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mro:ShareRepurchaseProgramMember 2019-12-31 0000101778 2018-11-30 iso4217:USD xbrli:pure xbrli:shares iso4217:USD xbrli:shares mro:acquisition utreg:acre iso4217:USD utreg:MMBTU mro:segment mro:project iso4217:USD utreg:bbl mro:MMBTU_per_day mro:Bbls_per_day iso4217:GBP
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the Fiscal Year Ended
December 31, 2019
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the transition period from _____ to _____
 
Commission file number
1-1513
MRO_LOGOB20.JPG
Marathon Oil Corporation
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware
 
25-0996816
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
5555 San Felipe Street, Houston, Texas 77056-2723
(Address of principal executive offices)
(713) 629-6600
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class
 
Trading Symbol
 
Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00
 
MRO
 
New York Stock Exchange
 Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.  Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.  Yes  o No  þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15 (d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).  Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer
þ
Accelerated filer
o  
Non-accelerated filer
o   
 
 
Smaller reporting company
Emerging growth company
 
 

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. o    
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act).  Yes  No   þ
The aggregate market value of Common Stock held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2019: $11,398 million. This amount is based on the closing price of the registrant’s Common Stock on the New York Stock Exchange on that date. Shares of Common Stock held by executive officers and directors of the registrant are not included in the computation. The registrant, solely for the purpose of this required presentation, has deemed its directors and executive officers to be affiliates.
There were 795,849,999 shares of Marathon Oil Corporation Common Stock outstanding as of February 14, 2020.
Documents Incorporated By Reference:
Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement relating to its 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are incorporated by reference to the extent set forth in Part III, Items 10-14 of this report.



MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Unless the context otherwise indicates, references to “Marathon Oil,” “we,” “our” or “us” in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are references to Marathon Oil Corporation, including its wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, and its ownership interests in equity method investees (corporate entities, partnerships, limited liability companies and other ventures over which Marathon Oil exerts significant influence by virtue of its ownership interest).
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Definitions
Throughout this report, the following company or industry specific terms and abbreviations are used.
AMPCO – Atlantic Methanol Production Company LLC, a company located in Equatorial Guinea in which we own a 45% equity interest.
AMT – Alternative minimum tax.
AOSP – Athabasca Oil Sands Project, an oil sands mining, transportation and upgrading joint venture located in Alberta, Canada, in which we held a 20% non-operated working interest.
bbl – One stock tank barrel, which is 42 United States gallons liquid volume.
boe – Barrels of oil equivalent.
btu – British thermal unit, an energy equivalence measure.
BLM – Bureau of Land Management.
Capital Budget – Includes capital expenditures, cash investments in equity method investees and other investments, exploration costs that are expensed as incurred rather than capitalized, such as geological and geophysical costs and certain staff costs, and other miscellaneous investment expenditures.
CWA – Clean Water Act.
Development Capital Budget – Includes expenditures, investments and costs associated with the Capital Budget excluding resource play exploration (“REx”).
DD&A – Depreciation, depletion and amortization.
Development well – A well drilled within the proved area of an oil or natural gas reservoir to the depth of a stratigraphic horizon known to be productive.
Dry well – A well found to be incapable of producing either oil or natural gas in sufficient quantities to justify completion as an oil or gas well.
E.G. – Equatorial Guinea.
EGHoldings – Equatorial Guinea LNG Holdings Limited, a liquefied natural gas production company located in E.G. in which we own a 60% equity interest.
EPA – United States Environmental Protection Agency.
Exploratory well – A well drilled to find oil or natural gas in an unproved area or find a new reservoir in a field previously found to be productive in another reservoir.
FASB – Financial Accounting Standards Board.
Henry Hub – a natural gas benchmark price quoted at settlement date average.
IRS – United States Internal Revenue Service.
Kurdistan – Kurdistan Region of Iraq.
LIBOR – London Interbank Offered Rate.
LNG – Liquefied natural gas.
LPG – Liquefied petroleum gas.
Liquid hydrocarbons or liquids – Collectively, crude oil, condensate and natural gas liquids.
LLS – Louisiana Light Sweet crude oil, an oil index benchmark price as per Bloomberg Finance LLP: LLS St. James.
MEH – Magellan East Houston, an oil index benchmark price of WTI at Magellan East Houston.
Marathon Oil – Marathon Oil Corporation, including wholly owned and majority-owned subsidiaries, and ownership interests in equity method investees (corporate entities, partnerships, limited liability companies and other ventures over which Marathon Oil exerts significant influence by virtue of its ownership interest). The company as it exists following the June 30, 2011 spin-off of the refining, marketing and transportation operations.
mbbld – Thousand barrels per day.

1


mboed – Thousand barrels of oil equivalent per day.
mcf – Thousand cubic feet.
mmbbl – Million barrels.
mmboe – Million barrels of oil equivalent. Natural gas is converted on the basis of six mcf of gas per one barrel of crude oil equivalent.
mmbtu – Million British thermal units.
mmcfd – Million stabilized cubic feet per day.
mmta – Million metric tonnes per annum.
mt – Metric tonnes.
mtd – Metric tonnes per day.
NAAQS – National Ambient Air Quality Standard.
Net acres or Net wells – The sum of the fractional working interests owned by us in gross acres or gross wells.
NGL or NGLs – Natural gas liquid or natural gas liquids, which are naturally occurring substances found in natural gas, including ethane, butane, isobutane, propane and natural gasoline, which can be collectively removed from produced natural gas, separated into these substances and sold.
NYMEX – New York Mercantile Exchange.
OPEC – Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries.
Operational availability A term used to measure the ability of an asset to produce to its maximum capacity over a specified period of time, after consideration of internal losses.
Productive well – A well that is not a dry well. Productive wells include producing wells and wells that are mechanically capable of production.
Proved developed reserves – Proved reserves that can be expected to be recovered through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or for which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well.
Proved reserves – Proved crude oil and condensate, NGLs, natural gas and our historical synthetic crude oil reserves are those quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs, natural gas and synthetic crude oil, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations-prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.
Proved undeveloped reserves – Proved reserves that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion. Undrilled locations can be classified as having proved undeveloped reserves if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances justify a longer time. Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic viability at greater distances.
Reserve replacement ratio – A ratio which measures the amount of proved reserves added to our reserve base during the year relative to the amount of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas produced.
REx – Resource play exploration.
Royalty interest – An interest in an oil or natural gas property entitling the owner to a share of oil or natural gas production free of costs of production.
SAR or SARs – Stock appreciation right or stock appreciation rights.
SCOOP – South Central Oklahoma Oil Province.
SEC – United States Securities and Exchange Commission.

2


Seismic – An exploration method of sending energy waves or sound waves into the earth and recording the wave reflections to indicate the type, size, shape and depth of subsurface rock formation (3-D seismic provides three-dimensional pictures and 4-D factors in changes that occurred over time).
STACK – Sooner Trend (oil field), Anadarko (basin), Canadian (and) Kingfisher (counties) in Oklahoma.
Total proved reserves – The summation of proved developed reserves and proved undeveloped reserves.
Turnaround – A planned major maintenance program the costs for which are expensed in the period incurred and can include the costs of contractor repair services, materials and supplies, equipment rentals and our labor costs.
U.K. – United Kingdom.
U.S. – United States of America.
U.S. resource plays – Consists of our unconventional properties in the Eagle Ford in Texas, the Bakken in North Dakota, STACK and SCOOP in Oklahoma and Northern Delaware in New Mexico.
U.S. GAAP – U.S. Generally Accepted Accounting Principles.
Working interest – The interest in a mineral property, which gives the owner that share of production from the property. A working interest owner bears that share of the costs of exploration, development and production in return for a share of production. Working interests are sometimes burdened by overriding royalty interests or other interests.
WOTUS – Waters of the United States.
WTI – West Texas Intermediate crude oil, an oil index benchmark price as quoted by NYMEX.


3


Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This Annual Report on Form 10-K contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933 and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. These are statements, other than statements of historical fact, that give current expectations or forecasts of future events, including without limitation: our operational, financial and growth strategies, including drilling plans and projects, planned wells, rig count, inventory, seismic, exploration plans, maintenance activities, drilling and completion improvements, cost reductions, and financial flexibility; our ability to successfully effect those strategies and the expected timing and results thereof; our 2020 Capital Budget and the planned allocation thereof; planned capital expenditures and the impact thereof; expectations regarding future economic and market conditions and their effects on us; our financial and operational outlook, and ability to fulfill that outlook; our financial position, balance sheet, liquidity and capital resources, and the benefits thereof; resource and asset potential; reserve estimates; growth expectations; and future production and sales expectations, and the drivers thereof. In addition, many forward-looking statements may be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “anticipates,” “believes,” “estimates,” “expects,” “targets,” “plans,” “projects,” “could,” “may,” “should,” “would” or similar words indicating that future outcomes are uncertain. While we believe that our assumptions concerning future events are reasonable, these expectations may not prove to be correct. A number of factors could cause results to differ materially from those indicated by such forward-looking statements including, but not limited to:
conditions in the oil and gas industry, including supply and demand levels for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas and the resulting impact on price;
changes in expected reserve or production levels;
changes in political or economic conditions in E.G., including changes in foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates, inflation rates, and global and domestic market conditions;
risks related to our hedging activities;
liability resulting from litigation;
capital available for exploration and development;
the inability of any party to satisfy closing conditions or delays in execution with respect to our asset acquisitions and dispositions;
drilling and operating risks;
lack of, or disruption in, access to pipelines or other transportation methods;
well production timing;
availability of drilling rigs, materials and labor, including the costs associated therewith;
difficulty in obtaining necessary approvals and permits;
non-performance by third parties of their contractual obligations;
unforeseen hazards such as weather conditions, acts of war or terrorist acts and the governmental or military response thereto;
cyber-attacks;
changes in safety, health, environmental, tax and other regulations, or requirements or initiatives including those addressing the impact of global climate change, air emissions or water management;
other geological, operating and economic considerations; and
other factors discussed in Item 1. Business, Item 1A. Risk Factors, Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk, and elsewhere in this report.
All forward-looking statements included in this report are based on information available to us on the date of this report. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to revise or update any forward-looking statements as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. All subsequent written and oral forward-looking statements attributable to us or persons acting on our behalf are expressly qualified in their entirety by the cautionary statements contained throughout this report.




4


PART I
Items 1. and 2. Business and Properties
General
Marathon Oil Corporation (NYSE: MRO) is an independent exploration and production company incorporated in 2001, focused on U.S. resource plays: the Eagle Ford in Texas, the Bakken in North Dakota, STACK and SCOOP in Oklahoma and Northern Delaware in New Mexico. We also have international operations in E.G. Our corporate headquarters is located at 5555 San Felipe Street, Houston, Texas 77056-2723 and our telephone number is (713) 629-6600. Each of our two reportable operating segments are organized by geographic location and managed according to the nature of the products and services offered. The two segments are:
United States – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas in the United States;
International – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas outside of the United States as well as produces and markets products manufactured from natural gas, such as LNG and methanol, in E.G.
Our strategy is to deliver competitive and improving corporate level returns by focusing our capital investment in the lower cost, higher margin U.S. resource plays while maintaining a strong balance sheet, prioritizing sustainable cash flow generation over a wide range of commodity prices, and returning capital to shareholders. See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, for a more detailed discussion of our operating results, cash flows and liquidity.
Our portfolio is concentrated in our core operations in the U.S. resource plays and E.G. The map below shows the locations of our U.S. operations:
A201910KMAPA01.JPG

5


Segment Information
In the following discussion regarding our United States and International segments, references to net wells, acres, sales or investment indicate our ownership interest or share, as the context requires.
United States Segment
We are engaged in oil and gas exploration, development and production activities in the U.S. Our primary focus in the United States segment is concentrated within our four high-quality resource plays. See Item 7. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for further detail on current year results.
United States – U.S. Resource Plays
Eagle Ford – We have been operating in the South Texas Eagle Ford play since 2011, where our acreage is located in the high-return Karnes, Atascosa, Gonzales and Lavaca Counties. Our focus is capital efficient development with a goal of maximizing returns and cash flow generation while extending our core acreage. During 2019, we acquired 18,000 net acres adjacent to our existing acreage in the Eagle Ford, which included production of approximately 7,000 net boed and associated midstream infrastructure. Additionally, we operate 32 central gathering and treating facilities across the play that support more than 1,600 producing wells as well as own and operate the Sugarloaf gathering system, a 42-mile natural gas pipeline through the heart of our acreage in Karnes and Atascosa Counties.
Bakken – We have been operating in the Williston Basin since 2006. The majority of our core acreage is within McKenzie, Mountrail, and Dunn Counties in North Dakota targeting the Middle Bakken and Three Forks reservoirs. We continue focusing our investment in our high-return Myrmidon and Hector areas, while also delineating and extending our core acreage across the rest of our position.
Oklahoma – With a history in Oklahoma that dates back more than 100 years, our primary focus has recently been early infill development in the STACK Meramec and SCOOP Woodford, while progressing delineation of other plays across our footprint. We primarily hold net acreage with rights to the Woodford, Springer, Meramec, Osage and other prospect intervals, with a majority of this in the SCOOP and STACK, with our recent activity in these plays being directed towards the more advantaged overpressured oil areas.
Northern Delaware – We have been operating in the Northern Delaware basin, which is located within the greater Permian area, since closing on two major acquisitions in 2017. Our focus has been to strategically advance our position and prepare for future development by further coring up our footprint, progressing early delineation of our acreage, improving our cost structure and securing midstream solutions. We have the majority of our acreage in Eddy and Lea counties primarily in the Wolfcamp and Bone Spring New Mexico plays.
United States – Resource Exploration
Our resource exploration properties in the United States include our acquired acreage in the emerging Louisiana Austin Chalk play, with an acreage position focused in the Western Fairway. Our first exploration well is on flowback and well clean-up and we have recently spud on our second exploration well. We also closed on approximately 40,000 net acres in the Texas Delaware oil play in West Texas for $106 million in 2019.
International Segment
We are engaged in oil and gas development and production activities in E.G. We include the results of our investments in the LPG processing plant, gas liquefaction operations and methanol production operations in E.G. in our International segment.
International
Equatorial Guinea – We own a 63% operated working interest under a production sharing contract in the Alba field and an 80% operated working interest in Block D, both of which are offshore E.G. Operational availability from our company-operated facilities averaged approximately 97% in 2019.
Equatorial Guinea – Gas Processing We own a 52% interest in Alba Plant LLC, accounted for as an equity method investment, which operates an onshore LPG processing plant located on Bioko Island. Alba field natural gas is processed by the LPG plant under a fixed-price long term contract. The LPG plant extracts secondary condensate and LPG from the natural gas stream and uses some of the remaining dry natural gas in its operations.

6


We also own 60% of EGHoldings and 45% of AMPCO, both accounted for as equity method investments. EGHoldings operates a 3.7 mmta LNG production facility and AMPCO operates a methanol plant, both located on Bioko Island. These facilities allow us to further monetize natural gas production from the Alba field. The LNG production facility sells LNG under a 3.4 mmta sales and purchase agreement. Under the current agreement, which runs through 2023, the purchaser takes delivery of the LNG on Bioko Island, with pricing linked principally to the Henry Hub index. Gross sales of LNG from this production facility totaled approximately 3 mmta in 2019. AMPCO had gross sales totaling approximately 878 mt in 2019. Methanol production is sold to customers in Europe and the U.S.
During 2019, we executed agreements for third-party gas through existing E.G. infrastructure, the initial step in creating an E.G. gas hub. Natural gas from the Alen field will be processed through the existing Alba Plant LLC LPG processing plant and the EGHoldings LNG production facility. First gas sales are expected in early 2021.
United Kingdom In the third quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business, which represents a complete country exit. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Other International
Kurdistan Region of Iraq – In the second quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan which represents a complete country exit. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Reserves
Proved reserves are required to be disclosed by continent and by country if the proved reserves related to any geographic area, on an oil equivalent barrel basis, represent 15% or more of our total proved reserves. A geographic area can be an individual country, group of countries within a continent or a continent. For additional detail on reserves, see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities.
The following tables set forth estimated quantities of our total proved crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves based upon SEC pricing for period ended December 31, 2019.
 
Crude Oil and Condensate
(mmbbl)
 
Natural Gas Liquids
(mmbbl)
 
Natural Gas
(bcf)
 
Total
(mmboe)
 
Total (%)
Proved Developed Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
304

 
122

 
825

 
563

 
47
%
E.G.
30

 
19

 
649

 
158

 
13
%
Total proved developed reserves (mmboe)
334

 
141

 
1,474

 
721

 
60
%
Proved Undeveloped Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
315

 
82

 
453

 
473

 
39
%
E.G.
3

 
2

 
41

 
11

 
1
%
Total proved undeveloped reserves (mmboe)
318

 
84

 
494

 
484

 
40
%
Total Proved Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
619

 
204

 
1,278

 
1,036

 
86
%
E.G.
33

 
21

 
690

 
169

 
14
%
Total proved reserves (mmboe)
652

 
225

 
1,968

 
1,205

 
100
%
Total proved reserves (%)
54
%
 
19
%
 
27
%
 
100
%
 
 


7


Productive and Drilling Wells
For our United States and International segments, the following table sets forth gross and net productive wells, service wells and drilling wells as of December 31 for the years presented.
 
Productive Wells
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oil
 
Natural Gas
 
Service Wells
 
Drilling Wells
  
Gross
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Net
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
4,984

 
2,195

 
1,550

 
615

 
204

 
20

 
30

 
15

E.G.

 

 
19

 
12

 

 

 

 

Total (a)
4,984

 
2,195

 
1,569

 
627

 
204

 
20

 
30

 
15

2018

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S. (b)
4,630

 
2,056

 
1,703

 
655

 
209

 
21

 
 
 
 
E.G.

 

 
19

 
12

 

 

 
 
 
 
Other International
62

 
22

 
11

 
4

 
24

 
8

 
 
 
 
Total (c)
4,692

 
2,078

 
1,733

 
671

 
233

 
29

 
 
 
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
5,132

 
1,905

 
1,690

 
676

 
799

 
70

 
 
 
 
E.G.

 

 
19

 
12

 

 

 
 
 
 
Libya
1,071

 
175

 
7

 
2

 
94

 
16

 
 
 
 
Total Africa
1,071

 
175

 
26

 
14

 
94

 
16

 
 
 
 
Other International
61

 
22

 
19

 
7

 
23

 
8

 
 
 
 
Total
6,264

 
2,102

 
1,735

 
697

 
916

 
94

 
 
 
 
(a) 
Other International was removed from 2019 due to the sale of our U.K. business and our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
(b) 
The 2018 decrease in gross productive oil wells and gross service wells is a result of the sale of non-core, non-operated conventional properties in the United States segment during the third quarter of 2018. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for information about these dispositions.
(c) 
Libya was removed from 2018 due to the sale of our subsidiary in Libya. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

8


Drilling Activity
For our United States and International segments, the table below sets forth, by geographic area, the number of net productive and dry development and exploratory wells completed as of December 31 for the years represented.
 
Development
 
Exploratory
 
 
  
Oil
 
Natural
Gas
 
Dry
 
Total
 
Oil
 
Natural
Gas
 
Dry
 
Total
 
Total
2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
197

 
28

 

 
225

 
57

 
26

 
2

 
85

 
310

E.G.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total (a)
197

 
28

 

 
225

 
57

 
26

 
2

 
85

 
310

2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
171

 
25

 

 
196

 
66

 
36

 
2

 
104

 
300

E.G.

 

 

 

 

 

 
1

 
1

 
1

Other International

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total (b)
171

 
25

 

 
196

 
66

 
36

 
3

 
105

 
301

2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
107

 
27

 

 
134

 
88

 
16

 

 
104

 
238

E.G.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Libya

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total Africa

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other International

 

 

 

 

 

 
2

 
2

 
2

Total
107

 
27

 

 
134

 
88

 
16

 
2

 
106

 
240

(a) 
Other International was removed from 2019 due to the sale of our U.K. business and our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
(b) 
Libya was removed from 2018 due to the sale of our subsidiary in Libya. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
Acreage
We believe we have satisfactory title to our United States and International properties in accordance with standards generally accepted in the industry; nevertheless, we can be involved in title disputes from time to time which may result in litigation. In the case of undeveloped properties, an investigation of record title is made at the time of acquisition. Drilling title opinions are usually prepared before commencement of drilling operations. Our title to properties may be subject to burdens such as royalty, overriding royalty, carried, net profits, working and other similar interests and contractual arrangements customary in the industry. In addition, our interests may be subject to obligations or duties under applicable laws or burdens such as net profits interests, liens related to operating agreements, development obligations or capital commitments under international production sharing contracts or exploration licenses.
The following table sets forth, by geographic area, the gross and net developed and undeveloped acreage held as of December 31, 2019.
 
Developed
 
Undeveloped
 
Developed and
Undeveloped
(In thousands)
Gross
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Net
 
Gross
 
Net
U.S.
1,388

 
993

 
391

 
306

 
1,779

 
1,299

E.G.
82

 
67

 

 

 
82

 
67

Total
1,470

 
1,060

 
391

 
306

 
1,861

 
1,366


9


In the ordinary course of business, based on our evaluations of certain geologic trends and prospective economics, we have allowed certain lease acreage to expire and may allow additional acreage to expire in the future. If production is not established or we take no other action to extend the terms of the leases, undeveloped acreage listed in the table below could expire over the next three years. We plan to continue the terms of certain of these leases through operational or administrative actions. There are no material quantities of net proved undeveloped reserves assigned to expiring undeveloped acreage in the next three years.
 
Net Undeveloped Acres Expiring
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In thousands)
2020
 
2021
 
2022
U.S.
70

 
108

 
31

E.G.

 

 

Total
70

 
108

 
31



10


Net Sales Volumes are presented on a continuing operations basis. At December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, the Eagle Ford, Bakken and Oklahoma fields in the United States contained 15% or more of our total proved reserves. Production for these fields along with our production from fields containing less than 15% of our total proved reserves are presented in the table below.
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net Sales Volumes
 
 
 
 
 
Crude oil and condensate (mbbld) (a)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford
63

 
63

 
59

Bakken
86

 
71

 
46

Oklahoma
21

 
18

 
15

Northern Delaware
16

 
12

 
4

 Other U.S.
4

 
7

 
9

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G.
15

 
17

 
21

Libya

 
7

 
19

Other International (b)
5

 
15

 
12

Total
210

 
210

 
185

Natural gas liquids (mbbld)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford
22

 
23

 
21

Bakken
9

 
7

 
6

Oklahoma
22

 
20

 
14

Northern Delaware
6

 
4

 
1

 Other U.S.
1

 
1

 
1

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G.
9

 
11

 
11

Other International (b)

 

 
1

Total
69

 
66

 
55

Natural gas (mmcfd) (c)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford
130

 
129

 
125

Bakken
46

 
35

 
25

Oklahoma
210

 
213

 
149

Northern Delaware
36

 
26

 
9

 Other U.S.
16

 
26

 
40

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G.
365

 
416

 
459

Libya

 
5

 
4

Other International (b)
6

 
14

 
22

Total
809

 
864

 
833

Total sales volumes (mboed)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford
106

 
108

 
101

Bakken
103

 
84

 
56

Oklahoma
78

 
74

 
54

Northern Delaware
28

 
20

 
6

 Other U.S.
8

 
12

 
17

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G.
85

 
97

 
109

Libya

 
8

 
20

Other International (b)
6

 
17

 
16

Total
414

 
420

 
379

(a) 
The amounts correspond with the basis for fiscal settlements with governments, representing equity tanker liftings and direct deliveries of liquid hydrocarbons.
(b) 
Other International sales include sales volumes for the U.K. and the Atrush block in Kurdistan, which were both sold in 2019 and sales volumes for the non-operated Sarsang block in Kurdistan which was sold in 2018. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
(c) 
Includes natural gas acquired for injection and subsequent resale.



11


Average Sales Price and Production Costs per Unit are presented on a continuing operations basis by geographic area.
 
December 31,
(Dollars per unit)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Average Sales Price per Unit (a)
 
 
 
 
 
Crude oil and condensate (bbl)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
55.80

 
$
63.11

 
$
49.35

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G.
48.99

 
55.28

 
46.02

Libya

 
73.75

 
60.72

Total Africa
48.99

 
60.65

 
53.11

Other International (b)
64.71

 
70.39

 
52.66

Total
$
55.54

 
$
63.32

 
$
50.38

 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas liquids (bbl)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
14.22

 
$
24.54

 
$
20.55

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G. (d)
1.00

 
1.00

 
1.00

Total Africa
1.00

 
1.00

 
1.00

Other International (b)
37.88

 
41.66

 
39.65

Total
$
12.46

 
$
20.85

 
$
16.65

 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas (mcf)
 
 
 
 
 
United States
$
2.18

 
$
2.65

 
$
2.84

Africa
 
 
 
 
 
E.G. (c)
0.24

 
0.24

 
0.24

Libya

 
4.57

 
5.03

Total Africa
0.24

 
0.30

 
0.28

Other International (b)
5.67

 
8.03

 
6.28

Total
$
1.33

 
$
1.58

 
$
1.51

 
 
 
 
 
 
Average Production Costs per Unit (d)
 
 
 
 
 
U.S.
$
9.08

 
$
9.83

 
$
9.49

E.G.
2.34

 
1.91

 
2.12

Libya

 
4.35

 
6.08

Other International (b)
30.42

 
30.02

 
26.61

Total
$
8.03

 
$
8.68

 
$
7.90

(a) 
Excludes gains or losses on commodity derivative instruments.
(b) 
Other International sales include sales volumes for the U.K. and the Atrush block in Kurdistan, which were both sold in 2019 and sales volumes for the non-operated Sarsang block in Kurdistan which was sold in 2018. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
(c) 
Primarily represents fixed prices under long-term contracts with Alba Plant LLC, AMPCO and/or EGHoldings, which are equity method investees. We include our share of income from each of these equity method investees in our International segment.
(d) 
Production, severance and property taxes are excluded; however, shipping and handling as well as other operating expenses are included in the production costs used in this calculation. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities - Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Production Activities for more information regarding production costs.

Marketing
Our reportable operating segments include activities related to the marketing and transportation of substantially all of our crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas. These activities include the transportation of production to market centers, the sale of commodities to third parties and the storage of production. We balance our various sales, storage and transportation positions in order to aggregate volumes to satisfy transportation commitments and to achieve flexibility within product types and delivery points. Such activities can include the purchase of commodities from third parties for resale.

12


Major Customers
We are exposed to credit risk in the event of nonpayment by counterparties, a significant portion of which are concentrated in energy-related industries. The creditworthiness of customers and other counterparties is subject to continuing review, including the use of master netting agreements, where appropriate. In 2019, sales to Marathon Petroleum Corporation, Flint Hills Resources, Valero Marketing and Supply, and Shell Trading and each of their respective affiliates, accounted for approximately 13%, 13%, 11% and 10% of our total revenues. In 2018, sales to Valero Marketing and Supply and Flint Hills Resources and their respective affiliates, each accounted for approximately 11% of our total revenues. In 2017, sales to Vitol and their respective affiliates accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenues.
Gross Delivery Commitments
We have committed to deliver gross quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas to customers under a variety of contracts. As of December 31, 2019, the contracts for fixed and determinable quantities were at variable, market-based pricing and related primarily to the following commitments:
 
 
2020
 
2021
 
2022
 
Thereafter
 
Commitment Period Through
Eagle Ford
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crude and condensate (mbbld)
 
51

 

 

 

 
2020
Natural gas (mmcfd)
 
120

 
56

 
36

 

 
2022
Bakken
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crude and condensate (mbbld)
 
10

 
10

 
10

 
5 - 10

 
2027
Natural gas (mmcfd)
 
3

 
3

 
3

 
3 - 25

 
2028
Other United States
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Natural gas (mmcfd)
 
4

 
4

 
1

 

 
2022
All of these contracts provide the option of delivering third-party volumes or paying a monetary shortfall penalty if production is inadequate to satisfy our commitment. In addition to the contracts discussed above, we have entered into numerous agreements for transportation and processing of our equity production. Some of these contracts have volumetric requirements which could require monetary shortfall penalties if our production is inadequate to meet the terms.
Competition
Competition exists in all sectors of the oil and gas industry and we compete with major integrated and independent oil and gas companies, national oil companies, and to a lesser extent, companies that supply alternative sources of energy. We compete, in particular, in the exploration for and development of new reserves, acquisition of oil and natural gas leases and other properties, the marketing and delivery of our production into worldwide commodity markets and for the labor and equipment required for exploration and development of those properties. Principal methods of competing include geological, geophysical, and engineering research and technology, experience and expertise, economic analysis in connection with portfolio management, and safely operating oil and gas producing properties. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for discussion of specific areas in which we compete and related risks.
Environmental, Health and Safety Matters
The Health, Environmental, Safety and Corporate Responsibility Committee of our Board of Directors is responsible for overseeing our position on public issues, including environmental, health and safety matters. Our Corporate Health, Environment, Safety and Security organization has the responsibility to ensure that our operating organizations maintain environmental compliance systems that support and foster our compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Committees comprised of certain of our officers review our overall performance associated with various environmental compliance programs. We also have a Corporate Emergency Response Team which oversees our response to any major environmental or other emergency incident involving us or any of our properties.
Our businesses are subject to numerous laws and regulations relating to the protection of the environment, health and safety at the national, state and local levels. These laws and their implementing regulations and other similar state and local laws and rules can impose certain operational controls for minimization of pollution or recordkeeping, monitoring and reporting requirements or other operational or siting constraints on our business, result in costs to remediate releases of regulated substances, including crude oil and produced water, into the environment, or require costs to remediate sites to which we sent regulated substances for disposal. In some cases, these laws can impose strict liability for the entire cost of clean-up on any responsible party without regard to negligence or fault and impose liability on us for the conduct of others (such as prior owners

13


or operators of our assets) or conditions others have caused, or for our acts that complied with all applicable requirements when we performed them. We have incurred and will continue to incur capital, operating and maintenance, and remediation expenditures as a result of environmental laws and regulations.
New laws have been enacted or are otherwise being considered and regulations are being adopted by various regulatory agencies on a continuing basis and the costs of compliance with these new laws and regulations can only be broadly appraised until their implementation becomes more defined.
For a discussion of environmental capital expenditures and costs of compliance for air, water, solid waste and remediation, see Item 3. Legal Proceedings and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Environmental Matters, Litigation and Contingencies.
Air and Climate Change
Environmental advocacy groups and regulatory agencies in the United States and other countries have focused considerable attention on the emissions of carbon dioxide, methane and other greenhouse gases and their role in climate change. Developments in greenhouse gas initiatives may affect us and other similarly situated companies operating in the oil and gas industry. As part of our commitment to environmental stewardship and as required by law, we estimate and publicly report greenhouse gas emissions from our operations. We are working to continuously improve the accuracy and completeness of these estimates. In addition, we continuously strive to improve operational and energy efficiencies through resource and energy conservation where practicable and cost effective.
Government entities and other groups have filed lawsuits in several states and other jurisdictions seeking to hold a wide variety of companies that produce fossil fuels liable for the alleged impacts of the greenhouse gas emissions attributable to those fuels. The lawsuits allege damages as a result of global warming and the plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages and abatement under various tort theories. Marathon Oil has been named as a defendant in several of these lawsuits, along with numerous other companies. Similar lawsuits may be filed in other jurisdictions. While the ultimate outcome and impact to us cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the claims made against us are without merit and will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
The EPA finalized a more stringent NAAQS for ozone in October 2015. States that contain any areas designated as non-attainment, and any tribes that choose to do so, will be required to complete development of implementation plans in the 2020-2022 time frame. The EPA may in the future designate additional areas as non-attainment, including areas in which we operate. The EPA is also in the process of reviewing the ozone NAAQS to determine whether to maintain the 2015 standard or to promulgate a more stringent standard. This review is expected to be complete by December 2020. The implementation of the 2015 standard, or the promulgation of a future more stringent standard, may result in an increase in costs for emission controls and requirements for additional monitoring and testing, as well as a more cumbersome permitting process. Although there may be an adverse financial impact (including compliance costs, potential permitting delays and increased regulatory requirements) associated with this revised regulation, the extent and magnitude of that impact cannot be reliably or accurately estimated due to the present uncertainty regarding any additional measures and how they will be implemented. The United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia largely upheld EPA’s 2015 standard in August 2019. No party has sought review of this decision and, therefore, it is final.
In November 2016, the BLM issued a final rule to further restrict venting and/or flaring of gas from facilities subject to BLM jurisdiction, and to modify certain royalty requirements. BLM issued a two-year stay of these requirements in December 2017. In September 2018, BLM published a final rule to rescind substantial portions of the rule. The rescission was challenged by multiple parties in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California. If the judicial challenges to the rule are successful and the rule were to come back into effect, the requirements would result in additional costs of compliance as well as increased monitoring, recordkeeping and recording for some of our facilities.
Hydraulic Fracturing
Hydraulic fracturing is a commonly used process that involves injecting water, sand and small volumes of chemicals into the wellbore to fracture the hydrocarbon-bearing rock thousands of feet below the surface to facilitate higher flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore. Our business uses this technique extensively throughout our operations. Hydraulic fracturing has been regulated at the state and local level through permitting and compliance requirements. Various state and local-level initiatives in regions with substantial shale resources have been or may be proposed or implemented to further regulate hydraulic fracturing practices, limit water withdrawals and water use, require disclosure of fracturing fluid constituents, restrict which additives may be used, or implement temporary or permanent bans on hydraulic fracturing. Although there may be an adverse financial impact (including compliance costs, potential permitting delays and increased regulatory requirements) associated with these initiatives, the extent and magnitude of that impact cannot be reliably or accurately estimated due to the present uncertainty regarding any additional measures and how they will be implemented.

14


Water
In 2014, the EPA and the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers published proposed regulations which expand the surface waters that are regulated under the federal CWA and its various programs. While these regulations were finalized largely as proposed in 2015, the rule was stayed by the courts pending a substantive decision on the merits. In October 2019, EPA and the Army Corps of Engineers issued a final rule that repealed the 2015 regulations and reinstated the agencies’ narrower pre-2015 scope of federal CWA jurisdiction. In January 2020, EPA and the Army Corp of Engineers promulgated a new WOTUS definition that continues to provide a narrower scope of federal CWA jurisdiction than contemplated under the 2015 WOTUS definition, while also providing for greater predictability and consistency of federal CWA jurisdiction. Judicial challenges to EPA’s October 2019 final rule are currently before multiple federal district courts and challenges to EPA’s January 2020 final rule are anticipated. If the October 2019 final rule is vacated and the 2015 rule is ultimately implemented, the expansion of CWA jurisdiction will result in additional costs of compliance as well as increased monitoring, recordkeeping and recording for some of our facilities.
For additional information, see Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Trademarks, Patents and Licenses
We currently hold U.S. and foreign patents. Although in the aggregate our trademarks and patents are important to us, we do not regard any single trademark, patent, or group of related trademarks or patents as critical or essential to our business as a whole.
Employees
We had approximately 2,000 active, full-time employees as of December 31, 2019.
Information About our Executive Officers
The executive officers of Marathon Oil and their ages as of February 1, 2020, are as follows:
Lee M. Tillman
 
58
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Dane E. Whitehead
 
58
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
T. Mitch Little
 
56
 
Executive Vice President—Operations
Reginald D. Hedgebeth
 
52
 
Executive Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Administrative Officer
Patrick J. Wagner
 
55
 
Executive Vice President—Corporate Development and Strategy
Gary E. Wilson
 
58
 
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Mr. Tillman was appointed by the board of directors as chairman of the board effective February 1, 2019. In August 2013, he was appointed as president and chief executive officer. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Tillman served as vice president of engineering for ExxonMobil Development Company (a project design and execution company), where he was responsible for all global engineering staff engaged in major project concept selection, front-end design and engineering.  Between 2007 and 2010, Mr. Tillman served as North Sea production manager and lead country manager for subsidiaries of ExxonMobil in Stavanger, Norway.  Mr. Tillman began his career in the oil and gas industry at Exxon Corporation in 1989 as a research engineer and has extensive operations management and leadership experience.
Mr. Whitehead was appointed executive vice president and chief financial officer in March 2017. Prior to this appointment, Mr. Whitehead served as executive vice president and chief financial officer of both EP Energy Corp. and EP Energy LLC (oil and natural gas producer) since May 2012. Between 2009 and 2012, Mr. Whitehead served as senior vice president of strategy and enterprise business development and a member of El Paso Corporation’s executive committee. He joined El Paso Exploration & Production Company as senior vice president and chief financial officer in 2006. Before joining El Paso, Mr. Whitehead was vice president, controller and chief accounting officer of Burlington Resources Inc. (oil and natural gas producer), and formerly senior vice president and CFO of Burlington Resources Canada.
Mr. Little was appointed executive vice president of operations in August 2016 after having served as vice president, conventional since December 2015, vice president international and offshore exploration and production operations since September 2013, and as vice president, international production operations since September 2012. Prior to that, Mr. Little was resident manager of our Norway operations and served as general manager, worldwide drilling and completions. Mr. Little joined Marathon Oil in 1986 and has since held a number of engineering and management positions of increasing responsibility.
Mr. Hedgebeth was appointed executive vice president, general counsel and chief administrative officer in August 2019 after having served as senior vice president, general counsel and secretary since April 2017. Between 2009 and 2017, Mr. Hedgebeth served as general counsel, corporate secretary and chief compliance officer for Spectra Energy Corp (oil and natural gas pipeline company) and general counsel for Spectra Energy Partners, LP. Before joining Spectra Energy, Mr. Hedgebeth

15


served as senior vice president, general counsel and secretary with Circuit City Stores, Inc. (consumer electronics retail company), and vice president of legal for The Home Depot, Inc. (home improvement retail company).
Mr. Wagner was appointed executive vice president of corporate development and strategy in November 2017 after having served as senior vice president of corporate development and strategy since March 2017, vice president of corporate development and interim chief financial officer since August 2016 and vice president of corporate development since April 2014. Prior to this appointment, he served as senior vice president, western business unit, for QR Energy LP (an oil and natural gas producer) and the affiliated Quantum Resources Management, which he joined in early 2012 as vice president, exploitation. Prior to that, Mr. Wagner was managing director in Houston for Scotia Waterous, the oil and gas arm of Scotiabank (an international banking services provider), from 2010 to 2012. Before joining Scotia, Mr. Wagner was vice president, Gulf of Mexico, for Devon Energy Corp. (an oil and natural gas producer), having joined Devon in 2003 as manager, international exploitation.
Mr. Wilson was appointed vice president, controller and chief accounting officer in October 2014. Prior to joining Marathon Oil, he served in various finance and accounting positions of increasing responsibility at Noble Energy, Inc. (a global exploration and production company) since 2001, including as director corporate accounting from February 2014 through September 2014, director global operations services finance from October 2012 through February 2014, director controls and reporting from April 2011 through September 2012, and international finance manager from September 2009 through March 2011.
Available Information
Our website is www.marathonoil.com. Our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and other reports and filings with the SEC are available free of charge on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after the reports are filed or furnished with the SEC. Information contained on our website is not incorporated into this Annual Report on Form 10-K or our other securities filings. Our filings are also available in hard copy, free of charge, by contacting us at 5555 San Felipe Street, Houston, Texas, 77056-2723, Attention: Investor Relations Office, telephone: (713) 629-6600. Additionally, the SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains reports, proxy and information statements and other information regarding issuers that file electronically with the SEC.
Additionally, we make available free of charge on our website:
our Code of Business Conduct and Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers;
our Corporate Governance Principles; and
the charters of our Audit and Finance Committee, Compensation Committee, Corporate Governance and Nominating Committee and Health, Environmental, Safety and Corporate Responsibility Committee.

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Item 1A. Risk Factors
We are subject to various risks and uncertainties in the course of our business. The following summarizes significant risks and uncertainties that may adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. When considering an investment in our securities, you should carefully consider the risk factors included below as well as those matters referenced in the foregoing pages under “Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” and other information included and incorporated by reference into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
A substantial decline in crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices would reduce our operating results and cash flows and could adversely impact our future rate of growth and the carrying value of our assets.
The markets for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas have been volatile and are likely to continue to be volatile in the future, causing prices to fluctuate widely. Our revenues, operating results and future rate of growth are highly dependent on the prices we receive for our crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas. Many of the factors influencing prices of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas are beyond our control. These factors include:
worldwide and domestic supplies of and demand for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas;
the cost of exploring for, developing and producing crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas;
the ability of the members of OPEC and certain non-OPEC members, such as Russia, to agree to and maintain production controls;
the production levels of non-OPEC countries, including production levels in the shale plays in the United States;
the level of drilling, completion and production activities by other exploration and production companies, and variability therein, in response to market conditions;
political instability or armed conflict in oil and natural gas producing regions;
changes in weather patterns and climate;
natural disasters such as hurricanes and tornadoes;
the price and availability of alternative and competing forms of energy, such as nuclear, hydroelectric, wind or solar;
the effect of conservation efforts;
epidemics or pandemics;
technological advances affecting energy consumption and energy supply;
domestic and foreign governmental regulations and taxes, including further legislation requiring, subsidizing or providing tax benefits for the use of alternative energy sources and fuels; and
general economic conditions worldwide.
The long-term effects of these and other factors on the prices of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas are uncertain. Historical declines in commodity prices have adversely affected our business by:
reducing the amount of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas that we can produce economically;
reducing our revenues, operating income and cash flows;
causing us to reduce our capital expenditures, and delay or postpone some of our capital projects;
requiring us to impair the carrying value of our assets;
reducing the standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows relating to crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas; and
increasing the costs of obtaining capital, such as equity and short- and long-term debt.

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Estimates of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves depend on many factors and assumptions, including various assumptions that are based on conditions in existence as of the dates of the estimates. Any material changes in those conditions or other factors affecting those assumptions could impair the quantity and value of our reserves.
The proved reserve information included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K has been derived from engineering and geoscience estimates. Estimates of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas were prepared, in accordance with SEC regulations, by our in-house teams of reservoir engineers and geoscience professionals and were reviewed and approved by our Corporate Reserves Group and third-party consultants. Reserves were valued based on SEC pricing for the periods ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, as well as other conditions in existence at those dates. The table below provides the 2019 SEC pricing for certain benchmark prices:
 
2019 SEC Pricing
WTI Crude oil (per bbl)
$
55.69

Henry Hub natural gas (per mmbtu)
$
2.58

Brent crude oil (per bbl)
$
63.15

Mont Belvieu NGLs (per bbl)
$
18.41

If crude oil prices in the future average below prices used to determine proved reserves at December 31, 2019, it could have an adverse effect on our estimates of proved reserve volumes and the value of our business. Future reserve revisions could also result from changes in capital funding, drilling plans and governmental regulation, among other things.
Reserve estimation is a subjective process that involves estimating volumes to be recovered from underground accumulations of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas that cannot be directly measured. Estimates of economically producible reserves and of future net cash flows depend on a number of variable factors and assumptions, including:
location, size and shape of the accumulation as well as fluid, rock and producing characteristics of the accumulation;
historical production from the area, compared with production from other analogous producing areas;
the assumed impacts of regulation by governmental agencies;
assumptions concerning future operating costs, taxes, development costs and workover and repair costs; and
industry economic conditions, levels of cash flows from operations and other operating considerations.
As a result, different petroleum engineers and geoscientists, each using industry-accepted geologic and engineering practices and scientific methods, may produce different estimates of proved reserves and future net cash flows based on the same available data. Because of the subjective nature of such reserve estimates, each of the following items may differ materially from the estimated amounts:
the amount and timing of production;
the revenues and costs associated with that production; and
the amount and timing of future development expenditures.
If we are unsuccessful in acquiring or finding additional reserves, our future crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas production would decline, thereby reducing our cash flows and results of operations and impairing our financial condition.
The rate of production from crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas properties generally declines as reserves are depleted. Except to the extent we acquire interests in additional properties containing proved reserves, conduct successful exploration and development activities or, through engineering studies, optimize production performance or identify additional reservoirs not currently producing or secondary recovery reserves, our proved reserves may decline materially as crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas are produced. Accordingly, to the extent we are not successful in replacing the crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas we produce, our future revenues may decline. Creating and maintaining an inventory of prospects for future production depends on many factors, including:
obtaining rights to explore for, develop and produce crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas in promising areas;
drilling success;
the ability to complete projects timely and cost effectively;
the ability to find or acquire additional proved reserves at acceptable costs; and

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the ability to fund such activity.
Future exploration and drilling results are uncertain and involve substantial costs.
Drilling for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas involves numerous risks, including the risk that we may not encounter commercially productive reservoirs. The costs of drilling, completing and operating wells are often uncertain, and drilling operations may be curtailed, delayed or canceled as a result of a variety of factors, including:
unexpected drilling conditions;
title problems;
pressure or irregularities in formations;
equipment failures or accidents;
inflation in exploration and drilling costs;
fires, explosions, blowouts or surface cratering;
lack of, or disruption in, access to pipelines or other transportation methods; and
shortages or delays in the availability of services or delivery of equipment.
If crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices decrease, it could adversely affect the abilities of our counterparties to perform their obligations to us which could negatively impact our financial results.
We often enter into arrangements to conduct certain business operations, such as oil and gas exploration and production, or transportation of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, with partners, co-working interest owners, and other counterparties in order to share risks associated with those operations. In addition, we market our products to a variety of purchasers. If commodity prices decrease, some of our counterparties may experience liquidity problems and may not be able to meet their financial and other obligations to us. The inability of our joint venture partners or co-working interest owners to fund their portion of the costs under our joint venture agreements and joint operating agreements, or the nonperformance by purchasers, contractors or other counterparties of their obligations to us, could negatively impact our operating results and cash flows.
If we are unable to complete capital projects at their expected costs and in a timely manner, or if the market conditions assumed in our project economics deteriorate, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Delays or cost increases related to capital spending programs involving drilling and completion activities, engineering, procurement and construction of facilities (including improvements and repairs to our existing facilities) could adversely affect our ability to achieve forecasted internal rates of return and operating results. Delays in making required changes or upgrades to our facilities could subject us to fines or penalties as well as affect our ability to supply certain products we produce. Such delays or cost increases may arise as a result of unpredictable factors, many of which are beyond our control, including:
denial of or delay in receiving requisite regulatory approvals and/or permits;
unplanned increases in the cost of construction materials or labor;
disruptions in transportation of components or construction materials;
increased costs or operational delays resulting from shortages of water;
adverse weather conditions, natural disasters or other events (such as equipment malfunctions, explosions, fires or spills) affecting our facilities, or those of vendors or suppliers;
shortages of sufficiently skilled labor, or labor disagreements resulting in unplanned work stoppages;
market-related increases in a project’s debt or equity financing costs; and
nonperformance by, or disputes with, vendors, suppliers, contractors or subcontractors.
Any one or more of these factors could have a significant impact on our capital projects.



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We may incur substantial capital expenditures and operating costs as a result of compliance with and changes in environmental, health, safety and security law, regulations or requirements or initiatives, including those addressing the impact of global climate change, air emissions or water management, and, as a result, our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows could be materially and adversely affected.
Our businesses are currently subject to numerous laws, regulations and other requirements relating to the protection of the environment, including those relating to the discharge of materials into the environment such as the flaring of natural gas, waste management, pollution prevention, greenhouse gas emissions, including carbon dioxide and methane, and the protection of endangered species as well as laws, regulations, and other requirements relating to public and employee safety and health and to facility security. Additionally, states in which we operate may impose additional regulations, legislation, or requirements or begin initiatives addressing the impact of global climate change, air emissions or water management. We have incurred and may continue to incur capital, operating and maintenance, and remediation expenditures as a result of these laws, regulations, and other requirements or initiatives that are being considered or otherwise implemented. To the extent these expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately reflected in the prices of our products, our operating results could be adversely affected. The specific impact of these laws, regulations, and other requirements may vary depending on a number of factors, including the age and location of operating facilities and production processes. We may also be required to make material expenditures to modify operations, install pollution control equipment, perform site clean-ups or curtail operations that could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. We may become subject to liabilities that we currently do not anticipate in connection with new, amended or more stringent requirements, stricter interpretations of existing requirements or the future discovery of contamination. In addition, any failure by us to comply with existing or future laws, regulations, and other requirements could result in civil penalties or criminal fines and other enforcement actions against us.
We believe it is likely that the scientific and political attention to issues concerning the extent, causes of and responsibility for climate change will continue, with the potential for further regulations that could affect our operations. Our operations result in greenhouse gas emissions. Currently, various legislative or regulatory measures to address greenhouse gas emissions (including carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxides) are in various phases of review, discussion or implementation in the U.S. Internationally, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change finalized an agreement among 195 nations at the 21st Conference of the Parties in Paris with an overarching goal of preventing global temperatures from rising more than 2 degrees Celsius. The agreement includes provisions that every country take some action to lower emissions, but there is no legal requirement for how or by what amount emissions should be lowered. Finalization of new legislation, regulations or international agreements in the future could result in increased costs to operate and maintain our facilities, capital expenditures to install new emission controls at our facilities, and costs to administer and manage any potential greenhouse gas emissions or carbon trading or tax programs. These costs and capital expenditures could be material. Although uncertain, these developments could increase our costs, reduce the demand for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, and create delays in our obtaining air pollution permits for new or modified facilities.
The potential adoption of federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives related to hydraulic fracturing could result in increased compliance costs, operating restrictions or delays in the completion of oil and gas wells. 
Hydraulic fracturing is a commonly used process that involves injecting water, sand, and small volumes of chemicals into the wellbore to fracture the hydrocarbon-bearing rock thousands of feet below the surface to facilitate higher flow of hydrocarbons into the wellbore. Our business uses this technique extensively throughout our U.S. operations. Hydraulic fracturing has been regulated at the state and local level through permitting and compliance requirements. Various state and local-level initiatives in regions with substantial shale resources have been or may be proposed or implemented to further regulate hydraulic fracturing practices, limit water withdrawals and water use, require disclosure of fracturing fluid constituents, restrict which additives may be used, or implement temporary or permanent bans on hydraulic fracturing. In 2015 the BLM issued a rule governing certain hydraulic fracturing practices on lands within their jurisdiction; however, this rule was rescinded in December 2017. This rescission is being judicially challenged before the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California.
Increased regulation and attention given to the hydraulic fracturing process could lead to greater opposition, including litigation, to oil and gas activities using hydraulic fracturing techniques. Additional legislation or regulation could also lead to operational delays or increased operating costs in the production of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, including from the shale plays, or could make it more difficult to perform hydraulic fracturing. The adoption of any federal, state or local laws or the implementation of regulations regarding hydraulic fracturing could potentially cause a decrease in the completion of new oil and gas wells and increased compliance costs which could increase costs of our operations and cause considerable delays in acquiring regulatory approvals to drill and complete wells.

