UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
__________
FORM 10-Q
| ☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
For the quarterly period ended August 31, 2022
OR
| ☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 | |||||||
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number 001-5721
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its Charter)
| New York | 13-2615557 | ||||||||||
| (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | ||||||||||
| 520 Madison Avenue | New York, | New York | 10022 | ||||||||
| (Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code) | ||||||||||
(212) 460-1900
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)
N/A
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
______________________
Securities registered or to be registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered | ||||||
| Common Shares, par value $1 per share | JEF | New York Stock Exchange | ||||||
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||
| Smaller reporting company | ☐ | Emerging growth company | ☐ | ||||||||||||||||||||
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
The number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer's classes of common stock at September 29, 2022 was 228,990,088.
1
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||
| Index to Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q | |||||
| August 31, 2022 | |||||
| PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION | |||||
| Page | |||||
| PART II. OTHER INFORMATION | |||||
2
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
Item 1. Financial Statements.
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition
August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021
(Dollars in thousands, except par value)
(Unaudited)
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| ASSETS | |||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,477,540 | $ | 10,755,133 | |||||||
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations | 984,252 | 1,015,107 | |||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value (including securities pledged of $13,724,325 and $12,723,502) | 20,249,284 | 19,828,670 | |||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | 1,753,323 | 1,745,790 | |||||||||
| Securities borrowed | 6,607,954 | 6,409,420 | |||||||||
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 4,107,389 | 7,642,484 | |||||||||
| Securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | 7,289 | |||||||||
| Receivables | 6,698,626 | 7,839,240 | |||||||||
| Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | 912,842 | 911,230 | |||||||||
| Intangible assets, net and goodwill | 1,874,435 | 1,897,500 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 2,414,580 | 2,352,247 | |||||||||
| Total assets (1) | $ | 55,229,811 | $ | 60,404,110 | |||||||
| LIABILITIES | |||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings | $ | 564,239 | $ | 221,863 | |||||||
| Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | 11,548,070 | 11,699,467 | |||||||||
| Securities loaned | 1,315,409 | 1,525,721 | |||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | 7,564,342 | 8,446,099 | |||||||||
| Other secured financings | 2,154,491 | 4,487,224 | |||||||||
| Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | 7,289 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | 542,028 | 548,295 | |||||||||
| Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities | 12,257,426 | 13,612,367 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | 8,635,466 | 9,125,745 | |||||||||
| Total liabilities (1) | 44,731,057 | 49,674,070 | |||||||||
| Commitments and contingencies | |||||||||||
| MEZZANINE EQUITY | |||||||||||
| Redeemable noncontrolling interests | 13,378 | 25,400 | |||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares | 125,000 | 125,000 | |||||||||
| EQUITY | |||||||||||
Common shares, par value $1 per share, authorized 600,000,000 shares; 228,807,229 and 243,541,431 shares issued and outstanding, after deducting 87,656,479 and 72,922,277 shares held in treasury | 228,807 | 243,541 | |||||||||
| Additional paid-in capital | 2,063,460 | 2,742,244 | |||||||||
| Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | (350,370) | (372,143) | |||||||||
| Retained earnings | 8,350,634 | 7,940,113 | |||||||||
| Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. shareholders' equity | 10,292,531 | 10,553,755 | |||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests (1) | 67,845 | 25,885 | |||||||||
| Total equity | 10,360,376 | 10,579,640 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 55,229,811 | $ | 60,404,110 | |||||||
(1) Total assets include assets related to variable interest entities of $951.0 million and $1.05 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, Total liabilities include liabilities related to variable interest entities of $2.19 billion and $4.64 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, and Noncontrolling interests include noncontrolling interests related to variable interest entities of $34.6 million at August 31, 2022. See Note 7 for additional information related to variable interest entities.
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
3
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Operations
For the periods ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commissions and other fees | $ | 221,397 | $ | 214,363 | $ | 705,419 | $ | 673,756 | |||||||||||||||
| Principal transactions | 200,889 | 232,110 | 654,633 | 1,513,034 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment banking | 709,334 | 1,180,620 | 2,255,241 | 3,184,932 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest income | 318,216 | 220,278 | 776,896 | 691,223 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 387,091 | 293,223 | 1,005,685 | 947,566 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | 1,836,927 | 2,140,594 | 5,397,874 | 7,010,511 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense of Jefferies Group | 312,037 | 201,610 | 771,987 | 634,078 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net revenues | 1,524,890 | 1,938,984 | 4,625,887 | 6,376,433 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 123,436 | 151,510 | 349,556 | 390,916 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 558,462 | 802,243 | 1,926,623 | 2,806,028 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 84,686 | 68,982 | 262,663 | 222,208 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 398,222 | 277,262 | 1,011,760 | 890,759 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 10,220 | 19,518 | 28,619 | 59,828 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 43,187 | 38,677 | 129,431 | 116,884 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 536,315 | 404,439 | 1,432,473 | 1,289,679 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 1,218,213 | 1,358,192 | 3,708,652 | 4,486,623 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 306,677 | 580,792 | 917,235 | 1,889,810 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | (4,827) | (27,176) | (56,512) | (61,270) | |||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | 301,850 | 553,616 | 860,723 | 1,828,540 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | 105,909 | 145,700 | 219,949 | 484,756 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | 195,941 | 407,916 | 640,774 | 1,343,784 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | 1,243 | 1,324 | 1,116 | 2,736 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests | 345 | 68 | 1,241 | 1,071 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | (2,070) | (1,849) | (6,211) | (5,101) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | $ | 195,459 | $ | 407,459 | $ | 636,920 | $ | 1,342,490 | |||||||||||||||
Basic earnings per common share attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 0.80 | $ | 1.54 | $ | 2.54 | $ | 5.05 | |||||||||||||||
Diluted earnings per common share attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 0.78 | $ | 1.50 | $ | 2.48 | $ | 4.93 | |||||||||||||||
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
4
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss)
For the periods ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 195,941 | $ | 407,916 | $ | 640,774 | $ | 1,343,784 | |||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income (loss): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities arising during the period, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(159), $(16), $(336) and $(43) | (490) | (49) | (1,036) | (136) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net change in unrealized holding gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(159), $(16), $(336) and $(43) | (490) | (49) | (1,036) | (136) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net foreign currency translation adjustments arising during the period, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(6,605), $(2,942), $(15,095) and $1,659 | (26,354) | (9,203) | (49,043) | 5,273 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net change in foreign currency translation adjustments, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(6,605), $(2,942), $(15,095) and $1,659 | (26,354) | (9,203) | (49,043) | 5,273 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net change in instrument-specific credit risk arising during the period, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(2,354), $4,352, $22,380 and $(24,157) | (7,312) | 13,501 | 69,864 | (74,661) | |||||||||||||||||||
Less: reclassification adjustment for changes in instrument-specific credit risk included in net income, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(44), $(321), $(52) and $599 | 137 | 998 | 161 | (1,861) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net change in instrument-specific credit risk gains (losses), net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(2,310), $4,673, $22,432 and $(24,756) | (7,175) | 14,499 | 70,025 | (76,522) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net pension gains (losses) arising during the period, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $0, $0, $0 and $0 | — | — | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Reclassification adjustment for pension (gains) losses included in net income, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(212), $(270), $(624) and $(795) | 626 | 778 | 1,827 | 2,329 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net change in pension liability, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $212, $270, $624 and $795 | 626 | 778 | 1,827 | 2,329 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (33,393) | 6,025 | 21,773 | (69,056) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive income | 162,548 | 413,941 | 662,547 | 1,274,728 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | 1,243 | 1,324 | 1,116 | 2,736 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Comprehensive loss attributable to the redeemable noncontrolling interests | 345 | 68 | 1,241 | 1,071 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Preferred stock dividends | (2,070) | (1,849) | (6,211) | (5,101) | |||||||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | $ | 162,066 | $ | 413,484 | $ | 658,693 | $ | 1,273,434 | |||||||||||||||
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
5
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
For the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net cash flows from operating activities: | |||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 640,774 | $ | 1,343,784 | |||||||
| Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operations: | |||||||||||
| Deferred income tax benefit | (47,003) | (32,865) | |||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 133,081 | 125,957 | |||||||||
| Share-based compensation | 32,960 | 71,219 | |||||||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts | 31,246 | 48,091 | |||||||||
| (Income) loss related to associated companies | 19,655 | (125,962) | |||||||||
| Distributions from associated companies | 73,405 | 49,068 | |||||||||
| Gain on sale of subsidiaries | (144,301) | — | |||||||||
| Net change in: | |||||||||||
Securities deposited with clearing and depository organizations | — | 34,237 | |||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value | (467,219) | (1,603,274) | |||||||||
Securities borrowed | (226,045) | 724,187 | |||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 3,490,151 | (2,911,738) | |||||||||
Receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations | 974,330 | 264,375 | |||||||||
Receivables from customers of securities operations | 148,994 | (581,647) | |||||||||
Other receivables | 9,390 | (107,228) | |||||||||
Other assets | (78,756) | (86,865) | |||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | (70,700) | 2,724,767 | |||||||||
Securities loaned | (191,463) | (48,397) | |||||||||
Securities sold under agreements to repurchase | (843,502) | (748,003) | |||||||||
Payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations | 516,573 | 708,810 | |||||||||
Payables to customers of securities operations | (792,280) | 39,890 | |||||||||
| Lease liabilities | (59,677) | (46,991) | |||||||||
| Trade payables, expense accruals and other liabilities | (1,099,640) | 302,689 | |||||||||
| Other | (602,781) | (57,559) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,447,192 | 86,545 | |||||||||
| Net cash flows from investing activities: | |||||||||||
| Acquisitions of property, equipment and leasehold improvements, and other assets | (131,994) | (115,998) | |||||||||
Proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net of expenses and cash of operations sold | 209,274 | — | |||||||||
| Advances on notes, loans and other receivables | (413,490) | (454,916) | |||||||||
| Collections on notes, loans and other receivables | 344,207 | 294,675 | |||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | (370,665) | (2,291,788) | |||||||||
| Capital distributions and loan repayments from associated companies | 265,651 | 2,308,786 | |||||||||
| Deconsolidation of asset management entity | (21,221) | — | |||||||||
| Other | 12,128 | 2,575 | |||||||||
| Net cash used for investing activities | $ | (106,110) | $ | (256,666) | |||||||
(continued)
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
6
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, continued
For the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
| For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net cash flows from financing activities: | |||||||||||
| Issuance of debt, net of issuance costs | $ | 3,792,858 | $ | 1,465,707 | |||||||
| Repayment of debt | (3,200,762) | (1,580,894) | |||||||||
| Net change in other secured financings | (2,332,733) | 1,051,357 | |||||||||
| Net change in bank overdrafts | (5,238) | (6,350) | |||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | (15,997) | |||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 64,298 | 3,590 | |||||||||
| Purchase of common shares for treasury | (738,572) | (181,866) | |||||||||
| Dividends paid | (211,774) | (161,330) | |||||||||
| Other | 2,187 | 1,631 | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (2,629,736) | 575,848 | |||||||||
| Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (20,183) | 1,704 | |||||||||
| Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (1,308,837) | 407,431 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 11,828,304 | 9,664,972 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 10,519,467 | $ | 10,072,403 | |||||||
The following presents our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash by category within the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition to the total of the same amounts in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows above (in thousands):
| August 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9,477,540 | $ | 9,480,914 | |||||||
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations | 984,252 | 514,519 | |||||||||
| Other assets | 57,675 | 76,970 | |||||||||
| Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | $ | 10,519,467 | $ | 10,072,403 | |||||||
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
7
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands, except par value and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. Common Shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Shares $1 Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Subtotal | Noncontrolling Interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 1, 2022 | $ | 232,321 | $ | 2,156,366 | $ | (316,977) | $ | 8,228,467 | $ | 10,300,177 | $ | 67,962 | $ | 10,368,139 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | 195,459 | 195,459 | 195,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | — | (1,243) | (1,243) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes | (33,393) | (33,393) | (33,393) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | 1,127 | 1,127 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 9,961 | 9,961 | 9,961 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests | 5,118 | 5,118 | 5,118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common shares for treasury | (3,671) | (112,678) | (116,349) | (116,349) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.30 per common share) | (73,292) | (73,292) | (73,292) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 157 | 4,693 | 4,850 | (1) | 4,849 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2022 | $ | 228,807 | $ | 2,063,460 | $ | (350,370) | $ | 8,350,634 | $ | 10,292,531 | $ | 67,845 | $ | 10,360,376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. Common Shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Shares $1 Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Subtotal | Noncontrolling Interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, June 1, 2021 | $ | 247,032 | $ | 2,849,487 | $ | (363,998) | $ | 7,340,113 | $ | 10,072,634 | $ | 22,730 | $ | 10,095,364 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | 407,459 | 407,459 | 407,459 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | — | (1,324) | (1,324) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | 6,025 | 6,025 | 6,025 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | 156 | 156 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | (2,731) | (2,731) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 6,962 | 6,962 | 6,962 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests | 1,908 | 1,908 | 1,908 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common shares for treasury | (1,500) | (50,269) | (51,769) | (51,769) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.25 per common share) | (66,084) | (66,084) | (66,084) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 25 | 4,723 | 4,748 | (1) | 4,747 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2021 | $ | 245,557 | $ | 2,812,811 | $ | (357,973) | $ | 7,681,488 | $ | 10,381,883 | $ | 18,830 | $ | 10,400,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
8
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
For the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021
(In thousands, except par value and per share amounts)
(Unaudited)
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. Common Shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Shares $1 Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Subtotal | Noncontrolling Interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 1, 2021 | $ | 243,541 | $ | 2,742,244 | $ | (372,143) | $ | 7,940,113 | $ | 10,553,755 | $ | 25,885 | $ | 10,579,640 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | 636,920 | 636,920 | 636,920 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | — | (1,116) | (1,116) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive income, net of income taxes | 21,773 | 21,773 | 21,773 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | 64,298 | 64,298 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 32,960 | 32,960 | 32,960 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests | (8,010) | (8,010) | (8,010) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Deconsolidation of asset management entity | — | (21,221) | (21,221) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common shares for treasury | (21,722) | (716,850) | (738,572) | (738,572) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.90 per common share) | (226,399) | (226,399) | (226,399) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 6,988 | 13,116 | 20,104 | (1) | 20,103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2022 | $ | 228,807 | $ | 2,063,460 | $ | (350,370) | $ | 8,350,634 | $ | 10,292,531 | $ | 67,845 | $ | 10,360,376 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. Common Shareholders | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Common Shares $1 Par Value | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Subtotal | Noncontrolling Interests | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 1, 2020 | $ | 249,751 | $ | 2,911,223 | $ | (288,917) | $ | 6,531,836 | $ | 9,403,893 | $ | 34,632 | $ | 9,438,525 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Cumulative effect of the adoption of accounting standards | (19,915) | (19,915) | (19,915) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, December 1, 2020, as adjusted | 249,751 | 2,911,223 | (288,917) | 6,511,921 | 9,383,978 | 34,632 | 9,418,610 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | 1,342,490 | 1,342,490 | 1,342,490 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net loss attributable to the noncontrolling interests | — | (2,736) | (2,736) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other comprehensive loss, net of income taxes | (69,056) | (69,056) | (69,056) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Contributions from noncontrolling interests | — | 3,590 | 3,590 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Distributions to noncontrolling interests | — | (15,997) | (15,997) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Share-based compensation expense | 71,219 | 71,219 | 71,219 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Change in fair value of redeemable noncontrolling interests | (8,865) | (8,865) | (8,865) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Purchase of common shares for treasury | (6,603) | (175,263) | (181,866) | (181,866) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Dividends ($0.65 per common share) | (172,923) | (172,923) | (172,923) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 2,409 | 14,497 | 16,906 | (659) | 16,247 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, August 31, 2021 | $ | 245,557 | $ | 2,812,811 | $ | (357,973) | $ | 7,681,488 | $ | 10,381,883 | $ | 18,830 | $ | 10,400,713 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
See notes to interim consolidated financial statements.
9
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc. and Subsidiaries | |||||
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||
| Index | |||||
| Note | Page | ||||
10
JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
Note 1. Nature of Operations
Jefferies Financial Group Inc. ("Jefferies," "we," "our" or the "Company") is engaged in investment banking and capital markets, and asset management. Our strategy focuses on continuing to build out our investment banking effort, enhancing our capital markets businesses and further developing our Leucadia Asset Management alternative asset management platform, while returning excess capital to shareholders. Jefferies Group LLC ("Jefferies Group"), our largest subsidiary, is the largest independent U.S.-headquartered global full-service integrated investment banking and capital markets firm.
Jefferies Group operates in two business segments: Investment Banking and Capital Markets, and Asset Management. Investment Banking and Capital Markets includes investment banking, capital markets and other related services. Investment banking provides underwriting and financial advisory services to clients across most industry sectors in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. Capital markets businesses operate across the spectrum of equities and fixed income products.
Within Asset Management, we manage, invest in and provide services to a diverse group of alternative asset management platforms across a spectrum of investment strategies and asset classes. Asset Management offers institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies through its affiliated managers.
We own a legacy portfolio of businesses and investments that we historically denominated as our "Merchant Banking" business and are reflected in our consolidated results as consolidated subsidiaries, equity investments, securities or in other ways. We are well along in the process of liquidating this portfolio, with the intention of selling to third parties, distributing to shareholders or transferring the balance of this portfolio to our Asset Management reportable segment over the next few years. In adhering to our long-standing fundamental strategy of focusing on building our investment banking and capital markets businesses and reducing the size of our Merchant Banking portfolio, during the three months ended August 31, 2022, we sold our wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary, Idaho Timber, in two transactions at a combined sales price of $239.3 million. The pre-tax gain recognized as a result of the sale of Idaho Timber, $139.0 million in the Merchant Banking segment during the three months ended August 31, 2022, is classified as Other revenue.
We continue to work diligently to effect the spin-off to shareholders of our holdings in Vitesse Energy, LLC ("Vitesse Energy") by the end of our fiscal year, subject to necessary regulatory reviews and rulings. That spin-off will involve the formation of a new standalone entity, Vitesse Energy, Inc., that will ultimately be a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Jefferies expects that its ownership interests in Vitesse Energy, Inc. will be distributed tax-free on a pro rata basis to all shareholders. At August 31, 2022, Vitesse Energy had a net book value of $505.3 million. In addition, Jefferies expects to streamline and simplify its corporate structure by merging Jefferies Group into Jefferies by fiscal year-end 2022. This merger will, among other things, eliminate the requirement for two sets of Form 10-Qs, Form 10-Ks, and other duplicative processes at Jefferies and Jefferies Group, and result in Jefferies parent company assuming commitments and obligations of Jefferies Group.
Our Merchant Banking reportable segment primarily includes OpNet S.p.A. ("OpNet") (formerly known as Linkem) (fixed wireless broadband services in Italy); Vitesse Energy (oil and gas production and development); real estate, primarily HomeFed LLC ("HomeFed"); Idaho Timber (manufacturing) prior to its sale in August 2022 and FXCM Group, LLC ("FXCM") (provider of online foreign exchange trading services).
On December 1, 2021, we made a $477 million contribution of net assets, including both Merchant Banking and Asset Management investments, to Jefferies Group. The transferred Merchant Banking investments are now being managed by a different management team, while the Asset Management investments continue to be managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management who oversee all asset management activities across the Company. As a result, we transferred $194 million of net assets out of our Merchant Banking segment: $139 million of these net assets, including $48 million of net assets relating to Foursight Capital LLC ("Foursight"), were transferred into our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment; the remaining $55 million of net assets transferred are now managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management and are included in our Asset Management segment. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current segment reporting.
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Note 2. Basis of Presentation and Significant Accounting Policies
Our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q and, therefore, do not include all information and footnotes which are normally included in our Form 10-K. These financial statements reflect all adjustments (consisting of normal recurring items or items discussed herein) that management believes are necessary to fairly state results for the interim periods presented. Results of operations for interim periods are not necessarily indicative of annual results of operations. For a detailed discussion about the Company's significant accounting policies, see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2021 ("2021 10-K").
The preparation of these financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts in the financial statements and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities. On an ongoing basis, we evaluate all of these estimates and assumptions. During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, there were no significant changes made to the Company's significant accounting policies.
Receivables
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Receivables include receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations of $3.89 billion and $4.90 billion, respectively, and receivables from customers of securities operations of $1.47 billion and $1.62 billion, respectively.
Foursight, Jefferies Group's wholly-owned subsidiary, is an automobile loan originator and servicer. Foursight had automobile loan receivables, including accrued interest and related fees, of $887.7 million and $812.6 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, which are classified as either held for investment or held for sale depending on the intent to hold the underlying collateral and which are collateralized by a security interest in the vehicles' titles. Of these amounts, $826.6 million and $682.7 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, were in securitized vehicles. See Notes 6 and 7 for additional information on Foursight's securitization activities. Additionally, automobile loan receivables of $29.8 million and $103.0 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, were pledged for loans outstanding under credit facilities. Foursight's automobile loan receivables held for investment consisted of approximately 16% and 19% with credit scores 680 and above, 47% and 51% with scores between 620 and 679 and 37% and 30% with scores below 620 at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
A rollforward of the allowance for credit losses related to receivables for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Beginning balance | $ | 86,025 | $ | 79,254 | $ | 75,999 | $ | 53,926 | |||||||||||||||
| Adjustment for change in accounting principle for current expected credit losses | — | — | — | 26,519 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Provision for doubtful accounts (1) | 12,820 | (848) | 31,246 | 48,091 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Charge-offs, net of recoveries (1) | (7,057) | (1,777) | (15,457) | (51,907) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Sale of subsidiary | (729) | — | (729) | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Ending balance | $ | 91,059 | $ | 76,629 | $ | 91,059 | $ | 76,629 | |||||||||||||||
(1) The nine months ended August 31, 2021 includes a $39.0 million bad debt expense related to our prime brokerage business, recorded during the second quarter of 2021.
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Other Investments
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, the Company had other investments (classified as Other assets and Loans to and investments in associated companies) in which fair values are not readily determinable, aggregating $97.4 million and $119.4 million, respectively. There were no impairments on these investments during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021.
Capitalization of Interest
We capitalize interest on qualifying HomeFed real estate assets. Capitalized interest of $3.4 million and $2.2 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $10.0 million and $6.4 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was allocated among all of HomeFed's projects that are currently under development.
Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities include payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations of $6.30 billion and $5.82 billion, respectively, and payables to customers of securities operations of $3.67 billion and $4.46 billion, respectively.
Supplemental Cash Flow Information
| For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | |||||||||||
| (In thousands) | 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||
| Cash paid during the year for: | |||||||||||
| Interest | $ | 880,379 | $ | 737,935 | |||||||
Income tax payments (refunds), net | $ | 138,468 | $ | 516,714 | |||||||
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Note 3. Fair Value Disclosures
The following is a summary of our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis, excluding Investments at fair value based on net asset value ("NAV") of $1.30 billion and $1.03 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, by level within the fair value hierarchy (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 3,434,945 | $ | 97,455 | $ | 197,817 | $ | — | $ | 3,730,217 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | — | 3,264,475 | 18,212 | — | 3,282,687 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations | — | 440,441 | 49,928 | — | 490,369 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 4,303,598 | 55,547 | — | — | 4,359,145 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | — | 206,214 | — | — | 206,214 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 643,476 | 774,861 | — | — | 1,418,337 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 1,564,010 | 25,743 | — | 1,589,753 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 301,004 | 31,610 | — | 332,614 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | — | 226,140 | 91,493 | — | 317,633 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | — | 2,511,984 | 117,594 | — | 2,629,578 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 1,067 | 3,084,619 | 15,934 | (2,727,694) | 373,926 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | — | 3,705 | 185,478 | — | 189,183 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | — | — | 30,105 | — | 30,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value, excluding investments at fair value based on NAV | $ | 8,383,086 | $ | 12,530,455 | $ | 763,914 | $ | (2,727,694) | $ | 18,949,761 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | $ | — | $ | 1,683 | $ | 30,717 | $ | — | $ | 32,400 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Securities received as collateral, at fair value | $ | 149,586 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 149,586 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 1,793,307 | $ | 37,798 | $ | 2,570 | $ | — | $ | 1,833,675 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | — | 1,940,464 | 427 | — | 1,940,891 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations | — | 328 | 354 | — | 682 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 2,601,469 | — | — | — | 2,601,469 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 697,326 | 783,199 | — | — | 1,480,525 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 3,800 | 455 | — | 4,255 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | — | 2,209,866 | 12,694 | — | 2,222,560 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 81 | 3,934,436 | 88,432 | (2,558,936) | 1,464,013 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | $ | 5,092,183 | $ | 8,909,891 | $ | 104,932 | $ | (2,558,936) | $ | 11,548,070 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,362 | $ | — | $ | 2,362 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | — | $ | 796,295 | $ | 721,115 | $ | — | $ | 1,517,410 | |||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | $ | 149,586 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 149,586 | |||||||||||||||||||
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| November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Level 1 | Level 2 | Level 3 | Counterparty and Cash Collateral Netting (1) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 2,737,255 | $ | 257,318 | $ | 87,647 | $ | — | $ | 3,082,220 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | — | 3,836,341 | 11,803 | — | 3,848,144 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Collateralized debt obligations and collateralized loan obligations | — | 579,518 | 31,946 | — | 611,464 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 3,045,295 | 68,784 | — | — | 3,114,079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | — | 509,559 | — | — | 509,559 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 899,086 | 654,199 | — | — | 1,553,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 1,168,246 | 1,477 | — | 1,169,723 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | 196,419 | 2,333 | — | 198,752 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | — | 337,022 | 93,524 | — | 430,546 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | — | 3,363,050 | 135,239 | — | 3,498,289 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 4,429 | 3,861,551 | 10,248 | (3,305,756) | 570,472 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | — | 11,369 | 154,373 | — | 165,742 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | — | — | 50,455 | — | 50,455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments owned, at fair value, excluding investments at fair value based on NAV | $ | 6,686,065 | $ | 14,843,376 | $ | 579,045 | $ | (3,305,756) | $ | 18,802,730 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 30,842 | $ | — | $ | 30,842 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Securities received as collateral, at fair value | $ | 7,289 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,289 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 1,671,696 | $ | 19,654 | $ | 4,635 | $ | — | $ | 1,695,985 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | — | 2,111,777 | 482 | — | 2,112,259 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 2,457,420 | — | — | — | 2,457,420 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 935,801 | 593,040 | — | — | 1,528,841 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Residential mortgage-backed securities | — | 719 | — | — | 719 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage-backed securities | — | — | 210 | — | 210 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | — | 2,476,087 | 15,770 | — | 2,491,857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | 1,815 | 5,034,544 | 78,017 | (3,702,200) | 1,412,176 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | $ | 5,066,732 | $ | 10,235,821 | $ | 99,114 | $ | (3,702,200) | $ | 11,699,467 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | $ | — | $ | 76,883 | $ | 25,905 | $ | — | $ | 102,788 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | — | $ | 961,866 | $ | 881,732 | $ | — | $ | 1,843,598 | |||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | $ | 7,289 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 7,289 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents counterparty and cash collateral netting across the levels of the fair value hierarchy for positions with the same counterparty.
The following is a description of the valuation basis, including valuation techniques and inputs, used in measuring our financial assets and liabilities that are accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis:
Corporate Equity Securities
•Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Exchange-traded equity securities are measured based on quoted closing exchange prices, which are generally obtained from external pricing services, and are categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy, otherwise they are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. To the extent these securities are
15
actively traded, valuation adjustments are not applied.
•Non-Exchange-Traded Equity Securities: Non-exchange-traded equity securities are measured primarily using broker quotations, pricing data from external pricing services and prices observed from recently executed market transactions and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity securities are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and measured using valuation techniques involving quoted prices of or market data for comparable companies, similar company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/Earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization ("EBITDA"), price/book value), discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed from subsequent financing or capital issuance by Jefferies Group. When using pricing data of comparable companies, judgment must be applied to adjust the pricing data to account for differences between the measured security and the comparable security (e.g., issuer market capitalization, yield, dividend rate, geographical concentration).
•Equity Warrants: Non-exchange-traded equity warrants are measured primarily from observed prices on recently executed market transactions and broker quotations and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Where such information is not available, non-exchange-traded equity warrants are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and can be measured using third-party valuation services or the Black-Scholes model with key inputs impacting the valuation including the underlying security price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date.
Corporate Debt Securities
•Investment Grade Corporate Bonds: Investment grade corporate bonds are measured primarily using pricing data from external pricing services and broker quotations, where available, prices observed from recently executed market transactions and bond spreads or credit default swap spreads of the issuer adjusted for basis differences between the swap curve and the bond curve. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using these valuation methods are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. If broker quotes, pricing data or spread data is not available, alternative valuation techniques are used including cash flow models incorporating interest rate curves, single name or index credit default swap curves for comparable issuers and recovery rate assumptions. Investment grade corporate bonds measured using alternative valuation techniques are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are a limited portion of our investment grade corporate bonds.
•High Yield Corporate and Convertible Bonds: A significant portion of our high yield corporate and convertible bonds are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy and are measured primarily using broker quotations and pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and prices observed from recently executed market transactions of institutional size. Where pricing data is less observable, valuations are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy and are based on pending transactions involving the issuer or comparable issuers, prices implied from an issuer's subsequent financing or recapitalization, models incorporating financial ratios and projected cash flows of the issuer and market prices for comparable issuers.
Collateralized Debt Obligations and Collateralized Loan Obligations
Collateralized debt obligations ("CDOs") and collateralized loan obligations ("CLOs") are measured based on prices observed from recently executed market transactions of the same or similar security or based on valuations received from third-party brokers or data providers and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs. Valuation that is based on recently executed market transactions of similar securities incorporates additional review and analysis of pricing inputs and comparability criteria, including, but not limited to, collateral type, tranche type, rating, origination year, prepayment rates, default rates and loss severity.
U.S. Government and Federal Agency Securities
•U.S. Treasury Securities: U.S. Treasury securities are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
•U.S. Agency Debt Securities: Callable and non-callable U.S. agency debt securities are measured primarily based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services and are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Municipal Securities
Municipal securities are measured based on quoted prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size and are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
16
Sovereign Obligations
Sovereign government obligations are measured based on quoted market prices obtained from external pricing services, where available, or recently executed independent transactions of comparable size. Sovereign government obligations, with consideration given to the country of issuance, are generally categorized within Level 1 or Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities
•Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities: Agency residential mortgage-backed securities include mortgage pass-through securities (fixed and adjustable rate), collateralized mortgage obligations and principal-only and interest-only (including inverse interest-only) securities. Agency residential mortgage-backed securities are generally measured using recent transactions, pricing data from external pricing services or expected future cash flow techniques that incorporate prepayment models and other prepayment assumptions to amortize the underlying mortgage loan collateral and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. We use prices observed from recently executed transactions to develop market-clearing spread and yield assumptions. Valuation inputs with regard to the underlying collateral incorporate factors such as weighted average coupon, loan-to-value, credit scores, geographic location, maximum and average loan size, originator, servicer and weighted average loan age.
•Non-Agency Residential Mortgage-Backed Securities: The fair value of non-agency residential mortgage-backed securities is determined primarily using pricing data from external pricing services, where available, and discounted cash flow methodologies and securities are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observability and significance of the pricing inputs used. Performance attributes of the underlying mortgage loans are evaluated to estimate pricing inputs, such as prepayment rates, default rates and the severity of credit losses. Attributes of the underlying mortgage loans that affect the pricing inputs include, but are not limited to, weighted average coupon; average and maximum loan size; loan-to-value; credit scores; documentation type; geographic location; weighted average loan age; originator; servicer; historical prepayment, default and loss severity experience of the mortgage loan pool; and delinquency rate. Yield curves used in the discounted cash flow models are based on observed market prices for comparable securities and published interest rate data to estimate market yields. In addition, broker quotes, where available, are also referenced to compare prices primarily on interest-only securities.
Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities
•Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities: Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae") project loan bonds are measured based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitization transactions of similar securities with adjustments incorporating an evaluation of various factors, including prepayment speeds, default rates and cash flow structures. Ginnie Mae project loan bonds are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Ginnie Mae multi-family collateralized mortgage obligations ("CMOs"), variable rate Interest Only Securities ("IOs") and fixed rate IOs are generally measured by using prices observed from recently executed market transactions or pricing data from external pricing services, where available, to estimate market-clearing spread levels for purposes of estimating fair value and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy based on the observability of the pricing inputs used. Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") Delegated Underwriting and Servicing ("DUS") mortgage-backed securities are generally measured by using prices observed from recently executed market transactions to estimate market-clearing spread levels for purposes of estimating fair value. Fannie Mae DUS mortgage-backed securities are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
•Non-Agency Commercial Mortgage-Backed Securities: Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities are measured using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, prices observed from recently executed market transactions or based on expected cash flow models that incorporate underlying loan collateral characteristics and performance. Non-agency commercial mortgage-backed securities are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy depending on the observability of the underlying inputs.
Other Asset-Backed Securities
Other asset-backed securities include, but are not limited to, securities backed by automobile loans, credit card receivables, student loans and other consumer loans and are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Valuations are primarily determined using pricing data obtained from external pricing services, broker quotes and prices observed from recently executed market transactions. In addition, recent transaction data from comparable deals is deployed to develop market clearing yields and cumulative loss assumptions. The cumulative loss assumptions are based on the analysis of the underlying collateral and comparisons to earlier deals from the same issuer to gauge the relative performance of the deal.
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Loans and Other Receivables
•Corporate Loans: Corporate loans categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on market consensus pricing service quotations. Where available, market price quotations from external pricing services are reviewed to ensure they are supported by transaction data. Corporate loans categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are measured based on price quotations that are considered to be less transparent, for example, derived using market prices for debt securities of the same creditor and estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding creditor default and recovery rates and consideration of the issuer's capital structure.
•Participation Certificates in Agency Residential Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in agency residential loans are based on observed market prices of recently executed purchases and sales of similar loans and data provider pricing. The loan participation certificates are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions and availability of data provider pricing.
•Project Loans and Participation Certificates in Ginnie Mae Project and Construction Loans: Valuations of participation certificates in Ginnie Mae project and construction loans are based on inputs corroborated from and benchmarked to observed prices of recent securitizations with similar underlying loan collateral to derive an implied spread. Securitization prices are adjusted to estimate the fair value of the loans to account for the arbitrage that is realized at the time of securitization. The measurements are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and volume of recently executed transactions.
•Consumer Loans and Funding Facilities: Consumer and small business whole loans and related funding facilities are valued based on observed market transactions and incorporating valuation inputs including, but not limited to, delinquency and default rates, prepayment rates, borrower characteristics, loan risk grades and loan age. These assets are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
•Escrow and Claim Receivables: Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is based on recent observations in the same receivable. Escrow and claim receivables are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy where fair value is estimated based on reference to market prices and implied yields of debt securities of the same or similar issuers.
Derivatives
•Listed Derivative Contracts: Listed derivative contracts that are actively traded are measured based on quoted exchange prices, broker quotes or vanilla option valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, using observable valuation inputs from the principal market or consensus pricing services. Exchange quotes and/or valuation inputs are generally obtained from external vendors and pricing services. Broker quotes are validated directly through observable and tradeable quotes. Listed derivative contracts that use exchange close prices are generally categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy. All other listed derivative contracts are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy.
