Item 1. Business
General
Owens & Minor, Inc. and subsidiaries (we, us, our or the Company), a Fortune 500 company headquartered in Richmond, Virginia, is a global healthcare solutions company that incorporates product manufacturing, distribution support and innovative technology services to deliver significant and sustained value across the breadth of the industry – from acute care to patients in their home. Our teammates serve healthcare industry customers in approximately 70 countries, by providing quality products and helping to reduce total costs across the healthcare supply chain by optimizing point-of care performance, freeing up capital and clinical resources and managing contracts to optimize financial performance. The description of our business should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and supplementary data included in this Form 10-K.
Founded in 1882, Owens & Minor was incorporated in 1926 and has operated continuously from its Richmond, Virginia headquarters. Through organic growth and acquisitions over many years, we significantly expanded and strengthened our company, achieving international scale in the healthcare market. Today, we have distribution, production, storage, customer service and sales facilities located across Asia, Australia, Europe, Latin America and the United States.
On June 18, 2020, we completed the divestiture of our European logistics business, Movianto (the Divestiture), as well as certain support functions in our Dublin office, to Walden Group SAS (the Buyer) and EHDH (as Buyer’s guarantor) for cash consideration of $133 million. See Note 3, “Discontinued Operations,” of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in this annual report for further information. Unless otherwise indicated, the following information relates to continuing operations.
On January 7, 2022, we entered into an Agreement and Plan of Merger to acquire Apria, Inc. (Apria) for $37.50 in cash per share of common stock, representing an equity value of approximately $1.45 billion, as well as the assumption of debt and cash for a total transaction value of approximately $1.6 billion. Apria is a provider of integrated home healthcare equipment and related services in the United States. The Agreement and Plan of Merger contains certain termination rights for the Company and Apria. In the event that Apria terminates the contract for a superior proposal, Apria will be required to pay the Company a termination fee of $42.0 million. The transaction, which has been approved by the board of directors of both companies, is subject to customary closing conditions, including the Hart Scott Rodino Act and other regulatory approvals and the approval of Apria’s stockholders, and is expected to close during the first half of 2022.
Global Solutions
In our Global Solutions segment, we offer a comprehensive portfolio of products and services to healthcare providers and manufacturers. Our portfolio of medical and surgical supplies includes branded products purchased from manufacturers and our own proprietary products. We store our products at our distribution centers and provide delivery of these products, along with related services, to healthcare providers around the nation.
Our service offerings to healthcare providers include supplier management, analytics, inventory management, and clinical supply management. These value-add services help providers improve their processes for contracting with vendors, purchasing supplies and streamlining inventory. These services include our operating room-focused inventory management program that helps healthcare providers manage suture and endo-mechanical inventory, as well as our customizable surgical supply service that includes the kitting and delivery of surgical supplies in procedure-based totes to coincide with the healthcare providers' surgical schedule.
In addition to services to healthcare providers, we offer a variety of programs dedicated to providing outsourced logistics and marketing solutions to our suppliers as well. These are designed to help manufacturers drive sales growth, increase market share and achieve operational efficiencies. Manufacturer programs are generally negotiated on an annual basis and provide for enhanced levels of support that are aligned with the manufacturer’s annual objectives and growth goals. We have contractual arrangements with manufacturers participating in these programs that provide performance-based incentives to us, as well as cash discounts for prompt payment. Program incentives can be earned on a monthly, quarterly or annual basis.
We operate a network of 44 distribution centers located throughout the United States, which are strategically located to efficiently serve our provider and manufacturer customers. A significant investment in information technology supports our business including warehouse management systems, customer service and ordering functions, demand forecasting programs, electronic commerce, data warehousing, decision support and supply-chain management.
We customize product deliveries, whether the orders are “just-in-time,” “low-unit-of-measure,” pallets, or truckloads. We also customize delivery schedules according to customers’ needs to increase their efficiency in receiving and storing products. We use low-unit-of-measure automated picking modules in our larger distribution centers to maximize efficiency, and our distribution center teammates use voice-pick technology to enhance speed and accuracy in performing certain warehousing processes. We partner with a third party company to deliver most supplies in the United States. We also use contract carriers and parcel delivery services when they are more cost-effective and timely.
The majority of our distribution arrangements compensate us on a cost-plus percentage basis, under which a negotiated percentage mark-up is added to the contract cost of the product agreed to by the supplier and customer or Group Purchasing Organization (GPO). We price our services for other arrangements under activity-based pricing models. In these cases, pricing depends upon the type, level and/or complexity of services that we provide to customers, and in some cases we do not take title to the product (although we maintain certain custodial risks). As a result, this fee-for-service pricing model aligns the fees we charge with the cost of the services provided, which is a component of distribution, selling and administrative expenses, rather than with the cost of the product, which is a component of cost of goods sold.
Patient Direct expands our business along the continuum of care through delivery of disposable medical supplies sold directly to patients and home health agencies. Patient Direct specializes in various patient care product lines including diabetes, ostomy, wound care, urology, incontinence and other. We receive payments for products sold through Patient Direct from managed care plans, the U.S. federal government under the Medicare program, state governments under their respective Medicaid or similar programs, private insurers and directly from patients. Patient Direct has a nationwide sales force, focusing on managed care and key referral sources, six centers of excellence aligned with specific product categories, and a nationwide network to optimize shipping distance and time.
Certain assets, liabilities and contracts of Fusion5 were sold on December 31, 2020. The sold assets and liabilities were not included in our consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2020. This business did not qualify as discontinued operations and, accordingly, its financial results were included in income from continuing operations during 2020 and 2021.
Global Products
Our Global Products segment manufactures and sources medical surgical products through our production and kitting operations. We provide medical supplies and solutions for the prevention of healthcare-associated infections across the acute and alternate site channels.
Our manufacturing facilities are located in the United States, Thailand, Honduras, Mexico and Ireland. Our business has recognized brands across its portfolio of product offerings, including sterilization wrap, surgical drapes and gowns, facial protection, protective apparel, medical exam gloves, custom and minor procedure kits and other medical products. We use a wide variety of raw materials and other inputs in our production processes, with polypropylene polymers and nitrile constituting our most significant raw material purchases. We base our purchasing decisions on quality assurance, cost effectiveness and regulatory requirements, and we work closely with our suppliers to assure continuity of supply while maintaining high quality and reliability. We primarily purchase these materials from external suppliers, some of which are single-source suppliers. Global commodity prices can affect pricing of certain raw materials on which we rely. In our Halyard product line, polypropylene polymers, which are oil based, and nitrile represent a significant component of our manufacturing costs. In addition, the prices of other raw materials we use, such as resins and finishing supplies, often fluctuate in response to changes in oil prices.
We support customer sales through a dedicated global sales force and direct our primary sales and marketing efforts toward hospitals and other healthcare providers to highlight the unique benefits and competitive differentiation of our products. We work directly with physicians, nurses, professional societies, hospital administrators and GPOs to collaborate and educate on emerging practices and clinical techniques that prevent infection and speed recovery. These marketing programs are delivered directly to healthcare providers. Additionally, we provide marketing programs to our strategic distribution partners throughout the world. We operate four major distribution centers located in North America and Asia that ship multiple finished products to multiple customers, as well as other distribution sites that also have customer shipping capabilities, in order to optimize cost and customer service requirements.
Our proprietary products are typically purchased pursuant to purchase orders or supply agreements in which the purchaser specifies whether such products are to be supplied through a distributor or directly. This segment may sell on an intercompany basis to our Global Solutions segment when we are the designated distributor, to other third-party distributors or directly to healthcare providers.
Our Customers
We currently provide products and services to thousands of healthcare provider customers either directly or indirectly through third-party distributors. These customers include multi-facility networks of healthcare providers offering a broad spectrum of healthcare services to a particular market or markets as well as smaller, independent hospitals. In addition to contracting directly with healthcare providers at the Integrated Delivery Network (IDN) level, we also contract with GPOs as well as other types of healthcare providers including surgery centers, physicians’ practices and smaller networks of hospitals that have joined together to negotiate terms. We have contracts to provide distribution services to the members of a number of national GPOs, including Vizient, Premier, Inc. (Premier) and HealthTrust Purchasing Group (HPG). Below is a summary of these agreements: | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
GPO | | Year of Renewal or Extension | | Term | | Sales to Members as a % of Consolidated Net Revenue in 2021 |
Vizient | | 2021 | | 2 years | | 34% |
Premier | | 2021 | | 5 years | | 22% |
HPG(1) | | 2021 | | 8 months | | 15% |
(1) The HPG contract was extended through April 2022. We expect this contract to be extended on a longer-term basis in early 2022.
