of the total assets of the Corporation and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis, have not been filed as exhibits. The Corporation hereby agrees to furnish a copy of any of these agreements to the SEC upon request.
32
101 Includes the following financial and related information from Northern Trust’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q as of and for the quarter ended September 30, 2021, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (1) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (2) the Consolidated Statements of Income, (3) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (4) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity, (5) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (6) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104 The cover page from this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, formatted in Inline XBRL.
88





SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
(Registrant)
Date:  October 26, 2021 By: /s/ Jason J. Tyler
Jason J. Tyler
Executive Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Duly Authorized Officer and Principal Financial Officer)
89
Exhibit 10.1
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
WEALTH PLANNING AND TAX CONSULTING SERVICES PLAN
(As Amended and Restated Effective January 1, 2021)


INTRODUCTION

The Northern Trust Corporation Executive Financial Consulting and Tax Preparation Services Plan was established by Northern Trust Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”), to provide a select group of management or highly compensated employees of the Corporation (and its subsidiaries and affiliates) with the opportunity to receive services or reimbursement of expenses for services for wealth planning and tax consulting. The Northern Trust Corporation Executive Financial Consulting and Tax Preparation Services Plan was amended and restated generally effective January 1, 2008 (with other effective dates as noted therein) to comply with various changes in applicable law, including the American Jobs Creation Act of 2004 and amended effective October 1, 2018, to change its name to the Northern Trust Corporation Wealth Planning and Tax Consulting Services Plan. The Plan is now amended and restated effective January 1, 2021.


ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

Wherever used herein the following terms shall have the meanings hereinafter set forth:

1.1    "Benefits" means any or all of the benefits described in Sections 3.1 and 3.2 of the Plan.

1.2    "Board" means the Board of Director of the Corporation.

1.3    "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

1.4    "Company" means The Northern Trust Company, an Illinois banking corporation; the Corporation; and such subsidiaries and affiliates of the Corporation as shall with the consent of the Board, adopt the Plan.

1.5    "Corporation" means Northern Trust Corporation, a Delaware corporation.

1.6    "Effective Date" means January 1, 2021 for the amended and restated Plan.

1.7    "Key Employee" means a Participant who is a "specified employee" within the meaning of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i). The Company's Key Employees shall be identified annually pursuant to Section 3.5(b).

1.8    "Participant" means an employee of the Company (i) who is eligible to participate in the Plan in accordance with Article II and (ii) who utilizes any of the benefits provided under



the Plan. To the extent provided in Section 3.2, a Participant who has retired from the service of the Company after incurring a Retirement, as defined below, remains a Participant during the Plan Year following such Retirement.


1.9    "Plan" means the Northern Trust Corporation Wealth Planning and Tax Consulting Services Plan.

1.10    "Plan Year" means the calendar year.

1.11    “Retirement” means a termination of employment without Cause (other than on account of death or Disability) occurring on or after the date (i) you have attained age 55, and (ii) the sum of your age (in whole years, rounded down to the nearest year) and Continuous Years of Service (in whole years, rounded down to the nearest year) equals or exceeds 65.

1.12    "Spouse" means the person to whom a Participant is legally married at the time Benefits are provided under the Plan.


ARTICLE II
ELIGIBILITY

2.1    Eligibility to Participate. An employee of the Company becomes first eligible to participate in the Plan:

    (a)    when he or she becomes an executive vice president or above either by hire or by promotion; or

    (b)    if below the level of executive vice president, when he or she is selected for participation by the Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the Company; and

    (c)    under either (a) or (b) above, when he or she is notified by the Company of his or her eligibility to receive Benefits under the Plan.

2.2    Enrollment. An employee of the Company who first becomes eligible to participate in the Plan pursuant to Section 2.1 shall be eligible to participate in the Plan effective on the date of such employee’s hire or promotion in accordance with Section 2.1.




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ARTICLE III
BENEFITS AND BENEFIT LIMITATIONS

3.1    Active Participant Benefits. A Participant who is actively at work (or on a Company-approved absence of up to six (6) consecutive months due to vacation, paid holidays, sick leave, short term disability, Family and Medical Leave or unpaid leave) for at least one day during a Plan Year shall be entitled to receive the following Benefits in the form of services to be rendered during such Plan Year:

    (a)    One or more financial consulting service programs, as determined by the Company in the Company's sole discretion, which may include cash and debt management review, education and major goal funding review, asset allocation and investments review, stock option planning, retirement planning, income tax planning, estate and charitable giving planning, insurance and risk management review, compensation and benefits review and net worth review ("Active Participant Financial Consulting Services Benefit"); and

    (b)    Tax preparation services, as determined by the Company in the Company's sole discretion, which include the preparation of annual income tax returns to be filed during such Plan Year ("Active Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit").

3.2    Retired Participant Benefits. A Participant who incurs a Retirement shall be entitled to receive the following Benefit in the Plan Year immediately following the Plan Year in which he or she retires: tax preparation services, which include the preparation of annual income tax returns to be filed during the Plan Year following the Plan Year in which the Participant retires ("Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit").

3.3    Limitations on Benefits. Benefits under the Plan may be provided by internal Company resources, including the Company's Personal Financial Services' Financial Consulting Division and Personal Tax Services Division, or may be provided by an unrelated third party organization but only if the Participant obtains the Company's advance written approval to use the services of such third party organization. The Company may impose an annual dollar limitation or limitations on the Company's payment or reimbursement of expenses for the provision of the Active Participant Financial Consulting Services Benefit, the Active Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit and the Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit. Benefits are provided only for Participants and their Spouses, and the Plan does not provide nor will the Company pay or reimburse expenses for services for any other individual including but not limited to Participants' children, other family members or domestic employees. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, (a) the amount of payments or reimbursements made by the Company to or on behalf of a Participant for a Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit during any taxable year of the Participant shall not affect the amount of payments or reimbursements made by the Company to or on behalf such Participant for

- 3 -


any Benefits in any other taxable year of the Participant, and (b) any Benefit provided to or on behalf of the Participant in any other taxable year of the Participant shall not affect the amount of payments or reimbursements made by the Company to or on behalf of the Participant for a Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit.

3.4    Limitation on Payments and Reimbursements of Active Participant Benefits. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, any payments or reimbursements made by the Company to or on behalf of a Participant for an Active Participant Financial Consulting Services Benefit or an Active Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit (an "Active Participant Benefit") provided in a Plan Year under the Plan shall be made by the later of:

    (a)    the 15th day of the third month following the Participant's first taxable year in which such Active Participant Benefit is no longer subject to a substantial risk of forfeiture; or

    (b)    the 15th day of the third month following the end of the Company's first taxable year in which such Active Participant Benefit is no longer subject to a substantial risk forfeiture.

    (c)    It is intended that the application of the foregoing provisions of this Section 3.4 cause all payments and reimbursements made by the Company for Active Participant Benefits provided under the Plan to be short-term deferrals for purposes of the regulations issued under Section 409A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and such provisions shall be interpreted in all events in a manner consistent with such intent, so that Section 409A shall have no application to the Active Participant Benefits provided under the Plan.

3.5    Limitations on Payments and Reimbursements of Retired Participant Benefits.

    (a)    Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, any payments or reimbursements made by the Company to or on behalf of a Participant for a Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit provided in the Plan Year immediately following the Plan Year in which such Participant retires shall be made on or before the last day of the Participant's taxable year following the taxable year in which the expense for such Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit was incurred; provided, however, that if such Participant is a Key Employee, any payments or reimbursements subject to Section 409A to or on behalf of the Participant for a Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit shall in no event be made earlier than the date which is six months and one day following the date the Participant separates from service with the Company (within the meaning of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(A)(i) and regulations promulgated thereunder). The Participant's right to payments or reimbursements by the Company of Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefits is not

- 4 -


subject to liquidation or exchange for any other benefit under the Plan or otherwise.