•Over-the-Counter ("OTC") Derivative Contracts: OTC derivative contracts are generally valued using models, whose inputs reflect assumptions that we believe market participants would use in valuing the derivative in a current transaction. Where available, valuation inputs are calibrated from observable market data. For many OTC derivative contracts, the valuation models do not involve material subjectivity as the methodologies do not entail significant judgment and the inputs to valuation models do not involve a high degree of subjectivity as the valuation model inputs are readily observable or can be derived from actively quoted markets. OTC derivative contracts are primarily categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy given the observability and significance of the inputs to the valuation models. Where significant inputs to the valuation are unobservable, derivative instruments are categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
OTC options include OTC equity, foreign exchange, interest rate and commodity options measured using various valuation models, such as Black-Scholes, with key inputs including the underlying security price, foreign exchange spot rate, commodity price, implied volatility, dividend yield, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date. Discounted cash flow models are utilized to measure certain OTC derivative contracts including the valuations of our interest rate swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to interest rate curves, valuations of our foreign exchange forwards and swaps, which incorporate observable inputs related to foreign currency spot rates and forward curves and valuations of our commodity swaps and forwards, which incorporate observable inputs related to commodity spot prices and forward curves. Credit default swaps include both index and single-name credit default swaps. Where available, external data is used in measuring index credit default swaps and single-name credit default swaps. For commodity and equity total return swaps, market prices are generally observable for the underlying asset and used as the basis for measuring the fair value of the derivative contracts. Total return swaps executed on other underlyings are measured based on valuations received from external pricing services.
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•Oil Futures Derivatives: Vitesse Energy uses swaps and put options in order to reduce exposure to future oil price fluctuations. Vitesse Energy accounts for the derivative instruments at fair value, which are classified as either Level 1 or Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy. Fair values classified as Level 1 are measured based on quoted closing exchange prices obtained from external pricing services and Level 2 are determined under the income valuation technique using an option-pricing model that is based on directly or indirectly observable inputs.
Investments at Fair Value
Investments at fair value include investments in hedge funds and private equity funds, which are measured at the NAV of the funds, provided by the fund managers and are excluded from the fair value hierarchy. Investments at fair value also include direct equity investments in private companies, which are measured at fair value using valuation techniques internally or by third-party valuation services involving performance data, company ratios and multiples (e.g., price/EBITDA, price/book value) for comparable companies, discounted cash flow analyses and transaction prices observed for subsequent financing or capital issuance by the company. Direct equity investments in private companies are categorized within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
The following tables present information about our investments in entities that have the characteristics of an investment company (in thousands):
| Fair Value (1) | Unfunded Commitments | ||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||
| Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2) | $ | 452,867 | $ | — | |||||||
| Equity Funds (3) | 61,825 | 37,307 | |||||||||
| Commodity Fund (4) | 25,671 | — | |||||||||
| Multi-asset Funds (5) | 406,183 | — | |||||||||
| Other Funds (6) | 352,977 | 65,916 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,299,523 | $ | 103,223 | |||||||
| November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||
| Equity Long/Short Hedge Funds (2) | $ | 466,231 | $ | — | |||||||
| Equity Funds (3) | 46,030 | 17,815 | |||||||||
| Commodity Fund (4) | 24,401 | — | |||||||||
| Multi-asset Funds (5) | 390,224 | — | |||||||||
| Other Funds (6) | 99,054 | 36,090 | |||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,025,940 | $ | 53,905 | |||||||
(1)Where fair value is calculated based on NAV, fair value has been derived from each of the funds' capital statements.
(2)This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in both public and private equity securities in domestic and international markets. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, approximately 57% and 74%, respectively, of the fair value of investments became redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice on December 31, 2021. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, approximately 37% and 21%, respectively, of the fair value of investments in this category cannot be redeemed because these investments include restrictions that do not allow for redemption before November 30, 2023. The remaining investments are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.
(3)The investments in this category include investments in equity funds that invest in the equity of various U.S. and foreign private companies in a broad range of industries. These investments cannot be redeemed; instead distributions are received through the liquidation of the underlying assets of the funds, which are primarily expected to be liquidated in approximately to thirteen years.
(4)This category includes investments in a hedge fund that invests, long and short, primarily in commodities. These investments are redeemable quarterly with 60 days prior written notice.
(5)This category includes investments in hedge funds that invest, long and short, primarily in multi-asset securities in domestic and international markets in both the public and private sectors. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, investments representing approximately 76% and 78%, respectively, of the fair value of investments are redeemable monthly with 60 days prior written notice. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, approximately 17% and 22%, respectively, of the fair value of investments in this category are redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice. At
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August 31, 2022, the remaining investments cannot be redeemed because these investments include restrictions that do not allow for redemption before April 1, 2024.
(6)This category primarily includes investments in a fund that invests in short-term trade receivables and payables that are expected to generally be outstanding between 90 to 120 days and short-term credit instruments, as well as investments in a fund that invests in distressed and special situations long and short credit strategies across sectors and asset types. Investments in this category are primarily redeemable quarterly with 90 days prior written notice.
Investment in FXCM
Our investment in FXCM and associated companies consists of a senior secured term loan due May 6, 2023 ($39.6 million principal outstanding at August 31, 2022), a 50% voting interest in FXCM and rights to a majority of all distributions in respect of the equity of FXCM. Our investment in the FXCM term loan is reported within Financial instruments owned, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We classify our equity investment in FXCM in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Loans to and investments in associated companies, as we have the ability to significantly influence FXCM through our seats on the board of directors.
We estimate the fair value of our term loan by using a valuation model with inputs including management's assumptions concerning the amount and timing of expected cash flows, the loan's implied credit rating and effective yield. Because of these inputs and the degree of judgment involved, we have categorized our term loan within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy.
Loans to and Investments in Associated Companies
Corporate bonds are measured primarily using pricing data from external pricing services and are categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy. Non-exchange-traded equity warrants with no pricing from external pricing services are generally categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. The warrants are measured using the Black-Scholes model with key inputs impacting the valuation including the underlying security price, implied volatility, interest rate curve, strike price and maturity date.
Other Secured Financings
Other secured financings that are accounted for at fair value are classified within Level 2 or Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Fair value is based on estimates of future cash flows incorporating assumptions regarding recovery rates.
Securities Received as Collateral and Obligations to Return Securities Received as Collateral
In connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral. Valuation is based on the price of the underlying security and is categorized within the corresponding leveling guidance above. These financial instruments are typically categorized within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Long-term Debt
Long-term debt includes variable rate, fixed-to-floating rate, equity-linked notes, constant maturity swap, digital and Bermudan structured notes. These are valued using various valuation models that incorporate Jefferies Group's own credit spread, market price quotations from external pricing sources referencing the appropriate interest rate curves, volatilities and other inputs as well as prices for transactions in a given note during the period. Long-term debt notes are generally categorized within Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy, where market trades have been observed during the period or model pricing is available, otherwise the notes are categorized within Level 3.
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Level 3 Rollforwards
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended August 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| Balance, May 31, 2022 | Total gains/ losses (realized and unrealized) (1) | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Issuances | Net transfers into (out of) Level 3 | Balance, August 31, 2022 | Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in earnings relating to instruments still held at August 31, 2022 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 200,961 | $ | (1,603) | $ | 92 | $ | (189) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (1,444) | $ | 197,817 | $ | (1,696) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 20,813 | (605) | 759 | (1,183) | — | — | (1,572) | 18,212 | 699 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | 49,858 | 685 | 13,133 | (4,553) | (3,604) | — | (5,591) | 49,928 | (9,369) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,059 | (3,596) | 94 | — | (32) | — | 28,218 | 25,743 | (2,158) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,870 | (2,663) | — | — | — | — | 32,403 | 31,610 | (621) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | 84,778 | (1,800) | 17,487 | — | (13,217) | — | 4,245 | 91,493 | (7,432) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | 137,752 | 1,616 | 7,065 | (21,492) | (325) | — | (7,022) | 117,594 | 1,536 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | 163,844 | 20,329 | 2,184 | (48) | (831) | — | — | 185,478 | 20,104 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | 51,880 | 10,245 | — | — | (32,020) | — | — | 30,105 | 1,433 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 14,795 | (21,668) | 37,590 | — | — | — | — | 30,717 | (21,668) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | 3,749 | (278) | (940) | 39 | — | — | — | $ | 2,570 | (268) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 401 | 26 | — | — | — | — | — | 427 | (28) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | — | (29) | — | 383 | — | — | — | 354 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 385 | — | — | 70 | — | — | — | 455 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 18,283 | 157 | (16,983) | 1,937 | — | — | 9,300 | 12,694 | (1,428) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives (2) | 74,997 | (23,380) | (1,929) | — | (20,954) | — | 43,764 | 72,498 | 19,719 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | 2,362 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,362 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | 739,353 | (59,521) | — | — | — | — | 41,283 | 721,115 | 75,930 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax. Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for instruments still held at August 31, 2022 were losses of $16.4 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned, at fair value - Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value - Derivatives.
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the three months ended August 31, 2022
During the three months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of assets of $76.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Commercial mortgage-backed securities of $32.4 million, residential mortgage-backed securities of $28.2 million, other asset-backed securities of $9.2 million and loans and other receivables of $6.3 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the three months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of assets of $27.6 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
•Loans and other receivables of $13.4 million, CDOs and CLOs of $5.6 million, other asset-backed securities of $4.9 million and corporate debt securities of $2.1 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
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During the three months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $112.1 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Structured notes within long-term debt of $52.0 million, net derivatives of $49.4 million and loans of $10.6 million due to reduced market and pricing transparency.
During the three months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $17.7 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Structured notes within long-term debt of $10.8 million and net derivatives of $5.7 million due to greater pricing and market transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $0.9 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $83.0 million for the three months ended August 31, 2022. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across investments at fair value, and the FXCM term loan, partially offset by decreases in loans to and investments in associated companies, residential mortgage-backed securities and commercial mortgage-backed securities. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased valuations of structured notes within long-term debt and certain derivatives.
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the three months ended August 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| Balance, May 31, 2021 | Total gains/ losses (realized and unrealized) (1) | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Issuances | Net transfers into (out of) Level 3 | Balance, August 31, 2021 | Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in earnings relating to instruments still held at August 31, 2021 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 86,451 | $ | 36,643 | $ | 208 | $ | (1,488) | $ | (16) | $ | — | $ | 9,943 | $ | 131,741 | $ | 37,731 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 7,985 | 405 | 14,898 | (17,317) | (20) | — | 2,205 | 8,156 | 192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | 26,561 | 2,539 | 50,199 | (33,234) | (1,518) | — | 8,014 | 52,561 | (730) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 6,033 | (42) | — | (417) | (61) | — | (4,077) | 1,436 | (14) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 1,176 | (103) | 1,607 | — | — | — | — | 2,680 | 1,530 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | 70,555 | 30 | 18,611 | (274) | (14,426) | — | 2,937 | 77,433 | (3,145) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | 190,412 | (5,689) | 14,796 | (29,557) | (10,873) | — | (8,118) | 150,971 | (4,409) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | 230,834 | 3,662 | 1,185 | (1) | (382) | — | (69,965) | 165,333 | 3,661 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | 59,155 | (690) | — | — | — | — | — | 58,465 | (690) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 37,287 | (703) | — | — | — | — | — | 36,584 | (703) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 4,462 | $ | (75) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,387 | $ | 75 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 927 | (7) | — | — | — | — | (392) | 528 | 7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 35 | — | — | 105 | — | — | — | 140 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 20,389 | (8) | (3,118) | 1,710 | — | — | 6,239 | 25,212 | 6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives (2) | 227,058 | 20,869 | (1,868) | — | 665 | — | (79,662) | 167,062 | (22,433) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | 2,493 | — | — | — | — | — | — | 2,493 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | 795,098 | (17,106) | — | — | — | 22,330 | (14,710) | 785,612 | 13,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in instrument specific credit risk related to structured notes within long-term debt are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax. Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for instruments still held at August 31, 2021 were gains of $3.9 million during the three months ended August 31, 2021.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned, at fair value - Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value - Derivatives.
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Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the three months ended August 31, 2021
During the three months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of assets of $37.9 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Other asset-backed securities of $13.7 million, loans and other receivables of $13.4 million, CDOs and CLOs of $8.0 million and corporate debt securities of $2.5 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the three months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of assets of $97.0 million from Level 3 to Level 2 or Level 1 are primarily attributed to:
•Investments at fair value of $60.4 million, loans and other receivables of $21.5 million, other assets-backed securities of $10.7 million and residential mortgage-backed securities of $4.1 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2 or Level 1.
During the three months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $51.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Net derivatives of $32.9 million, loans of $9.7 million and structured notes within long-term debt of $9.2 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.
During the three months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $140.3 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Net derivatives of $112.5 million and structured notes within long-term debt of $23.9 million due to greater pricing transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $36.1 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $3.7 million for the three months ended August 31, 2021. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across corporate equity securities, investments at fair value and CDOs and CLOs, partially offset by decreased market values of loans and other receivables. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of certain derivatives, partially offset by decreases in structured notes within long-term debt.
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The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| Balance, November 30, 2021 | Total gains/ losses (realized and unrealized) (1) | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Issuances | Net transfers into (out of) Level 3 | Balance, August 31, 2022 | Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in earnings relating to instruments still held at August 31, 2022 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 87,647 | $ | 36,931 | $ | 63,022 | $ | (2,941) | $ | (298) | $ | — | $ | 13,456 | $ | 197,817 | $ | 36,192 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 11,803 | 3,596 | 5,691 | (16,513) | (9) | — | 13,644 | 18,212 | 1,537 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | 31,946 | 2,573 | 34,756 | (18,933) | (8,178) | — | 7,764 | 49,928 | (10,371) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 1,477 | (6,099) | 28,067 | (187) | (152) | — | 2,637 | 25,743 | (2,894) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 2,333 | (18,549) | — | — | — | — | 47,826 | 31,610 | (2,420) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | 93,524 | (1,446) | 51,964 | (18,489) | (36,349) | — | 2,289 | 91,493 | (17,168) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | 135,239 | (6,635) | 46,571 | (63,530) | (1,256) | — | 7,205 | 117,594 | (6,955) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | 154,373 | 54,178 | 16,470 | (48) | (16,088) | — | (23,407) | 185,478 | 53,390 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | 50,455 | 11,670 | — | — | (32,020) | — | — | 30,105 | 2,202 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 30,842 | (37,715) | 37,590 | — | — | — | — | 30,717 | (37,715) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 4,635 | $ | (3,708) | $ | (3,255) | $ | 4,898 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,570 | $ | 2,781 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 482 | 15 | (70) | — | — | — | — | 427 | (23) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | — | (29) | — | 383 | — | — | — | 354 | 29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 210 | — | — | 245 | — | — | — | 455 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 15,770 | 94 | (22,566) | 5,417 | — | — | 13,979 | 12,694 | (1,478) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives (2) | 67,769 | (152,927) | (1,559) | 1,285 | — | 21,024 | 136,906 | 72,498 | 150,713 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | 25,905 | — | — | — | (23,543) | — | — | 2,362 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | 881,732 | (316,778) | — | — | — | 89,263 | 66,898 | 721,115 | 265,288 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within Long-term debt are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax. Changes in unrealized gains/losses included in other comprehensive income (loss) for instruments still held at August 31, 2022 were gains of $51.5 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned, at fair value - Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value - Derivatives.
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the nine months ended August 31, 2022
During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of assets of $98.8 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Commercial mortgage-backed securities of $47.8 million, other asset-backed securities of $23.7 million, CDOs and CLOs of $7.8 million, loans and other receivables of $9.6 million and corporate debt securities of $6.7 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of assets of $27.4 million from Level 3 to Level 2 are primarily attributed to:
•Other asset-backed securities of $21.5 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2.
24
During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $264.7 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Net derivatives of $143.9 million, structured notes within long-term debt of $105.8 million and loans of $15.0 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.
During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, transfers of liabilities of $46.9 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Structured notes within long-term debt of $38.9 million and net derivatives of $7.0 million due to greater market and pricing transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $38.5 million and net gains on Level 3 liabilities were $473.3 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2022. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across corporate equity securities and investments at fair value, partially offset by decreases in loans to and investments in associated companies, commercial mortgage-backed securities and residential mortgage-backed securities. Net gains on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to decreased valuations of structured notes within long-term debt and certain derivatives.
The following is a summary of changes in fair value of our financial assets and liabilities that have been categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy for the nine months ended August 31, 2021 (in thousands):
| Balance, November 30, 2020 | Total gains/ losses (realized and unrealized) (1) | Purchases | Sales | Settlements | Issuances | Net transfers into (out of) Level 3 | Balance, August 31, 2021 | Changes in unrealized gains/ losses included in earnings relating to instruments still held at August 31, 2021 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 75,904 | $ | 48,741 | $ | 7,900 | $ | (37,794) | $ | (16) | $ | — | $ | 37,006 | $ | 131,741 | $ | 37,146 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 23,146 | 1,600 | 1,513 | (3,721) | (128) | — | (14,254) | 8,156 | 331 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | 17,972 | 7,666 | 58,868 | (37,277) | (2,201) | — | 7,533 | 52,561 | (4,716) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Residential mortgage-backed securities | 21,826 | (195) | 157 | (784) | (291) | — | (19,277) | 1,436 | (123) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 2,003 | 134 | 2,590 | (393) | (1,639) | — | (15) | 2,680 | 741 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | 79,995 | 4,770 | 38,785 | (26,642) | (25,966) | — | 6,491 | 77,433 | (6,955) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | 134,636 | 18,104 | 51,933 | (55,693) | (10,509) | — | 12,500 | 150,971 | 9,756 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | 213,946 | 106,699 | 12,669 | (47,245) | (8,955) | — | (111,781) | 165,333 | 30,027 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM term loan | 59,455 | (990) | — | — | — | — | — | 58,465 | (990) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 40,185 | (3,601) | — | — | — | — | — | 36,584 | (3,601) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 4,434 | $ | (12) | $ | (22) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (13) | $ | 4,387 | $ | 13 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 141 | 375 | — | 12 | — | — | — | 528 | (375) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Commercial mortgage-backed securities | 35 | — | (35) | 140 | — | — | — | 140 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | 16,635 | 1,308 | (7,182) | 14,083 | — | — | 368 | 25,212 | (4,094) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net derivatives (2) | 26,017 | 33,173 | (1,548) | 49,871 | 768 | — | 58,781 | 167,062 | (33,007) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | 1,543 | — | — | — | — | 950 | — | 2,493 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Long-term debt (1) | 676,028 | 25,323 | — | — | — | 58,000 | 26,261 | 785,612 | 31,992 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Realized and unrealized gains/losses are primarily reported in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes within long-term debt are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of tax. Changes in unrealized gains (losses) included in other comprehensive income (loss) for instruments still held at August 31, 2021 were losses of $57.3 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2021.
(2)Net derivatives represent Financial instruments owned, at fair value - Derivatives and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value - Derivatives.
25
Analysis of Level 3 Assets and Liabilities for the nine months ended August 31, 2021
During the nine months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of assets of $50.9 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Loans and other receivables of $17.4 million, other asset-backed securities of $12.5 million, corporate equity securities of $10.2 million and CDOs and CLOs of $7.6 million due to reduced pricing transparency.
During the nine months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of assets of $132.7 million from Level 3 to Level 2 or Level 1 are primarily attributed to:
•Investments at fair value of $84.5 million, residential mortgage-backed securities of $19.3 million, corporate debt securities of $17.5 million, other asset-backed securities of $6.0 million and loans and other receivables of $4.9 million due to greater pricing transparency supporting classification into Level 2 or Level 1.
During the nine months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $100.0 million from Level 2 to Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Net derivatives of $73.4 million and structured notes within long-term debt of $26.3 million due to reduced pricing and market transparency.
During the nine months ended August 31, 2021, transfers of liabilities of $14.6 million from Level 3 to Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy are primarily attributed to:
•Net derivatives of $14.6 million due to greater pricing transparency.
Net gains on Level 3 assets were $182.9 million and net losses on Level 3 liabilities were $60.2 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2021. Net gains on Level 3 assets were primarily due to increased market values across investments at fair value, corporate equity securities, loans and other receivables, CDOs and CLOs and other asset-backed securities, partially offset by decreases in loans to and investments in associated companies. Net losses on Level 3 liabilities were primarily due to increased valuations of certain derivatives and structured notes within long-term debt.
Quantitative Information about Significant Unobservable Inputs used in Level 3 Fair Value Measurements
The tables below present information on the valuation techniques, significant unobservable inputs and their ranges for our financial assets and liabilities, subject to threshold levels related to the market value of the positions held, measured at fair value on a recurring basis with a significant Level 3 balance. The range of unobservable inputs could differ significantly across different firms given the range of products across different firms in the financial services sector. The inputs are not representative of the inputs that could have been used in the valuation of any one financial instrument (i.e., the input used for valuing one financial instrument within a particular class of financial instruments may not be appropriate for valuing other financial instruments within that given class). Additionally, the ranges of inputs presented below should not be construed to represent uncertainty regarding the fair values of our financial instruments; rather, the range of inputs is reflective of the differences in the underlying characteristics of the financial instruments in each category.
For certain categories, we have provided a weighted average of the inputs allocated based on the fair values of the financial instruments comprising the category. We do not believe that the range or weighted average of the inputs is indicative of the reasonableness of uncertainty of our Level 3 fair values. The range and weighted average are driven by the individual financial instruments within each category and their relative distribution in the population. The disclosed inputs when compared with the inputs as disclosed in other periods should not be expected to necessarily be indicative of changes in our estimates of unobservable inputs for a particular financial instrument as the population of financial instruments comprising the category will vary from period to period based on purchases and sales of financial instruments during the period as well as transfers into and out of Level 3 each period.
26
| August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Fair Value (in thousands) | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | Input/Range | Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 197,817 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded securities | Market approach | Price | $1 | to | $366 | $80 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 50 | % | to | 70% | 60 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 18,212 | Market approach | EBITDA multiple | 3.8 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 6% | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | $ | 49,928 | Discounted cash flows | Constant prepayment rate | 20% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constant default rate | 2% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss severity | 70% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate/yield | 20 | % | to | 22% | 20 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market approach | Price | $69 | to | $102 | $87 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage- backed securities | $ | 31,610 | Market approach | Spreads (basis points ("bps")) | 322 bps | to | 334 bps | 326 bps | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | $ | 75,439 | Discounted cash flows | Constant default rate | 2% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss severity | 85% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate/yield | 7 | % | to | 21% | 15 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative loss rate | 7 | % | to | 24% | 19 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration (years) | 0.9 years | to | 1.6 years | 1.2 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market approach | Price | $32 | to | $100 | $97 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | $ | 117,594 | Market approach | Price | $45 | to | $154 | $118 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 32 | % | to | 100% | 97 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 8,440 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Options | Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 23 | % | to | 52% | 41 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | $ | 179,870 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity securities | Market approach | Price | $0 | to | $14,919 | $487 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA multiple | 13.5 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discounted cash flows | Discount rate/yield | 10 | % | to | 14% | 12 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Discount rate/yield | 12% | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in FXCM | $ | 30,105 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term loan | Discounted cash flows | Term based on the pay off (years) | 0 months | to | 1.4 years | 1.4 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded warrants | $ | 30,717 | Market approach | Underlying stock price | $360 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying stock price | €6 | to | €8 | €7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volatility | 25 | % | to | 54% | 28 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 2,570 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded securities | Market approach | Price | $1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 427 | Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 6% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 12,694 | Market approach | Price | $90 | to | $96 | $92 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 5% | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 82,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options | Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 29 | % | to | 68% | 50 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | $ | 2,362 | Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 13 | % | to | 39% | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structured notes | $ | 721,115 | Market approach | Price | $51 | to | $104 | $72 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Price | €60 | to | €102 | €78 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
27
| November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value (in thousands) | Valuation Technique | Significant Unobservable Input(s) | Input/Range | Weighted Average | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 86,961 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded securities | Market approach | Price | $1 | to | $366 | $183 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 40 | % | to | 53% | 45 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | $ | 11,803 | Market approach | Price | $13 | to | $100 | $86 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CDOs and CLOs | $ | 31,944 | Discounted cash flows | Constant prepayment rate | 20% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constant default rate | 2% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss severity | 25 | % | to | 30% | 26 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate/yield | 8 | % | to | 19% | 16 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market approach | Price | $86 | to | $103 | $93 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commercial mortgage- backed securities | $ | 2,333 | Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 81% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other asset-backed securities | $ | 86,099 | Discounted cash flows | Constant prepayment rate | 0 | % | to | 35% | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Constant default rate | 2 | % | to | 4% | 4 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss severity | 60 | % | to | 85% | 55 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate/yield | 3 | % | to | 16% | 10 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cumulative loss rate | 7 | % | to | 20% | 14 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Duration (years) | 0.7 years | to | 1.4 years | 1.1 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Market approach | Price | $37 | to | $100 | $94 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | $ | 134,015 | Market approach | Price | $31 | to | $101 | $54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 9 | % | to | 100% | 76 | % | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 6,501 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options | Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 46% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Market approach | Basis points upfront | 0.1 | to | 8.7 | 3.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps | Price | $100 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investments at fair value | $ | 128,152 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Private equity securities | Market approach | Price | $1 | to | $152 | $32 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| EBITDA multiple | 16.9 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue multiple | 4.9 | to | 5.1 | 5.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 7% | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Discount rate/yield | 13 | % | to | 21% | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenue growth | 0% | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment in FXCM | $ | 50,455 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Term loan | Discounted cash flows | Term based on the pay off (years) | 0 months | to | 2.2 years | 2.2 years | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans to and investments in associated companies | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded warrants | $ | 30,842 | Market approach | Underlying stock price | $662 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Underlying stock price | €15 | to | €18 | €16 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Volatility | 25 | % | to | 59% | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 4,635 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-exchange-traded securities | Market approach | Price | $1 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | 15,770 | Market approach | Price | $31 | to | $100 | $43 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 50% | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Derivatives | $ | 76,533 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options | Volatility benchmarking | Volatility | 26 | % | to | 77% | 40 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | Market approach | Basis points upfront | 0.1 | to | 8.7 | 3.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps | Price | $100 | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings | $ | 25,905 | Scenario analysis | Estimated recovery percentage | 13 | % | to | 98% | 92 | % | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Structured notes | $ | 881,732 | Market approach | Price | $76 | to | $115 | $94 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Price | €81 | to | €113 | €103 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
28
The fair values of certain Level 3 assets and liabilities that were determined based on third-party pricing information, unadjusted past transaction prices or a percentage of the reported enterprise fair value are excluded from the above tables. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, asset exclusions consisted of $54.9 million and $40.8 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain investments at fair value, other asset-backed securities, certain derivatives, corporate equity securities, loans and other receivables and residential mortgage-backed securities. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, liability exclusions consisted of $6.5 million and $2.2 million, respectively, primarily comprised of certain derivatives, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs and commercial mortgage-backed securities.
Uncertainty of Fair Value Measurement from Use of Significant Unobservable Inputs
For recurring fair value measurements categorized within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy, the uncertainty of the fair value measurement due to the use of significant unobservable inputs and interrelationships between those unobservable inputs (if any) are described below:
• Non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, commercial mortgage-backed securities, loans and other receivables, other asset-backed securities, private equity securities, non-exchange-traded warrants, certain derivatives and structured notes using a market approach valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in the price of the private equity securities, non-exchange-traded securities, corporate debt securities, CDOs and CLOs, other asset-backed securities, loans and other receivables, total return swaps, and structured notes would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the EBITDA multiple related to corporate debt securities or private equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the revenue multiple related to private equity securities would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the underlying stock price of non-exchange-traded warrants would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the volatility of the underlying stock price of non-exchange-traded warrants would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement. Depending on whether we are a receiver or (payer) of basis points upfront, a significant increase in basis points would result in a significant increase (decrease) in the fair value measurement of interest rate swaps. A significant increase (decrease) in commercial mortgage-backed securities spreads would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement.
•Corporate debt securities, loans and other receivables, commercial mortgage-backed securities, private equity securities and other secured financings using scenario analysis. A significant increase (decrease) in the possible recovery rates of the cash flow outcomes underlying the financial instrument would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement for the financial instrument. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/yield underlying the investment would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in the revenue growth underlying the investment would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
•CDOs and CLOs, other asset-backed securities, private equity securities and the FXCM term loan using a discounted cash flow valuation technique. A significant increase (decrease) in isolation in the constant default rate, loss severity or cumulative loss rate would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. The impact of changes in the constant prepayment rate and duration would have differing impacts depending on the capital structure and type of security. A significant increase (decrease) in the discount rate/security yield would result in a significantly lower (higher) fair value measurement. A significant increase (decrease) in term based on the time to pay off the loan would result in a lower (higher) fair value measurement.
•Derivative equity options and non-exchange-traded securities using volatility benchmarking. A significant increase (decrease) in volatility would result in a significantly higher (lower) fair value measurement.
Fair Value Option Election
We have elected the fair value option for all loans and loan commitments made by our investment banking and capital markets businesses. These loans and loan commitments include loans entered into by our investment banking division in connection with client bridge financing and loan syndications, loans purchased by our leveraged credit trading desk as part of its bank loan trading activities and mortgage and consumer loan commitments, purchases and fundings in connection with mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securitization activities. Loans and loan commitments originated or purchased by our leveraged credit and mortgage-backed businesses are managed on a fair value basis. Loans are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value and loan commitments are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The fair value option election is not applied to loans made to affiliate entities as such loans are entered into as part of ongoing, strategic business ventures. Loans to affiliate entities are included in Loans to and investments in associated companies in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are accounted for on an amortized cost basis. We have also elected the fair value option for certain of our structured notes, which are managed by our investment banking and capital markets businesses and are included in Long-term
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debt in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have elected the fair value option for certain financial instruments held by subsidiaries as the investments are risk managed on a fair value basis. The fair value option has been elected for certain other secured financings that arise in connection with our securitization activities and other structured financings. Other secured financings, receivables from brokers, dealers and clearing organizations, receivables from customers of securities operations, other receivables, payables to brokers, dealers and clearing organizations and payables to customers of securities operations, are accounted for at cost plus accrued interest rather than at fair value; however, the recorded amounts approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature, except for our automobile loans.
The following is a summary of gains (losses) due to changes in instrument-specific credit risk on loans, other receivables and debt instruments and gains (losses) due to other changes in fair value on long-term debt measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | $ | (9,040) | $ | (7,273) | $ | 4,828 | $ | 17,600 | |||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans | $ | (832) | $ | (574) | $ | (121) | $ | 945 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Changes in instrument-specific credit risk (1) | $ | (5,824) | $ | 20,478 | $ | 88,309 | $ | (103,751) | |||||||||||||||
| Other changes in fair value (2) | 62,476 | (26,093) | 318,408 | 61,695 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Changes in instrument-specific credit risk related to structured notes are included in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), net of taxes.
(2) Other changes in fair value are included in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
The following is a summary of the amounts by which contractual principal is greater than (less than) fair value for loans and other receivables, long-term debt and other secured financings measured at fair value under the fair value option (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value: | ||||||||||||||
Loans and other receivables (1) | $ | 5,741,428 | $ | 5,600,648 | ||||||||||
Loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due (1) (2) | 226,577 | 64,203 | ||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 361,044 | $ | (38,391) | ||||||||||
| Other secured financings | $ | 2,913 | $ | 3,432 | ||||||||||
(1) Interest income is recognized separately from other changes in fair value and is included in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Amounts include loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due by which contractual principal exceeds fair value of $93.1 million and $19.7 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
The aggregate fair value of loans and other receivables on nonaccrual status and/or 90 days or greater past due was $207.3 million and $56.9 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, which includes loans and other receivables 90 days or greater past due of $131.5 million and $23.5 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group owned shares which represent a 38% economic interest in ApiJect Systems, Corp. ("ApiJect"). The investment in ApiJect is accounted for at fair value by electing the fair value option available under GAAP and is included within corporate equity securities in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, in connection with ApiJect's issuance of additional equity to third party investors, Jefferies Group purchased additional common shares of ApiJect and obtained a right to 1.125% of ApiJect's future revenues for cash consideration of $25.0 million. In addition, Jefferies Group converted its $25.0 million term
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loan agreement into additional common shares. For the nine months ended August 31, 2022, the change in fair value of Jefferies Group's equity investments in ApiJect was a mark-to-market gain of $37.3 million. At August 31, 2022, the total fair value of Jefferies Group's equity investment in common shares of ApiJect is $100.1 million, which is included within Level 3 of the fair value hierarchy. Additionally, Jefferies Group owned warrants to purchase up to 950,000 shares of common stock at any time or from time to time on or before April 15, 2032.
Jefferies Group also has a term loan agreement with a principal of ApiJect for $25.0 million maturing on October 31, 2022. The loan is accounted for at cost plus accrued interest and is reported within Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. Interest income of $0.5 million and $0.5 million for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.1 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, was recognized related to the loan and is included in Interest income in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The loan has a fair value of $28.3 million at August 31, 2022, which would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Financial Instruments Not Measured at Fair Value
Certain of our financial instruments are not carried at fair value but are recorded at amounts that approximate fair value due to their liquid or short-term nature and generally negligible credit risk. These financial assets include Cash and cash equivalents and Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations and would generally be presented within Level 1 of the fair value hierarchy.
Note 4. Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative Financial Instruments
Derivative activities are recorded at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition in Financial instruments owned, at fair value and Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value, net of cash paid or received under credit support agreements and on a net counterparty basis when a legally enforceable right to offset exists under a master netting agreement. Predominantly, we enter into derivative transactions to satisfy the needs of our clients and to manage our own exposure to market and credit risks resulting from our trading activities. In addition, we apply hedge accounting to (1) interest rate swaps that have been designated as fair value hedges of the changes in fair value due to the benchmark interest rate for certain fixed rate senior long-term debt and (2) forward foreign exchange contracts designated as hedges to offset the change in the value of certain net investments in foreign operations. See Notes 3 and 18 for additional disclosures about derivative financial instruments.
Derivatives are subject to various risks similar to other financial instruments, including market, credit and operational risk. The risks of derivatives should not be viewed in isolation, but rather should be considered on an aggregate basis along with our other trading-related activities. We manage the risks associated with derivatives on an aggregate basis along with the risks associated with proprietary trading as part of our firm wide risk management policies.
In connection with our derivative activities, we may enter into International Swaps and Derivatives Association, Inc. master netting agreements or similar agreements with counterparties.
The following tables present the fair value and related number of derivative contracts at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021 categorized by type of derivative contract and the platform on which these derivatives are transacted. The fair value of assets/liabilities represents our receivable/payable for derivative financial instruments, gross of counterparty netting and cash collateral received and pledged. The following tables also provide information regarding (1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under GAAP and (2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our financial position (in thousands, except contract amounts).