We have our own independent relationships with most of our hospital customers through separate contractual commitments that may or may not be based upon the terms of our agreement with the GPO. As a result, the termination or expiration of an agreement with a particular GPO would not necessarily mean that we would lose the members of such GPO as our customers. Through our Patient Direct business, we also provide delivery of disposable medical supplies sold directly to patients and home health agencies.
Our suppliers represent the largest and most influential healthcare manufacturers in the industry. We have long-term relationships with these important companies in the healthcare supply chain and have long provided traditional distribution services to them. In the Global Solutions segment, no sales of products from any individual suppliers exceeded 10% of our consolidated net revenue for 2021.
Asset Management
In our business, a significant investment in inventory and accounts receivable is required to meet the rapid delivery requirements of customers and provide high-quality service. As a result, efficient asset management is essential to our profitability. We continually work to refine our processes to optimize inventory and collect accounts receivable.
Inventory
We actively monitor inventory for obsolescence and use inventory days and other operational metrics to measure our performance in managing inventory. We are focused in our efforts to optimize inventory and continually consolidate products and collaborate with suppliers on inventory productivity initiatives. When we convert large-scale IDN customers to our distribution network, an additional investment in inventory in advance of expected sales is generally required.
Accounts Receivable
In the normal course of business, we provide credit to our customers and use credit management techniques to evaluate customers’ creditworthiness and facilitate collection. These techniques may include performing initial and ongoing credit evaluations of customers based primarily on financial information provided by them and from sources available to the general public. We also use third-party information from sources such as credit reporting agencies, banks and other credit references. We actively manage our accounts receivable to minimize credit risk, days sales outstanding (DSO) and accounts receivable carrying costs. Our ability to accurately invoice and ship product to customers enhances our collection results and affects our DSO performance. As we diversify our customer portfolio, the change in business mix also affects our DSO. We have arrangements with certain customers under which they make deposits on account, either because they do not meet our standards for creditworthiness or in order to obtain more favorable pricing.
Competition
The industries in which we operate are highly competitive. Global Solutions competitors include two major nationwide manufacturers who also provide distribution services, Cardinal Health, Inc. and Medline Industries, Inc. In addition, we compete with a number of regional and local distributors, companies that distribute products to patients' homes and customer self-distribution models. Major outsourced logistics competitors serving healthcare manufacturers in the United States include United Parcel Service and FedEx Corporation.
The major competitors of our Global Products business include Cardinal Health, Inc., Medline Industries, Inc., Hogy Medical, Multigate Medical Products, Mölnlycke Health Care and HARTMANN Group. In the United States, several of our distribution partners and GPOs are also competitors or are increasingly seeking to compete with us by direct sourcing their own products. We compete against reusable products, or low usage of infection prevention products, due in large part to limited awareness and education on infection prevention practices and products. The highly competitive environment requires us to seek out technological innovations and to market our products effectively. Our products face competition from other brands that may be less expensive than our products and from other companies that may have more resources than we do. Competitive factors include price, alternative clinical practices, innovation, quality and reputation. To successfully compete, we must demonstrate that our products offer higher quality, more innovative features or better value versus other products.
Research and Development
We continuously engage in research and development to commercialize new products and enhance the effectiveness, reliability and safety of our existing products. In our Global Products business, we are focused on maintaining our market position by providing innovative customer-preferred product enhancements, with a particular focus on the operating room. Leveraging customer insights and our vertically integrated manufacturing capabilities, we seek to continuously improve our product designs, specifications and features to deliver cost efficiencies while improving healthcare worker and patient protection. We continuously refresh our surgical drape and gown portfolio to ensure that our products are aligned with the latest medical and procedural standards. Our research team works with healthcare providers to develop and design exam glove and apparel portfolios that optimize comfort and fit and provide cost-effective infection prevention solutions for use throughout the hospital. We are also investing in new categories and solutions that complement our technical expertise and existing intellectual property. We are particularly focused on those new categories that we believe will leverage our existing scalable technology platforms as well as our sales and marketing expertise.
Intellectual Property
Patents, trademarks and other proprietary rights are very important to the growth of our business. We also rely upon trade secrets, manufacturing know-how, continuing technological innovations and licensing opportunities to maintain and improve our competitive position.
On a regular basis, we review third-party proprietary rights, including patents and patent applications, as available, in an effort to develop an effective intellectual property strategy, avoid infringement of third-party proprietary rights, identify licensing opportunities, and monitor the intellectual property owned by others.
We have approximately 940 patents and patent applications pending in the United States and other countries that relate to the technology used in many of our products. We utilize patents in our surgical and infection protection products and currently have approximately 140 issued patents in the U.S. and approximately 600 issued patents in countries outside the U.S. These patents generally expire between 2022 and 2040. We do not license any patents from third parties that are material to our business.
We also file patent applications for innovative product lines and solutions that result from our technical expertise. In order to protect our ongoing research & development investments, we have approximately 40 pending patent applications in the U.S. and approximately 170 pending patent applications in countries outside of the U.S.
With respect to trademarks, we have approximately 1,100 trademarks and trademark applications pending in the United States and other countries that are used to designate or identify our company or products. We have approximately 130 U.S. registration trademarks and approximately 840 registered trademarks outside of the U.S. We also have approximately 50 pending trademark applications in the U.S. and approximately 100 pending trademark applications outside of the U.S.
We distribute products bearing the well-known “Halyard” brand. Other well-known registered trademarks we use include: Aero Blue, Quick Check, Smart-Fold, One Step, Purple, Purple Nitrile, Purple Nitrile-Xtra, Lavender, Sterling, and Safeskin.
We consider the patents and trademarks which we own and the trademarks under which we sell certain of our products, as a whole, to be material to our business. However, we do not consider our business to be materially dependent upon any individual patent or trademark.
Regulation
The development, manufacture, marketing, sale, promotion and distribution of our products, as well as the provision of logistics and services in the healthcare industry are subject to comprehensive regulation by federal, state and local government agencies. Government regulation by various national, regional, federal, state and local agencies, globally, addresses (among other matters) inspection of, and controls over, research and laboratory procedures, clinical investigations, product approvals and manufacturing, labeling, packaging, marketing and promotion, pricing and reimbursement, sampling, distribution, quality control, post-market surveillance, record keeping, storage and disposal practices.
Our operations are impacted by trade regulations in many countries that govern the import of raw materials and finished products, as well as data privacy laws (including the General Data Protection Regulation) that require safeguards for the protection of healthcare and other personal data. In addition, we are subject to laws and regulations that seek to prevent corruption and bribery in the marketplace (including the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act and the United Kingdom Bribery Act, which provide guidance on corporate interactions with government officials) as well as laws and regulations pertaining to healthcare fraud and abuse, including state and federal anti-kickback and false claims laws in the United States.
We must also comply with laws and regulations, including those governing operations, storage, transportation, manufacturing, sales, safety and security standards for each of our manufacturing and distribution centers, of the Food and Drug Administration, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, the Drug Enforcement Agency, the Department of Transportation, the Environmental Protection Agency, the Department of Homeland Security, the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, and state boards of pharmacy, or similar state licensing boards and regulatory agencies.
We are subject to numerous federal, state and local laws directed at regulating reimbursement of our products and services under various government programs and preventing fraud and abuse. We maintain certain safeguards intended to reduce the likelihood that we will engage in conduct or enter into arrangements in violation of these restrictions. Legal department personnel review and approve written contracts, such as agreements with physicians, subject to these laws. Notwithstanding these measures, violations of these laws and regulations may still occur, which could subject us to civil and criminal enforcement actions; licensure revocation, suspension, or non-renewal; severe fines and penalties; the repayment of amounts previously paid to us; and even the termination of our ability to provide services under certain government programs such as Medicare and Medicaid.