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The potential adoption of federal, state and local legislative and regulatory initiatives intended to address potential induced seismic activity in the areas in which we operate could result in increased compliance costs, operating restrictions or delays in the completion of oil and gas wells. 
State and federal regulatory agencies have focused on a possible connection between the operation of injection wells used for oil and gas waste disposal and seismic activity.  When caused by human activity, such events are called induced seismicity. Separate and apart from the referenced potential connection between injection wells and seismicity, concerns have been raised that hydraulic fracturing activities may be correlated to anomalous seismic events. Marathon uses hydraulic fracturing techniques throughout its U.S. operations.

While the scientific community and regulatory agencies at all levels are continuing to study the possible linkage between oil and gas activity and induced seismicity, some state regulatory agencies have modified their regulations or guidance to mitigate potential causes of induced seismicity. For example, Oklahoma has taken numerous regulatory actions in response to concerns related to the operation of produced water disposal wells and induced seismicity, and has issued guidelines to operators in certain areas of the State curtailing injection of produced water due to seismic concerns. Marathon does not currently own or operate injection wells or contract for such services in these areas. Further, Oklahoma issued guidelines to operators for management of anomalous seismicity that may be related to hydraulic fracturing activities in the SCOOP/STACK area. In addition, a number of lawsuits have been filed in Oklahoma alleging damage from seismicity relating to disposal well operations. Marathon has not been named in any of those lawsuits.

Increased seismicity in Oklahoma or other areas could result in additional regulation and restrictions on our operations and could lead to operational delays or increased operating costs.  Additional regulation and attention given to induced seismicity could also lead to greater opposition, including litigation, to oil and gas activities.

Our offshore operations involve special risks that could negatively impact us.
Offshore operations present technological challenges and operating risks because of the marine environment.  Activities in offshore operations may pose risks because of the physical distance to oilfield service infrastructure and service providers.  Environmental remediation and other costs resulting from spills or releases may result in substantial liabilities.
Our business could be negatively impacted by cyberattacks targeting our computer and telecommunications systems and infrastructure, or targeting those of our third-party service providers.
Our business, like other companies in the oil and gas industry, has become increasingly dependent on digital technologies, including technologies that are managed by third-party service providers on whom we rely to help us collect, host or process information. Such technologies are integrated into our business operations and used as a part of our production and distribution systems in the U.S. and abroad, including those systems used to transport production to market, to enable communications, and to provide a host of other support services for our business. Use of the internet and other public networks for communications, services, and storage, including “cloud” computing, exposes all users (including our business) to cybersecurity risks.
While we and our third-party service providers commit resources to the design, implementation, and monitoring of our information systems, there is no guarantee that our security measures will provide absolute security. Despite these security measures, we may not be able to anticipate, detect, or prevent cyberattacks, particularly because the methodologies used by attackers change frequently or may not be recognized until launched, and because attackers are increasingly using techniques designed to circumvent controls and avoid detection. We and our third-party service providers may therefore be vulnerable to security events that are beyond our control, and we may be the target of cyber-attacks, as well as physical attacks, which could result in information security breaches and significant disruption to our business. Our information systems and related infrastructure have experienced attempted and actual minor breaches of our cybersecurity in the past, but we have not suffered any losses or breaches which had a material effect on our business, operations or reputation relating to such attacks; however, there is no assurance that we will not suffer such losses or breaches in the future. 
As cyberattacks continue to evolve, we may be required to expend significant additional resources to respond to cyberattacks, to continue to modify or enhance our protective measures, or to investigate and remediate any information systems and related infrastructure security vulnerabilities. We may also be subject to regulatory investigations or litigation relating from cybersecurity issues.

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Our level of indebtedness may limit our liquidity and financial flexibility.
As of December 31, 2019, our total debt was $5.5 billion, and our next debt maturity is our $1.0 billion 2.8% senior unsecured notes due in 2022. Our indebtedness could have important consequences to our business, including, but not limited to, the following:
we may be more vulnerable to general adverse economic and industry conditions;
a portion of our cash flows from operating activities must be used to service our indebtedness and is not available for other purposes;
our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our industry may be limited;
a financial covenant in our Credit Agreement stipulates that our total debt to capitalization ratio will not exceed 65% as of the last day of any fiscal quarter, and if exceeded, may make additional borrowings more expensive and affect our ability to plan for and react to changes in the economy and our industry;
we may be at a competitive disadvantage as compared to similar companies that have less debt; and
additional financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions or development activities, general corporate or other purposes may have higher costs and more restrictive covenants.
We may incur additional debt in order to fund our capital expenditures, acquisitions or development activities, or for general corporate or other purposes. A higher level of indebtedness increases the risk that our financial flexibility may deteriorate. Our ability to meet our debt obligations and service our debt depends on future performance. General economic conditions, crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices, and financial, business and other factors will affect our operations and our future performance. Many of these factors are beyond our control and we may not be able to generate sufficient cash flow to pay the interest on our debt, and future working capital, borrowings and equity financing may not be available to pay or refinance such debt. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of debt obligations.
Difficulty in accessing capital or a significant increase in our costs of accessing capital could adversely affect our business.
We receive debt ratings from the major credit rating agencies in the United States. Due to the volatility in crude oil and U.S. natural gas prices in recent years, credit rating agencies review companies in the energy industry periodically, including us. At December 31, 2019, our corporate credit ratings were: Standard & Poor’s Global Ratings Services BBB (stable); Fitch Ratings BBB (stable); and Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. Baa3 (stable). The credit rating process is contingent upon a number of factors, many of which are beyond our control. A downgrade of our credit ratings or other influences, including third-party groups promoting the divestment of fossil fuel equities or pressuring financial services companies to limit or curtail activities with fossil fuel companies, could negatively impact our cost of capital and our ability to access the capital markets, increase the interest rate and fees we pay on our revolving credit facility, and may limit or reduce credit lines with our bank counterparties. We could also be required to post letters of credit or other forms of collateral for certain contractual obligations, which could increase our costs and decrease our liquidity or letter of credit capacity under our unsecured revolving credit facility. Limitations on our ability to access capital could adversely impact the level of our capital spending budget, our ability to manage our debt maturities, or our flexibility to react to changing economic and business conditions.
Our commodity price risk management activities may prevent us from fully benefiting from commodity price increases and may expose us to other risks, including counterparty risk.
Global commodity prices are volatile. In order to mitigate commodity price volatility and increase the predictability of cash flows related to the marketing of our crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas, we, from time to time, enter into crude oil, NGLS, and natural gas hedging arrangements with respect to a portion of our expected production. While hedging arrangements are intended to mitigate commodity price volatility, we may be prevented from fully realizing the benefits of price increases above the price levels of the derivative instruments used to manage price risk. In addition, our hedging arrangements may expose us to the risk of financial loss in certain circumstances, including instances in which the counterparties to our hedging contracts fail to perform under the contracts. See Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.
Political and economic developments and changes in law or policy could adversely affect our operations and materially reduce our profitability and cash flows.
Local political and economic factors in U.S. and global markets could have a material adverse effect on us. We are subject to the political, geographic and economic risks and possible terrorist activities or other armed conflict attendant to doing business within or outside of the U.S. There are also many risks associated with operations in E.G. including the possibility that

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the government may seize our property with or without compensation, may attempt to renegotiate or revoke existing contractual arrangements or may impose additional taxes or royalty burdens.
Changes in the U.S. or global political and economic environment or any U.S. or global hostility or the occurrence or threat of future terrorist attacks, or other armed conflict, could adversely affect the economies of the U.S. and other developed countries. A lower level of economic activity could result in a decline in energy consumption, which could cause our revenues and margins to decline and limit our future growth prospects. These risks could lead to increased volatility in prices for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas. In addition, these risks could increase instability in the financial and insurance markets and make it more difficult for us to access capital and to obtain the insurance coverage that we consider adequate.  These risks could also cause damage to, or the inability to access, production facilities or other operating assets and could limit our service and equipment providers ability to deliver items necessary for us to conduct our operations.
Actions of governments through tax legislation or interpretations of tax law, and other changes in law, executive order and commercial restrictions could reduce our operating profitability, both in the U.S. and abroad. The U.S. government can prevent or restrict us from doing business in foreign countries. These restrictions and those of foreign governments have in the past limited our ability to operate in, or gain access to, opportunities in various countries and will continue to do so in the future. Changes in U.S. or foreign laws could also adversely affect our results, including new regulations resulting in higher costs to transport our production by pipeline, rail car, truck or vessel or the adoption of government payment transparency regulations that could require us to disclose competitively sensitive commercial information or that could cause us to violate the non-disclosure laws of other countries.
Our operations may be adversely affected by pipeline, rail and other transportation capacity constraints.
The marketability of our production depends in part on the availability, proximity, and capacity of gathering and transportation pipeline facilities, rail cars, trucks and vessels. If any pipelines, rail cars, trucks or vessels become unavailable, we would, to the extent possible, be required to find a suitable alternative to transport our crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, which could increase the costs and/or reduce the revenues we might obtain from the sale of our production. Both the cost and availability of pipelines, rail cars, trucks, or vessels to transport our production could be adversely impacted by new and expected state or federal regulations relating to transportation of crude oil.
If we acquire crude oil and natural gas properties, our failure to fully identify existing and potential problems, to accurately estimate reserves, production rates or costs, or to effectively integrate the acquired properties into our operations could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.
We typically seek the acquisition of crude oil and natural gas properties and leases.  Although we perform reviews of properties to be acquired in a manner that we believe is diligent and consistent with industry practices, reviews of records and properties may not necessarily reveal existing or potential problems, nor may they permit us to become sufficiently familiar with the properties in order to fully assess possible deficiencies and potential problems.  Even when problems with a property are identified, we often assume environmental and other risks and liabilities in connection with acquired properties pursuant to the acquisition agreements.  Moreover, there are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of crude oil and natural gas (as previously discussed), actual future production rates and associated costs with respect to acquired properties.  Actual reserves, production rates and costs may vary substantially from those assumed in our estimates.  In addition, an acquisition may have a material and adverse effect on our business and results of operations, particularly during the periods in which the operations of the acquired properties are being integrated into our ongoing operations or if we are unable to effectively integrate the acquired properties into our ongoing operations.

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We operate in a highly competitive industry, and many of our competitors are larger and have available resources in excess of our own.
The oil and gas industry is highly competitive, and many competitors, including major integrated and independent oil and gas companies, as well as national oil companies, are larger and have substantially greater resources at their disposal than we do. We compete with these companies for the acquisition of oil and natural gas leases and other properties. We also compete with these companies for equipment and personnel, including petroleum engineers, geologists, geophysicists and other specialists, required to develop and operate those properties and in the marketing of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas to end-users. Such competition can significantly increase costs and affect the availability of resources, which could provide our larger competitors a competitive advantage when acquiring equipment, leases and other properties. They may also be able to use their greater resources to attract and retain experienced personnel.
Many of our major projects and operations are conducted jointly with other parties, which may decrease our ability to manage risk.
We often enter into arrangements to conduct certain business operations, such as oil and gas exploration and production with other parties in order to share risks associated with those operations. However, these arrangements also may decrease our ability to manage risks and costs, particularly where we are not the operator. We could have limited influence over and control of the behaviors and performance of these operations. In addition, misconduct, fraud, noncompliance with applicable laws and regulations or improper activities by or on behalf of one or more of our partners or co-working interest owners could have a significant negative impact on our business and reputation.
Our operations are subject to business interruptions and casualty losses. We do not insure against all potential losses and therefore we could be seriously harmed by unexpected liabilities and increased costs.
Our United States and International operations are subject to unplanned occurrences, including blowouts, explosions, fires, loss of well control, spills, tornadoes, hurricanes and other adverse weather, tsunamis, earthquakes, volcanic eruptions or nuclear or other disasters, labor disputes and accidents. These same risks can be applied to the third-parties which transport our products from our facilities. A prolonged disruption in the ability of any pipelines, rail cars, trucks, or vessels to transport our production could contribute to a business interruption or increase costs.
Our operations are also subject to the additional hazards of pollution, releases of toxic gas and other environmental hazards and risks. These hazards could result in serious personal injury or loss of human life, significant damage to property and equipment, environmental pollution, impairment of operations and substantial losses to us. Various hazards have adversely affected us in the past, and damages resulting from a catastrophic occurrence in the future involving us or any of our assets or operations may result in our being named as a defendant in one or more lawsuits asserting potentially large claims or in our being assessed potentially substantial fines by governmental authorities. We maintain insurance against many, but not all, potential losses or liabilities arising from operating hazards in amounts that we believe to be prudent. Uninsured losses and liabilities arising from operating hazards could reduce the funds available to us for capital, exploration and investment spending and could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Historically, we have maintained insurance coverage for physical damage including at times resulting business interruption to our major onshore and offshore facilities, with significant self-insured retentions. In the future, we may not be able to maintain or obtain insurance of the type and amount we desire at reasonable rates. As a result of market conditions, premiums and deductibles for our insurance policies will change over time and could escalate. In some instances, certain insurance could become unavailable or available only for reduced amounts of coverage.
Litigation by private plaintiffs or government officials or entities could adversely affect our performance.
We currently are defending litigation and anticipate that we will be required to defend new litigation in the future. The subject matter of such litigation may include releases of hazardous substances from our facilities, privacy laws, contract disputes, royalty disputes or any other laws or regulations that apply to our operations. In some cases the plaintiff or plaintiffs seek alleged damages involving large classes of potential litigants, and may allege damages relating to extended periods of time or other alleged facts and circumstances. If we are not able to successfully defend such claims, they may result in substantial liability. We do not have insurance covering all of these potential liabilities. In addition to substantial liability, litigation may also seek injunctive relief which could have an adverse effect on our future operations.
For instance, government entities and other groups have filed lawsuits in several states seeking to hold a wide variety of companies that produce fossil fuels liable for the alleged impacts of the greenhouse gas emissions and other alleged harm attributable to those fuels. The lawsuits allege damages as a result of global warming and the plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages and abatement under various theories. Marathon Oil has been named as a defendant in several of these lawsuits, along with numerous other companies. Similar lawsuits may be filed in other jurisdictions. The ultimate outcome and impact to us

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cannot be predicted with certainty, and we could incur substantial legal costs associated with defending these and similar lawsuits in the future.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments
None.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings
We are a defendant in a number of legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business, including, but not limited to, royalty claims, contract claims, tax disputes and environmental claims. While the ultimate outcome and impact to us cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the resolution of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for a description of such legal and administrative proceedings.
Environmental Proceedings
The following is a summary of certain proceedings involving us that were pending or contemplated as of December 31, 2019, under federal and state environmental laws.
Government entities have filed lawsuits in several states seeking to hold a wide variety of companies that produce fossil fuels liable for the alleged impacts of the greenhouse gas emissions and other alleged harm attributable to those fuels. The lawsuits allege damages as a result of global warming and the plaintiffs are seeking unspecified damages and abatement under various theories. Marathon Oil has been named as a defendant in several of these lawsuits, along with numerous other companies. Similar lawsuits may be filed in other jurisdictions. While the ultimate outcome and impact to us cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe that the claims made against us are without merit and will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow.
As of December 31, 2019, we have sites across the country where remediation is being sought under environmental statutes, both federal and state, or where private parties are seeking remediation through discussions or litigation.  Based on currently available information the accrued amount to address the clean-up and remediation costs connected with these sites is not material.
In December 2019, we received a Notice of Violation from the North Dakota Department of Environmental Quality and a verbal notice of enforcement in January 2020 from the North Dakota Industrial Commission, related to a release of produced water in North Dakota. In January 2020, we received a Notice of Violation from the EPA related to the Clean Air Act. Each enforcement action will likely result in monetary sanctions in excess of $100,000; however, we do not believe these enforcement actions would have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flow. 

If our assumptions relating to these costs prove to be inaccurate, future expenditures may exceed our accrued amounts. 
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures
Not applicable.

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PART II
Item 5.   Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The principal market on which Marathon Oil common stock is traded is the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), and is traded under the trading symbol ‘MRO’. As of January 31, 2020, there were 28,346 registered holders of Marathon Oil common stock.
Dividends – Our Board of Directors intends to declare and pay dividends on Marathon Oil common stock based on our financial condition and results of operations, although it has no obligation under Delaware law or the restated certificate of incorporation to do so. In determining our dividend policy, the Board of Directors will rely on our consolidated financial statements. Dividends on Marathon Oil common stock are limited to our legally available funds.
The following table provides information about purchases by Marathon Oil and its affiliated purchaser, during the quarter ended December 31, 2019, of equity securities that are registered by Marathon Oil pursuant to Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased(a)
 
Average Price Paid per Share
 
Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs(b)
 
Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs(b)
10/01/2019 - 10/31/2019
1,619,594

 
$
11.65

 
1,567,951

 
$
1,452,022,646

11/01/2019 - 11/30/2019
155,575

 
$
11.56

 
150,386

 
$
1,450,286,198

12/01/2019 - 12/31/2019
3,515,651

 
$
12.86

 
3,514,490

 
$
1,405,076,614

Total
5,290,820

 
$
12.45

 
5,232,827

 
 
(a) 
57,993 shares of restricted stock were delivered by employees to Marathon Oil, upon vesting, to satisfy tax withholding requirements.
(b) 
In January 2006, we announced a $2 billion share repurchase program. Our Board of Directors subsequently increased the authorization for repurchases under the program by $500 million in January 2007, by $500 million in May 2007, by $2 billion in July 2007, by $1.2 billion in December 2013 and by $950 million in July 2019 for a total authorized amount of $7.2 billion.
Purchases under the program are made at our discretion and may be in either open market transactions, including block purchases, or in privately negotiated transactions using cash on hand, cash generated from operations, proceeds from potential asset sales or cash from available borrowings to acquire shares. This program may be changed based upon our financial condition or changes in market conditions and is subject to termination by the Board of Directors prior to completion. Shares repurchased as of December 31, 2019 were held as treasury stock.


26


Item 6.   Selected Financial Data
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions, except per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Statement of Income Data(a)
 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
Total revenues and other income
$
5,190

 
$
6,582

 
$
4,765

 
$
3,787

 
$
4,953

Income (loss) from continuing operations
480

 
1,096

 
(830
)
 
(2,087
)
 
(1,701
)
Discontinued operations(b)

 

 
(4,893
)
 
(53
)
 
(503
)
Net income (loss)
480

 
1,096

 
(5,723
)
 
(2,140
)
 
(2,204
)
Per Share Data(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(0.97
)
 
$
(2.55
)
 
$
(2.51
)
Discontinued operations(b)
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
 
$
(0.06
)
 
$
(0.75
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(6.73
)
 
$
(2.61
)
 
$
(3.26
)
Diluted:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(0.97
)
 
$
(2.55
)
 
$
(2.51
)
Discontinued operations(b)
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
 
$
(0.06
)
 
$
(0.75
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(6.73
)
 
$
(2.61
)
 
$
(3.26
)
Statement of Cash Flows Data
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Additions to property, plant and equipment related to continuing operations
$
(2,550
)
 
$
(2,753
)
 
$
(1,974
)
 
$
(1,204
)
 
$
(3,485
)
Dividends paid
(162
)
 
(169
)
 
(170
)
 
(162
)
 
(460
)
Dividends per share
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.68

Balance Sheet Data at December 31
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets
$
20,245

 
$
21,321

 
$
22,012

 
$
31,094

 
$
32,311

Total long-term debt, including capitalized leases
5,501

 
5,499

 
5,494

 
6,581

 
7,268

Leases:(c)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ROU asset
199

 

 

 

 

Current portion of long-term lease liability
101

 
62

 
29

 
30

 
31

Long-term lease liability
107

 
155

 
90

 
146

 
147

(a) 
December 31, 2016 includes the increase of a valuation allowance on certain of our deferred tax assets for $1,346 million.
(b) 
We closed on the sale of our Canada business in 2017 and have reflected this business as Discontinued Operations in the periods presented.
(c) 
Note the prospective adoption of the lease accounting standard on January 1, 2019. Therefore, current and long-term portions for leases in years 2018 through 2015 do not reflect adoption of the new lease accounting standard. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 2 and Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.

Supplemental information affecting comparability of selected financial data is shown below.
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Proved property impairment
$
24

 
$
75

 
$
229

 
$
67

 
$
381

Unproved property impairment
98

 
208

 
246

 
195

 
655

Goodwill impairment

 

 

 

 
340



27



Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with the information under Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data and the other financial information found elsewhere in this Form 10-K. The following discussion includes forward-looking statements that involve certain risks and uncertainties. See “Disclosures Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” (immediately prior to Part I) and Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Each of our two reportable operating segments are organized by geographic location and managed according to the nature of the products and services offered.
United States – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas in the United States;
International – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas outside of the United States and produces and markets products manufactured from natural gas, such as LNG and methanol, in E.G.
Executive Overview
We are an independent exploration and production company based in Houston, Texas. Our strategy is to deliver competitive and improving corporate level returns by focusing our capital investment in the lower cost, higher margin U.S. resource plays (the Eagle Ford in Texas, the Bakken in North Dakota, STACK and SCOOP in Oklahoma and Northern Delaware in New Mexico). We will continue to be guided by maintaining a strong balance sheet, prioritizing sustainable cash flow over a wide range of commodity prices and returning capital to shareholders.
Key 2019 highlights include:
Simplifying and concentrating our portfolio
In the first quarter of 2019, we closed the sale of our working interest in the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico) for a pre-tax gain of $42 million.
In the second quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan for proceeds of $63 million, before closing adjustments.
In July 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business for proceeds of approximately $95 million, reflecting the assumption by the buyer of working capital and cash equivalent balances, asset retirement obligations of $966 million, as well as pension obligations.
In the third quarter of 2019, we secured a 25% non-operated working interest partner in our Louisiana Austin Chalk acreage.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, we acquired approximately 18,000 net acres in the Eagle Ford for $191 million and approximately 40,000 acres in a Texas Delaware oil play in West Texas for $106 million.
Strengthened balance sheet and liquidity
In July 2019, the Board of Directors authorized a $950 million increase to our share purchase program. During 2019, we returned additional capital to shareholders by acquiring 24 million of common shares at a cost of $345 million, with $1.4 billion of repurchase authorization remaining at year-end.
Cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations decreased by 15%, compared to the same period last year, to $2.7 billion primarily as a result of decreased commodity price realizations.
During the fourth quarter 2019, completed three leverage neutral finance transactions that extend maturities, generate annual cash cost savings, and reflect our commitment to maintaining a strong balance sheet and investment grade credit ratings at all primary rating agencies.
Financial and operational results
Total net sales volumes for the year were 414 mboed, including 323 mboed in the U.S. Our U.S. net sales volumes increased 8% and our wells to sales increased 11% compared to 2018.
Added proved reserves of 110 mmboe for a reserve replacement ratio of 74%.
Our net income per share from continuing operations was $0.59 in 2019 as compared to a net income per share of $1.30 last year. Included in 2019 net income are:
A decrease in revenues of approximately 14% compared to 2018, as a result of decreased commodity price realizations and lower net sales volumes in our International segment due to dispositions, partially offset by

28


increased net sales volumes in the U.S.
Our net gain on disposal of assets decreased $269 million in 2019 primarily due to the sale of our Libya subsidiary for a pre-tax gain of $255 million in 2018.
Exploration and impairment expenses decreased by $191 million to $173 million, year over year, primarily a result of non-cash impairment charges on proved and unproved properties in the prior year. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Production expense decreased 15% during 2019 as a result of dispositions in our International segment and our focus on reducing costs in our U.S. resource plays.
Income tax benefit was $88 million in 2019 primarily as a result of the $126 million settlement of the 2010-2011 U.S. Federal Tax Audit, primarily related to AMT credits. See Consolidated Results of Operations: 2019 compared to 2018 section below and Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 and Note 25 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Outlook
Capital Budget
On February 12, 2020, we announced our total 2020 Capital Budget of $2.4 billion, which includes $2.2 billion of development capital and $200 million to fund REx. Our 2020 development capital budget is weighted towards the four U.S. resource plays with approximately 70% allocated to the Eagle Ford and Bakken and the remaining allocated between the Northern Delaware and Oklahoma.
Our 2020 Capital Budget is broken down by reportable segment in the table below:
(In millions)
Capital Budget
United States(a)
$
2,370

International and corporate other(b)
30

Total Capital Budget
$
2,400

(a) 
Includes approximately $200 million of spend to fund REx.
(b) 
International and corporate other includes our International segment and other corporate items.

Operations
Net sales volumes increased by 8% in 2019 in the U.S. segment with new wells to sales across the U.S. resource plays. The International segment had lower net sales volumes in 2019 as a result of dispositions and natural decline in E.G. The following table presents a summary of our sales volumes for each of our segments (refer to the Results of Operations section for a price-volume analysis for each of the segments).
Net Sales Volumes
2019
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2018
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2017
United States (mboed)
323

 
8
 %
 
298
 
27
 %
 
234
International (mboed)(a)
91

 
(25
)%
 
122
 
(16
)%
 
145
Total continuing operations (mboed)
414

 
(1
)%
 
420
 
11
 %
 
379
(a)  
We closed on the sale of our Libya subsidiary in the first quarter of 2018, our interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan in the second quarter of 2019 and our U.K. business in the third quarter of 2019. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on dispositions.

29


United States
Net sales volumes in the segment were higher during the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily as a result of new wells to sales in our U.S. resource plays. The following tables provide additional details regarding net sales volumes, sales mix and operational drilling activity for our significant operations within this segment:
Net Sales Volumes
2019
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2018
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2017
 Equivalent Barrels (mboed)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford
106

 
(2
)%
 
108

 
7
 %
 
101

Bakken
103

 
23
 %
 
84

 
50
 %
 
56

Oklahoma
78

 
5
 %
 
74

 
37
 %
 
54

Northern Delaware
28

 
40
 %
 
20

 
233
 %
 
6

Other United States
8

 
(33
)%
 
12

 
(29
)%
 
17

Total United States (mboed)
323

 
8
 %
 
298

 
27
 %
 
234

Sales Mix - U.S. Resource Plays - 2019
Eagle Ford
 
Bakken
 
Oklahoma
 
Northern Delaware
 
Total
Crude oil and condensate
59%
 
84%
 
27%
 
58%
 
59%
Natural gas liquids
21%
 
9%
 
28%
 
20%
 
18%
Natural gas
20%
 
7%
 
45%
 
22%
 
23%
Drilling Activity - U.S. Resource Plays
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Gross Operated
 
 
 
 
 
Eagle Ford:
 
 
 
 
 
Wells drilled to total depth
127
 
123
 
182
Wells brought to sales
146
 
149
 
157
Bakken:
 
 
 
 
 
Wells drilled to total depth
73
 
78
 
90
Wells brought to sales
105
 
80
 
39
Oklahoma:
 
 
 
 
 
Wells drilled to total depth
68
 
55
 
86
Wells brought to sales
69
 
57
 
73
Northern Delaware:
 
 
 
 
 
Wells drilled to total depth
51
 
69
 
27
Wells brought to sales
54
 
52
 
18
Eagle Ford – In 2019, our net sales volumes were 106 mboed including oil sales of 63 mbbld. We brought 146 gross company-operated wells to sales across Karnes, Atascosa, and Gonzales counties with strong initial production rates. The third and fourth quarters of 2019 represented the two strongest quarters in the history of the asset on a 30-day initial production basis for oil. Eagle Ford fourth quarter oil mix increased to 63%, up from 57% in the prior-year quarter. Completed well costs during fourth quarter averaged $5.1 million, or 8% below the 2018 average.
Bakken – In 2019, our net sales volumes of 103 mboed with oil sales volume of 86 mbbld. We brought 105 gross company-operated wells to sales in 2019. Fourth quarter 2019 was characterized by strong operations with the asset establishing new quarterly records for both drilling feet per day and completion stages per day. We continue to deliver capital efficiency and accretive financial returns, highlighted by a recent four-well pad in Myrmidon at an average completed well cost of $4.3 million. Wells to sales during the fourth quarter 2019 had an average completed well cost below $5 million, 17% below the 2018 average.
Oklahoma – In 2019, our net sales volumes were 78 mboed including oil sales volumes of 21 mbbld. During the fourth quarter, oil mix rose to 29% in 2019 from 24% in the fourth quarter 2018. We brought 69 gross company-operated wells to sales in 2019, including nine wells targeting the Springer formation in the SCOOP in the fourth quarter 2019. The nine Springer wells are demonstrating solid productivity.

30


Northern Delaware – Our 2019 net sales volumes were 28 mboed with oil sales volumes of 16 mbbld. We brought 54 gross company-operated wells to sales, with a focus on the delineation of our Red Hills acreage in 2019. Since this transition to Red Hills delineation, we have brought online nine Upper Wolfcamp wells and four Bone Spring wells. We continue to advance learnings, reduce cost structure, and improve margins, exiting the year with about 90% of water and oil on pipe.
International
Net sales volumes in the segment were lower during the year ended December 31, 2019 primarily due to E.G. planned maintenance activities and natural field decline, coupled with the dispositions of our U.K. business and our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan. The following table provides details regarding net sales volumes for our significant operations within this segment:
Net Sales Volumes
2019
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2018
 
Increase
(Decrease)
 
2017
Equivalent Barrels (mboed)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Equatorial Guinea
85

 
(12
)%
 
97

 
(11
)%
 
109

United Kingdom(a)
5

 
(62
)%
 
13

 
(7
)%
 
14

Libya

 
(100
)%
 
8

 
(60
)%
 
20

Other International
1

 
(75
)%
 
4

 
100
 %
 
2

Total International
91

 
(25
)%
 
122

 
(16
)%
 
145

Equity Method Investees
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
LNG (mtd)
4,933

 
(15
)%
 
5,805

 
(10
)%
 
6,423

Methanol (mtd)
1,082

 
(13
)%
 
1,241

 
(10
)%
 
1,374

Condensate and LPG (boed)
11,104

 
(15
)%
 
13,034

 
(10
)%
 
14,501

(a)     Includes natural gas acquired for injection and subsequent resale.
Equatorial Guinea – Net sales volumes in 2019 were lower than 2018 as a result of the planned triennial turnaround completed in 2019 and natural field decline.
United Kingdom – During 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
Libya – During the first quarter of 2018, we closed on the sale of our subsidiary in Libya. See Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
Equity Method Investees – Net sales volumes in 2019 are tied to the volumes in Equatorial Guinea which were lower in the current year as noted above.
Market Conditions
Crude oil and condensate and NGLs benchmarks decreased in 2019 as compared to the same period in 2018. As a result, we experienced decreased price realizations associated with those benchmarks. We continue to expect crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas benchmark prices to remain volatile based on global supply and demand, which will result in increases or decreases in our price realizations during 2020. See Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition – Critical Accounting Estimates for further discussion of how declines in these commodity prices could impact us.

31


United States
 The following table presents our average price realizations and the related benchmarks for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
 
2019
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2018
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2017
Average Price Realizations(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crude oil and condensate (per bbl)(b)
$
55.80

 
(12
)%
 
$
63.11

 
28
 %
 
$
49.35

Natural gas liquids (per bbl)
14.22

 
(42
)%
 
24.54

 
19
 %
 
20.55

Natural gas (per mcf)(c)
2.18

 
(18
)%
 
2.65

 
(7
)%
 
2.84

Benchmarks
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
WTI crude oil average of daily prices (per bbl)
$
57.04

 
(12
)%
 
$
64.90

 
28
 %
 
$
50.85

Magellan East Houston (“MEH”) crude oil average of daily prices (per bbl)(d)
61.96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
LLS crude oil average of daily prices (per bbl)(d)
 
 


 
70.04

 
30
 %
 
54.04

Mont Belvieu NGLs (per bbl)(e)
17.81

 
(33
)%
 
26.75

 
21
 %
 
22.04

Henry Hub natural gas settlement date average (per mmbtu)
2.63

 
(15
)%
 
3.09

 
(1
)%
 
3.11

(a) 
Excludes gains or losses on commodity derivative instruments.
(b) 
Inclusion of realized gains (losses) on crude oil derivative instruments would have impacted average price realizations by $0.67 per bbl, $(4.60) per bbl, and $0.75 per bbl for 2019, 2018, and 2017.
(c) 
Inclusion of realized gains (losses) on natural gas derivative instruments would have a minimal impact on average price realizations for the periods presented.
(d) 
Benchmark change due to industry shift to MEH in the first quarter of 2019.
(e) 
Bloomberg Finance LLP: Y-grade Mix NGL of 55% ethane, 25% propane, 5% butane, 8% isobutane and 7% natural gasoline.
Crude oil and condensate – Price realizations may differ from benchmarks due to the quality and location of the product.
Natural gas liquids – The majority of our sales volumes are at reference to Mont Belvieu prices.
Natural gas A significant portion of volumes are sold at bid-week prices, or first-of-month indices relative to our producing areas.  
International
The following table presents our average price realizations and the related benchmark for crude oil for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
 
2019
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2018
 
Increase (Decrease)
 
2017
Average Price Realizations
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Crude oil and condensate (per bbl)
$
53.09

 
(17
)%
 
$
64.25

 
21
 %
 
$
53.05

Natural gas liquids (per bbl)
1.40

 
(38
)%
 
2.27

 
(28
)%
 
3.15

Natural gas (per mcf)
0.33

 
(39
)%
 
0.54

 
(2
)%
 
0.55

Benchmark
 
 


 
 
 


 
 
Brent (Europe) crude oil (per bbl)(a)
$
64.36

 
(9
)%
 
$
71.06

 
31
 %
 
$
54.25

(a) 
Average of monthly prices obtained from the United States Energy Information Agency website.

United Kingdom
Crude oil and condensate Generally sold in relation to the Brent crude benchmark. We closed on the sale of our U.K. business on July 1, 2019.
Equatorial Guinea
Crude oil and condensate Alba Field liquids production is primarily condensate and generally sold in relation to the Brent crude benchmark. Alba Plant LLC processes the rich hydrocarbon gas which is supplied by the Alba Field under a

32


fixed-price long term contract. Alba Plant LLC extracts NGLs and secondary condensate which is then sold by Alba Plant LLC at market prices, with our share of the revenue reflected in income from equity method investments on the consolidated statements of income. Alba Plant LLC delivers the processed dry natural gas to the Alba Field for distribution and sale to AMPCO and EG LNG.
Natural gas liquids Wet gas is sold to Alba Plant LLC at a fixed-price term contract resulting in realized prices not tracking market price. Alba Plant LLC extracts and keeps NGLs, which are sold at market price, with our share of income from Alba Plant LLC being reflected in the income from equity method investments on the consolidated statements of income.

Natural gas Dry natural gas, processed by Alba Plant LLC on behalf of the Alba Field, is sold by the Alba Field to EG LNG and AMPCO at fixed-price long term contracts resulting in realized prices not tracking market price. We derive additional value from the equity investment in our downstream gas processing units EG LNG and AMPCO. EG LNG sells LNG on a market-based long term contract and AMPCO markets methanol at market prices.
Consolidated Results of Operations: 2019 compared to 2018
Revenues from contracts with customers are presented by segment in the table below:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Revenues from contracts with customers
 
 
 
United States
$
4,602

 
$
4,886

International
461

 
1,016

Segment revenues from contracts with customers
$
5,063

 
$
5,902

Below is a price/volume analysis for each segment. Refer to the preceding Operations and Market Conditions sections for additional detail related to our net sales volumes and average price realizations.
 
 
 
 
Increase (Decrease) Related to
 
 
(In millions)
 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
Price Realizations
 
Net Sales Volumes
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
United States Price/Volume Analysis
Crude oil and condensate
 
$
3,947

 
$
(510
)
 
$
450

 
$
3,887

Natural gas liquids
 
495

 
(223
)
 
35

 
307

Natural gas
 
413

 
(75
)
 
11

 
349

Other sales
 
31

 
 
 
 
 
59

Total
 
$
4,886

 
 
 
 
 
$
4,602

International Price/Volume Analysis
Crude oil and condensate
 
$
888

 
$
(83
)
 
$
(407
)
 
$
398

Natural gas liquids
 
9

 
(3
)
 
(1
)
 
5

Natural gas
 
86

 
(29
)
 
(13
)
 
44

Other sales
 
33

 
 
 
 
 
14

Total
 
$
1,016

 
 
 
 
 
$
461

Net loss on commodity derivatives increased $58 million in 2019 from 2018. We have multiple crude oil and natural gas derivative contracts indexed to NYMEX WTI and Henry Hub. We record commodity derivative gains/losses as the respective index pricing and forward curves change each period. See Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements for further information.
Income from equity method investments decreased $138 million as a result of lower price realizations and lower net sales volumes due to the 2019 triennial turnaround in E.G. and natural decline of the Alba field which resulted in lower net sales volumes for equity method investments.
Net gain on disposal of assets decreased $269 million in 2019 from 2018. This decrease was primarily related to the 2018 sale of our Libya subsidiary for a pre-tax gain of $255 million. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for information about these dispositions.

33


Other income decreased $88 million in 2019 from 2018 primarily due to the 2018 reduction of our U.K. asset retirement obligation, versus the 2019 indemnification of certain tax liabilities in connection with the closure of the 2010-2011 Federal Tax Audit with the IRS. This indemnity relates to tax and interest allocable to MPC as a result of the IRS Audit in accordance with the Tax Sharing Agreement. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for detail about our asset retirement obligation.
Production expenses decreased $130 million during 2019 from 2018. The International segment decreased $89 million primarily due to dispositions, which included the sale of our U.K. business on July 1, 2019. Our United States segment decreased $37 million primarily due to reduced water hauling costs with more water on pipe in the Northern Delaware and non-core asset dispositions in the Gulf of Mexico during 2018, slightly offset by increased water handling in Bakken due to more producing wells in 2019 than in 2018.
The production expense rate (per boe) declined during 2019 in the United States as a result of continued focus on cost reduction as well as higher net sales volumes.
The following table provides production expense and production expense rates for each segment:
(In millions/$ per boe)
2019
2018
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019
2018
Increase (Decrease)
Production Expense and Production Expense Rate
Expense
 
Rate
United States
$
588

$
625

(6
)%
 
$
4.98

$
5.75

(13
)%
International
$
126

$
215

(41
)%
 
$
3.76

$
4.86

(23
)%
Shipping, handling and other operating expenses increased $30 million in 2019 from 2018 primarily as a result of increased sales volumes in our United States segment, partially offset by the sale of our U.K. business in the International segment.
 Exploration expenses decreased $140 million during 2019 versus the comparable 2018. Decreases in unproved property impairments were driven by changes in impairment assumptions based on actual development experience. Also in 2018, there was $32 million of dry well costs and $16 million in unproved property impairments related to the Rodo well in Alba Block Sub Area B, offshore E.G. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements for details of these items.
The following table summarizes the components of exploration expenses:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
Increase (Decrease)
Exploration Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
Unproved property impairments
$
98

 
$
208

 
(53
)%
Dry well costs
16

 
47

 
(66
)%
Geological and geophysical
18

 
21

 
(14
)%
Other
17

 
13

 
31
 %
Total exploration expenses
$
149

 
$
289

 
(48
)%
Depreciation, depletion and amortization decreased $44 million in 2019 from 2018 primarily as a result of dispositions which included the sale of our U.K. business and the sale of certain non-core asset dispositions in our United States segment. Adding to the decrease were lower 2019 production volumes in E.G. Our segments apply the units-of-production method to the majority of their assets, including capitalized asset retirement costs; therefore, volumes have an impact on DD&A expense.
The DD&A rate (per boe), which is impacted by field-level changes in reserves, capitalized costs and sales volumes, can also impact our DD&A expense. The DD&A rate for International decreased primarily as a result of dispositions. Our United States DD&A rate decreased in 2019 primarily due to reserve additions as well as non-core asset dispositions in 2018.

34


The following table provides DD&A expense and DD&A expense rates for each segment:
(In millions/$ per boe)
2019
2018
Increase (Decrease)
 
2019
2018
Increase (Decrease)

DD&A Expense and DD&A Expense Rate
Expense
 
Rate
United States
$
2,250

$
2,217

1
 %
 
$
19.07

$
20.39

(6
)%
International
$
121

$
197

(39
)%
 
$
3.61

$
4.44

(19
)%
 Impairments decreased $51 million in 2019 from 2018 as a result of lower anticipated sales of certain non-core proved properties in our International and United States segments in the current period. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 11 to the consolidated financial statement for detail of proved property impairments each year. 
General and administrative expenses decreased $38 million in 2019 compared to 2018. This was primarily the result of decreased compensation costs.
Provision (benefit) for income taxes reflects an effective tax benefit rate of 22% for 2019, as compared to an effective income tax expense rate of 23% for 2018. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for a discussion of the effective income tax rate.
Segment Results: 2019 compared to 2018
Segment Income
Segment income represents income which excludes certain items not allocated to our operating segments, net of income taxes. A portion of our corporate and operations general and administrative support costs are not allocated to the operating segments. These unallocated costs primarily consist of employment costs (including pension effects), professional services, facilities and other costs associated with corporate and operations support activities. Additionally, items which affect comparability such as: gains or losses on dispositions, certain property impairments, certain exploration expenses relating to a strategic decision to exit conventional exploration, unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivative instruments, pension settlement losses or other items (as determined by the CODM) are not allocated to operating segments.
The following table reconciles segment income to net income:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
Increase (Decrease)
United States
$
675

 
$
608

 
11
 %
International
233

 
473

 
(51
)%
Segment income
908

 
1,081

 
(16
)%
Items not allocated to segments, net of income taxes(a)
(428
)
 
15

 
(2,953
)%
Net income
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
(56
)%
(a) 
See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 7 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail about items not allocated to segments.
 United States segment income increased $67 million after-tax in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to a net gain on commodity derivatives in 2019 versus net loss on commodity derivatives in 2018, as well as lower exploration costs. This increase was partially offset by lower price realizations along with increases in certain expenses as a result of higher net sales volumes.
 International segment income decreased $240 million after-tax in 2019 compared to 2018 primarily due to lower income from our equity method investments and our operations in E.G. as a result of lower sales volumes and price realizations, offset by lower costs and taxes due to dispositions. Sales volumes decreased due to the planned triennial turnaround in E.G. completed in the first quarter 2019 and natural field decline in E.G. The income decrease was also attributed to dispositions of our U.K. business and our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan.

35


Consolidated Results of Operations: 2018 compared to 2017
A detailed discussion of the year-over-year changes from the year ended December 31, 2018 to December 31, 2017 can be found in the Management’s Discussion and Analysis section of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition, Cash Flows and Liquidity
Commodity prices are the most significant factor impacting our operating cash flows and the amount of capital available to reinvest into the business. In 2019, we experienced a decrease in operating cash flows primarily as a result of lower commodity realizations, of which crude oil and condensate price realizations decreased by 12% to $55.54 per barrel.
During 2019 our cash flow highlights include:
We returned capital to shareholders by executing $345 million of share repurchases along with $162 million in dividend payments.
Asset acquisitions during the year of $293 million were paid with cash on hand.
Cash and cash equivalents decreased $604 million to $858 million at December 31, 2019.
During the fourth quarter, we completed three leverage neutral finance transactions which extend maturities and generate annual cash savings.
At December 31, 2019, we had approximately $3.9 billion of liquidity consisting of $858 million in cash and cash equivalents and $3.0 billion available under our revolving credit facility. In September 2019, we entered into an amendment to our Credit Facility to reduce the maximum borrowing from $3.4 billion to $3.0 billion and extended the maturity date by one year to May 28, 2023. As previously discussed in the Outlook section, we are targeting a $2.4 billion Capital Budget for 2020. We believe our current liquidity level, cash flow from operations and ability to access the capital markets provides us with the flexibility to fund our business across a wide range of commodity price environments.
Cash Flows
The following table presents sources and uses of cash and cash equivalents for 2019 and 2018:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Sources of cash and cash equivalents
 

 
 

Operating activities
$
2,749

 
$
3,234

Disposal of assets, net of cash transferred to the buyer
(76
)
 
1,264

Borrowings
600

 

Other
65

 
93

Total sources of cash and cash equivalents
$
3,338

 
$
4,591

Uses of cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
Additions to property, plant and equipment
$
(2,550
)
 
$
(2,753
)
Additions to other assets
36

 
(26
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(293
)
 
(25
)
Purchases of common stock
(362
)
 
(713
)
Debt repayments
(600
)
 

Dividends paid
(162
)
 
(169
)
Other
(11
)
 
(6
)
Total uses of cash and cash equivalents
$
(3,942
)
 
$
(3,692
)
Cash flows generated from operating activities in 2019 were 15% lower as commodity price realizations decreased 13% along with lower net sales volumes in our International segment as a result of E.G. planned maintenance and natural field decline, coupled with dispositions.


36


Disposals of assets in 2019 were primarily related to proceeds, net of the cash transferred to the buyer, with the sale of our U.K. business; partially offset by the proceeds received from the sale of a 25% non-operated working interest in the Louisiana Austin Chalk as well as the sale of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan. Proceeds from the disposals of assets for 2018 are primarily related to our non-operated interest in Libya, as well as the remaining proceeds from the sale of our Canadian business. Disposition transactions are discussed in further detail in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
Additions to property, plant and equipment in 2019 totaled $2.6 billion, consistent with expectations (last year, we communicated our $2.6 billion Capital Budget consisted of $2.4 billion in development capital and $200 million to fund resource play exploration.
The following table shows capital expenditures by segment and reconciles to additions to property, plant and equipment as presented in the consolidated statements of cash flows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
United States (a)
$
2,550

 
$
2,620

International
16

 
39

Corporate
25

 
26

Total capital expenditures
2,591

 
2,685

Change in capital expenditure accrual(a)
(41
)
 
68

Total use of cash and cash equivalents for property, plant and equipment
$
2,550

 
$
2,753

(a) 
The change in capital expenditure accrual includes activity for assets classified as held for sale for the years presented.
Additions to other assets relates to deposits on our resource play exploration program.
In the fourth quarter 2019, we acquired approximately 18,000 net acres in the Eagle Ford for $191 million and approximately 40,000 acres in a Texas Delaware oil play in West Texas for $106 million.
During the fourth quarter 2019, we completed two separate financing transactions resulting in a debt borrowing of $600 million and debt repayment of $600 million, which is further discussed in the Capital Resources section below. Also see Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 17 to the consolidated financial statements for details of these items
During 2019 and 2018, the Board of Directors approved a $0.05 per share quarterly dividend. See Capital Requirements below for additional information about the fourth quarter 2019 dividend.
Available Liquidity
In September 2019, we entered into an amendment to our Credit Facility to reduce the maximum borrowing from $3.4 billion to $3.0 billion and extended the maturity date by one year to May 28, 2023.
Our main sources of liquidity are cash and cash equivalents, internally generated cash flow from operations, sales of non-core assets, capital market transactions, and our revolving Credit Facility. At December 31, 2019, we had approximately $3.9 billion of liquidity consisting of $858 million in cash and cash equivalents and $3.0 billion available under our revolving Credit Facility. Our working capital requirements are supported by these sources and we may issue either commercial paper backed by our revolving Credit Facility or draw on our revolving credit facility to meet short-term cash requirements, or issue debt or equity securities through the shelf registration statement discussed below as part of our longer-term liquidity and capital management program. Because of the alternatives available to us as discussed above, we believe that our short-term and long-term liquidity are adequate to fund not only our current operations, but also our near-term and long-term funding requirements including our capital spending programs, dividend payments, defined benefit plan contributions, repayment of debt maturities, and other amounts that may ultimately be paid in connection with contingencies.
General economic conditions, commodity prices, and financial, business and other factors could affect our operations and our ability to access the capital markets. Our corporate credit ratings as of December 31, 2019 are: Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services BBB (stable); Fitch Ratings BBB (stable); and Moody’s Investor Services, Inc. Baa3 (stable). We are rated investment grade at all three primary credit rating agencies. In addition, we also have the ability to borrow on our U.S. commercial paper program, which is backed by the revolving credit facility. A downgrade in our credit ratings could increase our future cost of financing or limit our ability to access capital, and result in additional collateral requirements. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a discussion of how a downgrade in our credit ratings could affect us.