    (b)    The Company shall identify Key Employees annually as described in this Section 3.5(b). The Specified Employee Identification Date, as defined in Treas. Reg §1.409A-1(i)(3), to be used in determining Key Employees of the Company shall be September 30 of any Plan Year. The January 1 of the Plan Year next following that Plan Year shall be the Specified Employee Effective Date, as defined in Treas. Reg §1.409A-1(i)(4), for Participants identified as Key Employees on the immediately preceding Specified Employee Identification Date. Participants identified as Key Employees on a Specified Employee Identification Date (September 30) shall be treated as Key Employees under the Plan for the 12-month period beginning on the Specified Employee Effective Date (January 1) next following such Specified Employee Identification Date.

3.6    Employment Termination for Reasons other than Retirement. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, if a Participant terminates employment with the Company prior to the end of any Plan Year for any reason other than retirement pursuant to Section 3.2, payment or reimbursement by the Company of the Participant's Active Participant Benefit for such Plan Year (to the extent not already paid or reimbursed by the Company) shall be prorated based on a fraction, the numerator of which is the number of months in which the Participant participated in the Plan as an employee of the Company for at least one day in each such month during such Plan Year and the denominator of which is twelve (12).


ARTICLE IV
ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN

4.1    Terms Include Authorized Delegates. Where appropriate, the terms "Company" or "Corporation" as used in the Plan shall also include any applicable subcommittee or any duly authorized delegate of the Company or the Corporation, as the case may be. Such duly authorized delegate may be an individual or an organization within the Company or the Corporation or may be an unrelated third party individual or organization.

4.2    Authority of the Company. The Company shall administer the Plan and shall have full power and discretion to select employees for participation in the Plan and to determine the terms and conditions of each employee's participation; to construe and interpret the Plan and any agreement or instrument entered into hereunder; to determine eligibility for Benefits; and to establish, amend, or waive rules and regulations for the Plan's administration. Further, the Company shall have full power and discretion to make any other determination which may be necessary or advisable for the Plan's administration.

4.3    Decisions Binding. All determinations and decisions made by the Company pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, and all related orders, resolutions or actions of the Board, the

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Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the Executive Vice President and Human Resources Department Head of the Corporation (or the duly authorized designee of either of the latter two individuals) shall be final, conclusive, and binding on all persons, including the Company, its stockholders, employees, Participants, Spouses and their estates and beneficiaries.


ARTICLE V
AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION

5.1    Amendment or Termination. The Corporation has set no termination date for the Plan, but reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan when, in the sole discretion of the Corporation, such amendment or termination is advisable.

        (a)    Any such termination shall be made by action of the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board (or by action of the Board if the Compensation and Benefits Committee is unavailable or unable to act for any reason) and shall be effective as of the date set forth in such resolution.

        (b)    Any such amendment shall be made in accordance with the following:

            (i)    material amendments to the Plan shall be made by action of the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board (or by action of the Board, if the Compensation and Benefits Committee is unavailable or unable to act for any reason); and

            (ii)    (A) non-material or administrative amendments to the Plan or (B) any amendment to the Plan deemed required, authorized or desirable under applicable statutes, regulations or rulings, shall be made by action of either the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the Corporation (or either of their duly authorized designees).




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ARTICLE VI
GENERAL PROVISIONS

6.1    Taxation and Tax Withholding. Payments and/or reimbursement of expenses made by the Company for Benefits provided to or on behalf of a Participant under the Plan shall be taxable to such Participant in accordance with applicable law. The Company shall have the right to withhold from the Participant's compensation amounts sufficient to satisfy all Federal, State and local tax withholding requirements applicable to payments and reimbursements for Benefits provided under the Plan.

6.2    No Guaranty of Benefits. Nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guaranty by the Company or any other person or entity that the assets of the Company will be sufficient to pay any Benefit hereunder.

6.3    No Enlargement of Employee Rights. No Participant shall have any right to receive Benefits under the Plan except in accordance with the terms of the Plan. Establishment of the Plan shall not be construed to give any Participant the right to be retained in the service of the Company.

6.4    Applicable Law. To the extent not preempted by Federal law, the Plan shall be construed and administered under the laws of the State of Illinois.

6.5    Electronic or Telephonic Notices. Any election, notice, direction or other such action required or permitted to be made in writing under the Plan may also be made electronically, telephonically or otherwise, to the extent then permitted by applicable law and the administrative rules prescribed by the Company.

6.6    Limitations on Liability. Notwithstanding any of the preceding provisions of the Plan, neither the Corporation, the Company, nor any individual acting as an employee or agent of the Corporation or the Company, shall be liable to any Participant, former Participant, Spouse or any other person for any claim, loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with the Plan.

6.7    Gender; Headings. Words in the masculine gender shall include the feminine and the singular shall include the plural, and vice versa, unless qualified by the context. Any headings used herein are included for ease of reference only, and are not to be construed so as to alter the terms hereof.

6.8    Exemption from or Compliance with Code Section 409A. The Active Participant Benefits provided under the Plan are intended to be exempt from, and the Retired Participant Tax Preparation Services Benefit is intended to comply in all applicable respects with, the requirements of Code Section 409A, and the Plan shall be construed and administered so as to cause such Benefits to be exempt from or comply with that Code section, respectively, as applicable.


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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Northern Trust Corporation has caused this amendment and restatement of the Plan to be executed on its behalf by its duly authorized officer this 20th day of July 2021, effective January 1, 2021 (or as of such other dates as are noted herein).

    NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION



    By: /s/ Joyce St. Clair                
    Name:    Joyce St. Clair
    Title:    Executive Vice President and
        Chief Human Resources Officer


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Exhibit 10.2
NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION
DEFERRED COMPENSATION PLAN
(As Amended and Restated Effective as of October 18, 2021)


INTRODUCTION

The Northern Trust Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan (the “Plan”) was established by Northern Trust Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “Corporation”) effective as of May 1, 1998. The primary purpose of the Plan is to provide a select group of management or highly compensated employees of the Corporation (and its subsidiaries and affiliates) with the opportunity to voluntarily defer all or a portion of their Incentive Compensation (as defined in Article I below). The Plan is also intended to provide Participants in the Plan with the ability to save on a tax-deferred basis. The Plan was most recently amended and restated effective as of November 1, 2017. The Corporation now hereby amends and restates the Plan, generally effective October 18, 2021, with respect to amounts attributable to services performed in 2022 and years thereafter, except as otherwise indicated (with such other effective dates as are noted herein) to make certain design changes and to update the Plan for changes in the regulations under Code Section 409A.


ARTICLE I
DEFINITIONS

Wherever used herein the following terms shall have the meanings hereinafter set forth:

1.1    “Assigned Base Salary” means the regular annual base wage rate of the Participant, excluding overtime wages or wages related to shift differential.

1.2    “Beneficiary” means any person eligible to receive a death benefit under the respective Incentive Compensation Plan as designated by the Participant or otherwise provided under such Incentive Compensation Plan, in the event of the death of the Participant.

1.3    “Board” means the Board of Directors of the Corporation.