Our operations outside the U.S. are subject to local, country and European-wide regulations, including those promulgated by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) and the Medical Devices Directive. In addition, quality requirements are imposed by healthcare industry manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies which audit our operations on a regular basis. Each of our manufacturing locations are licensed or registered with the appropriate local authority. We believe we are in material compliance with all applicable statutes and regulations, as well as prevailing industry best practices, in the conduct of our business operations outside of the United States.
Since we market our products worldwide, certain products of a local nature and variations of product lines must also meet other local regulatory requirements. Certain additional risks are inherent in conducting business outside the United States, including price and currency exchange controls, changes in currency exchange rates, limitations on participation in local enterprises, expropriation, nationalization, and other governmental action. Demand for many of our existing and new medical devices is, and will continue to be, affected by the extent to which government healthcare programs and private health insurers reimburse our customers for patients’ medical expenses in the countries where we do business. Statutory and regulatory requirements for Medicaid, Medicare, and other government healthcare programs govern provider reimbursement levels. From time to time, legislative changes are made to government healthcare programs that impact our business, and the federal and/or state governments may continue to enact measures in the future aimed at containing or reducing reimbursement levels for medical expenses paid for in whole or in part with government funds. We cannot predict the nature of such measures or their impact on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. Any reduction in the amount of reimbursements received by our customers could harm our business by reducing their selection of our products, their ability to pay and the prices they are willing to pay.
Governments in the U.S. and abroad are considering new or expanded laws to address climate change. Such laws may include limitations on greenhouse gas (“GHG”) emissions, mandates that companies implement processes to monitor and disclose climate-related matters, additional taxes or offset charges on specified energy sources, and other requirements. Compliance with climate-related laws may be further complicated by disparate regulatory approaches in various jurisdictions. New or expanded climate-related laws could impose substantial costs on us. Until the timing and extent of climate-related laws are clarified, we cannot predict their potential effect on our capital expenditures or our results of operations.
Compliance with these laws and regulations is costly and materially affects our business. Among other effects, healthcare regulations substantially increase the time, difficulty and costs incurred in obtaining and maintaining approval to
market newly developed and existing products. We believe we are in material compliance with all statutes and regulations applicable to our operations.
Human Capital Resources
Teammate Overview
At Owens & Minor, teammates are at the heart of everything that we do. Through their creativity, talent and hard work, our teammates allow us to offer exceptional products and services and provide the force that propels our mission to empower our customers to advance healthcare. Thus, we are committed to providing a culture and benefits necessary to attract and retain top talent. We are also committed to creating an environment that allows our teammates to perform at a high level, emphasizes a culture of safety and is conducive to professional and personal growth.
At the end of 2021, we employed approximately 6,900 full- and part-time teammates in the U.S. and 10,400 teammates outside of the U.S. None of our domestic teammates are represented by a labor union or subject to a collective bargaining agreement (“CBA”), but certain teammates outside the U.S. (OUS) are represented and covered by a CBA. Throughout our operations, we continue to have positive relationships with our teammates, as well as the unions and works councils that represent our OUS teammates.
We depend on our key personnel to successfully operate our business, including our executive officers, senior corporate management and management at our operating segments. We seek to attract and retain top talent for these critical roles by offering competitive base and incentive compensation packages (and in certain instances share-based compensation and retention incentives), attractive benefits and opportunities for advancement and rewarding careers. We periodically review and adjust, if needed, our teammates’ total compensation (including salaries, annual cash incentive compensation, other cash and equity incentives, and benefits) to ensure that our offerings are competitive within the industry and consistent with our performance. We have also implemented enterprise-wide talent development and succession planning programs designed to identify future and/or replacement candidates for key positions. In addition to compensation, we promote numerous charitable, philanthropic, and social awareness programs that not only support the communities we serve, but also provide experiences for teammates to promote a collaborative and rewarding work environment.
In order to take advantage of available opportunities and successfully implement our long-term strategy, we understand that we must be able to employ, train and retain the necessary skilled personnel. To that end, we support and utilize various training and educational initiatives, and we have developed Company-wide and project-specific teammate training and educational programs. Key programs focus on teammate safety, leadership development, health and wellness, work-life balance, talent management, diversity and inclusion, and teammate engagement. At Owens & Minor, we believe that diversity, inclusion, and teammate engagement are integral to our vision, strategy and business success, and we pride ourselves on sustaining a culture that respects teammates and values concern for others. We believe that fostering an environment that values diversity, inclusion and ethical conduct creates an organization that is able to embrace, leverage and respect differences among our teammates, customers and the communities where we live, work and serve. As a result, we created Teammate Resource Groups (TRGs) that provide resources and support for underrepresented identity groups to improve innovation, promote belonging, increase team alignment, and boost engagement. Our current TRGs include Black Heritage, Outreach, Mentorship and Enrichment, Asian Pacific Islanders Rising to Excellence, Hispanic Organization for Leadership and Achievement, LGBTQ+, Military and Veteran, Women Empowerment Network, and Women in Tech. In addition, we continue to expand our diversity and inclusion journey by conducting voice forums in an effort to celebrate different cultures. We also believe that our teammates are the face of Owens & Minor, and we expect every teammate to model our shared values and commitment to ethical business practices set forth in our Code of Honor.
In 2021, we established the Owens & Minor Foundation, which is dedicated to further our commitment towards impactful investments to charitable and civic organizations in the communities we serve and will focus primarily in the three areas of environment, healthcare, diversity and inclusion.
We believe that our efforts to create an environment that is conducive to our values and teammate success have been rewarded. Our values reflect our commitment to our customers, our teammates, the environment and the communities where we live and work. They embody “IDEAL” behavior — Integrity, Development, Excellence, Accountability and Listening. All our teammates are responsible for embodying these values every day. We also hold our teammates to a high standard of performance, and we regularly evaluate teammates’ productivity against current requirements, future demand expectations and historical trends. From time to time, we may add, reduce or adjust resources in certain areas in an effort to align with changing demands.
Our Board of Directors’ Role in Human Capital Resource Management
Our Board of Directors believes that human capital management, and the ability to attract, retain and develop key talent, is an essential component of our continued growth and success. Our Board also believes that effective human capital
management is vital to maintaining a culture that reflects our core values and our shared commitment to excellence and ethical business practices.
Management regularly reports to the Our People & Culture Committee (previously the Compensation and Benefits Committee) of the Board of Directors on human capital management topics, including corporate culture, diversity and inclusion, teammate development and compensation and benefits. From time to time, we also conduct teammate engagement surveys to solicit feedback, and provide reports to the Board on findings developed through these surveys. The Our People & Culture Committee has oversight of talent retention and development, including succession planning, and the Board of Directors provides input on important decisions in each of these areas.
Teammate Benefits
The Our People & Culture Committee believes teammate benefits are an essential component of a competitive total compensation package. Our benefits programs are designed to attract and retain our top talent, and include medical, health and dental insurance, long-term disability insurance, accidental death and disability insurance, life insurance, travel and accident insurance, and our 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan. As part of the 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan, we generally match 100 percent of the first 4 percent of compensation contributed by a teammate into the 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan, subject to the Internal Revenue Code and our 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan limits. Additionally, we may make a discretionary contribution (subject to certain limitations as defined in the 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan document) to each participant employed on the last day of the plan year who has worked at least 1,000 hours during the year. Lastly, we may also make a profit sharing contribution to the 401(k) Savings and Retirement Plan, at the discretion of the Board of Directors. We expensed discretionary contributions of 3% in 2021, 2% in 2020, and none in 2019 of eligible annual earnings.
COVID-19 Response
In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, we implemented health and safety protocols to protect our teammates and customers. These protocols meet or exceed health and safety standards required by federal, state and local government agencies, and are based on guidance from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and other public health authorities. Actions taken to protect our teammates and customers in response to the COVID-19 pandemic include:
•Providing personal protective equipment (PPE) to teammates in distribution and manufacturing locations;
•Training teammates on proper use of PPE, social distancing, and other mitigation efforts;
•Providing paid time off for teammates to receive COVID-19 vaccinations;
•Significantly increased remote work and virtual interactions among teammates and with customers;
•Policies were adjusted to assist teammates that need time away from work due to illness, potential exposure or to care for sick family members; and
•Adjusted product delivery methods to keep drivers and hospital personnel safe.