37


We may incur additional debt in order to fund our capital expenditures, acquisitions or development activities, or for general corporate or other purposes. A higher level of indebtedness could increase the risk that our liquidity and financial flexibility deteriorates. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for a further discussion of how our level of indebtedness could affect us.
Capital Resources
Credit Arrangements and Borrowings
At December 31, 2019, we had no borrowings against our Credit Facility or under our U.S. commercial paper program that is backed by the Credit Facility.
At December 31, 2019, we had $5.5 billion in long-term debt outstanding. We do not have any triggers on any of our corporate debt that would cause an event of default in the case of a downgrade of our credit ratings.
On October 1, 2019, we closed a $600 million remarketing to investors of sub-series A bonds which are part of the $1.0 billion St. John the Baptist, State of Louisiana revenue refunding bonds originally issued and purchased in December 2017. The $600 million in proceeds from the conversion and remarketing were used to pay the purchase price of our converted 2017 bonds on the closing date. We continue to own the remaining $400 million of the revenue refunding bonds and have the right to convert and remarket them to investors at any time up to the 2037 maturity date.
On October 3, 2019, we redeemed our $600 million 2.7% senior unsecured notes due June 2020. Our next debt maturity is the $1.0 billion 2.8% senior unsecured notes due 2022.
Shelf Registration
We have a universal shelf registration statement filed with the SEC under which we, as a “well-known seasoned issuer” for purposes of SEC rules, have the ability to issue and sell an indeterminate amount of various types of debt and equity securities.
Asset Disposals
In the third quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business for proceeds of approximately $95 million, reflecting the assumption by the buyer of working capital and cash equivalent balances, asset retirement obligations of $966 million, as well as the pension obligations.
In the second quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan for proceeds of $63 million, before closing adjustments. Disposition transactions are discussed in further detail in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements.
Debt-To-Capital Ratio
The Credit Facility includes a covenant requiring that our ratio of total debt to total capitalization not exceed 65% as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. Our debt-to-capital ratio was 31% at both December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Capital Requirements
Capital Spending
Our approved Capital Budget for 2020 is $2.4 billion. Additional details were previously discussed in Outlook.
Share Repurchase Program
In 2019, we acquired approximately 24 million common shares at a cost of $345 million under our share repurchase program with remaining share repurchase authorization as of December 31, 2019 of $1.4 billion.
Other Expected Cash Outflows
On January 29, 2020, our Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.05 per share for the fourth quarter of 2019. The dividend is payable on March 10, 2020 to shareholders of record on February 19, 2020.
We plan to make contributions of up to $28 million to our funded pension plans during 2020. Cash contributions to be paid from our general assets for the unfunded pension and postretirement plans are expected to be approximately $6 million and $18 million in 2020.

38


Contractual Cash Obligations
The table below provides aggregated information on our consolidated obligations to make future payments under existing contracts as of December 31, 2019.
(In millions)
Total
 
2020
 
2021-
2022
 
2023-
2024
 
Later
Years
Short and long-term debt (includes interest)(a)
$
8,320

 
$
252

 
$
1,538

 
$
1,016

 
$
5,514

Lease obligations(b)
276

 
114

 
98

 
6

 
58

Purchase obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Oil and gas activities(c)
52

 
42

 
2

 
1

 
7

Service and materials contracts(d)
126

 
69

 
54

 
3

 

Transportation and related contracts
1,872

 
225

 
520

 
476

 
651

Other (e)
33

 
29

 
4

 

 

Total purchase obligations
2,083

 
365

 
580

 
480

 
658

Other long-term liabilities reported in the consolidated balance sheet(f)
410

 
32

 
52

 
48

 
278

Total contractual cash obligations(g)
$
11,089

 
$
763

 
$
2,268

 
$
1,550

 
$
6,508

(a) 
Includes anticipated cash payments for interest of $252 million for 2020, $503 million for 2021-2022, $415 million for 2023-2024 and $1.6 billion for the remaining years for a total of $2.8 billion.
(b) 
Includes project costs incurred as of December 31, 2019 for new build-to-suit office building in Houston, Texas. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements and Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements section below.
(c) 
Oil and gas activities include contracts to acquire property, plant and equipment and commitments for oil and gas exploration such as costs related to contractually obligated exploratory work programs that are expensed immediately.
(d) 
Service and materials contracts include contracts to purchase services such as utilities, supplies and various other maintenance and operating services.
(e) 
Includes any drilling rigs and fracturing crews that are not considered lease obligations.
(f) 
Primarily includes obligations for pension and other postretirement benefits including medical and life insurance. We have estimated projected funding requirements through 2027. Although unrecognized tax benefits are not a contractual obligation, they are presented in this table because they represent potential demands on our liquidity.
(g) 
This table does not include the estimated discounted liability for dismantlement, abandonment and restoration costs of oil and gas properties of $254 million. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 12 to the consolidated financial statements.
Transactions with Related Parties
We own a 63% working interest in the Alba field offshore E.G. Onshore E.G., we own a 52% interest in an LPG processing plant, a 60% interest in an LNG production facility and a 45% interest in a methanol production plant, each through equity method investees. We sell our natural gas from the Alba field to these equity method investees as the feedstock for their production processes.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
Off-balance sheet arrangements comprise those arrangements that may potentially impact our liquidity, capital resources and results of operations, even though such arrangements are not recorded as liabilities under accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. Although off-balance sheet arrangements serve a variety of our business purposes, we are not dependent on these arrangements to maintain our liquidity and capital resources, and we are not aware of any circumstances that are reasonably likely to cause the off-balance sheet arrangements to have a material adverse effect on liquidity and capital resources.
We will issue stand-alone letters of credit when required by a business partner. Such letters of credit outstanding at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 aggregated $14 million, $52 million and $89 million. Most of the letters of credit are in support of obligations recorded in the consolidated balance sheet. In 2019, our letters of credit outstanding decreased as a result of our upgraded credit rating and the sale of our U.K. business (we no longer have requirements to support firm transportation agreements and future abandonment liabilities).
In 2018, we signed an agreement with an owner/lessor to construct and lease a new build-to-suit office building in Houston, Texas. The new Houston office location is expected to be completed in 2021. The lessor and other participants are providing financing for up to $380 million, to fund the estimated project costs. As of December 31, 2019 project costs incurred totaled $58 million, primarily for land acquisition and initial design costs. The initial lease term is five years and will commence once construction is substantially complete and the new Houston office is ready for occupancy. At the end of the initial lease term, we can extend the term of the lease for an additional five years, subject to the approval of the

39


participants; purchase the property subject to certain terms and conditions; or remarket the property to an unrelated third party. The lease contains a residual value guarantee of approximately 89% of the total acquisition and construction costs. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 13 to the consolidated financial statements for further information on leases.
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Environmental Matters, Litigation and Contingencies
We have incurred and will continue to incur capital, operating and maintenance, and remediation expenditures as a result of environmental laws and regulations. If these expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately offset by the prices of our products and services, our operating results will be adversely affected. We believe that substantially all of our competitors must comply with similar environmental laws and regulations. However, the specific impact on each competitor may vary depending on a number of factors, including the age and location of its operating facilities, marketing areas and production processes. These laws generally provide for control of pollutants released into the environment and require responsible parties to undertake remediation of hazardous waste disposal sites. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance.
We accrue for environmental remediation activities when the responsibility to remediate is probable and the amount of associated costs can be reasonably estimated. As environmental remediation matters proceed toward ultimate resolution or as additional remediation obligations arise, charges in excess of those previously accrued may be required.
New or expanded environmental requirements, which could increase our environmental costs, may arise in the future on both state and federal levels. We strive to comply with all legal requirements regarding the environment, but as not all costs are fixed or presently determinable (even under existing legislation) and may be affected by future legislation or regulations, it is not possible to predict all of the ultimate costs of compliance, including remediation costs that may be incurred and penalties that may be imposed.
For more information on environmental regulations that impact us, or could impact us, see Item 1. Business – Environmental, Health and Safety Matters, Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
Critical Accounting Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires us to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the respective reporting periods. Accounting estimates are considered to be critical if (1) the nature of the estimates and assumptions is material due to the levels of subjectivity and judgment necessary to account for highly uncertain matters or the susceptibility of such matters to change, and (2) the impact of the estimates and assumptions on financial condition or operating performance is material. Actual results could differ from the estimates and assumptions used.
Estimated Quantities of Net Reserves
We use the successful efforts method of accounting for our oil and gas producing activities. The successful efforts method inherently relies on the estimation of proved crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves. The amount of estimated proved reserve volumes affect, among other things, whether certain costs are capitalized or expensed, the amount and timing of costs depreciated, depleted or amortized into net income and the presentation of supplemental information on oil and gas producing activities. In addition, the expected future cash flows to be generated by producing properties are used for testing impairment and the expected future taxable income available to realize deferred tax assets, also in part, rely on estimates of quantities of net reserves. Refer to the applicable sections below for further discussion of these accounting estimates.
The estimation of quantities of net reserves is a highly technical process performed by our petroleum engineers and geoscientists for crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, which is based upon several underlying assumptions. The reserve estimates may change as additional information becomes available and as contractual, operational, economic and political conditions change. We evaluate our reserves using drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation and future plans to develop acreage. Technologies used in proved reserves estimation includes statistical analysis of production performance, decline curve analysis, pressure and rate transient analysis, pressure gradient analysis, reservoir simulation and volumetric analysis. The observed statistical nature of production performance coupled with highly certain reservoir continuity or quality within the reliable technology areas and sufficient proved developed locations establish the reasonable certainty criteria required for booking proved reserves. The data for a given reservoir may also change over time as a result of numerous factors including, but not limited to, additional development activity and future development costs, production history and continual reassessment of the viability of future production volumes under varying economic conditions.

40


Reserve estimates are based on an unweighted arithmetic average of commodity prices during the 12-month period, using the closing prices on the first day of each month, as defined by the SEC. The table below provides the 2019 SEC pricing for certain benchmark prices:
 
2019 SEC Pricing
WTI Crude oil (per bbl)
$
55.69

Henry Hub natural gas (per mmbtu)
$
2.58

Brent crude oil (per bbl)
$
63.15

Mont Belvieu NGLs (per bbl)
$
18.41

When determining the December 31, 2019 proved reserves for each property, the benchmark prices listed above were adjusted using price differentials that account for property-specific quality and location differences.
If crude oil prices in the future average below prices used to determine proved reserves at December 31, 2019, it could have an adverse effect on our estimates of proved reserve volumes and the value of our business. Future reserve revisions could also result from changes in capital funding, drilling plans and governmental regulation, among other things. It is difficult to estimate the magnitude of any potential price change and the effect on proved reserves, due to numerous factors (including future crude oil price and performance revisions). For further discussion of risks associated with our estimation of proved reserves, see Part I. Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Depreciation and depletion of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas producing properties is determined by the units-of-production method and could change with revisions to estimated proved reserves. While revisions of previous reserve estimates have not historically been significant to the depreciation and depletion rates of our segments, any reduction in proved reserves, could result in an acceleration of future DD&A expense. The following table illustrates, on average, the sensitivity of each segment’s units-of-production DD&A per boe and pretax income to a hypothetical 10% change in 2019 proved reserves based on 2019 production.
 
Impact of a 10% Increase in Proved Reserves
 
Impact of a 10% Decrease in Proved Reserves
(In millions, except per boe)
DD&A per boe
 
Pretax Income
 
DD&A per boe
 
Pretax Income
United States
$
(1.73
)
 
$
205

 
$
2.12

 
$
(250
)
International
$
(0.33
)
 
$
11

 
$
0.40

 
$
(13
)
Fair Value Estimates
Fair value is the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date. There are three approaches for measuring the fair value of assets and liabilities: the market approach, the income approach and the cost approach, each of which includes multiple valuation techniques. The market approach uses prices and other relevant information generated by market transactions involving identical or comparable assets or liabilities. The income approach uses valuation techniques to measure fair value by converting future amounts, such as cash flows or earnings, into a single present value, or range of present values, using current market expectations about those future amounts. The cost approach is based on the amount that would currently be required to replace the service capacity of an asset. This is often referred to as current replacement cost. The cost approach assumes that the fair value would not exceed what it would cost a market participant to acquire or construct a substitute asset of comparable utility, adjusted for obsolescence.
The fair value accounting standards do not prescribe which valuation technique should be used when measuring fair value and do not prioritize among the techniques. These standards establish a fair value hierarchy that prioritizes the inputs used in applying the various valuation techniques. Inputs broadly refer to the assumptions that market participants use to make pricing decisions, including assumptions about risk. Level 1 inputs are given the highest priority in the fair value hierarchy while Level 3 inputs are given the lowest priority. The three levels of the fair value hierarchy are as follows:
Level 1 – Observable inputs that reflect unadjusted quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in active markets as of the measurement date. Active markets are those in which transactions for the asset or liability occur in sufficient frequency and volume to provide pricing information on an ongoing basis.
Level 2 – Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data. These are inputs other than quoted prices in active markets included in Level 1, which are either directly or indirectly observable as of the measurement date.
Level 3 – Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data and may be used with internally developed methodologies that result in management’s best estimate of fair value.

41


Valuation techniques that maximize the use of observable inputs are favored. Assets and liabilities are classified in their entirety based on the lowest priority level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment and may affect the placement of assets and liabilities within the levels of the fair value hierarchy. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for disclosures regarding our fair value measurements.
Significant uses of fair value measurements include:
assets and liabilities acquired in a business combination;
assets acquired in an asset acquisition;
impairment assessments of long-lived assets;
impairment assessments of goodwill;
recorded value of derivative instruments; and
recorded value of pension plan assets.
The need to test long-lived assets and goodwill for impairment can be based on several indicators, including a significant reduction in prices of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, sustained declines in our common stock, reductions to our Capital Budget, unfavorable adjustments to reserves, significant changes in the expected timing of production, other changes to contracts or changes in the regulatory environment in which the property is located.
Impairment Assessments of Long-Lived Assets
Long-lived assets in use are assessed for impairment whenever changes in facts and circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets may not be recoverable. For purposes of an impairment evaluation, long-lived assets must be grouped at the lowest level for which independent cash flows can be identified, which generally is field-by-field or, in certain instances, by logical grouping of assets if there is significant shared infrastructure or contractual terms that cause economic interdependency amongst separate, discrete fields. If the sum of the undiscounted estimated cash flows from the use of the asset group and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying value of an asset group, the carrying value is written down to the estimated fair value. During 2019, proved property impairments were primarily as a result of anticipated sales for certain non-core proved properties in our United States segment and the sale of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block (Kurdistan) in our International segment. We estimated the fair values using a market approach, based upon anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell, and recognized impairments.
Fair value calculated for the purpose of testing our long-lived assets for impairment is estimated using the present value of expected future cash flows method and comparative market prices when appropriate. Significant judgment is involved in performing these fair value estimates since the results are based on forecasted assumptions. Significant assumptions include:
Future crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices. Our estimates of future prices are based on our analysis of market supply and demand and consideration of market price indicators. Although these commodity prices may experience extreme volatility in any given year, we believe long-term industry prices are driven by global market supply and demand. To estimate supply, we consider numerous factors, including the worldwide resource base, depletion rates and OPEC production policies. We believe demand is largely driven by global economic factors, such as population and income growth, governmental policies and vehicle stocks. The prices we use in our fair value estimates are consistent with those used in our planning and capital investment reviews. There has been significant volatility in crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices and estimates of such future prices are inherently imprecise. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion on commodity prices.
Estimated quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas. Such quantities are based on a combination of proved reserves and risk-weighted probable reserves and resources such that the combined volumes represent the most likely expectation of recovery. See Item 1A. Risk Factors for further discussion on reserves.
Expected timing of production. Production forecasts are the outcome of engineering studies which estimate reserves, as well as expected capital programs. The actual timing of the production could be different than the projection. Cash flows realized later in the projection period are less valuable than those realized earlier due to the time value of money. The expected timing of production that we use in our fair value estimates is consistent with that used in our planning and capital investment reviews.
Discount rate commensurate with the risks involved. We apply a discount rate to our expected cash flows based on a variety of factors, including market and economic conditions, operational risk, regulatory risk and political risk. A higher discount rate decreases the net present value of cash flows.
Future capital requirements. Our estimates of future capital requirements are based upon a combination of authorized spending and internal forecasts.

42


We base our fair value estimates on projected financial information which we believe to be reasonably likely to occur. An estimate of the sensitivity to changes in assumptions in our undiscounted cash flow calculations is not practicable, given the numerous assumptions (e.g. reserves, pace and timing of development plans, commodity prices, capital expenditures, operating costs, drilling and development costs, inflation and discount rates) that can materially affect our estimates. Unfavorable adjustments to some of the above listed assumptions would likely be offset by favorable adjustments in other assumptions. For example, the impact of sustained reduced commodity prices on future undiscounted cash flows would likely be partially offset by lower costs. As of December 31, 2019 our estimated undiscounted cash flows relating to our remaining long-lived assets significantly exceeded their carrying values. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 11 and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for discussion of impairments recorded in 2019, 2018 and 2017 and the related fair value measurements.
Impairment Assessments of Goodwill
Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or between annual tests when events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value may have been reduced below its carrying value. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are the same as our reporting segments, of which only International includes goodwill. As of December 31, 2019, our consolidated balance sheet included goodwill of $95 million. Determining the fair value of a reporting unit requires judgment and the use of significant estimates and assumptions. Our policy is to first assess the qualitative factors in order to determine whether the fair value of our International reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount. Certain qualitative factors used in our evaluation include, among other things, the results of the most recent quantitative assessment of the goodwill impairment test; macroeconomic conditions; industry and market conditions (including commodity prices and cost factors); overall financial performance; and other relevant entity-specific events. If, after considering these events and circumstances we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the International reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. The quantitative goodwill test is performed using a combination of market and income approaches. The market approach references observable inputs specific to us and our industry, such as the price of our common equity, our enterprise value, and valuation multiples of us and our peers from the investor analyst community. The income approach utilizes discounted cash flows, which are based on forecasted assumptions. Key assumptions to the income approach are the same as those described above regarding our impairment assessment of long lived assets and are consistent with those that management uses to make business decisions.
During the second quarter of 2019, we performed our annual impairment test of goodwill using the qualitative assessment. Our qualitative assessment considered the significant excess fair value over carrying value in our most recent step 1 test (second quarter of 2017) and noted a general improvement in the qualitative factors above. After assessing the totality of the qualitative factors which could have a positive or negative impact on goodwill, our assessment did not indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value. As a result, we concluded that no impairment to goodwill was required for our International reporting unit. We believe the estimates and assumptions used in our impairment assessments are reasonable and based on available market information, but variations in such assumptions could result in materially different calculations of fair value and determinations of whether or not an impairment is indicated. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data Note 14 to the consolidated financial statements for additional discussion of goodwill.
Derivatives
We record all derivative instruments at fair value. Fair value measurements for all our derivative instruments are based on observable market-based inputs that are corroborated by market data and are discussed in Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 15 to the consolidated financial statements. Additional information about derivatives and their valuation may be found in Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Pension Plan Assets
Pension plan assets are measured at fair value. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements for discussion of the fair value of plan assets and the presentation of the fair value of our defined benefit pension plan’s assets by level within the fair value hierarchy as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Income Taxes
We are subject to income taxes in numerous taxing jurisdictions worldwide. Estimates of income taxes to be recorded involve interpretation of complex tax laws and assessment of the effects of foreign taxes on our U.S. federal income taxes.
Uncertainty exists regarding tax positions taken in previously filed tax returns which remain subject to examination, along with positions expected to be taken in future returns. We provide for unrecognized tax benefits, based on the technical merits, when it is more likely than not that an uncertain tax position will not be sustained upon examination. Adjustments are made to

43


the uncertain tax positions when facts and circumstances change, such as the closing of a tax audit; court proceedings; changes in applicable tax laws, including tax case rulings and legislative guidance; or expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
We have recorded deferred tax assets and liabilities, measured at enacted tax rates, for temporary differences between book basis and tax basis, tax credit carryforwards and operating loss carryforwards. In accordance with U.S. GAAP accounting standards, we routinely assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets and reduce such assets, to the expected realizable amount, by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. In assessing the need for additional or adjustments to existing valuation allowances, we consider all available positive and negative evidence. Positive evidence includes reversals of temporary differences, forecasts of future taxable income, assessment of future business assumptions and applicable tax planning strategies that are prudent and feasible. Negative evidence includes losses in recent years as well as the forecasts of future income (loss) in the realizable period. In making our assessment regarding valuation allowances, we weight the evidence based on objectivity.
We base our future taxable income estimates on projected financial information which we believe to be reasonably likely to occur. Numerous judgments and assumptions are inherent in the estimation of future taxable income, including factors such as future operating conditions and the assessment of the effects of foreign taxes on our U.S. federal income taxes. Future operating conditions can be affected by numerous factors, including (i) future crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas prices, (ii) estimated quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas, (iii) expected timing of production, and (iv) future capital requirements. These assumptions are described in further detail above regarding our impairment assessment of long-lived assets. An estimate of the sensitivity to changes in assumptions resulting in future taxable income calculations is not practicable, given the numerous assumptions that can materially affect our estimates. Unfavorable adjustments to some of the above listed assumptions would likely be offset by favorable adjustments in other assumptions. For example, the impact of sustained reduced commodity prices on future taxable income would likely be partially offset by lower capital expenditures.
Based on the assumptions and judgments described above, as of December 31, 2019, we reflect a valuation allowance in our consolidated balance sheet of $699 million against our gross deferred tax assets of $2.4 billion in various jurisdictions in which we operate. Our gross deferred tax assets consist primarily of federal U.S. operating loss carryforwards of $655 million, which will expire in 2035 - 2037, and $829 million which can be carried forward indefinitely. Since December 31, 2016, we have maintained a full valuation allowance on our net federal deferred tax assets. If objective negative evidence in the form of cumulative losses are no longer present and additional weight is given to subjective evidence such as forecasted projections of taxable income in future years, we would adjust the amount of the federal deferred tax assets considered realizable and reduce the provision for income taxes in the period of adjustment. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 8 to the consolidated financial statements for further detail.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefit Obligations
Accounting for pension and other postretirement benefit obligations involves numerous assumptions, the most significant of which relate to the following:
the discount rate for measuring the present value of future plan obligations;
the expected long-term return on plan assets;
the rate of future increases in compensation levels; and
We develop our demographics and utilize the work of third-party actuaries to assist in the measurement of these obligations. We have selected different discount rates for our U.S. pension plans and our other U.S. postretirement benefit plans due to the different projected benefit payment patterns. In determining the assumed discount rates, our methods include a review of market yields on high-quality corporate debt and use of our third-party actuary’s discount rate model. This model calculates an equivalent single discount rate for the projected benefit plan cash flows using a yield curve derived from bond yields. The yield curve represents a series of annualized individual spot discount rates from 0.5 to 99 years. The bonds used are rated AA or higher by a recognized rating agency, only non-callable bonds are included and outlier bonds (bonds that have a yield to maturity that significantly deviates from the average yield within each maturity grouping) are removed. Each issue is required to have at least $300 million par value outstanding. The constructed yield curve is based on those bonds representing the 50% highest yielding issuances within each defined maturity group.
The asset rate of return assumption for the funded U.S. plan considers the plan’s asset mix (currently targeted at approximately 55% equity and 45% other fixed income securities), past performance and other factors. Certain components of the asset mix are modeled with various assumptions regarding inflation, debt returns and stock yields.
Compensation change assumptions are based on historical experience, anticipated future management actions and demographics of the benefit plans. Health care cost trend assumptions are developed based on historical cost data, the near-term outlook and an assessment of likely long-term trends.

44


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 19 to the consolidated financial statements includes detailed information about the assumptions used to calculate the components of our annual defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan expense, as well as the obligations and accumulated other comprehensive income reported on the consolidated balance sheets.
Contingent Liabilities
We accrue contingent liabilities for environmental remediation, tax deficiencies related to operating taxes, as well as tax disputes and litigation claims when such contingencies are probable and estimable. Actual costs can differ from estimates for many reasons. For instance, settlement costs for claims and litigation can vary from estimates based on differing interpretations of laws, opinions on responsibility and assessments of the amount of damages. Similarly, liabilities for environmental remediation may vary from estimates because of changes in laws, regulations and their interpretation, additional information on the extent and nature of site contamination and improvements in technology. Our in-house legal counsel regularly assesses these contingent liabilities. In certain circumstances outside legal counsel is utilized.
We generally record losses related to these types of contingencies as other operating expense or general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of income, except for tax contingencies unrelated to income taxes, which are recorded as taxes other than income. For additional information on contingent liabilities, see Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Environmental Matters, Litigation and Contingencies.
An estimate of the sensitivity to net income if other assumptions had been used in recording these liabilities is not practical because of the number of contingencies that must be assessed, the number of underlying assumptions and the wide range of reasonably possible outcomes, in terms of both the probability of loss and the estimates of such loss.
Accounting Standards Not Yet Adopted
See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements.

45


Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
We are exposed to market risks related to the volatility of crude oil and condensate, NGLs, and natural gas prices as the volatility of these prices continues to impact our industry. We expect commodity prices to remain volatile and unpredictable in the future. We are also exposed to market risks related to changes in interest rates. We employ various strategies, including the use of financial derivative instruments, to manage the risks related to these fluctuations. We are at risk for changes in the fair value of all of our derivative instruments; however, such risk should be mitigated by price or rate changes related to the underlying commodity or financial transaction. While the use of derivative instruments could materially affect our results of operations in particular quarterly or annual periods, we believe that the use of these instruments will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position or liquidity.
See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data – Note 15 and Note 16 to the consolidated financial statements for more information about the fair value measurement of our derivatives, the amounts recorded in our consolidated balance sheets and statements of income and the related notional amounts.
Commodity Price Risk
Our strategy is to obtain competitive prices for our products and allow operating results to reflect market price movements dictated by supply and demand. However, management will periodically protect prices on forecasted sales to support cash flow and liquidity, as deemed appropriate. We may use a variety of commodity derivative instruments, including futures, forwards, swaps and combinations of options, as part of an overall program to manage commodity price risk in our business. Our consolidated results for 2019, 2018 and 2017 were impacted by crude oil and natural gas derivatives related to a portion of our forecasted United States sales.
As of December 31, 2019, we had various open commodity derivatives related to crude oil and natural gas with a net asset position of $4 million. Based on the December 31, 2019, published NYMEX WTI and Henry Hub futures prices, a hypothetical 10% increase or decrease (per bbl for crude oil and per MMBtu for natural gas) would change the fair values of our net commodity derivative open positions to the following:
(In millions)
Hypothetical Price Increase of 10%
 
Hypothetical Price Decrease of 10%
Crude oil derivatives
$
(65
)
 
$
50

Natural gas derivatives
(1
)
 

Total
$
(66
)
 
$
50

Interest Rate Risk
At December 31, 2019, our portfolio of long-term debt is comprised of fixed-rate instruments with an outstanding balance of $5.5 billion. Our sensitivity to interest rate movements and corresponding changes in the fair value of our fixed-rate debt portfolio affects our results of operations and cash flows only when we elect to repurchase or otherwise retire fixed-rate debt at prices different than carrying value.
We also manage our exposure to interest rate movements by utilizing interest rate swap agreements to hedge variations in cash flows related to the 1-month LIBOR component of future lease payments on our future Houston office. At December 31, 2019, we had forward starting interest rate swap agreements with a total notional of $320 million designated as cash flow hedges. The incremental change on the fair value of a hypothetical 10% increase in interest rates by $3 million, resulting in a fair value of $5 million. The incremental change on the fair value of a hypothetical 10% decrease in interest rates on these interest rate swaps by $2 million, resulting in a fair value of less than $1 million.
Counterparty Risk
We are also exposed to financial risk in the event of nonperformance by counterparties. If commodity prices fall below current levels, some of our counterparties may experience liquidity problems and may not be able to meet their financial obligations to us. We review the creditworthiness of counterparties and use master netting agreements when appropriate.

46


Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data
Index


47


Management’s Responsibilities for Financial Statements
To the Stockholders of Marathon Oil Corporation:
The accompanying consolidated financial statements of Marathon Oil Corporation and its consolidated subsidiaries (“Marathon Oil”) are the responsibility of management and have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. They necessarily include some amounts that are based on best judgments and estimates. The financial information displayed in other sections of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is consistent with these consolidated financial statements.
Marathon Oil seeks to assure the objectivity and integrity of its financial records by careful selection of its managers, by organization arrangements that provide an appropriate division of responsibility and by communications programs aimed at assuring that its policies and methods are understood throughout the organization.
The Board of Directors pursues its oversight role in the area of financial reporting and internal control over financial reporting through its Audit and Finance Committee. This Committee, composed solely of independent directors, regularly meets (jointly and separately) with the independent registered public accounting firm, management and internal auditors to monitor the proper discharge by each of their responsibilities relative to internal accounting controls and the consolidated financial statements.
 
/s/ Lee M. Tillman
 
/s/ Dane E. Whitehead
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 


Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting
To the Stockholders of Marathon Oil Corporation:
Marathon Oil’s management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13(a) – 15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Our internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of the consolidated financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements and even when determined to be effective, can only provide reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
An evaluation of the design and effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting, based on the 2013 framework in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, was conducted under the supervision and with the participation of management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. Based on the results of this evaluation, Marathon Oil’s management concluded that its internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2019.
The effectiveness of Marathon Oil’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019 has been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.

/s/ Lee M. Tillman
 
/s/ Dane E. Whitehead
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 

48


Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Marathon Oil Corporation
Opinions on the Financial Statements and Internal Control over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Marathon Oil Corporation and its subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the related consolidated statements of income, of comprehensive income, of stockholders’ equity and of cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019, including the related notes (collectively referred to as the “consolidated financial statements”). We also have audited the Company's internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2019 and 2018, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2019 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2019, based on criteria established in Internal Control - Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the COSO.
Basis for Opinions
The Company's management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express opinions on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and on the Company's internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.

Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.

Definition and Limitations of Internal Control over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

49



Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that (i) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (ii) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.

The Impact of Proved Oil and Condensate, Natural Gas Liquids (NGLs) and Natural Gas Reserves on Proved Oil and Gas Properties, Net

As described in Notes 1 and 10 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company’s consolidated property, plant and equipment, net balance was $17,000 million as of December 31, 2019, and depreciation, depletion, and amortization (DD&A) expense for the year ended December 31, 2019 was $2,397 million, both of which substantially relate to proved oil and gas properties. The Company uses the successful efforts method of accounting for its oil and gas producing activities. Under this method, capitalized costs to acquire oil and natural gas properties are depreciated and depleted on a units-of-production basis based on estimated proved reserves. Capitalized costs of exploratory wells and development costs are depreciated and depleted on a units-of-production basis based on estimated proved developed reserves. As discussed by management, reserve estimates may change as a result of a number of factors, including but not limited to, changes in contractual, operational, economic and political conditions; additional development activity and future development costs; production history; and continual reassessment of the viability of future production volumes under varying economic conditions. The estimates of oil and gas reserves have been developed by specialists, specifically petroleum engineers and geoscientists.

The principal considerations for our determination that performing procedures relating to the impact of proved oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves on proved oil and gas properties, net is a critical audit matter are there was significant judgment by management, including the use of specialists, when developing the estimates of proved oil and gas reserves, which in turn led to a high degree of auditor judgment, subjectivity and effort in performing procedures to evaluate the significant assumptions used in developing those estimates, including future development costs and future production volumes.

Addressing the matter involved performing procedures and evaluating audit evidence in connection with forming our overall opinion on the consolidated financial statements. These procedures included testing the effectiveness of controls relating to management’s estimates of proved oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves and the calculation of DD&A expense. These procedures also included, among others, evaluating the significant assumptions used by management in developing these estimates, including future development costs and future production volumes, and testing the unit-of-production rate used to calculate DD&A expense. The work of management’s specialists was used in performing the procedures to evaluate the reasonableness of these estimates. As a basis for using this work, the specialists’ qualifications and objectivity were understood, as well as the methods and assumptions used by the specialist. The procedures performed also included tests of the data used by the specialists and an evaluation of the specialists’ findings. Evaluating the significant assumptions relating to the estimates of proved oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves also involved obtaining evidence to support the reasonableness of the assumptions, including whether the assumptions used were reasonable considering the current and past performance of the Company, and whether they were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas
February 20, 2020

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 1982.  


50



MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Income
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions, except per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Revenues and other income:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from contracts with customers
$
5,063

 
$
5,902

 
$
4,247

Net loss on commodity derivatives
(72
)
 
(14
)
 
(36
)
Marketing revenues

 

 
162

Income from equity method investments
87

 
225

 
256

Net gain on disposal of assets
50

 
319

 
58

Other income
62

 
150

 
78

Total revenues and other income
5,190

 
6,582

 
4,765

Costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
Production
712

 
842

 
716

Marketing, including purchases from related parties

 

 
168

Shipping, handling and other operating
605

 
575

 
431

Exploration
149

 
289

 
409

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,397

 
2,441

 
2,372

Impairments
24

 
75

 
229

Taxes other than income
311

 
299

 
183

General and administrative
356

 
394

 
371

Total costs and expenses
4,554

 
4,915

 
4,879

Income (loss) from operations
636

 
1,667

 
(114
)
Net interest and other
(244
)
 
(226
)
 
(270
)
Other net periodic benefit costs
3

 
(14
)
 
(19
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
(3
)
 

 
(51
)
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes
392

 
1,427

 
(454
)
Provision (benefit) for income taxes
(88
)
 
331

 
376

Income (loss) from continuing operations
480

 
1,096

 
(830
)
Loss from discontinued operations

 

 
(4,893
)
Net income (loss)
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
$
(5,723
)
Per basic share:
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(0.97
)
Loss from discontinued operations
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(6.73
)
Per diluted share:
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(0.97
)
Loss from discontinued operations
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(6.73
)
Weighted average common shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
Basic
810

 
846

 
850

Diluted
810

 
847

 
850

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

51


MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net income (loss)
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
$
(5,723
)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax
 
 
 
 
 
Postretirement and postemployment plans:
 
 
 
 
 
Change in actuarial gain and other
54

 
117

 
21

Income taxes on postretirement and postemployment plans
(38
)
 
4

 
7

Postretirement and postemployment plans, net of tax
16

 
121

 
28

Derivative hedges:
 
 
 
 
 
Net unrecognized gain (loss)
2

 

 
(13
)
Reclassification of gains on terminated derivative hedges

 

 
(47
)
Income taxes on derivative hedges

 

 
21

Derivative hedges, net of tax
2

 

 
(39
)
Foreign currency translation:
 
 
 
 
 
Net recognized loss reclassified to discontinued operations

 

 
34

Foreign currency translation adjustment related to sale of U.K. business
30

 

 

Income taxes on foreign currency translation
(7
)
 

 
(4
)
Foreign currency translation, net of tax
23

 

 
30

Other, net of tax
1

 
4

 
2

Other comprehensive income
42

 
125

 
21

Comprehensive income (loss)
$
522

 
$
1,221

 
$
(5,702
)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


52


MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Consolidated Balance Sheet
 
December 31,
(In millions, except par values and share amounts)
2019
 
2018
Assets
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
858

 
$
1,462

Receivables, less reserve of $11 and $11
1,122

 
1,079

Inventories
72

 
96

Other current assets
83

 
257

Current assets held for sale

 
27

Total current assets
2,135

 
2,921

Equity method investments
663

 
745

Property, plant and equipment, less accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization of $18,003 and $21,830
17,000

 
16,804

Goodwill
95

 
97

Other noncurrent assets
352

 
723

Noncurrent assets held for sale

 
31

Total assets
$
20,245

 
$
21,321

Liabilities
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
Accounts payable
$
1,307

 
$
1,320

Payroll and benefits payable
112

 
154

Accrued taxes
118

 
181

Other current liabilities
208

 
170

Current liabilities held for sale

 
7

Total current liabilities
1,745

 
1,832

Long-term debt
5,501

 
5,499

Deferred tax liabilities
186

 
199

Defined benefit postretirement plan obligations
183

 
195

Asset retirement obligations
243

 
1,081

Deferred credits and other liabilities
234

 
279

Noncurrent liabilities held for sale

 
108

Total liabilities
8,092

 
9,193

Commitments and contingencies

 


Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
 
Preferred stock – no shares issued or outstanding (no par value, 26 million shares authorized)

 

Common stock:
 
 
 
Issued – 937 million shares (par value $1 per share, 1.925 billion shares authorized at December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018)
937

 
937

Held in treasury, at cost – 141 million shares and 118 million shares
(4,089
)
 
(3,816
)
Additional paid-in capital
7,207

 
7,238

Retained earnings
7,993

 
7,706

Accumulated other comprehensive income
105

 
63

Total stockholders’ equity
12,153

 
12,128

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity
$
20,245

 
$
21,321

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

53


MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
 
 
 
 
Operating activities:
 

 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
$
(5,723
)
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations:
 

 
 
 
 
Discontinued operations

 

 
4,893

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,397

 
2,441

 
2,372

Impairments
24

 
75

 
229

Exploratory dry well costs and unproved property impairments
114

 
255

 
323

Net gain on disposal of assets
(50
)
 
(319
)
 
(58
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt
3

 

 
51

Deferred income taxes
(34
)
 
52

 
(61
)
Net loss on derivative instruments
72

 
14

 
36

Net settlements of derivative instruments
52

 
(281
)
 
45

Pension and other post retirement benefits, net
(52
)
 
(65
)
 
(46
)
Stock-based compensation
60

 
53

 
49

Equity method investments, net
18

 
45

 
20

Changes in:
 
 
 
 
 
Current receivables
52

 
(133
)
 
(334
)
Inventories
3

 
(1
)
 
10

Current accounts payable and accrued liabilities
(187
)
 
179

 
297

Other current assets and liabilities
(4
)
 
(22
)
 
1

All other operating, net
(199
)
 
(155
)
 
(116
)
Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations
2,749

 
3,234

 
1,988

Investing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Additions to property, plant and equipment
(2,550
)
 
(2,753
)
 
(1,974
)
Additions to other assets
36

 
(26
)
 
(25
)
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired
(293
)
 
(25
)
 
(1,891
)
Disposal of assets, net of cash transferred to the buyer
(76
)
 
1,264

 
1,787

Equity method investments - return of capital
64

 
57

 
64

All other investing, net
1

 
13

 
(5
)
Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations
(2,818
)
 
(1,470
)
 
(2,044
)
Financing activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Borrowings
600

 

 
988

Debt repayments
(600
)
 

 
(2,764
)
Debt extinguishment costs
(2
)
 

 
(46
)
Purchases of common stock
(362
)
 
(713
)
 
(11
)
Dividends paid
(162
)
 
(169
)
 
(170
)
All other financing, net
(9
)
 
23

 

Net cash used in financing activities
(535
)
 
(859
)
 
(2,003
)
Net increase in cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations (Note 5)

 

 
130

Effect of exchange rate on cash and cash equivalents

 
(2
)
 
4

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
(604
)
 
903

 
(1,925
)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
1,462

 
563

 
2,488

Cash and cash equivalents included in current assets held for sale

 
(4
)
 

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
$
858

 
$
1,462

 
$
563

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

54


MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
 
Total Equity of Marathon Oil Stockholders
 
 
(In millions)
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Treasury
Stock
 
Additional
Paid-in
Capital
 
Retained
Earnings
 
Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
Total
Equity
December 31, 2016 Balance
$

 
$
937

 
$
(3,431
)
 
$
7,446

 
$
12,672

 
$
(83
)
 
$
17,541

Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
117

 
(50
)
 

 

 
67

Shares repurchased

 

 
(11
)
 

 

 

 
(11
)
Stock-based compensation

 

 

 
(17
)
 

 

 
(17
)
Net loss

 

 

 

 
(5,723
)
 

 
(5,723
)
Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 
21

 
21

Dividends paid ($0.20 per share)

 

 

 

 
(170
)
 

 
(170
)
December 31, 2017 Balance
$

 
$
937

 
$
(3,325
)
 
$
7,379

 
$
6,779

 
$
(62
)
 
$
11,708

Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
221

 
(109
)
 

 

 
112

Shares repurchased

 

 
(712
)
 

 

 

 
(712
)
Stock-based compensation

 

 

 
(32
)
 

 

 
(32
)
Net income

 

 

 

 
1,096

 

 
1,096

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 
125

 
125

Dividends paid ($0.20 per share)

 

 

 

 
(169
)
 

 
(169
)
December 31, 2018 Balance
$

 
$
937

 
$
(3,816
)
 
$
7,238

 
$
7,706

 
$
63

 
$
12,128

Cumulative-effect adjustment (Note 2)

 

 

 

 
(31
)
 

 
(31
)
Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
89

 
(26
)
 

 

 
63

Shares repurchased

 

 
(362
)
 

 

 

 
(362
)
Stock-based compensation

 

 

 
(5
)
 

 

 
(5
)
Net income

 

 

 

 
480

 

 
480

Other comprehensive income

 

 

 

 

 
42

 
42

Dividends paid ($0.20 per share)

 

 

 

 
(162
)
 

 
(162
)
December 31, 2019 Balance
$

 
$
937

 
$
(4,089
)
 
$
7,207

 
$
7,993

 
$
105

 
$
12,153

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(Shares in millions)
Preferred
Stock
 
Common
Stock
 
Treasury
Stock
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2016 Balance

 
937

 
90

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
(3
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2017 Balance

 
937

 
87

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
(6
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares repurchased

 

 
37

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018 Balance

 
937

 
118

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares issued - stock-based
compensation

 

 
(2
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Shares repurchased

 

 
25

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2019 Balance

 
937

 
141

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

55

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


1. Summary of Principal Accounting Policies
We are an independent exploration and production company engaged in exploration, production and marketing of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas; as well as production and marketing of products manufactured from natural gas, such as LNG and methanol, in E.G.
Basis of presentation and principles applied in consolidation – These consolidated financial statements, including notes have been prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP. These consolidated financial statements include the accounts of our controlled subsidiaries. Investments in unincorporated joint ventures and undivided interests in certain operating assets are consolidated on a pro rata basis.
Equity method investments – Investments in entities over which we have significant influence, but not control, are accounted for using the equity method of accounting. This includes entities in which we hold majority ownership but the minority stockholders have substantive participating rights in the investee. Income from equity method investments represents our proportionate share of net income generated by the equity method investees and is reflected in revenues and other income in our consolidated statements of income. Equity method investments are included as noncurrent assets on the consolidated balance sheet.
Equity method investments are assessed for impairment whenever changes in the facts and circumstances indicate a loss in value may have occurred. When a loss is deemed to have occurred and is other than temporary, the carrying value of the equity method investment is written down to fair value, and the amount of the write-down is included in income.
Discontinued operations – As a result of the sale of our Canadian business in 2017, we reflected this business as discontinued operations in all historical periods presented. Disclosures in this report related to results of operations and cash flows are presented on the basis of continuing operations unless otherwise stated. See Note 5 for discussion of the divestiture in further detail.
Use of estimates – The preparation of financial statements in accordance with U.S. GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the respective reporting periods.
Estimated quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves is a significant estimate that requires judgment. All of the reserve data included in this Form 10-K are estimates. Reservoir engineering is a subjective process of estimating underground accumulations of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas. There are numerous uncertainties inherent in estimating quantities of proved crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserves. The accuracy of any reserves estimate is a function of the quality of available data and of engineering and geological interpretation and judgment. As a result, reserve estimates may be different from the quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas that are ultimately recovered. See unaudited Supplementary Data - Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities for further detail.
Other items subject to estimates and assumptions include the carrying amounts of property, plant and equipment, asset retirement obligations, goodwill, valuation of derivative instruments and valuation allowances for deferred income tax assets, among others. Although we believe these estimates are reasonable, actual results could differ from these estimates.
Foreign currency transactions – The U.S. dollar is the functional currency of our foreign operating subsidiaries. Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included in net income.
Revenue recognition – Revenues associated with the sales of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas are recognized when our performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs at the point where control transfers to the customer based on contract terms. Revenue is measured as the amount the company expects to receive in exchange for transferring commodities to the customer. Our hydrocarbon sales are typically based on prevailing market-based prices and may include quality or location differential adjustments. Payment is generally due within 30 days of delivery.
We typically incur shipping and handling costs prior to control transferring to the customer and account for these activities as fulfillment costs. These costs are reflected in shipping, handling and other operating expense line in our consolidated statement of income.
Our U.S. production of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas is generally sold immediately and transported to market. In our international segment, liquid hydrocarbon production may be stored as inventory and sold at a later time.

56

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Cash and cash equivalents – Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit and investments in highly liquid debt instruments with original maturities of three months or less.
Accounts receivable – The majority of our receivables are from purchasers of commodities or joint interest owners in properties we operate, both of which are recorded at estimated or invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. We often have the ability to withhold future revenue disbursements to recover any non-payment of joint interest billings. We conduct credit reviews of commodity purchasers prior to making commodity sales to new customers or increasing credit for existing customers. Based on these reviews, we may require a standby letter of credit or a financial guarantee. We routinely assess the collectability of receivable balances to determine if the amount of the reserve in allowance for doubtful accounts is sufficient.
Inventories – Crude oil and natural gas are recorded at weighted average cost and carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Supplies and other items consist principally of tubular goods and equipment which are valued at weighted average cost and reviewed periodically for obsolescence or impairment when market conditions indicate.
We may enter into a contract to sell a particular quantity and quality of crude oil at a specified location and date to a particular counterparty, and simultaneously agree to buy a particular quantity and quality of the same commodity at a specified location on the same or another specified date from the same counterparty. We account for such matching buy/sell arrangements as exchanges of inventory.
Derivative instruments – We may use derivatives to manage a portion of our exposure to commodity price risk, commodity locational risk and interest rate risk. All derivative instruments are recorded at fair value. Commodity derivatives and interest rate swaps are reflected on our consolidated balance sheet on a net basis by counterparty, as they are governed by master netting agreements. Cash flows related to derivatives used to manage commodity price risk, and interest rate risk are classified in operating activities. Our derivative instruments contain no significant contingent credit features.
Fair value hedges – We may use interest rate swaps to manage our exposure to interest rate risk associated with fixed interest rate debt in our portfolio. Changes in the fair values of both the hedged item and the related derivative are recognized immediately in net income with an offsetting effect included in the basis of the hedged item. The net effect is to report in net income the extent to which the hedge is not effective in achieving offsetting changes in fair value.
Cash flow hedges – We may use interest rate derivative instruments to manage the risk of interest rate changes during the period prior to anticipated borrowings as well as to stabilize future lease payments on our future Houston office, and designate them as cash flow hedges. Derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedges are linked to specific assets and liabilities or to specific firm commitments or forecasted transactions. The changes in the fair value of a qualifying cash flow hedge are recorded in other comprehensive income until the hedged transaction affects earnings and are then reclassified into net income. Beginning in 2019, ineffective portions of a cash flow hedge are no longer measured or disclosed separately. However, if it is determined that the likelihood of the original forecasted transaction occurring is no longer probable or the cash flow hedge is no longer expected to be highly effective, subsequent changes in fair value of the derivatives instrument are recorded in net income.
Derivatives not designated as hedges – Derivatives that are not designated as hedges may include commodity derivatives used primarily to manage price and locational risks on the forecasted sale of crude oil, NGLs, and natural gas that we produce. Changes in the fair value of derivatives not designated as hedges are recognized immediately in net income.
Concentrations of credit risk – All of our financial instruments, including derivatives, involve elements of credit and market risk. The most significant portion of our credit risk relates to nonperformance by counterparties. The counterparties to our financial instruments consist primarily of major financial institutions and companies within the energy industry. To manage counterparty risk associated with financial instruments, we select and monitor counterparties based on our assessment of their financial strength and on credit ratings, if available. Additionally, we limit the level of exposure with any single counterparty.
Fair value transfer – We recognize transfers between levels of the fair value hierarchy as of the end of the reporting period.
Property, plant and equipment – We use the successful efforts method of accounting for oil and gas producing activities.
Property acquisition costs – Costs to acquire mineral interests in oil and natural gas properties, to drill exploratory wells in progress and those that find proved reserves, and to drill development wells are capitalized. Costs to drill exploratory wells that do not find proved reserves, geological and geophysical costs and costs of carrying and retaining unproved properties are expensed. Costs incurred for exploratory wells that find reserves but cannot yet be classified as proved are capitalized if (1) the well has found a sufficient quantity of reserves to justify its completion as a producing well and (2) we are making sufficient progress assessing the reserves and the economic and operating viability of the project. The status of suspended exploratory well costs is monitored continuously and reviewed at least quarterly.