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| Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Number of Contracts (2) | Fair Value | Number of Contracts (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | $ | — | — | $ | 182,979 | 3 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 151,388 | 5 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges | 151,388 | 182,979 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 873 | 37,656 | 50 | 21,604 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 232,758 | 4,139 | 33,526 | 3,826 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 774,034 | 566 | 1,274,695 | 1,157 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 530,442 | 10,287 | 586,085 | 10,294 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 1,049,065 | 1,431,643 | 814,310 | 1,318,904 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 318,127 | 5,329 | 1,070,480 | 5,796 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 68 | 695 | 40 | 611 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 2,652 | 675 | 17,664 | 1,470 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Credit contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 28,016 | 165 | 24,391 | 189 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 14,197 | 8 | 18,729 | 11 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges | 2,950,232 | 3,839,970 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross derivative assets/liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 1,050,006 | 814,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 260,774 | 240,896 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 1,790,840 | 2,967,653 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts offset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition (3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | (783,977) | (783,977) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | (239,199) | (240,896) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | (1,704,518) | (1,534,063) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition (4) | $ | 373,926 | $ | 1,464,013 | |||||||||||||||||||
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| Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value | Number of Contracts (2) | Fair Value | Number of Contracts (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 (1) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives designated as accounting hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | $ | 35,726 | 2 | $ | 32,200 | 1 | |||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 30,462 | 4 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives designated as accounting hedges | 66,188 | 32,200 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Derivatives not designated as accounting hedges: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Interest rate contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 1,262 | 23,888 | 756 | 39,195 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 373,355 | 4,505 | 367,134 | 4,467 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 322,353 | 1,037 | 283,481 | 967 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 1,428,712 | 17,792 | 1,437,116 | 17,576 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 1,206,606 | 1,582,713 | 1,036,019 | 1,450,624 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 377,132 | 2,888 | 1,824,418 | 2,682 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 448 | 1,394 | 223 | 1,457 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 2,703 | 616 | 9,862 | 825 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Credit contracts: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 84,180 | 132 | 108,999 | 128 | |||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 13,289 | 14 | 14,168 | 17 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total derivatives not designated as accounting hedges | 3,810,040 | 5,082,176 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total gross derivative assets/liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | 1,208,316 | 1,036,998 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | 493,261 | 508,333 | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | 2,174,651 | 3,569,045 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Amounts offset in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition (3): | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Exchange-traded | (1,008,091) | (1,008,091) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Cleared OTC | (483,339) | (508,333) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Bilateral OTC | (1,814,326) | (2,185,776) | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net amounts in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition (4) | $ | 570,472 | $ | 1,412,176 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Exchange-traded derivatives include derivatives executed on an organized exchange. Cleared OTC derivatives include derivatives executed bilaterally and subsequently novated to and cleared through central clearing counterparties. Bilateral OTC derivatives include derivatives executed and settled bilaterally without the use of an organized exchange or central clearing counterparty.
(2) Number of exchange-traded contracts may include open futures contracts. The unsettled fair value of these futures contracts is included in Receivables and Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3) Amounts netted include both netting by counterparty and for cash collateral paid or received.
(4) We have not received or pledged additional collateral under master netting agreements and/or other credit support agreements that is eligible to be offset beyond what has been offset in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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The following table provides information related to gains (losses) recognized in Interest expense of Jefferies Group in the Consolidated Statements of Operations related to fair value hedges (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps | $ | (31,831) | $ | 17,665 | $ | (176,244) | $ | (27,797) | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | 32,439 | (13,396) | 188,023 | 38,630 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 608 | $ | 4,269 | $ | 11,779 | $ | 10,833 | |||||||||||||||
The following table provides information related to gains (losses) on net investment hedges recognized in Net foreign currency translation adjustments, a component of Other comprehensive income (loss), in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | $ | 95,213 | $ | 39,778 | $ | 157,773 | $ | (23,628) | |||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 95,213 | $ | 39,778 | $ | 157,773 | $ | (23,628) | |||||||||||||||
The following table presents unrealized and realized gains (losses) on derivative contracts which are primarily recognized in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, which are utilized in connection with our client activities and our economic risk management activities (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate contracts | $ | (16,018) | $ | (152) | $ | (145,481) | $ | (20,912) | |||||||||||||||
| Foreign exchange contracts | (90,604) | (38,633) | (200,137) | 32,439 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity contracts | (105,661) | (198,979) | 88,500 | (291,991) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity contracts | 21,517 | (3,958) | (46,961) | (29,027) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Credit contracts | 3,684 | (4,927) | 15,129 | (6,970) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (187,082) | $ | (246,649) | $ | (288,950) | $ | (316,461) | |||||||||||||||
The net gains (losses) on derivative contracts in the table above are one of a number of activities comprising our business activities and are before consideration of economic hedging transactions, which generally offset the net gains (losses) included above. We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on our cash instruments through derivative contracts, which generally provide offsetting revenues, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework.
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OTC Derivatives. The following tables set forth by remaining contract maturity the fair value of OTC derivative assets and liabilities as reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at August 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| OTC Derivative Assets (1) (2) (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-12 Months | 1-5 Years | Greater Than 5 Years | Cross- Maturity Netting (4) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity swaps, options and forwards | $ | 805 | $ | 1,847 | $ | — | $ | (2,652) | $ | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options and forwards | 17,773 | 5,488 | — | (4,600) | 18,661 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | — | 3,371 | 255 | — | 3,626 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps | 101,046 | 15,879 | 194 | (6,538) | 110,581 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options | 202,065 | 6,938 | 170 | (5,038) | 204,135 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income forwards | 14,191 | — | — | — | 14,191 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, options and forwards | 116,753 | 537,440 | 26,970 | (148,270) | 532,893 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 452,633 | $ | 570,963 | $ | 27,589 | $ | (167,098) | 884,087 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross product counterparty netting | (27,872) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total OTC derivative assets included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value | $ | 856,215 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)At August 31, 2022, we held net exchange-traded derivative assets and other credit agreements with a fair value of $266.0 million, which are not included in this table.
(2)OTC derivative assets in the table above are gross of collateral received. OTC derivative assets are recorded net of collateral received in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At August 31, 2022, cash collateral received was $748.3 million.
(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.
(4)Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.
| OTC Derivative Liabilities (1) (2) (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 0-12 Months | 1-5 Years | Greater Than 5 Years | Cross-Maturity Netting (4) | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity swaps, options and forwards | $ | 15,371 | $ | 2,293 | $ | — | $ | (2,652) | $ | 15,012 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Equity options and forwards | 115,856 | 290,887 | 26,180 | (4,600) | 428,323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit default swaps | — | 620 | — | — | 620 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total return swaps | 373,151 | 104,255 | 3 | (6,538) | 470,871 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Foreign currency forwards, swaps and options | 107,227 | 6,156 | 47 | (5,038) | 108,392 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed income forwards | 54 | — | — | — | 54 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest rate swaps, options and forwards | 108,505 | 540,829 | 495,333 | (148,270) | 996,397 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 720,164 | $ | 945,040 | $ | 521,563 | $ | (167,098) | 2,019,669 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cross product counterparty netting | (27,872) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total OTC derivative liabilities included in Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | $ | 1,991,797 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)At August 31, 2022, we held net exchange-traded derivative liabilities and other credit agreements with a fair value of $51.8 million, which are not included in this table.
(2)OTC derivative liabilities in the table above are gross of collateral pledged. OTC derivative liabilities are recorded net of collateral pledged in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At August 31, 2022, cash collateral pledged was $579.6 million.
(3)Derivative fair values include counterparty netting within product category.
(4) Amounts represent the netting of receivable balances with payable balances for the same counterparty within product category across maturity categories.
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At August 31, 2022, the counterparty credit quality with respect to the fair value of our OTC derivative assets was as follows (in thousands):
| Counterparty credit quality (1): | |||||
| A- or higher | $ | 515,887 | |||
| BBB- to BBB+ | 167,092 | ||||
| BB+ or lower | 97,483 | ||||
| Unrated | 75,753 | ||||
| Total | $ | 856,215 | |||
(1) We utilize internal credit ratings determined by the Jefferies Group's Risk Management department. Credit ratings determined by Jefferies Group Risk Management use methodologies that produce ratings generally consistent with those produced by external rating agencies.
Credit Related Derivative Contracts
The external credit ratings of the underlyings or referenced assets for our written credit related derivative contracts are as follows (in millions):
| External Credit Rating | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Grade | Non-investment grade | Unrated | Total Notional | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit protection sold: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Index credit default swaps | $ | 4,266.9 | $ | 1,910.1 | $ | — | $ | 6,177.0 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Single name credit default swaps | — | — | 0.2 | 0.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Credit protection sold: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Index credit default swaps | $ | 2,612.0 | $ | 1,298.8 | $ | — | $ | 3,910.8 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Single name credit default swaps | — | 17.6 | 0.2 | 17.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Contingent Features
Certain of Jefferies Group's derivative instruments contain provisions that require its debt to maintain an investment grade credit rating from each of the major credit rating agencies. If Jefferies Group's debt was to fall below investment grade, it would be in violation of these provisions and the counterparties to the derivative instruments could request immediate payment or demand immediate and ongoing full overnight collateralization on the derivative instruments in liability positions. The following table presents the aggregate fair value of all derivative instruments with such credit-risk-related contingent features that are in a liability position, the collateral amounts posted or received in the normal course of business and the potential collateral we would have been required to return and/or post additionally to our counterparties if the credit-risk-related contingent features underlying these agreements were triggered (in millions).
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Derivative instrument liabilities with credit-risk-related contingent features | $ | 391.3 | $ | 821.5 | |||||||
| Collateral posted | (95.4) | (160.5) | |||||||||
| Collateral received | 194.1 | 369.3 | |||||||||
Return of and additional collateral required in the event of a credit rating downgrade below investment grade (1) | 490.0 | 1,030.4 | |||||||||
(1) These potential outflows include initial margin received from counterparties at the execution of the derivative contract. The initial margin will be returned if counterparties elect to terminate the contract after a downgrade.
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Other Derivatives
Vitesse Energy uses swaps and put options in order to reduce exposure to future oil price fluctuations. Vitesse Energy accounts for the derivative instruments at fair value. The gains and losses associated with the change in fair value of the derivatives are recorded in Other revenues.
Note 5. Collateralized Transactions
Our repurchase agreements and securities borrowing and lending arrangements are generally recorded at cost in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their short-term nature. We enter into secured borrowing and lending arrangements to obtain collateral necessary to effect settlement, finance inventory positions, meet customer needs or re-lend as part of dealer operations. We monitor the fair value of the securities loaned and borrowed on a daily basis as compared with the related payable or receivable, and request additional collateral or return excess collateral, as appropriate. We pledge financial instruments as collateral under repurchase agreements, securities lending agreements and other secured arrangements, including clearing arrangements. Our agreements with counterparties generally contain contractual provisions allowing the counterparty the right to sell or repledge the collateral. Pledged securities owned that can be sold or repledged by the counterparty are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value, and noted parenthetically as Securities pledged in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
In instances where we receive securities as collateral in connection with securities-for-securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities and are permitted to sell or repledge the securities received as collateral, we report the fair value of the collateral received and the related obligation to return the collateral in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
The following tables set forth the carrying value of securities lending arrangements, repurchase agreements and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, by class of collateral pledged and remaining contractual maturity (in thousands):
| Collateral Pledged | Securities Lending Arrangements | Repurchase Agreements | Obligation to Return Securities Received as Collateral, at Fair Value | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 926,636 | $ | 451,454 | $ | 27,859 | $ | 1,405,949 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 333,515 | 2,035,863 | — | 2,369,378 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | — | 1,337,306 | — | 1,337,306 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 37,730 | 9,426,864 | 121,727 | 9,586,321 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | — | 233,824 | — | 233,824 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 17,528 | 2,119,137 | — | 2,136,665 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | — | 918,259 | — | 918,259 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,315,409 | $ | 16,522,707 | $ | 149,586 | $ | 17,987,702 | ||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 1,160,916 | $ | 150,602 | $ | 7,289 | $ | 1,318,807 | ||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 321,356 | 2,684,458 | — | 3,005,814 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities | — | 1,209,442 | — | 1,209,442 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government and federal agency securities | 6,348 | 8,426,536 | — | 8,432,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Municipal securities | — | 413,073 | — | 413,073 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Sovereign obligations | 37,101 | 2,422,901 | — | 2,460,002 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | — | 712,388 | — | 712,388 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 1,525,721 | $ | 16,019,400 | $ | 7,289 | $ | 17,552,410 | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Contractual Maturity | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Overnight and Continuous | Up to 30 Days | 31 to 90 Days | Greater than 90 Days | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities lending arrangements | $ | 744,734 | $ | — | $ | 303,764 | $ | 266,911 | $ | 1,315,409 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | 8,455,862 | 2,824,948 | 1,943,871 | 3,298,026 | 16,522,707 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | — | — | — | 149,586 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 9,350,182 | $ | 2,824,948 | $ | 2,247,635 | $ | 3,564,937 | $ | 17,987,702 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities lending arrangements | $ | 595,628 | $ | 1,318 | $ | 539,623 | $ | 389,152 | $ | 1,525,721 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | 6,551,934 | 1,798,716 | 4,361,993 | 3,306,757 | 16,019,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | 7,289 | — | — | — | 7,289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 7,154,851 | $ | 1,800,034 | $ | 4,901,616 | $ | 3,695,909 | $ | 17,552,410 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
We receive securities as collateral under resale agreements, securities borrowing transactions, customer margin loans and as initial margin on certain derivative transactions. We also receive securities as collateral in connection with securities-for- securities transactions in which we are the lender of securities. In many instances, we are permitted by contract to rehypothecate the securities received as collateral. These securities may be used to secure repurchase agreements, enter into securities lending transactions, satisfy margin requirements on derivative transactions or cover short positions. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, the approximate fair value of securities received as collateral by us that may be sold or repledged was $29.07 billion and $31.97 billion, respectively. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, a substantial portion of the securities received have been sold or repledged.
Offsetting of Securities Financing Agreements
To manage our exposure to credit risk associated with securities financing transactions, we may enter into master netting agreements and collateral arrangements with counterparties. Generally, transactions are executed under standard industry agreements, including, but not limited to, master securities lending agreements (securities lending transactions) and master repurchase agreements (repurchase transactions).
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The following table provides information regarding repurchase agreements, securities borrowing and lending arrangements and securities received as collateral, at fair value, and obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value, that are recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and (1) the extent to which, under enforceable master netting arrangements, such balances are presented net in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as appropriate under GAAP and (2) the extent to which other rights of setoff associated with these arrangements exist and could have an effect on our consolidated financial position.
| (In thousands) | Gross Amounts | Netting in Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition | Net Amounts in Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition | Additional Amounts Available for Setoff (1) | Available Collateral (2) | Net Amount (3) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets at August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities borrowing arrangements | $ | 6,607,954 | $ | — | $ | 6,607,954 | $ | (208,879) | $ | (1,720,118) | $ | 4,678,957 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 13,065,754 | (8,958,365) | 4,107,389 | (585,113) | (3,461,795) | 60,481 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | — | 149,586 | — | (149,586) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities at August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities lending arrangements | $ | 1,315,409 | $ | — | $ | 1,315,409 | $ | (208,879) | $ | (1,091,278) | $ | 15,252 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements | 16,522,707 | (8,958,365) | 7,564,342 | (585,113) | (6,534,808) | 444,421 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | — | 149,586 | — | (149,586) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets at November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities borrowing arrangements | $ | 6,409,420 | $ | — | $ | 6,409,420 | $ | (271,475) | $ | (1,528,206) | $ | 4,609,739 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reverse repurchase agreements | 15,215,785 | (7,573,301) | 7,642,484 | (540,312) | (7,048,823) | 53,349 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities received as collateral, at fair value | 7,289 | — | 7,289 | — | (7,289) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities at November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities lending arrangements | $ | 1,525,721 | $ | — | $ | 1,525,721 | $ | (271,475) | $ | (1,213,563) | $ | 40,683 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Repurchase agreements (4) | 16,019,400 | (7,573,301) | 8,446,099 | (540,312) | (7,136,585) | 769,202 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Obligation to return securities received as collateral, at fair value | 7,289 | — | 7,289 | — | (7,289) | — | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Under master netting agreements with our counterparties, we have the legal right of offset with a counterparty, which incorporates all of the counterparty's outstanding rights and obligations under the arrangement. These balances reflect additional credit risk mitigation that is available by a counterparty in the event of a counterparty's default, but which are not netted in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition because other netting provisions of GAAP are not met.
(2)Includes securities received or paid under collateral arrangements with counterparties that could be liquidated in the event of a counterparty default and thus offset against a counterparty's rights and obligations under the respective repurchase agreements or securities borrowing or lending arrangements.
(3)At August 31, 2022, amounts include $4.61 billion of securities borrowing arrangements, for which we have received securities collateral of $4.47 billion, and $420.0 million of repurchase agreements, for which we have pledged securities collateral of $432.8 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable. At November 30, 2021, amounts include $4.51 billion of securities borrowing arrangements, for which we have received securities collateral of $4.35 billion, and $765.0 million of repurchase agreements, for which we have pledged securities collateral of $781.8 million, which are subject to master netting agreements, but we have not determined the agreements to be legally enforceable.
(4)There was an immaterial correction in the amount of available collateral, which resulted in a $200 million decrease in the available collateral and a $200 million increase in the net amount related to repurchase agreements at November 30, 2021.
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Cash and Securities Segregated and on Deposit for Regulatory Purposes or Deposited with Clearing and Depository Organizations
Cash and securities segregated in accordance with regulatory regulations and deposited with clearing and depository organizations totaled $984.3 million and $1.02 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Segregated cash and securities consist of deposits in accordance with Rule 15c3-3 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, which subjects Jefferies LLC as a broker-dealer carrying customer accounts to requirements related to maintaining cash or qualified securities in segregated special reserve bank accounts for the exclusive benefit of its customers.
Other Assets
Restricted cash, which is comprised of cash reserve balances required by securitization agreements and cash collections associated with automobile loans pledged to warehouse credit facilities, is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. These restricted cash balances are held by trustees and are distributed monthly by the trustees per the various securitization and warehouse credit facility agreements. Restricted cash may also include amounts related to pre-funding arrangements put in place for securitizations, which are funds that remain in an escrow account managed by a trustee until we pledge additional automobile loans to meet the collateral requirements of the related notes, at which time the funds become available for our use.
Note 6. Securitization Activities
We engage in securitization activities related to corporate loans, mortgage loans, consumer loans and mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities. In our securitization transactions, we transfer these assets to special purpose entities ("SPEs") and act as the placement or structuring agent for the beneficial interests sold to investors by the SPE. A significant portion of our securitization transactions are the securitization of assets issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies. These SPEs generally meet the criteria of variable interest entities ("VIEs"); however, we generally do not consolidate the SPEs as we are not considered the primary beneficiary for these SPEs.
We account for our securitization transactions as sales, provided we have relinquished control over the transferred assets. Transferred assets are carried at fair value with unrealized gains and losses reflected in Principal transactions revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations prior to the identification and isolation for securitization. Subsequently, revenues recognized upon securitization are reflected as net underwriting revenues. We generally receive cash proceeds in connection with the transfer of assets to an SPE. We may, however, have continuing involvement with the transferred assets, which is limited to retaining one or more tranches of the securitization (primarily senior and subordinated debt securities in the form of mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities or CLOs). These securities are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and are generally initially categorized as Level 2 within the fair value hierarchy.
The following table presents activity related to our securitizations that were accounted for as sales in which we had continuing involvement (in millions):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Transferred assets | $ | 1,813.2 | $ | 2,608.1 | $ | 5,355.8 | $ | 9,338.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Proceeds on new securitizations | 1,813.2 | 2,609.8 | 5,407.2 | 9,339.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Cash flows received on retained interests | 10.0 | 4.5 | 22.9 | 14.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
We have no explicit or implicit arrangements to provide additional financial support to these SPEs, have no liabilities related to these SPEs and do not have any outstanding derivative contracts executed in connection with these securitization activities at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021.
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The following table summarizes our retained interests in SPEs where we transferred assets and have continuing involvement and received sale accounting treatment (in millions):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
Securitization Type | Total Assets | Retained Interests | Total Assets | Retained Interests | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agency residential mortgage-backed securities | $ | 238.9 | $ | 3.5 | $ | 330.2 | $ | 4.9 | |||||||||||||||
| U.S. government agency commercial mortgage-backed securities | 2,537.7 | 174.7 | 2,201.8 | 69.2 | |||||||||||||||||||
| CLOs | 5,610.2 | 42.0 | 3,382.3 | 31.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Consumer and other loans | 2,337.7 | 122.3 | 2,271.4 | 136.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total assets represent the unpaid principal amount of assets in the SPEs in which we have continuing involvement and are presented solely to provide information regarding the size of the transactions and the size of the underlying assets supporting our retained interests, and are not considered representative of the risk of potential loss. Assets retained in connection with a securitization transaction represent the fair value of the securities of one or more tranches issued by an SPE, including senior and subordinated tranches. Our risk of loss is limited to this fair value amount, which is included in total Financial instruments owned, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
Although not obligated, in connection with secondary market-making activities we may make a market in the securities issued by these SPEs. In these market-making transactions, we buy these securities from and sell these securities to investors. Securities purchased through these market-making activities are not considered to be continuing involvement in these SPEs. To the extent we purchased securities through these market-making activities and we are not deemed to be the primary beneficiary of the VIE, these securities are included in agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and asset-backed securitizations in the nonconsolidated VIEs section presented in Note 7.
Note 7. Variable Interest Entities
VIEs are entities in which equity investors lack the characteristics of a controlling financial interest. VIEs are consolidated by the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary is the party who has both (1) the power to direct the activities of a VIE that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (2) an obligation to absorb losses of the entity or a right to receive benefits from the entity that could potentially be significant to the entity.
Our variable interests in VIEs include debt and equity interests, equity interests in associated companies, commitments, guarantees and certain fees. Our involvement with VIEs arises primarily from the following activities, but also includes other activities discussed below:
•Purchases of securities in connection with our trading and secondary market-making activities;
•Retained interests held as a result of securitization activities;
•Acting as placement agent and/or underwriter in connection with client-sponsored securitizations;
•Financing of agency and non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities;
•Acting as servicer for a fee to automobile loan financing vehicles;
•Warehouse funding arrangements for client-sponsored consumer and mortgage loan vehicles and CLOs through participation agreements, forward sale agreements, reverse repurchase agreements and revolving loan and note commitments; and
•Loans to, investments in and fees from various investment vehicles.
We determine whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE upon our initial involvement with the VIE and we reassess whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE on an ongoing basis. Our determination of whether we are the primary beneficiary of a VIE is based upon the facts and circumstances for each VIE and requires judgment. Our considerations in determining the VIE's most significant activities and whether we have power to direct those activities include, but are not limited to, the VIE's purpose and design and the risks passed through to investors, the voting interests of the VIE, management, service and/or other agreements of the VIE, involvement in the VIE's initial design and the existence of explicit or implicit financial guarantees. In situations where we have determined that the power over the VIE's significant activities is shared, we assess whether we are the party with the power over the most significant activities. If we are the party with the power over the most significant activities, we meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary. If we do not have the power over the most significant activities or we determine that decisions require consent of each sharing party, we do not meet the "power" criteria of the primary beneficiary.
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We assess our variable interests in a VIE both individually and in aggregate to determine whether we have an obligation to absorb losses of or a right to receive benefits from the VIE that could potentially be significant to the VIE. The determination of whether our variable interest is significant to the VIE requires judgment. In determining the significance of our variable interest, we consider the terms, characteristics and size of the variable interests, the design and characteristics of the VIE, our involvement in the VIE and our market-making activities related to the variable interests.
Consolidated VIEs
The following table presents information about our consolidated VIEs (in millions). The assets and liabilities in the table below are presented prior to consolidation and thus a portion of these assets and liabilities are eliminated in consolidation.
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Secured Funding Vehicles | Other | Secured Funding Vehicles | Other | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash | $ | — | $ | 0.2 | $ | 3.8 | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value | — | 35.1 | 173.1 | 146.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell (1) | 1,575.8 | — | 3,697.1 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables (2) | 753.2 | 26.8 | 626.8 | 40.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets (3) | 130.6 | 77.7 | 114.6 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | $ | 2,459.6 | $ | 139.8 | $ | 4,615.4 | $ | 187.0 | |||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value | $ | — | $ | 3.7 | $ | — | $ | 109.1 | |||||||||||||||
| Other secured financings (4) | 2,403.4 | — | 4,521.6 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt | — | 24.3 | — | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities (5) | 3.2 | 76.7 | 46.6 | 75.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | $ | 2,406.6 | $ | 104.7 | $ | 4,568.2 | $ | 184.4 | |||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | $ | — | $ | 34.6 | $ | — | $ | — | |||||||||||||||
(1)Securities purchased under agreements to resell primarily represent amounts due under collateralized transactions on related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(2)Approximately $1.4 million and $1.2 million of the receivables at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(3)Approximately $71.2 million and $56.5 million of the other assets at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, represent intercompany receivables with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(4)Approximately $251.2 million and $36.7 million of the other secured financings at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
(5)Approximately $69.5 million and $75.3 million of the other liabilities at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, are with related consolidated entities, which are eliminated in consolidation.
Secured Funding Vehicles. We are the primary beneficiary of asset-backed financing vehicles to which we sell agency and non-agency residential and commercial mortgage loans and asset-backed securities pursuant to the terms of a master repurchase agreement. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of our collateral margin maintenance obligations under the master repurchase agreement, which we manage, and retained interests in securities issued. The assets of these VIEs consist of reverse repurchase agreements, which are available for the benefit of the vehicle's debt holders.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Foursight is the primary beneficiary of automobile loan financing vehicles to which we transfer automobile loans, act as servicer of the automobile loans for a fee and retain equity interests in the vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist primarily of automobile loans, which are accounted for as loans held for investment at amortized cost and included within Receivables in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. The liabilities of these VIEs consist of notes issued by the VIEs, which are accounted for at amortized cost and included within Other secured financings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition and do not have recourse to our general credit. The automobile loans are pledged as collateral for the related notes and available only for the benefit of the note holders.
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Other. We are the primary beneficiary of certain investment vehicles set up for the benefit of our employees. We manage and invest alongside our employees in these vehicles. The assets of these VIEs consist of private equity securities and are available for the benefit of the entities' equity holders. Our variable interests in these vehicles consist of equity securities. The creditors of these VIEs do not have recourse to our general credit and each such VIE's assets are not available to satisfy any other debt.
Additionally, HomeFed is the primary beneficiary of a real estate syndication entity that is developing a multi-family residential property. HomeFed invested in this property, together with other third-party investors that have noncontrolling interests, and manages the property. Its assets consist primarily of the real estate being developed and its liabilities consist primarily of accrued capital expenditures, other payables and long-term debt. Our variable interests in the VIE consist primarily of our equity ownership interest, a sponsor promote, and development and asset management fees earned for managing the project.
Nonconsolidated VIEs
The following table presents information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs (in millions):
| Carrying Amount | Maximum Exposure to Loss | VIE Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | Liabilities | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLOs | $ | 501.9 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 1,827.5 | $ | 9,128.9 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed vehicles | 468.4 | — | 632.8 | 4,488.0 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Related party private equity vehicles | 29.6 | — | 40.3 | 82.7 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other investment vehicles | 1,368.5 | — | 1,504.9 | 24,390.8 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,368.4 | $ | 0.1 | $ | 4,005.5 | $ | 38,090.4 | |||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| CLOs | $ | 582.2 | $ | 2.0 | $ | 2,557.1 | $ | 10,277.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset-backed vehicles | 281.9 | — | 359.3 | 3,474.6 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Related party private equity vehicles | 27.1 | — | 37.8 | 78.9 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other investment vehicles | 1,111.5 | — | 1,201.6 | 15,101.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 2,002.7 | $ | 2.0 | $ | 4,155.8 | $ | 28,932.4 | |||||||||||||||
Our maximum exposure to loss often differs from the carrying value of the variable interests. The maximum exposure to loss is dependent on the nature of the variable interests in our VIEs and is limited to the notional amounts of certain loan and equity commitments and guarantees. Our maximum exposure to loss does not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments that may be utilized to hedge the risks associated with our variable interests and is not reduced by the amount of collateral held as part of a transaction with a VIE.
Collateralized Loan Obligations. Assets collateralizing the CLOs include bank loans, participation interests, sub-investment grade and senior secured U.S. loans and senior secured Euro denominated corporate leveraged loans and bonds. We underwrite securities issued in CLO transactions on behalf of sponsors and provide advisory services to the sponsors. We may also sell corporate loans to the CLOs. Our variable interests in connection with CLOs where we have been involved in providing underwriting and/or advisory services consist of the following:
•Forward sale agreements whereby we commit to sell, at a fixed price, corporate loans and ownership interests in an entity holding such corporate loans to CLOs;
•Warehouse funding arrangements in the form of:
◦Participation interests in corporate loans held by CLOs and commitments to fund such participation interests;
◦Reverse repurchase agreements with collateral margin maintenance obligations and commitments to fund such reverse repurchase agreements; and
◦Senior and subordinated notes issued in connection with CLO warehousing activities.
•Trading positions in securities issued in CLO transactions; and
•Investments in variable funding notes issued by CLOs.
Asset-Backed Vehicles. We provide financing and lending related services to certain client-sponsored VIEs in the form of revolving funding note agreements, revolving credit facilities, forward purchase agreements and reverse repurchase
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agreements. The underlying assets, which are collateralizing the vehicles, are primarily composed of unsecured consumer loans and mortgage loans. In addition, we may provide structuring and advisory services and act as an underwriter or placement agent for securities issued by the vehicles. We do not control the activities of these entities.
Related Party Private Equity Vehicles. We committed to invest in private equity funds (the "JCP Funds", including Jefferies Group's interests in Jefferies Capital Partners V L.P. and the Jefferies SBI USA Fund L.P. (together, "JCP Fund V")) managed by Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC (the "JCP Manager"). Additionally, we committed to invest in the general partners of the JCP Funds (the "JCP General Partners") and the JCP Manager. Our variable interests in the JCP Funds, JCP General Partners and JCP Manager (collectively, the "JCP Entities") consist of equity interests that, in total, provide us with limited and general partner investment returns of the JCP Funds, a portion of the carried interest earned by the JCP General Partners and a portion of the management fees earned by the JCP Manager. At both August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, our total equity commitment in the JCP Entities was $133.0 million, of which $122.3 million and $122.3 million, respectively, had been funded. The carrying value of our equity investments in the JCP Entities was $29.6 million and $27.1 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. The assets of the JCP Entities primarily consist of private equity and equity related investments.
Other Investment Vehicles. The carrying amount of our equity investment was $1.37 billion and $1.11 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Our unfunded equity commitment related to these investments totaled $136.3 million and $90.0 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Our exposure to loss is limited to the total of our carrying value and unfunded equity commitment. These investment vehicles have assets primarily consisting of private and public equity investments, debt instruments, trade and insurance claims and various oil and gas assets.
Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Secured Funding Vehicles. In connection with our secondary trading and market-making activities, we buy and sell agency and non-agency mortgage-backed securities and other asset-backed securities, which are issued by third-party securitization SPEs and are generally considered variable interests in VIEs. Securities issued by securitization SPEs are backed by residential mortgage loans, U.S. agency collateralized mortgage obligations, commercial mortgage loans, CDOs and CLOs and other consumer loans, such as installment receivables, automobile loans and student loans. These securities are accounted for at fair value and included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We have no other involvement with the related SPEs and therefore do not consolidate these entities.
We also engage in underwriting, placement and structuring activities for third-party-sponsored securitization trusts generally through agency (Fannie Mae, Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac") or Ginnie Mae) or non-agency-sponsored SPEs and may purchase loans or mortgage-backed securities from third-parties that are subsequently transferred into the securitization trusts. The securitizations are backed by residential and commercial mortgage, home equity and automobile loans. We do not consolidate agency-sponsored securitizations as we do not have the power to direct the activities of the SPEs that most significantly impact their economic performance. Further, we are not the servicer of non-agency-sponsored securitizations and therefore do not have power to direct the most significant activities of the SPEs and accordingly, do not consolidate these entities. We may retain unsold senior and/or subordinated interests at the time of securitization in the form of securities issued by the SPEs.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, we held $1.60 billion and $1.31 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities, respectively, and $175.6 million and $253.9 million of non-agency mortgage-backed and other asset-backed securities, respectively, as a result of our secondary trading and market-making activities, and underwriting, placement and structuring activities. Our maximum exposure to loss on these securities is limited to the carrying value of our investments in these securities. These mortgage-backed and other asset-backed secured funding vehicles discussed are not included in the above table containing information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs.
FXCM is considered a VIE and our term loan and equity ownership are variable interests. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of FXCM because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact FXCM's performance. Therefore, we do not consolidate FXCM and we account for our equity interest under the equity method as an investment in an associated company. FXCM reported total assets of $401.2 million in its latest financial statements. Our maximum exposure to loss as a result of our involvement with FXCM is limited to the total of the carrying value of the term loan ($30.1 million) and the investment in associated company ($49.9 million) at August 31, 2022. FXCM is not included in the above table containing information about our variable interests in nonconsolidated VIEs.
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Note 8. Loans to and Investments in Associated Companies
A summary of Loans to and investments in associated companies accounted for under the equity method of accounting during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
Loans to and investments in associated companies as of beginning of period | Income (losses) related to associated companies | Other income (losses) related to associated companies (1) | Contributions to (distributions from) associated companies, net | Other | Loans to and investments in associated companies as of end of period | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jefferies Finance | $ | 776,162 | $ | — | $ | (71,587) | $ | 30,702 | $ | 2 | $ | 735,279 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Berkadia | 373,417 | 107,266 | (59,217) | (1,530) | 419,936 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM (2) | 48,986 | (8,131) | — | 10,000 | (1,001) | 49,854 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OpNet (3) | 133,778 | (42,308) | — | 48,135 | — | 139,605 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management companies (4) | 183,076 | — | 1,442 | (3,665) | — | 180,853 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate companies | 122,720 | (666) | — | 10,330 | — | 132,384 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (3) (4) | 107,651 | (5,407) | (264) | (4,109) | (2,459) | 95,412 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,745,790 | $ | (56,512) | $ | 36,857 | $ | 32,176 | $ | (4,988) | $ | 1,753,323 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Jefferies Finance | $ | 693,201 | $ | — | $ | 59,068 | $ | (8,837) | $ | — | $ | 743,432 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Berkadia | 301,152 | — | 86,639 | (556) | (140) | 387,095 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM (2) | 73,920 | (23,046) | — | — | 109 | 50,983 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| OpNet | 198,991 | (34,174) | — | (9,057) | (726) | 155,034 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management companies (4) | 139,707 | — | 41,276 | (26,566) | — | 154,417 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate companies | 168,678 | (2,948) | — | (20,151) | — | 145,579 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other (4) | 110,914 | (1,102) | 249 | (1,634) | (2) | 108,425 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,686,563 | $ | (61,270) | $ | 187,232 | $ | (66,801) | $ | (759) | $ | 1,744,965 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Primarily related to Jefferies Group and classified in Other revenues.
(2)As further described in Note 3, our investment in FXCM includes both our equity method investment in FXCM and our term loan with FXCM. Our equity method investment is included in Loans to and investments in associated companies and our term loan is included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
(3)Loans to and investments in associated companies at August 31, 2022 include loans and debt securities aggregating $27.9 million related to OpNet and other, and $15.3 million at November 30, 2021 related to other.
(4)Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Income (losses) related to associated companies includes the following (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| FXCM | $ | (1,162) | $ | (12,926) | $ | (8,131) | $ | (23,046) | |||||||||||||||
| OpNet | 2,664 | (14,231) | (42,308) | (34,174) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Real estate companies | (1,376) | 169 | (666) | (2,948) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other | (4,953) | (188) | (5,407) | (1,102) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (4,827) | $ | (27,176) | $ | (56,512) | $ | (61,270) | |||||||||||||||
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Other income (losses) related to associated companies (primarily related to Jefferies Group and classified in Other revenues) includes the following (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Jefferies Finance | $ | (76,383) | $ | (1,767) | $ | (71,587) | $ | 59,068 | |||||||||||||||
| Berkadia | 29,782 | 25,967 | 107,266 | 86,639 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management companies (1) | (5,005) | 9,979 | 1,442 | 41,276 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other (1) | (122) | 9 | (264) | 249 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | (51,728) | $ | 34,188 | $ | 36,857 | $ | 187,232 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Certain prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to the current year presentation.