For additional discussion of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, including on our human capital resources, refer to the Risk Factors in Item 1A of this Form 10-K.
Available Information
We make our Forms 10-K, Forms 10-Q and Forms 8-K (and all amendments to these reports) available free of charge through the SEC Filings link in the Investor Relations content section on our website located at www.owens-minor.com as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with or furnished to the SEC. Information included on our website is not incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
You may read and copy any materials we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. You may obtain information on the operation of the Public Reference Room by calling the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330. The SEC also maintains an Internet site that contains reports, proxy and information statements, and other information regarding Owens & Minor, Inc. (http://www.sec.gov).
Additionally, we have adopted a written Code of Honor that applies to all of our directors, officers and teammates, including our principal executive officer and senior financial officers. This Code of Honor (including any amendments to or waivers of a provision thereof) and our Corporate Governance Guidelines are available on our website at www.owens-minor.com.
Item 1A. Risk Factors
Set forth below are certain risk factors that we currently believe could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. These risk factors are in addition to those mentioned in other parts of this report and are not all of the risks that we face. We could also be affected by risks that we currently are not aware of or that we currently do not consider material to our business.
We are subject to risks related to public health crises or future outbreaks of health crises or other adverse public health developments such as the global pandemic associated with the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19).
As a global healthcare solutions company, we are impacted by public health crises such as the global pandemic associated with COVID-19. The outbreak has significantly increased uncertainty and unpredictability of global economic conditions and the demand for and supply of raw materials and finished goods required for our operations. In addition, public and private sector policies and initiatives to reduce the transmission of COVID-19, such as the imposition of travel restrictions, the adoption of remote working and vaccination mandates, have impacted or may in the future impact our operations. In these challenging and dynamic circumstances, we continue to work to protect our teammates and the public, maintain business continuity and sustain our operations, including ensuring the safety and protection of the people who work in our production and distribution centers across the world, many of whom support the manufacturing and delivery of products that are critical in response to the global pandemic. We may restrict the operations of our production and distribution centers if we deem it necessary or if recommended or mandated by governmental authorities which would have an adverse impact on us. There is a risk that revenues will decrease ultimately resulting in less cash flow, we may see longer duration in receivables collection, and the need to expedite payments to important suppliers may grow. COVID-19 has impacted and may further impact our supply chains relative to global demand for our facial protection, nitrile gloves, and protective apparel products. COVID-19 has also affected and may further affect the ability of suppliers and vendors to provide products and services to us or to do so at acceptable quality levels or prices. Some of these factors could increase the demand for our products, while others could decrease demand or make it more difficult for us to serve customers. For example, the significant reduction in elective surgical procedures, which began mid-March of 2020, resulted in a material negative impact on our revenue for 2020. Any worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic or future outbreaks could result in similar reductions in elective surgical procedures or otherwise reduce demand for our products, any of which could have a material negative impact on our revenues and profit for future periods.
Although we have experienced significant growth in sales volumes for certain of our products (such as PPE) during the COVID-19 pandemic, as well as improved productivity and manufacturing output, there can be no assurance that such growth rates, increased sales volumes or other improvements will be maintained during or following the COVID-19 pandemic. We may also see a decline in such growth rates and sales volumes when the impact of the pandemic subsides and the healthcare system returns to a more normalized state. In particular, demand for such products may also decline as government-sponsored COVID-19 response stimulus, relief and production initiatives, such as those under the Defense Production Act (DPA) and the Coronavirus Aid, Relief and Economic Security (CARES) Act, expire. An accelerated shift of demand away from certain of our products and services could also adversely impact our revenues and profit margins.
Furthermore, COVID-19 has impacted and may further impact the broader economies of affected countries, including negatively impacting economic growth, the proper functioning of financial and capital markets, foreign currency exchange rates, and interest rates. For example, the continued spread of COVID-19 has led to disruption and volatility in the global capital markets, which may increase the cost of capital and may adversely impact access to capital. Due to the speed with which the situation is developing and the uncertainty of its duration, any future outbreaks, similar pandemics, the timing of recovery, travel restrictions, business closures or business disruptions, a recession, depression or other sustained adverse market event resulting from the spread of the COVID-19 and the effectiveness of actions taken in the United States and other countries to contain and treat the disease, we are not able at this time to predict the extent to which the COVID-19 pandemic, or any future outbreaks or similar pandemics, may have a material effect on our financial or operational results. However, the following adverse risks exist:
•Actions by the United States government or other foreign government could affect our business. These actions include purchasing products that we make or sell, imposing new product standards or allowing the use of alternative products, instituting regulatory requirements to purchase only locally manufactured products, exercising control over manufacturing or distribution operations, including use of the DPA, taking trade actions including the imposition or removal of tariffs or import / export controls, subsidizing the supply of products, imposition of vaccine mandates or other actions;
•Quarantine decisions by public or private entities may influence our ability to operate or our ability to ship or receive products. For example, if shipping companies cease or reduce land or sea freight channels, raw material and finished good deliveries may be slowed or stopped;
•Our customers may change their payment patterns or lose their ability to pay invoices, which could have a material adverse impact on our cash flow;
•Our suppliers may increase pricing or impose new purchasing requirements, such as minimum purchase quantities or pay-in-advance payment terms, which could have a material adverse impact on our cash flow;
•Raw materials or finished goods that we require for our operations may not be available, or pricing for such items may increase beyond the willingness of our customers to pay;
•New competitors may enter our market, including both small and large scale manufacturers;
•COVID-19 illness among our teammates in manufacturing or distribution operations could impact our operations or compel the closure of one or more facilities for an unknown period of time. Labor relations in our facilities related to COVID-19 could also negatively impact our operations;
•We may invest in additional manufacturing capacity for which demand slows in the future, which could have a material adverse impact on our cash flow; and
•Technology infrastructure failures could materially inhibit our operations that currently include a substantial portion of remote work. For example, voice or data line failures resulting from natural, manmade or cyber-attack could impair our ability to operate.
We have incurred additional costs to ensure we meet the needs of our customers, including increasing our workforce in order to produce or distribute certain essential products for our customers, providing personal protective equipment to our workforce, incremental shipping and transportation costs, incremental technology costs, and additional cleaning costs throughout our facilities. We expect to continue to incur additional costs, which may be significant as we continue to implement operational changes in response to this pandemic, any future outbreaks or similar pandemics. Further, our management is focused on mitigating COVID-19, which has required and will continue to require, a large investment of time and resources across our enterprise and will delay other value added services and strategic initiatives. Additionally, some of our teammates are currently working remotely. An extended period of remote work arrangements, and any worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic, or future outbreaks, could strain our business continuity plans, introduce operational risk, including but not limited to cybersecurity risks, and impair our ability to manage our business. If we do not respond appropriately to the pandemic, any future outbreaks or similar pandemics, or if customers do not perceive our response to be adequate for the United States or our international markets, we could suffer damage to our reputation and our brands, which could adversely affect our business.
The impact of COVID-19 may also exacerbate other risks discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, any of which could have a material effect on us. This situation is changing rapidly and additional impacts may arise that we are not aware of currently.
We face competition and accelerating pricing pressure.
The medical/surgical supply distribution industry in the United States is highly competitive and characterized by pricing and margin pressure for our business. We compete with other national distributors and a number of regional and local distributors, as well as customer self-distribution models and, to a lesser extent, certain outsourced logistics companies. Competitive factors within the medical/surgical supply distribution industry include market pricing, total delivered product cost, product availability, the ability to fill and invoice orders accurately, delivery time, range of services provided, efficient product sourcing, inventory management, information technology, electronic commerce capabilities, and the ability to meet customer-specific requirements. Our success is dependent on the ability to compete on the above factors, while managing internal costs and expenses.
These competitive pressures could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition. In addition, in recent years, the healthcare industry in the United States has experienced and continues to experience significant consolidation in response to cost containment legislation and general market pressures to reduce costs. This consolidation of our customers and suppliers generally gives them greater bargaining power to reduce the pricing available to them, which may adversely impact our results of operations and financial condition.