57

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Depreciation, depletion and amortization – Capitalized costs to acquire oil and natural gas properties are depreciated and depleted on a units-of-production basis based on estimated proved reserves. Capitalized costs of exploratory wells and development costs are depreciated and depleted on a units-of-production basis based on estimated proved developed reserves. Support equipment and other property, plant and equipment related to oil and gas producing activities, as well as property, plant and equipment unrelated to oil and gas producing activities, are recorded at cost and depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated useful lives of the assets as summarized below.
Type of Asset
 
Range of Useful Lives
Office furniture, equipment and computer hardware
 
4 to 15 years
Pipelines
 
5 to 40 years
Plants, facilities and infrastructure
 
3 to 40 years

Impairments – We evaluate our oil and gas producing properties, including capitalized costs of exploratory wells and development costs, for impairment of value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable. If the sum of the expected undiscounted future cash flows from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on the fair value of the asset. Oil and gas producing properties are reviewed for impairment on a field-by-field basis or, in certain instances, by logical grouping of assets if there is significant shared infrastructure or contractual terms that cause economic interdependency amongst separate, discrete fields. Oil and gas producing properties deemed to be impaired are written down to their fair value, as determined by discounted future net cash flows or, if available, comparable market value. We evaluate our unproved property investment and record impairment based on time or geologic factors. Information such as drilling results, reservoir performance, seismic interpretation or future plans to develop acreage is also considered. When unproved property investments are deemed to be impaired, this amount is reported in exploration expenses in our consolidated statements of income.
Dispositions – When property, plant and equipment depreciated on an individual basis is sold or otherwise disposed of, any gains or losses are reflected in net gain (loss) on disposal of assets in our consolidated statements of income. Gains on the disposal of property, plant and equipment are recognized when earned, which is generally at the time of closing. If a loss on disposal is expected, such losses are recognized either when the assets are classified as held for sale, or are measured using a probability weighted income approach based on both the anticipated sales price and a held-for-use model depending on timing of the sale. Proceeds from the disposal of property, plant and equipment depreciated on a group basis are credited to accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization with no immediate effect on net income until net book value is reduced to zero.
Goodwill – Goodwill represents the excess of the purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired in the acquisition of a business. Such goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually and when events or changes in circumstances indicate that the fair value of a reporting unit with goodwill has been reduced below carrying value. The impairment test requires allocating goodwill and other assets and liabilities to a reporting unit. The fair value of a reporting unit is determined and compared to the book value of the reporting unit. If the fair value of the reporting unit is less than the book value, including goodwill, then the recorded goodwill is impaired to its implied fair value with a charge to impairments.
Environmental costs – We provide for remediation costs and penalties when the responsibility to remediate is probable and the amount of associated costs can be reasonably estimated. The timing of remediation accruals coincides with completion of a feasibility study or the commitment to a formal plan of action. Remediation liabilities are accrued based on estimates of known environmental exposure and are discounted when the estimated amounts are reasonably fixed or reliably determinable. Environmental expenditures are capitalized only if the costs mitigate or prevent future contamination or if the costs improve the environmental safety or efficiency of the existing assets.
Asset retirement obligations – The fair value of asset retirement obligations is recognized in the period in which the obligations are incurred if a reasonable estimate of fair value can be made. Our asset retirement obligations primarily relate to the abandonment of oil and gas producing facilities. Asset retirement obligations for such facilities include costs to dismantle and relocate or dispose of production platforms, gathering systems, wells and related structures and restoration costs of land, including those leased. Estimates of these costs are developed for each property based on the type of production facilities and equipment, reservoir characteristics, depth of the reservoir, market demand for equipment, currently available procedures and consultations with construction and engineering professionals.
Inflation rates and credit-adjusted-risk-free interest rates are used to estimate the fair value of asset retirement obligations. Depreciation of capitalized asset retirement costs and accretion of asset retirement obligations are recorded over time. Depreciation is generally determined on a units-of-production basis based on estimated proved developed reserves for oil and gas production facilities, while accretion of the liability occurs over the useful lives of the assets.

58

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Deferred income taxes – Deferred tax assets and liabilities, measured at enacted tax rates, are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of assets and liabilities and their tax bases as reported in our filings with the respective taxing authorities. We routinely assess the realizability of our deferred tax assets based on several interrelated factors and reduce such assets by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. These factors include whether we are in a cumulative loss position in recent years, our reversal of temporary differences, and our expectation to generate sufficient future taxable income. We use the liability method in determining our provision and liabilities for our income taxes, under which current and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recorded in accordance with enacted tax laws and rates.
Stock-based compensation arrangements – The fair value of stock options is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model. The model employs various assumptions, based on management’s best estimates at the time of grant, which impact the calculation of fair value and ultimately, the amount of expense that is recognized over the life of the stock option award. Of the required assumptions, the expected volatility of our stock price and the stock price in relation to the strike price have the most significant impact on the fair value calculation. We have utilized historical data and analyzed current information which reasonably support these assumptions.
The fair value of our restricted stock awards, restricted stock units and Director restricted stock units is determined based on the market value of our common stock on the date of grant. Restricted Stock Awards, restricted stock units, and Director restricted stock units are removed from Treasury Stock at grant, vesting, and distribution, respectively.
The fair value of our cash-settled stock-based performance units is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method. Since these awards are settled in cash at the end of a defined performance period, they are classified as a liability and are re-measured quarterly until settlement. The fair value of our stock-settled stock-based performance units is estimated using the Monte Carlo simulation method at grant date only. Since these awards are settled in stock, they are classified as equity.
Our stock-based compensation expense is recognized based on management’s best estimate of the awards that are expected to vest, using the straight-line attribution method for all service-based awards with a graded vesting feature. If actual forfeiture results are different than expected, adjustments to recognized compensation expense may be required in future periods.
2. Accounting Standards
Not Yet Adopted
Financial instruments – credit losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standards update that changes the impairment model for trade receivables, net investments in leases, debt securities, loans and certain other instruments. The standard requires the use of a forward-looking “expected loss” model as opposed to the current “incurred loss” model. This standard is effective for us in the first quarter of 2020 and will be adopted on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the adoption period. The adoption of this standard did not result in a material impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position and cash flows.
Recently Adopted
Lease accounting standard
In February 2016, the FASB issued a new leasing accounting standard, which modified the definition of a lease and established comprehensive accounting and financial reporting requirements for leasing arrangements. It requires lessees to recognize a lease liability and a right-of-use (“ROU”) asset for all leases, including operating leases, with a term of greater than 12 months on the balance sheet. On January 1, 2019, we adopted the new lease accounting standard using the modified retrospective method and applied to all leases that existed as of that date. It does not apply to leases to explore for or use minerals, oil, natural gas and similar non-regenerative resources, including the intangible right to explore for those natural resources and rights to use the land in which those natural resources are contained. As a result of the adoption, we recorded a cumulative-effect adjustment to stockholders’ equity of $31 million. We continue presenting all prior comparative periods without any restatements. See Note 13 for further information.

59

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Hedge accounting standard
In August 2017, the FASB issued a new accounting standards update that amends the hedge accounting model to enable entities to hedge certain financial and nonfinancial risk attributes previously not allowed. The amendment also reduces the overall complexity of documenting, assessing and measuring hedge effectiveness. This standard was effective for us in the first quarter of 2019. Adoption of this standard did not have a significant impact on our consolidated results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
3.    Income (loss) and Dividends per Common Share
Basic income (loss) per share is based on the weighted average number of common shares outstanding. Diluted income (loss) per share assumes exercise of stock options in all periods, provided the effect is not antidilutive. The per share calculations below exclude $6 million, $6 million and 11 million stock options in 2019, 2018 and 2017 that were antidilutive.
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions, except per share data)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
$
(830
)
Loss from discontinued operations

 

 
(4,893
)
Net income (loss)
$
480

 
$
1,096

 
$
(5,723
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average common shares outstanding
810

 
846

 
850

Effect of dilutive securities

 
1

 

Weighted average common shares, diluted
810

 
847

 
850

Per basic share:
 

 
 

 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(0.97
)
Loss from discontinued operations
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.30

 
$
(6.73
)
Per diluted share:
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) from continuing operations
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(0.97
)
Loss from discontinued operations
$

 
$

 
$
(5.76
)
Net income (loss)
$
0.59

 
$
1.29

 
$
(6.73
)
Dividends per share
$
0.20

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.20


4. Acquisitions
2019 – United States Segment
In the fourth quarter of 2019, we acquired approximately 40,000 net acres in a Texas Delaware oil play in West Texas from multiple sellers for $106 million. We accounted for these transactions as an asset acquisition, allocating the purchase price to unproved property within property, plant and equipment.
During the fourth quarter of 2019, we acquired a 100% working interest in approximately 18,000 net acres in the Eagle Ford from Rocky Creek Resources, LLC and RCR Midstream, LLC for $191 million in cash, subject to post-closing adjustments. We accounted for this transaction as a business combination, with the entire purchase price allocated between proved property, unproved property, and other assets, all within property, plant and equipment.
The fair values of the assets acquired were measured using the market approach, specifically the market comparable technique. The fair values were based on market-corroborated inputs, which were derived from observable market data; such inputs represent Level 2 inputs. As the acquisition date was December 31, 2019, there is not a pro forma effect of this transaction on our consolidated statement of income.

60

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


2017 – United States Segment
In the fourth quarter of 2017, we closed on our acquisition of additional acreage in the Northern Delaware basin of New Mexico from a private seller for $63 million in cash and accounted for this transaction as an asset acquisition, allocating the purchase price to unproved property within property, plant and equipment.
In the second quarter of 2017, we closed on two acquisitions which included approximately 91,000 net acres in the Permian basin of New Mexico. The first acquisition with BC Operating, Inc. and other entities closed for approximately $1.1 billion in cash and the second acquisition with Black Mountain Oil & Gas and other private sellers closed for approximately $700 million in cash. These acquisitions were paid with cash on hand and accounted for as asset acquisitions, with substantially all of the purchase price allocated to unproved property within property, plant and equipment.
5. Dispositions
United States Segment
In the third quarter of 2018, we closed on the sale of non-core, non-operated conventional properties, primarily in the Gulf of Mexico, for combined net proceeds of $16 million, before closing adjustments. A pre-tax gain of $32 million was recognized in the third quarter of 2018.
International Segment
On July 1, 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business (Marathon Oil U.K. LLC and Marathon Oil West of Shetlands Limited), for proceeds of $95 million which reflects the assumption by RockRose Energy PLC (“RockRose”) of the U.K. business’ working capital and cash equivalent balances of approximately $345 million on December 31, 2018. During the third quarter of 2019, we recorded a $6 million liability and corresponding expense related to the estimated fair value of our exposure to surety bonds we continued to hold that guaranteed decommissioning liabilities of Marathon Oil U.K. LLC. In November 2019, RockRose posted replacement security and accordingly, we reversed the aforementioned $6 million (see Note 25 for further detail). Income before taxes relating to our U.K. business for the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, was $33 million and $261 million, respectively. See Note 12 and Note 19 for additional details on U.K. ARO and the defined benefit pension plan as it relates to this disposition.
In the second quarter of 2019, we closed on the sale of our 15% non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan for proceeds of $63 million, before closing adjustments. This property was classified as held for sale in the consolidated balance sheet at December 31, 2018, with total assets of $58 million and total liabilities of $17 million.
In the first quarter of 2018, we closed on the sale of our subsidiary, Marathon Oil Libya Limited, which held our 16.33% non-operated interest in the Waha concessions in Libya, to a subsidiary of Total S.A. (Elf Aquitaine SAS) for proceeds of approximately $450 million, excluding closing adjustments, and recognized a pre-tax gain of $255 million.
Canadian Business – Discontinued Operations
On May 31, 2017 we closed on the sale of our Canadian business, which included our 20% non-operated interest in the AOSP to Shell and Canadian Natural Resources Limited for $2.5 billion, excluding closing adjustments. Under the terms of the agreement, $1.8 billion was paid to us upon closing. At closing we received two notes receivable for a combined $750 million for the remaining proceeds, which was received in the first quarter of 2018. In the first quarter of 2017, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $6.6 billion (after-tax of $4.96 billion) primarily related to the property, plant and equipment of our Canadian business. This impairment was recorded for excess net book value over anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell. Fair values of assets held for sale were determined based upon the anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell, which resulted in a level 2 classification. As the effective date of the transaction was January 1, 2017, we recorded a loss on sale of $43 million during the second quarter of 2017 due to results of operations from our Canadian business that were transferred to the buyer upon closing.
Our Canadian business is reflected as discontinued operations in the consolidated statements of income and the consolidated statements of cash flows for all periods presented. The following table contains select amounts reported in our historical consolidated statements of income and consolidated statements of cash flows as discontinued operations:

61

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2017
Total revenue and other income
 
$
431

Net loss on disposal of assets
 
(43
)
Total revenues and other income
 
388

Costs and expenses:
 
 
Production
 
254

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
 
40

Impairments
 
6,636

Other
 
25

Total costs and expenses
 
6,955

Pretax loss from discontinued operations
 
(6,567
)
Benefit for income taxes
 
(1,674
)
Loss from discontinued operations
 
$
(4,893
)
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2017
Cash flow from discontinued operations:
 
 
Operating activities
 
$
141

Investing activities
 
(13
)
Changes in cash included in current assets held for sale
 
2

Net increase in cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations
 
$
130


6. Revenues
The majority of our revenues are derived from the sale of crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas under spot and term agreements with our customers in the United States and various international locations.
The following tables present our revenues from contracts with customers disaggregated by product type and geographic areas.
United States
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(In millions)
Eagle Ford
 
Bakken
 
Oklahoma
 
Northern Delaware
 
Other U.S.
 
Total
Crude oil and condensate
$
1,358

 
$
1,686

 
$
425

 
$
316

 
$
102

 
$
3,887

Natural gas liquids
114

 
46

 
116

 
26

 
5

 
307

Natural gas
121

 
39

 
156

 
16

 
17

 
349

Other
7

 

 

 

 
52

 
59

Revenues from contracts with customers
$
1,600

 
$
1,771

 
$
697

 
$
358

 
$
176

 
$
4,602

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Eagle Ford
 
Bakken
 
Oklahoma
 
Northern Delaware
 
Other U.S.
 
Total
Crude oil and condensate
$
1,554

 
$
1,568

 
$
426

 
$
235

 
$
164

 
$
3,947

Natural gas liquids
205

 
62

 
181

 
38

 
9

 
495

Natural gas
145

 
38

 
184

 
20

 
26

 
413

Other
8

 

 

 

 
23

 
31

Revenues from contracts with customers
$
1,912

 
$
1,668

 
$
791

 
$
293

 
$
222

 
$
4,886


62

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

International
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(In millions)
E.G.
 
U.K.
 
Other International
 
Total
Crude oil and condensate
$
271

 
$
107

 
$
20

 
$
398

Natural gas liquids
4

 
1

 

 
5

Natural gas
32

 
12

 

 
44

Other

 
14

 

 
14

Revenues from contracts with customers
$
307

 
$
134

 
$
20

 
$
461

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In millions)
E.G.
 
U.K.
 
Libya
 
Other International
 
Total
Crude oil and condensate
$
342

 
$
282

 
$
187

 
$
77

 
$
888

Natural gas liquids
4

 
5

 

 

 
9

Natural gas
37

 
40

 
9

 

 
86

Other
1

 
32

 

 

 
33

Revenues from contracts with customers
$
384

 
$
359

 
$
196

 
$
77

 
$
1,016

In 2019, sales to Marathon Petroleum Corporation, Flint Hills Resources, Valero Marketing and Supply, and Shell Trading and each of their respective affiliates, accounted for approximately 13%, 13%, 11%, and 10%, respectively, of our total revenues. In 2018, sales to Valero Marketing and Supply and Flint Hills Resources and their respective affiliates, each accounted for approximately 11% of our total revenues. In 2017, sales to Vitol and their respective affiliates accounted for approximately 10% of our total revenues.
The pricing in our hydrocarbon sales agreements are variable, determined using various published benchmarks which are adjusted for negotiated quality and location differentials. As a result, revenue collected under our agreements with customers is highly dependent on the market conditions and may fluctuate considerably as the hydrocarbon market prices rise or fall. Typically, our customers pay us monthly, within a short period of time after we deliver the hydrocarbon products. As such, we do not have any financing element associated with our contracts. We do not have any issues related to returns or refunds, as product specifications are standardized for the industry and are typically measured when transferred to a common carrier or midstream entity, and other contractual mechanisms (e.g., price adjustments) are used when products do not meet those specifications.
In limited cases, we may also collect advance payments from customers as stipulated in our agreements; payments in excess of recognized revenue are recorded as contract liabilities on our consolidated balance sheet.
Under our hydrocarbon sales agreements, the entire consideration amount is variable either due to pricing and/or volumes. We recognize revenue in the amount of variable consideration allocated to distinct units of hydrocarbons transferred to a customer. Such allocation reflects the amount of total consideration we expect to collect for completed deliveries of hydrocarbons and the terms of variable payment relate specifically to our efforts to satisfy the performance obligations under these contracts. Our performance obligations under our hydrocarbon sales agreements are to deliver either the entire production from the dedicated wells or specified contractual volumes of hydrocarbons.
We often serve as the operator for jointly owned oil and gas properties. As part of this role, we perform activities to explore, develop and produce oil and gas properties in accordance with the joint operating arrangements. Other working interest owners reimburse us for costs incurred based on our agreements. We determined that these activities are not performed as part of customer relationships and such reimbursements will continue to not be recorded as revenues within the scope of the revenue accounting standard.
In addition, we commonly market the share of production belonging to other working interest owners as the operator of jointly owned oil and gas properties. We concluded that those marketing activities are carried out as part of the collaborative arrangement. Therefore, we act as a principal only in regards to the sale of our share of production and recognize revenue for the volumes associated with our net production.


63

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Crude oil and condensate
For the crude sales agreements, we satisfy our performance obligations and recognize revenue once customers take control of the crude at the designated delivery points, which include pipelines, trucks or vessels.
Natural gas and NGLs
When selling natural gas and NGLs, we engage midstream entities to process our production stream by separating natural gas from the NGLs. Frequently, these midstream entities also purchase our natural gas and NGLs under the same agreements. In these situations, we determined the performance obligation is complete and satisfied at the tailgate of the processing plant when the natural gas and NGLs become identifiable and measurable products. We determined the plant tailgate is the point in time where control is transferred to midstream entities and they are entitled to significant risks and rewards of ownership of the natural gas and NGLs.
The amounts due to midstream entities for gathering and processing services are recognized as shipping and handling cost, since we make those payments in exchange for distinct services. Under some of our natural gas processing agreements, we have an option to take the processed natural gas and NGLs in-kind and sell to customers other than the processing company. In those circumstances, our performance obligations are complete after delivering the processed hydrocarbons to the customer at the designated delivery points, which may be the tailgate of the processing plant or an alternative delivery point requested by the customer.
We have “percentage-of-proceeds” arrangements with some midstream entities where they retain a percentage of the proceeds collected for selling our processed natural gas and NGLs as compensation for their processing and marketing services. We recognize revenue for the gross sales volumes and recognize the proceeds retained by midstream companies as shipping and handling cost.
Contract receivables and liabilities
The following table provides information about receivables and contract assets (liabilities) from contracts with customers.
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
2018
Receivables from contracts with customers, included in receivables, less reserves
$
837

$
714

Contract asset (liability)
$

$
(1
)

The contract liability balance on January 1, 2019 relates to the advance consideration received from customers for crude oil sales and processing services in the U.K. Subsequent to the sale of our U.K. business, we no longer hold this contract liability.
Changes in the contract asset (liability) balance during the period are as follows.
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Contract asset (liability) balance as of January 1, 2019
$
(1
)
Revenue recognized as performance obligations are satisfied
74

Amounts invoiced to customers
(52
)
Contract asset (liability) transferred to buyer(a)
(21
)
Contract asset (liability) balance as of December 31, 2019
$

(a) 
Refer to Note 5 for further information on the sale of our U.K. business.

64

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

7. Segment Information
We have two reportable operating segments. Both of these segments are organized and managed based upon geographic location and the nature of the products and services offered.
United States (“U.S.”) – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas in the United States
International (“Int’l”) – explores for, produces and markets crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas outside of the United States as well as produces and markets products manufactured from natural gas, such as LNG and methanol, in E.G.
Segment income represents income which excludes certain items not allocated to our operating segments, net of income taxes. A portion of our corporate and operations general and administrative support costs are not allocated to the operating segments. These unallocated costs primarily consist of employment costs (including pension effects), professional services, facilities and other costs associated with corporate and operations support activities. Additionally, items which affect comparability such as: gains or losses on dispositions, certain property impairments, certain exploration expenses relating to a strategic decision to exit conventional exploration, unrealized gains or losses on commodity derivative instruments, pension settlement losses or other items (as determined by the CODM) are not allocated to operating segments.
As discussed in Note 5, the sale of our Canadian business in 2017 is reflected as discontinued operations and is excluded from segment information in all periods presented.
 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
Revenues from contracts with customers
$
4,602

 
$
461

 
$

 
$
5,063

Net gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
52

 

 
(124
)
(b) 
(72
)
Income from equity method investments

 
87

 

 
87

Net gain on disposal of assets

 

 
50

(c) 
50

Other income
13

 
9

 
40

 
62

Less costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production
588

 
126

 
(2
)
 
712

Shipping, handling and other operating
561

 
26

 
18

 
605

Exploration
149

 

 

 
149

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,250

 
121

 
26

 
2,397

Impairments

 

 
24

(d) 
24

Taxes other than income
311

 

 

 
311

General and administrative
127

 
25

 
204

 
356

Net interest and other

 

 
244

 
244

Other net periodic benefit costs

 
(3
)
 

(e) 
(3
)
Loss on early extinguishment of debt

 

 
3

 
3

Income tax provision (benefit)
6

 
29

 
(123
)
 
(88
)
Segment income (loss)
$
675

 
$
233

 
$
(428
)
 
$
480

Total assets
$
17,781

 
$
1,530

 
$
934

 
$
20,245

Capital expenditures(a)
$
2,550

 
$
16

 
$
25

 
$
2,591


(a) 
Includes accruals and excludes acquisitions.
(b) 
Unrealized loss on commodity derivative instruments (see Note 15).
(c) 
Primarily related to the sale of our working interest in the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico) and the sale of our U.K. business (see Note 5).
(d) 
Primarily a result of anticipated sales of non-core proved properties in our International and United States segments (see Note 11).
(e) 
Includes pension settlement loss of $12 million (see Note 19).



65

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
Revenues from contracts with customers
$
4,886

 
$
1,016

 
$

 
$
5,902

Net gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
(281
)
 

 
267

(b) 
(14
)
Income from equity method investments

 
225

 

 
225

Net gain on disposal of assets

 

 
319

(c) 
319

Other income
16

 
12

 
122

(d) 
150

Less costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production
625

 
215

 
2

 
842

Shipping, handling and other operating
499

 
70

 
6

 
575

Exploration
246

 
3

 
40

(e) 
289

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,217

 
197

 
27

 
2,441

Impairments

 

 
75

(f) 
75

Taxes other than income
301

 

 
(2
)
 
299

General and administrative
146

 
32

 
216

 
394

Net interest and other

 

 
226

 
226

Other net periodic benefit costs

 
(9
)
 
23

(g) 
14

Income tax provision (benefit)
(21
)
 
272

 
80


331

Segment income
$
608

 
$
473

 
$
15

 
$
1,096

Total assets
$
17,321

 
$
2,083

 
$
1,917

 
$
21,321

Capital expenditures(a)
$
2,620

 
$
39

 
$
26

 
$
2,685


(a) 
Includes accruals and excludes acquisitions.
(b) 
Unrealized gain on commodity derivative instruments (see Note 15).
(c) 
Primarily related to the gain on sale of our Libya subsidiary (see Note 5).
(d) 
Primarily a reduction of asset retirement obligations in our International segment (see Note 12).
(e) 
Primarily related to dry well expense and unproved property impairments associated with the Rodo well in Alba Block Sub Area B, offshore E.G. (see Note 10).
(f)  
Due to the anticipated sales of certain non-core proved properties in our International and United States segments (see Note 11).
(g) 
Includes pension settlement loss of $21 million (see Note 19).


66

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Year Ended December 31, 2017
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
Not Allocated to Segments
 
Total
Revenues from contracts with customers
$
3,093

 
$
1,154

 
$

 
$
4,247

Net gain (loss) on commodity derivatives
45

 

 
(81
)
(b) 
(36
)
Marketing revenues
29

 
133

 

 
162

Income from equity method investments

 
256

 

 
256

Net gain on disposal of assets
1

 

 
57

(c) 
58

Other income
12

 
6

 
60

 
78

Less costs and expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Production
476

 
239

 
1

 
716

Marketing costs
36

 
132

 

 
168

Shipping, handling and other operating
354

 
77

 

 
431

Exploration
154

 
5

 
250

(d) 
409

Depreciation, depletion and amortization
2,011

 
328

 
33

 
2,372

Impairments
4

 

 
225

(e) 
229

Taxes other than income
173

 

 
10

 
183

General and administrative
119

 
30

 
222

 
371

Net interest and other

 

 
270

(f) 
270

Other net periodic benefit costs

 
(8
)
 
27

(g) 
19

Loss on early extinguishment of debt

 

 
51

(h) 
51

Income tax provision
1

 
372

 
3

 
376

Segment income (loss)
$
(148
)
 
$
374

 
$
(1,056
)
 
$
(830
)
Total assets
$
16,863

 
$
4,201

 
$
948

 
$
22,012

Capital expenditures(a)
$
2,081

 
$
42

 
$
27

 
$
2,150


(a) 
Includes accruals and excludes acquisitions.
(b) 
Unrealized loss on commodity derivative instruments (see Note 15).
(c) 
Primarily related to the sale of certain conventional assets in Oklahoma and Colorado (see Note 5).
(d) 
Primarily related to unproved property impairments associated with certain non-core properties within our International segment (see Note 11).
(e) 
Primarily related to proved property impairments associated with certain non-core properties within our International segment (see Note 11).
(f)  
Includes a gain of $46 million resulting from the termination of our forward starting interest rate swaps (see Note 15).
(g) 
Includes pension settlement loss of $32 million (see Note 19).
(h) 
Primarily related to the make-whole call provisions paid upon redemption of our senior unsecured notes (see Note 17).

The following summarizes property, plant and equipment and equity method investments.
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
United States
$
16,507

 
$
16,094

Equatorial Guinea
1,156

 
1,333

Other international(a)

 
122

Total long-lived assets
$
17,663

 
$
17,549


(a)  
The decrease in 2019 is due to the sale of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan and the sale of our U.K. business (see Note 5).

67

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

8. Income Taxes
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes were:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
United States
 
$
43

 
$
642

 
$
(783
)
Foreign
 
349

 
785

 
329

Total
 
$
392

 
$
1,427

 
$
(454
)


Income tax provisions (benefits) for continuing operations were:
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
Current
 
Deferred
 
Total
 
Current
 
Deferred
 
Total
 
Current
 
Deferred
 
Total
Federal
$
(116
)
 
$
(3
)
 
$
(119
)
 
$
6

 
$

 
$
6

 
$
(32
)
 
$
41

 
$
9

State and local
4

 
3

 
7

 
(1
)
 
(23
)
 
(24
)
 
(14
)
 
2

 
(12
)
Foreign
58

 
(34
)
 
24

 
274

 
75

 
349

 
483

 
(104
)
 
379

Total
$
(54
)
 
$
(34
)
 
$
(88
)
 
$
279

 
$
52

 
$
331

 
$
437

 
$
(61
)
 
$
376


    

68

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

A reconciliation of the federal statutory income tax rate applied to income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes to the provision (benefit) for income taxes follows:
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Total pre-tax income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
392

 
$
1,427

 
$
(454
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
 
$
(88
)
 
$
331

 
$
376

Effective income tax rate (benefit) on continuing operations
 
(22
)%
 
23
%
 
83
%
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes at the statutory tax rate(a)(b)
 
$
83

 
$
300

 
$
(159
)
Effects of foreign operations
 
(29
)
 
214

 
140

Adjustments to valuation allowances
 
(28
)
 
(177
)
 
446

State income taxes
 
11

 
(17
)
 
(19
)
Tax law change
 

 

 
(35
)
Other federal tax effects
 
(125
)
 
11

 
3

Income tax expense (benefit) on continuing operations
 
$
(88
)
 
$
331

 
$
376


(a) 
Includes income tax benefits primarily related to our U.S. federal income taxes where we have maintained a full valuation allowance since December 2016.
(b) 
As a result of the Tax Reform Legislation (see below), the U.S. corporate income tax rate was reduced to 21% in 2018. The U.S. corporate income tax rate was 35% in 2017.
The effective income tax rate is influenced by a variety of factors including the geographic and functional sources of income and the relative magnitude of these sources of income. The difference between the total provision and the sum of the amounts allocated to segments is reported in the “Not Allocated to Segments” column of the tables in Note 7.
Effects of foreign operations – The effects of foreign operations decreased our tax expense in 2019 due to tax benefits related to our U.K. operations and pre-tax income in jurisdictions with effective tax rates lower than the U.S. The effects of foreign operations increased our tax expense in 2018 and 2017 due to the mix of pre-tax income between high and low tax jurisdictions, including Libya where the tax rate was 93.5%. Excluding Libya, the effective tax rates on continuing operations would be an expense of 14% in 2018 and 5% in 2017. As a result of the sale of our Libya subsidiary in the first quarter of 2018, we do not expect to incur further tax expense related to Libya.
Change in tax law – On December 22, 2017, the U.S. enacted the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Reform Legislation”). Tax Reform Legislation, which is also commonly referred to as “U.S. tax reform”, significantly changing U.S. corporate income tax laws by, among other things, reducing the U.S. corporate income tax rate to 21% starting in 2018, and repeal of the corporate alternative minimum tax (“AMT”), and a one-time deemed repatriation of accumulated foreign earnings. In the fourth quarter of 2017, we remeasured our deferred taxes at 21%, in accordance with U.S. GAAP. The impact of the remeasurement on our federal deferred tax assets and liabilities was equally offset by an adjustment to our valuation allowance with no material impact to current year earnings. In accordance with Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) we finalized our tax position in the fourth quarter of 2018 with no material changes made to positions considered provisional as of December 31, 2017.
Other federal tax effects – The decrease in other federal tax effects is primarily related to the settlement of the 2010-2011 U.S. Federal Tax Audit (“IRS Audit”) in the first quarter of 2019. The release of the accrued tax positions resulted in a $126 million tax benefit, primarily related to AMT credits, see Note 25 for further detail.


69

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Deferred tax assets and liabilities resulted from the following:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Deferred tax assets:
 
 
 
Employee benefits
$
90

 
$
75

Operating loss carryforwards
1,685

 
1,304

Capital loss carryforwards
1

 
2

Foreign tax credits
611

 
611

Other
27

 
4

Subtotal
2,414

 
1,996

Valuation allowance
(699
)
 
(721
)
Total deferred tax assets
1,715

 
1,275

Deferred tax liabilities:
 
 
 
Property, plant and equipment
1,861

 
1,018

Accrued revenue
40

 
60

Other

 
3

Total deferred tax liabilities
1,901

 
1,081

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
186

 
$

Net deferred tax assets
$

 
$
194


Operating loss carryforwards – At December 31, 2019, our operating loss carryforwards, relating to tax years beginning prior to January 1, 2018, before valuation allowance, include $655 million from the U.S. that expire in 2035 - 2037. Our operating loss carryforwards in the U.S. for tax years beginning after December 31, 2017, before our valuation allowance, include $829 million which can be carried forward indefinitely. Foreign operating loss carryforwards include $20 million that begin to expire in 2020. State operating loss carryforwards of $181 million expire in 2020 through 2038.
Foreign tax credits – At December 31, 2019, we reflect foreign tax credits of $611 million, which will expire in years 2022 through 2026.
Valuation allowances – At December 31, 2019, we reflect a valuation allowance in our consolidated balance sheet of $699 million against our net deferred tax assets in various jurisdictions in which we operate. The decrease in valuation allowance primarily relates to current year activity.
Property, plant and equipment – At December 31, 2019, we reflected a deferred tax liability of $1.9 billion. The increase primarily relates to the sale of our U.K. business and corresponding reduction in the asset retirement obligations and current year activity in the U.S.
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities were classified in the consolidated balance sheets as follows:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Assets:

 

Other noncurrent assets
$

 
$
393

Liabilities:

 

Noncurrent deferred tax liabilities
186

 
199

Net deferred tax liabilities
$
186

 
$

Net deferred tax assets
$

 
$
194




70

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

We are routinely undergoing examinations in the jurisdictions in which we operate. As of December 31, 2019, our income tax returns remain subject to examination in the following major tax jurisdictions for the tax years indicated:
United States(a)
2008-2018
Equatorial Guinea
2007-2018
(a) 
Includes federal and state jurisdictions.
The following table summarizes the activity in unrecognized tax benefits:
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning balance
$
263

 
$
126

 
$
66

Additions for tax positions of prior years
13

 
152

 
83

Reductions for tax positions of prior years
(152
)
 
(15
)
 
(3
)
Settlements
(111
)
 

 
(20
)
Ending balance
$
13

 
$
263

 
$
126


If the unrecognized tax benefits as of December 31, 2019 were recognized, $13 million would affect our effective income tax rate. As of December 31, 2019, there are $5 million uncertain tax positions for which it is reasonably possible that the amount could significantly change during the next twelve months. During the first quarter of 2019, we withdrew our appeal related to the Brae area decommissioning costs in the U.K., thus the uncertain tax positions previously established are now considered effectively settled with no tax expense or benefit impact. Also, in the first quarter of 2019, we settled the 2010-2011 IRS Audit, resulting in a tax benefit of $126 million. See Note 25 for further detail.
Pursuant to the Tax Sharing Agreement we entered into with Marathon Petroleum Corporation (“MPC”) in connection with the 2011 spin-off transaction, MPC agreed to indemnify us for certain liabilities. In addition to the benefit from the settlement of the IRS Audit in the first quarter of 2019, we recorded a current receivable and other income of $42 million for indemnity payments due from MPC for tax expense and interest we had previously recognized. The indemnity relates to tax and interest allocable to MPC as a result of the IRS Audit. During the second quarter of 2019, we paid the IRS and were subsequently reimbursed by MPC for settlement of their indemnity obligation.
Interest and penalties are recorded as part of the tax provision and were $6 million, $2 million and $27 million related to unrecognized tax benefits in 2019, 2018 and 2017. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018, $3 million and $27 million of interest and penalties were accrued related to income taxes.
9. Inventories
Crude oil and natural gas are recorded at weighted average cost and carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value. Supplies and other items consist principally of tubular goods and equipment which are valued at weighted average cost and reviewed periodically for obsolescence or impairment when market conditions indicate.
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Crude oil and natural gas
$
10

 
$
11

Supplies and other items
62

 
85

Inventories
$
72

 
$
96



71

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

10. Property, Plant and Equipment
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
United States
$
16,427

 
$
16,011

International(a)
493

 
710

Not allocated to segments
80

 
83

Net property, plant and equipment
$
17,000

 
$
16,804


(a)
The International decrease is due to dispositions of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan and our U.K. business during 2019 (see Note 5).
At December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 we had total deferred exploratory well costs as follows:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Amounts capitalized less than one year after completion of drilling
$
278

 
$
297

 
$
263

Amounts capitalized greater than one year after completion of drilling

 

 
32

Total deferred exploratory well costs
$
278

 
$
297

 
$
295

Number of projects with costs capitalized greater than one year after
completion of drilling

 

 
1

 
 
 
 
 
 
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Beginning balance
$
297

 
$
295

 
$
249

Additions
218

 
262

 
212

Charges to expense(a)
(5
)
 
(35
)
 
(64
)
Transfers to development
(230
)
 
(197
)
 
(102
)
Dispositions(b)
(2
)
 
(28
)
 

Ending balance
$
278

 
$
297

 
$
295


(a) 
2018 includes $32 million related to the Rodo well in Alba Block Sub Area B, offshore E.G. 2017 includes $64 million as a result of our agreement to sell Diaba License G4-223 in the Republic of Gabon (see Note 11 for further detail).
(b) 
2018 includes the sale of our Libya subsidiary.
We had no exploratory well costs capitalized greater than one year as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
11. Impairments
The following table summarizes impairment charges of proved properties from continuing operations. Additionally, it presents the values of assets, by major category, measured at fair value on a nonrecurring basis in periods subsequent to their initial recognition.
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
Fair Value
 
Impairment
 
Fair Value
 
Impairment
 
Fair Value
 
Impairment
Long-lived assets held for use
$
56

 
$
24

 
$
113

 
$
75

 
$
179

 
$
229


2019 – Impairments of $24 million, to an aggregate fair value of $56 million, were primarily a result of proved property impairments primarily as a result of anticipated sales for certain non-core proved properties in our United States segment and the sale of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block (Kurdistan) in our International segment. The related fair value was measured using the market approach, based upon anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell which resulted in a Level 2 classification.
2018 – Impairments in our International and United States segments of $75 million, to a fair value of $113 million, were largely the result of anticipated sales for certain non-core proved properties. The related fair value measurement utilized the market approach, based upon anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell which resulted in a Level 2 classification.

72

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

2017 – Impairments in our International segment were primarily a result of lower forecasted long-term commodity prices and the anticipated sales of certain non-core proved properties of $136 million, to an aggregate fair value of $103 million. These fair values were measured using the market approach, based upon either anticipated sales proceeds less costs to sell or a market comparable sales price per boe which resulted in a Level 2 classification.
Impairments in our United States segment were $89 million, to an aggregate fair value of $76 million, and related to Gulf of Mexico and certain conventional Oklahoma assets primarily as a result of lower forecasted long-term commodity prices. The fair values were measured using an income approach based upon internal estimates of future production levels, prices and discount rate. Inputs to the fair value measurement include reserve and production estimates made by our reservoir engineers, estimated future commodity prices adjusted for quality and location differentials and forecasted operating expenses for the remaining estimated life of the reservoir which resulted in a Level 3 classification.
See Note 5 for discussion of the divestitures in further detail and Note 7 for relevant detail regarding segment presentation.
12. Asset Retirement Obligations
Asset retirement obligations primarily consist of estimated costs to remove, dismantle and restore land at the end of oil and gas production operations. Changes in asset retirement obligations for the periods ended December 31 were as follows:
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Beginning balance
$
1,145

 
$
1,483

Incurred liabilities, including acquisitions
34

 
21

Settled liabilities, including dispositions
(1,110
)
 
(117
)
Accretion expense (included in depreciation, depletion and amortization)
31

 
70

Revisions of estimates
46

 
(204
)
Held for sale(a)
108

 
(108
)
Ending balance(b)
$
254

 
$
1,145


(a) 
In the fourth quarter 2018, we entered into an agreement to sell our working interest in the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico), including our $98 million asset retirement obligation; this transaction closed during the first quarter of 2019.
(b) 
$944 million of the 2018 ending balance relates to our asset retirement obligations in the U.K., the sale of which closed in 2019.
2019
Settled liabilities primarily relates to the sale of our U.K. business, which closed during the third quarter of 2019, and the sale of the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico).
Held for sale reflects a transfer to settled liabilities during 2019. This transfer was primarily related to the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico) which was considered held for sale at year-end 2018 and closed in the first quarter of 2019.
Ending balance includes $11 million classified as short-term at December 31, 2019.
2018
Settled liabilities include dispositions, primarily related to the sale of non-core, non-operated conventional properties in the Gulf of Mexico as well as retirements in the U.K.
Revisions of estimates were primarily due to the acceleration of U.K. abandonment activities to capture favorable market conditions and lower estimated abandonment costs.
Held for sale primarily related to the Droshky field, which was considered held for sale at year-end 2018.
Ending balance primarily relates to the U.K. and includes $64 million classified as short-term at December 31, 2018.

73

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

13. Leases
Supplemental balance sheet information related to leases was as follows:
(In millions)
 
December 31, 2019
Operating Leases:
Balance Sheet Location:
 
ROU asset
Other noncurrent assets
$
199

Current portion of long-term lease liability
Other current liabilities
$
101

Long-term lease liability
Deferred credits and other liabilities
$
107


In determining our ROU assets and long-term lease liabilities, the new lease standard requires certain accounting policy decisions, while also providing a number of optional practical expedients for transition accounting. Our accounting policies and the practical expedients utilized are summarized below:
Implemented an accounting policy to not recognize any right-of-use assets and lease liabilities related to short-term leases on the balance sheet.
Implemented an accounting policy to not separate the lease and nonlease components for all asset classes, except for vessels.
Elected the package of practical expedients which allows us to not reassess our prior conclusions regarding the lease identification and lease classification for contracts that commenced or expired prior to the effective date.
Elected the practical expedient pertaining to land easements which allows us to continue accounting for existing agreements under the previous accounting policies as nonlease transactions. Any modifications of existing contracts or new agreements will be assessed under the new lease accounting guidance and may become leases in the future.
We enter into various lease agreements to support our operations including drilling rigs, well fracturing equipment, compressors, buildings, aircraft, vessels, vehicles and miscellaneous field equipment. We primarily act as a lessee in these transactions and all of our existing leases are classified as either short-term or long-term operating leases.
The majority of the drilling rig agreements and all of fracturing equipment agreements are classified as short-term leases based on the noncancellable period for which we have the right to use the equipment and assessment of options present in each agreement. We also incur variable lease costs under these agreements primarily related to chemicals and sand used in fracturing operations or various additional on-demand equipment and labor. The lease costs associated with the drilling rigs and fracturing equipment are primarily capitalized as part of the well costs.
Our long-term leases are comprised of compressors, buildings, drilling rigs, aircraft, vessels, vehicles and miscellaneous field equipment. Our lease agreements may require both fixed and variable payments; none of the variable payments are rate or index-based, therefore only fixed payments were considered for recognizing lease liabilities and ROU assets related to long-term leases. Also, based on our election not to separate the lease and nonlease components, fixed payments related to equipment, crew and other nonlease components are included in the initial measurement of lease liabilities and ROU assets for all asset classes, except for vessels. For vessels, the contractual consideration was allocated between lease and nonlease components based on estimates provided by service providers.

74

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Our leased assets may be used in joint oil and gas operations with other working interest owners. We recognize lease liabilities and ROU assets only when we are the signatory to a contract as an operator of joint properties. Such lease liabilities and ROU assets are determined based on gross contractual obligations. As we use the leased assets for joint operations, we have the contractual right to recover the other working interest owners’ share of lease costs. As a result, our lease costs are presented on a net basis, reduced for any costs recoverable from other working interest owners. The table below presents our net lease costs as of December 31, 2019 with the majority of operating lease costs expensed as incurred, while the majority of the short-term and variable lease costs are capitalized into property, plant and equipment.
(In millions)
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Lease costs:
 
Operating lease costs(a)
$
84

Short-term lease costs(b)
321

Variable lease costs(c)
107

Total lease costs
$
512

 
 
Other information:
 
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities
$
100

ROU assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities(d)
$
293

(a) 
Represents our net share of the ROU asset amortization and the interest expense.
(b) 
Represents our net share of lease costs arising from leases of less than one year but longer than one month that were not included in the lease liability.
(c) 
Represents our net share of variable lease payments that were not included in the lease liability.
(d) 
Represents the cumulative value of ROU assets recognized at lease inception during the year of 2019.  This amount is then amortized as we utilize the ROU asset, the net effect of which is the ending ROU asset of $199 million (first table above).

We use our periodic incremental borrowing rate to discount future contractual payments to their present values. The weighted average lease term and the discount rate relevant to long-term leases were two years and 4% as of December 31, 2019. The remaining annual undiscounted cash flows associated with long-term leases and the reconciliation of these cash flows to the lease liabilities recognized on the consolidated balance sheet is summarized below.
(In millions)
Operating Lease Obligations
2020
$
114

2021
63

2022
35

2023
5

2024
1

Thereafter

Total undiscounted lease payments
$
218

Less: amount representing interest
10

Total operating lease liabilities
$
208

Less: current portion of long-term lease liability as of December 31, 2019
101

Long-term lease liability as of December 31, 2019
$
107



75

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

At December 31, 2018, future minimum commitments under the previous accounting standard, ASC 840, for operating lease obligations having noncancellable lease terms in excess of one year were as follows:
(In millions)
Operating Lease Obligations
2019
$
62

2020
54

2021
35

2022
12

2023
5

Thereafter
49

Sublease rentals

Total minimum lease payments
$
217

* Future minimum commitments for capital lease obligations were nil as of December 31, 2018.
Our wholly-owned subsidiary, Marathon E.G. Production Limited, is a lessor for residential housing in Equatorial Guinea, which is occupied by EGHoldings, a related party equity method investee see Note 23. The lease was classified as an operating lease and expires in 2024, with a lessee option to extend through 2034. Lease payments are fixed for the entire duration of the agreement at approximately $6 million per year. Our lease income is reported in other income in our consolidated statements of income for all periods presented. The undiscounted cash flows to be received under this lease agreement are summarized below.
(In millions)
Operating Lease Future Cash Receipts
2020
$
6

2021
6

2022
6

2023
6

2024
6

Thereafter
60

Total undiscounted cash flows
$
90


In 2018, we signed an agreement with an owner/lessor to construct and lease a new build-to-suit office building in Houston, Texas. The new Houston office location is expected to be completed in 2021. The lessor and other participants are providing financing for up to $380 million, to fund the estimated project costs. As of December 31, 2019, project costs incurred totaled approximately $58 million, primarily for land acquisition and initial design costs. The initial lease term is five years and will commence once construction is substantially complete and the new Houston office is ready for occupancy. At the end of the initial lease term, we can negotiate to extend the lease term for an additional five years, subject to the approval of the participants; purchase the property subject to certain terms and conditions; or remarket the property to an unrelated third party. The lease contains a residual value guarantee of approximately 89% of the total acquisition and construction costs.

76

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

14. Goodwill
As of December 31, 2019, our consolidated balance sheet included goodwill of $95 million. Goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis, or between annual tests when events or changes in circumstances indicate the fair value may have been reduced below its carrying value. Goodwill is tested for impairment at the reporting unit level. Our reporting units are the same as our reporting segments, of which only International includes goodwill. We first assess the qualitative factors in order to determine whether the fair value of our International reporting unit is more likely than not less than its carrying amount. Certain qualitative factors used in our evaluation include, among other things, the results of the most recent quantitative assessment of the goodwill impairment test, macroeconomic conditions; industry and market conditions (including commodity prices and cost factors); overall financial performance; and other relevant entity-specific events. If, after considering these events and circumstances we determined that it is more likely than not that the fair value of the International reporting unit is less than its carrying amount, a quantitative goodwill test is performed. The quantitative goodwill test is performed using a combination of market and income approaches. The market approach references observable inputs specific to us and our industry, such as the price of our common equity, our enterprise value, and valuation multiples of us and our peers from the investor analyst community. The income approach utilizes discounted cash flows, which are based on forecasted assumptions. Key assumptions to the income approach include future liquid hydrocarbon and natural gas pricing, estimated quantities of liquid hydrocarbons and natural gas proved and probable reserves, estimated timing of production, discount rates, future capital requirements, operating expenses and tax rates. The assumptions used in the income approach are consistent with those that management uses to make business decisions. This quantitative goodwill test would represent Level 3 fair value measurements.
During the second quarter of 2019, we performed our annual impairment test of goodwill using the qualitative assessment. Our qualitative assessment considered the significant excess fair value over carrying value in our most recent step 1 test (second quarter 2017) and noted a general improvement in the qualitative factors above. After assessing the totality of the qualitative factors which could have a positive or negative impact on goodwill, our assessment did not indicate that it is more likely than not that the fair value is less than its carrying value. As a result, we concluded that no impairment to goodwill was required for our International reporting unit.
As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 our International segment is the only reporting segment which includes goodwill. The table below displays the allocated beginning goodwill balance of our International segment along with changes in the carrying amount of goodwill for 2019 and 2018:
(In millions)
 
International
2018
 
 
Beginning balance, gross
 
$
115

Less: accumulated impairments
 

Beginning balance, net
 
115

Dispositions(a)
 
(18
)
Impairment
 

Ending balance, net
 
$
97

2019
 
 
Beginning balance, gross
 
$
97

Less: accumulated impairments
 

Beginning balance, net
 
97

Dispositions
 
(2
)
Impairment
 

Ending balance, net
 
$
95


(a) 
Primarily related to the sale of our Libya subsidiary (see Note 5).

77

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

15. Derivatives
See Note 16 for further information regarding the fair value measurement of derivative instruments. See Note 1 for discussion of the types of derivatives we may use and the reasons for them. All of our commodity derivatives and interest rate derivatives are/were subject to enforceable master netting arrangements or similar agreements under which we report net amounts. The following tables present the gross fair values of derivative instruments and the reported net amounts along with where they appear on the consolidated balance sheets.
 