Jefferies Finance
Through Jefferies Group, we own a 50% equity interest in JFIN Parent LLC ("Jefferies Finance") and Jefferies Finance LLC is a direct subsidiary of JFIN Parent LLC. Jefferies Finance is a joint venture entity pursuant to an agreement with Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company ("MassMutual"). Jefferies Finance is a commercial finance company that structures, underwrites and syndicates primarily senior secured loans to corporate borrowers; and manages proprietary and third-party investments for both broadly syndicated and direct lending loans. Jefferies Finance conducts its operations primarily through two business lines, Leveraged Finance Arrangement, and Portfolio and Asset Management. Loans are originated primarily through Jefferies Group's investment banking efforts and Jefferies Finance typically syndicates to third-party investors substantially all of its arranged volume through Jefferies Group. The Portfolio and Asset Management business lines, collectively referred to as Jefferies Credit Partners, manages a broad portfolio of assets under management comprised of portions of loans it has arranged, as well as loan positions that it has purchased in the primary and secondary markets. Jefferies Credit Partners is comprised of three registered Investment Advisors: Jefferies Finance, Apex Credit Partners LLC and JFIN Asset Management LLC, which serve as a private credit platform managing proprietary and third-party capital across comingled funds, separately managed accounts and collateralized loan obligations.
At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group and MassMutual each had equity commitments to Jefferies Finance of $750.0 million. The equity commitment is reduced quarterly based on Jefferies Group's share of any undistributed earnings from Jefferies Finance and the commitment is increased only to the extent the share of such earnings are distributed. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group's remaining commitment to Jefferies Finance was $15.4 million. The investment commitment is scheduled to expire on March 1, 2023 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 day termination notice by either party.
Jefferies Finance has executed a Secured Revolving Credit Facility with Jefferies Group and MassMutual, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, which bears interest based on the interest rates of the related Jefferies Finance underwritten loans and is secured by the underlying loans funded by the proceeds of the facility. The total Secured Revolving Credit Facility is a committed amount of $500.0 million at August 31, 2022. Advances are shared equally between Jefferies Group and MassMutual. The facility is scheduled to mature on March 1, 2023 with automatic one year extensions absent a 60 day termination notice by either party. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group had funded $0.0 million of its $250.0 million commitment. Jefferies Group recognized interest income and unfunded commitment fees related to the facility of $0.3 million and $0.3 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $1.3 million and $2.2 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
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The following summarizes activity related to our other transactions with Jefferies Finance (in millions):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Origination and syndication fee revenues (1) | $ | 14.6 | $ | 87.8 | $ | 171.4 | $ | 303.5 | |||||||||||||||
| Origination fee expenses (1) | 6.5 | 15.6 | 33.8 | 48.4 | |||||||||||||||||||
| CLO placement fee revenues (2) | 1.2 | 0.6 | 3.1 | 4.3 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Underwriting fees (3) | — | 2.0 | — | 2.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Service fees (4) | 17.3 | 18.0 | 83.1 | 63.5 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1) Jefferies Group engages in the origination and syndication of loans underwritten by Jefferies Finance. In connection with such services, Jefferies Group earned fees, which are recognized in Investment banking revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. In addition, Jefferies Group paid fees to Jefferies Finance in respect of certain loans originated by Jefferies Finance, which are recognized in Selling, general and other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
(2) Jefferies Group acts as a placement agent for CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, for which Jefferies Group recognized fees, which are included in Investment banking revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Jefferies Group held securities issued by CLOs managed by Jefferies Finance, which are included in Financial instruments owned, at fair value.
(3) Jefferies Group acted as underwriter in connection with term loans issued by Jefferies Finance.
(4) Under a service agreement, Jefferies Group charges Jefferies Finance for services provided.
In connection with non-U.S. dollar loans originated by Jefferies Finance to borrowers who are investment banking clients of Jefferies Group, Jefferies Group has entered into an agreement to indemnify Jefferies Finance with respect to any foreign currency exposure.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, receivables from Jefferies Finance, included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, were $10.0 million and $26.2 million, respectively. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, payables to Jefferies Finance, related to cash deposited with Jefferies Group, included in Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, were $30.1 million and $8.5 million, respectively.
Berkadia
Berkadia is a commercial mortgage banking and servicing joint venture that was formed in 2009 with Berkshire Hathaway Inc. We and Berkshire Hathaway each contributed $217.2 million of equity capital to the joint venture and each have a 50% membership interest in Berkadia. We are entitled to receive 45% of the profits. Berkadia originates commercial/multifamily real estate loans that are sold to U.S. government agencies, or other investors. Berkadia also is an investment sales advisor focused on the multifamily industry. Berkadia is a servicer of commercial real estate loans in the U.S., performing primary, master and special servicing functions for U.S. government agency programs, commercial mortgage-backed securities transactions, banks, insurance companies and other financial institutions.
Berkadia uses all of the proceeds from the commercial paper sales of an affiliate of Berkadia to fund new mortgage loans, servicer advances, investments and other working capital requirements. Repayment of the commercial paper is supported by a $1.5 billion surety policy issued by a Berkshire Hathaway insurance subsidiary and corporate guaranty, and we have agreed to reimburse Berkshire Hathaway for one-half of any losses incurred thereunder. At August 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of commercial paper outstanding was $1.47 billion.
FXCM
We have a 50% voting interest in FXCM, a provider of online foreign exchange trading services. We account for our equity interest in FXCM on a one month lag. We are amortizing our basis difference between the estimated fair value and the underlying book value of FXCM customer relationships, technology and tradename over their respective useful lives (weighted average life of 11 years).
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FXCM is considered a VIE and our term loan and equity interest are variable interests. We have determined that we are not the primary beneficiary of FXCM because we do not have the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact FXCM's performance. Therefore, we do not consolidate FXCM.
OpNet
We own approximately 42% of the common shares of OpNet, the largest fixed wireless broadband services provider in Italy. In addition, we own convertible preferred stock, which is automatically convertible to common shares in 2026, redeemable preferred stock with a redemption value of $98.8 million at August 31, 2022, and warrants. If all of our convertible preferred stock was converted and warrants were exercised, it would increase our ownership to approximately 61% of OpNet's common equity at August 31, 2022. We have approximately 48% of the total voting securities of OpNet. Additionally, we have made shareholder loans to OpNet with principal outstanding of $44.5 million at August 31, 2022. We account for our equity interest in OpNet on a two month lag.
Asset Management Companies
Through Jefferies Group, we have asset management equity method investments that consist of our shares in Monashee Holdings LLC ("Monashee") and Oak Hill Capital Management LLC, OHCP GenPar Holdco, LP, Oak Hill Capital Management Partners III, LP and Oak Hill Capital Partners IV (Management), LP (collectively the "Oak Hill entities"). Monashee, an investment management company, a registered investment advisor and general partner of various investment management funds, provides us with a 50% voting rights interest and the rights to distributions of 47.5% of the annual net profits of Monashee's operations if certain thresholds are met. A portion of the carrying amount of the investment in Monashee relates to contract and customer relationship and client relationship intangible assets and goodwill. The intangible assets are amortized over their useful life and the goodwill is not amortized. The Asset Management companies equity method investments also consist of membership interests and limited partnership interests of approximately 15% in the Oak Hill investment management company and registered investment advisor and the Oak Hill general partner entity, which is entitled to carried interest from certain Oak Hill managed funds (collectively "the Oak Hill interests"). Subsequent to quarter-end, on September 30, 2022, we sold the Oak Hill interests with a carrying value of $167.7 million and recognized $175.1 million within Other revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Operations as a result of the sale.
Real Estate Companies
Real estate equity method investments primarily consist of HomeFed's interests in Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza and Hotel and 54 Madison. These equity interests are accounted for on a two month lag.
Brooklyn Renaissance Plaza is comprised of a hotel operated by Marriott, an office building complex and a parking garage located in Brooklyn, New York. HomeFed owns a 25.4% equity interest in the hotel and a 61.25% equity interest in the office building and garage. Although HomeFed has a majority interest in the office building and garage, it does not have control, but only has the ability to exercise significant influence on this investment. As such, HomeFed accounts for the office building and garage under the equity method of accounting. We are amortizing our basis difference between the estimated fair value and the underlying book value of Brooklyn Renaissance office building and garage over the respective useful lives (weighted average life of 39 years).
We own approximately 48.1% of 54 Madison, a fund that owns interests in one real estate project and is in the process of being liquidated.
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Note 9. Intangible Assets, Net and Goodwill
A summary of Intangible assets, net and goodwill is as follows (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Indefinite-lived intangibles: | |||||||||||
| Exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations | $ | 7,365 | $ | 7,732 | |||||||
| Amortizable intangibles: | |||||||||||
Customer and other relationships, net of accumulated amortization of $87,692 and $128,012 | 37,966 | 42,808 | |||||||||
Trademarks and tradenames, net of accumulated amortization of $34,426 and $32,244 | 92,198 | 96,509 | |||||||||
Other, net of accumulated amortization of $11,073 and $11,329 | 3,885 | 5,353 | |||||||||
| Total intangible assets, net | 141,414 | 152,402 | |||||||||
| Goodwill: | |||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1) | 1,549,851 | 1,561,928 | |||||||||
| Asset Management | 143,000 | 143,000 | |||||||||
| Real estate | 36,711 | 36,711 | |||||||||
| Other operations | 3,459 | 3,459 | |||||||||
| Total goodwill | 1,733,021 | 1,745,098 | |||||||||
| Total intangible assets, net and goodwill | $ | 1,874,435 | $ | 1,897,500 | |||||||
(1) The decrease in Investment Banking and Capital Markets goodwill during the nine months ended August 31, 2022, primarily relates to translation adjustments.
Amortization expense on intangible assets was $2.5 million and $3.6 million for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $8.5 million and $10.7 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The estimated aggregate future amortization expense for the intangible assets for each of the next five fiscal years is as follows (in thousands):
| Remainder of current year | $ | 2,514 | |||
| 2023 | 9,904 | ||||
| 2024 | 9,147 | ||||
| 2025 | 8,636 | ||||
| 2026 | 8,608 | ||||
We performed our annual impairment testing of goodwill within the Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment and the Asset Management segment as of August 1, 2022. The quantitative goodwill impairment test is performed at our reporting unit level. The fair value of the reporting unit is compared with its carrying value, including goodwill and allocated intangible assets. If the fair value is in excess of the carrying value, the goodwill for the reporting unit is considered not to be impaired. If the fair value is less than the carrying value, an impairment loss is recognized as the difference between the fair value and carrying value of the reporting unit.
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The estimated fair value of both the Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment and the Asset Management segment are based on valuation techniques that we believe market participants would use, although the valuation process requires significant judgment and involves the use of significant estimates and assumptions. The methodologies we utilize in estimating fair value include price-to-earnings and price-to-book multiples of comparable public companies and/or projected cash flows. In addition, as the fair values determined under the market approach represent a noncontrolling interest, we applied a control premium to arrive at the estimated fair value of our reporting units on a controlling basis. An independent valuation specialist was engaged to assist with the valuation process at August 1, 2022. The results of our annual goodwill impairment test for both the Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment and the Asset Management segment did not indicate any goodwill impairment.
We performed our annual impairment testing of intangible assets with an indefinite useful life, which consists of exchange and clearing organization membership interests and registrations within our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment, at August 1, 2022. We utilized quantitative assessments of membership interests and registrations that have available quoted sales prices as well as certain other membership interests and registrations that have declined in utilization and qualitative assessments were performed on the remainder of our indefinite-life intangible assets. In applying our quantitative assessments, we recognized immaterial impairment losses on certain exchange membership interests and registrations. With regard to our qualitative assessments of the remaining indefinite-life intangible assets, based on our assessments of market conditions, the utilization of the assets and the replacement costs associated with the assets, we have concluded that it is not more likely than not that the intangible assets are impaired.
Note 10. Short-Term Borrowings
Our short-term borrowings, which mature in one year or less, are as follows (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Bank loans (1) | $ | 557,439 | $ | 215,063 | |||||||
| Floating rate puttable notes (1) | 6,800 | 6,800 | |||||||||
| Total short-term borrowings | $ | 564,239 | $ | 221,863 | |||||||
(1) These short-term borrowings are recorded at cost in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, which is a reasonable approximation of their fair values due to their liquid and short-term nature.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, the weighted average interest rate on short-term borrowings outstanding was 3.55% and 1.41% per annum, respectively.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Jefferies Group's borrowings under credit facilities classified within bank loans in Short-term borrowings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition were $550.0 million and $200.0 million, respectively. Jefferies Group's borrowings include credit facilities that contain certain covenants that, among other things, require it to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for its U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of its subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and Jefferies Group in reference to the bank's cost of funding. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities.
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Note 11. Long-Term Debt
Principal amounts included in the table below are shown net of unamortized discounts, premiums and debt issuance costs (dollars in thousands).
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Parent Company Debt: | |||||||||||
| Senior Notes: | |||||||||||
5.50% Senior Notes due October 18, 2023, $441,748 principal | $ | 440,748 | $ | 440,120 | |||||||
6.625% Senior Notes due October 23, 2043, $250,000 principal | 246,937 | 246,888 | |||||||||
| Total long-term debt – Parent Company | 687,685 | 687,008 | |||||||||
| Subsidiary Debt (non-recourse to Parent Company): | |||||||||||
| Jefferies Group Unsecured Long-term Debt: | |||||||||||
1.00% Euro Medium Term Notes, due July 19, 2024, $502,225 and $566,150 principal | 501,444 | 564,985 | |||||||||
4.50% Callable Note, due July 22, 2025, $6,206 principal | 6,147 | — | |||||||||
4.85% Senior Notes, due January 15, 2027, $750,000 principal (1) | 714,423 | 775,550 | |||||||||
6.45% Senior Debentures, due June 8, 2027, $350,000 principal | 364,589 | 366,556 | |||||||||
5.00% Callable Note, due June 16, 2027, $25,000 principal | 24,772 | — | |||||||||
5.00% Callable Note, due February 17, 2028, $10,018 principal | 9,882 | — | |||||||||
4.15% Senior Notes, due January 23, 2030, $1,000,000 principal | 991,266 | 990,525 | |||||||||
2.625% Senior Notes due October 15, 2031, $1,000,000 principal (1) | 922,252 | 988,059 | |||||||||
2.75% Senior Notes, due October 15, 2032, $500,000 principal (1) | 401,353 | 460,724 | |||||||||
6.25% Senior Debentures, due January 15, 2036, $488,000 and $495,000 principal | 497,800 | 505,267 | |||||||||
6.50% Senior Notes, due January 20, 2043, $391,000 principal | 409,588 | 409,926 | |||||||||
| Floating Rate Senior Notes, due October 29, 2071 | 61,712 | 61,703 | |||||||||
| Jefferies Group Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility | 249,421 | 348,951 | |||||||||
| Structured Notes (2) | 1,517,410 | 1,843,598 | |||||||||
| Jefferies Group Secured Long-term Debt: | |||||||||||
| Jefferies Group Secured Credit Facilities (3) | 800,275 | 706,608 | |||||||||
| Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan | 100,000 | 100,000 | |||||||||
| HomeFed EB-5 Program debt | 208,516 | 203,132 | |||||||||
| HomeFed construction loans | 102,851 | 45,581 | |||||||||
| Vitesse Energy Revolving Credit Facility | 64,080 | 67,572 | |||||||||
Total long-term debt – subsidiaries | 7,947,781 | 8,438,737 | |||||||||
| Long-term debt | $ | 8,635,466 | $ | 9,125,745 | |||||||
(1) Amounts include net gains of $188.0 million and $38.6 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, associated with interest rate swaps based on designation as fair value hedges. See Note 4 for further information.
(2) These structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenues. Gains and losses in the fair value of structured notes resulting from non-credit components are recognized within Other operating activities in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flow.
(3) Amounts include $82.6 million at November 30, 2021 related to Foursight credit facilities. In the first quarter of 2022, Foursight was transferred to Jefferies Group.
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Subsidiary Debt:
During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, structured notes with a total principal amount of approximately $162.5 million, net of retirements, were issued by Jefferies Group.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, borrowings under several of Jefferies Group's credit facilities classified within Long-term debt amounted to $1.05 billion and $972.9 million, respectively. Interest on these credit facilities is based on adjusted London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") rates or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements. The credit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, require Jefferies Group to maintain specified levels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and impose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and require specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of its subsidiaries. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under theses credit facilities.
In addition, one of Jefferies Group's subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan ("Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan"). At both August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, borrowings under the Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt. The Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan matures on September 13, 2024, has an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR and is collateralized by certain trading securities. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under the Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan.
HomeFed funds certain of its real estate projects in part by raising funds under the Immigrant Investor Program administered by the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services pursuant to the Immigration and Nationality Act ("EB-5 Program"). This program was created to stimulate the U.S. economy through the creation of jobs and capital investments in U.S. companies by foreign investors. This debt is secured by certain real estate of HomeFed. At August 31, 2022, HomeFed was in compliance with all debt covenants which include, among other requirements, limitations on incurrence of debt, collateral requirements and restricted use of proceeds. Primarily all of HomeFed's EB-5 Program debt matures in 2024 through 2026.
At August 31, 2022, HomeFed has construction loans with an aggregate committed amount of $148.6 million. The proceeds are being used for construction at certain of its real estate projects. The outstanding principal amount of the loans bear interest based on the 30 day LIBOR or the Secured Overnight Financing Rate ("SOFR"), plus spreads of 2.15% to 3.15%, subject to adjustment on the first of each calendar month. At August 31, 2022, the weighted average interest rate on these loans was 4.92%. The loans mature between December 2022 and May 2024 and are collateralized by the property underlying the related project with a guarantee by HomeFed. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, $103.6 million and $46.8 million, respectively, was outstanding under the construction loan agreements.
Vitesse Energy has a revolving credit facility with a syndicate of banks that matures in April 2026 and has a maximum borrowing base of $200.0 million at August 31, 2022. At August 31, 2022, $66.0 million was outstanding under the facility. Borrowings under the facility have been made as SOFR loans that bear interest at SOFR plus a spread ranging from 2.75% to 3.75% based on the borrowing base utilization percentage. The credit facility is guaranteed by Vitesse Energy's subsidiaries and is collateralized with a minimum of 85% of Vitesse Energy's proved reserve value of its oil and gas properties. Vitesse Energy's borrowing base is subject to regular re-determination on or about April 1 and October 1 of each year based on proved oil and gas reserves, hedge positions and estimated future cash flows from these reserves calculated using future commodity pricing provided by Vitesse Energy's lenders. At November 30, 2021, $68.0 million was outstanding under the prior revolving credit facility.
Note 12. Mezzanine Equity
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, redeemable noncontrolling interests include other redeemable noncontrolling interests of $13.4 million and $25.4 million, respectively, primarily related to our oil and gas exploration and development businesses.
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Mandatorily Redeemable Convertible Preferred Shares
We have one series of callable mandatorily redeemable cumulative convertible preferred shares ("Preferred Shares"). Our 125,000 Preferred Shares are callable beginning January 2023 at a price of $1,000 per share, plus accrued interest and are mandatorily redeemable in 2038 for $125.0 million. The Preferred Shares have a dividend rate equal to the sum of 3.25% annual, cumulative cash dividend, plus an additional quarterly payment based on the amount by which our common stock dividends exceed $0.0625 per common share. The Preferred Shares are currently convertible into 4,440,863 common shares, an effective conversion price of $28.15 per share. Based on the quarterly dividend of $0.30 per common share, the effective rate on these Preferred Shares is approximately 6.6%.
Note 13. Compensation Plans
Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units. Restricted stock and restricted stock units ("RSUs") may be granted to new employees as "sign-on" awards, to existing employees as "retention" awards and to certain executive officers as incentive awards. Sign-on and retention awards are generally subject to annual ratable vesting over a multi-year service period and are amortized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the service period. Restricted stock and RSUs are granted to certain senior executives and may contain market, performance and/or service conditions. Market conditions are incorporated into the grant-date fair value of senior executive awards using a Monte Carlo valuation model. Compensation expense for awards with market conditions is recognized over the service period and is not reversed if the market conditions are not met. Awards with performance conditions are amortized over the service period if, and to the extent, it is determined to be probable that the performance condition will be achieved. If awards are forfeited due to failure to achieve performance conditions or failure to satisfy service conditions, any previously recognized expense for such awards is reversed.
Senior Executive Compensation Plan.
In December 2021, our senior executives were granted RSUs containing service conditions, including a special leadership continuity grant, as well as RSUs that contain both service and performance conditions. For the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022, we recorded $6.5 million and $18.3 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation related to these awards.
In December 2020, our senior executives were granted nonqualified stock options and stock appreciation rights ("SARs"). The total initial fair value of the stock options and SARs were recorded as expense at the time of the grant, as both awards have no future service requirements. For the nine months ended August 31, 2021, we recorded $48.6 million of total Compensation and benefits expense relating to the stock options and SARs, of which $12.9 million was stock-based compensation and $35.7 million related to the SAR awards.
Share-Based Compensation Expense. Share-based compensation expense relating to grants made under our share-based compensation plans was $10.0 million and $7.0 million for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $33.0 million and $71.2 million (including $48.6 million related to the senior executive stock option award and SAR awards, as discussed above) for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Total compensation cost includes the amortization of sign-on, retention and senior executive awards, less forfeitures and clawbacks. At August 31, 2022, total unrecognized compensation cost related to nonvested share-based compensation plans was $100.9 million; this cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3.4 years.
At August 31, 2022, there were 961,000 shares of restricted stock outstanding with future service required, 4,245,000 RSUs outstanding with future service required (including target RSUs that may be issued under the senior executive compensation plan), 12,547,000 RSUs outstanding with no future service required, 5,027,000 stock options outstanding and 1,155,000 shares issuable under other plans. Additionally, the Preferred Shares are currently convertible into 4,440,863 common shares at an effective conversion price of $28.15 per share. The maximum potential increase to common shares outstanding resulting from these outstanding awards and the Preferred Shares is 27,415,000 at August 31, 2022.
Restricted Cash Awards. Jefferies Group provides compensation to certain new and existing employees in the form of loans and/or other cash awards that are subject to ratable vesting terms with service requirements. These awards are amortized as compensation expense over the relevant service period, which is generally considered to start at the beginning of the annual compensation year. At August 31, 2022, the remaining unamortized amount of the restricted cash awards was $270.8 million and is included within Other assets in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition; this cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 3 years.
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Note 14. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Activity in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) and Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity but not in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. A summary of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of taxes is as follows (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Net unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities | $ | (767) | $ | 269 | |||||||
| Net foreign currency translation adjustments (1) | (215,542) | (166,499) | |||||||||
| Net changes in instrument-specific credit risk | (83,647) | (153,672) | |||||||||
| Net minimum pension liability | (50,414) | (52,241) | |||||||||
| Total accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) | $ | (350,370) | $ | (372,143) | |||||||
(1) We reduce the impact of fluctuations in foreign exchange rates on our net investments in some of our non-U.S. operations through the use of foreign exchange contracts. Relating to these contracts, all gains or losses on the hedging instruments are included as part of net foreign currency translation adjustments within accumulated other comprehensive income (loss). The net foreign currency translation adjustments are shown net of cumulative gains from these hedges of $131.2 million and $11.9 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
Amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) to net income are as follows (in thousands):
| Details about Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) Components | Amount Reclassified from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Affected Line Item in the Consolidated Statements of Operations | ||||||||||||||||||
| For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net changes in instrument-specific credit risk, net of income tax provision (benefit) of $(52) and $599 | $ | (161) | $ | 1,861 | Principal transactions revenues | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of defined benefit pension plan actuarial losses, net of income tax benefit of $(624) and $(795) | (1,827) | (2,329) | Selling, general and other expenses, which includes pension expense | |||||||||||||||||
Total reclassifications for the period, net of tax | $ | (1,988) | $ | (468) | ||||||||||||||||
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Note 15. Revenues from Contracts with Customers
The following table presents our total revenues separated for our revenues from contracts with customers and our other sources of revenues (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from contracts with customers: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Commissions and other fees | $ | 221,397 | $ | 214,363 | $ | 705,419 | $ | 673,756 | |||||||||||||||
Investment banking | 709,334 | 1,180,620 | 2,255,241 | 3,184,932 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 246,474 | 239,086 | 756,544 | 700,377 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | 1,177,205 | 1,634,069 | 3,717,204 | 4,559,065 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other sources of revenue: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Principal transactions | 200,889 | 232,110 | 654,633 | 1,513,034 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest income | 318,216 | 220,278 | 776,896 | 691,223 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 140,617 | 54,137 | 249,141 | 247,189 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from other sources | 659,722 | 506,525 | 1,680,670 | 2,451,446 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues | $ | 1,836,927 | $ | 2,140,594 | $ | 5,397,874 | $ | 7,010,511 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues from contracts with customers are recognized when, or as, we satisfy our performance obligations by transferring the promised goods or services to the customers. A good or service is transferred to a customer when, or as, the customer obtains control of that good or service. A performance obligation may be satisfied over time or at a point in time. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied over time is recognized by measuring our progress in satisfying the performance obligation in a manner that depicts the transfer of the goods or services to the customer. Revenue from a performance obligation satisfied at a point in time is recognized at the point in time that we determine the customer obtains control over the promised good or service. The amount of revenue recognized reflects the consideration we expect to be entitled to in exchange for those promised goods or services (the "transaction price"). In determining the transaction price, we consider multiple factors, including the effects of variable consideration. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainties with respect to the amount are resolved. In determining when to include variable consideration in the transaction price, we consider the range of possible outcomes, the predictive value of our past experiences, the time period of when uncertainties expect to be resolved and the amount of consideration that is susceptible to factors outside of our influence, such as market volatility or the judgment and actions of third-parties.
The following provides detailed information on the recognition of our revenues from contracts with customers:
Commissions and Other Fees. We earn commission and other fee revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients primarily in equity, equity-related and futures products. Trade execution and clearing services, when provided together, represent a single performance obligation as the services are not separately identifiable in the context of the contract. Commission revenues associated with combined trade execution and clearing services, as well as trade execution services on a standalone basis, are recognized at a point in time on trade-date. Commission revenues are generally paid on settlement date and we record a receivable between trade-date and payment on settlement date. We permit institutional customers to allocate a portion of their gross commissions to pay for research products and other services provided by third-parties. The amounts allocated for those purposes are commonly referred to as soft dollar arrangements. We act as an agent in the soft dollar arrangements as the customer controls the use of the soft dollars and directs our payments to third-party service providers on its behalf. Accordingly, amounts allocated to soft dollar arrangements are netted against commission revenues in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. We also earn investment research fees for the sales of our proprietary investment research when a contract with a client has been identified. The delivery of investment research services represents a distinct performance obligation that is satisfied over time when the performance obligation is to provide ongoing access to a research platform or research analysts, with fees recognized on a straight-line basis over the period in which the performance obligation is satisfied. The performance obligation is satisfied at a point in time when the performance obligation is to provide individual interactions with research analysts or research events, with fees recognized on the interaction date.
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We earn account advisory and distribution fees in connection with wealth management services. Account advisory fees are recognized over time using the time-elapsed method as we determined that the customer simultaneously receives and consumes the benefits of investment advisory services as they are provided. Account advisory fees may be paid in advance of a specified service period or in arrears at the end of the specified service period (e.g., quarterly). Account advisory fees paid in advance are initially deferred within Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Distribution fees are variable and recognized when the uncertainties with respect to the amounts are resolved.
Investment Banking. We provide our clients with a full range of financial advisory and underwriting services. Revenues from financial advisory services primarily consist of fees generated in connection with merger, acquisition and restructuring transactions. Advisory fees from mergers and acquisitions engagements are recognized at a point in time when the related transaction is completed, as the performance obligation is to successfully broker a specific transaction. Fees received prior to the completion of the transaction are deferred within Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Advisory fees from restructuring engagements are recognized over time using a time elapsed measure of progress as our clients simultaneously receive and consume the benefits of those services as they are provided. A significant portion of the fees we receive for our advisory services are considered variable as they are contingent upon a future event (e.g., completion of a transaction or third-party emergence from bankruptcy) and are excluded from the transaction price until the uncertainty associated with the variable consideration is subsequently resolved, which is expected to occur upon achievement of the specified milestone. Payment for advisory services are generally due promptly upon completion of a specified milestone or, for retainer fees, periodically over the course of the engagement. We recognize a receivable between the date of completion of the milestone and payment by the customer. Expenses associated with investment banking advisory engagements are deferred only to the extent they are explicitly reimbursable by the client and the related revenue is recognized at a point in time. All other investment banking advisory related expenses, including expenses incurred related to restructuring assignments, are expensed as incurred. All investment banking advisory expenses are recognized within their respective expense category in the Consolidated Statements of Operations and any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as Investment banking revenues.
Underwriting services include underwriting and placement agent services in both the equity and debt capital markets, including private equity placements, initial public offerings, follow-on offerings and equity-linked securities transactions and structuring, underwriting and distributing public and private debt, including investment grade debt, high yield bonds, leveraged loans, municipal bonds and mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities. Underwriting and placement agent revenues are recognized at a point in time on trade-date, as the client obtains the control and benefit of the underwriting offering at that point. Costs associated with underwriting transactions are deferred until the related revenue is recognized or the engagement is otherwise concluded, and are recorded on a gross basis within underwriting costs in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as we are acting as a principal in the arrangement. Any expenses reimbursed by our clients are recognized as Investment banking revenues.
Asset Management Fees. We earn management and performance fees, recorded in Other revenues, in connection with investment advisory services provided to various funds and accounts, which are satisfied over time and measured using a time elapsed measure of progress as the customer receives the benefits of the services evenly throughout the term of the contract. Management and performance fees are considered variable as they are subject to fluctuation (e.g., changes in assets under management, market performance) and/or are contingent on a future event during the measurement period (e.g., meeting a specified benchmark) and are recognized only to the extent it is probable that a significant reversal in the amount of cumulative revenue recognized will not occur when the uncertainty is resolved. Management fees are generally based on month-end assets under management or an agreed upon notional amount and are included in the transaction price at the end of each month when the assets under management or notional amount is known. Performance fees are received when the return on assets under management for a specified performance period exceed certain benchmark returns, "high-water marks" or other performance targets. The performance period related to our performance fees is annual or semi-annual. Accordingly, performance fee revenue will generally be recognized only at the end of the performance period to the extent that the benchmark return has been met.
Manufacturing Revenues. Idaho Timber's primary business consists of the sale of lumber that is manufactured or remanufactured at one of its locations. Agreements with customers for these sales specify the type, quantity and price of products to be delivered as well as the delivery date and payment terms. The transaction price is fixed at the time of sale and revenue is generally recognized when the customer takes control of the product. Manufacturing revenues are included in Other revenues.
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Disaggregation of Revenue
The following presents our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by major business activity and primary geographic regions (in thousands):
| Reportable Segments (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Reconciling Items -Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major Business Activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Advisory | $ | 486,762 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (5,343) | $ | 481,419 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Underwriting | 227,915 | — | — | — | — | 227,915 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities (2) | 218,007 | — | — | — | (74) | 217,933 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income (2) | 3,464 | — | — | — | — | 3,464 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | — | 3,758 | — | — | — | 3,758 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing revenues | — | — | 105,469 | — | — | 105,469 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas revenues | — | — | 84,493 | — | — | 84,493 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | — | — | 52,754 | — | — | 52,754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 936,148 | $ | 3,758 | $ | 242,716 | $ | — | $ | (5,417) | $ | 1,177,205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographic Region: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 681,329 | $ | 3,758 | $ | 241,537 | $ | — | $ | (5,417) | $ | 921,207 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 191,806 | — | 743 | — | — | 192,549 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 63,013 | — | 436 | — | — | 63,449 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 936,148 | $ | 3,758 | $ | 242,716 | $ | — | $ | (5,417) | $ | 1,177,205 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Three months ended August 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major Business Activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Advisory | $ | 583,887 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 583,887 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Underwriting | 596,733 | — | — | — | — | 596,733 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities (2) | 210,109 | — | — | — | (30) | 210,079 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income (2) | 4,284 | — | — | — | — | 4,284 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | — | 2,853 | — | — | — | 2,853 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing revenues | — | — | 118,918 | — | — | 118,918 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas revenues | — | — | 49,814 | — | — | 49,814 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | — | — | 67,501 | — | — | 67,501 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 1,395,013 | $ | 2,853 | $ | 236,233 | $ | — | $ | (30) | $ | 1,634,069 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographic Region: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 1,114,829 | $ | 2,853 | $ | 235,450 | $ | — | $ | (30) | $ | 1,353,102 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 215,146 | — | 445 | — | — | 215,591 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 65,038 | — | 338 | — | — | 65,376 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 1,395,013 | $ | 2,853 | $ | 236,233 | $ | — | $ | (30) | $ | 1,634,069 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Reportable Segments (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Reconciling Items -Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended August 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major Business Activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Advisory | $ | 1,402,291 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (5,343) | $ | 1,396,948 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Underwriting | 858,649 | — | — | — | (356) | 858,293 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities (2) | 695,508 | — | — | — | (366) | 695,142 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income (2) | 10,277 | — | — | — | — | 10,277 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | — | 19,627 | — | — | — | 19,627 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Manufacturing revenues | — | — | 412,605 | — | — | 412,605 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas revenues | — | — | 225,652 | — | — | 225,652 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | — | — | 98,660 | — | — | 98,660 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 2,966,725 | $ | 19,627 | $ | 736,917 | $ | — | $ | (6,065) | $ | 3,717,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographic Region: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 2,302,203 | $ | 19,627 | $ | 733,796 | $ | — | $ | (6,065) | $ | 3,049,561 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 464,370 | — | 1,950 | — | — | 466,320 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 200,152 | — | 1,171 | — | — | 201,323 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 2,966,725 | $ | 19,627 | $ | 736,917 | $ | — | $ | (6,065) | $ | 3,717,204 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Nine months ended August 31, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Major Business Activity: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Advisory | $ | 1,285,834 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 1,285,834 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking - Underwriting | 1,899,098 | — | — | — | — | 1,899,098 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities (2) | 663,503 | — | — | — | (218) | 663,285 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fixed Income (2) | 10,471 | — | — | — | — | 10,471 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | — | 12,594 | — | — | — | 12,594 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Manufacturing revenues | — | — | 440,857 | — | — | 440,857 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas revenues | — | — | 126,855 | — | — | 126,855 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Other revenues | — | — | 120,071 | — | — | 120,071 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 3,858,906 | $ | 12,594 | $ | 687,783 | $ | — | $ | (218) | $ | 4,559,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Primary Geographic Region: | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Americas | $ | 3,104,251 | $ | 11,961 | $ | 685,760 | $ | — | $ | (218) | $ | 3,801,754 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 575,774 | 633 | 1,351 | — | — | 577,758 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asia Pacific | 178,881 | — | 672 | — | — | 179,553 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total revenues from contracts with customers | $ | 3,858,906 | $ | 12,594 | $ | 687,783 | $ | — | $ | (218) | $ | 4,559,065 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) In the first quarter of 2022, we transferred certain Merchant Banking net assets to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets, and Asset Management segments. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current segment reporting.
(2) Revenues from contracts with customers associated with the equities and fixed income businesses primarily represent commissions and other fee revenue.
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Information on Remaining Performance Obligations and Revenue Recognized from Past Performance
We do not disclose information about remaining performance obligations pertaining to contracts that have an original expected duration of one year or less. The transaction price allocated to remaining unsatisfied or partially unsatisfied performance obligations with an original expected duration exceeding one year was not material at August 31, 2022. Investment banking advisory fees that are contingent upon completion of a specific milestone and fees associated with certain distribution services are also excluded as the fees are considered variable and not included in the transaction price at August 31, 2022.
We recognized $35.2 million and $76.2 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $77.9 million and $49.4 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of revenues related to performance obligations satisfied (or partially satisfied) in previous periods, mainly due to resolving uncertainties in variable consideration that was constrained in prior periods. In addition, we recognized $9.2 million and $7.9 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $19.3 million and $16.4 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, of revenues primarily associated with distribution services, a portion of which relates to prior periods.
