BY-LAWS
,
AS AMENDED
ARTICLE
I
OFFICES
Section
1. The
registered office shall be in the City of Dover, County of Kent, State of
Delaware.
Section
2. The
Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without
the State of Delaware as the board of directors may from time to time determine
or the business of the
corporation
Corporation may
require.
ARTICLE
II
MEETINGS
OF STOCKHOLDERS
Section
1. All
meetings of the stockholders for the election of directors shall be held at
such
place either within or without the State of Delaware as shall be designated
from
time to time by the board of directors and stated in the notice of the
meeting. Meetings of stockholders for any other purpose may be held
at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be
stated in the notice of the meeting or in a duly executed waiver of notice
thereof.
Section
2. Annual
meetings of stockholders, commencing with the year
1986,
2008,
shall be held on the
third
last Wednesday
of
May
in April, if not a legal holiday, and if a legal holiday, then on
the next secular day following, at
11:00 a.m.
4:00 p.m., or at
such other date and time as shall be designated from time to time by the board
of directors and stated in the notice of the meeting, at which they shall
elect by a plurality vote a board of directors, and transact such
other business as may properly be brought before the meeting.
Section
3. Written
notice of the annual meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting
shall be given to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting not less
than ten nor more than fifty days before the date of the meeting.
Section
4. The
officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the
corporation
Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten
days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders
entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing
the
address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name
of
each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any
stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business
hours, for a period of at least ten days prior to the meeting, either at a
place
within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified
in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the
meeting is to be held. In the event that the Corporation determines
to make the list available on an electronic network, the Corporation may take
reasonable steps to ensure that such information is available only to the
stockholders of the Corporation. The list shall also be produced and
kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and
may
be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Section
5. Special
meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise
prescribed by statute or by the certificate of incorporation, may be called
by
the president and shall be called by the president or secretary at the request
in writing of a majority of the board of directors, or at the request in writing
of stockholders owning a majority in an amount of the entire capital stock
of
the
corporation
Corporation issued and outstanding and entitled
to vote. Such request shall state the purpose or purposes of the
proposed meeting.
Section
6. Written
notice of a special meeting stating the place, date and hour of the meeting
and
the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called, shall be given not
less
than ten nor more than fifty days before the date of the meeting, to each
stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting.
Section
7. Business
transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the
purposes stated in the notice.
Section
8. The
holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote
thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum
at
all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business except as
otherwise provided by statute or by the
certificate
of incorporation. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or
represented at any meeting of the stockholders, the stockholders entitled to
vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to
adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement
at
the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such
adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented any business
may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally
notified. If the adjournment is for more than thirty days, or if
after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting,
a
notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record
entitled to vote at the meeting.
Section
9. When
a quorum is present at any meeting, the vote of the holders of a majority of
the
stock having voting power present in person or represented by proxy shall decide
any question brought before such meeting, unless the question is one upon which
by express provision of the statutes
or
, of the certificate of
incorporation or of these by-laws, a different vote is required in which case
such express provision shall govern and control the decision or such
question.
Section
10. Each
holder of common stock of the
corporation
Corporation shall at
every meeting of the stockholders be entitled to one vote in person or by proxy
for each share of capital stock having voting power held by such
stockholder. Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of
stockholders may authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder
by proxy, but no proxy shall be valid after three years from the date of its
execution, unless a longer time is expressly provided
therein. Without limiting the manner in which a stockholder may
authorize another person or persons to act for such stockholder as proxy
pursuant to the immediately preceding sentence, a stockholder may validly grant
such authority (a) by executing a writing authorizing another person or persons
to act for such stockholder as proxy or (b) by authorizing another person or
persons to act for such stockholder as proxy by transmitting or authorizing
the
transmission of a telegram, cablegram, or other means of electronic
submission
transmission to the person who will be the holder of
the proxy or to a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization
or
like agent duly authorized by the person who will be the holder of the proxy
to
receive the submission, provided that any such telegram, cablegram or other
means of electronic
submission
transmission must either contain
or be accompanied by information from which it can be determined that the
telegram, cablegram or other electronic
submission
transmission
was transmitted by or authorized by the stockholder, or by any other method
allowed under the Delaware General Corporation Law, as amended (the “Delaware
Corporation Law”).
Section
11. Any
action required to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders
of
the
corporation
Corporation, or any action which may be taken at
any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a
meeting, without prior notice and without a vote, if a consent in writing,
setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by the holders of outstanding
stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary
to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled
to
vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of
the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent
shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in
writing.
ARTICLE
III
MEETINGS
OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
Section
1. The
board of directors of the
corporation
Corporation may hold
meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of
Delaware.
Section
2.