December 31, 2019
 
 
(In millions)
Asset
 
Liability
 
Net Asset (Liability)
 
Balance Sheet Location
Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity
$
9

 
$
1

 
$
8

 
Other current assets
Commodity
1

 

 
1

 
Other noncurrent assets
Commodity

 
5

 
(5
)
 
Other current liabilities
Total Not Designated as Hedges
$
10

 
$
6

 
$
4

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Cash Flow Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
Interest Rate
$
2

 
$

 
$
2

 
Other noncurrent assets
Total Designated Hedges
$
2

 
$

 
$
2

 
 
Total
$
12

 
$
6

 
$
6

 
 
 
December 31, 2018
 
 
(In millions)
Asset
 
Liability
 
Net Asset (Liability)
 
Balance Sheet Location
Not Designated as Hedges
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity
$
131

 
$

 
$
131

 
Other current assets
Commodity

 
4

 
(4
)
 
Deferred credits and other liabilities
Total Not Designated as Hedges
$
131

 
$
4

 
$
127

 
 

Derivatives Not Designated as Hedges
Terminated Interest Rate Swaps
During the second quarter of 2017, we de-designated forward starting interest rate swaps used to hedge the variations in cash flows related to fluctuations in long term interest rates from debt that was refinanced in the third quarter of 2017. In the third quarter of 2017, we terminated our forward starting interest rate swaps for proceeds of $54 million and recognized a gain of $46 million in net interest. See Note 17 for further detail.
The following table sets forth the net impact of the terminated forward starting interest rate swap derivatives de-designated as cash flow hedges on other comprehensive income (loss).
 
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
 
2017
Interest Rate Swaps
 
 
 Beginning balance
 
$
60

Change in fair value recognized in other comprehensive income
 
(13
)
Reclassification from other comprehensive income
 
(47
)
 Ending balance
 
$



78

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Commodity Derivatives
We have entered into multiple crude oil and natural gas derivatives indexed to NYMEX WTI and Henry Hub related to a portion of our forecasted United States sales through 2021. These commodity derivatives consist of three-way collars and basis swaps. Three-way collars consist of a sold call (ceiling), a purchased put (floor) and a sold put. The ceiling price is the maximum we will receive for the contract volumes; the floor is the minimum price we will receive, unless the market price falls below the sold put strike price. In this case, we receive the NYMEX WTI price plus the difference between the floor and the sold put price. These crude oil derivatives were not designated as hedges.
The following table sets forth outstanding derivative contracts as of December 31, 2019 and the weighted average prices for those contracts:
 
2020
 
 
2021
Crude Oil
First Quarter
 
Second Quarter
 
Third Quarter
 
Fourth Quarter
 
 
Full Year
NYMEX WTI Three-Way Collars
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume (Bbls/day)
60,000

 
60,000

 
60,000

 
60,000

 
 

Weighted average price per Bbl:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ceiling
$
66.04

 
$
66.04

 
$
63.74

 
$
63.74

 
 
$

Floor
$
55.00

 
$
55.00

 
$
55.00

 
$
55.00

 
 
$

Sold put
$
47.67

 
$
47.67

 
$
48.00

 
$
48.00

 
 
$

Basis Swaps - Argus WTI Midland(a)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume (Bbls/day)
15,000

 
15,000

 
15,000

 
15,000

 
 

Weighted average price per Bbl
$
(0.94
)
 
$
(0.94
)
 
$
(0.94
)
 
$
(0.94
)
 
 
$

Basis Swaps - NYMEX WTI / ICE Brent(b)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume (Bbls/day)
5,000

 
5,000

 
5,000

 
5,000

 
 
808

Weighted average price per Bbl
$
(7.24
)
 
$
(7.24
)
 
$
(7.24
)
 
$
(7.24
)
 
 
$
(7.24
)
Natural Gas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Three-Way Collars
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Volume (MMBtu/day)
100,000

 

 

 

 
 

Weighted average price per MMBtu:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Ceiling
$
3.32

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$

Floor
$
2.75

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$

Sold put
$
2.25

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
 
$


(a) 
The basis differential price is indexed against Argus WTI Midland.
(b) 
The basis differential price is indexed against Intercontinental Exchange (“ICE”) Brent and NYMEX WTI.
Between January 1, 2020 and February 10, 2020, we entered into 20,000 bbls/day of three-way collars for 2020 with a ceiling price of $66.37, a floor price of $55.00 and a sold put price of $48.00.
The mark-to-market impact and settlement of these commodity derivative instruments appears in the table below and is reflected in net gain (loss) on commodity derivatives in the consolidated statements of income.
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
2017
Mark-to-market gain (loss)
$
(124
)
 
$
267

$
(81
)
Net settlements of commodity derivative instruments
$
52

 
$
(281
)
$
45



79

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedges
During 2019, we entered into forward starting interest rate swaps with a total notional amount of $320 million to hedge variations in cash flows related to the 1-month London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) component of future lease payments of our future Houston office. These swaps will settle monthly on the same day the lease payment is made with the first swap settlement occurring in January 2022. We expect the first lease payment to commence sometime in the period from December 2021 to May 2022. The last swap will mature on September 9, 2026. See Note 13 for further details regarding the lease of the new Houston office.
The following table presents information about our interest rate swap agreements, including the weighted average LIBOR-based, fixed rate.
 
December 31, 2019
 
December 31, 2018
(In millions, except fixed rates)
Aggregate Notional Amount
 
Weighted Average, LIBOR
 
Aggregate Notional Amount
 
Weighted Average, LIBOR
Interest rate swaps
$
320

 
1.514
%
 
$

 
%

At December 31, 2019, accumulated other comprehensive income included deferred gains of $2 million related to forward starting interest rate swaps. No amounts related to these swaps are expected to impact the consolidated statements of income in the next 12 months.
16. Fair Value Measurements
Fair Values – Recurring
The following tables’ present assets and liabilities accounted for at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 by hierarchy level.
 
December 31, 2019
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Derivative instruments, assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity(a) 
$

 
$
7

 
$

 
$
7

Interest rate

 
2

 

 
2

Derivative instruments, assets
$

 
$
9

 
$

 
$
9

Derivative instruments, liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity(a)
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(3
)
Derivative instruments, liabilities
$
(3
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(3
)
Total
$
(3
)
 
$
9

 
$

 
$
6

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Derivative instruments, assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Commodity(a) 
$
21

 
$
106

 
$

 
$
127

Derivative instruments, assets
$
21

 
$
106

 
$

 
$
127

Derivative instruments, liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Derivative instruments, liabilities
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

Total
$
21

 
$
106

 
$

 
$
127


(a) 
Derivative instruments are recorded on a net basis in our consolidated balance sheet (see Note 15).
Commodity derivatives include three-way collars and basis swaps. These instruments are measured at fair value using either a Black-Scholes or a modified Black-Scholes Model. For basis swaps, inputs to the models include only commodity prices and interest rates and are categorized as Level 1 because all assumptions and inputs are observable in active markets throughout the term of the instruments. For three-way collars, inputs to the models include commodity prices, and implied volatility and are categorized as Level 2 because predominantly all assumptions and inputs are observable in active markets throughout the term of the instruments.

80

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The forward starting interest rate swaps are measured at fair value with a market approach using actionable broker quotes, which are Level 2 inputs. See Note 15 for details on the forward starting interest swaps.  
Fair Values – Goodwill
See Note 14 for detail information relating to goodwill.
Fair Values – Nonrecurring
See Note 5 and Note 11 for detail on our fair values for nonrecurring items, such as impairments.
Fair Values – Financial Instruments
Our current assets and liabilities include financial instruments, the most significant of which are receivables, the current portion of our long-term debt and payables. We believe the carrying values of our receivables and payables approximate fair value. Our fair value assessment incorporates a variety of considerations, including (1) the short-term duration of the instruments, (2) our credit rating and (3) our historical incurrence of and expected future insignificance of bad debt expense, which includes an evaluation of counterparty credit risk.
The following table summarizes financial instruments, excluding receivables, payables and derivative financial instruments, and their reported fair values by individual balance sheet line item at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
(In millions)
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
 
Fair
Value
 
Carrying
Amount
Financial assets
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
$
4

 
$
4

 
$
3

 
$
3

Other noncurrent assets
26

 
38

 
76

 
81

Total financial assets
$
30

 
$
42

 
$
79

 
$
84

Financial liabilities
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Other current liabilities
$
62

 
$
90

 
$
37

 
$
58

Long-term debt, including current portion(a)
6,174

 
5,529

 
5,469

 
5,528

Deferred credits and other liabilities
99

 
86

 
93

 
88

Total financial liabilities
$
6,335

 
$
5,705

 
$
5,599

 
$
5,674

(a) 
Excludes debt issuance costs.
Fair values of our notes receivable and our financial assets included in other noncurrent assets, and of our financial liabilities included in other current liabilities and deferred credits and other liabilities, are measured using an income approach and most inputs are internally generated, which results in a Level 3 classification. Estimated future cash flows are discounted using a rate deemed appropriate to obtain the fair value.
All of our long-term debt instruments are publicly traded. A market approach, based upon quotes from major financial institutions, which are Level 2 inputs, is used to measure the fair value of our debt.
17. Debt
Revolving Credit Facility
In September 2019, we entered into a fourth amendment to our unsecured revolving credit facility (the “Credit Facility”) to reduce the maximum borrowing from $3.4 billion to $3.0 billion and extended the maturity date by one year to May 28, 2023. As of December 31, 2019, we had no borrowings against our $3.0 billion Credit Facility or under our U.S. commercial paper program that is backed by the Credit Facility.
The Credit Facility includes a covenant requiring that our ratio of total debt to total capitalization not exceed 65% as of the last day of each fiscal quarter. If an event of default occurs, the lenders holding more than half of the commitments may terminate the commitments under the Credit Facility and require the immediate repayment of all outstanding borrowings and the cash collateralization of all outstanding letters of credit under the Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2019, we were in compliance with this covenant with a debt-to-capitalization ratio of 31%.

81

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Long-term debt
The following table details our long-term debt:
 
December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Senior unsecured notes:
 
 
 
2.700% notes due 2020(a)
$

 
$
600

2.800% notes due 2022(a)
1,000

 
1,000

9.375% notes due 2022(b)
32

 
32

Series A notes due 2022(b)
3

 
3

8.500% notes due 2023(b)
70

 
70

8.125% notes due 2023(b)
131

 
131

3.850% notes due 2025(a)
900

 
900

4.400% notes due 2027(a)
1,000

 
1,000

6.800% notes due 2032(a)
550

 
550

6.600% notes due 2037(a)
750

 
750

5.200% notes due 2045(a)
500

 
500

Bonds:(c)
 
 
 
2.00% bonds due 2037
200

 

2.10% bonds due 2037
200

 

2.20% bonds due 2037
200

 

Total(b) 
5,536

 
5,536

Unamortized discount
(7
)
 
(8
)
Unamortized debt issuance cost
(28
)
 
(29
)
Total long-term debt
$
5,501

 
$
5,499

(a) 
These notes contain a make-whole provision allowing us to repay the debt at a premium to market price.
(b) 
In the event of a change in control, as defined in the related agreements, debt obligations totaling $236 million at December 31, 2019 may be declared immediately due and payable.
(c) 
Mandatory purchase dates for these bonds: April 1, 2023 for the 2.00% bonds; July 1, 2024 for the 2.10% bonds; and July 1, 2026 for the 2.20% bonds. Subsequent to the various mandatory purchase dates, we will also have the right to convert and remarket these any time up to the 2037 maturity date.
On October 3, 2019, we redeemed our $600 million 2.7% senior unsecured notes due June 2020.
The following table shows future debt payments:
(In millions)
 
2020
$

2021

2022
1,035

2023
401

2024
200

Thereafter
3,900

Total long-term debt, including current portion
$
5,536


Debt Issuance
On October 1, 2019, we closed a $600 million remarketing to investors of sub-series A bonds which are part of the $1.0 billion St. John the Baptist, State of Louisiana revenue refunding bonds originally issued and purchased in December 2017. The $600 million in proceeds from the conversion and remarketing were used to pay the purchase price of our converted 2017 bonds on the closing date. We continue to own the remaining $400 million of the revenue refunding bonds and have the right to convert and remarket them to investors at any time up to the 2037 maturity date.

18. Incentive Based Compensation
Description of stock-based compensation plans – The Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2019 Plan”) was approved by our stockholders in May 2019 and authorizes the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors to grant stock options, stock appreciation rights (“SARs”), stock awards (including restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards), performance unit awards and cash awards to employees. The 2019 Plan also allows us to provide equity compensation to our non-employee directors. No more than 27.9 million shares of our common stock may be issued under the 2019 Plan. In connection with the granting of an award under the 2019 Plan, the number of shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan will be reduced by one share for each share of our common stock in respect of which the award is granted, except that awards that by their terms do not permit settlement in shares of our common stock will not reduce the number of shares of common stock available for issuance under the 2019 Plan.
Shares subject to awards under the 2019 Plan that are forfeited, terminated or expire unexercised become available for future grants. In addition, the number of shares of our common stock reserved for issuance under the 2019 Plan will not be increased by shares tendered to satisfy the purchase price of an award, exchanged for other awards or withheld to satisfy tax withholding obligations. Shares issued as a result of awards granted under the 2019 Plan are generally funded out of common stock held in treasury, except to the extent there are insufficient treasury shares, in which case new common shares are issued.
After approval of the 2019 Plan, no new grants were or will be made from any prior plans. Any awards previously granted under any prior plans shall continue to be exercisable in accordance with their original terms and conditions.
Stock-based awards under the plans
Stock options – We grant stock options under the 2019 Plan. Our stock options represent the right to purchase shares of our common stock at its fair market value on the date of grant. In general, our stock options vest ratably over a three-year period and have a maximum term of ten years from the date they are granted.
SARs – At December 31, 2019, there are no SARs outstanding.
Restricted stock – We grant restricted stock under the 2019 Plan. The restricted stock awards granted to officers generally vest three years from the date of grant, contingent on the recipient’s continued employment. We also grant restricted stock to certain non-officer employees based on their performance within certain guidelines and for retention purposes. The restricted stock awards to non-officers generally vest ratably over a three-year period, contingent on the recipient’s continued employment. Prior to vesting, all restricted stock recipients have the right to vote such stock and receive dividends thereon. The non-vested shares of restricted stock are not transferable and are held by our transfer agent.
Stock-based performance units – We grant stock-based performance units to officers under the 2019 Plan. At the grant date, each unit represents the value of one share of our common stock. These units are settled in shares, and the number of shares of our common stock to be paid is based on the vesting percentage, which can be from zero to 200% based on performance achieved over a three-year performance period, and as determined by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors. The performance goals are tied to our total shareholder return (“TSR”) as compared to TSR for a group of peer companies determined by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors. Dividend equivalents may accrue during the performance period and would be paid in cash at the end of the performance period based on the amount of dividends credited generally over the performance period on shares of our common stock that represent the value of the units granted multiplied by the vesting percentage.
Restricted stock units – We maintain an equity compensation program for our non-employee directors.  All non-employee directors receive annual grants of common stock units.  Any units granted prior to 2012 must be held until completion of board service, at which time the non-employee director will receive common shares.  For units granted between 2012 and 2016, common shares will generally vest following completion of board service or three years from the date of grant, whichever is earlier.  For awards issued in 2017 and later, directors may elect to defer settlement of their common stock units until after they cease serving on the Board.  Absent such an election to defer, common shares will vest upon the earlier of three years from the date of grant or completion of board service. Under the 2019 Plan, we also grant restricted stock units to officers, which generally vest three years from the date of the grant and restricted stock units to certain non-officer employees, which generally vest ratably over a three-year period.  Both awards are contingent on the recipient’s continued employment. Grants of restricted stock units to these non-officer employees are generally based on their performance and for retention purposes. Common shares will be issued for these restricted stock units after vesting. Prior to vesting, recipients of restricted stock units typically receive dividend equivalent payments, but they may not vote.



82

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Total stock-based compensation expense – Total employee stock-based compensation expense was $60 million, $53 million and $50 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017. Due to the full valuation allowance on our net federal deferred tax assets, we recognized no tax benefit during these years. Cash received upon exercise of stock option awards was $1 million and $26 million for 2019 and 2018. There was no cash received upon exercise of stock option awards 2017. There were no tax benefits realized for deductions for stock awards settled during 2019, 2018 and 2017.
 Stock option awards – During 2019, 2018 and 2017 we granted stock option awards to officer employees. The weighted average grant date fair value of these awards was based on the following weighted average Black-Scholes assumptions:

2019
 
2018
 
2017
Exercise price per share
$
16.79

 
$
14.52

 
$
15.80

Expected annual dividend yield
1.2
%
 
1.4
%
 
1.3
%
Expected life in years
5.82

 
6.45

 
6.4

Expected volatility
43
%
 
43
%
 
42
%
Risk-free interest rate
2.5
%
 
2.8
%
 
2.1
%
Weighted average grant date fair value of stock option awards granted
$
6.62

 
$
5.83

 
$
6.07


The following is a summary of stock option award activity in 2019.
 
Number of Shares
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term
 
Aggregate Intrinsic Value
(in millions)
Outstanding at beginning of year
6,180,007
 
$
24.39

 
 
 
 
Granted
648,526
 
$
16.79

 
 
 
 
Exercised
(84,804)
 
$
8.17

 
 
 
 
Canceled
(1,083,998)
 
$
25.45

 
 
 
 
Outstanding at end of year
5,659,731
 
$
23.55

 
5 years
 
$
3

Exercisable at end of year
4,323,312

 
$
25.96

 
4 years
 
$
3

Expected to vest
1,319,850

 
$
15.76

 
8 years
 
$


The intrinsic value of stock option awards exercised during 2018 was $13 million while it was immaterial during 2019 and 2017.
As of December 31, 2019, unrecognized compensation cost related to stock option awards was $5 million, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1 year.
 Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units – The following is a summary of restricted stock and restricted stock unit award activity in 2019.
 
Awards
 
Weighted Average Grant Date Fair Value
Unvested at beginning of year
8,504,946

 
$
14.04

Granted
4,113,190

 
$
16.65

Vested and Exercised
(3,813,221
)
 
$
12.64

Canceled
(1,630,529
)
 
$
15.78

Unvested at end of year
7,174,386

 
$
15.88

The vesting date fair value of restricted stock awards which vested during 2019, 2018 and 2017 was $48 million, $48 million and $39 million. The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock awards was $15.88, $14.04 and $14.24 for awards unvested at December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017.
As of December 31, 2019 there was $65 million of unrecognized compensation cost related to restricted stock awards which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 1 year.
Stock-based performance unit awards – During 2019, 2018 and 2017 we granted 656,636, 754,140 and 563,631 stock-based performance unit awards to officers. At December 31, 2019, there were 1,282,296 units outstanding. Total stock-based performance unit awards expense was $7 million in 2019, $13 million in 2018 and $8 million in 2017.

83

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

The key assumptions used in the Monte Carlo simulation to determine the fair value of stock-based performance units granted in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were:
 
2019(a)
 
2018
 
2017(b)
Valuation date stock price
$
16.79

 
$
13.69

 
$
13.58

Expected annual dividend yield
1.2
%
 
1.5
%
 
N/A

Expected volatility
43
%
 
41
%
 
N/A

Risk-free interest rate
2.5
%
 
1.5
%
 
N/A

Fair value of stock-based performance units outstanding
$
20.66

 
$
17.29

 
$
14.18


(a) 
Represents key assumptions at grant date, as 2019 performance unit awards are settled in stock.
(b) 
N/A as these stock-based performance unit awards vested as of December 31, 2019 and as such the value is based on the final payout.
19. Defined Benefit Postretirement Plans and Defined Contribution Plan
We have noncontributory defined benefit pension plans covering substantially all domestic employees. Benefits under these plans are based on plan provisions specific to each plan.
We also had a noncontributory defined benefit pension plan covering eligible U.K. employees that was transferred to the buyer in connection with the sale of our U.K. business during 2019. See Note 5 for further information on this disposition. During the year ended December 31, 2019, we reclassified $20 million from accumulated other comprehensive income to pension assets upon remeasurement of the plan.
We also have plans for other postretirement benefits covering our U.S. employees. Health care benefits are provided up to age 65 through comprehensive hospital, surgical and major medical benefit provisions subject to various cost-sharing features. Post-age 65 health care benefits are provided to certain U.S. employees on a defined contribution basis. Life insurance benefits are provided to certain retiree beneficiaries. These other postretirement benefits are not funded in advance. Employees hired after 2016 are not eligible for any postretirement health care or life insurance benefits.


84

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Obligations and funded status The following summarizes the obligations and funded status for our defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans.    
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
2019
 
2018
 
2019
 
2018
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
U.S.
Accumulated benefit obligation
$
343

 
$

 
$
320

 
$
511

 
$
89

 
$
96

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Change in pension benefit obligations:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
326

 
$
511

 
$
384

 
$
599

 
$
96

 
$
221

Service cost
19

 

 
18

 

 
1

 
2

Interest cost
12

 
8

 
12

 
14

 
3

 
7

Plan amendment

 

 

 
3

 

 
(99
)
Divestiture(a)

 
(549
)
 

 

 

 

Actuarial loss (gain)
48

 
36

 
(20
)
 
(38
)
 
9

 
(15
)
Foreign currency exchange rate changes

 
6

 

 
(29
)
 

 

Settlements paid
(45
)
 

 
(62
)
 
(23
)
 

 

Benefits paid
(6
)
 
(12
)
 
(6
)
 
(15
)
 
(20
)
 
(20
)
Ending balance
$
354

 
$

 
$
326

 
$
511

 
$
89

 
$
96

Change in fair value of plan assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning balance
$
203

 
$
594

 
$
216

 
$
670

 
$

 
$

Actual return on plan assets
44

 
68

 
(6
)
 
(21
)
 

 

Employer contributions
40

 
8

 
61

 
17

 
20

 
20

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

 
8

 

 
(34
)
 

 

Divestiture(a)

 
(666
)
 

 

 

 

Settlements paid
(45
)
 

 
(62
)
 
(23
)
 

 

Benefits paid
(6
)
 
(12
)
 
(6
)
 
(15
)
 
(20
)
 
(20
)
Ending balance
$
236

 
$

 
$
203

 
$
594

 
$

 
$

Funded status of plans at December 31
$
(118
)
 
$

 
$
(123
)
 
$
83

 
$
(89
)
 
$
(96
)
Amounts recognized in the consolidated balance sheets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Noncurrent assets
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
83

 
$

 
$

Current liabilities
(6
)
 

 
(5
)
 

 
(18
)
 
(19
)
Noncurrent liabilities
(112
)
 

 
(118
)
 

 
(71
)
 
(77
)
Accrued benefit cost
$
(118
)
 
$

 
$
(123
)
 
$
83

 
$
(89
)
 
$
(96
)
Pretax amounts in accumulated other comprehensive loss:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net loss
$
85

 
$

 
$
90

 
$
59

 
$
23

 
$
14

Prior service cost
(29
)
 

 
(36
)
 
5

 
(129
)
 
(147
)

(a) 
Refer to Note 5 for further information on the sale of our U.K. business.





85

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Components of net periodic benefit cost from continuing operations and other comprehensive (income) loss – The following summarizes the net periodic benefit costs and the amounts recognized as other comprehensive (income) loss for our defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans.
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
U.S.
 
U.S.
Components of net periodic benefit cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Service cost
$
19

 
$

 
$
18

 
$

 
$
22

 
$

 
$
1

 
$
2

 
$
2

Interest cost
12

 
8

 
12

 
14

 
13

 
17

 
3

 
7

 
8

Expected return on plan assets
(10
)
 
(11
)
 
(11
)
 
(24
)
 
(13
)
 
(30
)
 

 

 

Amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
- prior service credit
(7
)
 

 
(10
)
 

 
(10
)
 

 
(19
)
 
(8
)
 
(7
)
- actuarial loss
7

 

 
11

 

 
8

 
1

 
1

 
1

 

Net settlement loss(a)
12

 

 
18

 
3

 
28

 
4

 

 

 

Net periodic benefit cost(b)
$
33

 
$
(3
)
 
$
38

 
$
(7
)
 
$
48

 
$
(8
)
 
$
(14
)
 
$
2

 
$
3

Other changes in plan assets and benefit obligations recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss (pretax):
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Actuarial loss (gain)
$
14

 
$
(21
)
 
$
(4
)
 
$
8

 
$
28

 
$
(26
)
 
$
9

 
$
(15
)
 
$
5

Amortization of actuarial gain (loss)
(19
)
 
(41
)
 
(29
)
 
(3
)
 
(36
)
 
(4
)
 
(1
)
 
(1
)
 

Prior service cost (credit)

 

 

 
3

 

 

 

 
(99
)
 

Amortization of prior service credit (cost)
7

 
(6
)
 
10

 

 
10

 

 
19

 
8

 
7

Total recognized in other comprehensive (income) loss
$
2

 
$
(68
)
 
$
(23
)
 
$
8

 
$
2

 
$
(30
)
 
$
27

 
$
(107
)
 
$
12

Total recognized in net periodic benefit cost and other comprehensive (income) loss
$
35

 
$
(71
)
 
$
15

 
$
1

 
$
50

 
$
(38
)
 
$
13

 
$
(105
)
 
$
15


(a) 
Settlements are recognized as they occur, once it is probable that lump sum payments from a plan for a given year will exceed the plan’s total service and interest costs for that year.
(b) 
Net periodic benefit cost reflects a calculated market-related value of plan assets which recognizes changes in fair value over three years.
The estimated net loss and prior service credit for our defined benefit pension plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2020 are $9 million and $7 million. The estimated net loss and prior service credit for our other defined benefit postretirement plans that will be amortized from accumulated other comprehensive loss into net periodic benefit cost in 2020 are $2 million and $18 million.
Plan assumptions – The following summarizes the assumptions used to determine the benefit obligations at December 31, and net periodic benefit cost for the defined benefit pension and other postretirement plans for 2019, 2018 and 2017.
 
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
 
2019
 
2018
 
2017
(In millions)
U.S.
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
U.S.
 
U.S.
Weighted average assumptions used to determine benefit obligation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.13
%
 
4.26
%
 
2.90
%
 
3.55
%
 
2.50
%
 
2.91
%
 
4.09
%
 
3.54
%
Rate of compensation increase
4.50
%
 
4.00
%
 
%
 
4.00
%
 
%
 
4.50
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
Weighted average assumptions used to determine net periodic benefit cost:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Discount rate
3.70
%
 
3.88
%
 
2.50
%
 
3.86
%
 
2.70
%
 
4.09
%
 
3.54
%
 
3.98
%
Expected long-term return on plan assets
6.25
%
 
6.50
%
 
3.70
%
 
6.50
%
 
4.50
%
 
%
 
%
 
%
Rate of compensation increase
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
%
 
4.00
%
 
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%
 
4.00
%





86

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Expected long-term return on plan assets – The expected long-term return on plan assets assumption for our U.S. funded plan is determined based on an asset rate-of-return modeling tool developed by a third-party investment group which utilizes underlying assumptions based on actual returns by asset category and inflation and takes into account our U.S. pension plan’s asset allocation. To determine the expected long-term return on plan assets assumption for our international plans, we consider the current level of expected returns on risk-free investments (primarily government bonds), the historical levels of the risk premiums associated with the other applicable asset categories and the expectations for future returns of each asset class. The expected return for each asset category is then weighted based on the actual asset allocation to develop the overall expected long-term return on plan assets assumption.
Assumed weighted average health care cost trend rates
Employer provided subsidies for post-65 retiree health care coverage were frozen effective January 1, 2017 at January 1, 2016 established amount levels. Company contributions are funded to a Health Reimbursement Account on the retiree’s behalf to subsidize the retiree’s cost of obtaining health care benefits through a private exchange (the “post-65 retiree health benefits”). Therefore, a 1% change in health care cost trend rates would not have a material impact on either the service and interest cost components and the postretirement benefit obligations.
In the fourth quarter of 2018, we terminated the post-65 retiree health benefits effective as of December 31, 2020. The post-65 retiree health benefits will no longer be provided after that date. In addition, the pre-65 retiree medical coverage subsidy has been frozen as of January 1, 2019, and the ability for retirees to opt in and out of this coverage, as well as pre-65 retiree dental and vision coverage, has also been eliminated. Retirees must enroll in connection with retirement for such coverage, or they lose eligibility. These plan changes reduced our retiree medical benefit obligation by approximately $99 million at December 31, 2018.
Plan investment policies and strategies – The investment policies for our U.S. and international pension plan assets reflect the funded status of the plans and expectations regarding our future ability to make further contributions. Long-term investment goals are to: (1) manage the assets in accordance with applicable legal requirements; (2) produce investment returns which meet or exceed the rates of return achievable in the capital markets while maintaining the risk parameters set by the plan’s investment committees and protecting the assets from any erosion of purchasing power; and (3) position the portfolios with a long-term risk/return orientation. Investment performance and risk is measured and monitored on an ongoing basis through quarterly investment meetings and periodic asset and liability studies.
U.S. plan – The plan’s current targeted asset allocation is comprised of 55% equity securities and 45% other fixed income securities. Over time, as the plan’s funded ratio (as defined by the investment policy) improves, in order to reduce volatility in returns and to better match the plan’s liabilities, the allocation to equity securities will decrease while the amount allocated to fixed income securities will increase. The plan’s assets are managed by a third-party investment manager.
International plan – As mentioned above, the plan covering eligible U.K. employees that was transferred to the buyer in connection with the sale of our U.K. business during 2019.
Fair value measurements – Plan assets are measured at fair value. The following provides a description of the valuation techniques employed for each major plan asset class at December 31, 2019 and 2018.
Cash and cash equivalents Cash and cash equivalents are valued using a market approach and are considered Level 1.
Equity securities Investments in common stock are valued using a market approach at the closing price reported in an active market and are therefore considered Level 1. Private equity investments include interests in limited partnerships which are valued based on the sum of the estimated fair values of the investments held by each partnership, determined using a combination of market, income and cost approaches, plus working capital, adjusted for liabilities, currency translation and estimated performance incentives. These private equity investments are considered Level 3. Investments in pooled funds are valued using a market approach, these various funds consist of equity with underlying investments held in U.S. and non-U.S. securities. The pooled funds are benchmarked against a relative public index and are considered Level 2.
Fixed income securities – Fixed income securities are valued using a market approach. U.S. treasury notes and exchange traded funds (“ETFs”) are valued at the closing price reported in an active market and are considered Level 1. Corporate bonds, private placements, and GNMA/FNMA/FHLMC pools are valued using calculated yield curves created by models that incorporate various market factors. Primarily investments are held in U.S. and non-U.S. corporate bonds in diverse industries and are considered Level 2. Forward contracts included under government securities are traded in the over-the-counter market and occur between two parties only with no intermediary. The details of each contract such as trade size, price and maturity are tailored to each security and negotiated between the two parties, as such, these investments are considered Level 3. Other fixed income investments include zero coupon and interest rate swaps. Investments in pooled funds are valued using a market

87

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

approach, and primarily have investments held in U.S. and non-U.S. publicly traded investment grade government and corporate bonds and are considered Level 2.
Other – Other investments are comprised of an unallocated annuity contract, two limited liability companies, and real estate. All are considered Level 3, as significant inputs to determine fair value are unobservable.
Commingled funds – The investment in the commingled funds are valued using the net asset value of units held as a practical expedient. The commingled funds consist of equity and fixed income portfolios with underlying investments held in U.S. and non-U.S. securities.
The following tables present the fair values of our defined benefit pension plan’s assets, by level within the fair value hierarchy, as of December 31, 2019 and 2018.
 
December 31, 2019
(In millions)
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Total
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$
(7
)
 
$

 
$

 
$
(7
)
Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
75

 

 

 
75

Private equity

 

 
10

 
10

Pooled funds

 

 

 

Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 
2

 

 
2

Exchange traded funds
3

 

 

 
3

Government
31

 
11

 
5

 
47

Pooled funds

 

 

 

Other

 

 
18

 
18

Total investments, at fair value
102

 
13

 
33

 
148

Commingled funds(b)

 

 

 
88

Total investments
$
102

 
$
13

 
$
33

 
$
236

  
December 31, 2018
(In millions)
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
  
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
 
U.S.
 
Int’l
Cash and cash equivalents(a)
$
(1
)
 
$
5

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
(1
)
 
$
5

Equity securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Common stock
75

 

 

 

 

 

 
75

 

Private equity

 

 

 

 
14

 

 
14

 

Pooled funds

 

 

 
191

 

 

 

 
191

Fixed income securities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Corporate

 

 
4

 

 

 

 
4

 

Government
22

 

 
9

 

 
3

 

 
34

 

Pooled funds

 

 

 
398

 

 

 

 
398

Other

 

 

 

 
17

 

 
17

 

Total investments, at fair value
96

 
5

 
13

 
589

 
34

 

 
143

 
594

Commingled funds(b)

 

 

 

 

 

 
60

 

Total investments
$
96

 
$
5

 
$
13

 
$
589

 
$
34

 
$

 
$
203

 
$
594


(a)  
The negative cash balance was due to the timing of when investment trades occur and when they settle.
(b)  
After the adoption of the FASB update for the fair value hierarchy, we separately report the investments for which fair value was measured using the net asset value per share as a practical expedient. Amounts presented in this table are intended to reconcile the fair value hierarchy to the pension plan assets.

The activity during the year ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, for the assets using Level 3 fair value measurements was immaterial.

88

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements


Cash flows
Estimated future benefit payments – The following gross benefit payments, which were estimated based on actuarial assumptions applied at December 31, 2019 and reflect expected future services, as appropriate, are to be paid in the years indicated.
(In millions)
Pension Benefits
 
Other Benefits
2020
$
39

 
$
18

2021
35

 
10

2022
31

 
9

2023
29

 
8

2024
27

 
7

2025 through 2029
116

 
25

Contributions to defined benefit plans – We expect to make contributions to the funded pension plan of up to $28 million in 2020. Cash contributions to be paid from our general assets for the unfunded pension and postretirement plans are expected to be approximately $6 million and $18 million in 2020.
Contributions to defined contribution plans – We contribute to several defined contribution plans for eligible employees. Contributions to these plans totaled $18 million, $22 million and $20 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017.
20.  Reclassifications Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
The following table presents a summary of amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive income (loss):
 
Year Ended December 31,
 
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
Income Statement Line
Postretirement and postemployment plans
 
 
 
 
Amortization of prior service credit
$
26

 
$
18

Other net periodic benefit costs
Amortization of actuarial loss
(8
)
 
(12
)
Other net periodic benefit costs
Net settlement loss, net of tax
(12
)
 
(20
)
Other net periodic benefit costs
 
6

 
(14
)
 
Other

 

 
U.K pension plan transferred to buyer (a)(b)
83

 

 
Foreign currency translation adjustment related to sale of U.K. business(b)
30

 

 
Income taxes related to sale of U.K. business (b)
(45
)
 

 
 
68

 

Net gain on disposal of assets
Other insignificant items, net of tax
1

 

Net interest and other
Total reclassifications to expense, net of tax
$
75

 
$
(14
)
Net income (loss)
(a) 
See Note 19 for detail on the U.K. pension plan.
(b) 
See Note 5 for detail on the U.K. disposition.

89

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

21. Supplemental Cash Flow Information
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Included in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized
$
269

 
$
270

 
$
379

Income taxes paid to taxing authorities, net of refunds received(a)
73

 
287

 
391

Noncash investing activities, related to continuing operations:
 
 
 
 
 
Increase (decrease) in asset retirement costs
$
80

 
$
(183
)
 
$
(202
)
Asset retirement obligations assumed by buyer(b)
1,082

 
82

 
14

Notes receivable for disposition of assets

 

 
748


(a) 
2019, 2018 and 2017 includes $90 million, $37 million and $1 million, related to tax refunds. 2017 included a payment of $108 million made to the U.K. tax authorities to preserve our appeal rights, see Note 25 for additional discussion.
(b) 
In 2019, our dispositions include the sale of the Droshky field (Gulf of Mexico), the sale of our non-operated interest in the Atrush block in Kurdistan and the sale of our U.K. business. See Note 5 for further detail on dispositions.

Other noncash investing activities include accrued capital expenditures as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 of $288 million, $250 million and $329 million.
22. Other Items
Net interest and other
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Interest:
 
 
 
 
 
Interest income
$
25

 
$
32

 
$
34

Interest expense
(280
)
 
(280
)
 
(380
)
Income on interest rate swaps

 

 
53

Interest capitalized

 

 
3

Total interest
(255
)
 
(248
)
 
(290
)
Other:
 
 
 
 
 
Net foreign currency gain (loss)
4

 
9

 
8

Other
7

 
13

 
12

Total other
11

 
22

 
20

Net interest and other
$
(244
)
 
$
(226
)
 
$
(270
)

Foreign currency – Aggregate foreign currency gains (losses) were included in the consolidated statements of income as follows:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Net interest and other
$
4

 
$
9

 
$
8

Provision for income taxes
2

 
10

 
57

Aggregate foreign currency gains
$
6

 
$
19

 
$
65



90

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

23. Equity Method Investments
During 2019, 2018 and 2017 our equity method investees were considered related parties and included:
EGHoldings, in which we have a 60% noncontrolling interest. EGHoldings is engaged in LNG production activity.
Alba Plant LLC, in which we have a 52% noncontrolling interest. Alba Plant LLC processes LPG.
AMPCO, in which we have a 45% noncontrolling interest. AMPCO is engaged in methanol production activity.
Our equity method investments are summarized in the following table:
 
Ownership as of
 
December 31,
(In millions)
December 31, 2019
 
2019
 
2018
EGHoldings
60%
 
$
310

 
$
402

Alba Plant LLC
52%
 
163

 
167

AMPCO
45%
 
190

 
176

Total
 
 
$
663

 
$
745


Dividends and partnership distributions received from equity method investees (excluding distributions that represented a return of capital previously contributed) were $105 million in 2019, $270 million in 2018 and $276 million in 2017.
Summarized financial information for equity method investees is as follows:
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Income data – year:
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues and other income
$
832

 
$
1,269

 
$
1,294

Income from operations
250

 
588

 
631

Net income
187

 
459

 
508

Balance sheet data – December 31:
 
 
 
 
 
Current assets
$
455

 
$
559

 
 
Noncurrent assets
1,049

 
931

 
 
Current liabilities
284

 
253

 
 
Noncurrent liabilities
183

 
87

 
 


Revenues from related parties were $42 million, $48 million and $60 million in 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, with the majority related to EGHoldings in all years. We had no purchases from related parties during both 2019 and 2018, and $132 million in 2017, with the majority related to Alba Plant LLC.
Current receivables from related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018 were $28 million and $25 million, with the majority related to EGHoldings and Alba Plant LLC for 2019 and EGHoldings in 2018. Payables to related parties were $11 million and $15 million at December 31, 2019 and 2018, respectively, with the majority related to Alba Plant LLC.
24. Stockholders’ Equity
On July 31, 2019, the Board of Directors authorized an extension of the share repurchase program, which increased the remaining share repurchase authorization to $1.5 billion. During 2019, we acquired approximately 24 million of common shares at a cost of $345 million, which were held as treasury stock. During 2018, we acquired 36 million of common shares at a cost of $700 million under the same program. As of December 31, 2019 the total remaining share repurchase authorization was $1.4 billion. Purchases under the program are made at our discretion and may be in either open market transactions, including block purchases, or in privately negotiated transactions using cash on hand, cash generated from operations or proceeds from potential asset sales. This program may be changed based upon our financial condition or changes in market conditions and is subject to termination prior to completion. The repurchase program does not include specific price targets or timetables.

91

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

25. Commitments and Contingencies
Following the sale of our U.K. business to RockRose, we continued to hold outstanding surety bonds which guaranteed our decommissioning liabilities related to the Marathon Oil U.K. LLC assets. We issued these surety bonds in November 2018 with a notional value of approximately £92 million and an expiration date of December 31, 2019. RockRose was contractually required to post a replacement security to cover 2020 by no later than December 1, 2019. During the third quarter of 2019, we recorded a $6 million liability and corresponding expense related to the estimated fair value of our exposure to surety bonds. In November 2019, RockRose posted replacement security and accordingly, we reversed the aforementioned $6 million. See Note 5 for discussion of the U.K. sale in further detail.
In the second quarter of 2019, Marathon E.G. Production Limited (“MEGPL”), a consolidated and wholly-owned subsidiary, signed a series of agreements to process third-party Alen Unit gas through existing infrastructure located in Punta Europa, E.G. MEGPL is a signatory to the agreements related to our equity method investee, Alba Plant LLC. These agreements contain clauses that cause MEGPL to indemnify the owners of the Alen Unit against actions or inaction by Alba Plant LLC. Pursuant to these agreements, MEGPL agreed to indemnify third party property or events, including environmental assessments, injury to Alba Plant LLC’s personnel, and damage to or loss of Alba Plant LLC’s automobiles. At this time, we cannot reasonably estimate this obligation as we do not have any history of prior indemnification claims, as completion of the plant modifications is not expected to finish until 2021, and as such, we do not have any history of environmental discharge or contamination. Therefore, we have not recorded a liability with respect to these indemnification clauses since the amount of potential future payments under such guarantees is not determinable.
We are routinely undergoing examination of our U.S. federal income tax returns by the IRS. With the closure of the 2010-2011 IRS Audit referenced in Note 8, these audits have been completed through the 2016 tax year with the exception of the following item. During the third quarter of 2017, we received a partnership adjustment notification related to the 2010 and 2011 tax years, for which we filed a Tax Court Petition in the fourth quarter of 2017. During the third quarter of 2019, we received the court decision which ruled in our favor for all material items. At December 31, 2019, all issues have been effectively settled related to the partnership audit.
Various groups, including the State of North Dakota and three Indian tribes represented by the Bureau of Indian Affairs, have been involved in a dispute regarding the ownership of certain lands underlying the Missouri River and Little Missouri River.  As a result, as of December 31, 2019, we have recorded a $93 million liability in suspended royalty and working interest revenue, including interest, and have recorded a long-term receivable of $20 million for capital and expenses.
We are a defendant in a number of legal and administrative proceedings arising in the ordinary course of business including, but not limited to, royalty claims, contract claims, tax disputes and environmental claims. While the ultimate outcome and impact to us cannot be predicted with certainty, we believe the resolution of these proceedings will not have a material adverse effect on our consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows. Certain of these matters are discussed below.
Environmental matters – We have incurred and will continue to incur capital, operating and maintenance, and remediation expenditures as a result of environmental laws and regulations. If these expenditures, as with all costs, are not ultimately offset by the prices we receive for our products and services, our operating results will be adversely affected.  We believe that substantially all of our competitors must comply with similar environmental laws and regulations.  However, the specific impact on each competitor may vary depending on a number of factors, including the age and location of its operating facilities, marketing areas and production processes. These laws generally provide for control of pollutants released into the environment and require responsible parties to undertake remediation of hazardous waste disposal sites. Penalties may be imposed for noncompliance.
At December 31, 2019 and 2018, accrued liabilities for remediation were not material. It is not presently possible to estimate the ultimate amount of all remediation costs that might be incurred or the penalties that may be imposed.
Guarantees Over the years, we have sold various assets in the normal course of our business. Certain of the related agreements contain performance and general guarantees, including guarantees regarding inaccuracies in representations, warranties, covenants and agreements, and environmental and general indemnifications that require us to perform upon the occurrence of a triggering event or condition. These guarantees and indemnifications are part of the normal course of selling assets. We are typically not able to calculate the maximum potential amount of future payments that could be made under such contractual provisions because of the variability inherent in the guarantees and indemnities. Most often, the nature of the guarantees and indemnities is such that there is no appropriate method for quantifying the exposure because the underlying triggering event has little or no past experience upon which a reasonable prediction of the outcome can be based.


92

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

Contract commitments At December 31, 2019 and 2018, contractual commitments to acquire property, plant and equipment totaled $41 million and $57 million.
In connection with the sale of our operated producing properties in the greater Ewing Bank area and non-operated producing interests in the Petronius and Neptune fields in the Gulf of Mexico, we retained an overriding royalty interest in the properties. As part of the sale agreement, proceeds associated with the production of our override were $46 million as of December 31, 2019, and are dedicated solely to the satisfaction of the corresponding future abandonment obligations of the properties. The term of our override ends once sales proceeds equal $70 million.

93



Select Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited)




 
2019
 
2018
 
(In millions,
except per share data)
1st Qtr.
 
2nd Qtr.
 
3rd Qtr.
 
4th Qtr.
 
1st Qtr.
 
2nd Qtr.
 
3rd Qtr.
 
4th Qtr.
 
Revenues from contracts with customers
$
1,200

 
$
1,381

 
$
1,249

 
$
1,233

 
$
1,537

 
$
1,447

 
$
1,538

 
$
1,380

 
Income (loss) before income taxes
27

(a) 
193

 
175

 
(3
)
(a) 
524

 
140

 
357

 
406

(b) 
Net income (loss)
$
174

 
$
161

 
$
165

 
$
(20
)
 
$
356

 
$
96

 
$
254

 
$
390

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income (loss) per basic and diluted share:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss)
$
0.21

 
$
0.20

 
$
0.21

 
$
(0.03
)
 
$
0.42

 
$
0.11

 
$
0.30

 
$
0.47

 
Dividends paid per share
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
$
0.05

 
(a)
The first and fourth quarter of 2019 includes mark-to-market loss on commodity derivatives of $113 million and $55 million.
(b) 
The fourth quarter of 2018 includes a mark-to-market gain on commodity derivatives of $336 million and unproved property impairments and exploratory dry well costs of $49 million in the fourth quarter of 2018. (See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 11 to the consolidated financial statements). Additionally, the first quarter of 2018 includes a gain on sale of our Libya subsidiary of $255 million. (See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements).







94



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


The supplementary information is disclosed by the following geographic areas: the U.S.; E.G.; Libya; and Other International (“Other Int’l”), which includes the U.K., Gabon and the Kurdistan Region of Iraq. For further details on our dispositions that affect the information included in this supplemental information, see Note 5.
Preparation of Reserve Estimates
All estimates of reserves are made in compliance with SEC Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X. Crude oil and condensate, NGLs, natural gas and our historical synthetic crude oil reserve estimates are reviewed and approved by our Corporate Reserves Group (“CRG”), which includes our Director of Corporate Reserves and his staff of Reserve Coordinators. Crude oil and condensate, NGLs and natural gas reserve estimates are developed or reviewed by Qualified Reserves Estimators (“QREs”). QREs are petro-technical professionals located throughout our organization who meet the qualifications we have established for employees engaged in estimating reserves and resources. QREs have the education, experience, and training necessary to estimate reserves and resources in a manner consistent with all external reserve estimation regulations and internal resource estimation directives and practices. QREs generally hold at least a Bachelor of Science degree in the appropriate technical field, have a minimum of five years of industry experience with at least three years in reserve estimation and have completed our QRE training course. All reserves changes (including proved) must be approved by our CRG. Additionally, any change to proved reserve estimates in excess of 5 mmboe on a total field basis, within a single month, must be approved by the Director of Corporate Reserves.
The Director of Corporate Reserves, who reports to our Chief Financial Officer, has a Bachelor of Science degree in petroleum engineering and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of New Mexico. In his 33 years with Marathon Oil, he has held numerous engineering and management positions, including managing reservoir engineering and geoscience for our Eagle Ford development in South Texas. He is a 25 year member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers (“SPE”).
Technologies used in proved reserves estimation includes statistical analysis of production performance, decline curve analysis, pressure and rate transient analysis, pressure gradient analysis, reservoir simulation and volumetric analysis. The observed statistical nature of production performance coupled with highly certain reservoir continuity or quality within the reliable technology areas and sufficient proved developed locations establish the reasonable certainty criteria required for booking proved reserves.
Audits of Estimates
We have established a robust series of internal controls, policies and processes intended to ensure the quality and accuracy of our internal reserve estimates. We also engage third-party consultants to audit our estimates of proved reserves. Our policy requires that audits are provided for fields that comprise at least 80% of our total proved reserves over a rolling four-year period, adjusted for dispositions. We conduct our audits on a one-year in arrears basis and accordingly, our third-party consultants have not yet performed any audits of our reserve estimates for the year-ended December 31, 2019. In calculating our proved reserve audit coverage percentage, we only include the most recent year a field was audited within the rolling four-year period. To illustrate, our third-party proved reserve audits conducted during 2019 were for reserve estimates as of December 31, 2018 and covered reserves in Oklahoma (284 mmboe) and Eagle Ford (386 mmboe). The reserve audits conducted during 2018 were for reserve estimates as of December 31, 2017 and included reserves in Bakken (321 mmboe), which is reflected net of 2018 production in calculating our audit coverage as of December 31, 2019. The reserve audits conducted during 2017 were for reserve estimates as of December 31, 2016 and included reserves in Equatorial Guinea (151 mmboe), which is reflected net of 2017 and 2018 production in calculating our audit coverage as of December 31, 2019. On this basis, our third-party reserve audits covered 92% of our total proved reserves, excluding dispositions. An audit tolerance at a field level of +/- 10% to our internal estimates has been established. All audits conducted during this period fell within the established tolerance.
For the reserve estimates as of December 31, 2016, Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (“NSAI”) prepared a reserves certification for the Alba field in E.G. The NSAI summary report is filed as an exhibit to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Members of the NSAI team have multiple years of industry experience, having worked for large, international oil and gas companies before joining NSAI. NSAI’s technical team members meet or exceed the education, training, and experience requirements set forth in the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information promulgated by the SPE. The senior technical advisor has over 15 years of practical experience in petroleum engineering and the estimation and evaluation of reserves and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas. The second team member has over 13 years of practical experience in petroleum geosciences and is a licensed Professional Geoscientist in the State of Texas.
Ryder Scott Company performed audits for reserve estimates of our fields as of December 31, 2018 and 2017. Their summary reports are filed as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The team lead for Ryder Scott has over 37 years of industry experience, having worked for a major financial advisory services group before joining Ryder Scott. He is a 25 year member of SPE and is a registered Professional Engineer in the State of Texas.