Our operating income is dependent on certain significant domestic suppliers.
In the United States, we distribute products from approximately 1,100 suppliers and are dependent on these suppliers for the continuing supply of products. In 2021, sales of products of our ten largest domestic suppliers accounted for approximately 40% of consolidated net revenue. No sales of products of any individual suppliers exceeded 10% of our consolidated net revenue for 2021. We rely on suppliers to provide agreeable purchasing and delivery terms and performance incentives. Our ability to sustain adequate operating income has been, and will continue to be, dependent upon our ability to obtain favorable terms and incentives from suppliers, as well as suppliers continuing use of third-party distributors to sell and deliver their products. A change in terms by a significant supplier, the decision of such a supplier to distribute its products
directly to healthcare providers rather than through third-party distributors, or a key supplier’s failure to sell and deliver us products necessary to meet our customers’ demands could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
An interruption in the ability of our business to manufacture products may have a material adverse effect on our business.
We manufacture the majority of our products in nine facilities: four in the United States, two in Mexico, and one each in Thailand, Ireland and Honduras. If one or more of these facilities experience damage, or if these manufacturing capabilities are otherwise limited or stopped due to quality, regulatory or other reasons, including pandemic, natural disasters, geopolitical events, prolonged power or equipment failures, labor disputes or unsuccessful imports/exports of products as well as supply chain transportation disruptions, it may not be possible to timely manufacture the relevant products at required levels or at all. A reduction or interruption in any of these manufacturing processes could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
An inability to obtain key components, raw materials or manufactured products from third parties may have a material adverse effect on our business.
We depend on the availability of various components, raw materials and manufactured products supplied by others for our operations. If the capabilities of suppliers and third-party manufacturers are limited or stopped, due to quality, regulatory or other reasons, including pandemic, natural disasters, geopolitical events, prolonged power or equipment failures, labor disputes or unsuccessful imports/exports of products as well as supply chain transportation disruptions, or other reasons, that could negatively impact our ability to manufacture or distribute our products and could lead to exposure to regulatory actions. Further, for quality assurance or cost effectiveness, we have purchased from sole suppliers certain components and raw materials such as polymers used in our products, and we expect to continue to purchase these components and raw materials from these sole suppliers. Although there are other sources in the market place for these items, we may not be able to quickly establish additional or replacement sources for certain components or materials due to regulations and requirements of the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and other regulatory authorities regarding the manufacture of our products. The loss of any sole supplier or any sustained supply interruption that affects the ability to manufacture or distribute our products in a timely or cost effective manner could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our Global Products segment is exposed to price fluctuations of key commodities, which may negatively impact our results of operations.
Our Global Products segment relies on product inputs, such as polypropylene and nitrile, as well as other commodities, in the manufacture of its products. Prices of these commodities are volatile and have fluctuated significantly in recent years, which may contribute to fluctuations in our results of operations. The ability to hedge commodity prices is limited. Furthermore, due to competitive dynamics, we may be unable to pass along commodity-driven cost increases through higher prices. If we cannot fully offset cost increases through other cost reductions, or recover these costs through price increases or surcharges, we could experience lower margins and profitability which could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our business and operations depend on the proper functioning of critical facilities, supply chain and distribution networks.
Damage or disruption to our supply chain and distribution capabilities due to pandemic, weather, natural disaster, fire, terrorism, strikes, the financial and/or operational instability of key suppliers, geo-political events or other reasons could impair our ability to distribute products and conduct our business. To the extent that we are unable, or it is not financially feasible, to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to manage effectively such events if they occur, there could be a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition or results of operations. For example, COVID-19 has caused supply chain disruptions for certain manufacturers of medical products and an increased demand for these products resulting in the implementation of product allocations by certain manufacturers.
Interruption of our supply chain could affect our ability to produce or distribute our products and could negatively impact our business and profitability.
Any material interruption in our supply chain, such as disruption of raw material supplies or manufacturing capabilities, interruptions in service by our service providers or common carriers that ship goods within our distribution channels, trade restrictions, such as increased tariffs or quotas, embargoes or customs restrictions, pandemics (such as the COVID-19 pandemic), social or labor unrest, labor shortages, natural disasters or political disputes and military conflicts that cause a disruption in our supply chain could materially adversely affect our business operations and our financial position or results of operations.
We depend on third-party manufacturers for certain products that we distribute. Our operations are also dependent on various raw materials supplied by others. We purchase many of these raw materials from numerous suppliers in various countries. For certain products, we may rely on one or very few suppliers. The failure of third parties on which we rely to meet
their obligations to us, deliver quality products, or significant disruptions in their ability to do so, may negatively impact our operations. Disputes with significant suppliers, including disputes regarding pricing or performance, could adversely affect our ability to supply products to our customers and could materially adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. Failure to take adequate steps to mitigate the likelihood or potential impact of such events, or to effectively manage such events if they occur, particularly when a product is sourced from a single location or supplier, could adversely affect our business and results of operations, as well as require additional resources to restore our supply chain.
We may continue to experience higher supply chain costs, particularly related to international freight and commodities. Due to competitive dynamics and contractual limitations, we may be unable to pass along these cost increases through higher prices. Short-term or sustained increases in demand for our products may exceed our production capacity or otherwise strain our supply chain. These and other supply chain issues can increase our costs, disrupt or reduce our production, delay our product shipments, prevent us from meeting customer demand, damage our customer relationships, and could materially adversely affect our business operations and our financial position or results of operations.
Our profitability and cash flow may vary based on the impacts of rising inflationary pressures.
Inflation could materially impact the costs to source materials or produce and distribute finished goods to customers. Inflationary pressures could result in market pressures on our customers to reduce costs, which could impact our profitability and cash flows. Additionally, there is uncertainty that we will be able to pass elevated costs onto customers in an effort to offset inflationary pressures.
Our operations depend on the proper functioning of information systems, and our business or results of operations could be adversely affected if we experience a cyberattack or other systems breach or failure.
We and our external service providers use and rely on information systems to perform our business operations including receiving, processing, analyzing, and managing data in distributing thousands of products to customers from numerous distribution centers. These systems are also relied upon for receiving and filling orders for customers, billings to and collections from customers, the purchase of and payment for inventory and related transactions from our suppliers, and the secure electronic transmission, processing, storage, and hosting of sensitive information, including protected health information and other types of personal information, confidential financial information, proprietary information, and other sensitive information relating to our customers, company, and teammates. In addition, the success of our long-term growth strategy is dependent upon the ability to continually monitor and upgrade our information systems to provide better service to customers
Despite physical, technical, and administrative security measures, our technology systems and operations may be subject to cyberattacks from sources beyond our control. In recent months, cyberattacks in our industry have increased and become more sophisticated and, as a result, the risk of a cyberattack on our systems has increased. Cyberattacks include actual or attempted unauthorized access, tampering, malware insertion, ransomware attacks, or other system integrity events. A cybersecurity incident could involve a material data breach or other material impact to the operations of our technology systems, which could result in failure of our systems to operate properly for an extended period of time, litigation or regulatory action, loss of customers or revenue, and increased expense, any of which might have a material adverse impact on our business operations, reputation, our growth and strategic initiatives, and our financial position or results of operation.
Our ability to attract and retain talented and qualified teammates is critical to our success and competitiveness.
The success of our business depends on our ability to attract, engage, develop and retain qualified and experienced teammates, including key executives. We may not be able to successfully compete for, attract, or retain qualified and experienced teammates. Competition among potential employers, labor shortages, and inflationary pressures might result in increased salaries, benefits or other teammate-related costs, or in our failure to recruit and retain teammates. We may experience sudden loss of key personnel due to a variety of causes, including illness, and must adequately plan for succession of key executive roles. Teammates might not successfully transition into new roles. Any of these risks might have a materially adverse impact on our business operations and our financial position or results of operations.
We have concentration in and dependence on certain healthcare provider customers and Group Purchasing Organizations.