The
first meeting of each newly elected board of directors shall be held at such
time and place as shall be fixed by the vote of the stockholders at the annual
meeting and no notice of such meeting shall be necessary to the newly elected
directors in order legally to constitute the meeting, provided a quorum shall
be
present. In the event of the failure of the stockholders to fix the time or
place of such first meeting of the newly elected board of directors, or in
the
event such meeting is not held at the time and place so fixed by the
stockholders, the meeting may be held at such time and place as shall be
specified in a notice given as hereinafter provided for special meetings of
the
board of directors, or as shall be specified in a written waiver signed by
all
of the directors.
Section 3.
Regular meetings of
the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such
place
as shall from time to time be determined by the board and in any manner,
including by means of conference telephone or similar communications, permitted
under the Delaware Corporation Law
, as the same may be from time to time
amended
.
Section
4.
3. Special
meetings of the board may be called by the president on two days' notice to
each
director, either personally or by mail
or by
, telegram or
electronic transmission; special meetings shall be called by the president
or
secretary in like manner and on like notice on the written request of two
directors.
Section
5.
4. At
all meetings of the board, a majority of directors shall constitute a quorum
for
the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present
at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of
directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by
the
certificate of incorporation. If a quorum shall not be present at any
meeting of the board of directors the directors present thereat may adjourn
the
meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the
meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section
6.
5. Unless
otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws,
any
action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of
directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all
members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in
writing or by electronic transmission, and the writing or writings or electronic
transmission or electronic transmissions are filed with the minutes of
proceedings of the board or committee.
COMMITTEE
OF DIRECTORS
Section
7.
6. The
board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board,
designate one or more committees, each committee to consist of one or more
of
the directors of the
corporation.
Corporation. The
board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee,
who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the
committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a
committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not
disqualified from voting, whether or not he, she or they constitute a quorum,
may unanimously appoint another member of the board of directors to act at
the
meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any
such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of
directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the
board
of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation
Corporation, and may authorize the seal of the
corporation
Corporation to be affixed to all papers
which may
require it; but no such committee shall have the power or authority in reference
to amending the certificate of incorporation, adopting an agreement of merger
or
consolidation, recommending to the stockholders the sale, lease or exchange
of
all or substantially all of the
corporation
Corporation's
property and assets, recommending to the stockholders a dissolution of the
corporation
Corporation or a revocation of a dissolution, or
amending the by-laws of the
corporation
Corporation; and, unless
the resolution so provides, no such committee shall have the power or authority
to declare a dividend or to authorize the issuance of stock. Such
committee or committees shall have such name or names as may be determined
from
time to time by resolution adopted by the board of directors.
Section
8.
7. Each
committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to
the
board of directors when required.
COMPENSATION
OF DIRECTORS
Section
9.
8. The
board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of
directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, of
attendance at each meeting of the board of directors and may be paid a fixed
sum
for attendance at each meeting of the board of directors of a stated salary
as
director. No such payments shall preclude any director from serving
the
corporation
Corporation in any other capacity and receiving
compensation therefor. Members of special or standing committees may
be allowed like compensation for attending committee meetings.
ARTICLE
IV
NOTICES
Section
1. Whenever,
under the provisions of the statutes or of the certificate of incorporation
or
of these by-laws, notice is required to be given to any director or stockholder,
it shall not be construed to mean personal notice, but such notice may be given
in writing, by mail, addressed to such
director
or stockholder, at his or her address as it appears on the records of the
corporation
Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such
notice shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited
in the United States mail. Notice to directors may also be given by
telegram, telex, or similar device or, to the extent permissible under
Section 232 of the Delaware Corporation Law, other electronic transmission
to
the number or address specified in the records of the Corporation.
Section
2. Whenever
any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the statutes or
of
the certificate of incorporation or of these by-laws, a waiver thereof in
writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, or a waiver
by
electronic transmission by the person entitled to notice, whether before or
after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent
thereto.
ARTICLE
V
OFFICERS
Section
1. The
officers of the
corporation
Corporation shall be chosen by the
board of directors and shall be a chairman of the board of directors, a
president, a secretary and a treasurer. The board of directors may
also choose one or more vice-presidents, and one or more assistant secretaries
and assistant treasurers. Any number of offices may be held by the
same person, unless the certificate of incorporation or these by-laws otherwise
provide.
Section
2. The
board of directors at its first meeting after each annual meeting of
stockholders shall choose a chairman of the board, a president, one or more
vice-presidents, a secretary and a treasurer.
Section
3. The
board of directors may appoint such other officers and agents as it shall deem
necessary who shall hold their offices for such terms and shall exercise such
powers and perform such duties as shall be determined from time to time by
the
board.
Section
4. The
salaries of all officers and agents of the
corporation
Corporation shall be fixed by the board of
directors.
Section
5. The
officers of the
corporation
Corporation shall hold office until
their successors are chosen and qualify. Any officer elected or
appointed by the board of directors may be removed at any time by the
affirmative vote of a majority of the board of directors. Any vacancy
occurring in any office of the
corporation
Corporation shall be
filled by the board of directors.