95



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
The estimation of net recoverable quantities of crude oil and condensate, NGLs, natural gas and our historical synthetic crude oil is a highly technical process which is based upon several underlying assumptions that are subject to change. Proved reserves are determined using “SEC Pricing”, calculated as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month closing price for each month. As discussed in Item 1A. Risk Factors and Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations – Critical Accounting Estimates, commodity prices are volatile which can have an impact on proved reserves. If crude oil prices in the future average below prices used to determine proved reserves at December 31, 2019, it could have an adverse effect on our estimates of proved reserve volumes and the value of our business. Future reserve revisions could also result from changes in capital funding, drilling plans and governmental regulation, among other things. It is difficult to estimate the magnitude of any potential price change and the effect on proved reserves, due to numerous factors (including future crude oil price and performance revisions).
The table below provides the 2019 SEC pricing for certain benchmark prices:
 
2019 SEC Pricing
WTI Crude oil (per bbl)
$
55.69

Henry Hub natural gas (per mmbtu)
$
2.58

Brent crude oil (per bbl)
$
63.15

Mont Belvieu NGLs (per bbl)
$
18.41



































96



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves
(mmbbl)
U.S.
 
E.G.(a)
 
Libya(b)
 
Other Int'l(c)
 
Cont Ops(d)
Crude oil and condensate
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
Beginning of year - 2017
563

 
45

 
172

 
22

 
802

Revisions of previous estimates
9

 
(2
)
 

 
8

 
15

Purchases of reserves in place
18

 

 

 

 
18

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
30

 
4

 

 

 
34

Production
(49
)
 
(8
)
 
(7
)
 
(4
)
 
(68
)
Sales of reserves in place
(1
)
 

 

 

 
(1
)
End of year - 2017
570

 
39

 
165

 
26

 
800

Revisions of previous estimates
49

 
3

 

 
3

 
55

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
42

 

 

 
2

 
44

Production
(63
)
 
(6
)
 
(3
)
 
(5
)
 
(77
)
Sales of reserves in place
(3
)
 

 
(162
)
 
(1
)
 
(166
)
End of year - 2018
595

 
36

 

 
25

 
656

Revisions of previous estimates
34

 
3

 

 

 
37

Purchases of reserves in place
9

 

 

 

 
9

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
53

 

 

 

 
53

Production
(69
)
 
(6
)
 

 
(2
)
 
(77
)
Sales of reserves in place
(3
)
 

 

 
(23
)
 
(26
)
End of year - 2019
619

 
33

 

 

 
652

Proved developed reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
238

 
45

 
172

 
13

 
468

End of year - 2017
263

 
39

 
165

 
17

 
484

End of year - 2018
287

 
36

 

 
22

 
345

End of year - 2019
304

 
30

 

 

 
334

Proved undeveloped reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
325

 

 

 
9

 
334

End of year - 2017
307

 

 

 
9

 
316

End of year - 2018
308

 

 

 
3

 
311

End of year - 2019
315

 
3

 

 

 
318



97



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves (continued)
(mmbbl)
U.S.
 
E.G.(a)
 
Libya(b)
 
Other Int'l(c)
 
Cont Ops(d)
Natural gas liquids
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
Beginning of year - 2017
170

 
24

 

 

 
194

Revisions of previous estimates
37

 
3

 

 

 
40

Purchases of reserves in place
5

 

 

 

 
5

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
34

 
2

 

 

 
36

Production
(16
)
 
(4
)
 

 

 
(20
)
Sales of reserves in place
(1
)
 

 

 

 
(1
)
End of year - 2017
229

 
25

 

 

 
254

Revisions of previous estimates
(9
)
 
1

 

 

 
(8
)
Extensions, discoveries and other additions
25

 

 

 

 
25

Production
(20
)
 
(4
)
 

 

 
(24
)
Sales of reserves in place
(1
)
 

 

 

 
(1
)
End of year - 2018
224

 
22

 

 

 
246

Revisions of previous estimates
(21
)
 
2

 

 

 
(19
)
Purchases of reserves in place
5

 

 

 

 
5

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
19

 

 

 

 
19

Production
(22
)
 
(3
)
 

 

 
(25
)
Sales of reserves in place
(1
)
 

 

 

 
(1
)
End of year - 2019
204

 
21

 

 

 
225

Proved developed reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
78

 
24

 

 

 
102

End of year - 2017
118

 
25

 

 

 
143

End of year - 2018
119

 
22

 

 

 
141

End of year - 2019
122

 
19

 

 

 
141

Proved undeveloped reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
92

 

 

 

 
92

End of year - 2017
111

 

 

 

 
111

End of year - 2018
105

 

 

 

 
105

End of year - 2019
82

 
2

 

 

 
84



98



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves (continued)
(bcf)
U.S.
 
E.G.(a)
 
Libya(b)
 
Other Int'l(c)
 
Cont Ops(d)
Natural gas
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
Beginning of year - 2017
1,288

 
943

 
205

 
10

 
2,446

Revisions of previous estimates
(33
)
 
(18
)
 

 
4

 
(47
)
Purchases of reserves in place
36

 

 

 

 
36

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
204

 
76

 

 

 
280

Production(e)
(127
)
 
(168
)
 
(1
)
 
(6
)
 
(302
)
Sales of reserves in place
(44
)
 

 

 

 
(44
)
End of year - 2017
1,324

 
833

 
204

 
8

 
2,369

Revisions of previous estimates
188

 
35

 

 
4

 
227

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
198

 

 

 

 
198

Production(e)
(156
)
 
(153
)
 
(1
)
 
(5
)
 
(315
)
Sales of reserves in place
(1
)
 

 
(203
)
 

 
(204
)
End of year - 2018
1,553

 
715

 

 
7

 
2,275

Revisions of previous estimates
(223
)
 
108

 

 

 
(115
)
Purchases of reserves in place
28

 

 

 

 
28

Extensions, discoveries and other additions
118

 

 

 

 
118

Production(e)
(160
)
 
(133
)
 

 
(3
)
 
(296
)
Sales of reserves in place
(38
)
 

 

 
(4
)
 
(42
)
End of year - 2019
1,278

 
690

 

 

 
1,968

Proved developed reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
648

 
943

 
95

 
5

 
1,691

End of year - 2017
726

 
833

 
94

 
2

 
1,655

End of year - 2018
869

 
715

 

 
7

 
1,591

End of year - 2019
825

 
649

 

 

 
1,474

Proved undeveloped reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
640

 

 
110

 
5

 
755

End of year - 2017
598

 

 
110

 
6

 
714

End of year - 2018
684

 

 

 

 
684

End of year - 2019
453

 
41

 

 

 
494



99



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves (continued)
(mmbbl)
Disc Ops
Synthetic crude oil
 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
Beginning of year - 2017
692

Production
(7
)
Sales of reserves in place
(685
)
End of year - 2017

Proved developed reserves:
 
Beginning of year - 2017
692

End of year - 2017

Proved undeveloped reserves:
 
Beginning of year - 2017

End of year - 2017



100



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Estimated Quantities of Proved Oil and Gas Reserves (continued)
(mmboe)
U.S.
 
E.G.(a)
 
Libya(b)
 
Other Int'l(c)
 
Cont Ops(d)
 
Disc Ops
 
Total
Total Proved Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved developed and undeveloped reserves:
Beginning of year - 2017
948

 
226

 
206

 
24

 
1,404

 
692

 
2,096

Revisions of previous estimates
42

 
(1
)
 

 
8

 
49

 

 
49

Purchases of reserves in place
28

 

 

 

 
28

 

 
28

Extensions, discoveries and
other additions
98

 
18

 

 

 
116

 

 
116

Production(e)
(86
)
 
(40
)
 
(7
)
 
(5
)
 
(138
)
 
(7
)
 
(145
)
Sales of reserves in place
(10
)
 

 

 

 
(10
)
 
(685
)
 
(695
)
End of year - 2017
1,020

 
203

 
199

 
27

 
1,449

 

 
1,449

Revisions of previous estimates
71

 
8

 

 
5

 
84

 

 
84

Extensions, discoveries and
other additions
100

 

 

 
2

 
102

 

 
102

Production(e)
(109
)
 
(35
)
 
(3
)
 
(6
)
 
(153
)
 

 
(153
)
Sales of reserves in place
(4
)
 

 
(196
)
 
(1
)
 
(201
)
 

 
(201
)
End of year - 2018
1,078

 
176

 

 
27

 
1,281

 

 
1,281

Revisions of previous estimates
(23
)
 
24

 

 

 
1

 

 
1

Purchases of reserves in place
18

 

 

 

 
18

 

 
18

Extensions, discoveries and
other additions
91

 

 

 

 
91

 

 
91

Production(e)
(117
)
 
(31
)
 

 
(3
)
 
(151
)
 

 
(151
)
Sales of reserves in place
(11
)
 

 

 
(24
)
 
(35
)
 

 
(35
)
End of year - 2019
1,036

 
169

 

 

 
1,205

 

 
1,205

Proved developed reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
424

 
226

 
188

 
14

 
852

 
692

 
1,544

End of year - 2017
502

 
203

 
181

 
17

 
903

 

 
903

End of year - 2018
552

 
176

 

 
24

 
752

 

 
752

End of year - 2019
563

 
158

 

 

 
721

 

 
721

Proved undeveloped reserves:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Beginning of year - 2017
524

 

 
18

 
10

 
552

 

 
552

End of year - 2017
518

 

 
18

 
10

 
546

 

 
546

End of year - 2018
526

 

 

 
3

 
529

 

 
529

End of year - 2019
473

 
11

 

 

 
484

 

 
484

(a) 
Consists of estimated reserves from properties governed by production sharing contracts.
(b) 
In 2018, we closed on the sale of our subsidiary, Marathon Oil Libya Limited.
(c) 
In 2019, we closed on the sale of our U.K. business and our non-operated interested in the Atrush block of Kurdistan. These volumes are reflected in Other Int’l in the tables above for the periods presented.
(d) 
Continuing operations (“Cont Ops”) excludes the sale of our Canada business which was reflected as discontinued operations (“Disc Ops”) in 2017. Proved reserves in our Canada business consisted entirely of synthetic crude oil.
(e) 
Excludes the resale of purchased natural gas used in reservoir management.

101



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


2019 proved reserves decreased by 76 mmboe primarily due to the following:
Revisions of previous estimates: Increased by 1 mmboe as referenced below:
Increases:
20 mmboe associated with wells to sales that were additions to the plan
11 mmboe associated with planned compression in E.G.
11 mmboe due to technical revisions in E.G.
Decreases:
24 mmboe due to reduced commodity pricing
12 mmboe due to technical revisions in the U.S. resource plays
5 mmboe due to changes in the 5-year plan in the U.S. resource plays
Purchases of reserves in place: Increased by 18 mmboe due to the acquisition in the Eagle Ford.
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions: Increased by 91 mmboe in the U.S. resource plays as referenced below:
Increases:
53 mmboe associated with the expansion of proved areas
38 mmboe associated with wells to sales from unproved categories
Production: Decreased by 151 mmboe.
Sales of reserves in place: Decreased by 35 mmboe as referenced below:
Decreases:
19 mmboe associated with the sale of assets in the U.K.
11 mmboe associated with divestitures of certain U.S. assets
5 mmboe associated with the sale of the Atrush block in Kurdistan

2018 proved reserves decreased by 168 mmboe primarily due to the following:
Revisions of previous estimates: Increased by 84 mmboe as referenced below:
Increases:
108 mmboe associated with the acceleration of higher economic wells in the U.S. resource plays into the 5-year plan
15 mmboe associated with wells to sales that were additions to the plan
Decreases:
39 mmboe due to technical revisions across the business
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions: Increased by 102 mmboe primarily in the U.S. resource plays as referenced below:
Increases:
69 mmboe associated with the expansion of proved areas
33 mmboe associated with wells to sales from unproved categories
Production: Decreased by 153 mmboe.
Sales of reserves in place: Decreased by 201 mmboe as referenced below:
Decreases:
196 mmboe associated with the sale of our subsidiary in Libya
4 mmboe associated with divestitures of certain conventional assets in New Mexico and Michigan
1 mmboe associated with the sale of the Sarsang block in Kurdistan
2017 proved reserves decreased by 647 mmboe primarily due to the following:
Revisions of previous estimates: Increased by 49 mmboe as referenced below:
Increases:
44 mmboe due to the acceleration of higher economic wells in the Bakken into the 5-year plan
The remainder being due to revisions across the business
Extensions, discoveries, and other additions: Increased by 116 mmboe primarily due to an increase of 97 mmboe associated with the expansion of proved areas and wells to sales from unproved categories in Oklahoma.
Purchases of reserves in place: Increased by 28 mmboe from acquisitions of assets in the Northern Delaware Basin in New Mexico.
Production: Decreased by 145 mmboe.

102



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Sales of reserves in place: Decreased by 695 mmboe as referenced below:
Increases:
685 mmboe associated with the sale of our Canadian business
10 mmboe associated with divestitures of certain conventional assets in Oklahoma and Colorado. See Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data - Note 5 to the consolidated financial statements for information regarding these dispositions.

Changes in Proved Undeveloped Reserves
The following table shows changes in proved undeveloped reserves for 2019:
(mmboe)
 
Beginning of year
529

Revisions of previous estimates
18

Purchases of reserves in place
13

Extensions, discoveries, and other additions
68

Dispositions
(5
)
Transfers to proved developed
(139
)
End of year
484

Revisions of prior estimates: Increased by 18 mmboe as referenced below:
Increases:
16 mmboe associated with in-year drill schedule changes
11 mmboe associated with planned compression in E.G.
Decreases:
5 mmboe due to changes in the 5-year plan in the U.S. resource plays
4 mmboe due to technical revisions
Extensions, discoveries and other additions: Increased by 68 mmboe associated with expansion of proved areas in the U.S. resource plays as referenced below:
Increases:
28 mmboe in Oklahoma
25 mmboe in Permian
15 mmboe in Bakken
Transfers to proved developed: 139 mmboe of PUD reserves were converted to proved developed status during 2019, primarily from assets in our U.S. resource plays. This 2019 transfer equates to a 26% PUD conversion rate and a 5-year average annual PUD conversion rate during the 2015-2019 period of 20%. All proved undeveloped reserve drilling locations are scheduled to be producing within five years of the initial booking date.











103



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Costs Incurred & Future Costs to Develop
Costs incurred in 2019, 2018 and 2017 relating to the development of proved undeveloped reserves were $1,261 million, $1,082 million and $842 million.
The following table shows future development costs estimated to be required for the development of proved undeveloped reserves for future years.
(In millions)
Future Development Costs
2020
$
1,464

2021
1,568

2022
1,562

2023
1,456

2024
913


Capitalized Costs and Accumulated Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization
(In millions)
U.S.
 
E.G.
 
Other Int’l
 
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized Costs:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved properties
$
29,250

 
$
2,042

 
$

 
$
31,292

Unproved properties
2,880

 
12

 

 
2,892

Total
32,130

 
2,054

 

 
34,184

Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 

Proved properties
15,435

 
1,568

 

 
17,003

Unproved properties(a)
357

 
(7
)
 

 
350

Total
15,792

 
1,561

 

 
17,353

Net capitalized costs
$
16,338

 
$
493

 
$

 
$
16,831

Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capitalized Costs:
 
 
 
 
 
 

Proved properties
$
27,983

 
$
2,041

 
$
4,828

 
$
34,852

Unproved properties
2,977

 
11

 

 
2,988

Total
30,960

 
2,052

 
4,828

 
37,840

Accumulated depreciation, depletion and amortization:
 
 
 
 
 
 

Proved properties
14,742

 
1,471

 
4,706

 
20,919

Unproved properties(a)
299

 
(7
)
 

 
292

Total
15,041

 
1,464

 
4,706

 
21,211

Net capitalized costs
$
15,919

 
$
588

 
$
122

 
$
16,629

(a) 
Includes unproved property impairments (see Note 11).

104



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Costs Incurred for Property Acquisition, Exploration and Development (a) 
(In millions)
U.S.
 
E.G.
 
Libya
 
Other Int’l
 
Cont Ops
 
Disc Ops
 
Total
December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property acquisition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved
$
93

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
93

 
$

 
$
93

Unproved
282

 

 

 

 
282

 

 
282

Exploration
862

 

 

 

 
862

 

 
862

Development
1,675

 
1

 

 
23

 
1,699

 

 
1,699

Total
$
2,912

 
$
1

 
$

 
$
23

 
$
2,936

 
$

 
$
2,936

December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property acquisition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved
$
211

 
$

 
$

 
$
11

 
$
222

 
$

 
$
222

Unproved
144

 

 

 

 
144

 

 
144

Exploration
929

 
1

 

 
(9
)
 
921

 

 
921

Development
1,332

 
(2
)
 

 
(126
)
(b) 
1,204

 

 
1,204

Total
$
2,616

 
$
(1
)
 
$

 
$
(124
)
 
$
2,491

 
$

 
$
2,491

December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Property acquisition:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Proved
$
191

 
$
1

 
$

 
$

 
$
192

 
$

 
$
192

Unproved
1,746

 

 

 
1

 
1,747

 

 
1,747

Exploration
882

 
1

 

 
40

 
923

 

 
923

Development
1,122

 
5

 
10

 
(144
)
(b) 
993

 
6

 
999

Total
$
3,941

 
$
7

 
$
10

 
$
(103
)
 
$
3,855

 
$
6

 
$
3,861

(a) 
Includes costs incurred whether capitalized or expensed. 
(b) 
Includes revisions to asset retirement costs primarily due to changes in U.K. estimated costs as well as timing of abandonment activities.

105



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities
 
U.S.
 
E.G.
 
Libya
 
Other Int’l
 
Cont Ops
 
Disc Ops
 
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues and other income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sales
$
4,472

 
$
307

 
$

 
$
140

 
$
4,919

 
$

 
$
4,919

Other income(a)
46

 

 

 
3

 
49

 

 
49

Total revenues and other income
4,518

 
307

 

 
143

 
4,968

 

 
4,968

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Production costs
(1,384
)
 
(73
)
 

 
(71
)
 
(1,528
)
 

 
(1,528
)
Exploration expenses(b)
(149
)
 

 

 

 
(149
)
 

 
(149
)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization(c)
(2,274
)
 
(97
)
 

 
(23
)
 
(2,394
)
 

 
(2,394
)
Technical support and other
(38
)
 
(9
)
 

 
(10
)
 
(57
)
 

 
(57
)
Total expenses
(3,845
)
 
(179
)
 

 
(104
)
 
(4,128
)
 

 
(4,128
)
Results before income taxes
673

 
128

 

 
39

 
840

 

 
840

Income tax (provision) benefit
(6
)
 
(32
)
 

 
12

 
(26
)
 

 
(26
)
Results of operations
$
667

 
$
96

 
$

 
$
51

 
$
814

 
$

 
$
814

Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Revenues and other income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Sales
$
4,842

 
$
383

 
$
196

 
$
402

 
$
5,823

 
$

 
$
5,823

Other income(a)
81

 

 
255

 
104

 
440

 

 
440

Total revenues and other income
4,923

 
383

 
451

 
506

 
6,263

 

 
6,263

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Production costs
(1,371
)
 
(68
)
 
(12
)
 
(180
)
 
(1,631
)
 

 
(1,631
)
Exploration expenses(b)
(245
)
 
(51
)
 

 
7

 
(289
)
 

 
(289
)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization(c)
(2,247
)
 
(117
)
 
(8
)
 
(102
)
 
(2,474
)
 

 
(2,474
)
Technical support and other
(49
)
 
(5
)
 

 
(6
)
 
(60
)
 

 
(60
)
Total expenses
(3,912
)
 
(241
)
 
(20
)
 
(281
)
 
(4,454
)
 

 
(4,454
)
Results before income taxes
1,011

 
142

 
431

 
225

 
1,809

 

 
1,809

Income tax (provision) benefit
19

 
(38
)
 
(163
)
 
(124
)
 
(306
)
 

 
(306
)
Results of operations
$
1,030

 
$
104

 
$
268

 
$
101

 
$
1,503

 
$

 
$
1,503

Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Revenues and other income:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Sales
$
3,050

 
$
45

 
$
431

 
$
282

 
$
3,808

 
$
423

 
$
4,231

Transfers

 
344

 

 

 
344

 

 
344

Other income(a)
74

 

 

 
38

 
112

 
(43
)
 
69

Total revenues and other income
3,124

 
389

 
431

 
320

 
4,264

 
380

 
4,644

Expenses:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 

Production costs
(985
)
 
(84
)
 
(44
)
 
(152
)
 
(1,265
)
 
(272
)
 
(1,537
)
Exploration expenses(b)
(153
)
 

 

 
(254
)
 
(407
)
 

 
(407
)
Depreciation, depletion and amortization(c)
(2,105
)
 
(134
)
 
(21
)
 
(273
)
 
(2,533
)
 
(6,676
)
 
(9,209
)
Technical support and other
(28
)
 
(4
)
 
(4
)
 
(25
)
 
(61
)
 

 
(61
)
Total expenses
(3,271
)
 
(222
)
 
(69
)
 
(704
)
 
(4,266
)
 
(6,948
)
 
(11,214
)
Results before income taxes
(147
)
 
167

 
362

 
(384
)
 
(2
)
 
(6,568
)
 
(6,570
)
Income tax (provision) benefit
(1
)
 
(50
)
 
(333
)
 
13

 
(371
)
 
1,674

 
1,303

Results of operations
$
(148
)
 
$
117

 
$
29

 
$
(371
)
 
$
(373
)
 
$
(4,894
)
 
$
(5,267
)
(a) 
Includes net gain (loss) on dispositions (see Note 5). In 2018 and 2017 this also includes revisions to asset retirement costs primarily due to changes in U.K. estimated costs as well as timing of abandonment activities.
(b) 
Includes exploratory dry well costs, unproved property impairments, and other.
(c) 
Includes long-lived asset impairments (see Note 11).





106



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Results of Operations for Oil and Gas Producing Activities
The following reconciles results of operations for oil and gas producing activities to segment income:
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Results of operations
$
814

 
$
1,503

 
$
(5,267
)
Discontinued operations

 

 
4,894

Results of continuing operations
814

 
1,503

 
(373
)
Items not included in results of oil and gas operations, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Marketing income and other non-oil and gas producing related activities
(141
)
 
(170
)
 
(107
)
Income from equity method investments
87

 
214

 
229

Items not allocated to segment income, net of tax:
 
 
 
 
 
Loss (gain) on asset dispositions and other

 
(304
)
 
(79
)
Long-lived asset impairments
24

 
103

 
475

Unrealized loss (gain) on derivatives
124

 
(265
)
 
81

Segment income
$
908

 
$
1,081

 
$
226


107



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows Relating to Proved Reserves
U.S. GAAP prescribes guidelines for computing the standardized measure of future net cash flows and changes therein relating to estimated proved reserves, giving very specific assumptions to be made such as the use of a 10% discount rate and an unweighted average of commodity prices in the prior 12-month period using the closing prices on the first day of each month as well as current costs applicable at the date of the estimate. These and other required assumptions have not always proved accurate in the past, and other valid assumptions would give rise to substantially different results. In addition, the 10% discount rate required to be used is not necessarily the most appropriate discount factor based on our cost of capital and the risks associated with our business and the oil and natural gas industry in general. This information is not the fair value nor does it represent the expected present value of future cash flows of our crude oil and condensate, natural gas liquids, and natural gas reserves.
(In millions)
U.S.
 
E.G.
 
Libya
 
Other Int’l
 
Total
Year Ended December 31, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future cash inflows
$
40,487

 
$
1,812

 
$

 
$

 
$
42,299

Future production and support costs
(14,167
)
 
(838
)
 

 

 
(15,005
)
Future development costs
(7,561
)
 
(18
)
 

 

 
(7,579
)
Future income tax expenses
(1,085
)
 
(280
)
 

 

 
(1,365
)
Future net cash flows
$
17,674

 
$
676

 
$

 
$

 
$
18,350

10% annual discount for timing of cash flows
(7,416
)
 
(179
)
 

 

 
(7,595
)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows-
related to continuing operations
$
10,258

 
$
497

 
$

 
$

 
$
10,755

Year Ended December 31, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future cash inflows
$
49,054

 
$
2,218

 
$

 
$
1,813

 
$
53,085

Future production and support costs
(15,995
)
 
(878
)
 

 
(876
)
 
(17,749
)
Future development costs
(7,729
)
 
(12
)
 

 
(1,072
)
 
(8,813
)
Future income tax expenses
(1,967
)
 
(355
)
 

 
275

 
(2,047
)
Future net cash flows
$
23,363

 
$
973

 
$

 
$
140

(a) 
$
24,476

10% annual discount for timing of cash flows
(10,653
)
 
(254
)
 

 
100

 
(10,807
)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows-
related to continuing operations
$
12,710

 
$
719

 
$

 
$
240

 
$
13,669

Year Ended December 31, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Future cash inflows
$
36,480

 
$
1,966

 
$
10,303

 
$
1,403

 
$
50,152

Future production and support costs
(14,796
)
 
(748
)
 
(931
)
 
(821
)
 
(17,296
)
Future development costs
(6,987
)
 
(7
)
 
(501
)
 
(1,247
)
 
(8,742
)
Future income tax expenses
(786
)
 
(274
)
 
(8,387
)
 
496

 
(8,951
)
Future net cash flows
$
13,911

 
$
937

 
$
484

 
$
(169
)
(a) 
$
15,163

10% annual discount for timing of cash flows
(7,009
)
 
(235
)
 
(224
)
 
168

 
(7,300
)
Standardized measure of discounted future net cash flows-
related to continuing operations
$
6,902

 
$
702

 
$
260

 
$
(1
)
 
$
7,863

(a) 
Future cash flows for Other International reflects the impact of future abandonment costs related to the U.K.

108



Supplementary Information on Oil and Gas Producing Activities (Unaudited)


Changes in the Standardized Measure of Discounted Future Net Cash Flows
 
Year Ended December 31,
(In millions)
2019
 
2018
 
2017
Sales and transfers of oil and gas produced, net of production and support costs
$
(3,345
)
 
$
(4,135
)
 
$
(2,853
)
Net changes in prices and production and support costs related to future production
(3,569
)
 
6,342

 
4,916

Extensions, discoveries and improved recovery, less related costs
718

 
998

 
661

Development costs incurred during the period
1,727

 
1,240

 
1,027

Changes in estimated future development costs
278

 
(330
)
 
183

Revisions of previous quantity estimates(a)
7

 
(501
)
 
497

Net changes in purchases and sales of minerals in place
(200
)
 
(3,035
)
 
102

Accretion of discount
1,315

 
1,175

 
698

Net change in income taxes
155

 
4,052

 
(1,245
)
Net change for the year
(2,914
)
 
5,806

 
3,986

Beginning of the year
13,669

 
7,863

 
3,877

End of the year
$
10,755

 
$
13,669

 
$
7,863

(a) 
Includes amounts resulting from changes in the timing of production.






109


Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
An evaluation of the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) was carried out under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer. As of the end of the period covered by this Report based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the design and operation of these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2019.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
See “Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting” under Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Attestation Report of the Registered Public Accounting Firm
See “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm” under Item 8 of this Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
During the fourth quarter of 2019, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information
None.

110


PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to “Proposal 1: Election of Directors,” “Corporate Governance—Committees of the Board” and “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance” in our Proxy Statement for the 2020 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed with the SEC within 120 days of December 31, 2019 (the “2020 Proxy Statement”).
See “Executive Officers of the Registrant” under Item 1 of this Form 10-K for information about our executive officers.
Our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers, which applies to the Company’s principal executive officer, principal financial officer, principal accounting officer or controller, or persons performing similar functions, is available on our website at www.marathonoil.com under Investors—Corporate Governance. You may request a printed copy free of charge by sending a request to the Corporate Secretary. We intend to disclose any amendments and any waivers to our Code of Ethics for Senior Financial Officers on our website at www.marathonoil.com under Investors —Corporate Governance within four business days. The waiver information will remain on the website for at least 12 months after the initial disclosure of such waiver.

Item 11. Executive Compensation
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to “Corporate Governance—Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation,” “Compensation Committee Report,” “Director Compensation,” “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” and “Executive Compensation” in the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters
Portions of information required by this item are incorporated by reference to “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” in the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information as of December 31, 2019 with respect to shares of Marathon Oil common stock that may be issued under our existing equity compensation plans:
Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2019 Plan”)
Marathon Oil Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2016 Plan”)
Marathon Oil Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2012 Plan”) – No additional awards will be granted under this plan.
Marathon Oil Corporation 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “2007 Plan”) – No additional awards will be granted under this plan.
Plan category
Number of securities to be issued upon exercise of outstanding options, warrants and rights
 
Weighted-average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights(b)
 
Number of securities remaining available for future issuance under equity compensation plans
 
Equity compensation plans approved by stockholders
6,546,401

(a) 
$
23.55

 
30,911,537

(c)  
(a) 
Includes the following:
No stock options outstanding under the 2019 Plan; 2,044,463 stock options outstanding under the 2016 Plan; 2,494,866 stock options outstanding under the 2012 Plan; 989,835 stock options outstanding under the 2007 Plan;
181,982 common stock units that have been credited to non-employee directors pursuant to the annual director stock award program established under the 2019 Plan, 2016 Plan, 2012 Plan and 2007 Plan. Common stock units credited under the 2019 Plan, 2016 Plan, 2012 Plan and 2007 Plan were nil 153,119, nil, and 28,863, respectively;
12,263 and 647,889 outstanding restricted stock units granted to non-officers under the 2019 Plan and 2016 Plan as of December 31, 2019, respectively. Additionally, 175,103 outstanding restricted stock units granted to officers under the 2016 Plan;
In addition to the awards reported above, 6,060,945 and 276,719 shares of restricted stock were issued and outstanding as of December 31, 2019, but subject to forfeiture restrictions under the 2016 Plan and 2019 Plan, respectively.
(b) 
The weighted-average exercise prices do not take the restricted stock units or common stock units into account as these awards have no exercise price.
(c) 
Reflects the shares available for issuance under the 2019 Plan. No more than 30,775,974 of these shares may be issued for awards other than stock options or stock appreciation rights. In addition, shares related to grants that are forfeited, terminated, canceled or expire unexercised shall again immediately become available for issuance.


111


Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to “Transactions with Related Persons,” and “Proposal 1: Election of Directors—Director Independence” in the 2020 Proxy Statement.
Item 14. Principal Accountant Fees and Services
Information required by this item is incorporated by reference to “Proposal 2: Ratification of Independent Auditor for 2020“ in the 2020 Proxy Statement.

112


PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules
A. Documents Filed as Part of the Report
1. Financial Statements – See Part II, Item 8. of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
2. Financial Statement Schedules – The audited financial statements and related footnotes of Alba Plant LLC, our equity method investment, are being filed within Exhibit 99.9 in accordance with Rule 3-09 of Regulation S-X. All other financial statement schedules required under SEC rules but not included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K are omitted because they are not applicable or the required information is contained in the consolidated financial statements or notes thereto.
3. Exhibits – The information required by this Item 15 is incorporated by reference to the Exhibit Index accompanying this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Item 16. Form 10-K Summary
None.


113


SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.
February 20, 2020
 
MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
 
 
 
 
 
By: /s/ GARY E. WILSON
 
 
Gary E. Wilson
 
 
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer

POWER OF ATTORNEY
Each person whose signature appears below appoints Lee M. Tillman, Dane E. Whitehead, and Gary E. Wilson, and each of them, as his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments to this Annual Report on Form 10-K, and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, with full power and authority to each of said attorneys-in-fact and agents to do and perform each and every act whatsoever that is necessary, appropriate or advisable in connection with any or all of the above-described matters and to all intents and purposes as he or she might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on February 20, 2020 on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities indicated.
Signature
 
Title
 
 
 
/s/ LEE M. TILLMAN
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
Lee M. Tillman
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ DANE E. WHITEHEAD
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
Dane E. Whitehead
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ GARY E. WILSON
 
Vice President, Controller and Chief Accounting Officer
Gary E. Wilson
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ GREGORY H. BOYCE
 
Director
Gregory H. Boyce
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ CHADWICK C. DEATON
 
Director
Chadwick C. Deaton
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ MARCELA E. DONADIO
 
Director
Marcela E. Donadio
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ JASON B. FEW
 
Director
Jason B. Few
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ DOUGLAS L. FOSHEE
 
Director
Douglas L. Foshee
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ M.ELISE HYLAND
 
Director
M. Elise Hyland
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ J.KENT WELLS
 
Director
J. Kent Wells
 
 

114


Exhibit Index
Exhibit Number
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference (File No. 001-05153, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
1
 
Underwriting Agreement
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.1
 
 
10-K
 
1.1
 
2/22/2018
2
 
Plan of Acquisition, Reorganization, Arrangement, Liquidation or Succession
 
 
 
 
 
 
2.1
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
5/5/2017
3
 
Articles of Incorporation and By-laws
3.1
 
 
8-K
 
3.1
 
6/1/2018
3.2
 
 
10-Q
 
3.2
 
8/4/2016
3.3
 
 
10-K
 
3.3
 
2/28/2014
4
 
Instruments Defining the Rights of Security Holders, Including Indentures
4.1
 
 
10-K
 
4.2
 
2/28/2014
4.2*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10
 
Material Contracts
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.1
 
 
8-K
 
4.1
 
6/2/2014
10.2
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
5/7/2015
10.3
 
 
8-K
 
99.1
 
3/8/2016

1


Exhibit Number
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference (File No. 001-05153, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
10.4
 
 
8-K
 
99.1
 
6/23/2017
10.5
 
 
10-Q
 
10.2
 
8/3/2017
10.6
 
 
8-K
 
99.1
 
10/22/2018
10.7
 

 
8-K
 
10.1
 
9/24/2019
10.8†
 
 
DEF 14A
 
App. A
 
4/12/2019
10.9†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
8/8/2019
10.10†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.2
 
8/8/2019
10.11†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.3
 
8/8/2019
10.12
 
 
10-Q
 
10.4
 
8/8/2019

2


Exhibit Number
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference (File No. 001-05153, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
10.13†*

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
10.14
 
 
DEF 14A
 
App. A
 
4/7/2016
10.15†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
5/2/2019
10.16†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.2
 
5/2/2019
10.17†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.3
 
5/2/2019
10.18
 
 
10-Q
 
10.4
 
5/2/2019
10.19†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.5
 
5/2/2019
10.20†
 
 
8-K/A
 
10.1
 
10/6/2016
10.21†
 
 
10-K
 
10.6
 
2/24/2017
10.22†
 
 
10-K
 
10.7
 
2/24/2017
10.23†
 
 
10-K
 
10.8
 
2/24/2017
10.24†

 
 
10-K
 
10.9
 
2/24/2017
10.25†

 
 
10-K
 
10.12
 
2/22/2018
10.26†

 
 
10-K
 
10.13
 
2/22/2018
10.27
 
 
DEF 14A
 
App. III
 
3/8/2012
10.28
 
 
8-K
 
10.1
 
8/1/2014
10.29†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
5/7/2014
10.30
 
 
10-Q
 
10.2
 
5/7/2014
10.31†
 
 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
11/6/2013
10.32†
 
 
10-K
 
10.5
 
2/22/2013

3


Exhibit Number
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference (File No. 001-05153, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
10.33†
 
 
10-K
 
10.6
 
2/22/2013
10.34
 
 
10-K
 
10.5
 
2/29/2012
10.35†
 
 
10-K
 
10.6
 
2/29/2012
10.36
 
 
10-K
 
10.5
 
2/28/2011
10.37†
 
 
10-K
 
10.29
 
2/24/2017
10.38†
 
 
10-K
 
10.32
 
2/29/2012
10.39†
 
 
10-K
 
10.31
 
2/29/2012
10.40†
 

 
10-Q
 
10.1
 
11/7/2019
10.41
 
 
10-K
 
10.10
 
2/28/2011
10.42
 
 
10-K
 
10.32
 
2/27/2009
10.43
 
 
8-K
 
10.1
 
5/26/2011
21.1*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.1*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.2*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.3*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
23.4*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.1*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
31.2*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.1*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
32.2*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
99.1*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
99.2*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
99.3
 
 
10-K
 
99.2
 
2/21/2019

4


Exhibit Number
 
 
 
Incorporated by Reference (File No. 001-05153, unless otherwise indicated)
 
Exhibit Description
 
Form
 
Exhibit
 
Filing Date
99.4
 
 
10-K
 
99.7
 
2/22/2018
99.9*
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.INS*
 
XBRL Instance Document - the XBRL Instance Document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.SCH*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.CAL*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.DEF*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.LAB*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase
 
 
 
 
 
 
101.PRE*
 
XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase
 
 
 
 
 
 
104*
 
Cover Page Interactive Data File, formatted in iXBRL and contained in Exhibit 101
 
 
 
 
 
 
*
 
Filed herewith.
 
Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

5
Exhibit 4.2

Description of Common Stock
Our authorized common stock consists of:
 
 
• 1,925,000,000 shares of common stock.
 
 
 
Each authorized share of common stock has a par value of $1.00. As of December 31, 2019, 796,238,402 shares of common stock were outstanding, and 140,649,683 shares of common stock were held as treasury shares.

In the discussion that follows, we have summarized the material provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws relating to our common stock. This discussion is subject to the relevant provisions of Delaware law and is qualified in its entirety by reference to our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws. You should read the provisions of the restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws as currently in effect for more details regarding the provisions described below and for other provisions that may be important to you.

Common Stock
Each share of common stock has one vote in the election of each director and on all other matters voted on generally by the stockholders. No share of common stock affords any cumulative voting rights. This means that the holders of a majority of the voting power of the shares voting for the election of directors can elect all directors to be elected if they choose to do so. Holders of common stock will be entitled to dividends in such amounts and at such times as our board of directors in its discretion may declare out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends. Dividends on the common stock will be paid at the discretion of our board of directors after taking into account various factors, including:
    
•    our financial condition and performance;
    
•    our cash needs and capital investment plans;
    
•    our obligations to holders of any preferred stock we may issue;
    
•    income tax consequences; and

•    the restrictions Delaware and other applicable laws then impose.

In addition, the terms of the loan agreements, indentures and other agreements we enter into from time to time may restrict the payment of cash dividends.

If we liquidate or dissolve our business, the holders of common stock will share ratably in all assets available for distribution to stockholders after our creditors are paid in full and the holders of all series of our outstanding preferred stock, if any, receive their liquidation preferences in full.

The common stock has no preemptive rights and is not convertible or redeemable or entitled to the benefits of any sinking or repurchase fund. All issued and outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and nonassessable. Any shares of common stock we may offer and sell under this prospectus will also be fully paid and nonassessable.
Our outstanding shares of the common stock are listed on the New York Stock Exchange and trade under the symbol “MRO.” Any additional shares of common stock we may offer and sell under this prospectus will also be listed on the New York Stock Exchange.

The transfer agent and registrar for the common stock is Computershare Trust Company, N.A.

Limitation on Directors’ Liability

Delaware law authorizes Delaware corporations to limit or eliminate the personal liability of their directors to them and their stockholders for monetary damages for breach of a director’s fiduciary duty of care. The duty of care requires that, when acting on behalf of the corporation, directors must exercise an informed business judgment based on all material information reasonably available to them. Absent the limitations Delaware law authorizes, directors of Delaware corporations are accountable to those corporations and their stockholders for monetary damages for conduct constituting gross negligence in the exercise of their duty of care. Delaware law enables Delaware corporations to limit available relief to equitable remedies such as injunction or rescission. Our restated certificate of incorporation limits the liability of the members of our board of directors by providing that no director will be personally liable to us or our stockholders for monetary damages for any breach of the director’s fiduciary duty as a director, except for liability:

•    for any breach of the director’s duty of loyalty to us or our stockholders;
    
•    for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law;
    
•    for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law; and
    
•    for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.

 
 
This provision could have the effect of reducing the likelihood of derivative litigation against our directors and may discourage or deter our stockholders or management from bringing a lawsuit against our directors for breach of their duty of care, even though such an action, if successful, might otherwise have benefited us and our stockholders. Our by-laws provide indemnification to our officers and directors and other specified persons with respect to their conduct in various capacities.

Statutory Business Combination Provision

As a Delaware corporation, we are subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law. In general, Section 203 prevents an “interested stockholder,” which is defined generally as a person owning 15% or more of a Delaware corporation’s outstanding voting stock or any affiliate or associate of that person, from engaging in a broad range of “business combinations” with the corporation for three years following the date that person became an interested stockholder unless:

•    before that person became an interested stockholder, the board of directors of the corporation approved the transaction in which that person became an interested stockholder or approved the business combination;
    
•    on completion of the transaction that resulted in that person’s becoming an interested stockholder, that person owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, other than stock held by (1) directors who are also officers of the corporation or (2) any employee stock plan that does not provide employees with the right to determine confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a tender or exchange offer; or
    
•    following the transaction in which that person became an interested stockholder, both the board of directors of the corporation and the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding voting stock of the corporation not owned by that person approve the business combination.
 
 
Under Section 203, the restrictions described above also do not apply to specific business combinations proposed by an interested stockholder following the announcement or notification of designated extraordinary transactions involving the corporation and a person who had not been an interested stockholder during the previous three years or who became an interested stockholder with the approval of a majority of the corporation’s directors, if a majority of the directors who were directors prior to any person’s becoming an interested stockholder during the previous three years, or were recommended for election or elected to succeed those directors by a majority of those directors, approve or do not oppose that extraordinary transaction.
Other Matters
Some of the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation and by-laws discussed below may have the effect, either alone or in combination with the provisions of our restated certificate of incorporation discussed above and Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, of making more difficult or discouraging a tender offer, proxy contest, merger or other takeover attempt that our board of directors opposes but that a stockholder might consider to be in its best interest.

Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that our stockholders may act only at an annual or special meeting of stockholders and may not act by written consent. Our by-laws provide that special meetings may be called by our board of directors or upon the written request of stockholders who individually, or collectively, have continuously held 20% or more of the outstanding shares of our common stock for at least one year prior to the date we receive such request.

Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that the number of directors will be fixed from time to time by, or in the manner provided in, our by-laws, but will not be less than three.

Our by-laws contain advance-notice and other procedural requirements that apply to stockholder nominations of persons for election to our board of directors at any annual meeting of stockholders and to stockholder proposals that stockholders take any other action at any annual meeting. A stockholder proposing to nominate a person for election to the board of directors or proposing that any other action be taken at an annual meeting of stockholders must give our corporate secretary written notice of the proposal not less than 90 days and not more than 120 days before the first anniversary of the date on which we first mailed our proxy materials for the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. These stockholder proposal deadlines are subject to exceptions if the pending annual meeting date is more than 30 days prior to or more than 30 days after the first anniversary of the immediately preceding year’s annual meeting. Our by-laws prescribe specific information that any such stockholder notice must contain. These advance-notice provisions may have the effect of precluding a contest for the election of directors or the consideration of stockholder proposals if the proper procedures are not followed, and of discouraging or deterring a third party from conducting a solicitation of proxies to elect its own slate of directors or to approve its own proposal, without regard to whether consideration of those nominees or proposals might be harmful or beneficial to us and our stockholders.

In addition to the director nomination provisions described above, our by-laws contain a “proxy access” provision that provides that any stockholder or group of twenty or fewer stockholders (collectively, an “eligible stockholder”) who have owned 3% or more of our outstanding common stock continuously for at least three years, meeting specified eligibility requirements, may include up to a specified number of director nominees in our proxy materials for an annual meeting. An eligible stockholder proposing to nominate a person for election to the board of directors through the proxy access provision must provide us with a notice requesting the inclusion of the director nominee in our proxy materials and other required information not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the date on which we first mail our proxy materials for the preceding year’s annual meeting of stockholders. The maximum number of stockholder nominees that may be included in the proxy statement pursuant to these provisions may not exceed 25% of the number of directors in office as of the last day on which notice requesting proxy access may be delivered by an eligible stockholder. In addition an eligible stockholder may include a written statement of not more than 500 words supporting the candidacy of such stockholder nominee. The complete proxy access provision for director nominations are set forth in our by-laws.

Our restated certificate of incorporation provides that our stockholders may adopt, amend and repeal our by-laws at any regular or special meeting of stockholders by an affirmative vote of the majority of shares present in person or represented by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote on that action, provided the notice of intention to adopt, amend or repeal the by-laws has been included in the notice of that meeting.


Exhibit 10.13

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
2019 INCENTIVE COMPENSATION PLAN

PERFORMANCE UNIT AWARD AGREEMENT
2020 - 2022 PERFORMANCE CYCLE

Section 16 Officer

1. Grant of Performance Units. Pursuant to this Award Agreement and the Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan (the “Plan”), MARATHON OIL CORPORATION (the “Corporation”) hereby grants to [NAME] (the “Participant”), an employee of the Corporation or a Subsidiary, on ____________, 2020, [NUMBER] Performance Units, representing the right to receive shares of Common Stock, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Award Agreement and the Plan. The Participant has no legally binding right to any payment prior to the vesting of the Performance Units in accordance with the terms of this Award Agreement.

2. Relationship to the Plan and Definitions.

(a) This grant of Performance Units is subject to all of the terms, conditions and provisions of the Plan and administrative interpretations thereunder, if any, that have been adopted by the Committee. Except as defined in this Award Agreement, capitalized terms shall have the same meanings ascribed to them under the Plan. To the extent that any provision of this Award Agreement conflicts with the express terms of the Plan, the terms of the Plan shall control and, if necessary, the applicable provisions of this Award Agreement shall be hereby deemed amended so as to carry out the purpose and intent of the Plan.

(b) For purposes of this Award Agreement:
 
“Employment” means employment with the Corporation or any of its Subsidiaries. For purposes of this Award Agreement, Employment shall also include any period of time during which the Participant is on Disability status.

Forfeiture Event” means the occurrence of at least one of the following (a) the Corporation is required, pursuant to a determination made by the Securities and Exchange Commission or by the Audit and Finance Committee of the Board, to prepare a material accounting restatement due to the noncompliance of the Corporation with any financial reporting requirement under applicable securities laws as a result of misconduct, and the Committee determines that (1) the Participant knowingly engaged in the misconduct, (2) the Participant was grossly negligent with respect to such misconduct or (3) the Participant knowingly or grossly negligently failed to prevent the misconduct or (b) the Committee concludes that the Participant engaged in fraud, embezzlement or other similar misconduct materially detrimental to the Corporation.


1

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



“Peer Group” means the following group of eleven companies (in addition to the Corporation): Apache Corporation, Chesapeake Energy Corporation, Cimarex Energy Co., Continental Resources, Inc., Devon Energy Corporation, EOG Resources, Inc., Hess Corporation, Murphy Oil Corporation, Noble Energy, Inc., Ovintiv Inc. (formerly Encana Corporation), and Pioneer Natural Resources Company. If, during the Performance Cycle, there is an announcement of any event that if completed would result in any Peer Group member (excluding the Corporation) either ceasing to exist or ceasing to be a company for which TSR can be calculated from publicly available information (a “Corporate Event”), then upon announcement of such Corporate Event, such company (or companies) shall no longer be a Peer Group member, and in determining the Vesting Percentage for these Performance Units, adjustments shall be made as set forth in Paragraph 3(b) below.

“Performance Cycle” means the period from January 1, 2020 to December 31, 2022. Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Change in Control occurs before December 31, 2022, then the Performance Cycle shall be the period from January 1, 2020 to the last regular trading date immediately preceding the effective date of such Change in Control.

“Performance Unit” means an unfunded and unsecured right to receive a payment of shares of Common Stock determined in accordance with the terms of this Award Agreement and the Plan.

“Total Shareholder Return” or “TSR” means the rate of return achieved with respect to the company’s common stock as if: (i) $100 were invested in the company’s stock, assuming a purchase price equal to the average closing price for the calendar month immediately before the start of the performance period, (ii) all dividends paid during the performance period were reinvested into additional shares, and (iii) assuming the company’s stock is valued at the end of the performance period based on the average closing price during the final month of the performance period.

“TSR Percentile Ranking” means the relative ranking of the Corporation's Total Shareholder Return for the Performance Cycle as compared to the Total Shareholder Return of the Peer Group companies during the Performance Cycle, expressed as a percentile ranking.

“Vesting Percentage” means the percentage (between 0% and 200%) determined by the Committee in accordance with the procedures set forth in Paragraph 3, which shall be used to determine the value of each Performance Unit.