1.4    A “Change in Control” shall be deemed to have occurred if the event set forth in any one of the following paragraphs shall have occurred:

    (a)    any Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from the Corporation or its Affiliates) representing 30% or more of the combined voting power of the Corporation's then outstanding securities, excluding any Person who becomes such a Beneficial Owner in connection with a transaction described in clause (i) of paragraph (c) below;




    (b)    the election to the Board, without the recommendation or approval of two-thirds of the incumbent Board, of directors constituting a majority of the number of directors of the Corporation then in office, provided, however, that directors whose initial assumption of office is in connection with an actual or threatened election contest, including but not limited to a consent solicitation, relating to the election of directors of the Corporation will not be considered as incumbent members of the Board for purposes of this section; or

    (c)    there is consummated a merger or consolidation of the Corporation or any direct or indirect Subsidiary of the Corporation with any other company, other than (i) a merger or consolidation which would result in the voting securities of the Corporation outstanding immediately prior to such merger or consolidation continuing to represent (either by remaining outstanding or by being converted into voting securities of the surviving entity or any parent thereof), at least 60% of the combined voting power of the securities of the Corporation or such surviving entity or any parent thereof outstanding immediately after such merger or consolidation, or (ii) a merger or consolidation effected to implement a recapitalization of the Corporation (or similar transaction) in which no Person is or becomes the Beneficial Owner, directly or indirectly, of securities of the Corporation (not including in the securities beneficially owned by such Person any securities acquired directly from the Corporation or its Affiliates) representing 20% or more of the combined voting power of the Corporation's then outstanding securities; or

    (d)    there is consummated the sale or disposition by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets, other than a sale or disposition by the Corporation of all or substantially all of the Corporation's assets to an entity, at least 60% of the combined voting power of the voting securities of which are owned by stockholders of the Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of the Corporation immediately prior to such sale or the stockholders of the Corporation approve a plan of complete liquidation or dissolution of the Corporation.

    Notwithstanding the foregoing, a “Change in Control” shall not be deemed to have occurred by virtue of the consummation of any transaction or series of integrated transactions immediately following which the record holders of the common stock of the Corporation immediately prior to such transaction or series of transactions continue to have substantially the same proportionate ownership in an entity which owns all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation immediately following such transaction or series of transactions.

    For purposes of this Section 1.4 the following definitions shall apply:


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“Affiliate” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 12b-2 under Section 12 of the Exchange Act; “Beneficial Owner” shall have the meaning set forth in Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, except that a Person shall not be deemed to be the Beneficial Owner of any securities with respect to which such Person has properly filed a Form 13-G; “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and “Person” shall have the meaning given in Section 3(a)(9) of the Exchange Act, as modified and used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) thereof, except that such term shall not include (i) the Corporation or any of its Affiliates, (ii) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries, (iii) an underwriter temporarily holding securities pursuant to an offering of such securities or (iv) a corporation owned, directly or indirectly, by the stockholders of the Corporation in substantially the same proportions as their ownership of stock of the Corporation. “Subsidiary” shall mean any corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture or similar entity in which the Corporation owns, directly or indirectly, an equity interest possessing more than 50% of the combined voting power of the total outstanding equity interests of such entity.

1.5    “Code” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time.

1.6    “Committee” means the Employee Benefit Administrative Committee, which has the responsibility for administering various benefit plans of the Company, as constituted from time to time.

1.7    “Company” means The Northern Trust Company, an Illinois banking corporation; the Corporation; and such U.S. Related Companies as shall, with the consent of the Board, adopt the Plan.

1.8    “Corporation” means Northern Trust Corporation, a Delaware corporation, and, to the extent provided in Section 8.8 below, any successor corporation or other entity resulting from a merger or consolidation into or with the Corporation or a transfer or sale of substantially all of the assets of the Corporation.

1.9    “Deferred Compensation Account” means an individual bookkeeping account for each Participant established hereunder.

1.10    “Early Retirement Age” means the Participant’s age upon the date the Participant has both attained at least age 55 and earned 15 or more years of “Credited Service” as defined under the Pension Plan, provided, however, that in the case of amounts credited to a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account that are attributable to services performed prior to 2018, “Early Retirement Age” shall have the meaning assigned to it under the Plan as in effect prior to November 1, 2017.


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1.11    “Effective Date” means October 18, 2021, for the amended and restated Plan. The original effective date of the Plan was May 1, 1998.

1.12    “409A Amount” means the portion of the Deferred Compensation Account of a Participant that consists of amounts deferred in taxable years beginning after December 31, 2004, and earnings on such amounts, as determined in accordance with Code Section 409A and applicable regulations and other guidance promulgated thereunder. The portion, if any, of a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account that consists of amounts deferred on or before December 31, 2004, and earnings on such amounts, is referred to herein as the Participant’s “Grandfathered Amount.” An amount is considered deferred on or before December 31, 2004, if on or before that date the Participant had a legally binding right to be paid the amount, and the right to the amount was earned and vested. “409A Amount attributable to services performed prior to 2018” means all amounts credited to a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account that are attributable to services performed prior to 2018, excluding any Grandfathered Amounts.

1.13    “Incentive Compensation” means cash compensation earned pursuant to the Incentive Compensation Plans.

1.14    “Incentive Compensation Plans” means the Partners Incentive Plan, the Management Performance Plan and/or any other bonus program defined by the Company to be included.

1.15    “Initial Plan Year” means the eight-consecutive-month period commencing on the original effective date and ending on December 31, 1998.

1.16    “Investment Committee” means the Employee Benefit Investment Committee of the Company, as constituted from time to time, which has the investment responsibilities specifically assigned to it under Article IV.

1.17    “Key Employee” means a Participant who is a “specified employee” within the meaning of Code Section 409A(a)(2)(B)(i). The Company’s Key Employees shall be identified annually pursuant to Section 5.7.

1.18    “Normal Retirement Age” means age 65, provided that in the case of an individual who commences participation in the Pension Plan after his sixtieth (60th) birthday, the individual’s “Normal Retirement Age” shall mean his age on the earlier of (i) the fifth (5th) anniversary of the date the individual commenced participation in the Pension Plan, or (ii) the date the individual completes five (5) years of “Vesting Service,” as defined under the Pension Plan.

1.19    “Participant” means an employee of the Company (a) who resides in the United States or is a United States expatriate on temporary foreign assignment, (b) who is eligible to participate in the Plan in accordance with Article II and (c) who has a Deferred Compensation Account under the Plan; provided, that the following shall not be considered Participants: (i) an employee employed by any office or branch of the

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Company located in a foreign country who, as to the United States, is a nonresident alien, and (ii) an employee who (A) as to the United States, is a foreign national, (B) is working for the Company at a location located in the United States, and (C) is covered by a retirement plan sponsored by a non-U.S. affiliate of the Corporation in the country in which that affiliate is located.

1.20    “Pension Plan” means The Northern Trust Company Pension Plan, as amended from time to time.

1.21    “Plan” means the Northern Trust Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended from time to time.

1.22    “Plan Year” means the calendar year.

1.23    “Postponed Retirement Age” means the Participant’s age after Normal Retirement Age when such Participant incurs a Break in Service.

1.24    “Related Company” means any person with whom the Company is considered to be a single employer under Section 414(b) of the Code and all persons with whom the Company would be considered a single employer under Code Section 414(c), substituting 50% for the 80% standard that would otherwise apply.

1.25    “Retirement Deferral” means the category of deferral described in Section 5.1(a).