Contract Balances
The timing of our revenue recognition may differ from the timing of payment by customers. We record a receivable when revenue is recognized prior to payment and we have an unconditional right to payment, and we record a contract asset when we have transferred goods, services or assets to a customer, but payment is contingent upon additional performance obligations. Alternatively, when payment precedes the provision of the related services, we record deferred revenue until the performance obligations are satisfied.
We had receivables related to revenues from contracts with customers of $252.7 million and $298.7 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, and we had contract assets related to revenues from contracts with customers of $34.8 million and $25.2 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. We had no significant impairments related to these receivables or contract assets during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021.
Our deferred revenue primarily includes deferred revenue related to our real estate operations and retainer and milestone fees received in investment banking advisory engagements where the performance obligations have not yet been satisfied. Deferred revenues were $38.6 million and $49.7 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, which are recorded in Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. During the three months ended August 31, 2022, we recognized $9.1 million of deferred revenue from the balance at May 31, 2022. During the three months ended August 31, 2021, we recognized $8.0 million of deferred revenue from the balance at May 31, 2021. During the nine months ended August 31, 2022, we recognized $21.7 million of deferred revenue from the balance at November 30, 2021. During the nine months ended August 31, 2021, we recognized $10.0 million of deferred revenue from the balance at November 30, 2020.
Contract Costs
We capitalize costs to fulfill contracts associated with investment banking advisory engagements where the revenue is recognized at a point in time and the costs are determined to be recoverable. Capitalized costs to fulfill a contract are recognized at the point in time that the related revenue is recognized.
At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, capitalized costs to fulfill a contract were $2.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, which are recorded in Receivables in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. We recognized expenses of $1.0 million and $0.9 million during the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $1.6 million and $1.6 million during the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, related to costs to fulfill a contract that were capitalized as of the beginning of the period. There were no significant impairment charges recognized in relation to these capitalized costs during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021.
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Note 16. Income Taxes
The aggregate amount of gross unrecognized tax benefits related to uncertain tax positions was $468.9 million (including $112.8 million for interest) at August 31, 2022, of which $301.3 million related to Jefferies Group, and was $436.9 million (including $97.9 million for interest) at November 30, 2021, of which $273.2 million related to Jefferies Group. If recognized, such amounts would lower our effective tax rate. We recognize interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense.
The net deferred tax asset was $398.4 million and $327.5 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. The deferred tax asset is predominately attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases, the largest component of which relates to compensation and benefits. The deferred tax asset is included in Other assets in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
We are currently under examination by a number of taxing jurisdictions. Though we do not expect that resolution of these examinations will have a material effect on our consolidated financial position, they may have a material impact on our consolidated results of operations for the period in which resolution occurs.
The table below summarizes the earliest tax years that remain subject to examination in the major tax jurisdictions in which we operate:
| Jurisdiction | Tax Year | |||||||
| United States | 2019 | |||||||
| New York State | 2001 | |||||||
| New York City | 2006 | |||||||
| United Kingdom | 2020 | |||||||
| Hong Kong | 2016 | |||||||
| Germany | 2017 | |||||||
Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 was $219.9 million, representing an effective tax rate of 25.6%. Our provision for income taxes for the nine months ended August 31, 2021 was $484.8 million, representing an effective tax rate of 26.5%.
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Note 17. Common Share and Earnings Per Common Share
Basic and diluted earnings per share amounts were calculated by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. The numerators and denominators used to calculate basic and diluted earnings per share are as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Numerator for earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders | $ | 195,459 | $ | 407,459 | $ | 636,920 | $ | 1,342,490 | |||||||||||||||
| Allocation of earnings to participating securities (1) | (571) | (2,490) | (2,662) | (7,974) | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders for basic earnings per share | 194,888 | 404,969 | 634,258 | 1,334,516 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Adjustment to allocation of earnings to participating securities related to diluted shares (1) | 5 | 52 | 28 | 161 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred share dividends | 2,070 | 1,849 | 6,211 | 5,101 | |||||||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Jefferies Financial Group Inc. common shareholders for diluted earnings per share | $ | 196,963 | $ | 406,870 | $ | 640,497 | $ | 1,339,778 | |||||||||||||||
| Denominator for earnings per share: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding | 230,988 | 246,624 | 236,546 | 247,638 | |||||||||||||||||||
Weighted average shares of restricted stock outstanding with future service required | (710) | (1,602) | (1,075) | (1,561) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Weighted average RSUs outstanding with no future service required | 13,575 | 18,065 | 14,697 | 18,171 | |||||||||||||||||||
Denominator for basic earnings per share – weighted average shares | 243,853 | 263,087 | 250,168 | 264,248 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Stock options and other share based awards | 1,171 | 1,485 | 1,485 | 905 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Senior executive compensation plan RSUs awards | 1,774 | 2,392 | 1,989 | 2,152 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares | 4,441 | 4,441 | 4,441 | 4,441 | |||||||||||||||||||
Denominator for diluted earnings per share | 251,239 | 271,405 | 258,083 | 271,746 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Represents dividends declared during the period on participating securities plus an allocation of undistributed earnings to participating securities. Net losses are not allocated to participating securities. Participating securities represent restricted stock and RSUs for which requisite service has not yet been rendered and amounted to weighted average shares of 714,600 and 1,621,000 for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and 1,083,400 and 1,581,200 for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively. Dividends declared on participating securities were not material during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021. Undistributed earnings are allocated to participating securities based upon their right to share in earnings if all earnings for the period had been distributed.
Our Board of Directors from time to time has authorized the repurchase of our common shares. In January 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $87.5 million. In March 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $250.0 million. In June 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $250.0 million. During the first nine months of 2022, we purchased a total of 21,721,900 of our common shares for $738.6 million, or an average price of $34.00 per share, including 18,294,689 of our common shares in the open market for $616.3 million under our current Board of Director authorization, and 3,427,211 shares of our common stock for $122.2 million in connection with net-share settlements under our equity compensation plan. At August 31, 2022, we had $133.7 million remaining authorization of future repurchases. In September 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $145.9 million back to a total of $250.0 million.
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Note 18. Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees
Commitments
The following table summarizes commitments associated with certain business activities at August 31, 2022 (in millions):
| Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2023 | 2024 and 2025 | 2026 and 2027 | 2028 and Later | Maximum Payout | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity commitments (1) | $ | 359.5 | $ | 51.2 | $ | 2.4 | $ | 4.9 | $ | 131.1 | $ | 549.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loan commitments (1) | 4.0 | 267.5 | — | 78.9 | — | 350.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Underwriting commitments | 68.0 | — | — | — | — | 68.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward starting reverse repos (2) | 7,182.8 | — | — | — | — | 7,182.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Forward starting repos (2) | 3,104.7 | — | — | — | — | 3,104.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other unfunded commitments (1) | — | 176.5 | 278.0 | 0.2 | — | 454.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 10,719.0 | $ | 495.2 | $ | 280.4 | $ | 84.0 | $ | 131.1 | $ | 11,709.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)Equity commitments, loan commitments and other unfunded commitments are generally presented by contractual maturity date. The amounts are however mostly available on demand.
(2)At August 31, 2022, all of the forward starting securities purchased under agreements to resell and all except $44.1 million of the forward starting securities sold under agreements to repurchase settled within business days.
Equity Commitments. Equity commitments include a commitment to invest in Jefferies Group's joint venture, Jefferies Finance, and commitments to invest in private equity funds and in Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC, the manager of the private equity funds, which consists of a team led by our President and a Director. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group's outstanding commitments relating to Jefferies Capital Partners, LLC and its private equity funds were $10.7 million.
See Note 8 for additional information regarding Jefferies Group's investment in Jefferies Finance.
Additionally, at August 31, 2022, we had outstanding equity commitments to invest up to $69.7 million in the Oak Hill entities, $415.8 million to strategic affiliates and $37.5 million in various other investments. Subsequent to quarter-end, we no longer have the equity commitments to the Oak Hill entities, as a result of our sale of the Oak Hill interests on September 30, 2022. For further information on this sale, see Note 8.
Loan Commitments. From time to time we make commitments to extend credit to investment banking and other clients in loan syndication and acquisition finance, and to strategic affiliates. These commitments and any related drawdowns of these facilities typically have fixed maturity dates and are contingent on certain representations, warranties and contractual conditions applicable to the borrower. At August 31, 2022, we had $100.4 million of outstanding loan commitments to clients.
Loan commitments outstanding at August 31, 2022 also include Jefferies Group's portion of the outstanding secured revolving credit facility provided to Jefferies Finance to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance. At August 31, 2022, $0.0 million of Jefferies Group's $250.0 million commitment was funded.
Underwriting Commitments. In connection with investment banking activities, we may from time to time provide underwriting commitments to our clients in connection with capital raising transactions.
Forward Starting Reverse Repos and Repos. We enter into commitments to take possession of securities with agreements to resell on a forward starting basis and to sell securities with agreements to repurchase on a forward starting basis that are primarily secured by U.S. government and agency securities.
Other Unfunded Commitments. Other unfunded commitments include obligations in the form of revolving notes, warehouse financings and debt securities to provide financing to asset-backed and CLO vehicles. Upon advancing funds, drawn amounts are collateralized by the assets of an entity.
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Contingencies
In the third quarter of 2022, we accrued $80.0 million within Selling, general and other expenses in the Consolidated Statement of Operations in regards to a combined regulatory settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"). This regulatory settlement was within the context of an industry-wide regulatory investigation relating to record-keeping requirements in connection with personal-texting devices used for business communications.
We and our subsidiaries are parties to other legal and regulatory proceedings that are considered to be either ordinary, routine litigation incidental to their business or not significant to our consolidated financial position. We and our subsidiaries are also involved, from time to time, in other exams, investigations and similar reviews (both formal and informal) by governmental and self-regulatory agencies regarding our businesses, certain of which may result in judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other injunctions. We do not believe that any of these actions will have a significant adverse effect on our consolidated financial position or liquidity, but any amounts paid could be significant to results of operations for the period.
Guarantees
Derivative Contracts. Our dealer activities cause us to make markets and trade in a variety of derivative instruments. Certain derivative contracts that we have entered into meet the accounting definition of a guarantee under GAAP, including credit default swaps, written foreign currency options and written equity put options. On certain of these contracts, such as written interest rate caps and foreign currency options, the maximum payout cannot be quantified since the increase in interest or foreign exchange rates are not contractually limited by the terms of the contract. As such, we have disclosed notional values as a measure of our maximum potential payout under these contracts.
The following table summarizes the notional amounts associated with our derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee under GAAP as of August 31, 2022 (in millions):
| Expected Maturity Date (Fiscal Years) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Guarantee Type | 2022 | 2023 | 2024 and 2025 | 2026 and 2027 | 2028 and Later | Notional/ Maximum Payout | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Derivative contracts – non-credit related | $ | 6,346.3 | $ | 9,661.9 | $ | 13,329.4 | $ | 1,696.8 | $ | 107.0 | $ | 31,141.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Written derivative contracts – credit related | — | — | 0.2 | — | — | 0.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total derivative contracts | $ | 6,346.3 | $ | 9,661.9 | $ | 13,329.6 | $ | 1,696.8 | $ | 107.0 | $ | 31,141.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
The derivative contracts deemed to meet the definition of a guarantee under GAAP are before consideration of hedging transactions and only reflect a partial or "one-sided" component of any risk exposure. Written equity options and written credit default swaps are often executed in a strategy that is in tandem with long cash instruments (e.g., equity and debt securities). We substantially mitigate our exposure to market risk on these contracts through hedges, such as other derivative contracts and/or cash instruments, and we manage the risk associated with these contracts in the context of our overall risk management framework. We believe notional amounts overstate our expected payout and that fair value of these contracts is a more relevant measure of our obligations. At August 31, 2022, the fair value of derivative contracts meeting the definition of a guarantee is approximately $768.8 million.
Berkadia. We have agreed to reimburse Berkshire Hathaway for up to one-half of any losses incurred under a $1.5 billion surety policy securing outstanding commercial paper issued by an affiliate of Berkadia. At August 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of commercial paper outstanding was $1.47 billion.
HomeFed. For real estate development projects, HomeFed is generally required to obtain infrastructure improvement bonds at the beginning of construction work and warranty bonds upon completion of such improvements. These bonds are issued by surety companies to guarantee satisfactory completion of a project and provide funds primarily to a municipality in the event HomeFed is unable or unwilling to complete certain infrastructure improvements. As HomeFed develops the planned area and the municipality accepts the improvements, the bonds are released. Should the respective municipality or others draw on the bonds for any reason, certain of HomeFed's subsidiaries would be obligated to pay. At August 31, 2022, the aggregate amount of infrastructure improvement bonds outstanding was $69.8 million.
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Other Guarantees. We are members of various exchanges and clearing houses. In the normal course of business, we provide guarantees to securities clearing houses and exchanges. These guarantees generally are required under the standard membership agreements, such that members are required to guarantee the performance of other members. Additionally, if a member becomes unable to satisfy its obligations to the clearing house, other members would be required to meet these shortfalls. To mitigate these performance risks, the exchanges and clearing houses often require members to post collateral. Our obligations under such guarantees could exceed the collateral amounts posted. Our maximum potential liability under these arrangements cannot be quantified; however, the potential for us to be required to make payments under such guarantees is deemed remote. Accordingly, no liability has been recognized for these arrangements. Additionally, we provide certain indemnifications in connection with third-party clearing and execution arrangements whereby a third-party may clear and settle transactions on behalf of our clients. These indemnifications generally have standard contractual terms and are entered into in the ordinary course of business. Our obligations in respect of such transactions are secured by the assets in our client's account, as well as any proceeds received from the transactions cleared and settled on behalf of our client. However, we believe that it is unlikely we would have to make any material payments under these arrangements and no material liabilities related to these indemnifications have been recognized.
Standby Letters of Credit. At August 31, 2022, we provided guarantees to certain counterparties in the form of standby letters of credit totaling $13.7 million. Standby letters of credit commit us to make payment to the beneficiary if the guaranteed party fails to fulfill its obligation under a contractual arrangement with that beneficiary. Since commitments associated with these collateral instruments may expire unused, the amount shown does not necessarily reflect the actual future cash funding requirement. Primarily all letters of credit expire within one year.
Note 19. Net Capital Requirements
Jefferies LLC operates as a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). Jefferies LLC is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule ("Rule 15c3-1"), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant ("FCM"), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the CFTC, which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17. FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the National Futures Association ("NFA") is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. ("JFSI"), a registered swap dealer, is subject to the CFTC's regulatory capital requirements and holds regulatory capital in excess of the minimum regulatory requirement. Additionally, JFSI is registered as a security-based swap dealer with the SEC and is subject to the SEC's security-based swap dealer regulatory rules. Further, JFSI is registered with the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer, and is subject to compliance with the SEC's net capital requirements. As a security-based swap dealer and swap dealer, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, CFTC and the NFA, as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.
Jefferies LLC's net capital and excess net capital at August 31, 2022 were $1.17 billion and $1.07 billion, respectively. JFSI's net capital and excess net capital at August 31, 2022 were $321.2 million and $301.2 million, respectively.
Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries of Jefferies Group are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited, which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the United Kingdom.
The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict our ability to withdraw capital from Jefferies Group's regulated subsidiaries. Some of our other consolidated subsidiaries also have credit agreements which may restrict the payment of cash dividends, or the ability to make loans or advances to the parent company.
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Note 20. Other Fair Value Information
The carrying amounts and estimated fair values of our principal financial instruments that are not recognized at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Carrying Amount | Fair Value | Carrying Amount | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Notes and loans receivable (1) | $ | 887,754 | $ | 929,449 | $ | 835,009 | $ | 866,163 | |||||||||||||||
| Financial Liabilities: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Short-term borrowings (2) | $ | 564,239 | $ | 564,239 | $ | 221,863 | $ | 221,863 | |||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt (3) | 7,118,056 | 6,887,258 | 7,282,147 | 8,004,211 | |||||||||||||||||||
(1)Notes and loans receivable: The fair values are estimated principally based on a discounted future cash flows model using market interest rates for similar instruments. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
(2)Short-term borrowings: The fair values of short-term borrowings carried at cost are estimated to be the carrying amount due to their short maturities. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
(3)Long-term debt: The fair values are estimated using quoted prices, pricing information obtained from external data providers and, for certain variable rate debt, is estimated to be the carrying amount. If measured at fair value in the financial statements, these financial instruments would be classified as Level 2 and Level 3 in the fair value hierarchy.
Note 21. Related Party Transactions
Jefferies Capital Partners Related Funds. Jefferies Group has equity investments in the JCP Manager and in private equity funds (including JCP Fund V), which are managed by a team led by our President and a Director ("Private Equity Related Funds"). Reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021 are Jefferies Group's equity investments in Private Equity Related Funds of $29.6 million and $27.1 million, respectively. Net gains from Jefferies Group's investment in JCP Fund V aggregating $1.7 million and $4.2 million for the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $4.9 million and $8.7 million for the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, respectively, were recorded in Principal transactions revenues. Gains (losses) for other funds were not material. For further information regarding our commitments and funded amounts to the Private Equity Related Funds, see Notes 7 and 18.
Special Purpose Acquisition Companies. Jefferies Group earned investment banking revenues during the three and nine months ended August 31, 2021 of $21.4 million and $45.5 million, respectively, for services provided to special purpose acquisition companies we have co-sponsored.
Berkadia Commercial Mortgage, LLC. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, Jefferies Group has commitments to purchase $293.4 million and $425.6 million, respectively, in agency commercial mortgage-backed securities from Berkadia.
Asset Management Investments. Through Jefferies Group, we have an investment management agreement whereby Monashee provides asset management services to us for certain separately managed accounts. Our net investment balance in the separately managed accounts was $16.3 million and $13.6 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
We own limited partnership interests in certain Oak Hill managed funds of $3.9 million and $6.0 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, which are measured at the NAV of the funds and included within Financial instruments owned, at fair value, in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
FXCM. Jefferies Group entered into a foreign exchange prime brokerage agreement with FXCM in 2017. In connection with the foreign exchange contracts entered into under this agreement, Jefferies Group had $0.6 million and $0.7 million at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, included in Payables, expense accruals and other liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition.
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Officers, Directors and Employees. We had $18.6 million and $23.1 million of loans outstanding to certain non-executive officers and employees at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively.
Receivables from and payables to customers include balances arising from officers', directors' and employees' individual security transactions. These transactions are subject to the same regulations as all customer transactions and are provided on substantially the same terms.
Note 22. Segment Information
We are engaged in investment banking and capital markets, and asset management. We also own a legacy portfolio of businesses and investments that we historically denominated as our "Merchant Banking" business.
On December 1, 2021, we made a $477 million contribution of net assets, including both Merchant Banking and Asset Management investments, to Jefferies Group. The transferred Merchant Banking investments are now being managed by a different management team, while the Asset Management investments continue to be managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management who oversee all asset management activities across the Company. As a result, we transferred $194 million of net assets out of our Merchant Banking segment: $139 million of these net assets, including $48 million of net assets relating to Foursight, were transferred into our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment; the remaining $55 million of net assets transferred are now managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management and are included in our Asset Management segment. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current segment reporting.
The Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment includes investment banking, capital markets and other related services. Investment banking provides underwriting and financial advisory services to clients across most industry sectors in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. Capital markets businesses operate across the spectrum of equities and fixed income products.
Within Asset Management, we manage, invest in and provide services to a diverse group of alternative asset management platforms across a spectrum of investment strategies and asset classes. Asset Management offers institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies through its affiliated managers.
Our Merchant Banking reportable segment consists of our various merchant banking businesses and investments, primarily including OpNet, Vitesse Energy and JETX Energy, real estate, Idaho Timber (prior to its sale in August 2022) and FXCM.
Corporate assets primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents. Corporate revenues primarily include interest income.
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Certain information concerning our segments is presented in the following tables (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable Segments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | $ | 1,134,732 | $ | 1,672,943 | $ | 3,714,928 | $ | 5,259,301 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | (13,803) | 13,327 | 77,300 | 293,204 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Merchant Banking | 397,847 | 248,690 | 825,637 | 812,509 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | 6,192 | 955 | 8,756 | 2,269 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total net revenues related to reportable segments | 1,524,968 | 1,935,915 | 4,626,621 | 6,367,283 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items - Consolidation adjustments | (78) | 3,069 | (734) | 9,150 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated revenues | $ | 1,524,890 | $ | 1,938,984 | $ | 4,625,887 | $ | 6,376,433 | |||||||||||||||
Income (loss) before income taxes: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable Segments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | $ | 166,777 | $ | 597,373 | $ | 775,725 | $ | 1,588,619 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | (43,633) | (17,895) | (26,651) | 173,185 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Merchant Banking | 201,129 | (4,745) | 173,094 | 141,905 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | (13,426) | (10,450) | (35,316) | (43,026) | |||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes related to reportable segments | 310,847 | 564,283 | 886,852 | 1,860,683 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items - Parent Company interest | (8,997) | (13,774) | (25,773) | (41,505) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items - Consolidation adjustments | — | 3,107 | (356) | 9,362 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated income before income taxes | $ | 301,850 | $ | 553,616 | $ | 860,723 | $ | 1,828,540 | |||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable Segments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | $ | 23,366 | $ | 21,065 | $ | 69,687 | $ | 62,580 | |||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | 401 | 494 | 1,230 | 1,462 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Merchant Banking | 18,997 | 16,554 | 57,248 | 50,536 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | 423 | 564 | 1,266 | 2,306 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated depreciation and amortization expenses | $ | 43,187 | $ | 38,677 | $ | 129,431 | $ | 116,884 | |||||||||||||||
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| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable Assets Employed: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reportable Segments: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | $ | 48,213,613 | $ | 52,903,374 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Management | 3,028,847 | 3,205,799 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Merchant Banking | 2,194,617 | 2,263,050 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate | 1,941,062 | 2,432,927 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Identifiable assets related to reportable segments | 55,378,139 | 60,805,150 | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Reconciling items - Consolidation adjustments | (148,328) | (401,040) | |||||||||||||||||||||
| Total consolidated assets | $ | 55,229,811 | $ | 60,404,110 | |||||||||||||||||||
Interest expense classified as a component of Net revenues relates to Jefferies Group. For the three months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense classified as a component of Expenses was primarily comprised of parent company interest ($9.0 million and $13.8 million, respectively) and Merchant Banking ($1.2 million and $0.8 million, respectively). For the nine months ended August 31, 2022 and 2021, interest expense classified as a component of Expenses was primarily comprised of parent company interest ($25.8 million and $41.5 million, respectively) and Merchant Banking ($2.8 million and $2.5 million, respectively). Additionally, for the three and nine months ended August 31, 2021, interest expense classified as a component of Expenses in the Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment includes $5.0 million and $15.8 million, respectively, related to Foursight.
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Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. | ||||
Statements included in this report may contain forward-looking statements. See "Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information" below. The following should be read in conjunction with the Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Risk Factors and the description of our businesses included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended November 30, 2021 (the "2021 10-K").
Results of Operations
We are engaged in investment banking and capital markets and asset management, and own a legacy portfolio of businesses and investments that we have historically denominated as our "Merchant Banking" business. On December 1, 2021, we made a $477 million contribution of net assets, including both Merchant Banking and Asset Management investments, to Jefferies Group. The transferred Merchant Banking investments are now being managed by a different management team, while the Asset Management investments continue to be managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management who oversee all asset management activities across the Company. As a result, we transferred $194 million of net assets out of our Merchant Banking segment: $139 million of these net assets, including $48 million of net assets relating to Foursight Capital LLC ("Foursight"), were transferred into our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment; the remaining $55 million of net assets transferred are now managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management and are included in our Asset Management segment. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current segment reporting. The following tables present a summary of our financial results.
A summary of results of operations for the third quarter of 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Parent Company Interest | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,134,732 | $ | (13,803) | $ | 397,847 | $ | 6,192 | $ | — | $ | (78) | $ | 1,524,890 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | — | — | 123,436 | — | — | — | 123,436 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 521,214 | 12,808 | 10,584 | 13,856 | — | — | 558,462 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 79,727 | 4,959 | — | — | — | — | 84,686 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 343,648 | 11,662 | 37,651 | 5,339 | — | (78) | 398,222 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | 1,223 | — | 8,997 | — | 10,220 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 23,366 | 401 | 18,997 | 423 | — | — | 43,187 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 446,741 | 17,022 | 57,871 | 5,762 | 8,997 | (78) | 536,315 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 967,955 | 29,830 | 191,891 | 19,618 | 8,997 | (78) | 1,218,213 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 166,777 | (43,633) | 205,956 | (13,426) | (8,997) | — | 306,677 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | — | — | (4,827) | — | — | — | (4,827) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 166,777 | $ | (43,633) | $ | 201,129 | $ | (13,426) | $ | (8,997) | $ | — | 301,850 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | 105,909 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 195,941 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
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A summary of results of operations for the first nine months of 2022 is as follows (in thousands):
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Parent Company Interest | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 3,714,928 | $ | 77,300 | $ | 825,637 | $ | 8,756 | $ | — | $ | (734) | $ | 4,625,887 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | — | — | 349,556 | — | — | — | 349,556 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 1,768,350 | 43,560 | 89,226 | 25,487 | — | — | 1,926,623 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 237,140 | 25,523 | — | — | — | — | 262,663 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 864,026 | 33,638 | 97,155 | 17,319 | — | (378) | 1,011,760 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | — | 2,846 | — | 25,773 | — | 28,619 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 69,687 | 1,230 | 57,248 | 1,266 | — | — | 129,431 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 1,170,853 | 60,391 | 157,249 | 18,585 | 25,773 | (378) | 1,432,473 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 2,939,203 | 103,951 | 596,031 | 44,072 | 25,773 | (378) | 3,708,652 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 775,725 | (26,651) | 229,606 | (35,316) | (25,773) | (356) | 917,235 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | — | — | (56,512) | — | — | — | (56,512) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 775,725 | $ | (26,651) | $ | 173,094 | $ | (35,316) | $ | (25,773) | $ | (356) | 860,723 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | 219,949 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 640,774 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
A summary of results of operations for the third quarter of 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Parent Company Interest | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,672,943 | $ | 13,327 | $ | 248,690 | $ | 955 | $ | — | $ | 3,069 | $ | 1,938,984 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | — | — | 151,510 | — | — | — | 151,510 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 762,725 | 15,468 | 17,584 | 6,466 | — | — | 802,243 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 64,441 | 4,541 | — | — | — | — | 68,982 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 222,357 | 10,719 | 39,849 | 4,375 | — | (38) | 277,262 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense (1) | 4,982 | — | 762 | — | 13,774 | — | 19,518 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 21,065 | 494 | 16,554 | 564 | — | — | 38,677 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 312,845 | 15,754 | 57,165 | 4,939 | 13,774 | (38) | 404,439 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 1,075,570 | 31,222 | 226,259 | 11,405 | 13,774 | (38) | 1,358,192 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 597,373 | (17,895) | 22,431 | (10,450) | (13,774) | 3,107 | 580,792 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | — | — | (27,176) | — | — | — | (27,176) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 597,373 | $ | (17,895) | $ | (4,745) | $ | (10,450) | $ | (13,774) | $ | 3,107 | 553,616 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | 145,700 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 407,916 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Interest expense within Investment Banking and Capital Markets relates to Foursight for the third quarter of 2021.
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A summary of results for the first nine months of 2021 is as follows (in thousands):
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Parent Company Interest | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 5,259,301 | $ | 293,204 | $ | 812,509 | $ | 2,269 | $ | — | $ | 9,150 | $ | 6,376,433 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | — | — | 390,916 | — | — | — | 390,916 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 2,650,704 | 59,924 | 66,365 | 29,035 | — | — | 2,806,028 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 197,226 | 24,982 | — | — | — | — | 222,208 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 744,366 | 33,651 | 99,000 | 13,954 | — | (212) | 890,759 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense (1) | 15,806 | — | 2,517 | — | 41,505 | — | 59,828 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 62,580 | 1,462 | 50,536 | 2,306 | — | — | 116,884 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 1,019,978 | 60,095 | 152,053 | 16,260 | 41,505 | (212) | 1,289,679 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 3,670,682 | 120,019 | 609,334 | 45,295 | 41,505 | (212) | 4,486,623 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 1,588,619 | 173,185 | 203,175 | (43,026) | (41,505) | 9,362 | 1,889,810 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | — | — | (61,270) | — | — | — | (61,270) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 1,588,619 | $ | 173,185 | $ | 141,905 | $ | (43,026) | $ | (41,505) | $ | 9,362 | 1,828,540 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Income tax provision | 484,756 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Net income | $ | 1,343,784 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Interest expense within Investment Banking and Capital Markets relates to Foursight for the first nine months of 2021.
The composition of our financial results has varied over time and we expect will continue to evolve. Our strategy is designed to transform Jefferies into a pure financial services firm and, as such, we are focused on the development of our Investment Banking and Capital Markets, and Asset Management segments, while we continue to realize the value of or otherwise transform our investments in Merchant Banking. The following factors and events should be considered in evaluating our financial results as they impact comparisons:
Our financial results for the third quarter of 2022 were impacted by:
•Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues of $1.13 billion:
◦Investment Banking net revenues of $681.8 million, including advisory net revenues of $486.8 million, equity underwriting net revenues of $151.0 million and debt underwriting net revenues of $76.9 million;
◦Combined Capital Markets net revenues of $452.1 million, including equities net revenues of $277.4 million and fixed income net revenues of $174.6 million;
•Asset Management net revenues were a loss (before allocated net interest) of $2.6 million;
•Pre-tax income of $201.1 million related to our Merchant Banking businesses reflecting:
◦Pre-tax gain on sale of Idaho Timber of $139.0 million;
◦Strong results at Vitesse Energy, LLC ("Vitesse Energy");
◦Mark-to-market declines in the value of several of our investments in public companies; and
•$80.0 million combined regulatory settlement with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the U.S. Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC").
Our financial results for the first nine months of 2022 were impacted by:
•Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues of $3.71 billion:
◦Investment Banking net revenues of $2.37 billion, including advisory net revenues of $1.40 billion, equity underwriting net revenues of $429.5 million and debt underwriting net revenues of $429.1 million;
◦Combined Capital Markets net revenues of $1.35 billion, including equities net revenues of $809.3 million and fixed income net revenues of $538.9 million;
•Asset Management revenues (before allocated net interest) of $116.2 million;
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•Pre-tax income of $173.1 million related to our Merchant Banking businesses reflecting:
◦Pre-tax gain on sale of Idaho Timber of $139.0 million;
◦Strong results at Vitesse Energy;
◦Mark-to-market declines in the value of several of our investments in public companies; and
•$80.0 million combined regulatory settlement with the SEC and CFTC.
Our financial results for the third quarter of 2021 were impacted by:
•Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues of $1.67 billion:
◦Investment banking net revenues of $1.22 billion, including advisory net revenues of $583.9 million, equity underwriting net revenues of $367.5 million and debt underwriting net revenues of $229.3 million;
◦Combined capital markets net revenues of $442.3 million, including equities net revenues of $236.5 million and fixed income net revenues of $205.8 million;
•Asset Management revenues (before allocated net interest) of $24.5 million; and
•Pre-tax loss of $4.7 million related to our Merchant Banking businesses reflecting:
◦Normalization of the results from Idaho Timber, as well as charges to adjust its inventory carrying value to substantially lower lumber prices.
Our financial results for the first nine months of 2021 were impacted by:
•Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues of $5.26 billion:
◦Investment banking net revenues of $3.39 billion, including advisory net revenues of $1.29 billion, equity underwriting net revenues of $1.19 billion and debt underwriting net revenues of $712.4 million;
◦Combined capital markets net revenues of $1.84 billion, including equities net revenues of $1.01 billion and fixed income net revenues of $826.4 million;
•Asset Management revenues (before allocated net interest) of $326.2 million; and
•Pre-tax income of $141.9 million related to our Merchant Banking businesses reflecting:
◦Strong results from Idaho Timber for the first six months of the nine month period; and
◦Mark-to-market increases in the value of several of our investments in public and private companies.
Investment Banking and Capital Markets
A summary of results of operations for our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment is as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 1,134,732 | $ | 1,672,943 | $ | 3,714,928 | $ | 5,259,301 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 521,214 | 762,725 | 1,768,350 | 2,650,704 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 79,727 | 64,441 | 237,140 | 197,226 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 343,648 | 222,357 | 864,026 | 744,366 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | — | 4,982 | — | 15,806 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 23,366 | 21,065 | 69,687 | 62,580 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 446,741 | 312,845 | 1,170,853 | 1,019,978 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 967,955 | 1,075,570 | 2,939,203 | 3,670,682 | |||||||||||||||||||
Income before income taxes | $ | 166,777 | $ | 597,373 | $ | 775,725 | $ | 1,588,619 | |||||||||||||||
Our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment comprises many business units, with many interactions and much integration among them. Business activities include the sales, trading, origination and advisory effort for various equity, fixed income, commodities, foreign exchange and advisory services. Our results in any given period can be materially affected by conditions in global financial markets, economic conditions generally, and our own activities and positions.
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Revenues by Source
Net revenues presented for our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment include allocations of interest income and interest expense as we assess the profitability of these businesses inclusive of the net interest revenue or expense associated with the respective activities, including the net interest cost of allocated long-term debt, which is a function of the mix of each business's associated assets and liabilities and the related funding costs. We changed the presentation of our "Revenues by Source" to present Jefferies Group's share of the net earnings of Berkadia Commercial Mortgage Holding LLC ("Berkadia") within Other investment banking net revenues, which was previously presented within the Other business category. We believe that this change to our revenue reporting better aligns with management's current view of our business activities related to commercial real estate investment banking and management reporting. Previously reported results are presented on a comparable basis.
The following provides a summary of net revenues by source (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Advisory | $ | 486,762 | $ | 583,887 | $ | 1,402,291 | $ | 1,285,834 | |||||||||||||||
Equity underwriting | 150,972 | 367,460 | 429,507 | 1,186,728 | |||||||||||||||||||
Debt underwriting | 76,943 | 229,273 | 429,142 | 712,370 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total underwriting | 227,915 | 596,733 | 858,649 | 1,899,098 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other investment banking | (32,877) | 42,997 | 111,003 | 208,480 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total investment banking | 681,800 | 1,223,617 | 2,371,943 | 3,393,412 | |||||||||||||||||||
Equities | 277,448 | 236,532 | 809,302 | 1,010,497 | |||||||||||||||||||
Fixed income | 174,618 | 205,795 | 538,896 | 826,351 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total capital markets | 452,066 | 442,327 | 1,348,198 | 1,836,848 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 866 | 6,999 | (5,213) | 29,041 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Investment Banking and Capital Markets (1) | $ | 1,134,732 | $ | 1,672,943 | $ | 3,714,928 | $ | 5,259,301 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Allocated net interest is not separately disaggregated in presenting our Investment Banking and Capital Markets reportable segment within our Net Revenues by Source. This presentation is aligned to our Investment Banking and Capital Markets internal performance measurement.
Investment Banking Revenues
Investment banking is comprised of revenues from:
• Advisory services with respect to mergers/acquisitions, restructurings/recapitalizations and private capital advisory transactions;
• Underwriting services, which include underwriting and placement services related to corporate debt, municipal bonds, mortgage-backed and asset-backed securities, and equity and equity-linked securities and loan syndication;
• Our 50% share of net earnings from Jefferies Group's corporate lending joint venture, Jefferies Finance LLC ("Jefferies Finance");
• Our 45% share of net earnings from Jefferies Group's commercial real estate joint venture, Berkadia;
• The revenues of Foursight, Jefferies Group's wholly-owned subsidiary engaged in the lending and servicing of automobile loans; and
• Securities and loans received or acquired in connection with our investment banking activities.