3. Determination of Vesting Percentage.

(a) Except as provided in Paragraph 6 of this Award Agreement, the Vesting Percentage will depend upon the Corporation's TSR Percentile Ranking. At its first regularly scheduled meeting following the close of the Performance Cycle, the Committee shall determine the TSR Percentile Ranking and the

2

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



Vesting Percentage as follows based on the TSR of the Corporation relative to the TSR of the other corporations in the Peer Group:
 


 
 
 
 
TSR
Ranking of
 
TSR
Percentile
 
Vesting
Corporation
 
Ranking
 
Percentage
1st
 
100%
 
200%
2nd
 
90.9%
 
182%
3rd
 
81.8%
 
164%
4th
 
72.7%
 
145%
5th
 
63.6%
 
127%
6th
 
54.5%
 
109%
7th
 
45.4%
 
91%
8th
 
36.3%
 
73%
9th
 
27.2%
 
54%
10th
 
18.1%
 
0%
11th
 
9%
 
0%
12th
 
0%
 
0%

(b) If, during the Performance Cycle, there is an announcement of a Corporate Event that results in one of the Peer Group members ceasing to be a Peer Group member as set forth in the above “Peer Group” definition, then the above table shall be adjusted by the Committee accordingly to preserve a reasonably similar payout stratification as the original scale, while accounting for the reduced number of Peer Group members.

(c) The Committee has sole and absolute authority and discretion to reduce the Vesting Percentage, including to zero, as it may deem appropriate (including, but not limited to, if the TSR calculated for the Performance Cycle is negative); provided, however, that if the Performance Units vest pursuant to Paragraph 8, the Committee shall not reduce the Vesting Percentage as calculated pursuant to Paragraph 3(a) and, if applicable, Paragraph 3(b).

4. Vesting of Performance Units. Unless the Participant's right to the Performance Units is previously forfeited or vested in accordance with Paragraphs 5, 6, 7 or 8, as applicable, the Committee shall determine the Vesting Percentage following the close of the Performance Cycle. Following the Committee's determination, the Participant shall vest in the Performance Units and be entitled to receive a payment of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (a) the number of Performance Units granted under this Award Agreement and (b) the Vesting Percentage, as determined by the Committee under Paragraph 3, issued in accordance with and subject to Paragraph 10. Such payment shall be made as soon as administratively feasible following the Committee's determination and, in any event, on or before March 15, 2023. If, in accordance with the Committee's determination under Paragraph 3, the Vesting Percentage is zero, the Participant shall immediately forfeit any and all rights to the Performance Units. Upon the vesting

3

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



and/or forfeiture of the Performance Units and settling the Performance Units (including, if applicable, a cash payment for Dividend Equivalents, as provided in Paragraph 9), if any, the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement shall be satisfied in full.

5. Termination of Employment Other than due to Death or Retirement. If the Participant's Employment is terminated prior to the close of the Performance Cycle for any reason other than death or Retirement, the Performance Units shall be forfeited, and the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement shall be terminated.
6. Vesting Upon Termination of Employment due to Death. If the Participant's Employment is terminated by reason of death prior to the close of the Performance Cycle, the Participant's right to receive the Performance Units shall vest in full as of the date of death, and the Vesting Percentage shall be 100%. A payment in shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (a) the number of Performance Units granted under this Award Agreement, and (b) the Vesting Percentage, as determined under this Paragraph 6, issued in accordance with and subject to Paragraph 10, shall be made to the Participant's designated beneficiary on file with the Plan’s third party stock plan administrator or, if none, to the Participant’s estate as soon as administratively feasible but no later than the first day of the third month following the death of the Participant. Such vesting and settling of the Performance Units (including, if applicable, a cash payment for Dividend Equivalents, as provided in Paragraph 9) shall satisfy the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement in full.
7. Vesting Upon Termination of Employment due to Retirement. In the event of the Retirement of the Participant upon or after completion of half of the Performance Cycle, the Committee shall determine the Vesting Percentage following the close of the Performance Cycle. In determining the Vesting Percentage that is applicable to the Participant, the Committee shall consider the contributions of the Participant to the Corporation during the Performance Period, including the Participant’s assistance with transition of his or her responsibilities prior to Retirement and whether the Participant provided appropriate notice or his or her intent to retire. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, in the event the Committee determines that the Participant has accepted or intends to accept employment with a competitor of any business unit of the Corporation, the Vesting Percentage shall be zero. Following the Committee's determination, the Participant shall vest in the Performance Units and be entitled to receive a payment in shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (a) the percentage equal to the days of Participant's Employment during the Performance Cycle divided by the total days in the Performance Cycle, (b) the number of Performance Units granted under this Award Agreement, and (c) the Vesting Percentage, as determined by the Committee under Paragraph 3, issued in accordance with and subject to Paragraph 10. Such payment shall be made as soon as administratively feasible following the Committee's determination and, in any event, on or before March 15, 2023. If, in accordance with the Committee's determination under Paragraph 3, the Vesting Percentage is zero, the Participant shall immediately forfeit any and all rights to the Performance Units. Upon the vesting and/or forfeiture of the Performance Units and the settlement of such Performance Units (including, if applicable, a cash payment for Dividend Equivalents, as provided in Paragraph 9), if any, the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement shall be satisfied in full. In the event of the Retirement of the Participant before completion of half of the Performance Cycle, the Performance Units shall be forfeited as of the date of his or her termination of employment, and

4

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement shall be terminated.
8. Vesting Upon a Change of Control. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, upon the occurrence of a Change in Control prior to the end of the Performance Cycle, the Participant shall vest in the Performance Units in full, unless the Performance Units were previously forfeited or vested in accordance with Paragraphs 5, 6, 7 or 8, as applicable. The Vesting Percentage shall be calculated as provided under Paragraph 3. A payment in shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (a) the number of Performance Units granted under this Award Agreement, and (b) the Vesting Percentage, as determined by the Committee under Paragraph 3, issued in accordance with and subject to Paragraph 10, shall be made on the first day of the third month following the Change in Control; provided, however that if such Change in Control fails to qualify as a “change in control event” within the meaning of Treas. Regs. section 1.409A-3(i)(5), then the payment will be made during the first week of January 2023. Such vesting and settling of the Performance Units (including, if applicable, a cash payment for Dividend Equivalents, as provided in Paragraph 9) shall satisfy the rights of the Participant and the obligations of the Corporation under this Award Agreement in full.
9. Dividend Equivalents. With respect to each of the Performance Units granted under Paragraph 1, the Participant shall be credited with Dividend Equivalents equal to the amount per share of Common Stock of any ordinary cash dividends declared by the Board with record dates during the period beginning on the first day of the Performance Cycle and ending on the earliest to occur of: (a) the last day of the Performance Cycle, (b) the effective date of a Change in Control, and (c) the date on which the Performance Units otherwise vest or are forfeited in accordance with Paragraphs 5, 6, 7 or 8. The Corporation shall pay in cash to the Participant an amount equal to (x) the sum of the aggregate amounts of such Dividend Equivalents credited to the Participant, if any, multiplied by (y) the Vesting Percentage that is applicable to the related Performance Units, with such amount to be paid within 30 days of when any payment with respect to the related Performance Units is made and, in any event, no later than the applicable deadline for payment of the related Performance Units as set forth herein. Any Dividend Equivalents shall be forfeited as and when the related Performance Units are forfeited in accordance with the terms of the Award Agreement.

10. Issuance of Shares. During the period of time between the Grant Date and the earlier of the date on which the Performance Units vest or are forfeited, the Performance Units will be evidenced by a credit to a bookkeeping account evidencing the unfunded and unsecured right of the Participant to receive shares of Common Stock, subject to the terms and conditions applicable to the Performance Units under the Plan and this Award Agreement. Upon the vesting of all or a portion of the Participant's Performance Units pursuant to this Award Agreement, a number of shares of Common Stock equal to the number of vested Performance Units shall be registered in the name of the Participant. No fractional shares will be issued and any rights to fractional shares of Common Stock will be forfeited without compensation for such fractional shares.


5

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



11. Repayment or Forfeiture Resulting from Forfeiture Event.

(a) If there is a Forfeiture Event either while the Participant is employed or within two years after termination of the Participant's Employment, then the Committee may, but is not obligated to, cause some or all of the Participant's outstanding Performance Units to be forfeited by the Participant.

(b) If there is a Forfeiture Event either while the Participant is employed or within two years after termination of the Participant's Employment and a payment has previously been made in settlement of Performance Units granted under this Award Agreement, the Committee may, but is not obligated to, require that the Participant pay to the Corporation an amount (the “Forfeiture Amount”) up to (but not in excess of) the amount paid in settlement of the Performance Units.

(c) This Paragraph 11 shall apply notwithstanding any provision of this Award Agreement to the contrary and is meant to provide the Corporation with rights in addition to any other remedy which may exist in law or in equity. This Paragraph 11 shall not apply to the Participant following the effective time of a Change in Control.

12. Taxes. In all cases the Participant will be responsible to pay all required withholding taxes associated with the Performance Units. Pursuant to Section 10 of the Plan, the Corporation or its designated representative (which may be a Subsidiary) shall have the right to withhold applicable taxes from the cash and Common Stock otherwise payable to the Participant, or from other compensation payable to the Participant, at the time of the vesting and delivery of such cash and Common Stock payment or such other time as may be required under applicable law, to sell or permit the sale of shares of Common Stock to pay such applicable taxes, or to take such other action as may be necessary in the opinion of the Corporation to satisfy all obligations for withholding.

13. No Stockholder Rights. The Participant shall in no way be entitled to any of the rights of a stockholder of the Corporation as a result of this Award Agreement. Specifically, the Performance Units do not have voting rights.

14. Nonassignability. Upon the Participant's death, the Performance Units shall be paid out as provided in Paragraph 6 of this Award Agreement. Otherwise, the Participant may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise encumber any portion of the Performance Units, and any attempt to sell, transfer, assign, pledge, or encumber any portion of the Performance Units shall have no effect.

15. No Employment Guaranteed. Nothing in this Award Agreement shall give the Participant any rights to (or impose any obligations for) continued Employment by the Corporation or any Subsidiary or successor thereto, nor shall it give such entities any rights (or impose any obligations) with respect to continued performance of duties by the Participant.


6

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



16. Modification of Agreement. Any modification of this Award Agreement shall be binding only if evidenced in writing and signed by an authorized representative of the Corporation, provided that no modification may, without the consent of the Participant, adversely affect the rights of the Participant under this Award Agreement. Without the consent of the Participant, this Award Agreement may be amended or supplemented (i) to cure any ambiguity or to correct or supplement any provision herein which may be defective or inconsistent with any other provision herein, or (ii) to add to the covenants and agreements of the Corporation for the benefit of the Participant or to add to the rights of the Participant or to surrender any right or power reserved to or conferred upon the Corporation in this Award Agreement; provided, in each case, that such changes or corrections shall not adversely affect the rights of the Participant under this Award Agreement without the Participant’s consent, or (iii) to make such other changes as the Corporation, upon advice of counsel, determines are necessary or advisable because of the adoption or promulgation of, or change in or of the interpretation of, any law or governmental rule or regulation, including any applicable federal or state securities or tax laws.
17. Data Privacy. By accepting the Performance Units subject to the terms of this Award Agreement, the Participant hereby explicitly and unambiguously consents to the collection, use and transfer, in electronic or other form, of the Participant’s personal data, including but not limited to items of data described in this Paragraph 17, by and among Marathon Oil Corporation and its Subsidiaries and affiliates, including the Participant’s employer, (collectively referred to as “Marathon Oil” in this Paragraph 17) for the exclusive purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Participant’s participation in the Plan. The Participant understands and acknowledges that Marathon Oil holds certain personal data about the Participant, including, but not limited to, the Participant’s name, home address and telephone number, date of birth, social insurance number or other identification number, salary, nationality, job title, any shares of stock or directorships held in Marathon Oil, details of all grants or any other entitlement to salary and other cash payments, and shares of stock or units awarded, canceled, forfeited, exercised, vested, unvested or outstanding in the Participant’s favor, for the purpose of implementing, administering and managing the Plan (which information is collectively referred to as “Data” for purposes of this Paragraph 17). The Participant understands and agrees that Data may be transferred to one or more third parties assisting Marathon Oil in the implementation, administration and management of the Plan, that these recipients may be located in the Participant’s country of citizenship, country of residence or elsewhere, and that the recipient’s country may have different data privacy laws and protections than the Participant’s country of citizenship or country of residence. The Participant understands that he or she may request a list with the names and addresses of any recipients of the Data by contacting his or her local human resources representative. The Participant, by acceptance of the Performance Units subject to the terms of this Award Agreement, authorizes the recipients to receive, possess, use, retain and transfer the Data, in electronic or other form, for the purposes of implementing, administering and managing the Participant’s participation in the Plan, including any requisite transfer of such Data as may be required to a broker or other third party with whom the Participant may elect to deposit shares or cash following the lapse of applicable restrictions, and reporting to applicable tax and other legal authorities. The Participant understands that he or she may, at any time, view the Data, request additional information about the storage and processing of the Data, require any necessary amendments to the Data to correct inaccuracy, or refuse or withdraw the consent provided herein, without

7

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



cost, by contacting the Participant's local human resources representative in writing. The Participant understands that refusing or withdrawing the Participant’s consent may affect the Participant’s ability to participate in the Plan, and the Participant may obtain additional information about the consequences of refusing to consent or withdrawing consent by contacting his or her local human resources representative.



Marathon Oil Corporation


__________________________
Reginald D. Hedgebeth
Executive Vice President, General Counsel, Secretary and Chief Administrative Officer


8

2019 Plan – Section 16 Officer PSU with 3-year cliff vesting (2020 grant)



Subsidiaries of Marathon Oil
Exhibit 21.1
The names of certain subsidiaries have been omitted since, considered in the aggregate as a single subsidiary, they would not constitute a significant subsidiary, as of the end of the year covered by this report, as defined under the Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X 210.1-02(w).
Company Name
Country
Country Region
Alba Associates LLC
Cayman Islands
 
Alba Equatorial Guinea Partnership, L.P.
United States
Delaware
Alba Plant LLC
Cayman Islands
 
AMPCO Marketing, L.L.C.
United States
Michigan
AMPCO Services, L.L.C.
United States
Michigan
Atlantic Methanol Associates LLC
Cayman Islands
 
Atlantic Methanol Production Company LLC
Cayman Islands
 
E.G. Global LNG Services, Ltd.
United States
Delaware
Equatorial Guinea LNG Company, S.A.
Equatorial Guinea
 
Equatorial Guinea LNG Holdings Limited
Bahamas
 
Equatorial Guinea LNG Operations, S.A.
Equatorial Guinea
 
Equatorial Guinea LNG Train 1, S.A.
Equatorial Guinea
 
Marathon E.G. Alba Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon E.G. Holding Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon E.G. International Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon E.G. LNG Holding Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon E.G. LPG Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon E.G. Production Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon Eagle Ford Midstream LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon East Texas Holdings LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon International Investment LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon International Oil Angola Block 31 Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon International Oil Company
United States
Delaware
Marathon International Oil Holdings LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon Oil (East Texas) L.P.
United States
Texas
Marathon Oil (West Texas) L.P.
United States
Texas
Marathon Oil Company
United States
Ohio
Marathon Oil Corporation
United States
Delaware
Marathon Oil Dutch Holdings B.V.
Netherlands
 
Marathon Oil EF II LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon Oil EF LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon Oil Holdings Limited
Cayman Islands
 
Marathon Oil Investment LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon Oil KDV B.V.
Netherlands
 
Marathon Oil Permian LLC
United States
Delaware
Marathon West Texas Holdings LLC
United States
Delaware
Pennaco Energy, Inc.
United States
Delaware



Exhibit 23.1

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements listed below of Marathon Oil Corporation of our report dated February 20, 2020 relating to the financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting of Marathon Oil Corporation, which appears in this Form 10-K.

Form S-3ASR:
Relating to:
 

Reg. No

333-235867

Marathon Oil Corporation Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Contracts/Units
 
 
 
Form S-8:
Relating to:
 
 
 
 
Reg. No.
333-104910
Marathon Oil Corporation 2003 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-143010
Marathon Oil Corporation 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-181301
Marathon Oil Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-211611
Marathon Oil Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-231833
Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
 
 



/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas     
February 20, 2020


Exhibit 23.2


CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements listed below of Marathon Oil Corporation of our report dated February 20, 2020 relating to the financial statements of Alba Plant LLC, which appears as an exhibit in this Form 10-K.

Form S-3ASR:
Relating to:
 

Reg. No

333-235867

Marathon Oil Corporation Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Contracts/Units
 
 
 
Form S-8:
Relating to:
 
 
 
 
Reg. No.
333-104910
Marathon Oil Corporation 2003 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-143010
Marathon Oil Corporation 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-181301
Marathon Oil Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-211611
Marathon Oil Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
333-231833
Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
 
 



/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas     
February 20, 2020




RSCONSENT.JPG


EXHIBIT 23.3




CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS

We hereby consent to the references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Marathon Oil Corporation ("the Company"), to our summary reports on audits of the estimated quantities of certain proved reserves of oil and gas, net to the Company's interest, and to such reports and this consent being filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K. We also consent to the incorporation by reference of such reports in the Registration Statements indicated below.

Form S-3ASR:
 
Relating to:
 
 
 
 
 
Reg. No.
 
333-235867
 
Marathon Oil Corporation Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Contracts/Units

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Form S-8:
 
Relating to:
 
 
 
 
 
Reg. No.
 
333-104910
 
Marathon Oil Corporation 2003 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
 
333-143010
 
Marathon Oil Corporation 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
 
333-181301
 
Marathon Oil Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan
 
 
333-211611
 
Marathon Oil Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan

 
 
333-231833
 
Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan




/s/ RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Registration No. F-1580





Houston, Texas
February 18, 2020

SUITE 800, 350 7TH AVENUE, S.W.    CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 3N9    TEL (403) 262-2799    FAX (403) 262-2790
633 17TH STREET, SUITE 1700    DENVER, COLORADO 80202    TEL (303) 399-8110    

NSAIMARATHON10KCONSEN_IMAGE1.GIF



Exhibit 23.4








CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PETROLEUM ENGINEERS AND GEOLOGISTS


We hereby consent to the references in this Annual Report on Form 10-K of Marathon Oil Corporation ("the Company") to our summary reports on the estimated quantities of certain proved reserves of oil and gas and to such reports and this consent being filed as exhibits to this Form 10-K. We also consent to the incorporation by reference of such reports in the Registration Statements indicated below.

Form S-3ASR:
Relating to:
 
Reg. No.
333-235867
Marathon Oil Corporation Debt Securities, Common Stock, Preferred Stock, Warrants and Stock Purchase Contracts/Units
Form S-8:
Relating to:
 
Reg. No.
333-104910
Marathon Oil Corporation 2003 Incentive Compensation Plan
Reg. No.
333-143010
Marathon Oil Corporation 2007 Incentive Compensation Plan
Reg. No.
333-181301
Marathon Oil Corporation 2012 Incentive Compensation Plan
Reg. No.
333-211611
Marathon Oil Corporation 2016 Incentive Compensation Plan
Reg. No.
333-231833
Marathon Oil Corporation 2019 Incentive Compensation Plan


NETHERLAND, SEWELL & ASSOCIATES, INC.

/s/ Danny D. Simmons
By:
Danny D. Simmons, P.E.
President and Chief Operating Officer


Houston, Texas February 18, 2020



Please be advised that the digital document you are viewing is provided by Netherland, Sewell & Associates, Inc. (NSAI) as a convenience to our clients. The digital document is intended to be substantively the same as the original signed document maintained by NSAI. The digital document is subject to the parameters, limitations, and conditions stated in the original document. In the event of any differences between the digital document and the original document, the original document shall control and supersede the digital document.

Exhibit 31.1 



MARATHON OIL CORPORATION 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

I, Lee M. Tillman, certify that: 

1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Marathon Oil Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
February 20, 2020
 
/s/ Lee M. Tillman
 
 
 
Lee M. Tillman
 
 
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer



Exhibit 31.2 



MARATHON OIL CORPORATION 

CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO SECTION 302 OF
THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002 

I, Dane E. Whitehead, certify that:

1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Marathon Oil Corporation;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
(a)
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant’s other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
(a)
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:
February 20, 2020
 
/s/ Dane E. Whitehead
 
 
 
Dane E. Whitehead
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer



Exhibit 32.1




CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002


In connection with the Annual Report of Marathon Oil Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Lee M. Tillman, Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
February 20, 2020
/s/ Lee M. Tillman
 
Lee M. Tillman
 
Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 



Exhibit 32.2




CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

    
In connection with the Annual Report of Marathon Oil Corporation (the “Company”) on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2019 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, Dane E. Whitehead, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. §1350, as adopted pursuant to §906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to the best of my knowledge:

(1)
The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
February 20, 2020
/s/ Dane E. Whitehead
 
Dane E. Whitehead
 
Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 



Exhibit 99.1





MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
OKLAHOMA RESOURCE BASIN


Estimated
Future Reserves
Attributable to Certain
Leasehold Interests



SEC Parameters
As of
December 31, 2018

/s/ Scott J. Wilson
Scott J. Wilson, P.E., M.B.A.
Colorado License No. 36112
Senior Vice President


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580

[SEAL]



RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS




MRO2019MIDCONTINENTAR_IMAGE4.GIF
MRO2019MIDCONTINENTAR_IMAGE5.JPG TBPE REGISTERED ENGINEERING FIRM F-1580    FAX (303) 623-4258
621 SEVENTEENTH STREET SUITE 1550    DENVER, COLORADO 80293    TELEPHONE (303) 623-9147


May 29, 2019
Marathon Oil Corporation 5555 San Felipe
P.O. Box 3128
Houston, Texas 77253-3128

Ladies and Gentlemen:

At the request of Marathon Oil Corporation (Marathon), Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (Ryder Scott) has conducted a reserves audit of the estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 prepared by Marathon’s engineering and geological staff based on the definitions and disclosure guidelines of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contained in Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register (SEC regulations). Our reserves audit, completed on May 15, 2019 and presented herein, was prepared for public disclosure by Marathon in filings made with the SEC in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations. The estimated reserves shown herein represent Marathon’s estimated net reserves attributable to the leasehold interests in certain properties owned by Marathon and reviewed by Ryder Scott, as of December 31, 2018. The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott incorporate Marathon’s reserves determinations and are located in the state of Oklahoma.

The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott account for a portion of Marathon’s total net proved reserves as of December 31, 2018. The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott and included in this letter were limited to Marathon’s Oklahoma Resource Basin assets as specified by Marathon.

As prescribed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers in Paragraph 2.2(f) of the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information (SPE auditing standards), a reserves audit is defined as “the process of reviewing certain of the pertinent facts interpreted and assumptions made that have resulted in an estimate of reserves and/or Reserves Information prepared by others and the rendering of an opinion about (1) the appropriateness of the methodologies employed;
(2) the adequacy and quality of the data relied upon; (3) the depth and thoroughness of the reserves estimation process; (4) the classification of reserves appropriate to the relevant definitions used; and (5) the reasonableness of the estimated reserves quantities and/or Reserves Information.” Reserves Information may consist of various estimates pertaining to the extent and value of petroleum properties.

Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Marathon, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by Marathon in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Marathon are, in the aggregate, reasonable within the established audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the SPE auditing standards.



1100 LOUISIANA, SUITE 4600
HOUSTON, TEXAS 77002-5294
TEL (713) 651-9191
FAX (713) 651-0849
SUITE 800, 350 7TH AVENUE, S.W.
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 3N9
TEL (403) 262-2799
FAX (403) 262-2790





The estimated reserves presented in this report are related to hydrocarbon prices. Marathon has informed us that in the preparation of their reserves projections, as of December 31, 2018, they used average prices during the 12-month period prior to the “as of date” of this report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements, as required by the SEC regulations. Actual future prices may vary considerably from the prices required by SEC regulations. The recoverable reserves volumes and the income attributable thereto have a direct relationship to the hydrocarbon prices actually received; therefore, volumes of reserves actually recovered may differ significantly from the estimated quantities presented in this report. The net reserves as estimated by Marathon attributable to Marathon's interest in properties that we reviewed are summarized below:


SEC PARAMETERS
Estimated Net Reserves
Certain Leasehold Interests – Oklahoma Resource Basin Assets of
Marathon Oil Corporation
    As of December 31, 2018    

 
 
 
Proved
 
 
Developed
 
 
 
Total
    Producing
 
    Undeveloped
 
    Proved
Audited by Ryder Scott
 
 
 
 
 
Net Remaining Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
Oil/Condensate – MBarrels
25,406

 
37,050

 
62,456

Plant Products – MBarrels
44,799

 
45,228

 
90,027

Gas – MMCF
416,173

 
373,043

 
789,216



Liquid hydrocarbons are expressed in standard 42 gallon barrels and shown herein as thousands of barrels (MBarrels). All gas volumes are reported on an “as sold basis” expressed in millions of cubic feet (MMCF) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the area in which the gas reserves are located.


Reserves Included in This Report

In our opinion, the proved reserves presented in this report conform to the definition as set forth in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). An abridged version of the SEC reserves definitions from 210.4-10(a) entitled “Petroleum Reserves Definitions” is included as an attachment to this report.

The various proved reserves status categories are defined under the attachment entitled “Petroleum Reserves Status Definitions and Guidelines” in this report.

Reserves are “estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations.” All reserves estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. At Marathon’s request, this report addresses only the proved reserves attributable to the properties reviewed herein.

Proved oil and gas reserves are “those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward.” The proved reserves included herein were estimated using deterministic methods. The SEC has defined reasonable certainty for proved reserves, when based on deterministic methods, as a “high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.”

Proved reserves estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change. For proved reserves, the SEC states that “as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.” Moreover, estimates of proved reserves may be revised as a result of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks. Therefore, the proved reserves included in this report are estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities, and if recovered, could be more or less than the estimated amounts.


Audit Data, Methodology, Procedure and Assumptions

The estimation of reserves involves two distinct determinations. The first determination results in the estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas and the second determination results in the estimation of the uncertainty associated with those estimated quantities in accordance with the definitions set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). The process of estimating the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves relies on the use of certain generally accepted analytical procedures. These analytical procedures fall into three broad categories or methods:
(1)performance-based methods; (2) volumetric-based methods; and (3) analogy. These methods may be used individually or in combination by the reserves evaluator in the process of estimating the quantities of reserves. Reserves evaluators must select the method or combination of methods which in their professional judgment is most appropriate given the nature and amount of reliable geoscience and engineering data available at the time of the estimate, the established or anticipated performance characteristics of the reservoir being evaluated and the stage of development or producing maturity of the property.

In many cases, the analysis of the available geoscience and engineering data and the subsequent interpretation of this data may indicate a range of possible outcomes in an estimate, irrespective of the method selected by the evaluator. When a range in the quantity of reserves is identified, the evaluator must determine the uncertainty associated with the incremental quantities of the reserves. If the reserves quantities are estimated using the deterministic incremental approach, the uncertainty for each discrete incremental quantity of the reserves is addressed by the reserves category assigned by the evaluator. Therefore, it is the categorization of reserves quantities as proved, probable and/or possible that addresses the inherent uncertainty in the estimated quantities reported. For proved reserves, uncertainty is defined by the SEC as reasonable certainty wherein the “quantities actually recovered are much more likely than not to be achieved.” The SEC states that “probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.” The SEC states that “possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves and the total quantities ultimately recovered


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves.” All quantities of reserves within the same reserves category must meet the SEC definitions as noted above.

Estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserves categories may be revised in the future as additional geoscience or engineering data become available. Furthermore, estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserves categories may also be revised due to other factors such as changes in economic conditions, results of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks as previously noted herein.

The proved reserves, prepared by Marathon, for the properties that we reviewed were estimated by performance methods, analogy, or a combination of methods. Approximately 100 percent of the proved producing reserves attributable to producing wells and/or reservoirs that we reviewed were estimated by performance methods. These performance methods include, but may not be limited to, decline curve analysis which utilize extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through July 2018, in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive. The data utilized in this analysis were furnished to Ryder Scott by Marathon and were considered sufficient for the purpose thereof.

All of the proved undeveloped reserves that we reviewed were estimated by analogy.

To estimate economically recoverable proved oil and gas reserves, many factors and assumptions are considered including, but not limited to, the use of reservoir parameters derived from geological, geophysical and engineering data which cannot be measured directly, economic criteria based on current costs and SEC pricing requirements, and forecasts of future production rates. Under the SEC regulations 210.4-10(a)(22)(v) and (26), proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. While it may reasonably be anticipated that the future prices received for the sale of production and the operating costs and other costs relating to such production may increase or decrease from those under existing economic conditions, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in conducting this review.

As stated previously, proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. To confirm that the proved reserves reviewed by us meet the SEC requirements to be economically producible, we have reviewed certain primary economic data utilized by Marathon relating to hydrocarbon prices and costs as noted herein.

The hydrocarbon prices furnished by Marathon for the properties reviewed by us are based on SEC price parameters using the average prices during the 12-month period prior to the “as of date” of this report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of- the-month for each month within such period

The initial SEC hydrocarbon prices in effect on December 31, 2018 for the properties reviewed by us were determined using the 12-month average first-day-of-the-month benchmark prices appropriate to the geographic area where the hydrocarbons are sold. These benchmark prices are prior to the adjustments for differentials as described herein. The table below summarizes the “benchmark prices” and “price reference” used by Marathon for the geographic area reviewed by us.

The product prices which were actually used by Marathon to determine the future gross revenue for each property reviewed by us reflect adjustments to the benchmark prices for gravity, quality, local


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






conditions, and/or distance from market, referred to herein as “differentials.” The differentials used by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon.

The table below summarizes Marathon’s net volume weighted benchmark prices adjusted for differentials for the properties reviewed by us and referred to herein as Marathon’s “average realized prices.” The average realized prices shown in the table below were determined from Marathon’s estimate of the total future gross revenue before production taxes for the properties reviewed by us and Marathon’s estimate of the total net reserves for the properties reviewed by us for the geographic area. The data shown in the table below is presented in accordance with SEC disclosure requirements for the geographic area reviewed by us.


Geographic Area
Product
Price Reference
Average Benchmark Prices
Average Realized Prices
North America
 
 
 
 


United States
Oil/Condensate
WTI Cushing
$65.56/Bbl
$64.77/Bbl
NGLs
Mt. Belvieu
$26.63/Bbl
$25.16/Bbl
Gas
Henry Hub
$3.10/MMBTU
$2.31/MCF


The effects of derivative instruments designated as price hedges of oil and gas quantities are not reflected in Marathon’s individual property evaluations.

Accumulated gas production imbalances, if any, were not taken into account in the proved gas reserves estimates reviewed. The proved gas volumes presented herein do not include volumes of gas consumed in operations as reserves.

Operating costs furnished by Marathon are based on the operating expense reports of Marathon and include only those costs directly applicable to the leases or wells for the properties reviewed by us. The operating costs include a portion of general and administrative costs allocated directly to the leases and wells. Additional gathering and transportation fees were included in the operating costs. The operating costs furnished by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon. No deduction was made for loan repayments, interest expenses, or exploration and development prepayments that were not charged directly to the leases or wells.

Development costs furnished by Marathon are based on authorizations for expenditure for the proposed work or actual costs for similar projects. The development costs furnished by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon. The estimated net cost of abandonment after salvage was included by Marathon for properties where abandonment costs net of salvage were significant. Marathon’s estimates of the net abandonment costs were accepted without independent verification. Ryder Scott has not performed a detailed study of the abandonment costs or the salvage value and makes no warranty for Marathon’s estimate.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






The proved undeveloped reserves for the properties reviewed by us have been incorporated herein in accordance with Marathon’s plans to develop these reserves as of December 31, 2018. The implementation of Marathon’s development plans as presented to us is subject to the approval process adopted by Marathon’s management. As the result of our inquiries during the course of our review, Marathon has informed us that the development activities for the properties reviewed by us have been subjected to and received the internal approvals required by Marathon’s management at the appropriate local, regional and/or corporate level. In addition to the internal approvals as noted, certain development activities may still be subject to specific partner AFE processes, Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) requirements or other administrative approvals external to Marathon. Marathon has provided written documentation supporting their commitment to proceed with the development activities as presented to us. Additionally, Marathon has informed us that they are not aware of any legal, regulatory, or political obstacles that would significantly alter their plans. While these plans could change from those under existing economic conditions as of December 31, 2018, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in making this evaluation.

Current costs used by Marathon were held constant throughout the life of the properties.

Marathon’s forecasts of future production rates are based on historical performance from wells currently on production. If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to produce was anticipated. An estimated rate of decline was then applied to depletion of the reserves. If a decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production rates.

Test data and other related information were used by Marathon to estimate the anticipated initial production rates for locations that are not currently producing. For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence at an anticipated date furnished by Marathon. Locations that are not currently producing may start producing earlier or later than anticipated in Marathon’s estimates due to unforeseen factors causing a change in the timing to initiate production. Such factors may include delays due to weather, the availability of rigs, the sequence of drilling, completing and/or recompleting wells and/or constraints set by regulatory bodies.

The future production rates from wells currently on production or locations that are not currently producing may be more or less than estimated because of changes including, but not limited to, reservoir performance, operating conditions related to surface facilities, compression and artificial lift, pipeline capacity and/or operating conditions, producing market demand and/or allowables or other constraints set by regulatory bodies.

Marathon’s operations may be subject to various levels of governmental controls and regulations. These controls and regulations may include, but may not be limited to, matters relating to land tenure and leasing, the legal rights to produce hydrocarbons, drilling and production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties, various taxes and levies including income tax and are subject to change from time to time. Such changes in governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes of proved reserves actually recovered and amounts of proved income actually received to differ significantly from the estimated quantities.

The estimates of proved reserves presented herein were based upon a review of the properties in which Marathon owns an interest; however, we have not made any field examination of the properties. No consideration was given in this report to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were any costs included by Marathon for potential liabilities to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past operating practices.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






Certain technical personnel of Marathon are responsible for the preparation of reserves estimates on new properties and for the preparation of revised estimates, when necessary, on old properties. These personnel assembled the necessary data and maintained the data and workpapers in an orderly manner. We consulted with these technical personnel and had access to their workpapers and supporting data in the course of our audit.

Marathon has informed us that they have furnished us all of the material accounts, records, geological and engineering data, and reports and other data required for this investigation. In performing our audit of Marathon’s forecast of future proved production, we have relied upon data furnished by Marathon with respect to property interests owned, production from examined wells, normal direct costs of operating the wells or leases, other costs such as transportation and/or processing fees, ad valorem and production taxes, recompletion and development costs, development plans, abandonment costs after salvage, product prices based on the SEC regulations, adjustments or differentials to product prices. Ryder Scott reviewed such factual data for its reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data furnished by Marathon. We consider the factual data furnished to us by Marathon to be appropriate and sufficient for the purpose of our review of Marathon’s estimates of reserves. In summary, we consider the assumptions, data, methods and analytical procedures used by Marathon and as reviewed by us appropriate for the purpose hereof, and we have used all such methods and procedures that we consider necessary and appropriate under the circumstances to render the conclusions set forth herein.


Audit Opinion

Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Marathon, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by Marathon in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Marathon are, in the aggregate, reasonable within the established audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the SPE auditing standards. Ryder Scott found the processes and controls used by Marathon in their estimation of proved reserves to be effective and, in the aggregate, we found no bias in the utilization and analysis of data in estimates for these properties.

We were in reasonable agreement with Marathon's estimates of proved reserves for the properties which we reviewed; although in certain cases there was more than an acceptable variance between Marathon's estimates and our estimates due to a difference in interpretation of data or due to our having access to data which were not available to Marathon when its reserves estimates were prepared. However notwithstanding, it is our opinion that on an aggregate basis the data presented herein for the properties that we reviewed fairly reflects the estimated net reserves owned by Marathon.


Standards of Independence and Professional Qualification

Ryder Scott is an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm that has been providing petroleum consulting services throughout the world since 1937. Ryder Scott is employee-owned and maintains offices in Houston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We have approximately eighty engineers and geoscientists on our permanent staff. By virtue of the size of our firm and the large number of clients for which we provide services, no single client or job represents a material portion of our annual revenue. We do not serve as officers or directors of any privately-owned or publicly-traded oil and gas company and are separate and independent from the operating and


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






investment decision-making process of our clients.    This allows us to bring the highest level of independence and objectivity to each engagement for our services.

Ryder Scott actively participates in industry-related professional societies and organizes an annual public forum focused on the subject of reserves evaluations and SEC regulations. Many of our staff have authored or co-authored technical papers on the subject of reserves related topics. We encourage our staff to maintain and enhance their professional skills by actively participating in ongoing continuing education.

Prior to becoming an officer of the Company, Ryder Scott requires that staff engineers and geoscientists have received professional accreditation in the form of a registered or certified professional engineer’s license or a registered or certified professional geoscientist’s license, or the equivalent thereof, from an appropriate governmental authority or a recognized self-regulating professional organization. Regulating agencies require that, in order to maintain active status, a certain amount of continuing education hours be completed annually, including an hour of ethics training. Ryder Scott fully supports this technical and ethics training with our internal requirement mentioned above.

We are independent petroleum engineers with respect to Marathon. Neither we nor any of our employees have any financial interest in the subject properties, and neither the employment to do this work nor the compensation is contingent on our estimates of reserves for the properties which were reviewed.

The results of this audit, presented herein, are based on technical analysis conducted by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott. The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing, reviewing and approving the review of the reserves information discussed in this report, are included as an attachment to this letter.


Terms of Usage

The results of our third party audit, presented in report form herein, were prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations and intended for public disclosure as an exhibit in filings made with the SEC by Marathon.

Marathon makes periodic filings on Form 10-K with the SEC under the 1934 Exchange Act. Furthermore, Marathon has certain registration statements filed with the SEC under the 1933 Securities Act into which any subsequently filed Form 10-K is incorporated by reference. We have consented to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements on Form S-3 and Form S-8 of Marathon, of the references to our name, as well as to the references to our third party report for Marathon, which appears in the December 31, 2018 annual report on Form 10-K of Marathon. Our written consent for such use is included as a separate exhibit to the filings made with the SEC by Marathon.

We have provided Marathon with a digital version of the original signed copy of this report letter. In the event there are any differences between the digital version included in filings made by Marathon and the original signed report letter, the original signed report letter shall control and supersede the digital version.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






The data and work papers used in the preparation of this report are available for examination by authorized parties in our offices. Please contact us if we can be of further service.


Very truly yours,

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580

/s/ Scott J. Wilson


Scott J. Wilson, P.E., MBA
Colorado License No. 36112
Senior Vice President        
[SEAL]







SJW (FWZ)/pl




RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS








Professional Qualifications of Primary Technical Person

The conclusions presented in this report are the result of technical analysis conducted by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott Company, L.P. Mr. Scott James Wilson was the primary technical person responsible for the estimate of the reserves, future production, and income presented herein.

Mr. Wilson, an employee of Ryder Scott Company L.P. (Ryder Scott) since 2000, is a Senior Vice President responsible for coordinating and supervising staff and consulting engineers of the company in ongoing reservoir evaluation studies worldwide. Before joining Ryder Scott, Mr. Wilson served in a number of engineering positions with Atlantic Richfield Company. For more information regarding Mr. Wilson's geographic and job specific experience, please refer to the Ryder Scott Company website at https://www.ryderscott.com/company/employees/denver-employees.

Mr. Wilson earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering from the Colorado School of Mines in 1983 and an MBA in Finance from the University of Colorado in 1985, graduating from both with High Honors. He is a registered Professional Engineer by exam in the States of Alaska, Colorado, Texas, and Wyoming. He is also an active member of the Society of Petroleum Engineers; serving as co- Chairman of the SPE Reserves and Economics Technology Interest Group, and Gas Technology Editor for SPE's Journal of Petroleum Technology. He is a member and past chairman of the Denver section of the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers. Mr. Wilson has published several technical papers, one chapter in Marine and Petroleum Geology and two in SPEE monograph 4, which was published in 2016. He is the primary inventor on four US patents and won the 2017 Reservoir Description and Dynamics award for the SPE Rocky Mountain Region.

In addition to gaining experience and competency through prior work experience, several state Boards of Professional Engineers require a minimum number of hours of continuing education annually, including at least one hour in the area of professional ethics, which Mr. Wilson fulfills as part of his registration in four states. As part of his continuing education, Mr. Wilson attends internally presented training as well as public forums relating to the definitions and disclosure guidelines contained in the United States Securities and Exchange Commission Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, and Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register. Mr. Wilson attends additional hours of formalized external training covering such topics as the SPE/WPC/AAPG/SPEE Petroleum Resources Management System, reservoir engineering and petroleum economics evaluation methods, procedures and software and ethics for consultants.

Based on his educational background, professional training and more than 30 years of practical experience in the estimation and evaluation of petroleum reserves, Mr. Wilson has attained the professional qualifications as a Reserves Estimator and Reserves Auditor set forth in Article III of the “Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information” promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers as of February 19, 2007.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS




PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS

As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)


PREAMBLE

On January 14, 2009, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published the “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” in the Federal Register of National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” includes revisions and additions to the definition section in Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X, revisions and additions to the oil and gas reporting requirements in Regulation S-K, and amends and codifies Industry Guide 2 in Regulation S-K. The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”, including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, shall be referred to herein collectively as the “SEC regulations”. The SEC regulations take effect for all filings made with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010. Reference should be made to the full text under Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) for the complete definitions (direct passages excerpted in part or wholly from the aforementioned SEC document are denoted in italics herein).

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. All reserve estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. Under the SEC regulations as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010, a company may optionally disclose estimated quantities of probable or possible oil and gas reserves in documents publicly filed with the SEC. The SEC regulations continue to prohibit disclosure of estimates of oil and gas resources other than reserves and any estimated values of such resources in any document publicly filed with the SEC unless such information is required to be disclosed in the document by foreign or state law as noted in §229.1202 Instruction to Item 1202.

Reserves estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change.

Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or improved recovery methods. Improved recovery methods include all methods for supplementing natural energy or altering natural forces in the reservoir to increase ultimate recovery. Examples of such methods are pressure maintenance, natural gas cycling, waterflooding, thermal methods, chemical flooding, and the use of miscible and immiscible displacement fluids. Other improved recovery methods may be developed in the future as petroleum technology continues to evolve.

Reserves may be attributed to either conventional or unconventional petroleum accumulations. Petroleum accumulations are considered as either conventional or unconventional based on the nature of their in-place characteristics, extraction method applied, or degree of processing prior to sale.


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Examples of unconventional petroleum accumulations include coalbed or coalseam methane (CBM/CSM), basin-centered gas, shale gas, gas hydrates, natural bitumen and oil shale deposits. These unconventional accumulations may require specialized extraction technology and/or significant processing prior to sale.

Reserves do not include quantities of petroleum being held in inventory.

Because of the differences in uncertainty, caution should be exercised when aggregating quantities of petroleum from different reserves categories.


RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(26) defines reserves as follows:

Reserves. Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

Note to paragraph (a)(26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).


PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(22) defines proved oil and gas reserves as follows:

Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

(i)
The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:

(A)
The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and

(B)    Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






(ii)    In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii)    Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv)    Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:
(A)    Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and

(B)    The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v)    Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS




PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES

As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)

and

2018 PETROLEUM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPE-PRMS)
Sponsored and Approved by: SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE)
WORLD PETROLEUM COUNCIL (WPC)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG) SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM EVALUATION ENGINEERS (SPEE) SOCIETY OF EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS (SEG)
SOCIETY OF PETROPHYSICISTS AND WELL LOG ANALYSTS (SPWLA) EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS (EAGE)


Reserves status categories define the development and producing status of wells and reservoirs. Reference should be made to Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4- 10(a) and the SPE-PRMS as the following reserves status definitions are based on excerpts from the original documents (direct passages excerpted from the aforementioned SEC and SPE-PRMS documents are denoted in italics herein).


DEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(6) defines developed oil and gas reserves as follows:

Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

(i)Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and

(ii)Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

Developed Producing (SPE-PRMS Definitions)

While not a requirement for disclosure under the SEC regulations, developed oil and gas reserves may be further sub-classified according to the guidance contained in the SPE-PRMS as Producing or Non-Producing.

Developed Producing Reserves
Developed Producing Reserves are expected quantities to be recovered from completion intervals that are open and producing at the effective date of the estimate.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS




PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES
Page 2


Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the improved recovery project is in operation.

Developed Non-Producing
Developed Non-Producing Reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe Reserves.

Shut-In
Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from:
(1)
completion intervals that are open at the time of the estimate but which have not yet started producing;
(2)
wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections; or
(3)
wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons.

Behind-Pipe
Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells that will require additional completion work or future re-completion before start of production with minor cost to access these reserves.

In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low expenditure compared to the cost of drilling a new well.


UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(31) defines undeveloped oil and gas reserves as follows:

Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

(i)
Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.

(ii)    Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

(iii)    Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

Exhibit 99.2

MARATHON OIL CORPORATION
EAGLE FORD

Estimated
Future Reserves
Attributable to Certain
Leasehold Interests



SEC Parameters
As of
December 31, 2018


/s/ Daniel R. Olds
 
/s/ Syed R. Rizvi
Daniel R. Olds, P.E.
 
Syed R. Rizvi

TBE License No.60996
 
Senior Petroleum Engineer
Managing Senior Vice President

 
 
 
 
 



RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580
[SEAL]

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS




MRO2019MIDCONTINENTAR_IMAGE4.GIF
MRO2019MIDCONTINENTAR_IMAGE5.JPG TBPE REGISTERED ENGINEERING FIRM F-1580    FAX (303) 623-4258
621 SEVENTEENTH STREET SUITE 1550    DENVER, COLORADO 80293    TELEPHONE (303) 623-9147




May 29, 2019

Marathon Oil Corporation 5555 San Felipe
P.O. Box 3128
Houston, Texas 77253-3128

Ladies and Gentlemen:

At the request of Marathon Oil Corporation (Marathon), Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (Ryder Scott) has conducted a reserves audit of the estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 prepared by Marathon’s engineering and geological staff based on the definitions and disclosure guidelines of the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) contained in Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting, Final Rule released January 14, 2009 in the Federal Register (SEC regulations). Our reserves audit, completed on May 17, 2019 and presented herein, was prepared for public disclosure by Marathon in filings made with the SEC in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations. The estimated reserves shown herein represent Marathon’s estimated net reserves attributable to the leasehold interests in certain properties owned by Marathon and reviewed by Ryder Scott, as of December 31, 2018. The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott incorporate Marathon’s reserves determinations and are located in the state of Texas.

The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott account for a portion of Marathon’s total net proved reserves as of December 31, 2018. The properties reviewed by Ryder Scott and included in this letter were limited to Marathon’s Eagle Ford assets as specified by Marathon.

As prescribed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers in Paragraph 2.2(f) of the Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information (SPE auditing standards), a reserves audit is defined as “the process of reviewing certain of the pertinent facts interpreted and assumptions made that have resulted in an estimate of reserves and/or Reserves Information prepared by others and the rendering of an opinion about (1) the appropriateness of the methodologies employed;
(2) the adequacy and quality of the data relied upon; (3) the depth and thoroughness of the reserves estimation process; (4) the classification of reserves appropriate to the relevant definitions used; and (5) the reasonableness of the estimated reserves quantities and/or Reserves Information.” Reserves Information may consist of various estimates pertaining to the extent and value of petroleum properties.

Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Marathon, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by Marathon in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Marathon are, in the aggregate, reasonable within the established audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the SPE auditing standards.



SUITE 800, 350 7TH AVENUE, S.W.
CALGARY, ALBERTA T2P 3N9
TEL (403) 262-2799
FAX (403) 262-2790
621 17TH STREET, SUITE 1550
DENVER, COLORADO 80293-1501
TEL (303) 623-9147
FAX (303) 623-4258


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 2




The estimated reserves presented in this report are related to hydrocarbon prices. Marathon has informed us that in the preparation of their reserves projections, as of December 31, 2018, they used average prices during the 12-month period prior to the “as of date” of this report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of-the-month for each month within such period, unless prices were defined by contractual arrangements, as required by the SEC regulations. Actual future prices may vary considerably from the prices required by SEC regulations. The recoverable reserves volumes and the income attributable thereto have a direct relationship to the hydrocarbon prices actually received; therefore, volumes of reserves actually recovered may differ significantly from the estimated quantities presented in this report. The net reserves as estimated by Marathon attributable to Marathon's interest in properties that we reviewed are summarized below:

SEC PARAMETERS
Estimated Net Reserves
Certain Leasehold Interests – Eagle Ford Assets of
Marathon Oil Corporation
As of December 31, 2018            

 
 
 
Proved
 
 
Developed
 
 
 
Total
Producing
 
Undeveloped
 
Proved
 Audited by Ryder Scott
 
 
 
 
 
 Net Remaining Reserves
 
 
 
 
 
Oil/Condensate – MBarrels
115,173

 
114,218

 
229,391

Plant Products – MBarrels
44,676

 
35,445

 
80,121

Gas – MMCF
261,062

 
196,327

 
457,389



Liquid hydrocarbons are expressed in standard 42 gallon barrels and shown herein as thousands of barrels (MBarrels). All gas volumes are reported on an “as sold basis” expressed in millions of cubic feet (MMCF) at the official temperature and pressure bases of the areas in which the gas reserves are located.