In 2021, although no single customer accounted for 5% of our consolidated net revenue, our top ten customers in the United States represented approximately 20% of our consolidated net revenue. In addition, in 2021, approximately 71% of our consolidated net revenue was from sales to member hospitals under contract with our largest GPOs: Vizient, Premier and HPG. We could lose a significant healthcare provider customer or GPO relationship if an existing contract expires without being replaced or is terminated by the customer or GPO prior to its expiration. Although the termination of our relationship with a given GPO would not necessarily result in the loss of the member hospitals as customers, any such termination of a GPO relationship, or a significant individual healthcare provider customer relationship, could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations and financial condition.
We cannot assure you that the proposed Apria Acquisition will be completed.
There are a number of risks and uncertainties relating to the Apria Acquisition. For example, the Apria acquisition may not be completed, or may not be completed in the timeframe, on the terms or in the manner currently anticipated, as a result of a number of factors, including, among other things, the failure of one or more of the conditions to closing in the Agreement and Plan of Merger. There can be no assurance that the conditions to closing of the Apria Acquisition will be satisfied or waived or that other events will not intervene to delay or result in the failure to close the Apria Acquisition. The Agreement and Plan of Merger may be terminated by the parties thereto under certain circumstances, including, without limitation, if the Apria Acquisition has not been completed by July 7, 2022. Any delay in closing the Apria Acquisition or a failure to close the Apria Acquisition could have a negative impact on our business and the trading prices of our securities, including the notes.
We may fail to realize the anticipated benefits of the Apria Acquisition or those benefits may take longer to realize than expected. We may also encounter significant difficulties in integrating the Apria business into our operations.
Our ability to realize the anticipated benefits of the Apria Acquisition will depend, to a large extent, on our ability to integrate the Apria business into ours. We may devote significant management attention and resources preparing for and then integrating the business practices and operations of the Apria business with ours. This integration process may be disruptive to our and the Apria businesses, and, if implemented ineffectively, could restrict realization of the expected benefits. In addition, we may fail to realize some of the anticipated benefits of the Apria Acquisition if the integration process takes longer than expected or is more costly than expected. Potential difficulties we may encounter in the integration process include:
•The inability to successfully combine operations in a manner that would result in the anticipated benefits of the Apria Acquisition in the time frame currently anticipated or at all;
•Complexities associated with managing the expanded operations;
•Integrating personnel;
•Creation of uniform standards, internal controls, procedures, policies and information systems;
•Unforeseen increased expenses, delays or regulatory issues associated with integrating the operations; and
•Performance shortfalls as a result of the diversion of management attention caused by completing the integration of the operations.
Even if we are able to integrate the Apria business successfully, this integration may not result in the realization of the full benefits that we currently expect, nor can we give assurances that these benefits will be achieved when expected or at all. Moreover, the integration of the Apria business may result in unanticipated problems, expenses, liabilities, regulatory risks and competitive responses that could have material adverse consequences.
We and the Apria business will be subject to business uncertainties while the Apria Acquisition is pending that could adversely affect our business and the Apria business.
Uncertainty about the effect of the Apria Acquisition on teammates, customers and suppliers may have an adverse effect on us and the Apria business. Although we and Apria intend to take actions to reduce any adverse effects, these uncertainties could cause customers, suppliers and others that deal with us and/or the Apria business to seek to change existing business relationships. In addition, teammate retention could be negatively impacted during the pendency of the Apria Acquisition. If key teammates depart because of concerns relating to the uncertainty and difficulty of the integration process, our business could be harmed.
The pendency of the Apria Acquisition could adversely affect our business, financial results, and operations.
The announcement and pendency of the Apria Acquisition could cause disruptions and create uncertainty surrounding our business and affect our relationships with our customers, suppliers and teammates. In addition, we have diverted, and will continue to divert, significant management resources to complete the Apria Acquisition, which could have a negative impact on our ability to manage existing operations or pursue alternative strategic transactions, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations. Investor perceptions about the terms or benefits of the Apria Acquisition could have a negative impact on our business and the trading prices of our securities, including the notes.
Our inability to adequately integrate acquisitions could have a material adverse effect on our operations.
In connection with our growth strategy, we from time to time acquire other businesses, that we believe will expand or complement our existing businesses and operations. The integration of acquisitions involves a number of significant risks, which may include but are not limited to, the following:
•Expenses and difficulties in the transition and integration of operations and systems;
•Retention of current customers and the ability to obtain new customers;
•The assimilation and retention of personnel, including management personnel, in the acquired businesses;
•Accounting, tax, regulatory and compliance issues that could arise;
•Difficulties in implementing uniform controls, procedures and policies in our acquired companies;
•Unanticipated expenses incurred or charges to earnings based on unknown circumstances or liabilities;
•Failure to realize the synergies and other benefits we expect from the acquisition or at the pace we anticipate;
•General economic conditions in the markets in which the acquired businesses operate;
•Difficulties encountered in conducting business in markets where we have limited experience and expertise;
•Failure to fully integrate information technology;
•Inadequate indemnification from the seller; and
•Failure of the seller to perform under any transition services agreement.
If we are unable to successfully complete and integrate our strategic acquisitions in a timely manner, our business, growth strategies and results of operations could be adversely affected.
Our results of operations may suffer upon the bankruptcy, insolvency, or other credit failure of a customer that has a substantial amount owed to us.
We provide credit in the normal course of business to customers. We perform initial and ongoing credit evaluations of customers and maintain reserves for credit losses. The bankruptcy, insolvency or other credit failure of one or more customers with substantial balances due to us could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We are subject to stringent regulatory and licensing requirements.
We are required to comply with extensive and complex laws and regulations at the federal, state and local government levels in the United States and other countries where we operate. We also are required to hold permits and licenses and to comply with the operational and security standards of various governmental bodies and agencies. Any failure to comply with these laws and regulations or any failure to maintain the necessary permits, licenses or approvals, or to comply with the required standards, could disrupt our operations and/or adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Among the U.S. healthcare related laws that we are subject to include the U.S. federal Anti-kickback Statute, the U.S. federal Stark Law, the False Claims Act and similar state laws relating to fraud, waste and abuse. The requirements of these laws are complex and subject to varying interpretations, and it is possible that regulatory authorities could challenge our policies and practices. If we fail to comply with these laws, we could be subject to federal or state government investigations or qui tam actions (false claims cases initiated by private parties purporting to act on behalf of federal or state governments), which could result in civil or criminal sanctions, including the loss of licenses or the ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs. Such sanctions and damages could adversely affect our results of operations and financial condition.
Our global operations are also subject to risks of violation of laws, including those that prohibit improper payments to and bribery of government officials and other individuals and organizations. These laws include the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, the U.K. Bribery Act and other similar laws and regulations in foreign jurisdictions, any violation of which could result in substantial liability and a loss of reputation in the marketplace. Failure to comply with these laws also could subject us to civil and criminal penalties that could adversely affect our business and results of operations.
Our Patient Direct business is a Medicare-certified supplier and participates in state Medicaid programs. Failure to comply with applicable standards and regulations could result in civil or criminal sanctions, including the loss of our ability to participate in Medicare, Medicaid and other federal and state healthcare programs.
We collect, handle and maintain patient-identifiable health information and other sensitive personal and financial information, which are subject to federal, state and foreign laws that regulate the use and disclosure of such information. Regulations currently in place continue to evolve, and new laws in this area could further restrict our ability to collect, handle and maintain personal or patient information, or could require us to incur additional compliance costs, either of which could have an adverse impact on our results of operations. Violations of federal (such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996, as amended, or HIPAA), state or foreign laws (such as the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation, as amended, or GDPR) concerning privacy and data protection could subject us to civil or criminal penalties, breach of contract claims, costs for remediation and harm to our reputation.
We could be subject to adverse changes in the tax laws or challenges to our tax positions.
We operate throughout the United States and other countries. As a result, we are subject to the tax laws and regulations of the United States federal, state and local governments and of various foreign jurisdictions. From time to time, legislative and regulatory initiatives are proposed, including but not limited to proposals to repeal LIFO (last-in, first-out) treatment of inventory in the United States or changes in tax accounting methods for inventory, import tariffs and taxes, or other tax items.
It is not yet known what changes Congress, working with the President, will make to existing tax laws and how those changes (if any) will affect the economy, our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows. These and other changes in tax laws and regulations could adversely affect our tax positions, tax rate or cash payments for taxes. There can be no assurance that our effective tax rate will not be materially adversely affected by legislation resulting from these initiatives.