1.26    “Retirement Date” means the date, if any, of the Participant’s Separation from Service after reaching the Participant’s Normal, Early or Postponed Retirement Age.

1.27    “Retirement Distribution Date” means the last business day of the 12th month following the month in which the Participant’s Retirement Date occurs.

1.28    “Separation from Service” means a Participant’s termination of employment with the Company for any reason other than death. A termination of employment will be deemed to occur when the Company and the Participant reasonably anticipate that the level of bona fide services the Participant will perform for the Company (whether as an employee or an independent contractor, but not as a director) after a certain date will permanently decrease to less than 50 percent of the average level of bona fide services performed by the Participant for the Company (as an employee or independent contractor, but not as a director) in the immediately preceding 36 months (or the full period of the Participant’s services to the Company if the Participant has been providing services to the Company for less than 36 months), determined in accordance with Treas. Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(h). The employment relationship will be treated as continuing intact while the Participant is on a bona fide leave of absence (determined in accordance with Treas. Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(h)), but (a) only if there is a reasonable expectation that the Participant will return to active employment status, and (b) only to the extent that such leave of absence does not exceed 6 months, or, if longer, for so long as the Participant has a statutory or

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contractual right to reemployment. For purposes of this Section 1.28, references to the Company shall include the Company and all Related Companies.

1.29    Short-Term Deferral means the category of deferral described in Section 5.1(b).

1.30    “Short-Term Distribution Date” means the last business day of January of any Plan Year as provided under Section 5.1 of the Plan and as irrevocably set forth in each of the Participant’s Short-Term Deferral election forms.


ARTICLE II
ELIGIBILITY

2.1    Conditions for Deferrals for 1998 and 1999 Incentive Compensation Payments. For Incentive Compensation which otherwise would be paid during the 1998 or 1999 Plan Years, an employee of the Company who participates in an Incentive Compensation Plan and (i) whose Assigned Base Salary, determined as of April 1, 1998, is at least $100,000, or (ii) whose Assigned Base Salary determined as of April 1, 1998 plus Incentive Compensation paid under the Incentive Compensation Plans during the period commencing on April 1, 1997 and ending on March 31, 1998 is at least $150,000, shall be eligible to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan.

2.2    Conditions for Deferrals for 2000 through 2022. For Plan Years beginning after 1999 and prior to 2021, the Plan required that the Participant’s Assigned Base Salary or Assigned Based Salary plus Incentive Compensation meet certain dollar thresholds described in the Plan (or such other amount as the Committee determined). For Incentive Compensation attributable to services performed in the 2021 or 2021 Plan Years, an employee of the Company who participates in an Incentive Compensation Plan for each such year and whose Assigned Base Salary, determined as of November 15, 2020, was at least $200,000 was eligible to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan for 2021. For Incentive Compensation attributable to services performed in the 2022 Plan Year, an employee of the Company who participates in an Incentive Compensation plan for such year and whose Assigned Base Salary, determined as of November 15, 2021 is at least $200,000 shall be eligible to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan for 2022.

2.3    Conditions for Deferrals in Subsequent Plan Years. For Incentive Compensation attributable to services performed in the 2023 Plan Year and each subsequent Plan Year, an employee of the Company who participates in an Incentive Compensation Plan for such year and whose Assigned Base Salary, determined as of November 15 immediately preceding such year, is at least equal to an amount as the Committee, or its delegate, shall from time to time determine, shall be eligible to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan for such year.





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ARTICLE III
DEFERRAL OPPORTUNITY

3.1    Amount Which May Be Deferred. Each Participant may elect to defer all or a portion of his or her annual Incentive Compensation as determined by the Committee; provided, however, the amount of each deferral for each payment of Incentive Compensation shall be at least $2,500. Participants shall always be one hundred percent (100%) vested in the amount they defer.

3.2    Deferral Election. Participants shall make the election to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan on a Deferral Election Form within such dates as the Committee from time to time establishes; provided, that any such election must be made on or before December 31 of the Participant’s taxable year preceding the taxable year in which the Participant performs the services that give rise to the Incentive Compensation to be deferred. Participants shall make the following determinations on each Deferral Election Form, which determinations shall become irrevocable on December 31 of the Plan Year in which the election is made (or such earlier date in that Plan Year as the Committee may determine):

    (a)    the amount to be deferred with respect to the Participant’s Incentive Compensation to which the election applies pursuant to the terms of Sections 3.1 and 3.2 herein;

    (b)    with respect to the automatic Retirement Deferral election described in Section 5.1(a), the date as of which payments are to commence in accordance with Section 5.1(a) and the form in which such benefits are to be paid in accordance with Section 5.2, subject to the terms and conditions of Article V; and

    (c)    if the Participant is making an optional Short-Term Deferral election described in Section 5.1(b), the Short-Term Distribution Date on which such Short-Term Deferral is to be paid in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions of Article V.

3.3    Partial Year Employment and Initial Election. An employee who commences employment with the Company after the beginning of a Plan Year shall not be permitted to make an election to defer Incentive Compensation attributable to services performed in such Plan Year. Further, an employee who commences employment with the Company after November 15 of any Plan Year (or such other date as the Company may determine in its sole discretion) shall not be eligible under Sections 2.2 or 2.3 to defer Incentive Compensation attributable to services performed in the subsequent Plan Year.

3.4    Disability or Other Absence. Subject to Section 5.1(d), if the Participant experiences a disability, all previous Deferral Elections will remain in force unless the Committee, in its sole discretion, determines that the Participant has incurred an unforeseeable emergency pursuant to Section 5.3 of the Plan, in which case it will waive, upon the Participant’s

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request, such election(s). Subject to the foregoing, if the Participant takes a paid or unpaid leave of absence, all previous Deferral Elections will remain in full force.


ARTICLE IV
INVESTMENT OF DEFERRED INCENTIVE COMPENSATION

4.1     Investment Options/Earnings Credited to Participant Accounts. The Deferred Compensation Account of each Participant shall be a notional account. All amounts credited to such accounts shall be bookkeeping entries only. The Investment Committee may permit Participants to select among certain investment alternatives designated by the Investment Committee, and amounts credited to Participant Deferred Compensation Accounts shall be treated as if they were invested in such investment alternatives and shall be credited with earnings based on the performance of such investment alternatives.

4.2    A Participant may transfer amounts credited to the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account among the investment alternatives specified by the Investment Committee in accordance with such rules and requirements as established by the Investment Committee on a uniform and nondiscriminatory basis. Transfers among investment alternatives shall generally be made effective on the business day following the business day a transfer election is filed, subject to the Investment Committee’s discretion to suspend transfers in the event of market disruption or such other factor that the Investment Committee deems relevant.

4.3    Participant Statements. Statements that identify the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account balance shall be provided, or made available, to Participants no less frequently than annually.

4.4    Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, for a period of two years after the date of an occurrence of a Change in Control, neither the Investment Committee, nor the Company or Corporation or any successor of any of the foregoing, shall eliminate any of the investment alternatives and elections that were in effect immediately prior to the Change in Control and shall not decrease the frequency with which Participants may change investment elections. Notwithstanding the foregoing, in the event that an investment alternative is discontinued by its sponsor and therefore becomes unavailable to Participants, the Investment Committee or its successor shall provide a substitute alternative with substantially similar investment objectives and policies.

4.5    Valuation of Deferred Compensation Accounts. Participants’ Deferred Compensation Accounts shall be valued as of each business day.