THE
PRESIDENT
Section
6. The
president shall be the chief executive officer of the
corporation
Corporation, shall preside at all meetings of the
stockholders and the board of directors, shall have general and active
management of the business of the
corporation
Corporation and
shall see that all orders and resolutions of the board of directors are carried
into effect.
Section
7. He
shall execute bonds, mortgages and other contracts requiring a seal, under
the
seal of the
corporation
Corporation, except where required or
permitted by law to be otherwise signed and executed and except where the
signing and execution thereof shall be expressly delegated by the board of
directors to some other officer or agent of the
corporation
Corporation.
THE
VICE-PRESIDENTS
Section
8. In
the absence of the president or in the event of his or her inability or refusal
to act, the vice-president (or in the event there be more than one
vice-president, the vice-presidents in the order designated, or in the absence
of any designation, then in the order of their election) shall perform the
duties of the president, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and
be
subject to all the restrictions upon the president. The
vice-presidents shall perform such other duties and have such other powers
as
the board of directors may from time to time prescribe.
THE
SECRETARY AND ASSISTANT SECRETARY
Section
9. The
secretary shall attend all meetings of the board of directors and all meetings
of the stockholders and record all the proceedings of the meetings of the
corporation
Corporation and of the board of directors in a book
to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing
committees when required. He or she shall give, or cause to be given,
notice of all meetings of the stockholders and special meetings of the board
of
directors, and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the
board
of directors or president, under whose supervision he or she shall
be. He or she shall have custody of the corporate seal of the
corporation
Corporation and he, or an assistant secretary, shall
have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it and when so
affixed, it may be attested by his or her signature or by the signature of
such
assistant secretary. The board of directors may give general
authority to any officer to affix the seal of the
corporation
Corporation and to attest the affixing by his or her
signature.
Section
10. The
assistant secretary, or if there be more than one, the assistant secretaries
in
the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be no such
determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence
of
the secretary or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform
the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary and shall perform such
other
duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may from time to
time prescribe.
THE
TREASURER AND ASSISTANT TREASURERS
Section
11. The
treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and
shall
keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging
to the
corporation
Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and
other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the
corporation
Corporation in such depositories as may be
designated by the board of directors.
Section
12.
He or she shall disburse the funds of the
corporation
Corporation as may be ordered by the board of
directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render
to
the president and the board of directors, at its regular meetings, or when
the
board of directors so requires, an account of all his or her transactions as
treasurer and of the financial condition of the
corporation
Corporation.
Section
13. If
required by the board of directors, he or she shall give the
corporation
Corporation a bond (which shall be renewed every six
years) in such sum and with such surety or sureties as shall be satisfactory
to
the board of directors for the faithful performance of the duties of his or
her
office and for the restoration to the
corporation
Corporation,
in case of his or her death, resignation, retirement or removal from office,
of
all books, papers, vouchers, money and other property of whatever kind in his
or
her possession or under his or her control belonging to the
corporation
Corporation.
Section
14. The
assistant treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the assistant
treasurers in the order determined by the board of directors (or if there be
no
such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence
of the treasurer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act,
perform the duties and exercise the powers of the treasurer and shall perform
such other duties and have such other powers as the board of directors may
from
time to time prescribe.
ARTICLE
VI
CERTIFICATES
OF STOCK; UNCERTIFICATED SHARES
Section
1.
Every
Some,
all or any class or series of shares of the Corporation may be uncertificated
shares. Notwithstanding the Corporation’s authority to issue
uncertificated shares, every holder of stock in the
corporation
Corporation shall be entitled to have a certificate,
signed by, or in the name of the
corporation
Corporation by, the
chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the president or a
vice-president and the treasurer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary
or
an assistant secretary of the
corporation
Corporation,
certifying the number of shares owned by him or her in the
corporation.
Corporation. If the
corporation
Corporation shall be authorized to issue
more than
one class of stock or more than one series of any class, the powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set
forth
in full or summarized on the face or back of
the
any certificate
which the
corporation
Corporation shall issue to represent such
class or series of stock, provided that, except as otherwise provided in section
202 of the
General
Delaware Corporation Law
of
Delaware
, in lieu of the foregoing requirements, there may be set forth
in the face or back of
the
any certificate which the
corporation
Corporation shall issue to represent such
class or
series of stock, a statement that the
corporation
Corporation
will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers,
designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special
rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications,
limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
Section
2. Where
a certificate is countersigned (1) by a transfer agent other than the
corporation
Corporation or its employee, or (2) by a registrar
other than the
corporation
Corporation or its employee, any
other signature on the certificate may be facsimile. In case any
officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature
has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,
transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued
by the
corporation
Corporation with the same effect as if he or
she were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of
issue.