We must obtain clearance or approval from the appropriate regulatory authorities prior to introducing a new product or a modification to an existing product. The regulatory clearance process may result in substantial costs, delays and limitations on the types and uses of products we can bring to market, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
In the United States, before we can market a new product, or a new use of, or claim for, or significant modification to, an existing product, we generally must first receive clearance or approval from the FDA and certain other regulatory authorities. Most major markets for medical products outside the United States also require clearance, approval or compliance with certain standards before a product can be commercially marketed. The process of obtaining regulatory clearances and approvals to market a medical product can be costly and time consuming, involve rigorous pre-clinical and clinical testing, require changes in products or result in limitations on the indicated uses of products. We cannot assure you that these clearances and approvals will be granted on a timely basis, or at all. In addition, once a medical product has been cleared or approved, a new clearance or approval may be required before it may be modified, its labeling changed or marketed for a different use. Medical products are cleared or approved for one or more specific intended uses and promoting a device for an off-label use could result in government enforcement action. Furthermore, a product approval or clearance can be withdrawn or limited due to unforeseen problems with the medical product or issues relating to its application. The regulatory clearance and approval process may result in, among other things, delayed, if at all, realization of product net sales, substantial additional costs and limitations on the types of products we may bring to market or their indicated uses, any one of which could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Our business may be adversely affected if we are unable to adequately establish, maintain, protect and enforce our intellectual property and proprietary rights or prevent third parties from making unauthorized use of such rights.
Our intellectual property is an important part of our business. Failure to adequately protect our intellectual property rights could result in our competitors offering similar products and services, potentially resulting in the loss of our competitive advantage and a decrease in our revenue, which would adversely affect our business prospects, financial condition and results of operations. Our success depends in part on our ability to protect our proprietary rights and intellectual property. We rely on a combination of intellectual property rights, such as patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secrets (including know-how) and domain names, in addition to teammate and third-party confidentiality agreements, intellectual property licenses and other contractual rights, to establish, maintain, protect and enforce our rights in our technology, proprietary information and processes. For example, we rely on trademark protection to protect our rights to various marks as well as distinctive logos and other marks associated with our products and services. Furthermore, intellectual property laws and our procedures and restrictions provide only limited protection and any of our intellectual property rights may be challenged, invalidated, circumvented, infringed or misappropriated. If we fail to protect our intellectual property rights adequately, we may lose an important advantage in the markets in which we compete.
Other parties may also independently develop technologies, products and services that are substantially similar or superior to ours. We also may be forced to bring claims against third parties. However, the measures we take to protect our intellectual property from unauthorized use by others may not be effective, and there can be no assurance that our intellectual property rights will be sufficient to protect against others offering technologies, products or services that are substantially similar or superior to ours and that compete with our business. Our management’s attention may be diverted by these attempts, and we may need to use funds in litigation to protect our proprietary rights against any infringement, misappropriation or other violation.
We may become subject to litigation brought by third parties claiming infringement, misappropriation or other violation by us of their intellectual property rights.
Our commercial success depends in part on avoiding infringement, misappropriation or other violations of the intellectual property and proprietary rights of third parties. However, we may become party to disputes from time to time over rights and obligations concerning intellectual property held by third parties. For example, third parties may allege that we have infringed upon or not obtained sufficient rights in the technologies used in our products and services. We cannot assure that we are not infringing or violating, and have not infringed or violated, any third-party intellectual property rights, or that we will not be held to have done so or be accused of doing so in the future. Any claim that we have violated intellectual property or other proprietary rights of third parties, with or without merit, and whether or not it results in litigation, is settled out of court or is determined in our favor, could be time consuming and costly to address and resolve, and could divert the time and attention of management and technical personnel from our business. Our liability insurance may not cover potential claims of this type adequately or at all. Any of these events could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
We may incur product liability losses, litigation liability, product recalls, safety alerts or regulatory action associated with the products that we source, assemble, manufacture and sell which can be costly and disruptive to our business.
The risk of product liability claims is inherent in the design, assembly, manufacture and marketing of the medical products of the types we sell. A number of factors could result in an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, a patient with respect to the products that we source, assemble, manufacture or sell, including physician technique and experience in performing the relevant surgical procedure, component failures, manufacturing flaws, design defects or inadequate disclosure of product-related risks or information.
In addition to product liability claims and litigation, an unsafe condition or injury to, or death of, a patient associated with our products could lead to a recall of, or issuance of a safety alert relating to, our products, or suspension or delay of regulatory product approvals or clearances, product seizures or detentions, governmental investigations, civil or criminal sanctions or injunctions to halt manufacturing and distribution of our products. Any one of these could result in significant costs and negative publicity resulting in reduced market acceptance and demand for our products and harm our reputation. In addition, a recall or injunction affecting our products could temporarily shut down production lines or place products on a shipping hold.
All of the foregoing types of legal proceedings and regulatory actions are inherently unpredictable and, regardless of the outcome, could disrupt our business, result in substantial costs or the diversion of management attention and could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and cash flows.
Audits by tax authorities could result in additional tax payments for prior periods, and tax legislation could materially adversely affect our financial results and tax liabilities.
The amount of income taxes we pay is subject to ongoing audits by U.S. federal, state and local tax authorities and by non-U.S. tax authorities. In addition, tax laws and regulations are extremely complex and subject to varying interpretations. Although we believe that our historical tax positions are sound and consistent with applicable laws, regulations and existing precedent, they can be no assurance that our tax positions will not be challenged by relevant tax authorities or that we would be successful in any such challenge. If these audits result in assessments different from our reserves, our future results may include unfavorable adjustments to our tax liabilities.
We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to service our debt and other obligations.
As of December 31, 2021, on a consolidated basis we had approximately $946 million of aggregate principal amount of indebtedness, excluding deferred financing costs and third party fees, as well as approximately $254 million in contractual obligations under our operating leasing arrangements and $291 million of undrawn availability under our revolving credit facilities. Our ratio of total debt to total shareholders’ equity as of December 31, 2021 was 101%.
Our ability to make payments on our indebtedness and our other obligations will depend on our financial and operating performance, which is subject to prevailing economic and competitive conditions and to certain financial, business and other factors beyond our control. We may be unable to maintain a level of cash flows from operating activities sufficient to permit us to pay the principal, premium, if any, and interest on our indebtedness.
If our cash flows and capital resources are insufficient to fund our debt service obligations, we may be forced to reduce or delay investments and capital expenditures, or to sell assets, seek additional capital or restructure or refinance our indebtedness. These alternative measures may not be successful and may not permit us to meet our scheduled debt service obligations. We cannot assure you that we would be able to implement any of these alternatives on satisfactory terms or at all. In the absence of such operating results and resources, we could face substantial liquidity problems and may be required to dispose of material assets or operations to meet our debt service and other obligations. We may not be able to consummate those dispositions or to obtain the proceeds that we could realize from them, and these proceeds may not be adequate to meet any debt service obligations then due.
If we are unable to service our debt obligations from cash flows, we may need to refinance all or a portion of our debt obligations prior to maturity. Our ability to refinance or restructure our debt will depend upon our financial condition or the condition of the capital markets at such time. Any refinancing of our debt could be at higher interest rates and may require us to comply with more onerous covenants, which could further restrict our business operations. We may not be able to refinance any of our indebtedness on commercially reasonable terms or at all.
We may not be able to refinance, extend or repay our substantial indebtedness which would have a material adverse affect on our financial condition.
Our 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes become due and payable in December 2024 and March 2029. We may need to raise capital in order to repay the 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes. As of December 31, 2021, we owed $246 million and $500 million in principal under our 2024 Notes and 2029 Notes. If we are unable to raise sufficient capital to repay these obligations at maturity and we are otherwise unable to extend the maturity dates or refinance these obligations, we would be in default. We cannot
provide any assurances that we will be able to raise the necessary amount of capital to repay this obligation or that we will be able to extend the maturity dates or otherwise refinance this obligation. Upon a default, our lenders would have the right to exercise its rights and remedies to collect, which would include foreclosing on our assets. Accordingly, a default would have a material adverse effect on our business and financial condition.