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The following table sets forth our investment banking activities (dollars in billions):
| Deals Completed | Aggregate Value | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Advisory transactions | 98 | 88 | 294 | 217 | $ | 94.8 | $ | 118.3 | $ | 278.9 | $ | 271.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public and private equity and convertible offerings | 40 | 96 | 124 | 316 | $ | 8.7 | $ | 26.2 | $ | 28.9 | $ | 107.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Public and private debt financings | 198 | 240 | 518 | 604 | $ | 41.0 | $ | 93.4 | $ | 191.4 | $ | 276.0 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Investment banking revenues for the third quarter of 2022 were $681.8 million, compared with $1.22 billion for the third quarter of 2021, primarily due to lower underwriting net revenues, consistent with the reduction in industry-wide deal activity due to a challenging market environment.
Our advisory revenues were $486.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, modestly down 16.6% compared to the prior year comparable quarter, with activity in the global mergers and acquisitions markets remaining strong, as we benefit from market share gains as we continue to support our clients through this volatile time.
Total underwriting revenues for the third quarter of 2022 were $227.9 million, a decrease of 61.8%, from $596.7 million in the prior year comparable quarter, reflecting lower net revenues of $151.0 million in equity underwriting and lower net revenues of $76.9 million in debt underwriting. The decline in our debt and equity underwriting net revenues are consistent with a general slowdown in new issuance as a result of uncertain economic and market conditions due to inflation, rising interest rates and market volatility.
Other investment banking net revenues were a loss of $32.9 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared with net revenues of $43.0 million for the third quarter of 2021. Other investment banking revenues during third quarter of 2022 include an increase in our share of the net income of Berkadia compared with the prior year comparable quarter, primarily due to increased mortgage originations. This was offset in the current quarter by our share of the net loss of our Jefferies Finance joint venture reflecting reduced market activity and higher reserves recorded on its loan portfolio and outstanding commitments due to company-specific developments and difficult conditions in the leveraged finance market.
Our investment banking backlog is consistent with last quarter's levels, but execution remains dependent on market conditions. As an indicator of net revenues in a given future period, backlog is subject to limitations. The time frame for the realization of revenues from these expected transactions varies and is influenced by factors we do not control. Transactions not included in our backlog may be completed, and expected transactions may be modified, delayed or cancelled.
Investment banking revenues for the first nine months of 2022 were $2.37 billion, compared with a record $3.39 billion for the first nine months of 2021, reflecting record revenues in mergers and acquisitions, offset by lower revenues in debt and equity underwriting.
Our advisory revenues were a record of $1.40 billion for the first nine months of 2022, up $116.5 million, or 9.1%, compared to the prior year comparable period, as activity in the mergers and acquisitions markets remained strong and the number of our completed transactions continued to increase, especially in the first quarter of the current year period.
Total underwriting revenues for the first nine months of 2022 were $858.6 million, a decrease of 54.8%, from a record $1.90 billion in the prior year comparable period, reflecting lower net revenues of $429.5 million in equity underwriting and $429.1 million in debt underwriting. The decline in our debt and equity underwriting net revenues was consistent with the substantial reduction in industry-wide deal activity, including a slowdown in Special Purpose Acquisition Companies ("SPACs") transactions as compared with the prior year comparable period. The current year period was impacted by the challenging equity and debt markets, while the prior year comparable period results benefited as clients took advantage of the strong equity environment to raise equity capital and as companies took advantage of the low rate environment to access the debt capital markets with high levels of activity in the leveraged loan new issuance markets and record levels of high yield bond refinancing activity.
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Other investment banking net revenues were $111.0 million for the first nine months of 2022, compared with net revenues $208.5 million for the first nine months of 2021. Other investment banking revenues during the first nine months of 2022 include an increase in our share of the net income of Berkadia compared with the prior year comparable period, primarily due to increased mortgage originations, and mark-to-market gains of $30.7 million related to certain investments. This was offset by our share of the net loss of our Jefferies Finance joint venture in the current year period, reflecting reduced market activity and higher reserves recorded on its loan portfolio and outstanding commitments due to company-specific developments and difficult conditions in the leveraged finance market compared with net earnings in the prior year comparable period.
Equities Net Revenues
Equities are comprised of net revenues from:
•Services provided to our clients from which we earn commissions or spread revenue by executing, settling and clearing transactions for clients;
•Advisory services offered to clients;
•Financing, securities lending and other prime brokerage services offered to clients, including capital introductions and outsourced trading; and
•Wealth management services.
Total equities net revenues were $277.4 million for the third quarter of 2022, higher than the $236.5 million recorded for the third quarter of 2021. This quarter's revenues benefited from higher commissions and trading revenues, as our business continues to expand within the context of a more normalized trading environment.
Results in our U.S. cash equities business reflected higher trading revenues, compared to mark-to-market losses from SPAC-related activity in the prior year comparable quarter. Our electronic trading and prime brokerage businesses had increased revenues, reflecting increased client trading volumes driving strong commission revenues and continued growth and momentum in our outsourced trading business. Additionally, the global equities business recognized losses on certain block positions in the prior year comparable quarter that were not repeated in the current year quarter.
The increase in our equities net revenues was offset by lower revenues in our equity derivatives business, primarily driven by reduced volatility and lower trading volumes driving a challenging market environment.
Total equities net revenues were $809.3 million for the first nine months of 2022, compared with $1.01 billion for the first nine months of 2021, as our first six months of this year's results were impacted by challenging market conditions for equity trading, as well as significantly reduced SPAC-related activity, partially offset by market share gains and ongoing momentum in our client franchise. This compares to all-time record results in predominately all our equities businesses and across each of our regions during the first nine months of 2021.
Results in our global cash equities business were lower across regions driven by lower trading revenues versus record results globally and across each region on strong market volumes in the prior year comparable period. The prior year comparable period also benefited from trading opportunities related to SPACs. Our global convertibles business also had lower revenues, primarily driven by weaker equity markets and widening credit spreads compared to a strong issuance market in the prior year comparable period and our equity derivatives business results declined as a difficult and challenging trading environment put pressure on trading activity during the current year period.
The lower results were offset by record nine months results in our electronic trading and prime brokerage businesses, reflecting increased client trading volumes driving strong commission revenues and by continued growth and momentum in our outsourced trading business. Additionally, the global equities business recognized losses on certain block positions in the prior year comparable period that were not repeated in the current year period.
Fixed Income Net Revenues
Fixed income is comprised of net revenues from:
•Executing transactions for clients and making markets in securitized products, investment grade, high yield, distressed, emerging markets, municipal and sovereign securities and bank loans, as well as foreign exchange execution on behalf of clients;
•Interest rate derivatives and credit derivatives; and
•Financing services offered to clients.
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Fixed income net revenues totaled $174.6 million for the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of 15.1% from net revenues of $205.8 million for the third quarter of 2021, primarily reflecting mark-to-market losses on certain mortgage inventory positions and a slowdown in securitized markets.
Results in certain U.S. securitized markets group products were significantly impacted by high levels of volatility, widening spreads and uncertainty in respect of increased inflation and interest rates concerns, leading to mark-to-market losses on these products and a significant decline in demand for securitized products.
Our results reflect higher revenues in our emerging markets, municipal securities, and portfolio and electronic execution businesses due to growth and an increase in trading opportunities, as increased volatility due to geopolitical concerns drove an increase in trading volumes during the current year quarter. This was offset by results across our distressed credit trading business that were lower on a slowdown in trading opportunities.
Fixed income net revenues totaled $538.9 million for the first nine months of 2022, a decrease of 34.8% from net revenues of $826.4 million for the first nine months of 2021, primarily due to reduced client activity across most products, mark-to-market losses on certain mortgage inventory positions and a slowdown in securitized markets resulting in fewer trading opportunities. The prior year comparable period results were reflective of particularly strong client activity and robust trading activity.
Results in certain U.S. securitized markets group products were significantly impacted by high levels of volatility, widening spreads and uncertainty in respect of increased inflation and interest rate concerns, leading to mark-to-market losses on these products and a significant decline in demand for securitized products.
We achieved higher revenues in our emerging markets and portfolio and electronic execution businesses, primarily in the second half of the current year period, as increased volatility due to geopolitical concerns drove an increase in trading volumes and as a result of growth in certain of these businesses. This was offset by results across most of our credit franchise businesses that were lower on a slowdown in trading opportunities as compared to the prior year comparable period that reflected robust revenues across regions and products.
Other
Other is comprised of revenues from:
•Principal investments in private equity and hedge funds managed by third-parties, which are not part of our asset management platform and other strategic investment positions; and
• Investments held as part of employee benefit plans, including deferred compensation plans (for which we incur an equal and offsetting amount of compensation expenses).
Our other net revenues were $0.9 million for the third quarter of 2022, a decrease of $6.1 million compared with net revenues of $7.0 million for the third quarter of 2021. Our other net revenues were a loss of $5.2 million for the first nine months of 2022, a decrease of $34.2 million compared with net revenues of $29.0 million for the first nine months of 2021.
Compensation and Benefits
Compensation and benefits expense consists of salaries, benefits, commissions, annual cash compensation and share-based awards and the amortization of share-based and cash compensation awards to employees. Cash and share-based awards and a portion of cash awards granted to employees as part of year end compensation generally contain provisions such that employees who terminate their employment or are terminated without cause may continue to vest in their awards, so long as those awards are not forfeited as a result of other forfeiture provisions (primarily non-compete clauses) of those awards. Accordingly, the compensation expense for a such awards granted at year end as part of annual compensation is recorded during the year of the award. Compensation and benefits expense also includes amortization expense related to awards granted where vesting is contingent on future service. In addition, the share-based awards to our Chief Executive Officer and President contain market and performance conditions and the awards are amortized over their service periods.
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The following table provides a summary of compensation and benefits expense (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation expense without future service requirements | $ | 481,406 | $ | 712,699 | $ | 1,650,475 | $ | 2,506,396 | |||||||||||||||
| Amortization of share-based and cash-based awards | 39,808 | 50,026 | 117,875 | 144,308 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total Compensation and benefits expense | $ | 521,214 | $ | 762,725 | $ | 1,768,350 | $ | 2,650,704 | |||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits expense as a percentage of Net revenues | 45.9 | % | 45.6 | % | 47.6 | % | 50.4 | % | |||||||||||||||
A significant portion of compensation expense is highly variable with net revenues. Compensation and benefits expense decreased, consistent with the decrease in net revenues. Amortization of share-based and cash-based awards decreased in the third quarter of 2022 and first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same periods in 2021 as a result of the accelerated amortization recognized in the year ended November 30, 2021 of certain cash-based awards that had been granted during previous years, which were amended to remove any service requirements for vesting in the awards.
Non-Compensation Expenses
Non-compensation expenses include floor brokerage and clearing fees, underwriting costs, technology and communications expense, occupancy and equipment rental expense, business development, professional services, bad debt provision, impairment charges, depreciation and amortization expense and other costs. All of these expenses, other than floor brokerage and clearing fees, and depreciation and amortization expense, are included in Selling, general and other expenses in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
Non-compensation expenses were $446.7 million for the third quarter of 2022, an increase of $133.9 million, compared with $312.8 million in the third quarter of 2021. Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues were 39.4% and 18.7% for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The higher expenses in the current year quarter were principally due to an $80.0 million combined regulatory settlement with the SEC and CFTC. The increase in non-compensation expenses also included higher business development expenses as business travel, conferences and other events increased from the prior year comparable quarter which was substantially curtailed due to COVID-19, higher Floor brokerage and clearing fees, commensurate with higher equity commission revenues and higher technology and communication expenses related to the development of various trading and management systems and increased market data costs. This increase was partially offset by lower underwriting costs due to a decrease in the volume of equity and debt underwriting transactions.
Non-compensation expenses were $1.17 billion for the first nine months of 2022, an increase of $150.9 million, compared with $1.02 billion in the first nine months of 2021. Non-compensation expenses as a percentage of Investment Banking and Capital Markets net revenues were 31.5% and 19.4% for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.
The higher expenses in the current year period were principally due to an $80.0 million combined regulatory settlement with the SEC and CFTC, as well as our charitable donations of $13.5 million from our Ukrainian Doing Good Global Trading Day. Other expenses in the prior year comparable period included bad debt expenses related to our prime brokerage business and charitable donations of $13.2 million to approximately 175 accredited charities. The increase in non-compensation expenses also included higher business development expenses as business travel, conferences and other events increased from the prior year comparable period which was substantially curtailed due to COVID-19, higher Floor brokerage and clearing fees, commensurate with strong equity commission revenues and higher technology and communication expenses related to the development of various trading and management systems and increased market data costs. This increase was partially offset by lower underwriting costs due to a decrease in the volume of equity and debt underwriting transactions.
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Asset Management
Our asset management business is a diversified alternative asset management platform offering institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies directly and through our affiliated asset managers. We provide certain of our affiliated asset managers access to our fully integrated global operational infrastructure and support. This may include strategy and product development, daily operations and finance-related activities, compliance, legal and human resources support, as well as marketing and business development.
A summary of results of operations for our Asset Management segment is as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | (13,803) | $ | 13,327 | $ | 77,300 | $ | 293,204 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 12,808 | 15,468 | 43,560 | 59,924 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Floor brokerage and clearing fees | 4,959 | 4,541 | 25,523 | 24,982 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 11,662 | 10,719 | 33,638 | 33,651 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 401 | 494 | 1,230 | 1,462 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 17,022 | 15,754 | 60,391 | 60,095 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 29,830 | 31,222 | 103,951 | 120,019 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | (43,633) | $ | (17,895) | $ | (26,651) | $ | 173,185 | |||||||||||||||
Revenues
Asset management revenues include the following:
• Total asset management fees: management and performance fees from funds and accounts managed by us;
• Revenue from arrangements with strategic affiliates: revenues from affiliated asset managers where we are entitled to portions of their revenues and/or profits, as well as earnings on our ownership interests in our affiliated asset managers;
• Investment return: this includes investment income from capital invested in and managed by us and our affiliated asset managers; and
• Alternative investing activities across a range of sectors.
The key components of asset management revenues are the level of assets under management and the performance return, for the most part on an absolute basis and, in certain cases, relative to a benchmark or hurdle. These components can be affected by financial markets, profits and losses in the applicable investment portfolios and client capital activity. Further, asset management fees vary with the nature of investment management services. The terms under which clients may terminate our investment management authority, and the requisite notice period for such termination, varies depending on the nature of the investment vehicle and the liquidity of the portfolio assets. In some instances, performance fees and similar revenues are generally recognized once a year when they become fixed and determinable and are not probable of being significantly reversed, typically in December. As a result, a significant portion of our performance fees and similar revenues generated from investment returns in a calendar year are recognized in our following fiscal year.
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The following summarizes the results of our Asset Management businesses revenues by asset class (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
Asset management fees: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equities | $ | 718 | $ | 582 | $ | 6,703 | $ | 6,317 | |||||||||||||||
| Multi-asset | 3,040 | 2,271 | 12,924 | 6,277 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total asset management fees | 3,758 | 2,853 | 19,627 | 12,594 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Revenues from arrangements with strategic affiliates (1) | 13,311 | 16,016 | 56,060 | 95,074 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total asset management fees and revenues | 17,069 | 18,869 | 75,687 | 107,668 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Investment return (2) | (19,671) | 5,613 | 40,496 | 218,529 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Allocated net interest (2) | (11,201) | (11,155) | (38,883) | (32,993) | |||||||||||||||||||
Total Asset Management | $ | (13,803) | $ | 13,327 | $ | 77,300 | $ | 293,204 | |||||||||||||||
(1)These amounts include our share of fees received by affiliated asset management companies with which we have revenue and profit share arrangements, as well as earnings on our ownership interest in affiliated asset managers.
(2)Allocated net interest represents an allocation to Asset Management of long-term debt interest expense, net of interest income on our Cash and cash equivalents and other sources of liquidity. Allocated net interest has been disaggregated to increase transparency and to make clearer actual Investment return. We believe that aggregating Investment return and Allocated net interest would obscure the Investment return by including an amount that is unique to our credit spreads, debt maturity profile, capital structure, liquidity risks and allocation methods.
Asset management net revenues were a loss of $13.8 million for the third quarter of 2022, compared to net revenues of $13.3 million recorded in the third quarter of 2021. Total asset management fees and revenues for the third quarter of 2022 were $17.1 million, compared with $18.9 million in the prior year comparable quarter. The decrease was due to a decline in performance and similar fees and revenues earned through our strategic affiliates, partially offset by higher asset management fees on funds managed by us.
Our investment return for the third quarter of 2022 was a net loss of $19.7 million, compared with a net profit of $5.6 million for the prior year comparable quarter, as our strategies were impacted by a difficult environment, primarily for our energy and credit funds. Results in the current year quarter also include allocated net interest expenses of $11.2 million, compared with $11.2 million in the prior year comparable quarter.
Asset management net revenues for the first nine months of 2022 were $77.3 million, compared to $293.2 million recorded in the first nine months of 2021. Total asset management fees and revenues for the first nine months of 2022 were $75.7 million, compared with $107.7 million in the prior year comparable period. The decrease was due to a decline in performance and similar fees and revenues earned through our strategic affiliates, partially offset by higher asset management fees on funds managed by us.
Our investment return for the first nine months of 2022 was $40.5 million, compared with $218.5 million for the first nine months of 2021, as our strategies were significantly impacted by a difficult environment for most of our funds and lower performance by strategies that had very strong returns during the prior year comparable period. Results for the first nine months of 2022 also include allocated net interest expenses of $38.9 million, compared with $33.0 million in the prior year comparable period.
A significant portion of compensation expense is highly variable with net revenues. Compensation and benefits expense decreased for the third quarter of 2022 and first nine months of 2022, consistent with the decrease in net revenues.
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Assets Under Management
The tables below include only third-party assets under management by us, excluding those of our affiliated asset managers.
Assets under management by predominant asset class were as follows (in millions):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Assets under management: | ||||||||||||||
Equities | $ | 285 | $ | 349 | ||||||||||
| Multi-asset | 967 | 482 | ||||||||||||
Total | $ | 1,252 | $ | 831 | ||||||||||
Change in assets under management were as follows (in millions):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, beginning of period | $ | 1,269 | $ | 768 | $ | 831 | $ | 774 | |||||||||||||||
| Net cash flow in | 9 | 77 | 441 | 47 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Net market appreciation (depreciation) | (26) | 5 | (20) | 29 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance, end of period | $ | 1,252 | $ | 850 | $ | 1,252 | $ | 850 | |||||||||||||||
The change in assets under management during the third quarter of 2022 is primarily due to the transition to new management of certain of our third-party net assets and net market depreciation, partially offset by new subscriptions and investments from third-parties. The change in assets under management during the first nine months of 2022 is primarily due to new subscriptions and investments from third-parties. The change in assets under management during the third quarter of 2021 is primarily due to new subscriptions and investments from third parties and net market appreciation. The change in assets under management during the first nine months of 2021 is primarily due to new subscriptions and investments from third parties and net market appreciation, partially offset by redemptions from and liquidations of certain funds.
Our definition of assets under management is not based on any definition contained in any of our investment management agreements and differs from the manner in which "Regulatory Assets Under Management" is reported to the SEC on Form ADV.
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Asset Management Investments
Our asset management business makes seed and additional strategic investments directly in alternative asset management separately managed accounts and co-mingled funds where we act as the asset manager or in affiliated asset managers where we have strategic relationships and participate in the revenues or profits of the affiliated manager. The following table reflects amounts invested by asset manager (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||
| Jefferies Financial Group Inc., as manager: | ||||||||||||||
Fund investments (1) | $ | 219,325 | $ | 221,359 | ||||||||||
Separately managed accounts (2) | 130,191 | 251,665 | ||||||||||||
Total | 349,516 | 473,024 | ||||||||||||
| Strategic affiliates, as asset manager: | ||||||||||||||
| Fund investments (1) | 1,062,475 | 831,508 | ||||||||||||
Separately managed accounts (2) | 177,828 | 368,377 | ||||||||||||
Investments in asset managers | 218,947 | 222,661 | ||||||||||||
Total | 1,459,250 | 1,422,546 | ||||||||||||
| Total asset management investments | $ | 1,808,766 | $ | 1,895,570 | ||||||||||
(1) Due to the level or nature of an investment in a fund, we may consolidate that fund, and accordingly, the assets and liabilities of the fund are included in the representative line items in the consolidated financial statements. At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, $49.2 million and $76.5 million, respectively, represents net investments in funds that have been consolidated in our financial statements.
(2) Where we have investments in a separately managed account, the assets and liabilities of such account are presented in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition within each respective line item.
Collectively, we and our affiliated asset managers have aggregate net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management of approximately $31.3 billion and $23.6 billion at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively. Net asset values or net asset value equivalent assets under management are comprised of the fair value of the net assets of a fund or the net capital invested in a separately managed account. These include the following:
•$27.6 billion and $20.1 billion as of August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively - This includes the assets under management raised by affiliated asset managers with whom we have an ongoing profit or revenue sharing arrangement. In some instances, due to the timing of payments and crystallization of profits or revenue, the revenue related to these relationships will generally be realized and recognized once per year at the calendar year-end (during our first fiscal quarter).
•$2.4 billion and $2.6 billion as of August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively - Net asset values of investments made by us in funds or separately managed accounts. We invest in certain strategies using our own capital
often before opening a strategy to outside capital. The net asset values include our seed capital of $1.6 billion and $1.6 billion as of August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, in addition to amounts financed of $0.8 billion and $1.0 billion as of August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively, invested in funds and separately managed accounts that are managed by us and our affiliated asset managers.
•$1.3 billion and $0.8 billion as of August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, respectively - This includes third-party investments actively managed by wholly-owned managers.
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Merchant Banking
A summary of results for our Merchant Banking segment is as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 397,847 | $ | 248,690 | $ | 825,637 | $ | 812,509 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cost of sales | 123,436 | 151,510 | 349,556 | 390,916 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 10,584 | 17,584 | 89,226 | 66,365 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 37,651 | 39,849 | 97,155 | 99,000 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Interest expense | 1,223 | 762 | 2,846 | 2,517 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 18,997 | 16,554 | 57,248 | 50,536 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 57,871 | 57,165 | 157,249 | 152,053 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total expenses | 191,891 | 226,259 | 596,031 | 609,334 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income before income taxes and loss related to associated companies | 205,956 | 22,431 | 229,606 | 203,175 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss related to associated companies | (4,827) | (27,176) | (56,512) | (61,270) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Income (loss) before income taxes | $ | 201,129 | $ | (4,745) | $ | 173,094 | $ | 141,905 | |||||||||||||||
The increase in Net revenues in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same periods in 2021 is primarily due to the gain on the sale of Idaho Timber and revenue increases in some of our consolidated investments, partially offset by mark-to-market declines in the value of several of our investments in public companies. Compensation and benefits expense decreased in the third quarter of 2022 and increased in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the same periods in 2021 primarily as a result of certain fair value based compensation arrangements within some of our consolidated investments.
A summary of results for Merchant Banking by source is as follows (in thousands):
| Revenues | Expenses | Income (Loss) Related to Associated Companies | Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| For the three months ended August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas | $ | 105,382 | $ | 27,080 | $ | — | $ | 78,302 | |||||||||||||||
Idaho Timber | 247,718 | 112,701 | — | 135,017 | |||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | 49,414 | 33,949 | (1,376) | 14,089 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | (4,667) | 18,161 | (3,451) | (26,279) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 397,847 | $ | 191,891 | $ | (4,827) | $ | 201,129 | |||||||||||||||
| For the three months ended August 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas | $ | 44,918 | $ | 35,479 | $ | — | $ | 9,439 | |||||||||||||||
Idaho Timber | 118,917 | 121,282 | — | (2,365) | |||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | 66,617 | 47,947 | 169 | 18,839 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 18,238 | 21,551 | (27,345) | (30,658) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 248,690 | $ | 226,259 | $ | (27,176) | $ | (4,745) | |||||||||||||||
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| Revenues | Expenses | Income (Loss) Related to Associated Companies | Income (Loss) before Income Taxes | ||||||||||||||||||||
| For the nine months ended August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas | $ | 177,781 | $ | 129,786 | $ | — | $ | 47,995 | |||||||||||||||
Idaho Timber | 564,640 | 343,065 | — | 221,575 | |||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | 94,617 | 66,008 | (666) | 27,943 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | (11,401) | 57,172 | (55,846) | (124,419) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 825,637 | $ | 596,031 | $ | (56,512) | $ | 173,094 | |||||||||||||||
| For the nine months ended August 31, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Oil and gas | $ | 95,306 | $ | 103,852 | $ | — | $ | (8,546) | |||||||||||||||
Idaho Timber | 440,920 | 351,138 | — | 89,782 | |||||||||||||||||||
Real estate | 112,260 | 95,642 | (2,948) | 13,670 | |||||||||||||||||||
Other | 164,023 | 58,702 | (58,322) | 46,999 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 812,509 | $ | 609,334 | $ | (61,270) | $ | 141,905 | |||||||||||||||
Oil and Gas
Production revenue for the third quarter of 2022 was $69.9 million, $24.6 million higher than the $45.3 million in the third quarter of 2021, due to higher oil and gas prices, in part due to geopolitical issues. Production revenues include sales of oil and gas, as well as realized gains and losses related to oil hedges. Realized losses on oil hedges were $14.6 million and $5.1 million during the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net unrealized gains (losses) related to oil hedge derivatives were $35.6 million and $(0.4) million during the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively. For the third quarter of 2022, approximately 52% of oil production was hedged at a weighted average price of approximately $59.30/barrel. Total expenses decreased during the third quarter of 2022 as compared to the third quarter of 2021, reflecting lower non-cash compensation expense, partially offset by higher depreciation and operating expenses.
Production revenue for the first nine months of 2022 was $185.5 million, $62.3 million higher than the $123.2 million in the first nine months of 2021, due to higher oil and gas prices, in part due to geopolitical issues. Production revenues include sales of oil and gas, as well as realized gains and losses related to oil hedges. Realized losses on oil hedges were $40.1 million and $5.2 million during the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Net unrealized losses related to oil hedge derivatives were $7.9 million and $27.9 million during the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Total expenses increased during the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the first nine months of 2021, reflecting higher non-cash compensation expense, and higher depreciation and operating expenses.
For the first nine months of 2022, approximately 58% of oil production was hedged at a weighted average price of approximately $60.51/barrel. For the remainder of 2022, approximately 43% of expected oil production is hedged at a weighted average price of approximately $59.30/barrel and for 2023, we have approximately 33% of expected oil production hedged at a weighted average price of approximately $78.50/barrel. As these hedging arrangements are not eligible for hedge accounting, it is difficult to align the impact of the hedging by quarter, with the earning of revenues for which the hedges were designed. Hedging gains and losses during the current periods reflect changes in the value of hedges which expire at varying dates through 2024.
Idaho Timber
During the three months ended August 31, 2022, Jefferies sold Idaho Timber, in two transactions at a combined sales price of $239.3 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $139.0 million in the Merchant Banking segment. Net manufacturing revenues decreased by $13.4 million in the third quarter of 2022 and as compared to the third quarter of 2021 primarily due to a decrease in the average selling price of 12%. Net manufacturing revenues decreased by $28.3 million in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the first nine months of 2021 primarily due to a decrease in shipments of 6%. Throughout the second quarter and into the third quarter of 2022, lumber prices have declined from recent highs.
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The decrease in total expenses for Idaho Timber of $8.6 million in the third quarter of 2022 and $8.1 million in the first nine months of 2022 as compared to the similar periods of 2021 primarily reflects a decrease in cost of sales and charges to adjust inventory carrying values to substantially lower lumber prices in the 2021 periods, partially offset by increased compensation expense due to the full vesting of bonuses as part of the sale of Idaho Timber.
Real Estate
The decrease in real estate revenues and expenses in the third quarter of 2022 and first nine months of 2022 as compared to the similar periods in 2021 primarily reflects decreased sales of properties and the related cost of sales.
Other
Other revenues reflect realized and unrealized gains (losses) on financial instruments owned, which are held at fair value, of $(16.3) million and $8.6 million for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $(47.5) million and $137.1 million for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The gains (losses) on financial instruments owned include mark-to-market changes in the value of our investments in public companies of $(27.3) million and $12.7 million for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $(64.8) million and $104.7 million for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively.
Corporate
A summary of results of operations for our Corporate segment is as follows (in thousands):
| For the Three Months Ended August 31, | For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Net revenues | $ | 6,192 | $ | 955 | $ | 8,756 | $ | 2,269 | |||||||||||||||
| Expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Compensation and benefits | 13,856 | 6,466 | 25,487 | 29,035 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Non-compensation expenses: | |||||||||||||||||||||||
| Selling, general and other expenses | 5,339 | 4,375 | 17,319 | 13,954 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Depreciation and amortization | 423 | 564 | 1,266 | 2,306 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Total non-compensation expenses | 5,762 | 4,939 | 18,585 | 16,260 | |||||||||||||||||||
Total expenses | 19,618 | 11,405 | 44,072 | 45,295 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loss before income taxes | $ | (13,426) | $ | (10,450) | $ | (35,316) | $ | (43,026) | |||||||||||||||
Compensation and benefits expense in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 is impacted by $8.0 million of severance expense recorded during the third quarter. Compensation and benefits expense in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022 also reflects a more challenging operating environment, as well as a meaningful reduction in expense related to share-based awards that impacted the third quarter and first nine months of 2021. Total expenses include share-based compensation expense of $1.6 million and $2.1 million for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $6.1 million and $14.2 million for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. Share-based compensation for first nine months of 2021 reflects $7.0 million related to the full fair value of certain share-based grants made during 2021, which were fully vested upon grant.
Parent Company Interest
Parent company interest expense totaled $9.0 million and $13.8 million for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, respectively, and $25.8 million and $41.5 million for the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, respectively. The decrease in interest expense in the third quarter and first nine months of 2022, is a result of the repurchase in the fourth quarter of 2021 of $308.3 million principal amount of our 5.50% Senior Notes due October 18, 2023. Interest expense may also fluctuate due to capitalization of interest.
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Income Taxes
Our provisions for income taxes were $105.9 million and $145.7 million, respectively, for the third quarter of 2022 and 2021, representing effective tax rates of 35.1% and 26.3%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2022, as compared to the third quarter of 2021, is primarily due to the combined regulatory settlement with the SEC and CFTC, which is not deductible for income tax purposes. For the first nine months of 2022 and 2021, our provisions for income taxes were $219.9 million and $484.8 million, respectively, representing effective tax rates of 25.6% and 26.5%, respectively.
Selected Statement of Financial Condition Data
On December 1, 2021, we made a $477 million contribution of net assets, including both Merchant Banking and Asset Management investments, to Jefferies Group. The transferred Merchant Banking investments are now being managed by a different management team, while the Asset Management investments continue to be managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management who oversee all asset management activities across the Company. As a result, we transferred $194 million of net assets out of our Merchant Banking segment: $139 million of these net assets, including $48 million of net assets relating to Foursight, were transferred into our Investment Banking and Capital Markets segment; the remaining $55 million of net assets transferred are now managed by the co-Presidents of Asset Management and are included in our Asset Management segment. Prior year amounts have been reclassified to conform to current segment reporting.
The tables below reconcile the balance sheet for each of our segments to our consolidated balance sheet (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 7,808,668 | $ | 4,354 | $ | 148,436 | $ | 1,516,082 | $ | — | $ | 9,477,540 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations | 984,252 | — | — | — | — | 984,252 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value | 17,718,535 | 2,282,513 | 243,283 | 4,953 | — | 20,249,284 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 1,156,131 | 187,649 | 409,543 | — | — | 1,753,323 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities borrowed | 6,607,954 | — | — | — | — | 6,607,954 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 4,107,389 | — | — | — | — | 4,107,389 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities received as collateral, at fair value | 149,586 | — | — | — | — | 149,586 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | 6,259,164 | 369,515 | 63,793 | 6,154 | — | 6,698,626 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | 890,354 | 389 | 11,189 | 10,910 | — | 912,842 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net and goodwill | 1,686,323 | 143,278 | 44,834 | — | — | 1,874,435 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 845,257 | 41,149 | 1,273,539 | 402,963 | (148,328) | 2,414,580 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 48,213,613 | 3,028,847 | 2,194,617 | 1,941,062 | (148,328) | 55,229,811 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt (1) (2) | 6,156,056 | 1,416,278 | 375,447 | 687,685 | — | 8,635,466 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 34,946,600 | 806,318 | 239,688 | 251,313 | (148,328) | 36,095,591 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 41,102,656 | 2,222,596 | 615,135 | 938,998 | (148,328) | 44,731,057 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | 13,378 | — | — | 13,378 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares | — | — | — | 125,000 | — | 125,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 727 | 19,136 | 47,982 | — | — | 67,845 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. shareholders' equity | $ | 7,110,230 | $ | 787,115 | $ | 1,518,122 | $ | 877,064 | $ | — | $ | 10,292,531 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
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(1) Jefferies Group long-term debt of $7.57 billion at August 31, 2022 is allocated to Investment Banking and Capital Markets, and Asset Management segments based on an internal management view only and may not be reflective of what long-term debt would be on a stand-alone segment basis.
(2) Long-term debt within Merchant Banking of $375.4 million at August 31, 2022, includes $311.4 million for real estate businesses and $64.1 million for Vitesse Energy. At August 31, 2022, Vitesse Energy had $66.0 million drawn out of the maximum $200.0 million borrowing base on its credit facility. See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
| November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | Asset Management | Merchant Banking | Corporate | Consolidation Adjustments | Total | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Assets | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 8,813,434 | $ | 3,651 | $ | 146,577 | $ | 1,791,471 | $ | — | $ | 10,755,133 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Cash and securities segregated and on deposit for regulatory purposes or deposited with clearing and depository organizations | 1,015,107 | — | — | — | — | 1,015,107 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Financial instruments owned, at fair value | 17,097,333 | 2,409,428 | 321,909 | — | — | 19,828,670 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Loans to and investments in associated companies | 1,150,782 | 193,800 | 401,208 | — | — | 1,745,790 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities borrowed | 6,409,420 | — | — | — | — | 6,409,420 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Securities purchased under agreements to resell | 7,618,652 | 23,832 | — | — | — | 7,642,484 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Securities received as collateral, at fair value | 7,289 | — | — | — | — | 7,289 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Receivables | 7,352,435 | 387,932 | 91,253 | 7,620 | — | 7,839,240 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property, equipment and leasehold improvements, net | 870,512 | 6,319 | 25,082 | 9,317 | — | 911,230 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net and goodwill | 1,707,807 | 143,304 | 46,389 | — | — | 1,897,500 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other assets | 860,603 | 37,533 | 1,230,632 | 624,519 | (401,040) | 2,352,247 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total assets | 52,903,374 | 3,205,799 | 2,263,050 | 2,432,927 | (401,040) | 60,404,110 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liabilities | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Long-term debt (1) (2) | 7,038,284 | 1,084,168 | 316,285 | 687,008 | — | 9,125,745 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other liabilities | 39,295,448 | 1,089,863 | 249,417 | 314,637 | (401,040) | 40,548,325 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total liabilities | 46,333,732 | 2,174,031 | 565,702 | 1,001,645 | (401,040) | 49,674,070 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Redeemable noncontrolling interests | — | — | 25,400 | — | — | 25,400 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares | — | — | — | 125,000 | — | 125,000 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Noncontrolling interests | 737 | 10,387 | 14,761 | — | — | 25,885 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Total Jefferies Financial Group Inc. shareholders' equity | $ | 6,568,905 | $ | 1,021,381 | $ | 1,657,187 | $ | 1,306,282 | $ | — | $ | 10,553,755 | |||||||||||||||||||||||
(1) Jefferies Group long-term debt of $8.12 billion at November 30, 2021 is allocated to Investment Banking and Capital Markets, and Asset Management segments based on an internal management view only and may not be reflective of what long-term debt would be on a stand-alone segment basis.