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ARTICLE V
DISTRIBUTIONS AND LIMITS ON DISTRIBUTIONS

5.1    Deferral Period. Pursuant to Section 3.2, each Participant shall irrevocably elect the Deferral Period for the Incentive Compensation payments deferred in any Plan Year, as described below:

    (a)    Automatic Retirement Deferral Election. Subject to Section 5.1(b), each Participant shall be deemed to irrevocably elect, with respect to the Incentive Compensation payments deferred in any Plan Year under Section 3.2, a Retirement Deferral, pursuant to which payments under the Plan shall commence, provided that the Participant incurs a Retirement Date and subject to Section 5.6, (i) either (A) within sixty (60) days of the Participant’s Retirement Date, or (B) on the Retirement Distribution Date, and (ii) in the form elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 5.2 of the Plan, each as elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 3.2 (provided, however, that payments must commence in accordance with clause (i)(B) of this Section 5.1(a) if the Participant elects to receive payment in the form provided under Section 5.2(b)). Any election by the Participant to defer Incentive Compensation under Section 3.2 and this Section 5.1 shall not be effective unless the Participant completes the elections described in clauses (i) and (ii) of this Section 5.1(a).

    (b)    Optional Short-Term Deferral Election. In addition to the automatic Retirement Deferral election described in Section 5.1(a), each Participant may also irrevocably elect, with respect to the Incentive Compensation payments deferred in any Plan Year, a Short-Term Deferral, pursuant to which payments under the Plan shall commence only in the form provided under Section 5.2(a) of this Plan on any Short-Term Distribution Date elected by the Participant, provided that such Short-Term Distribution Date shall be no earlier than the Short-Term Distribution Date that is subsequent to three (3) Plan Years following the end of the Plan Year in which the Incentive Compensation would have otherwise been paid to the Participant,1 and provided that such Short-Term Distribution Date occurs prior to the Participant’s Separation from Service. In all events, if a Participant’s Separation from Service occurs prior to the Participant’s Short-Term Distribution Date, the Participant’s Incentive Compensation will be distributed in accordance with Section 5.1(a) or Section 5.1(d), as applicable.
1 Example: Incentive Compensation earned with respect to services performed in 2018 would normally be paid in February of 2019. A Short Term Deferral with respect to this amount would have to be filed by December 31, 2017, and would have to defer receipt until the Distribution Date in February 2023 as that is the Distribution Date that is subsequent to the three Plan Year (2020, 2021 and 2022) following the Plan Year in which the Incentive Compensation would be paid.


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    (c)    Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, Incentive Compensation paid after a Participant’s Retirement Date, other Separation from Service or death, is not eligible for deferral and will not be deferred, regardless of the Participant’s prior Deferral Election.

    (d)    Notwithstanding any Deferral Period(s) elected by a Participant pursuant to Section 3.2(b) or 3.2(c), as applicable, and this Section 5.1, and subject to Section 5.6, if a Participant has a Separation from Service prior to Early Retirement Age and prior to the Short-Term Distribution Date, if any, elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 5.1(b),

        (i)    such Participant shall be paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such Separation from Service; or

        (ii)    (A)    with respect to a Participant’s 409A Amount, if the Participant has been on disability leave for a period of six (6) months and the Participant does not retain a right to reemployment under an applicable statute or by contract, such Participant’s 409A Amount shall be paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such six (6) month disability period has elapsed; and

            (B)    with respect to a Participant’s Grandfathered Amount, if any, if the Participant has been on disability leave for a period of twelve (12) months, such Participant’s Grandfathered Amount shall be paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such twelve (12) month disability period has elapsed.

    For purposes of this Section 5.1(d), the amount distributed shall be an amount equal to the value of the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account on the last business day of the month preceding the date of payment.

5.2    Payment of Deferred Amounts. Subject to Section 5.6(d), payment of a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account under the Plan shall be made in cash in one of the following forms irrevocably elected by the Participant pursuant to Sections 3.2(b) and 5.1:

    (a)    Lump Sum Payment. Payments shall be made in one (1) lump sum in an amount equal to the value of the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account (i) in the case of payment pursuant to an election made under Sections 3.2(b) and

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5.1(a)(i)(A), on the last business day of the month preceding the date of payment; (ii) in the case of payment pursuant to an election to commence payment under Sections 3.2(b) and 5.1(a)(i)(B) in the form of a lump sum, on the Retirement Distribution Date; and (iii) in the case of payment pursuant to an election made under Section 5.1(b) on the Short-Term Distribution Date.

    (b)    Installment Payments. Payments shall be made in either five (5) or ten (10) annual installments, as irrevocably elected by the Participant. Subject to Section 5.6, the initial payment shall be made on the Retirement Distribution Date. The remaining installment payments shall be made in the form of cash each year thereafter on the anniversary date of the Retirement Distribution Date (notwithstanding any delay of an initial payment due to the application of Section 5.6), until the Participant’s entire Deferred Compensation Account has been paid. The amount of each installment payment shall be equal to value of the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account on the Retirement Distribution Date or anniversary date thereof. as applicable (or if that day is not a business day, then on the immediately preceding business day), multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one (1), and the denominator of which is the number of installment payments remaining.

    For purposes of this Plan, an amount shall be deemed distributed on the Short-Term Distribution Date, Retirement Distribution Date or the anniversary of a Retirement Distribution Date, as applicable, if it is distributed no later than the last day of the calendar year in which such applicable date occurs or, if later, by the 15th day of the third calendar month after such applicable date occurs, subject to and in accordance with the provisions of Treasury Regulation section 1.409A-3(d), including without limitation the requirement that the employee shall in no event have the right directly or indirectly to designate the taxable year of payment.

5.3    Unforeseeable Emergency. The Committee shall have the sole authority to alter the timing or manner of payment of amounts from a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account in the event that the Participant establishes, to the satisfaction of the Committee that the Participant has experienced an unforeseeable emergency, as defined in Treas. Reg. Sec. 1.409A-3(i)(3)(i). In such event, the Committee may, upon the request of the Participant:

    (a)    Provide that all or a portion of the amount previously deferred by the Participant immediately shall be paid to the Participant in a lump sum payment; or

    (b)     Provide that all or a portion of the installments payable over a period of time immediately shall be paid to the Participant in a lump sum payment.


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    However, the amount distributed pursuant to this Section 5.3 shall not exceed the amount that is reasonably necessary for the Participant to satisfy the emergency need at the time of distribution, as determined by the Committee in its sole discretion. In determining the amount reasonably necessary to satisfy a Participant’s emergency need, the Committee must take into account any additional compensation that is available to the Participant if the Committee has waived the Participant’s previous Deferral Elections upon the Participant’s request pursuant to Section 3.4.

    The Committee shall determine whether the Participant has experienced an unforeseeable emergency based on the relevant facts and circumstances. An unforeseeable emergency will be deemed to exist in the event of an illness or accident of the Participant or the Participant’s dependent (as defined in Section 152(a) of the Code, without regard to Sections 152(b)(1), (b)(2) and (d)(1)(B)), loss of the Participant’s property due to casualty, or other similar unforeseeable and extraordinary circumstances arising as a result of events beyond the control of the Participant. The Committee’s decision with respect to whether the Participant has experienced an unforeseeable emergency and the manner in which, if at all, the payment of deferred amounts shall be altered or modified, shall be final, conclusive, and not subject to appeal.