Despite current indebtedness levels, we will incur substantially more debt to complete the acquisition of Apria, Inc. (Apria Acquisition) which could further exacerbate the risks described herein.
We and our subsidiaries will incur substantial additional indebtedness in the future in order to complete the Apria Acquisition, which could significantly increase our leverage. If new debt is added to our current debt levels, the related risks that we and our subsidiaries now face to service debt levels and the risks associated with failure to adequately service our debt could intensify.
Our variable rate indebtedness subjects us to interest rate risk, which could cause our indebtedness service obligations to increase significantly.
Certain borrowings under our Credit Agreement and Receivables Securitization Program bear interest at variable rates and expose us to interest rate risk. If interest rates were to increase, our debt service obligations on our variable rate indebtedness would increase even though the amount borrowed remained the same, and our earnings and cash flows will correspondingly decrease.
Our credit facilities and our existing notes have restrictive covenants that could limit our financial flexibility.
Our Credit Agreement, including our Revolver, and Receivables Securitization Program, as well as the indentures that govern our existing senior notes, contain financial and other restrictive covenants that limit our ability to engage in activities that may be in our long-term best interests.
Our credit facilities and the indentures governing our existing notes include restrictions that, among other things, limit our ability to: incur indebtedness; grant liens; engage in acquisitions, mergers, consolidations and liquidations; use proceeds from asset dispositions for general corporate purposes, restricted payments, or investments; enter into transactions with affiliates; and amend, modify or prepay certain indebtedness. Under our credit facilities, we are subject to financial covenants that require us to maintain ratios for leverage and interest coverage, including on a pro forma basis in the event of an acquisition.
Our failure to comply with these restrictions or covenants could result in a default under the agreements governing the relevant indebtedness. If a default under the credit facilities and the indentures governing our existing notes is not cured or waived, such default could result in the acceleration of debt or other payment obligations under our debt or other agreements that contain cross-acceleration, cross-default or similar provisions, which could require us to repurchase or pay debt or other obligations prior to the date it is otherwise due.
Our ability to comply with covenants contained in the credit facilities, including the Credit Agreement and Receivables Securitization Program, and the indentures governing our existing senior notes and any other debt or other agreements to which we are or may become a party, may be affected by events beyond our control, including prevailing economic, financial and industry conditions. Even if we are able to comply with all of the applicable covenants, the restrictions on our ability to manage our business in our sole discretion could adversely affect our business by, among other things, limiting our ability to take advantage of financings, mergers, acquisitions and other corporate opportunities that we believe would be beneficial to us.
General economic conditions may adversely affect demand for our products and services.
Poor or deteriorating economic conditions in the United States and the other countries in which we conduct business could adversely affect the demand for healthcare services and consequently, the demand for our products and services. Poor economic conditions also could lead our suppliers to offer less favorable terms of purchase to distributors, which would negatively affect our profitability. These and other possible consequences of financial and economic decline could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our global operations increase the extent of our exposure to the economic, political, currency, regulatory and other risks of international operations.
Our global operations involve issues and risks, including but not limited to the following, any of which could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations:
•Lack of familiarity with and expertise in conducting business in foreign markets;
•Foreign currency fluctuations and exchange risk;
•Unexpected changes in foreign regulations or conditions relating to labor, the economic or political environment, and social norms or requirements;
•Adverse tax consequences and difficulties in repatriating cash generated or held abroad;
•Local economic environments, recession, inflation, indebtedness, currency volatility and competition; and
•Changes in trade protection laws and other laws affecting trade and investment, including import/export regulations in both the United States and foreign countries.
The market price for our common stock may be highly volatile.
The market price for our common stock may be highly volatile. A variety of factors may have a significant impact on the market price of our common stock, including, but not limited to:
•the publication of earnings estimates or other research reports and speculation in the press or investment community;
•the financial projections we may provide to the public, any changes in these projections or our failure to meet these projections;
•changes in our industry and competitors;
•changes in government or legislation;
•changes in our board of directors or management;
•our financial condition, results of operations and cash flows and prospects;
•activism by any single large shareholder or combination of shareholders;
•lawsuits threatened or filed against us;
•any future issuances of our common stock, which may include primary offerings for cash, stock splits, issuances in connection with business acquisitions, issuances of restricted stock/units and the grant or exercise of stock options from time to time;
•trading volume of our common stock;
•general market and economic conditions;
•any outbreak or escalation of hostilities in areas where we do business;
•impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, any worsening of the COVID-19 pandemic, or future outbreaks and any future pandemics; and
•the other factors discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors in our Annual Report on Form 10-K, any of which could have a material effect on us.
In addition, the NYSE can experience price and volume fluctuations that can be unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of the companies listed on NYSE. Broad market and industry factors may negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of actual operating performance. In the past, following periods of volatility in the market price of a company’s securities, securities class action litigation has often been instituted against companies. This type of litigation, if instituted, could result in substantial costs and a diversion of management’s attention and resources, which could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Changing conditions in the United States healthcare industry may impact our results of operations.
A large percentage of our revenue is derived in the United States. We, along with our customers and suppliers, are subject to extensive federal and state regulations relating to healthcare as well as the policies and practices of the private healthcare insurance industry. In recent years, there have been a number of government and private initiatives to reduce healthcare costs and government spending. These changes have included an increased reliance on managed care; reductions in Medicare and Medicaid reimbursement levels; consolidation of competitors, suppliers and customers; a shift in healthcare provider venues from acute care settings to clinics, physician offices and home care; and the development of larger, more sophisticated purchasing groups. All of these changes place additional financial pressure on healthcare provider customers, who in turn seek to reduce the costs and pricing of products and services provided by us. We expect the healthcare industry to continue to change significantly and these potential changes, which may include a reduction in government support of healthcare services, adverse changes in legislation or regulations, and further reductions in healthcare reimbursement practices, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations and financial condition.
Our continued success is substantially dependent on positive perceptions of our reputation.
One of the reasons why customers choose to do business with us and why teammates choose us as a place of employment is the reputation that we have built over many years. To be successful in the future, we must continue to preserve, grow and leverage the value of our brand. Reputational value is based in large part on perceptions of subjective qualities. Even an isolated incident, or the aggregate effect of individually insignificant incidents, can erode trust and confidence, particularly if they result in adverse publicity, governmental investigations or litigation, and as a result, could tarnish our brand and lead to adverse effects on our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We may experience competition from third-party online commerce sites.
Traditional distribution relationships are being challenged by online commerce solutions. Such competition will require us to cost-effectively adapt to changing technology, to continue to provide enhanced service offerings and to continue to differentiate our business (including with additional value-added services) to address demands of consumers and customers on a timely basis. The emergence of such competition and our inability to anticipate and effectively respond to changes on a timely basis could have a material adverse effect on our business.
Our goodwill may become impaired, which would require us to record a significant charge to earnings in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
U.S. GAAP requires us to test our goodwill for impairment on an annual basis, or more frequently if indicators for potential impairment exist. The testing required by GAAP involves estimates and judgments by management. Although we believe our assumptions and estimates are reasonable and appropriate, any changes in key assumptions, including a failure to meet business plans or other unanticipated events and circumstances such as a rise in interest rates, may affect the accuracy or validity of such estimates. No impairment charges to goodwill were recorded in 2021, 2020, or 2019. We may be required to record a significant charge to earnings in our consolidated financial statements during the period in which any impairment of our goodwill is determined, which charge could adversely affect our results of operations.
We may be adversely affected by global climate change or by legal, regulatory or market responses to such change.
The long-term effects of climate change are difficult to predict and may be widespread. The impacts may include physical risks (such as rising sea levels or frequency and severity of extreme weather conditions), social and human effects (such as population dislocations or harm to health and well-being), compliance costs and transition risks (such as regulatory or technology changes) and other adverse effects. The effects could impair, for example, the availability and cost of certain products, commodities and energy (including utilities), which in turn may impact our ability to procure goods or services required for the operation of our business at the quantities and levels we require. We bear losses incurred as a result of, for example, physical damage to or destruction of our facilities (such as distribution centers), loss or spoilage of inventory, and business interruption due to weather events that may be attributable to climate change. These events and impacts could materially adversely affect our business operations and our financial position or results of operations.