Reserves Included in This Report

In our opinion, the proved reserves presented in this report conform to the definition as set forth in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). An abridged version of the SEC reserves definitions from 210.4-10(a) entitled “Petroleum Reserves Definitions” is included as an attachment to this report.

The various proved reserves status categories are defined under the attachment entitled “Petroleum Reserves Status Definitions and Guidelines” in this report.

Reserves are “estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations.” All reserves estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal

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Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 3




classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. At Marathon’s request, this report addresses only the proved reserves attributable to the properties reviewed herein.

Proved oil and gas reserves are “those quantities of oil and gas which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible from a given date forward.” The proved reserves included herein were estimated using deterministic methods. The SEC has defined reasonable certainty for proved reserves, when based on deterministic methods, as a “high degree of confidence that the quantities will be recovered.”

Proved reserves estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change. For proved reserves, the SEC states that “as changes due to increased availability of geoscience (geological, geophysical, and geochemical), engineering, and economic data are made to the estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) with time, reasonably certain EUR is much more likely to increase or remain constant than to decrease.” Moreover, estimates of proved reserves may be revised as a result of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks. Therefore, the proved reserves included in this report are estimates only and should not be construed as being exact quantities, and if recovered, could be more or less than the estimated amounts.


Audit Data, Methodology, Procedure and Assumptions

The estimation of reserves involves two distinct determinations. The first determination results in the estimation of the quantities of recoverable oil and gas and the second determination results in the estimation of the uncertainty associated with those estimated quantities in accordance with the definitions set forth by the Securities and Exchange Commission’s Regulations Part 210.4-10(a). The process of estimating the quantities of recoverable oil and gas reserves relies on the use of certain generally accepted analytical procedures. These analytical procedures fall into three broad categories or methods:
(1)performance-based methods; (2) volumetric-based methods; and (3) analogy. These methods may be used individually or in combination by the reserves evaluator in the process of estimating the quantities of reserves. Reserves evaluators must select the method or combination of methods which in their professional judgment is most appropriate given the nature and amount of reliable geoscience and engineering data available at the time of the estimate, the established or anticipated performance characteristics of the reservoir being evaluated and the stage of development or producing maturity of the property.

In many cases, the analysis of the available geoscience and engineering data and the subsequent interpretation of this data may indicate a range of possible outcomes in an estimate, irrespective of the method selected by the evaluator. When a range in the quantity of reserves is identified, the evaluator must determine the uncertainty associated with the incremental quantities of the reserves. If the reserves quantities are estimated using the deterministic incremental approach, the uncertainty for each discrete incremental quantity of the reserves is addressed by the reserves category assigned by the evaluator. Therefore, it is the categorization of reserves quantities as proved, probable and/or possible that addresses the inherent uncertainty in the estimated quantities reported. For proved reserves, uncertainty is defined by the SEC as reasonable certainty wherein the “quantities actually recovered are much more likely than not to be achieved.” The SEC states that “probable reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves but which, together with proved reserves, are as likely as not to be recovered.” The SEC states that “possible reserves are those additional reserves that are less certain to be recovered than probable reserves and the total quantities ultimately recovered


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Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 4




from a project have a low probability of exceeding proved plus probable plus possible reserves.” All quantities of reserves within the same reserves category must meet the SEC definitions as noted above.

Estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserves categories may be revised in the future as additional geoscience or engineering data become available. Furthermore, estimates of reserves quantities and their associated reserves categories may also be revised due to other factors such as changes in economic conditions, results of future operations, effects of regulation by governmental agencies or geopolitical or economic risks as previously noted herein.

The proved reserves, prepared by Marathon, for the properties that we reviewed were estimated by performance methods, analogy, or a combination of methods. Approximately 100 percent of the proved producing reserves attributable to producing wells and/or reservoirs that we reviewed were estimated by performance methods or a combination of methods. These performance methods include, but may not be limited to, decline curve analysis which utilize extrapolations of historical production and pressure data available through October 2018, in those cases where such data were considered to be definitive. The data utilized in this analysis were furnished to Ryder Scott by Marathon and were considered sufficient for the purpose thereof.

All of the proved undeveloped reserves that we reviewed were estimated by analogy.

To estimate economically recoverable proved oil and gas reserves, many factors and assumptions are considered including, but not limited to, the use of reservoir parameters derived from geological, geophysical and engineering data which cannot be measured directly, economic criteria based on current costs and SEC pricing requirements, and forecasts of future production rates. Under the SEC regulations 210.4-10(a)(22)(v) and (26), proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. While it may reasonably be anticipated that the future prices received for the sale of production and the operating costs and other costs relating to such production may increase or decrease from those under existing economic conditions, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in conducting this review.

As stated previously, proved reserves must be anticipated to be economically producible from a given date forward based on existing economic conditions including the prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. To confirm that the proved reserves reviewed by us meet the SEC requirements to be economically producible, we have reviewed certain primary economic data utilized by Marathon relating to hydrocarbon prices and costs as noted herein.

The hydrocarbon prices furnished by Marathon for the properties reviewed by us are based on SEC price parameters using the average prices during the 12-month period prior to the “as of date” of this report, determined as the unweighted arithmetic averages of the prices in effect on the first-day-of- the-month for each month within such period

The initial SEC hydrocarbon prices in effect on December 31, 2018 for the properties reviewed by us were determined using the 12-month average first-day-of-the-month benchmark prices appropriate to the geographic area where the hydrocarbons are sold. These benchmark prices are prior to the adjustments for differentials as described herein. The table below summarizes the “benchmark prices” and “price reference” used by Marathon for the geographic area reviewed by us.

The product prices which were actually used by Marathon to determine the future gross revenue for each property reviewed by us reflect adjustments to the benchmark prices for gravity, quality, local


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 5


conditions, and/or distance from market, referred to herein as “differentials.” The differentials used by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon.

The table below summarizes Marathon’s net volume weighted benchmark prices adjusted for differentials for the properties reviewed by us and referred to herein as Marathon’s “average realized prices.” The average realized prices shown in the table below were determined from Marathon’s estimate of the total future gross revenue before production taxes for the properties reviewed by us and Marathon’s estimate of the total net reserves for the properties reviewed by us for the geographic area. The data shown in the table below is presented in accordance with SEC disclosure requirements for the geographic area reviewed by us.


Geographic Area


Product

Price Reference
Average Benchmark Prices
Average Realized Prices
North America
 
 
 
 

United States
Oil/Condensate
WTI Cushing
$65.56/Bbl
$61.68/Bbl
NGLs
Mt. Belvieu
(NGL)
$26.63/Bbl
$29.22/Bbl
Gas
Henry Hub
$3.10/MMBTU
$3.10/MCF

The effects of derivative instruments designated as price hedges of oil and gas quantities are not reflected in Marathon’s individual property evaluations.

Accumulated gas production imbalances, if any, were not taken into account in the proved gas reserves estimates reviewed. The proved gas volumes presented herein do not include volumes of gas consumed in operations as reserves.

Operating costs furnished by Marathon are based on the operating expense reports of Marathon and include only those costs directly applicable to the leases or wells for the properties reviewed by us. The operating costs include a portion of general and administrative costs allocated directly to the leases and wells. Additional gathering and transportation fees were included in the operating costs. The operating costs furnished by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon. No deduction was made for loan repayments, interest expenses, or exploration and development prepayments that were not charged directly to the leases or wells.

Development costs furnished by Marathon are based on authorizations for expenditure for the proposed work or actual costs for similar projects. The development costs furnished by Marathon were accepted as factual data and reviewed by us for their reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data used by Marathon. The estimated net cost of abandonment after salvage was included by Marathon for properties where abandonment costs net of salvage were significant. Marathon’s estimates of the net abandonment costs were accepted without independent verification. Ryder Scott has not performed a detailed study of the abandonment costs or the salvage value and makes no warranty for Marathon’s estimate.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 6




The proved undeveloped reserves for the properties reviewed by us have been incorporated herein in accordance with Marathon’s plans to develop these reserves as of December 31, 2018. The implementation of Marathon’s development plans as presented to us is subject to the approval process adopted by Marathon’s management. As the result of our inquiries during the course of our review, Marathon has informed us that the development activities for the properties reviewed by us have been subjected to and received the internal approvals required by Marathon’s management at the appropriate local, regional and/or corporate level. In addition to the internal approvals as noted, certain development activities may still be subject to specific partner AFE processes, Joint Operating Agreement (JOA) requirements or other administrative approvals external to Marathon. Marathon has provided written documentation supporting their commitment to proceed with the development activities as presented to us. Additionally, Marathon has informed us that they are not aware of any legal, regulatory, or political obstacles that would significantly alter their plans. While these plans could change from those under existing economic conditions as of December 31, 2018, such changes were, in accordance with rules adopted by the SEC, omitted from consideration in making this evaluation.

Current costs used by Marathon were held constant throughout the life of the properties.

Marathon’s forecasts of future production rates are based on historical performance from wells currently on production. If no production decline trend has been established, future production rates were held constant, or adjusted for the effects of curtailment where appropriate, until a decline in ability to produce was anticipated. An estimated rate of decline was then applied to depletion of the reserves. If a decline trend has been established, this trend was used as the basis for estimating future production rates.

Test data and other related information were used by Marathon to estimate the anticipated initial production rates for locations that are not currently producing. For reserves not yet on production, sales were estimated to commence at an anticipated date furnished by Marathon. Locations that are not currently producing may start producing earlier or later than anticipated in Marathon’s estimates due to unforeseen factors causing a change in the timing to initiate production. Such factors may include delays due to weather, the availability of rigs, the sequence of drilling, completing and/or recompleting wells and/or constraints set by regulatory bodies.

The future production rates from wells currently on production or locations that are not currently producing may be more or less than estimated because of changes including, but not limited to, reservoir performance, operating conditions related to surface facilities, compression and artificial lift, pipeline capacity and/or operating conditions, producing market demand and/or allowables or other constraints set by regulatory bodies.

Marathon’s operations may be subject to various levels of governmental controls and regulations. These controls and regulations may include, but may not be limited to, matters relating to land tenure and leasing, the legal rights to produce hydrocarbons, drilling and production practices, environmental protection, marketing and pricing policies, royalties, various taxes and levies including income tax and are subject to change from time to time. Such changes in governmental regulations and policies may cause volumes of proved reserves actually recovered and amounts of proved income actually received to differ significantly from the estimated quantities.

The estimates of proved reserves presented herein were based upon a review of the properties in which Marathon owns an interest; however, we have not made any field examination of the properties. No consideration was given in this report to potential environmental liabilities that may exist nor were any costs included by Marathon for potential liabilities to restore and clean up damages, if any, caused by past operating practices.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 7




Certain technical personnel of Marathon are responsible for the preparation of reserves estimates on new properties and for the preparation of revised estimates, when necessary, on old properties. These personnel assembled the necessary data and maintained the data and workpapers in an orderly manner. We consulted with these technical personnel and had access to their workpapers and supporting data in the course of our audit.

Marathon has informed us that they have furnished us all of the material accounts, records, geological and engineering data, and reports and other data required for this investigation. In performing our audit of Marathon’s forecast of future proved production, we have relied upon data furnished by Marathon with respect to property interests owned, production from examined wells, normal direct costs of operating the wells or leases, other costs such as transportation and/or processing fees, ad valorem and production taxes, recompletion and development costs, development plans, abandonment costs after salvage, product prices based on the SEC regulations, adjustments or differentials to product prices. Ryder Scott reviewed such factual data for its reasonableness; however, we have not conducted an independent verification of the data furnished by Marathon. We consider the factual data furnished to us by Marathon to be appropriate and sufficient for the purpose of our review of Marathon’s estimates of reserves. In summary, we consider the assumptions, data, methods and analytical procedures used by Marathon and as reviewed by us appropriate for the purpose hereof, and we have used all such methods and procedures that we consider necessary and appropriate under the circumstances to render the conclusions set forth herein.


Audit Opinion

Based on our review, including the data, technical processes and interpretations presented by Marathon, it is our opinion that the overall procedures and methodologies utilized by Marathon in preparing their estimates of the proved reserves as of December 31, 2018 comply with the current SEC regulations and that the overall proved reserves for the reviewed properties as estimated by Marathon are, in the aggregate, reasonable within the established audit tolerance guidelines of 10 percent as set forth in the SPE auditing standards. Ryder Scott found the processes and controls used by Marathon in their estimation of proved reserves to be effective and, in the aggregate, we found no bias in the utilization and analysis of data in estimates for these properties.

We were in reasonable agreement with Marathon's estimates of proved reserves for the properties which we reviewed; although in certain cases there was more than an acceptable variance between Marathon's estimates and our estimates due to a difference in interpretation of data or due to our having access to data which were not available to Marathon when its reserves estimates were prepared. However notwithstanding, it is our opinion that on an aggregate basis the data presented herein for the properties that we reviewed fairly reflects the estimated net reserves owned by Marathon.


Standards of Independence and Professional Qualification

Ryder Scott is an independent petroleum engineering consulting firm that has been providing petroleum consulting services throughout the world since 1937. Ryder Scott is employee-owned and maintains offices in Houston, Texas; Denver, Colorado; and Calgary, Alberta, Canada. We have approximately eighty engineers and geoscientists on our permanent staff. By virtue of the size of our firm and the large number of clients for which we provide services, no single client or job represents a material portion of our annual revenue. We do not serve as officers or directors of any privately-owned or publicly-traded oil and gas company and are separate and independent from the operating and


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 8




investment decision-making process of our clients.    This allows us to bring the highest level of independence and objectivity to each engagement for our services.

Ryder Scott actively participates in industry-related professional societies and organizes an annual public forum focused on the subject of reserves evaluations and SEC regulations. Many of our staff have authored or co-authored technical papers on the subject of reserves related topics. We encourage our staff to maintain and enhance their professional skills by actively participating in ongoing continuing education.

Prior to becoming an officer of the Company, Ryder Scott requires that staff engineers and geoscientists have received professional accreditation in the form of a registered or certified professional engineer’s license or a registered or certified professional geoscientist’s license, or the equivalent thereof, from an appropriate governmental authority or a recognized self-regulating professional organization. Regulating agencies require that, in order to maintain active status, a certain amount of continuing education hours be completed annually, including an hour of ethics training. Ryder Scott fully supports this technical and ethics training with our internal requirement mentioned above.

We are independent petroleum engineers with respect to Marathon. Neither we nor any of our employees have any financial interest in the subject properties, and neither the employment to do this work nor the compensation is contingent on our estimates of reserves for the properties which were reviewed.

The results of this audit, presented herein, are based on technical analysis conducted by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott. The professional qualifications of the undersigned, the technical person primarily responsible for overseeing, reviewing and approving the review of the reserves information discussed in this report, are included as an attachment to this letter.


Terms of Usage

The results of our third party audit, presented in report form herein, were prepared in accordance with the disclosure requirements set forth in the SEC regulations and intended for public disclosure as an exhibit in filings made with the SEC by Marathon.

Marathon makes periodic filings on Form 10-K with the SEC under the 1934 Exchange Act. Furthermore, Marathon has certain registration statements filed with the SEC under the 1933 Securities Act into which any subsequently filed Form 10-K is incorporated by reference. We have consented to the incorporation by reference in the registration statements on Form S-3 and Form S-8 of Marathon, of the references to our name, as well as to the references to our third party report for Marathon, which appears in the December 31, 2018 annual report on Form 10-K of Marathon. Our written consent for such use is included as a separate exhibit to the filings made with the SEC by Marathon.

We have provided Marathon with a digital version of the original signed copy of this report letter. In the event there are any differences between the digital version included in filings made by Marathon and the original signed report letter, the original signed report letter shall control and supersede the digital version.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 9




The data and work papers used in the preparation of this report are available for examination by authorized parties in our offices. Please contact us if we can be of further service.


Very truly yours,

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY, L.P.
TBPE Firm Registration No. F-1580

/s/ Daniel R. Olds

Daniel R. Olds, P.E.
TBPE License No. 60996
Managing Senior Vice President

/s/ Syed R. Rizvi

Syed R. Rizvi
Senior Petroleum Engineer
[SEAL]

DRO-SRR (FWZ)/pl


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS






Professional Qualifications of Primary Technical Person

The conclusions presented in this report are the result of technical analysis conducted by teams of geoscientists and engineers from Ryder Scott Company, L.P. Daniel R. Olds was the primary technical person responsible for overseeing the estimate of the reserves, future production, and income prepared by Ryder Scott presented herein.

Mr. Olds, an employee of Ryder Scott Company, L.P. (Ryder Scott) since 2001, is a Managing Senior Vice President and also serves as an Engineering Group Coordinator responsible for coordinating and supervising staff and consulting engineers of the company in ongoing reservoir evaluation studies worldwide. He is a member of Ryder Scott’s Board of Directors. Before joining Ryder Scott, Mr. Olds served in a number of engineering and evaluation positions with PricewaterhouseCoopers, Wintershall Oil and Gas Company and Cities Service Oil Company. For more information regarding Mr. Olds’ geographic and job specific experience, please refer to the Ryder Scott Company website at
www.ryderscott.com/Company/Employees.

Mr. Olds earned a Bachelor of Science degree in Petroleum Engineering from West Virginia University in 1981, an MBA from the University of Houston in 1991 and is a licensed Professional Engineer in the State of Texas. He is also a member of the Society of Petroleum Evaluation Engineers (past president) and the Society of Petroleum Engineers. He currently serves on the SPE Oil and Gas Reserves Committee.

In addition to gaining experience and competency through prior work experience, the Texas Board of Professional Engineers requires a minimum of fifteen hours of continuing education annually, including at least one hour in the area of professional ethics, which Mr. Olds fulfills. For 2018, Mr. Olds had over 44 hours of continuing education hours related to reserves, reserve evaluation, and ethics. Mr. Olds has had at least 30 hours of continuing education for each of the last 5 years.

Based on his educational background, professional training and more than 35 years of practical experience in the estimation and evaluation of petroleum reserves, Mr. Olds has attained the professional qualifications as a Reserves Estimator and Reserves Auditor set forth in Article III of the “Standards Pertaining to the Estimating and Auditing of Oil and Gas Reserves Information” promulgated by the Society of Petroleum Engineers as of February 19, 2007.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS



PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS

As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)


PREAMBLE

On January 14, 2009, the United States Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) published the “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” in the Federal Register of National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule” includes revisions and additions to the definition section in Rule 4-10 of Regulation S-X, revisions and additions to the oil and gas reporting requirements in Regulation S-K, and amends and codifies Industry Guide 2 in Regulation S-K. The “Modernization of Oil and Gas Reporting; Final Rule”, including all references to Regulation S-X and Regulation S-K, shall be referred to herein collectively as the “SEC regulations”. The SEC regulations take effect for all filings made with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010. Reference should be made to the full text under Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4-10(a) for the complete definitions (direct passages excerpted in part or wholly from the aforementioned SEC document are denoted in italics herein).

Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. All reserve estimates involve an assessment of the uncertainty relating the likelihood that the actual remaining quantities recovered will be greater or less than the estimated quantities determined as of the date the estimate is made. The uncertainty depends chiefly on the amount of reliable geologic and engineering data available at the time of the estimate and the interpretation of these data. The relative degree of uncertainty may be conveyed by placing reserves into one of two principal classifications, either proved or unproved. Unproved reserves are less certain to be recovered than proved reserves and may be further sub-classified as probable and possible reserves to denote progressively increasing uncertainty in their recoverability. Under the SEC regulations as of December 31, 2009, or after January 1, 2010, a company may optionally disclose estimated quantities of probable or possible oil and gas reserves in documents publicly filed with the SEC. The SEC regulations continue to prohibit disclosure of estimates of oil and gas resources other than reserves and any estimated values of such resources in any document publicly filed with the SEC unless such information is required to be disclosed in the document by foreign or state law as noted in §229.1202 Instruction to Item 1202.

Reserves estimates will generally be revised only as additional geologic or engineering data become available or as economic conditions change.

Reserves may be attributed to either natural energy or improved recovery methods. Improved recovery methods include all methods for supplementing natural energy or altering natural forces in the reservoir to increase ultimate recovery. Examples of such methods are pressure maintenance, natural gas cycling, waterflooding, thermal methods, chemical flooding, and the use of miscible and immiscible displacement fluids. Other improved recovery methods may be developed in the future as petroleum technology continues to evolve.

Reserves may be attributed to either conventional or unconventional petroleum accumulations. Petroleum accumulations are considered as either conventional or unconventional based on the nature of their in-place characteristics, extraction method applied, or degree of processing prior to sale.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS
Page 2




Examples of unconventional petroleum accumulations include coalbed or coalseam methane (CBM/CSM), basin-centered gas, shale gas, gas hydrates, natural bitumen and oil shale deposits. These unconventional accumulations may require specialized extraction technology and/or significant processing prior to sale.

Reserves do not include quantities of petroleum being held in inventory.

Because of the differences in uncertainty, caution should be exercised when aggregating quantities of petroleum from different reserves categories.


RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(26) defines reserves as follows:

Reserves. Reserves are estimated remaining quantities of oil and gas and related substances anticipated to be economically producible, as of a given date, by application of development projects to known accumulations. In addition, there must exist, or there must be a reasonable expectation that there will exist, the legal right to produce or a revenue interest in the production, installed means of delivering oil and gas or related substances to market, and all permits and financing required to implement the project.

Note to paragraph (a)(26): Reserves should not be assigned to adjacent reservoirs isolated by major, potentially sealing, faults until those reservoirs are penetrated and evaluated as economically producible. Reserves should not be assigned to areas that are clearly separated from a known accumulation by a non-productive reservoir (i.e., absence of reservoir, structurally low reservoir, or negative test results). Such areas may contain prospective resources (i.e., potentially recoverable resources from undiscovered accumulations).



PROVED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(22) defines proved oil and gas reserves as follows:

Proved oil and gas reserves. Proved oil and gas reserves are those quantities of oil and gas, which, by analysis of geoscience and engineering data, can be estimated with reasonable certainty to be economically producible—from a given date forward, from known reservoirs, and under existing economic conditions, operating methods, and government regulations—prior to the time at which contracts providing the right to operate expire, unless evidence indicates that renewal is reasonably certain, regardless of whether deterministic or probabilistic methods are used for the estimation. The project to extract the hydrocarbons must have commenced or the operator must be reasonably certain that it will commence the project within a reasonable time.

(i)
The area of the reservoir considered as proved includes:

(A)
The area identified by drilling and limited by fluid contacts, if any, and

(B)    Adjacent undrilled portions of the reservoir that can, with reasonable certainty, be judged to be continuous with it and to contain economically producible oil or gas on the basis of available geoscience and engineering data.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


PETROLEUM RESERVES DEFINITIONS
Page 3




(ii)    In the absence of data on fluid contacts, proved quantities in a reservoir are limited by the lowest known hydrocarbons (LKH) as seen in a well penetration unless geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establishes a lower contact with reasonable certainty.

(iii)    Where direct observation from well penetrations has defined a highest known oil (HKO) elevation and the potential exists for an associated gas cap, proved oil reserves may be assigned in the structurally higher portions of the reservoir only if geoscience, engineering, or performance data and reliable technology establish the higher contact with reasonable certainty.

(iv)    Reserves which can be produced economically through application of improved recovery techniques (including, but not limited to, fluid injection) are included in the proved classification when:
(A)    Successful testing by a pilot project in an area of the reservoir with properties no more favorable than in the reservoir as a whole, the operation of an installed program in the reservoir or an analogous reservoir, or other evidence using reliable technology establishes the reasonable certainty of the engineering analysis on which the project or program was based; and

(B)    The project has been approved for development by all necessary parties and entities, including governmental entities.

(v)    Existing economic conditions include prices and costs at which economic producibility from a reservoir is to be determined. The price shall be the average price during the 12-month period prior to the ending date of the period covered by the report, determined as an unweighted arithmetic average of the first-day-of-the-month price for each month within such period, unless prices are defined by contractual arrangements, excluding escalations based upon future conditions.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS



PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES

As Adapted From:
RULE 4-10(a) of REGULATION S-X PART 210
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION (SEC)

and

2018 PETROLEUM RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (SPE-PRMS)
Sponsored and Approved by: SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM ENGINEERS (SPE)
WORLD PETROLEUM COUNCIL (WPC)
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF PETROLEUM GEOLOGISTS (AAPG) SOCIETY OF PETROLEUM EVALUATION ENGINEERS (SPEE) SOCIETY OF EXPLORATION GEOPHYSICISTS (SEG)
SOCIETY OF PETROPHYSICISTS AND WELL LOG ANALYSTS (SPWLA) EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF GEOSCIENTISTS & ENGINEERS (EAGE)


Reserves status categories define the development and producing status of wells and reservoirs. Reference should be made to Title 17, Code of Federal Regulations, Regulation S-X Part 210, Rule 4- 10(a) and the SPE-PRMS as the following reserves status definitions are based on excerpts from the original documents (direct passages excerpted from the aforementioned SEC and SPE-PRMS documents are denoted in italics herein).


DEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(6) defines developed oil and gas reserves as follows:

Developed oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that can be expected to be recovered:

(i)Through existing wells with existing equipment and operating methods or in which the cost of the required equipment is relatively minor compared to the cost of a new well; and

(ii)Through installed extraction equipment and infrastructure operational at the time of the reserves estimate if the extraction is by means not involving a well.

Developed Producing (SPE-PRMS Definitions)

While not a requirement for disclosure under the SEC regulations, developed oil and gas reserves may be further sub-classified according to the guidance contained in the SPE-PRMS as Producing or Non-Producing.

Developed Producing Reserves
Developed Producing Reserves are expected quantities to be recovered from completion intervals that are open and producing at the effective date of the estimate.


RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS


Marathon Oil Corporation - Eagle Ford
May 29, 2019
Page 2



PETROLEUM RESERVES STATUS DEFINITIONS AND GUIDELINES
Page 2


Improved recovery reserves are considered producing only after the improved recovery project is in operation.

Developed Non-Producing
Developed Non-Producing Reserves include shut-in and behind-pipe Reserves.

Shut-In
Shut-in Reserves are expected to be recovered from:
(1)
completion intervals that are open at the time of the estimate but which have not yet started producing;
(2)
wells which were shut-in for market conditions or pipeline connections; or
(3)
wells not capable of production for mechanical reasons.

Behind-Pipe
Behind-pipe Reserves are expected to be recovered from zones in existing wells that will require additional completion work or future re-completion before start of production with minor cost to access these reserves.

In all cases, production can be initiated or restored with relatively low expenditure compared to the cost of drilling a new well.


UNDEVELOPED RESERVES (SEC DEFINITIONS)

Securities and Exchange Commission Regulation S-X §210.4-10(a)(31) defines undeveloped oil and gas reserves as follows:

Undeveloped oil and gas reserves are reserves of any category that are expected to be recovered from new wells on undrilled acreage, or from existing wells where a relatively major expenditure is required for recompletion.

(i)
Reserves on undrilled acreage shall be limited to those directly offsetting development spacing areas that are reasonably certain of production when drilled, unless evidence using reliable technology exists that establishes reasonable certainty of economic producibility at greater distances.

(ii)    Undrilled locations can be classified as having undeveloped reserves only if a development plan has been adopted indicating that they are scheduled to be drilled within five years, unless the specific circumstances, justify a longer time.

(iii)    Under no circumstances shall estimates for undeveloped reserves be attributable to any acreage for which an application of fluid injection or other improved recovery technique is contemplated, unless such techniques have been proved effective by actual projects in the same reservoir or an analogous reservoir, as defined in paragraph (a)(2) of this section, or by other evidence using reliable technology establishing reasonable certainty.

RYDER SCOTT COMPANY PETROLEUM CONSULTANTS

Exhibit 99.9

Alba Plant LLC
Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017





Alba Plant LLC
Index
December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017
 


 
 
 
Page(s)
Independent Auditor’s Report
 
 
1-2
Financial Statements
 
 
 
   Balance Sheets
 
 
3
   Statements of Income
 
 
4
   Statements of Stockholders’ Equity
 
 
5
   Statements of Cash Flows
 
 
6
Notes to Financial Statements
 
 
7-14
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







Independent Auditor’s Report

To the Management of Alba Plant LLC:
We have audited the accompanying financial statements of Alba Plant LLC, which comprise the balance sheet as of December 31, 2019, and the related statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2017.

Management's Responsibility for the Financial Statements
Management is responsible for the preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America; this includes the design, implementation, and maintenance of internal control relevant to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements that are free from material misstatement, whether due to fraud or error.
Auditors’ Responsibility
Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the financial statements based on our audits. We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement.
An audit involves performing procedures to obtain audit evidence about the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. The procedures selected depend on our judgment, including the assessment of the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to fraud or error. In making those risk assessments, we consider internal control relevant to the Company's preparation and fair presentation of the financial statements in order to design audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company's internal control. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes evaluating the appropriateness of accounting policies used and the reasonableness of significant accounting estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that the audit evidence we have obtained is sufficient and appropriate to provide a basis for our audit opinion.
Opinion
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Alba Plant LLC as of December 31, 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2017 in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Emphasis of matter
As discussed in Note 7 to the financial statements, the Company has significant transactions with related parties. Our opinion is not modified with respect to this matter.







Exhibit 99.9

Other Matter
The accompanying balance sheet of Alba Plant LLC as of December 31, 2018, and the related statements of income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year then ended are presented for purposes of complying with Rule 3-09 of SEC Regulation S-X; however, Rule 3-09 does not require the 2018 financial statements to be audited and they are therefore not covered by this report.

/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Houston, Texas
February 20, 2020



Alba Plant LLC
Balance Sheets
December 31, 2019 and 2018*
 

(in thousands of dollars, except share and per share amounts)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
 
 
 
 
Assets
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
52,510
 
 
$
87,080
 
Accounts receivable
 
13,050
 
 
21,669
 
Accounts receivable–related parties
 
9,405
 
 
10,565
 
Inventory
 
37,068
 
 
35,674
 
Total current assets
 
112,033
 
 
154,988
 
Facility cost
 
582,226
 
 
568,634
 
Less: Accumulated depreciation
 
362,391
 
 
347,660
 
Net facility cost
 
219,835
 
 
220,974
 
Total assets
 
$
331,868
 
 
$
375,962
 
 
 
 
 
 
Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity
 
 
 
 
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities–related parties
 
12,318
 
 
7,471
 
Accrued government royalty–net profit interest
 
17,419
 
 
28,118
 
Foreign income taxes payable
 
49,340
 
 
83,923
 
Total current liabilities
 
79,077
 
 
119,512
 
Net deferred tax liability
 
45,188
 
 
45,106
 
Stockholders' equity
 
 
 
 
Common stock - 1,000 shares issued and outstanding
 
1
 
 
1
 
(par value $1.00 per share, 50,000 shares authorized)
 
 
 
 
Retained earnings
 
207,602
 
 
211,343
 
Total stockholders' equity
 
207,603
 
 
211,344
 
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity
 
$
331,868
 
 
$
375,962
 









The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
*December 31, 2018 is not covered by the auditor's report.
3

Alba Plant LLC
Statements of Income
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


(in thousands of dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from contracts with customers
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Plant products
 
$
185,801

 
 
$
295,357

 
 
$
298,923

 
Plant products–related parties
 
982
 
 
 
933
 
 
 
799
 
Condensate
 
114,050
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Condensate–related parties
 
 
 
 
140,707
 
 
 
131,923
 
Other sales
 
923
 
 
 
837
 
 
 
962
 
Other sales–related parties
 
 
 
 
248
 
 
 
286
 
Total revenues from contracts with customers
 
301,756
 
 
 
438,082
 
 
 
432,893

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Expenses
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Direct operating–related parties
 
41,203
 
 
 
35,541
 
 
 
37,331

 
Depreciation and amortization
 
14,732
 
 
 
12,564
 
 
 
11,233

 
General and administrative–related parties
 
27,777
 
 
 
30,059
 
 
 
28,165

 
Government royalty–net profit interest
 
17,416
 
 
 
28,117
 
 
 
28,380

 
Shipping and handling–related parties
 
3,960
 
 
 
4,898
 
 
 
3,543

 
Total expenses
 
105,088
 
 
 
111,179
 
 
 
108,652

 
Income from operations
 
196,668
 
 
 
326,903
 
 
 
324,241

 
Interest income
 
1,011
 
 
 
996
 
 
 
227

 
Income before income taxes
 
197,679
 
 
 
327,899
 
 
 
324,468

 
Income tax expense
 
49,420
 
 
 
82,009
 
 
 
81,152

 
Net income
 
$
148,259

 
 
$
245,890

 
 
$
243,316

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by the auditor's report.
4


Alba Plant LLC
Statements of Stockholders' Equity
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018*, and 2017
 


 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total
 
 
Common Stock
Retained
 
Stockholders'
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Shares
 
Amount


 
Earnings
 
Equity
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Balances at December 31, 2016
 
1

 
$
1

 
$
299,137

 
$
299,138

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
243,316

 
243,316

Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
(242,000)

 
(242,000
)
Balances at December 31, 2017
 
1

 
$
1

 
$
300,453

 
$
300,454

Net income*
 
 
 
 
 
245,890

 
245,890

Dividends*
 
 
 
 
 
(335,000
)
 
(335,000
)
Balances at December 31, 2018*
 
1

 
$
1

 
$
211,343

 
$
211,344

Net income
 
 
 
 
 
148,259

 
148,259

Dividends
 
 
 
 
 
(152,000
)
 
(152,000
)
Balances at December 31, 2019
 
1

 
$
1

 
$
207,602

 
$
207,603








The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by the auditor's report.
5


Alba Plant LLC
Statements of Cash Flows
Years Ended December 31, 2019, 2018*, and 2017
 



(in thousands of dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income
 
$
148,259

 
$
245,890

 
$
243,316

Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
14,732

 
12,564

 
11,233

Deferred income tax
 
82

 
(1,739
)
 
6,827

Changes in:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Accounts receivable
 
8,619

 
7,938

 
905

Accounts receivable-related parties
 
1,160

 
4,166

 
(3,873
)
Inventory
 
(1,394
)
 
2,019

 
(656
)
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities-related parties
 
(2,760
)
 
221

 
75

Accrued government royalty–net profit interest
 
(10,699
)
 
(260
)
 
10,841

Foreign income taxes payable
 
(34,583
)
 
9,601

 
38,387

Net cash provided by operating activities
 
123,416

 
280,400

 
307,055

Investing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Capital expenditures
 
(5,986
)
 
(769
)
 
(65
)
Net cash used in investing activities
 
(5,986
)
 
(769
)
 
(65
)
Financing activities
 
 
 
 
 
 
Dividends
 
(152,000
)
 
(335,000
)
 
(242,000
)
Net cash used in financing activities
 
(152,000
)
 
(335,000
)
 
(242,000
)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
(34,570
)
 
(55,369
)
 
64,990

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period
 
$
87,080

 
$
142,449

 
$
77,459

Cash and cash equivalents at end of period
 
$
52,510

 
$
87,080

 
$
142,449

Supplemental disclosure
 
 
 
 
 
 
Income taxes paid
 
$
83,920

 
$
74,146

 
$
35,939

Change in capital expenditure accrual
 
$
7,606

 
$
198

 
$
(13
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 







The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by the auditor's report.
6


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


1.
Organization and Nature of Business
Alba Plant LLC (the “Company”) is an exempted limited liability company organized under the laws of the Cayman Islands. The purposes of the Company are (i) to construct, own, operate and maintain the Alba Liquefied Petroleum Gas Plant (“the plant”); (ii) to further process the natural gas produced under the Alba Production Sharing Contract (“Alba PSC”); (iii) to recover additional condensate; (iv) to separate butane and propane from the natural gas and process them into gas liquids; (v) to store the liquid hydrocarbons processed; (vi) to sell all liquid hydrocarbons produced by the plant; and (vii) to finance such activities on terms the Company determines to be appropriate. The Company commenced commercial operations in January 1997. Sociedad Nacional de Gas de Guinea Ecuatorial (“Sonagas”) has a 20% ownership in the Company with the remaining 80% owned by Alba Associates LLC. The ownership interest in Alba Associates LLC is as follows as of December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017:
Samedan of North Africa, Inc. ("Samedan")
 
34.79166%
Marathon E.G. LPG Limited ("EG LPG")
 
23.45834
Marathon E.G. Alba Limited ("EG Alba")
 
19.08334
Marathon E.G. Production Limited ("MEGPL")
 
11.45833
Marathon E.G. Offshore Limited ("EG Offshore")
 
11.20833
 
 
100.00000%
The Equatorial Guinea Government is entitled to a 10% interest in the Company’s annual net profit, as defined in the Processing and Marketing Agreement (“PMA”) between The Republic of Equatorial Guinea and the Company dated January 22, 1996.
The Company has no employees, and as such has entered into an agreement with MEGPL to provide certain operating, general and administrative services on behalf of the Company (Note 6).
2.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
These financial statements, including notes, have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. The December 31, 2018 financial statements, including notes, are not covered by the auditor's report.

Use of Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expenses during the respective reporting periods. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Foreign Currency Transactions
The functional currency applicable to the Company is the U.S. dollar. Current assets and current liabilities denominated in other currencies are converted into U.S. dollars at the applicable rate on the

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

7


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


balance sheet date, and the resulting unrealized foreign exchange gains and losses are recorded in the statement of income.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Includes cash on hand and highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less.
Receivables less Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
Receivables recorded in the financial statements represent bona fide claims against debtors, or other charges arising on or before the balance sheet date. All receivables have been appropriately reduced to their estimated net realizable value. All receivables are recorded at the invoiced amounts and do not bear interest. An allowance for receivables is created with a charge directly to bad debt expense when it becomes probable the receivables will not be collected. No allowance has been recorded as of December 31, 2019 and December 31, 2018.
Inventory
Materials and supplies inventory is valued at weighted average cost and reviewed periodically for obsolescence or impairment when market conditions indicate. Condensate, propane, and butane inventories are recorded at weighted average cost and carried at the lower of cost or net realizable value.
Facility Cost
Facility cost represents the cost of the plant including related extraction components, piping and other equipment, and includes the cost of related engineering and design services and installation materials and labor. Facility costs are primarily depreciated on a straight-line basis over the estimated remaining life of the plant, which is 2034.
Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Renewals, betterments and major repairs that materially extend the life of the plant are capitalized.
The Company evaluates the plant including related extraction components, piping and other equipment, for impairment of value whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be fully recoverable. If the value from the use of the asset and its eventual disposition is anticipated to be less than the carrying amount of the asset, an impairment loss is recognized based on the fair value of the asset. Assets deemed to be impaired are written down to their fair value, as determined by discounted future net cash flows or, if available, comparable market value.
Under the provisions of the PMA, the Company is not legally obligated to dismantle the plant and restore the Alba site, and as such, no asset retirement obligation has been recorded for these facilities.
Taxes
Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying amounts of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax bases. The realization of deferred tax assets is assessed periodically based on several interrelated factors. These factors include the Company’s expectation to generate sufficient future taxable income including tax credits, and operating loss carryforwards. Valuation allowances

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

8


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


are recorded against a deferred tax asset when it is more likely than not that the deferred tax asset will not be realized. The Company uses the liability method in determining our provision and liabilities for our income taxes, under which current and deferred tax liabilities and assets are recorded in accordance with enacted tax laws and rates.
Revenue Recognition
Revenues associated with the sales of plant products and condensate are recognized when the Company’s performance obligation is satisfied, which typically occurs at the point where control transfers to the customer based on contract terms. Revenue is measured as the amount the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring commodities to the customer. Hydrocarbon sales are typically based on prevailing market-based prices and may include quality or location differential adjustments. Payment is generally due within 30 days of delivery.
We typically incur shipping and handling costs prior to control transferring to the customer and account for these activities as fulfillment costs. These costs are reflected in shipping and handling-related parties line in our statement of income.

Our plant products and condensate may be stored as inventory and sold at a later time. See Note 4 for further discussion of the revenue recognition accounting policies.

3.
Accounting Standards
Not Yet Adopted
Financial instruments - credit losses
In June 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standards update that changes the impairment model for trade receivables, net investments in leases, debt securities, loans and certain other instruments. The standard requires the use of a forward-looking “expected loss” model as opposed to the current “incurred loss” model. This standard is effective for us in 2023 and will be adopted on a modified retrospective basis through a cumulative-effect adjustment to retained earnings as of the beginning of the adoption period. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the provisions of this accounting standards update and assessing the impact, if any, it may have on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

9


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


Recently Adopted
Revenue recognition standard
On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted the new Accounting Standards Codification Topic 606 (“new revenue standard”), Revenue from Contracts with Customers, and all the related amendments using the modified retrospective method. The Company evaluated the effect of transition by applying the provisions of the new revenue standard to contracts with remaining obligations as of January 1, 2019. No cumulative adjustment to retained earnings was necessary as a result of adopting this standard. Results for reporting periods beginning after January 1, 2019 are presented under the new revenue standard, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with our historic accounting policies.
The primary change from adoption of the new revenue standard relates to presentation of condensate sales to Marathon Oil Marketing, Ltd (“MOM”), a related entity. These transactions were classified as related party revenues under the previous accounting guidance. After applying the provisions of the new revenue standard, the Company determined that MOM was acting as an agent; therefore, the Company is now recognizing revenue based on third-party sales and it is no longer classified as a related party revenue on our statements of income.
Lease accounting standard
In February 2016, the FASB issued a new lease accounting standard, which requires lessees to recognize most leases, including operating leases, on the balance sheet as a right of use asset and lease liability. Short-term leases can continue being accounted for off balance sheet based on a policy election. The Company adopted this standard on January 1, 2019, based on the early adoption option permitted by the standard, using a modified retrospective approach. The Company applied practical expedients provided in the standard that allow, amongst others, not to reassess contracts that commenced or expired prior to the effective date. The Company also elected a policy not to recognize right of use assets and lease liabilities related to short-term leases. The adoption of this accounting standard had no impact on the Company's results of operations, financial position or cash flows since the Company currently have no leases in scope of this standard.
Classification in the statement of cash flows
In August 2016, the FASB issued a new accounting standards update which seeks to reduce the existing diversity in practice in how certain transactions are classified in the statement of cash flows. The Company adopted this standard in 2018 on a retrospective basis with no significant impact on its results of operations, financial position or cash flows.

4.
Revenues
The majority of the Company's revenues are derived from the sale of plant products (butane and propane) and condensate, under spot and term agreements with customers in the various international locations.
In 2019, sales to Geogas Trading S.A. and Mitsui & Co. Energy Trading Singapore Pte Ltd., accounted for approximately 62% and 12%, respectively, of total revenues. In 2018, sales to Vitol SA and Philia

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

10


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


Trading PTE Ltd, accounted for approximately 55% and 13%, respectively, of total revenues. In 2017, sales to Vitol SA accounted for approximately 69% of total revenues.
The pricing in the hydrocarbon sales agreements are variable, determined using various published benchmarks which are adjusted for negotiated quality and location differentials. As a result, revenue collected under these agreements with customers is highly dependent on the market conditions and may fluctuate considerably as the hydrocarbon market prices rise or fall. Typically, customers pay the Company monthly, within a short period of time after delivery of the hydrocarbon products. As such, the Company does not have any financing element associated with contracts.
The entire consideration amount is variable due to pricing and/or volumes. The Company recognizes revenue in the amount of variable consideration allocated to distinct units of hydrocarbons transferred to a customer. Such allocation reflects the amount of total consideration the Company expects to collect for completed deliveries of hydrocarbons and the terms of variable payment relate specifically to efforts to satisfy the performance obligations under these contracts. The Company's performance obligations under the hydrocarbon sales agreements are to deliver specified contractual volumes of hydrocarbons.
Condensate
All of the condensate is sold in cargo deals through MOM. Under the provisions of the new revenue standard, the Company determined that MOM acts as a marketing agent, and for that reason, the Company no longer recognizes related party revenues starting in 2019. The condensate revenue is now recognized as third-party sales once product title is conveyed by MOM to the final buyer at the permanent flange of the buyer’s vessel where the Company satisfies all of the performance obligations and customers take control of the condensate.
Plant Products
Substantially all of the plant products are sold directly to third parties under one- to two-year term contracts. The plant product revenue is recognized once product title is conveyed to the buyer at the flange connection of the buyer’s vessel where the Company satisfies all of the performance obligations and the customer takes control of the plant products.

5.
Inventory
Inventory as of December 31, 2019 and 2018 is summarized as follows:
(in thousands of dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
 
 
 
 
Materials and supplies
 
$
35,158

 
$
35,230

Liquid hydrocarbon products
 
1,910

 
444

 
 
$
37,068

 
$
35,674

 
 
 
 
 

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

11


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


6.
Income Taxes
For income tax purposes, Alba Plant LLC is treated as a local corporation and is only subject to local income taxes in accordance with the PMA between The Republic of Equatorial Guinea and Alba Plant LLC dated January 22, 1996. The Company’s effective tax rate for 2019, 2018 and 2017 was 25%. Income before income taxes for Alba Plant LLC was $197 million, $327 million and $324 million for 2019, 2018 and 2017 respectively.
The provision for income tax expense comprises:
(in thousands of dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Current tax expense
 
$
49,338

 
$
83,748

 
$
74,325

Deferred tax expense (benefit)
 
82

 
(1,739
)
 
6,827

 
 
$
49,420

 
$
82,009

 
$
81,152

The deferred tax assets and deferred tax liability resulted from the following:
(in thousands of dollars)
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
 
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets
 
 
 
 
Government royalty - net profit interest
 
$
4,355

 
$
7,030

 
 
$
4,355

 
$
7,030

Deferred tax liability
 
 
 
 
Facility cost
 
$
49,543

 
$
52,136

 
 
$
49,543

 
$
52,136

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Net deferred tax liabilities
 
$
45,188

 
$
45,106

As of December 31, 2019 the Company's income tax returns for Equatorial Guinea remain subject to examination for the tax years 2007-2018. As of December 31, 2019 and 2018 there are no uncertain tax positions.

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

12


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


7. Related Party Transactions
Related parties include:
Alba Associates LLC and Sonagas, the Company’s owners;

Samedan, EG LPG, EG Alba, MEGPL, and EG Offshore, the owners in Alba Associates LLC; and

MOM, Equatorial Guinea LNG Train1, S.A. (“EG LNG”) and other affiliates of Marathon Oil Corporation (“Marathon”), which is the ultimate owner of several of the owners of Alba Associates LLC.

The Company enters into certain sales and purchases and has certain accounts receivable and accounts payable with related parties arising in the normal course of business. Accounts receivable, less allowance for doubtful accounts and accounts payable associated with related parties at December 31, 2019 and 2018, consist of the following:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
2019
 
2018*
(in thousands of dollars)
 
Receivable from
 
Payable to
 
Receivable from
 
Payable to
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sonagas
 
$
285

 
$

 
$
1,052

 
$

MOM
 
8,607

 

 
9,472

 

EG LNG
 
30

 
36

 

 

MEGPL
 
458

 
12,275

 
17

 
7,434

Marathon
 
25

 
7

 
24

 
37

 
 
$
9,405

 
$
12,318

 
$
10,565

 
$
7,471

Plant products-related parties revenue for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, relate to LPG sold to Sonagas, and propane sold to EG LNG.
Condensate-related parties revenue for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, relates to sales of condensate to MOM.
Other sales-related parties for the years ended December 31, 2018 and 2017, relates to terminal fees on condensate sold to MOM.
The Company purchases its feed gas from gas produced under the Alba PSC at a rate of $0.25/mmbtu as specified in the PMA. MEGPL, the operator of Alba PSC, collects the funds related to the feed gas sales.
Direct operating expenses-related parties for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, were costs incurred by MEGPL for the operation of the plant and billed to the Company in accordance with the Technical and Administrative Services Agreement. This agreement is effective through 120

*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

13


Alba Plant LLC
Notes to Financial Statements
December 31, 2019, 2018* and 2017
 


days after processing activities have terminated, as defined by the agreement. Additionally, the Company has agreed to pay an overhead fee to MEGPL equal to 1% of all cost incurred in support of plant operations.
Shipping and handling services, and general and administrative services are provided primarily by MEGPL. These services are charged to the Company at cost.
8.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company’s financial instruments consist of cash and cash equivalents, receivables and short-term payables. The carrying amounts approximate fair market value due to the highly liquid nature of the short-term instruments.
9.
Dividends
In accordance with the Alba Plant Members’ Agreement, all available funds, as defined in the agreement, are distributed to the Company’s owners on the basis of their respective ownership. Dividends distributed in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $152 million, $335 million and $242 million, respectively. Dividends per share in 2019, 2018 and 2017 were $152 thousand, $335 thousand and $242 thousand, respectively.
10.
Contingencies
Various local laws and regulations affect the Company’s operations and costs. Management believes that the Company is in substantial compliance with all applicable local laws and regulations and that the ultimate resolution of any claims or legal proceedings, if any, instituted against the Company will not have a material effect on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
11.
Subsequent Events
Events and transactions subsequent to the balance sheet date have been evaluated through February 20, 2020, the date these financial statements were issued, for potential recognition or disclosure in the financial statements.



*Year ended December 31, 2018 is not covered by auditor's report.

14