(2) Long-term debt within Merchant Banking of $316.3 million at November 30, 2021, includes $248.7 million for real estate businesses and $67.6 million for Vitesse Energy. At November 30, 2021, Vitesse Energy had $68.0 million drawn out of the maximum $140.0 million borrowing base on its credit facility. See Note 11 in our consolidated financial statements for additional information.
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The table below presents our capital by significant business and investment (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Investment Banking and Capital Markets | $ | 7,110,230 | $ | 6,568,905 | |||||||
| Asset Management | 787,115 | 1,021,381 | |||||||||
| Merchant Banking: | |||||||||||
Real estate | 511,894 | 476,939 | |||||||||
Oil and gas | 511,463 | 510,798 | |||||||||
| OpNet | 139,605 | 133,778 | |||||||||
FXCM | 79,959 | 99,441 | |||||||||
| Idaho Timber | — | 87,527 | |||||||||
| Investments in public companies | 166,539 | 231,307 | |||||||||
| Other | 108,662 | 117,397 | |||||||||
Total Merchant Banking | 1,518,122 | 1,657,187 | |||||||||
Corporate liquidity and other assets, net of Corporate liabilities including long-term debt | 877,064 | 1,306,282 | |||||||||
| Total Capital | $ | 10,292,531 | $ | 10,553,755 | |||||||
Below is a brief description of the captions in the table above:
•Investment Banking and Capital Markets includes investment banking, capital markets and other related services. Investment banking provides underwriting and financial advisory services to clients across most industry sectors in the Americas, Europe, the Middle East and Africa, and Asia Pacific. Capital markets businesses operate across the spectrum of equities and fixed income products. Our Investment Banking and Capital Markets businesses are conducted by Jefferies Group, our largest subsidiary, and is the largest independent full-service global investment banking firm headquartered in the U.S.
•Within Asset Management, we manage, invest in and provide services to a diverse group of alternative asset management platforms across a spectrum of investment strategies and asset classes. Asset Management offers institutional clients an innovative range of investment strategies through its affiliated managers.
•Merchant Banking:
◦Our real estate assets primarily consist of our 100% ownership of HomeFed, a developer and owner of residential and mixed-use real estate properties in California, New York, Florida, Virginia and South Carolina. HomeFed's key assets include Otay Ranch, a master planned community that is under development in Chula Vista, CA, made up of approximately 4,450 acres of land entitled for 13,050 total units; and Renaissance Plaza, a mixed-use asset in Brooklyn, NY, comprised of an office building, garage and hotel.
◦Our oil and gas business primarily consists of Vitesse Energy. Vitesse Energy is our 97% owned consolidated subsidiary that acquires, invests and monetizes non-operated working interests and royalties predominantly in the Bakken Shale of the Williston Basin in North Dakota.
◦We own approximately 42% of the common shares of OpNet S.p.A. ("OpNet") (formerly known as Linkem). In addition, we own convertible preferred stock, which is automatically convertible to common shares in 2026, redeemable preferred stock with a redemption value of $98.8 million at August 31, 2022 and warrants. If all of our convertible preferred stock was converted and warrants were exercised, it would increase our ownership to approximately 61% of OpNet's common equity at August 31, 2022. Additionally, we have made shareholder loans to OpNet with principal outstanding of $44.5 million at August 31, 2022. OpNet is accounted for under the equity method.
OpNet provides broadband services in Italy using state-of-the-art 5G and LTE technologies deployed over the 3.5 GHz spectrum band. OpNet is upgrading its proprietary fixed wireless network to 100% 5G technology using its valuable nationwide 3.5GHz spectrum holdings. OpNet built its first 5G towers in late 2020 and commercially launched service in September 2021. It plans to rapidly increase its network coverage and service offerings over the coming years as it completes the upgrade to 5G, adds subscribers and leverages its network and spectrum assets. In
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August 2022, OpNet merged its customer-facing retail operations into Tiscali S.p.A., a public Italian telecommunications company and became the majority shareholder of Tiscali. The combined company is the fifth-largest broadband operator in Italy, and one of the largest providers of ultrabroadband fiber-to-the-home and fixed wireless access. OpNet's remaining infrastructure division owns the largest independent 5G network in Italy with an extensive spectrum portfolio offering fixed wireless, mobile, and private network services that support a wide variety of 5G applications to telecom carriers and other enterprise customers.
◦Our investment in FXCM and associated companies consists of a senior secured term loan due May 6, 2023 ($39.6 million principal outstanding at August 31, 2022), a 50% voting interest in FXCM and rights to a majority of all distributions in respect of the equity in FXCM. FXCM is a provider of online foreign exchange trading, contract for difference trading, spread betting and related services.
◦Idaho Timber was our 100% owned consolidated subsidiary engaged in the manufacture and distribution of various wood products. We sold our entire interest in Idaho Timber in the third quarter of 2022.
•Corporate liquidity and other assets, net of Corporate liabilities, primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, net of long-term debt and payables, expense accruals and other liabilities, as well as our outstanding mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Parent Company Liquidity
Our strategy focuses on continuing to build out our investment banking effort, enhancing our capital markets businesses and further developing our Leucadia Asset Management alternative asset management platform, while returning excess capital to shareholders. We own a legacy portfolio of businesses and investments that we historically denominated as our "Merchant Banking" business and are reflected in our consolidated results as consolidated subsidiaries, equity investments, securities or in other ways. We are well along in the process of liquidating this portfolio, with the intention of selling to third parties, distributing to shareholders or transferring the balance of this portfolio to our Asset Management reportable segment over the next few years. In adhering to our long-standing fundamental strategy of focusing on building our investment banking and capital markets businesses and reducing the size of our Merchant Banking portfolio, during the three months ended August 31, 2022, we sold our wholly-owned manufacturing subsidiary, Idaho Timber, in two transactions at a combined sales price of $239.3 million, resulting in a pre-tax gain of $139.0 million in the Merchant Banking segment.
We continue to work diligently to effect the spin-off to shareholders of our holdings in Vitesse Energy by the end of our fiscal year, subject to necessary regulatory reviews and rulings. That spin-off will involve the formation of a new standalone entity, Vitesse Energy, Inc., that will ultimately be a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange. Jefferies expects that its ownership interests in Vitesse Energy, Inc. will be distributed tax-free on a pro rata basis to all shareholders. At August 31, 2022, Vitesse Energy had a net book value of $505.3 million. In addition, Jefferies expects to streamline and simplify its corporate structure by merging Jefferies Group into Jefferies by fiscal year-end 2022. This merger will, among other things, eliminate the requirement for two sets of Form 10-Qs, Form 10-Ks, and other duplicative processes at Jefferies and Jefferies Group, and result in Jefferies parent company assuming commitments and obligations of Jefferies Group.
Parent company liquidity, which includes cash and investments that are easily convertible into cash within a relatively short period of time, total $1.72 billion at August 31, 2022 and are primarily comprised of cash, prime and government money market funds and other publicly traded securities. These are classified in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition as cash and cash equivalents and financial instruments owned, at fair value. At August 31, 2022, $1.28 billion of this amount is invested in U.S. government money funds that invest at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or government securities.
During the first nine months of 2022, our parent company received cash distributions from our subsidiary businesses and cash from divestitures and repayment of advances totaling $830.9 million, including $433.8 million from Jefferies Group and $314.8 million related to Idaho Timber.
Our current annual cash requirements, including the payment of interest on our parent company debt, dividends and corporate cash overhead expenses, aggregate approximately $369.2 million in the upcoming year. Dividends paid during the first nine months of 2022 of $211.8 million include quarterly dividends of $0.30 per share. The payment of dividends is subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors and depends upon general business conditions, legal and contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends and other factors that our Board of Directors may deem to be relevant.
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For many years, we benefited from federal net operating loss carryovers ("NOLs") which substantially offset our federal cash tax requirements. As a result of full utilization of our federal NOLs and other tax attributes, we have been incurring and paying federal taxes since 2020.
Our primary long-term parent company cash requirement is our $691.7 million principal outstanding as of August 31, 2022 under our long-term debt, of which $441.7 million is due in October 2023 and $250.0 million in 2043.
Shares Outstanding
During the first nine months of 2022, we purchased a total of 21,721,900 of our common shares for $738.6 million, or an average price of $34.00 per share, including 18,294,689 of our common shares in the open market for $616.3 million under our current Board of Director authorizations, and 3,427,211 shares of our common stock for $122.2 million in connection with net-share settlements under our equity compensation plan. At August 31, 2022, we had $133.7 million remaining authorization of future repurchases. In September 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $145.9 million back to a total of $250.0 million.
At August 31, 2022, we had outstanding 228,807,229 common shares, 17,947,000 share-based awards that do not require the holder to pay any exercise price and 5,027,000 stock options that require the holder to pay an average exercise price of $23.75 per share. The 17,947,000 share-based awards include the target number of shares that may be issued under the senior executive award plan. Additionally, we have mandatorily redeemable convertible preferred shares that are currently convertible into 4,440,863 common shares, at an effective conversion price of $28.15 per share. At August 31, 2022, the maximum potential increase to common shares outstanding resulting from these outstanding awards and the preferred shares is 27,415,000 (potentially an aggregate of 256,222,092 outstanding common shares if all awards and preferred shares become outstanding common shares).
Long-term Debt Ratings
From time to time in the past, we have accessed public and private credit markets and raised capital in underwritten bond financings. The funds raised have been used by us for general corporate purposes, including for our existing businesses and new investment opportunities. In addition, the ratings of Jefferies are a factor considered by rating agencies that rate the debt of our subsidiary companies, including Jefferies Group, whose access to external financing is important to its day to day operations. Ratings issued by bond rating agencies are subject to change at any time. Our long-term debt ratings at August 31, 2022 are as follows:
Rating | Outlook | |||||||
| Moody's Investors Service | Baa2 | Stable | ||||||
| Standard and Poor's | BBB | Stable | ||||||
| Fitch Ratings (1) | BBB | Positive | ||||||
(1) On January 24, 2022, Fitch Ratings affirmed our rating of BBB and revised our rating outlook from stable to positive.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
As discussed above, we have historically relied on our available liquidity to meet short-term and long-term needs, and to make acquisitions of new businesses and investments. Except as otherwise disclosed herein, our operating businesses do not generally require significant funds to support their operating activities. The mix of our operating businesses and investments can change frequently as a result of acquisitions or divestitures, the timing of which is impossible to predict but which often have a significant impact on the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows in any one period. Further, the timing and amounts of distributions from investments in associated companies may be outside our control. As a result, reported cash flows from operating, investing and financing activities do not generally follow any particular pattern or trend, and reported results in the most recent period should not be expected to recur in any subsequent period.
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The following table provides a summary of our cash flows (in thousands):
| For the Nine Months Ended August 31, | |||||||||||
| 2022 | 2021 | ||||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | $ | 11,828,304 | $ | 9,664,972 | |||||||
| Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,447,192 | 86,545 | |||||||||
| Net cash used for investing activities | (106,110) | (256,666) | |||||||||
| Net cash provided by (used for) financing activities | (2,629,736) | 575,848 | |||||||||
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | (20,183) | 1,704 | |||||||||
| Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 10,519,467 | $ | 10,072,403 | |||||||
During the first nine months of 2022, net cash provided by operating activities primarily reflects funds provided by Jefferies Group of $1.46 billion.
During the first nine months of 2021, net cash provided by operating activities primarily relates to funds provided by Jefferies Group of $291.9 million, funds provided by Merchant Banking operations of $139.5 million and Corporate tax payments of $451.1 million.
During the first nine months of 2022, net cash used for investing activities principally reflects advances on notes, loans and other receivables of $413.5 million and loans to and investments in associated companies of $370.7 million, partially offset by collections on notes, loans and other receivables of $344.2 million, capital distributions and loan repayments from associated companies of $265.7 million and proceeds from sale of subsidiaries, net of expenses and cash of operations sold, of $209.3 million.
During the first nine months of 2021, net cash used for investing activities principally reflects $2.29 billion of loans to and investments in associated companies and $2.31 billion of capital distributions and loan repayments from associated companies.
During the first nine months of 2022, net cash used for financing activities primarily relates to funds used by Jefferies Group of $1.78 billion, including funds used for the repayment of debt of $3.18 billion and payments on other secured financings of $2.33 billion, partially offset by funds provided by the issuance of debt of $3.72 billion. Additionally, funds used for financing activities includes funds used to repurchase common shares for treasury of $738.6 million and funds used to pay dividends of $211.8 million.
During the first nine months of 2021, net cash provided by financing activities primarily relates to funds provided by Jefferies Group of $789.3 million, including funds provided by the issuance of debt of $1.23 billion and proceeds from other secured financings of $779.5 million, partially offset by funds used for the repayment of debt of $1.20 billion. Additionally, funds provided by financing activities includes the issuance of debt of $224.2 million and proceeds from other secured financings of $271.8 million at Foursight. This was partially offset by funds used for the repayment of debt of $353.5 million at Foursight, funds used to repurchase common shares for treasury of $181.9 million and funds used to pay dividends of $161.3 million.
Jefferies Group Liquidity
General
The Chief Financial Officer and Global Treasurer of Jefferies Group are responsible for developing and implementing liquidity, funding and capital management strategies for Jefferies Group. These policies are determined by the nature and needs of day to day business operations, business opportunities, regulatory obligations and liquidity requirements.
The actual levels of capital, total assets and financial leverage are a function of a number of factors, including asset composition, business initiatives and opportunities, regulatory requirements and cost and availability of both long-term and short-term funding. Jefferies Group has historically maintained a balance sheet consisting of a large portion of total assets in cash and liquid marketable securities, arising principally from traditional securities brokerage and trading activity. The liquid nature of these assets provides flexibility in financing and managing its business.
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Jefferies Group maintains modest leverage to support its investment grade ratings. The growth of its balance sheet is supported by its equity and we have quantitative metrics in place to monitor leverage and double leverage. Jefferies Group's capital plan is robust, in order to sustain its operating model through stressed conditions. We maintain adequate financial resources to support business activities in both normal and stressed market conditions, including a buffer in excess of regulatory, or other internal or external, requirements. Jefferies Group's access to funding and liquidity is stable and efficient to ensure that there is sufficient liquidity to meet its financial obligations in normal and stressed market conditions.
A business unit level balance sheet and cash capital analysis are prepared and reviewed with senior management on a weekly basis. As a part of this balance sheet review process, capital is allocated to all assets and gross balance sheet limits are adjusted, as necessary. This process ensures that the allocation of capital and costs of capital are incorporated into business decisions. The goals of this process are to protect the firm's platform, enable the businesses to remain competitive, maintain the ability to manage capital proactively and hold businesses accountable for both balance sheet and capital usage.
We actively monitor and evaluate our financial condition and the composition of assets and liabilities. The overall securities inventory is continually monitored, including the inventory turnover rate, which confirms the liquidity of overall assets. Substantially all of Jefferies Group's financial instruments are valued on a daily basis and we monitor and employ balance sheet limits for its various businesses.
At August 31, 2022, the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition includes Jefferies Group's Level 3 financial instruments owned, at fair value that are approximately 3.4% of total financial instruments owned, at fair value.
Securities financing assets and liabilities include financing for financial instruments trading activity, matched book transactions and mortgage finance transactions. Matched book transactions accommodate customers, as well as obtain securities for the settlement and financing of inventory positions.
The following table presents period end balance, average balance and maximum balance at any month end within the periods presented for Securities purchased under agreements to resell and Securities sold under agreements to repurchase (in millions):
| Nine Months Ended August 31, 2022 | Year Ended November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||
| Securities purchased under agreements to resell: | |||||||||||
| Period end | $ | 4,107 | $ | 7,642 | |||||||
| Month end average | 7,590 | 9,425 | |||||||||
| Maximum month end | 10,428 | 12,321 | |||||||||
| Securities sold under agreements to repurchase: | |||||||||||
| Period end | $ | 7,564 | $ | 8,446 | |||||||
| Month end average | 11,786 | 11,515 | |||||||||
| Maximum month end | 17,417 | 19,207 | |||||||||
Fluctuations in the balance of repurchase agreements from period to period and intraperiod are dependent on business activity in those periods. Additionally, the fluctuations in the balances of securities purchased under agreements to resell are influenced in any given period by our clients' balances and our clients' desires to execute collateralized financing arrangements via the repurchase market or via other financing products. Average balances and period end balances will fluctuate based on market and liquidity conditions and we consider the fluctuations intraperiod to be typical for the repurchase market.
Liquidity Management
The key objectives of Jefferies Group's liquidity management framework are to support the successful execution of its business strategies while ensuring sufficient liquidity through the business cycle and during periods of financial distress. The liquidity management policies are designed to mitigate the potential risk that adequate financing may not be accessible to service financial obligations without material franchise or business impact.
The principal elements of Jefferies Group's liquidity management framework are the Contingency Funding Plan, the Cash Capital Policy and the assessment of Modeled Liquidity Outflow.
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Contingency Funding Plan. Jefferies Group's Contingency Funding Plan is based on a model of a potential liquidity contraction over a one year time period. This incorporates potential cash outflows during a market or our idiosyncratic liquidity stress event, including, but not limited to, the following:
•Repayment of all unsecured debt maturing within one year and no incremental unsecured debt issuance;
•Maturity rolloff of outstanding letters of credit with no further issuance and replacement with cash collateral;
•Higher margin requirements than currently exist on assets on securities financing activity, including repurchase agreements;
•Liquidity outflows related to possible credit downgrade;
•Lower availability of secured funding;
•Client cash withdrawals;
•The anticipated funding of outstanding investment and loan commitments; and
•Certain accrued expenses and other liabilities and fixed costs.
Cash Capital Policy. A cash capital model is maintained that measures long-term funding sources against requirements. Sources of cash capital include equity and the noncurrent portion of long-term borrowings. Uses of cash capital include the following:
•Illiquid assets such as equipment, goodwill, net intangible assets, exchange memberships, deferred tax assets and certain investments;
•A portion of securities inventory that is not expected to be financed on a secured basis in a credit stressed environment (i.e., margin requirements); and
•Drawdowns of unfunded commitments.
To ensure that inventory does not need to be liquidated in the event of a funding stress, we seek to maintain surplus cash capital. Jefferies Group's total long-term capital of $14.27 billion at August 31, 2022 exceeded its cash capital requirements.
Modeled Liquidity Outflow. Jefferies Group's businesses are diverse, and its liquidity needs are determined by many factors, including market movements, collateral requirements and client commitments, all of which can change dramatically in a difficult funding environment. During a liquidity stress, credit-sensitive funding, including unsecured debt and some types of secured financing agreements, may be unavailable, and the terms (e.g., interest rates, collateral provisions and tenor) or availability of other types of secured financing may change. As a result of Jefferies Group's policy to ensure it has sufficient funds to cover estimates of what may be needed in a liquidity stress, Jefferies Group holds more cash and unencumbered securities and has greater long-term debt balances than the businesses would otherwise require. As part of this estimation process, Jefferies Group calculates a Modeled Liquidity Outflow that could be experienced in a liquidity stress. Modeled Liquidity Outflow is based on a scenario that includes both a market-wide stress and firm-specific stress.
Based on the sources and uses of liquidity calculated under the Modeled Liquidity Outflow scenarios, Jefferies Group determines, based on a calculated surplus or deficit, additional long-term funding that may be needed versus funding through the repurchase financing market and consider any adjustments that may be necessary to Jefferies Group's inventory balances and cash holdings. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group had sufficient excess liquidity to meet all contingent cash outflows detailed in the Modeled Liquidity Outflow. Jefferies Group regularly refines its model to reflect changes in market or economic conditions and the firm's business mix.
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Sources of Liquidity
Within Jefferies Group, the following are financial instruments that are cash and cash equivalents or are deemed by management to be generally readily convertible into cash, marginable or accessible for liquidity purposes within a relatively short period of time, as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | Average Balance Third Quarter 2022 (1) | November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||
| Cash and cash equivalents: | |||||||||||||||||
Cash in banks | $ | 1,415,147 | $ | 2,923,408 | $ | 1,888,693 | |||||||||||
Money market investments (2) | 6,397,875 | 4,085,572 | 6,924,871 | ||||||||||||||
Total cash and cash equivalents | 7,813,022 | 7,008,980 | 8,813,564 | ||||||||||||||
| Other sources of liquidity: | |||||||||||||||||
Debt securities owned and securities purchased under agreements to resell (3) | 1,087,683 | 1,142,904 | 1,621,118 | ||||||||||||||
| Other (4) | 394,688 | 588,113 | 311,641 | ||||||||||||||
Total other sources | 1,482,371 | 1,731,017 | 1,932,759 | ||||||||||||||
| Total cash and cash equivalents and other liquidity sources | $ | 9,295,393 | $ | 8,739,997 | $ | 10,746,323 | |||||||||||
(1)Average balances are calculated based on weekly balances.
(2)At August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021, $6.38 billion and $6.91 billion, respectively, was invested in U.S. government money funds that invest at least 99.5% of its total assets in cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and U.S. government-sponsored entities, and repurchase agreements that are fully collateralized by cash or government securities. The remaining $14.9 million at both August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021 are invested in AAA rated prime money funds. The average balance of U.S. government money funds for the quarter ended August 31, 2022 was $4.07 billion.
(3)Consists of high quality sovereign government securities and reverse repurchase agreements collateralized by U.S. government securities and other high quality sovereign government securities; deposits with a central bank within the European Economic Area, United Kingdom ("U.K."), Canada, Australia, Japan, Switzerland or the U.S.; and securities issued by a designated multilateral development bank and reverse repurchase agreements with underlying collateral comprised of these securities.
(4)Other includes unencumbered inventory representing an estimate of the amount of additional secured financing that could be reasonably expected to be obtained from financial instruments owned that are currently not pledged after considering reasonable financing haircuts.
In addition to the cash balances and liquidity pool presented above, the majority of financial instruments (both long and short) in Jefferies Group's trading accounts are actively traded and readily marketable. At August 31, 2022, repurchase financing can be readily obtained for 73.9% of Jefferies Group's inventory at haircuts of 10% or less, which reflects the liquidity of the inventory. In addition, as a matter of our policy, all of these assets have internal capital assessed, which is in addition to the funding haircuts provided in the securities finance markets. Additionally, certain of Jefferies Group's financial instruments owned, primarily consisting of bank loans, consumer loans and investments, are predominantly funded by Jefferies Group's long-term capital. Under Jefferies Group's cash capital policy, capital allocation levels are modeled that are more stringent than the haircuts used in the market for secured funding; and surplus capital is maintained at these more stringent levels. We continually assess the liquidity of Jefferies Group's inventory based on the level at which Jefferies Group could obtain financing in the marketplace for a given asset. Assets are considered to be liquid if financing can be obtained in the repurchase market or the securities lending market at collateral haircut levels of 10% or less.
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The following summarizes Jefferies Group's financial instruments owned by asset class that are considered to be of a liquid nature and the amount of such assets that have not been pledged as collateral as reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition (in thousands):
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Liquid Financial Instruments | Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2) | Liquid Financial Instruments | Unencumbered Liquid Financial Instruments (2) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporate equity securities | $ | 3,217,293 | $ | 583,207 | $ | 2,635,956 | $ | 347,157 | |||||||||||||||
| Corporate debt securities | 2,667,494 | 47,646 | 2,943,135 | 31,935 | |||||||||||||||||||
| U.S. government, agency and municipal securities | 4,565,569 | 131,292 | 3,610,885 | 109,325 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Other sovereign obligations | 1,330,890 | 923,504 | 1,528,100 | 1,463,968 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Agency mortgage-backed securities (1) | 2,834,991 | — | 1,487,165 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and other receivables | 160,104 | — | 132,989 | — | |||||||||||||||||||
Total | $ | 14,776,341 | $ | 1,685,649 | $ | 12,338,230 | $ | 1,952,385 | |||||||||||||||
(1)Consists solely of agency mortgage-backed securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("Freddie Mac"), the Federal National Mortgage Association ("Fannie Mae") and the Government National Mortgage Association ("Ginnie Mae").
(2)Unencumbered liquid balances represent assets that can be sold or used as collateral for a loan, but have not been.
In addition to being able to be readily financed at reasonable haircut levels, it is estimated that each of the individual securities within each asset class above could be sold into the market and converted into cash within three business days under normal market conditions, assuming that the entire portfolio of a given asset class was not simultaneously liquidated. There are no restrictions on the unencumbered liquid securities, nor have they been pledged as collateral.
Sources of Funding and Capital Resources
Jefferies Group's assets are funded by equity capital, senior debt, securities loaned, securities sold under agreements to repurchase, customer free credit balances, bank loans and other payables.
Secured Financing
Readily available secured funding is used to finance Jefferies Group's inventory of financial instruments. Jefferies Group's ability to support increases in total assets is largely a function of the ability to obtain short and intermediate-term secured funding, primarily through securities financing transactions. Repurchase or reverse repurchase agreements (collectively "repos"), respectively, are used to finance a portion of long inventory and cover some of short inventory by pledging and borrowing securities. At August 31, 2022, approximately 68.0% of Jefferies Group's cash and noncash repurchase financing activities used collateral that was considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. During the first nine months of 2022, an average of approximately 75.4% of Jefferies Group's cash and noncash repurchase financing activities used collateral that was considered eligible collateral by central clearing corporations. Central clearing corporations are situated between participating members who borrow cash and lend securities (or vice versa); accordingly, repo participants contract with the central clearing corporation and not one another individually. Therefore, counterparty credit risk is borne by the central clearing corporation which mitigates the risk through initial margin demands and variation margin calls from repo participants. The comparatively large proportion of Jefferies Group's total repo activity that is eligible for central clearing reflects the high quality and liquid composition of the inventory Jefferies Group carries in its trading books. For those asset classes not eligible for central clearing house financing, Jefferies Group seeks to execute its bi-lateral financings on an extended term basis and the tenor of Jefferies Group's repurchase and reverse repurchase agreements generally exceeds the expected holding period of the assets Jefferies Group is financing. The weighted average maturity of cash and noncash repurchase agreements for non-clearing corporation eligible funded inventory is approximately eight months at August 31, 2022.
Jefferies Group's ability to finance its inventory via central clearinghouses and bi-lateral arrangements is augmented by Jefferies Group's ability to draw bank loans on an uncommitted basis under its various banking arrangements. At August 31, 2022, short-term borrowings, which must be repaid within one year or less totaled $564.2 million and include bank loans and overdrafts of $7.4 million, borrowings under revolving credit facilities of $550.0 million and floating rate puttable notes of $6.8 million.
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Interest under the bank lines is generally at a spread over the federal funds rate. Letters of credit are used in the normal course of business mostly to satisfy various collateral requirements in favor of exchanges in lieu of depositing cash or securities. Average daily short-term borrowings outstanding for Jefferies Group were $389.6 million and $399.1 million for the third quarter of 2022 and the first nine months of 2022, respectively.
Jefferies Group's borrowings under credit facilities contain certain covenants that, among other things, require it to maintain a specified level of tangible net worth, require a minimum regulatory net capital requirement for its U.S. broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, and impose certain restrictions on the future indebtedness of certain of its subsidiaries that are borrowers. Interest is based on rates at spreads over the federal funds rate or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements, or at a rate as agreed between the bank and Jefferies Group in reference to the bank's cost of funding. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities.
In addition to the above financing arrangements, Jefferies Group issues notes backed by eligible collateral under master repurchase agreements, which provide an additional financing source for its inventory ("repurchase agreement financing program"). Jefferies Group also issues notes through SPEs collateralized by automobile loans. The notes issued under these programs are presented within Other secured financings in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. At August 31, 2022, the outstanding notes totaled $2.15 billion, bear interest at spreads over the London Interbank Offered Rate ("LIBOR") rates or as stated in agreements and have maturities ranging from September 2022 to October 2029.
Long-Term Debt
Jefferies Group's long-term debt reflected in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition at August 31, 2022 is $7.57 billion.
During the first nine months of 2022, Jefferies Group's long-term debt decreased by $467.5 million, primarily due to fair value changes in its structured notes, gains on certain of its senior notes associated with interest rate swaps based on their designation as fair value hedges and approximately $66.2 million of net repayments related to its unsecured long-term debt, partially offset by structured notes issuances, net of retirements, of approximately $162.5 million and net issuances of approximately $93.7 million related to its secured credit facilities. At August 31, 2022, all of Jefferies Group's structured notes contain various interest rate payment terms and are accounted for at fair value, with changes in fair value resulting from a change in the instrument-specific credit risk presented in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) and changes in fair value resulting from non-credit components recognized in Principal transactions revenue. The fair value of all of Jefferies Group's structured notes at August 31, 2022 was $1.52 billion.
At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group's borrowings under several credit facilities classified within Long-term debt in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition amounted to $1.05 billion. Interest on these credit facilities is based on adjusted LIBOR rates or other adjusted rates, as defined in the various credit agreements. The credit facility agreements contain certain covenants that, among other things, require Jefferies Group to maintain specified levels of tangible net worth and liquidity amounts, and impose certain restrictions on future indebtedness of and require specified levels of regulated capital and cash reserves for certain of its subsidiaries. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under these credit facilities.
In addition, one of Jefferies Group's subsidiaries has a Loan and Security Agreement with a bank for a term loan ("Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan"). At August 31, 2022, borrowings under the Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan amounted to $100.0 million and are also classified within Long-term debt in the Consolidated Statement of Financial Condition. The Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan matures on September 13, 2024, has an interest rate of 1.25% plus LIBOR and is collateralized by certain trading securities. The agreement contains certain covenants that, among other things, restrict lien or encumbrance upon any of the pledged collateral. At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group was in compliance with all covenants under the Jefferies Group Secured Bank Loan.
At August 31, 2022, Jefferies Group's unsecured long-term debt has a weighted average maturity of approximately 10.0 years.
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Jefferies Group's long-term debt ratings at August 31, 2022 are as follows:
| Rating | Outlook | |||||||
| Moody's Investors Service | Baa2 | Stable | ||||||
| Standard and Poor's | BBB | Stable | ||||||
| Fitch Ratings (1) | BBB | Positive | ||||||
(1) On January 24, 2022, Fitch Ratings affirmed Jefferies Group's rating of BBB and revised its rating outlook from stable to positive.
Jefferies Group's access to external financing to finance its day to day operations, as well as the cost of that financing, is dependent upon various factors, including its debt ratings. Jefferies Group's current debt ratings are dependent upon many factors, including industry dynamics, operating and economic environment, operating results, operating margins, earnings trend and volatility, balance sheet composition, liquidity and liquidity management, capital structure, overall risk management, business diversification and market share and competitive position in the markets in which it operates. Deterioration in any of these factors could impact Jefferies Group's credit ratings. While certain aspects of a credit rating downgrade are quantifiable pursuant to contractual provisions, the impact on business and trading results in future periods is inherently uncertain and depends on a number of factors, including the magnitude of the downgrade, the behavior of individual clients and future mitigating action taken by us.
In connection with certain over-the-counter derivative contract arrangements and certain other trading arrangements, Jefferies Group may be required to provide additional collateral to counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations in the event of a credit rating downgrade. At August 31, 2022, the amount of additional collateral that could be called by counterparties, exchanges and clearing organizations under the terms of such agreements in the event of a downgrade of Jefferies Group's long-term credit rating below investment grade was $21.4 million. For certain foreign clearing organizations, credit rating is only one of several factors employed in determining collateral that could be called. The above represents management's best estimate for additional collateral to be called in the event of a credit rating downgrade. The impact of additional collateral requirements is considered in Jefferies Group's Contingency Funding Plan and calculation of Modeled Liquidity Outflow, as described above.
Ratings issued by credit rating agencies are subject to change at any time.
Net Capital
Jefferies Group operates a broker-dealer, Jefferies LLC, registered with the SEC and a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority ("FINRA"). Jefferies LLC is subject to the SEC Uniform Net Capital Rule ("Rule 15c3-1"), which requires the maintenance of minimum net capital and has elected to calculate minimum capital requirements using the alternative method permitted by Rule 15c3-1 in calculating net capital. Jefferies LLC, as a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and futures commission merchant ("FCM"), is also subject to Rule 1.17 of the CFTC, which sets forth minimum financial requirements. The minimum net capital requirement in determining excess net capital for a dually-registered U.S. broker-dealer and FCM is equal to the greater of the requirement under Rule 15c3-1 or CFTC Rule 1.17. FINRA is the designated examining authority for Jefferies LLC and the National Futures Association ("NFA") is the designated self-regulatory organization for Jefferies LLC as an FCM.
The Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the "Dodd-Frank Act") contains provisions that require the registration of all swap dealers, major swap participants, security-based swap dealers, and/or major security-based swap participants. One of Jefferies Group's subsidiaries, Jefferies Financial Services, Inc. ("JFSI"), a registered swap dealer, is subject to the CFTC's regulatory capital requirements and holds regulatory capital in excess of the minimum regulatory requirement. Additionally, JFSI is registered as a security-based swap dealer with the SEC and is subject to the SEC's security-based swap dealer regulatory rules. Further, JFSI is registered with the SEC as an OTC derivatives dealer, and is subject to compliance with the SEC's net capital requirements. As a security-based swap dealer and swap dealer, JFSI is subject to the net capital requirements of the SEC, CFTC and the NFA, as a member of the NFA. JFSI is required to maintain minimum net capital, as defined under SEC Rule 18a-1 of not less than the greater of 2% of the risk margin amount, as defined, or $20 million.
Jefferies LLC's net capital and excess net capital at August 31, 2022 were $1.17 billion and $1.07 billion, respectively. JFSI's net capital and excess net capital at August 31, 2022 were $321.2 million and $301.2 million, respectively.
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The net capital and excess net capital of Jefferies LLC at August 31, 2022 of $1.17 billion and $1.07 billion, respectively, reflects a decline in net capital and excess net capital of $709.9 million and $698.2 million, respectively, from net capital and excess net capital of $1.88 billion and $1.77 billion, respectively, at May 31, 2022. The decline in net capital and excess net capital is primarily attributed to an August 18, 2022 change in SEC regulatory requirements related to capital levels required for certain securities inventory of broker-dealers that became effective immediately upon issuance. While the capital levels have declined, management continues to believe that Jefferies LLC is adequately capitalized.
Certain other U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries of Jefferies Group are subject to capital adequacy requirements as prescribed by the regulatory authorities in their respective jurisdictions, including Jefferies International Limited which is subject to the regulatory supervision and requirements of the Financial Conduct Authority in the U.K.
The regulatory capital requirements referred to above may restrict Jefferies Group's ability to withdraw capital from its regulated subsidiaries.
Some of our other consolidated subsidiaries also have credit agreements which may restrict the payment of cash dividends, or the ability to make loans or advances to the parent company.
Other Developments
In February 2022, Russia invaded Ukraine. Following Russia's invasion, the U.S., the U.K., and the European Union governments, among others, developed coordinated financial and economic sanctions targeting Russia that, in various ways, constrain transactions with numerous Russian entities, including major Russian banks and individuals; transactions in Russian sovereign debt; and investment, trade and financing to, from, or in certain regions of Ukraine. We do not have any operations in Russia or any clients with significant Russian operations and we have minimal market risk related to securities of companies either domiciled or operating in Russia. We continue to monitor the status of trading and the credit risk of our counterparties and we believe that any loss we might incur will be immaterial.
On January 1, 2022, the publication of the one-week and two-month U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities and all non-U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities ceased and the remaining U.S. Dollar LIBOR maturities will cease immediately after June 30, 2023. We are a counterparty to a number of LIBOR-based contracts, with maturity dates subsequent to 2021, composed primarily of cleared derivative contracts and floating rate notes. We continue to make progress with our transition program to orderly transition from Interbank Offered Rates to alternative reference rates in accordance with industry timelines, which includes a policy that limits new agreements that reference U.S. Dollar LIBOR or non-U.S Dollar LIBOR, except as permitted under certain circumstances. Our transition plan is designed to enable operational readiness and robust risk management and we are taking steps to update operational processes, models and contracts for any changes that may be required as well as reduce our overall exposure to LIBOR. We are actively engaged with our counterparties to ensure that our contracts adhere to the International Swaps and Derivative Association, Inc. fallback protocol or are actively converted to alternative risk- free reference rates and are both educating and assisting our clients with the transition from and cessation of LIBOR.