    Notwithstanding anything in this Section 5.3 to the contrary, no amounts may be distributed on account of this Section 5.3 if such unforeseeable emergency may be relieved:

    (i)    Through reimbursement or compensation by insurance or otherwise;

    (ii)    By liquidation of the Participant’s assets, to the extent the liquidation of such assets would not itself cause severe financial hardship; or

    (iii)    By cessation of deferrals under the Plan.

5.4    Maximum Deductible Amount. An amount that would otherwise be paid from the Deferred Compensation Account of a Participant in a given Plan Year may be delayed to the extent that the Company reasonably anticipates that if the payment were made as scheduled the Company’s deduction with respect to such payment would not be permitted due to the application of Code Section 162(m). Subject to the first sentence of Section 5.5, amounts not paid as a result of the above limitation shall be paid in the earlier of (a) the Company’s first taxable year in which the Company reasonably anticipates that if the payment is made during such year the deduction of such payment will not be barred by application of Section 162(m), or (b) the period beginning with the date of the Participant’s Separation from Service or death, and ending on the later of (i) the last day of the taxable year of the Company in which the Participant incurs a Separation from Service or dies, or (ii) the 15th day of the third month following the Participant’s Separation from Service or death.

5.5    Death of Participant. A Participant, who at the time of his death is employed by the Company or any Related Company and who dies before a complete distribution of his

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Deferred Compensation Account has been made to him, or who has a Separation from Service and subsequently dies before a complete distribution of his Deferred Compensation Account has been paid to him, shall have his remaining Deferred Compensation Account distributed in cash in one (1) lump sum to his Beneficiary. Such distribution shall be made any time during the period beginning on the date of death and ending on December 31 of the first calendar year following the calendar year in which the Participant’s death occurs.

5.6    Limits on Distributions to Key Employees. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, including without limitation Section 5.3, if a Participant is a Key Employee, any distribution of a 409A Amount to such Participant due to the Participant’s Separation from Service that would otherwise be made during the six months following such Separation from Service shall in no event be made earlier than the earlier of (i) the date that is six months and one day following such Separation from Service, or (ii) the Participant’s death.

5.7    Annual Identification of Key Employees. The Specified Employee Identification Date, as defined in Treas. Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(i)(3), to be used in determining Key Employees of the Company shall be September 30 of any Plan Year. The January 1 of the Plan Year next following that Plan Year shall be the Specified Employee Effective Date, as defined in Treas. Reg. Sec. 1.409A-1(i)(4), for Participants identified as Key Employees on the immediately preceding Specified Employee Identification Date. Participants identified as Key Employees on a Specified Employee Identification Date (September 30) shall be treated as Key Employees under the Plan for the 12-month period beginning on the Specified Employee Effective Date (January 1) next following such Specified Employee Identification Date.

5.8    Grandfathered Amount. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a Participant’s Grandfathered Amount, if any, shall be paid at the time and in the form determined under the Plan as in effect October 3, 2004.

5.9    409A Amounts Attributable to Service Prior to 2018. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, a Participant’s 409A amounts attributable to services performed prior to 2018 shall be paid at the time and in the form determined under the Plan as in effect prior to November 1, 2017, which are described in Supplement 2; provided, however that amounts payable on account of the death of Participant shall be paid in accordance with Section 5.5



ARTICLE VI
ADMINISTRATION OF THE PLAN

6.1    Terms Include Authorized Delegates. Where appropriate, the terms “Company,” “Corporation,” “Committee” or “Investment Committee” as used in this Plan shall also include any applicable subcommittee or any duly authorized delegate of the Company,

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the Corporation, the Committee or the Investment Committee, as the case may be. Such duly authorized delegate may be an individual or an organization within the Company, the Corporation, the Committee or the Investment Committee, or may be an unrelated third party individual or organization.

6.2    Authority of the Committees. The Committee shall administer the Plan and shall have full power to select employees for participation in the Plan and to determine the terms and conditions of each employee’s participation; to construe and interpret the Plan and any agreement or instrument entered into hereunder; and to establish, amend, or waive rules and regulations for the Plan’s administration. Further, the Committee shall have full power to make any other determination which may be necessary or advisable for the Plan’s administration. The Investment Committee shall have those powers set forth in Section 4.1 of the Plan.

6.3    Decisions Binding. Subject to the provisions of Article VII, all determinations and decisions made by the Committee or the Investment Committee pursuant to the provisions of the Plan, and all related orders, resolutions or actions of the Board, the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board, the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the Corporation (or the duly authorized designee of either of the latter two individuals) shall be final, conclusive, and binding on all persons, including the Company, its stockholders, employees, Participants, and their estates and beneficiaries.


ARTICLE VII
AMENDMENT OR TERMINATION

7.1    Amendment or Termination. The Corporation has set no termination date for the Plan but reserves the right to amend or terminate the Plan when, in the sole discretion of the Corporation, such amendment or termination is advisable.

        (a)    Any such termination shall be made by action of the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board (or by action of the Board if the Compensation and Benefits Committee is unavailable or unable to act for any reason) and shall be effective as of the date set forth in such resolution.

        (b)    Any such amendment shall be made in accordance with the following:

            (i)    material amendments to the Plan shall be made by action of the Compensation and Benefits Committee of the Board (or by action of the Board, if the Compensation and Benefits Committee is unavailable or unable to act for any reason); and


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            (ii)    (A) non-material or administrative amendments to the Plan or (B) any amendment to the Plan deemed required, authorized or desirable under applicable statutes, regulations or rulings, shall be made by action of either the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation or the Executive Vice President and Chief Human Resources Officer of the Corporation (or either of their duly authorized designees).

7.2    Effect of Amendment or Termination. No amendment or termination of the Plan shall directly or indirectly reduce the balance of any deferred compensation held hereunder as of the effective date of such amendment or termination. Upon termination of the Plan, distribution of amounts in a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account shall be made to him or his Beneficiary in the manner and at the time described in Article V of the Plan. No additional credits shall be made to the Deferred Compensation Account of a Participant for any Plan Year beginning after the termination of the Plan, but the Company shall continue to credit gains and losses attributable to investments made pursuant to Section 4.1 to such Deferred Compensation Account until the balance of such Account has been fully distributed to the Participant or his Beneficiary.

7.3    Amendments Necessary to Satisfy Code Section 409A. Anything in the preceding Sections 7.1 or 7.2 or elsewhere in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding:

    (a)    the Plan may be amended in any manner necessary to ensure that the Plan complies in all applicable respects with Code Section 409A; and

    (b)    the Plan may not be amended in any manner that would cause the Plan to fail to comply in any applicable respect with Code Section 409A.


ARTICLE VIII
GENERAL PROVISIONS

8.1    Plan Unfunded/Participant’s Rights Unsecured. The Plan at all times shall be entirely unfunded and no provision shall at any time be made with respect to segregating any assets of the Company for payment of any benefits hereunder. The Company shall contribute assets to a rabbi trust described in Revenue Procedure 92-64 (the “Trust”) for the purpose of paying benefits under this Plan, and if and to the extent that the Company does so, benefits under the Plan shall be payable pursuant to and in accordance with the Trust Agreement, which shall in all events provide that all assets held thereunder remain subject to the claims of the general creditors of the Company. No Participant, Beneficiary or any other person shall have any interest in any particular assets of the Company or the Trust by reason of the right to receive a benefit under the Plan and any such Participant, Beneficiary or other person shall have only the rights of a general unsecured creditor of the Company with respect to any rights under the Plan and Trust Agreement.

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8.2    Tax Withholding. In connection with any deferral under the Plan, the Company shall have the right to withhold from nondeferred Incentive Compensation amounts or other compensation available at the time of the award an amount sufficient to satisfy the FICA tax withholding requirements applicable to such deferrals, or to require the Participant to remit to the Company an amount sufficient to satisfy the tax obligation. In connection with any distribution to the Participant of deferred Incentive Compensation, the Company shall have the right to withhold from such distribution an amount sufficient to satisfy Federal, State, and local tax withholding requirements applicable to such distributions.

8.3    No Guaranty of Benefits. Nothing contained in the Plan shall constitute a guaranty by the Company or any other person or entity that the assets of the Company will be sufficient to pay any benefit hereunder.

8.4    No Enlargement of Employee Rights. No Participant shall have any right to receive a distribution of contributions made under the Plan except in accordance with the terms of the Plan. Establishment of the Plan shall not be construed to give any Participant the right to be retained in the service of the Company.

8.5    Spendthrift Provision. No interest of any person or entity in, or right to receive a distribution under, the Plan shall be subject in any manner to sale, transfer, assignment, pledge, attachment, garnishment, or other alienation or encumbrance of any kind; nor may such interest or right to receive a distribution be taken, either voluntarily or involuntarily, for the satisfaction of the debts of, or other obligations or claims against, such person or entity, including claims for alimony, support, separate maintenance and claims in bankruptcy proceedings.

8.6    Applicable Law. To the extent not preempted by Federal law, the Plan shall be construed and administered under the laws of the State of Illinois.

8.7    Incompetency. Every person receiving or claiming benefits under the Plan shall be presumed to be mentally competent and of age until the Committee receives a written notice, in a form and manner acceptable to it, that such person is incompetent or a minor, and that a guardian, conservator, or other person legally vested with the care of his estate has been appointed. In the event that the Committee finds that any person to whom a benefit is payable under the Plan is unable to properly care for their affairs, or is a minor, then any payment due (unless a prior claim therefor shall have been made by a duly appointed legal representative) may be paid to the Spouse, a child, a parent, or a brother or sister, or to any person deemed by the Committee to be authorized to care for such person otherwise entitled to payment.

    In the event a guardian, executor, administrator, or conservator of the estate of any person receiving or claiming benefits under the Plan shall be appointed by a court of competent jurisdiction, payments shall be made to such guardian, executor, administrator, or conservator provided that proper proof of appointment is furnished in a form and manner

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suitable to the Committee. Any payment made under the provisions of this Section 8.7 shall be a complete discharge of any liability therefor under the Plan.

8.8    Successors. The Plan shall not be automatically terminated by a transfer or sale of assets of the Corporation or by the merger or consolidation of the Corporation into or with any other corporation or other entity, but the Plan shall be continued after such sale, merger or consolidation only if and to the extent that the transferee, purchaser or successor entity agrees to continue the Plan. In the event that the Plan is not continued by the transferee, purchaser or successor entity, then the Plan shall terminate subject to the provisions of Section 7.2.

8.9    Unclaimed Benefit. Each Participant shall keep the Committee informed of his current address and the current address of his designated Beneficiary. None of the Corporation, the Company or the Committee shall be obligated to search for the whereabouts of any person. If the Committee is unable to locate the Participant or any Beneficiary of the Participant, then none of the Corporation, the Company or the Plan shall have any further obligation to pay any benefit hereunder to such Participant or Beneficiary and such benefit shall be forfeited; provided, however, that if the Participant or Beneficiary makes a valid claim for any benefit that has been forfeited, the forfeited benefit shall be reinstated.

8.10    Electronic or Telephonic Notices. Any election, notice, direction or other such action required or permitted to be made in writing under the Plan may also be made electronically, telephonically or otherwise, to the extent then permitted by applicable law and the administrative rules prescribed by the Committee.

8.11    Limitations on Liability. Notwithstanding any of the preceding provisions of the Plan, neither the Company, any member of the Committee or the Investment Committee nor any individual acting as an employee or agent of the Company, the Committee or the Investment Committee shall be liable to any Participant, former Participant, Beneficiary or any other person for any claim, loss, liability or expense incurred in connection with the Plan.

8.12    Gender; Headings. Words in the masculine gender shall include the feminine and the singular shall include the plural, and vice versa, unless qualified by the context. Any headings used herein are included for ease of reference only, and are not to be construed so as to alter the terms hereof.

8.13    Compliance with Code Section 409A. The Plan is intended to comply in all applicable respects with the requirements of Code Section 409A and shall be construed and administered so as to comply with that Code section.



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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Northern Trust Corporation has caused this amendment and restatement of the Plan to be executed on its behalf by its duly authorized officer this 18th day of October, 2021, effective as of October 18, 2021 (or as of such other dates as are noted herein).

    NORTHERN TRUST CORPORATION



    By: _/s/ Kathryn O’Neill_____________________
    Name:    Kathryn A. O’Neill
    Title:    Senior Vice President, Compensation, Benefits and Global Mobility


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SUPPLEMENT #1

Special 2005 Deferral Election Cancellations


This Supplement #1 to the Northern Trust Corporation Deferred Compensation Plan, as amended and restated effective October 18, 2021 (the “Plan”), is made a part of the Plan and supersedes any provisions thereof to the extent that they are not consistent with this Supplement. Unless the context clearly implies or indicates to the contrary, a word, term or phrase used or defined in the Plan is similarly used or defined for purposes of this Supplement #1.

1.    Effective Date. January 1, 2005.

2.    Application. This Supplement #1 shall apply to:

    (a)    Any Participant who, prior to February 28, 2005, requested the cancellation of the Participant’s previous election to defer all or a portion of the cash award payment of Incentive Compensation scheduled to be made to the Participant on February 28, 2005;

    (b)    Any Participant who previously elected to defer all or a portion of the cash award payment of Incentive Compensation scheduled to be made to the Participant in the Plan Year beginning January 1, 2005 (the “2005 Plan Year”) and whose 2005 Plan Year payment schedule for such Incentive Compensation was changed from annual to quarterly after such deferral election had been made;

        (individually, a “Special Election Cancellation Participant” and, collectively, the “Special Election Cancellation Participants”); and

    (c)    Any Participant who would be considered a “specified employee” as defined in proposed regulation section 1.409A-1(i) issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service; who terminates employment for any reason on or after the Effective Date of this Supplement #1 and on or before October 31, 2005 (individually, a “2005 Specified Employee Participant” and, collectively, the “2005 Specified Employee Participants”).

3.    Special Provision. The following special provision shall apply to the Special Election Cancellation Participants:

    Special 2005 Deferral Election Cancellation: Pursuant to and in accordance with Notice 2005-1 and proposed regulations under Code section 409A issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service, each Special Election Cancellation Participant shall have the opportunity to cancel a previous election to defer all or a portion of the cash award payment of Incentive Compensation for the 2005 Plan Year described in Paragraph 2(a) or (b) above, by executing and delivering to the Company a cancellation of the Participant’s

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previous election to defer, in the form prescribed by the Company, subject to the requirements specified in paragraphs 4 and 6 below. Any amount the deferral of which is cancelled in accordance with this Paragraph 3 shall be distributed no later than December 31, 2005, or the date such amount becomes vested, if later.

4.    Special Election Deadline. To be effective, the election cancellation referred to in Paragraph 3 above must be executed and delivered to the Company by the Special Election Cancellation Participant on or before the date specified by the Company that is after the Effective Date of this Supplement #1, but no later than December 1, 2005.