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Off-Balance Sheet Risk
Jefferies Group has contractual commitments arising in the ordinary course of business for securities loaned or purchased under agreements to resell, repurchase agreements, future purchases and sales of foreign currencies, securities transactions on a when-issued basis and underwriting. Each of these financial instruments and activities contains varying degrees of off-balance sheet risk whereby the fair values of the securities underlying the financial instruments may be in excess of, or less than, the contract amount. The settlement of these transactions is not expected to have a material effect upon our consolidated financial statements.
In the normal course of business, we engage in other off-balance sheet arrangements, including derivative contracts. Neither derivatives' notional amounts nor underlying instrument values are reflected as assets or liabilities in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition. Rather, the fair values of derivative contracts are reported in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition as Financial instruments owned, at fair value, or Financial instruments sold, not yet purchased, at fair value, as applicable. Derivative contracts are reflected net of cash paid or received pursuant to credit support agreements and are reported on a net by counterparty basis when a legal right of offset exists under an enforceable master netting agreement.
Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information
This report contains or incorporates by reference "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the safe harbor provisions of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Forward-looking statements include statements about our future and statements that are not historical facts. These forward-looking statements are usually preceded by the words "will," "could," "estimates," "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "plans," "intends" and variations of such words or similar expressions. Forward-looking statements may contain expectations regarding revenues, earnings, operations and other results, and may include statements of future performance, plans and objectives. Forward-looking statements include statements pertaining to our strategies for future development of our businesses and products. Forward-looking statements represent only our belief regarding future events, many of which by their nature are inherently uncertain. Future events and actual results could differ, possibly materially, from the anticipated results indicated in these forward-looking statements. Information regarding important factors that could cause actual results to differ, perhaps materially, from those in our forward-looking statements is contained in this report and other documents we file. You should read and interpret any forward-looking statement together with these documents, including the following:
•The description of our business and risk factors contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021 and filed with the SEC on January 28, 2022 (the "2021 10-K");
•The discussion and analysis of financial condition and result of operations contained in this report under the caption "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" herein;
•The notes to the consolidated financial statements in this report; and
•Cautionary statements we make in our public documents, reports and announcements.
Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which that statement is made. We will not update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances that occur after the date on which the statement is made, except as required by applicable law.
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Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
The following includes "forward-looking statements" that involve risk and uncertainties. See "Cautionary Statement for Forward-Looking Information" above. Actual results could differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements. The discussion of risk is presented separately for Jefferies Group and the balance of our company. Exclusive of Jefferies Group, our market risk arises principally from equity price risk. Information related thereto required under this Item is contained in Item 7A in our 2021 10-K, and is incorporated by reference herein.
Excluding Jefferies Group, Financial instruments owned, at fair value include corporate equity securities with an aggregate fair value of $210.1 million at August 31, 2022. Assuming a decline of 10% in market prices, the value of these investments could decrease by approximately $21.0 million.
Jefferies Group
Overview
Risk is an inherent part of our business and activities. The extent to which we properly and effectively identify, assess, monitor and manage each of the various types of risk involved in our activities is critical to our financial soundness, viability and profitability. Accordingly, we have a comprehensive risk management approach, with a formal governance structure and policies outlining frameworks and processes to identify, assess, monitor and manage risk. Principal risks involved in our business activities include market, credit, liquidity and capital, operational, legal and compliance, new business and reputational risk.
Risk management is a multifaceted process that requires communication, judgment and knowledge of financial products and markets. Our risk management process encompasses the active involvement of executive and senior management, and also many departments independent of the revenue-producing business units, including Jefferies Group's Risk Management, Operations, Information Technology, Compliance, Legal and Finance Departments. Our risk management policies, procedures and methodologies are flexible in nature and are subject to ongoing review and modification.
In achieving our strategic business objectives, our risk appetite incorporates keeping our clients' interests as top priority and ensuring we are in compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations, as well as adhering to the highest ethical standards. We undertake prudent risk-taking that protects the capital base and franchise, utilizing risk limits and tolerances that avoid outsized risk-taking. We maintain a diversified business mix and avoid significant concentrations to any sector, product, geography, or activity and set quantitative concentration limits to manage this risk. We consider contagion, second order effects and correlation in our risk assessment process and actively seek out value opportunities of all sizes. We manage the risk of opportunities larger than our approved risk levels through risk sharing and risk distribution, sell-down and hedging, as appropriate. We have a limited appetite for illiquid assets and complex derivative financial instruments. We maintain the asset quality of our balance sheet through conducting trading activity in liquid markets and generally ensure high turnover of our inventory. We subject less liquid positions and derivative financial instruments to particular scrutiny and use a wide variety of specific metrics, limits, and constraints to manage these risks. We protect our reputation and franchise, as well as our standing within the market. We operate a federated approach to risk management and assign risk oversight responsibilities to a number of functions with specific areas of focus.
For a discussion of liquidity and capital risk management, refer to the "Liquidity and Capital Resources" section herein.
Governance and Risk Management Structure
For a discussion of our governance and risk management structure and our risk management framework, see "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Risk Management" in Part II, Item 7 of the 2021 10-K.
Risk Considerations
We apply a comprehensive framework of limits on a variety of key metrics to constrain the risk profile of our business activities. The size of the limits reflects our risk appetite for a certain activity under normal business conditions. Key metrics included in our risk management framework include inventory position and exposure limits on a gross and net basis, scenario analysis and stress tests, Value-at-Risk ("VaR"), sensitivities, exposure concentrations, aged inventory, Level 3 assets, counterparty exposure, leverage and cash capital.
Market Risk
Market risk is defined as the risk of loss due to fluctuations in the market value of financial assets and liabilities attributable to changes in market variables.
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Our market risk principally arises from interest rate risk, from exposure to changes in the yield curve, the volatility of interest rates, and credit spreads, and from equity price risks from exposure to changes in prices and volatilities of individual equities, equity baskets and equity indices. In addition, commodity price risk results from exposure to the changes in prices and volatilities of individual commodities, commodity baskets and commodity indices, and foreign exchange risk results from changes in foreign currency rates.
Market risk is present in our capital markets business through market-making, proprietary trading, underwriting, and investing activities, and is present in our asset management business through investments in separately managed accounts and direct investments in funds. Given our involvement in a broad set of financial products and markets, market risk exposures are diversified, and economic hedges are established as appropriate.
Market risk is monitored and managed through a set of key risk metrics such as VaR, stress scenarios, risk sensitivities and position exposures. Limits are set on the key risk metrics to monitor and control the risk exposure ensuring that it is in line with our risk appetite. Our risk appetite, including the market risk limits, is periodically reviewed to reflect business strategy and market environment. Material risk changes, top/emerging risks and limit utilizations/breaches are highlighted, through risk reporting, and escalated as necessary.
Trading is principally managed through front office trader mandates, where each trader is provided a specific mandate in line with our product registry. Mandates set out the activities, currencies, countries and products that the desk is permitted to trade in and set the limits applicable to the desk. Traders are responsible for knowing their trading limits and trading in a manner consistent with their mandate.
Value-at-Risk
VaR is a statistical estimate of the potential loss from adverse market movements over a specified time horizon within a specified probability (confidence level). It provides a common risk measure across financial instruments, markets and asset classes. We estimate VaR using a model that simulates revenue and loss distributions on Jefferies Group's trading portfolios by applying historical market changes to the current portfolio. Jefferies Group calculates a one day VaR using a one year look-back period measured at a 95% confidence level.
As with all measures of VaR, the estimate has inherent limitations due to the assumption that historical changes in market conditions are representative of the future. Furthermore, the VaR model measures the risk of a current static position over a one day horizon and might not capture the market risk over a longer time horizon where moves may be more extreme. Previous changes in market risk factors may not generate accurate predictions of future market movements. While we believe the assumptions and inputs in our risk model are reasonable, we could incur losses greater than the reported VaR. Consequently, this VaR estimate is only one of a number of tools we use in our daily risk management activities.
The table below shows firmwide VaR for each component of market risk by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):
| Daily Firmwide VaR (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk Categories | VaR at August 31, 2022 | Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2022 | VaR at May 31, 2022 | Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | High | Low | Average | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rates and Credit Spreads | $ | 8.04 | $ | 5.03 | $ | 8.04 | $ | 3.63 | $ | 6.19 | $ | 6.05 | $ | 8.52 | $ | 4.41 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Prices | 4.06 | 7.08 | 17.59 | 3.97 | 8.57 | 8.73 | 13.65 | 6.09 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency Rates | 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.08 | 0.02 | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity Prices | 0.17 | 0.25 | 0.55 | 0.11 | 0.48 | 0.49 | 0.83 | 0.29 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diversification Effect (2) | (2.33) | (2.81) | N/A | N/A | (5.52) | (3.48) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Firmwide VaR (3) | $ | 9.96 | $ | 9.60 | $ | 18.94 | $ | 5.90 | $ | 9.75 | $ | 11.84 | $ | 18.41 | $ | 8.37 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For the firmwide VaR numbers reported above, a one day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.
(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as Jefferies Group's firmwide VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.
(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit
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equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.
The table below shows VaR for our capital markets trading activities, which excludes the impact on VaR for each component of market risk from our asset management activities by interest rate and credit spreads, equity, currency and commodity products using the past 365 days of historical data (in millions):
| Daily Capital Markets VaR (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Risk Categories | VaR at August 31, 2022 | Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended August 31, 2022 | VaR at May 31, 2022 | Daily VaR for the Three Months Ended May 31, 2022 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Average | High | Low | Average | High | Low | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Interest Rates and Credit Spreads | $ | 6.96 | $ | 4.68 | $ | 7.29 | $ | 3.20 | $ | 6.16 | $ | 5.80 | $ | 8.03 | $ | 4.46 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Equity Prices | 5.68 | 8.26 | 19.01 | 5.20 | 7.19 | 9.07 | 18.71 | 6.06 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Currency Rates | — | 0.03 | 0.09 | — | 0.03 | 0.05 | 0.07 | 0.03 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Commodity Prices | — | — | — | — | — | 0.05 | 0.19 | — | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Diversification Effect (2) | (3.79) | (4.75) | N/A | N/A | (5.44) | (5.04) | N/A | N/A | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Capital Markets VaR (3) | $ | 8.85 | $ | 8.22 | $ | 19.56 | $ | 4.78 | $ | 7.94 | $ | 9.93 | $ | 16.83 | $ | 7.81 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
(1)For the capital markets VaR numbers reported above, a one day time horizon, with a one year look-back period, and a 95% confidence level were used.
(2)The diversification effect is not applicable for the maximum and minimum VaR values as Jefferies Group's capital markets VaR and the VaR values for the four risk categories might have occurred on different days during the period.
(3)The aggregated VaR presented here is less than the sum of the individual components (i.e., interest rate risk, foreign exchange rate risk, equity risk and commodity price risk) due to the benefit of diversification among the four risk categories. Diversification benefit equals the difference between aggregated VaR and the sum of VaRs for the four risk categories and arises because the market risk categories are not perfectly correlated.
Our average daily firmwide VaR decreased to $9.60 million for the third quarter of 2022 from $11.84 million for the second quarter of 2022. The decrease was primarily driven by reduced risk exposure and defensive positioning across all businesses.
The efficacy of the VaR model is tested by comparing the actual daily net revenues for those positions included in VaR calculation with the daily VaR estimate. This evaluation is performed at various levels, from the overall level down to specific business lines. For the VaR model, revenue is defined as principal transactions revenues, trading related commissions, revenue from securitization activities and net interest income. VaR backtesting methodologies differ for regulated entities with approved capital models.
For a 95% confidence one day VaR model (i.e., no intra-day trading), assuming current changes in market value are consistent with the historical changes used in the calculation, losses would not be expected to exceed the VaR estimates more than twelve times on an annual basis (i.e., once in every 20 days). During the third quarter of 2022, there was one day when the aggregate net trading loss exceeded the 95% one day VaR.
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The chart below shows our daily firmwide VaR and capital markets VaR over the last four quarters. The uptick in VaR towards the end of November 2021 until early January 2022 was driven by increased equity exposure. The drop in VaR from January to end of February 2022 was driven by exposure reductions in response to market volatility driven by inflation, rate hike expectations and Russia's invasion of Ukraine. The VaR increase in early March 2022 was driven by higher equity exposure, which was subsequently reduced. VaR trended lower from June 2022 to the middle of 2022, driven by defensive positioning. The temporary increase in VaR during July 2022 was driven by a block trade which was subsequently reduced.
Daily Net Trading Revenue
There were nine days with firmwide trading losses out of a total of 64 trading days in the third quarter of 2022. The histogram below presents the distribution of Jefferies Group's actual daily net trading revenue for substantially all of its trading activities for the third quarter of 2022 (in millions):
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Other Risk Measures
Sensitivity analysis is viewed as the most appropriate measure of risks for certain positions within financial instruments and therefore such positions are not included in the VaR model. Accordingly, Jefferies Group Risk Management has additional procedures in place to assure that the level of potential loss that would arise from market movements are within acceptable levels. Such procedures include performing stress tests and profit and loss analysis. The table below presents the potential reduction in net income associated with a 10% stress of the fair value of Jefferies Group's positions that are not included in the VaR model at August 31, 2022 (in thousands):
| 10% Sensitivity | |||||
| Investment in funds (1) | $ | 129,952 | |||
| Private investments | 21,955 | ||||
| Corporate debt securities in default | 7,579 | ||||
| Trade claims | 1,803 | ||||
(1) Includes investments in hedge funds, fund of funds and private equity funds. For additional details on these investments, see Note 3 in our consolidated financial statements.
VaR also excludes the impact of changes in Jefferies Group's own credit spreads on its structured notes for which the fair value option was elected. The estimated credit spread risk sensitivity for each one basis point widening in Jefferies Group's own credit spreads on financial liabilities for which the fair value option was elected was an increase in value of approximately $1.4 million at August 31, 2022, which is included in Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
Stress Tests and Scenario Analysis
Stress tests are used to analyze the potential impact of specific events or extreme market moves on the current portfolio both firmwide and within business segments. Stress testing is an important part of our risk management approach because it allows us to quantify our exposure to tail risks, highlight potential loss concentrations, undertake risk/reward analysis, set risk controls and overall assess and mitigate our risk.
We employ a range of stress scenarios, which comprise both historical market price and rate changes and hypothetical market environments, and generally involve simultaneous changes of many risk factors. Indicative market changes in our scenarios include, but are not limited to, a large widening of credit spreads, a substantial decline in equities markets, significant moves in selected emerging markets, large moves in interest rates and changes in the shape of the yield curve.
Unlike VaR, which measures potential losses within a given confidence interval, stress scenarios do not have an associated implied probability. Rather, stress testing is used to estimate the potential loss from market moves that tend to be larger than those embedded in the VaR calculation. Stress testing complements VaR to cover for potential limitations of VaR such as the breakdown in correlations, non-linear risks, tail risk and extreme events and capturing market moves beyond the confidence levels assumed in the VaR calculations.
Stress testing is performed and reported at least weekly as part of our risk management process and on an ad hoc basis in response to market events or concerns. Current stress tests provide estimated revenue and loss of the current portfolio through a range of both historical and hypothetical events. The stress scenarios are reviewed and assessed at least annually so that they remain relevant and up to date with market developments. Additional hypothetical scenarios are also conducted on a sub-portfolio basis to assess the impact of any relevant idiosyncratic stress events as needed.
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Counterparty Credit Risk
Credit risk is the risk of loss due to adverse changes in a counterparty's credit worthiness or its ability or willingness to meet its financial obligations in accordance with the terms and conditions of a financial contract.
We are exposed to credit risk as a trading counterparty to other broker-dealers and customers, as a counterparty to derivative contracts, as a direct lender and through extending loan commitments and providing securities-based lending and as a member of exchanges and clearing organizations. Credit exposure exists across a wide-range of products, including cash and cash equivalents, loans, securities finance transactions and over-the-counter derivative contracts. The main sources of our credit risk are:
•Loans and lending arising in connection with our investment banking and capital markets activities, which reflects our exposure at risk on a default event with no recovery of loans. Current exposure represents loans that have been drawn by the borrower and lending commitments that are outstanding. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling traded loans are included within our loans and lending exposures for consistency with the balance sheet categorization of these items. Loans and lending also arise in connection with our portion of Jefferies Group's Secured Revolving Credit Facility that is with Jefferies Group and Massachusetts Mutual Life Insurance Company, to be funded equally, to support loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance. See Note 8 for additional information on this facility. In addition, Jefferies Group has loans outstanding to certain officers and employees (none of whom are executive officers or directors). See Note 21 for additional information on these employee loans.
•Securities and margin financing transactions, which reflect our credit exposure arising from reverse repurchase agreements, repurchase agreements and securities lending agreements to the extent the fair value of the underlying collateral differs from the contractual agreement amount and from margin provided to customers.
•Over-the-counter derivatives, which are reported net by counterparty when a legal right of setoff exists under an enforceable master netting agreement. Over-the-counter derivative exposure is based on a contract at fair value, net of cash collateral received or posted under credit support agreements. In addition, credit exposures on forward settling trades are included within derivative credit exposures.
•Cash and cash equivalents, which include both interest-bearing and non-interest-bearing deposits at banks.
Credit is extended to counterparties in a controlled manner and in order to generate acceptable returns, whether such credit is granted directly or is incidental to a transaction. All extensions of credit are monitored and managed as a whole to limit exposure to loss related to credit risk. Credit risk is managed according to the Credit Risk Management Policy, which sets out the process for identifying counterparty credit risk, establishing counterparty limits, and managing and monitoring credit limits. The policy includes our approach for:
•Client on-boarding and approving counterparty credit limits;
•Negotiating, approving and monitoring credit terms in legal and master documentation;
•Determining the analytical standards and risk parameters for ongoing management and monitoring credit risk books;
•Actively managing daily exposure, exceptions and breaches; and
•Monitoring daily margin call activity and counterparty performance.
Counterparty credit exposure limits are granted within our credit ratings framework, as detailed in the Credit Risk Management Policy. Jefferies Group's Credit Risk Department assesses counterparty credit risk and sets credit limits at the counterparty master agreement level. Limits must be approved by appropriate credit officers and initiated in our credit and trading systems before trading commences. All credit exposures are reviewed against approved limits on a daily basis.
Jefferies Group's Secured Revolving Credit Facility, which supports loan underwritings by Jefferies Finance, is governed under separate policies other than the Credit Risk Management Policy and is approved by Jefferies Group's Board of Directors. The loans outstanding to certain of Jefferies Group's officers and employees are extended pursuant to a review by its most senior management.
Current counterparty credit exposures are summarized in the tables below and provided by credit quality, region and industry. Credit exposures presented take netting and collateral into consideration by counterparty and master agreement. Collateral taken into consideration includes both collateral received as cash as well as collateral received in the form of securities or other arrangements. Current exposure is the loss that would be incurred on a particular set of positions in the event of default by the counterparty, assuming no recovery. Current exposure equals the fair value of the positions less collateral. Issuer risk is the credit risk arising from inventory positions (for example, corporate debt securities and secondary bank loans). Issuer risk is included in our country risk exposure tables below.
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The amounts in the tables below are for amounts included in the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition at August 31, 2022 and November 30, 2021 (in millions).
| Counterparty Credit Exposure by Credit Rating | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and Lending | Securities and Margin Finance | OTC Derivatives | Total | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At | At | At | At | At | At | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AAA Range | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4.4 | $ | 0.8 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4.4 | $ | 0.8 | $ | 6,397.9 | $ | 6,924.9 | $ | 6,402.3 | $ | 6,925.7 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| AA Range | 70.3 | 60.0 | 83.5 | 111.7 | 6.3 | 13.0 | 160.1 | 184.7 | 4.2 | 5.1 | 164.3 | 189.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| A Range | 0.9 | 0.4 | 486.0 | 530.4 | 177.9 | 338.0 | 664.8 | 868.8 | 1,400.0 | 1,869.4 | 2,064.8 | 2,738.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BBB Range | 250.0 | 250.3 | 131.9 | 170.9 | 32.6 | 37.2 | 414.5 | 458.4 | 9.0 | 0.8 | 423.5 | 459.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| BB or Lower | 40.8 | 40.0 | 9.4 | 11.4 | 11.7 | 71.0 | 61.9 | 122.4 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 62.0 | 122.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Unrated | 215.6 | 164.2 | — | — | — | — | 215.6 | 164.2 | 1.8 | 13.3 | 217.4 | 177.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 577.6 | $ | 514.9 | $ | 715.2 | $ | 825.2 | $ | 228.5 | $ | 459.2 | $ | 1,521.3 | $ | 1,799.3 | $ | 7,813.0 | $ | 8,813.6 | $ | 9,334.3 | $ | 10,612.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Counterparty Credit Exposure by Region | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and Lending | Securities and Margin Finance | OTC Derivatives | Total | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At | At | At | At | At | At | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Asia/Latin America/Other | $ | 15.8 | $ | 14.9 | $ | 49.8 | $ | 63.7 | $ | 18.0 | $ | 0.9 | $ | 83.6 | $ | 79.5 | $ | 248.7 | $ | 268.1 | $ | 332.3 | $ | 347.6 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Europe | 1.1 | 0.3 | 199.7 | 300.8 | 11.5 | 66.4 | 212.3 | 367.5 | 32.8 | 57.0 | 245.1 | 424.5 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| North America | 560.7 | 499.7 | 465.7 | 460.7 | 199.0 | 391.9 | 1,225.4 | 1,352.3 | 7,531.5 | 8,488.5 | 8,756.9 | 9,840.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 577.6 | $ | 514.9 | $ | 715.2 | $ | 825.2 | $ | 228.5 | $ | 459.2 | $ | 1,521.3 | $ | 1,799.3 | $ | 7,813.0 | $ | 8,813.6 | $ | 9,334.3 | $ | 10,612.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Counterparty Credit Exposure by Industry | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Loans and Lending | Securities and Margin Finance | OTC Derivatives | Total | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Total with Cash and Cash Equivalents | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| At | At | At | At | At | At | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | August 31, 2022 | November 30, 2021 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Asset Managers | $ | 20.9 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 12.0 | $ | — | $ | 32.9 | $ | — | $ | 6,397.9 | $ | 6,924.9 | $ | 6,430.8 | $ | 6,924.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Banks, Broker-dealers | 251.2 | 250.7 | 463.8 | 602.9 | 203.7 | 388.9 | 918.7 | 1,242.5 | 1,415.1 | 1,888.7 | 2,333.8 | 3,131.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Corporates | 196.3 | 158.2 | — | — | 11.5 | 68.0 | 207.8 | 226.2 | — | — | 207.8 | 226.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| As Agent Banks | — | — | 180.8 | 185.2 | — | — | 180.8 | 185.2 | — | — | 180.8 | 185.2 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Other | 109.2 | 106.0 | 70.6 | 37.1 | 1.3 | 2.3 | 181.1 | 145.4 | — | — | 181.1 | 145.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 577.6 | $ | 514.9 | $ | 715.2 | $ | 825.2 | $ | 228.5 | $ | 459.2 | $ | 1,521.3 | $ | 1,799.3 | $ | 7,813.0 | $ | 8,813.6 | $ | 9,334.3 | $ | 10,612.9 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
For additional information regarding credit exposure to over-the-counter derivative contracts, see Note 4 in the consolidated financial statements.
Country Risk Exposure
Country risk is the risk that events or developments that occur in the general environment of a country or countries due to economic, political, social, regulatory, legal or other factors, will affect the ability of obligors of the country to honor their obligations. We define the country of risk as the country of jurisdiction or domicile of the obligor, and monitor country risk resulting from both trading positions and counterparty exposure, which may not include the offsetting benefit of any financial instruments utilized to manage market risk.
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The following tables reflect our top exposure to the sovereign governments, corporations and financial institutions in those non-U.S. countries in which we have a net long issuer and counterparty exposure (in millions):
| August 31, 2022 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuer Risk | Counterparty Risk | Issuer and Counterparty Risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Long Debt Securities | Fair Value of Short Debt Securities | Net Derivative Notional Exposure | Loans and Lending | Securities and Margin Finance | OTC Derivatives | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Excluding Cash and Cash Equivalents | Including Cash and Cash Equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | $ | 198.6 | $ | (93.9) | $ | (61.9) | $ | — | $ | 67.5 | $ | 153.3 | $ | 1.8 | $ | 263.6 | $ | 265.4 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 854.7 | (352.9) | (343.9) | 1.1 | 9.8 | 7.0 | 23.0 | 175.8 | 198.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong | 32.5 | (57.5) | 0.7 | — | 0.9 | — | 167.6 | (23.4) | 144.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| France | 348.8 | (260.5) | (44.2) | — | 77.4 | — | — | 121.5 | 121.5 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Germany | 314.1 | (238.5) | (46.7) | — | 60.3 | 1.4 | 6.8 | 90.6 | 97.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Luxembourg | 86.1 | (26.9) | 1.4 | — | 2.2 | — | — | 62.8 | 62.8 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 100.4 | (87.8) | 1.2 | — | 20.2 | 5.8 | 16.3 | 39.8 | 56.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Switzerland | 125.6 | (99.7) | 3.1 | — | 22.5 | 2.6 | 0.8 | 54.1 | 54.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | 196.4 | (123.6) | (18.1) | — | — | — | — | 54.7 | 54.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Belgium | 144.9 | (90.6) | — | — | — | — | — | 54.3 | 54.3 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,402.1 | $ | (1,431.9) | $ | (508.4) | $ | 1.1 | $ | 260.8 | $ | 170.1 | $ | 216.3 | $ | 893.8 | $ | 1,110.1 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| November 30, 2021 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Issuer Risk | Counterparty Risk | Issuer and Counterparty Risk | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fair Value of Long Debt Securities | Fair Value of Short Debt Securities | Net Derivative Notional Exposure | Loans and Lending | Securities and Margin Finance | OTC Derivatives | Cash and Cash Equivalents | Excluding Cash and Cash Equivalents | Including Cash and Cash Equivalents | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Canada | $ | 196.4 | $ | (94.2) | $ | 1.3 | $ | — | $ | 63.1 | $ | 259.5 | $ | 1.7 | $ | 426.1 | $ | 427.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| United Kingdom | 570.6 | (350.1) | (1.4) | 0.3 | 68.9 | 24.9 | 26.7 | 313.2 | 339.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Hong Kong | 27.9 | (18.3) | (1.8) | — | 2.5 | — | 160.6 | 10.3 | 170.9 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Japan | 247.3 | (205.4) | (3.1) | — | 18.3 | 0.1 | 51.4 | 57.2 | 108.6 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spain | 191.4 | (111.8) | (0.1) | — | 25.3 | 0.3 | — | 105.1 | 105.1 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Australia | 134.1 | (78.5) | 0.6 | — | 25.5 | — | 7.5 | 81.7 | 89.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Netherlands | 220.2 | (142.0) | 0.7 | — | 3.9 | 0.1 | 1.3 | 82.9 | 84.2 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Switzerland | 97.3 | (67.6) | 3.5 | — | 40.3 | 2.5 | 2.7 | 76.0 | 78.7 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| France | 210.7 | (201.7) | (59.5) | — | 99.6 | 26.9 | — | 76.0 | 76.0 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| China | 458.4 | (356.9) | (34.1) | — | — | — | — | 67.4 | 67.4 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Total | $ | 2,354.3 | $ | (1,626.5) | $ | (93.9) | $ | 0.3 | $ | 347.4 | $ | 314.3 | $ | 251.9 | $ | 1,295.9 | $ | 1,547.8 | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Operational Risk
Operational risk is the risk of financial or non-financial impact, resulting from inadequate or failed internal processes, people and systems or from external events. We interpret this definition as including not only financial loss or gain but also other negative impacts to our objectives such as reputational impact, legal/regulatory impact and impact on our clients. Third-party risk is also included as a subset of Operational Risk and is defined as the potential threat presented to us, or our employees or clients, from our supply chain and other third-parties used to perform a process, service or activity on our behalf.
Our Operational Risk framework includes governance as well as operational risk processes, which is comprised of operational risk event capture and analysis, risk and control self-assessments, operational risk key indicators, action tracking, risk monitoring and reporting, deep dive risk assessments, new business approvals and vendor risk management. Each revenue producing and support department is responsible for the management and reporting of operational risks and the implementation of the Operational Risk Management Policy and processes within the department with regular operational risk training provided to our employees.
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Operational Risk events are mapped to Risk Categories used for the consistent classification of risk data to support root cause and trend analysis, which include:
• Fraud and Theft;
• Clients and Business Practices;
• Market Conduct/Regulatory Compliance;
• Business Disruption;
• Technology;
• Data Protection and Privacy;
• Trading;
• Transaction and Process Management;
• People;
• Cyber; and
• Vendor Risk.
Operational Risk Management Policy, framework, infrastructure, methodology, processes, guidance and oversight of the operational risk processes are centralized and consistent firm wide and additionally subject to regional and legal entity operational risk governance as required. We also maintain a firm wide Third-Party ("Vendor") Risk Management Policy & Framework to ensure adequate control and monitoring over our critical third parties which includes processes for conducting periodic reviews covering areas of risk including financial health, information security, privacy, business continuity management, disaster recovery and operational risk.
Our leadership continuously monitors circumstances around COVID-19 and provides as-needed communications to both our clients and our employees to keep them fully abreast of our policies and protocols. We follow local and federal guidelines to ensure the safety of our people and clients, and operate effectively with a hybrid working environment across all functions with no disruptions to our business or control processes. As the incidence of COVID-19 decreases, our employees have returned to our offices in numbers matching pre-COVID-19 attendance levels.
Model Risk
Model risk refers to the risk of losses resulting from decisions that are based on the output of models, due to errors or weaknesses in the design and development, implementation, or improper use of models. We use quantitative models primarily to value certain financial assets and liabilities and to monitor and manage our risk. Model risk is a function of the model materiality, frequency of use, complexity and uncertainty around inputs and assumptions used in a given model. Robust model risk management is a core part of our risk management approach and is overseen through our risk governance structure and risk management controls.
Legal and Compliance Risk
Legal and compliance risk includes the risk of noncompliance with applicable legal and regulatory requirements. We are subject to extensive regulation in the different jurisdictions in which we conduct our business. We have various procedures addressing issues such as regulatory capital requirements, sales and trading practices, use of and safekeeping of customer funds, credit granting, collection activities, anti-money laundering and record keeping. These risks also reflect the potential impact that changes in local and international laws and tax statutes have on the economics and viability of current or future transactions. In an effort to mitigate these risks, we continuously review new and pending regulations and legislation and participate in various industry interest groups. We also maintain an anonymous hotline for employees or others to report suspected inappropriate actions by us or by our employees or agents.
New Business Risk
New business risk refers to the risks of entering into a new line of business or offering a new product. By entering a new line of business or offering a new product, we may face risks that we are unaccustomed to dealing with and may increase the magnitude of the risks we currently face. The New Business Committee reviews proposals for new businesses and new products to determine if we are prepared to handle the additional or increased risks associated with entering into such activities.
Reputational Risk
We recognize that maintaining our reputation among clients, investors, regulators and the general public is an important aspect of minimizing legal and operational risks. Maintaining our reputation depends on a large number of factors, including the selection of our clients and the conduct of our business activities. We seek to maintain our reputation by screening potential clients and by conducting our business activities in accordance with high ethical standards. Our reputation and business activity can be affected by statements and actions of third-parties, even false or misleading statements by them. We actively monitor public comment concerning us and are vigilant in seeking to assure accurate information and perception prevails.
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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.
Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures
The Company's management evaluated, with the participation of the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers, the effectiveness of the Company's disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act")), as of August 31, 2022. Based on their evaluation, the Company's principal executive and principal financial officers concluded that the Company's disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of August 31, 2022.
Changes in internal control over financial reporting
There has been no change in the Company's internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the Company's fiscal quarter ended August 31, 2022, that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II – OTHER INFORMATION
Item 1. Legal Proceedings.
The information set forth in response to this Item 1 is incorporated by reference from the "Contingencies" section in Note 18, Commitments, Contingencies and Guarantees, in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in Item 1 of Part I of this Quarterly Report, which is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Information regarding our risk factors appears in Item 1A. of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended November 30, 2021. These risk factors describe some of the assumptions, risks, uncertainties and other factors that could adversely affect our business or that could otherwise result in changes that differ materially from our expectations. The following risk factor is an update to our previously disclosed risk factor and should be considered in conjunction with the Risk Factors section in our Form 10-K for the fiscal year, filed with the SEC on January 28, 2022.
We may incur losses as a result of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, cybersecurity incidents and events, terrorist attacks, war, trade policies, military conflict, climate-related incidents, or other natural disasters. The occurrence of unforeseen or catastrophic events, including the emergence of a pandemic, such as COVID-19, or other widespread health emergency (or concerns over the possibility of such an emergency), cybersecurity incidents and events, terrorist attacks, war, trade policies, military conflict, extreme climate-related incidents or events or other natural disasters, could create economic and financial disruptions, and could lead to operational difficulties (including travel limitations) that could impair our ability to manage our businesses. For instance, military conflict and escalating tensions between Russia and Ukraine could result in geopolitical instability and adversely affect the global economy or specific markets, which could have an adverse impact or cause volatility in the financial services industry generally or on our results of operations and financial conditions.
Item 2. Unregistered Sale of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.
(c) Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table presents information on our purchases of our common shares during the third quarter of 2022 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):
| (a) Total Number of Shares Purchased | (b) Average Price Paid per Share | (c) Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs | (d) Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs (1) | ||||||||||||||||||||
| June 1, 2022 to June 30, 2022 | — | $ | — | — | $ | 250,000 | |||||||||||||||||
| July 1, 2022 to July 31, 2022 | 2,911,000 | $ | 31.37 | 2,911,000 | $ | 158,686 | |||||||||||||||||
| August 1, 2022 to August 31, 2022 | 759,594 | $ | 32.96 | 759,594 | $ | 133,650 | |||||||||||||||||
| Total | 3,670,594 | 3,670,594 | |||||||||||||||||||||
(1) In June 2022, having completed the repurchase of shares under the previous authorization, the Board of Directors approved an additional share repurchase authorization of $250.0 million. At August 31, 2022, we had $133.7 million remaining authorization of future repurchases. In September 2022, the Board of Directors increased the share repurchase authorization by $145.9 million back to a total of $250.0 million.
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| Item 6. | Exhibits. | ||||
See Exhibit Index.
Exhibit Index
| 10.1 | |||||
| 31.1 | |||||
| 31.2 | |||||
| 32.1 | |||||
| 32.2 | |||||
| 101 | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Jefferies Financial Group Inc. for the quarter ended August 31, 2022, formatted in Inline Extensible Business Reporting Language (iXBRL): (i) the Consolidated Statements of Financial Condition, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements. | ||||
| 104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in iXBRL (included in Exhibit 101). | ||||
+ Management/Employment Contract or Compensatory Plan or Arrangement.
* Incorporated by reference.
** Furnished herewith pursuant to item 601(b) (32) of Regulation S-K.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
| JEFFERIES FINANCIAL GROUP INC. | |||||||||||
| (Registrant) | |||||||||||
| Date: October 7, 2022 | By: | /s/ John M. Dalton | |||||||||
| Name: John M. Dalton | |||||||||||
| Title: Vice President and Controller | |||||||||||
| (Duly Authorized Officer and Chief Accounting Officer) | |||||||||||
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