5.    Special Provision. The following special provision will apply to the 2005 Specified Employee Participants:

    Special 2005 Termination of Participation: Pursuant to and in accordance with Notice 2005-1 and proposed regulations under Code section 409A issued by the U.S. Treasury Department and the Internal Revenue Service, each 2005 Specified Employee Participant shall be considered to have terminated participation in the Plan with respect to any amounts that would otherwise be subject to Code section 409A, effective as of the date such 2005 Specified Employee Participant terminated employment with the Company. Anything in the Plan to the contrary notwithstanding, such amounts shall be distributed in a lump sum distribution to such 2005 Specified Employee Participant no later than December 31, 2005, or the date such amounts become vested, if later.

6.    Limitations on Supplement. Nothing in this Supplement #1 shall be construed to provide any Special Election Cancellation Participant or 2005 Specified Employee Participant with any rights or benefits under the Plan other than those described in Paragraphs 3 through 5, as applicable, above.



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SUPPLEMENT #2


Summary of Distribution Provisions
Applicable to a Participant’s 409A Amount attributable to services prior to 2018

The following summarizes and in some cases reproduces the principal provisions applicable to the payment of a Participant’s 409A Amount attributable to services performed prior to 2018, if any. To the extent that there is any conflict between this summary and the terms of the Plan as in effect prior to November 1, 2017, the pre-November 1, 2017 terms of the Plan control. References in the provisions below to a Participant’s “409Amount” refer to the Participant’s 409A Amount attributable to services performed prior to 2018.

1.     “Distribution Date” was defined under the pre-November 1, 2017 Plan as the last business day of February of any Plan Year as provided under Section 5.1 of the Plan and as irrevocably set forth in each of the Participant’s Deferral Election forms.

2.    Deferral Election. Section 3.2 of the Plan provided that Participants “shall make the election to defer Incentive Compensation under the Plan on a Deferral Election Form by such dates as the Committee from time to time establishes; provided, that any such election must be made on or before December 31 of the Participant’s taxable year preceding the taxable year in which the Participant performs the services that give rise to the Incentive Compensation to be deferred. Participants shall make the following determinations on each Deferral Election Form, which determinations shall become irrevocable on December 31 of the Plan Year in which the election is made (or such earlier date in that Plan Year as the Committee may determine):

    (a)    The amount to be deferred with respect to the Participant’s Incentive Compensation paid during the Plan Year for which the election applies, pursuant to the terms of Section 3.1 herein;

    (b)    The deferral period after which payments of deferred amounts commence (the “Deferral Period”), pursuant to the terms of Section 5.1 herein; and

    (c)    The form of the payment of the deferred amount, pursuant to the terms of Section 5.2 herein.

3. Article V described the payment provisions applicable to Retirement Deferrals and Short- Term Deferrals. Under the pre-November 1, 2017 Plan, Retirement Deferrals were not automatic. Sections 5.1 and 5.2 provided:

    “5.1 Deferral Period. Pursuant to Section 3.2, each Participant shall irrevocably elect the Deferral Period for the Incentive Compensation payments deferred in any Plan Year; provided that the Deferral Period elected by a Participant shall be either a Short-Term Deferral (as provided under Section 5.1(a)) or a Retirement Deferral (as provided under Section 5.1(b)).

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    (a)    If the Participant elects a Short-Term Deferral, payments under the Plan shall commence only in the form provided under Section 5.2(a) of this Plan on any Distribution Date elected by the Participant; provided that such Distribution Date shall be no earlier than the Distribution Date that is subsequent to three (3) Plan Years following the end of the Plan Year in which the Incentive Compensation would have otherwise been paid to the Participant.

    (b)    Subject to Section 5.6, if the Participant elects a Retirement Deferral, payments under the Plan shall commence following the Participant’s Separation from Service after reaching the Participant’s Normal, Early or Postponed Retirement date, as such dates are defined in the Pension Plan (such Separation from Service in those circumstances referred to as a “Retirement Date”), provided that payments under the Plan shall commence, as elected by the Participant in accordance with Section 3.2, either (i) within sixty (60) days of the Participant’s Retirement Date or (ii) on the Distribution Date immediately following the Plan Year in which the Participant’s Retirement Date occurs (provided that payments must commence under (ii) if the Participant elects to receive the payments in the form provided under Section 5.2(b) of the Plan).

    (c)    Notwithstanding anything in the Plan to the contrary, Incentive Compensation paid after a Participant’s Retirement Date or other Separation from Service is not eligible for deferral and will not be deferred, regardless of the Participant’s prior Deferral Election.

    (d)    Notwithstanding any Deferral Period(s) elected by a Participant pursuant to Section 3.2(b) and this Section 5.1, and subject to Section 5.6, if at any time before the end of the elected Deferral Period,

        (i)    a Participant incurs a Separation from Service, such Participant shall be paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such Separation from Service; or

        (ii)    (A)    with respect to a Participant’s 409A Amount, the Participant has been on disability leave for a period of six (6) months, such Participant’s 409A Amount shall be paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such six (6) month disability period; and

            (B)    with respect to the Participant’s Grandfathered Amount, if any, the Participant has been on disability leave for a period of twelve (12) months, such Participant’s Grandfathered Amount shall be

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paid out of the Plan in one (1) lump sum in cash within sixty (60) days after such twelve (12) month disability period.

    5.2    Payment of Deferred Amounts. Payment of a Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account under the Plan shall be made in cash in one of the following forms irrevocably elected by the Participant pursuant to Sections 3.2(b) and 5.1:

    (a)    Lump Sum Payment. Payments will be made in one (1) lump sum.

    (b)    Installment Payments. Payments will be made in either five (5) or ten (10) annual installments, as irrevocably elected by the Participant. Subject to Section 5.6, the initial payment shall be made on the Distribution Date following the Participant’s Retirement Date. The remaining installment payments shall be made in the form of cash each year thereafter (on each anniversary date of the initial payment), until the Participant’s entire Deferred Compensation Account has been paid. The amount of each installment payment shall be equal to the value of the the Participant’s Deferred Compensation Account on the last business day of January immediately prior to each such payment, multiplied by a fraction, the numerator of which is one (1), and the denominator of which is the number of installment payments remaining.

    All benefits hereunder shall be paid from the Trust, as further described in Article IV.”


    



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Exhibit 31.1
Certification of CEO Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Michael G. O’Grady, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, of Northern Trust Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Michael G. O’Grady
Date: October 26, 2021 Michael G. O’Grady
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)


Exhibit 31.2
Certification of CFO Pursuant to
Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002

I, Jason J. Tyler, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2021, of Northern Trust Corporation;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
/s/ Jason J. Tyler
Date: October 26, 2021 Jason J. Tyler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)


Exhibit 32
Certifications of CEO and CFO Pursuant to
18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to
Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Northern Trust Corporation (the “Corporation”) on Form 10-Q for the period ended September 30, 2021, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Michael G. O’Grady, as Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation, and Jason J. Tyler, as Chief Financial Officer of the Corporation, each hereby certifies, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. section 1350, as adopted pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, to the best of his knowledge, that:
(1) The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2) The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Corporation.
/s/ Michael G. O’Grady
Michael G. O’Grady
Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)
Date: October 26, 2021
/s/ Jason J. Tyler
Jason J. Tyler
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)
Date: October 26, 2021
This certification accompanies the Report pursuant to section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and shall not be deemed filed by Northern Trust Corporation for purposes of section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.