LOST
CERTIFICATES
Section
3. The
board of directors may direct a new certificate or certificates to be issued
in
place of any certificate or certificates theretofore issued by the
corporation
Corporation alleged to have been lost, stolen or
destroyed, upon the making of an affidavit of that fact by the person claiming
the certificate of stock to be lost, stolen or destroyed. When
authorizing such issue of a new certificate or certificates, the board of
directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance
thereof, require the owner of such lost, stolen or destroyed certificate or
certificates, or his or her legal representative, to advertise the same in
such
manner as it shall require and/or to give the
corporation
Corporation a bond in such sum as it may direct as
indemnity against any claim that may be made against the
corporation
Corporation with respect to the certificate alleged
to have been lost, stolen or destroyed.
TRANSFER
OF STOCK
Section
4. Upon
surrender to the
corporation
Corporation or the transfer agent
of the
corporation
Corporation of a certificate for shares duly
endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or
authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the
corporation
Corporation to issue a new certificate to the person
entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction upon
its
books. The board of directors may make such additional rules and
regulations concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates
for
shares or uncertificated shares as it may deem necessary but that are not
inconsistent with these by-laws.
FIXING
RECORD DATE
Section
5. In
order that the
corporation
Corporation may determine the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders
or
any adjournment thereof, or to express consent to corporate action in writing
without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other
distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights
in
respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose
of
any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record
date, which shall not be more than sixty nor less than ten days before the
date
of such meeting, nor more than sixty days prior to any other
action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice
of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of
the
meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record
date for the adjourned meeting.
Section
6. If
no record date is fixed by the board of directors with regard to determining
the
stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders
or
any adjournment thereof, the record date shall be at the close of business
on
the next day preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is
waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which
the
meeting is held. If no record date is fixed by the Board of Directors
with regard to determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate
action without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is
required by the certificate of incorporation of the Corporation or by statute,
the record date shall be the first date on which a signed written consent
setting forth the action taken or proposed to be taken is delivered in the
manner required by law to the Corporation at its registered office in the State
of Delaware or at its principal place of business or to an officer or agent
of
the Corporation having custody of the book in which proceedings of meetings
of
the Corporation’s stockholders are recorded; and if no record date has been
fixed by the board of directors and prior action by the board of directors
is
required by the certificate of incorporation or by statute, the record date
for
determining stockholders entitled to consent to corporate action without a
meeting shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of
directors adopts the resolution taking such prior action. If no
record date is fixed by the board of directors with regard to determining
stockholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution
or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of
any
change, conversion or exchange of stock, or for the purpose of any other lawful
action, the record date shall be at the close of business on the day on which
the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
Section
7. Only
those who shall be stockholders of record on the record date so fixed as
aforesaid shall be entitled to such notice of, and to vote at, such meeting
and
any adjournment thereof, or to consent to such corporate action in writing,
or
to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any
rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion
or exchange of stock, as the case may be, notwithstanding the transfer of any
stock on the books of the Corporation after the applicable record
date.
REGISTERED
STOCKHOLDERS
Section
6.
8. The
corporation
Corporation shall be entitled to recognize
the
exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares
to
receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, a person registered on its books
as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or
other claim to or interest in such share of shares on the part of any other
person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except
as
otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE
VII
GENERAL
PROVISIONS
DIVIDENDS
Section
1. Dividends
upon the capital stock of the
corporation
Corporation, subject
to the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, if any, may be declared
by the board of directors at any regular or special meeting, pursuant to
law. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the
capital stock, subject to the provisions of the certificate of
incorporation.
Section
2. Before
payment of any dividend, there may be set aside out of any funds of the
corporation
Corporation available for dividends such sum or sums
as the directors from time to time, in their absolute discretion, think proper
as a reserve or reserves to meet contingencies, or for equalizing dividends,
or
for repairing or maintaining any property of the
corporation
Corporation, or for such other purpose as the
directors shall think conducive to the interest of the
corporation
Corporation, and the directors may modify or abolish
any such reserve in the manner in which it was created.
CHECKS
Section
3. All
checks or demands for money and notes of the
corporation
Corporation shall be signed by such officer or
officers or such other person or persons as the board of directors may from
time
to time designate.
FISCAL
YEAR
Section
4. The
fiscal year of the
corporation
Corporation shall be fixed by
resolution of the board of directors.
SEAL
Section
5. The
corporate seal shall have inscribed thereon the name of the
corporation
Corporation, the year of its organization and the
words "Corporate Seal, Delaware." The seal may be used by causing it
or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or
otherwise.
ELECTRONIC
TRANSMISSIONS
Section
6. For
purposes of these by-laws, “electronic transmission” means any form of
communication, not directly involving the physical transmission of paper, that
creates a record that may be retained, retrieved, and reviewed by a recipient,
and that may be directly reproduced in paper form by such recipient through
an
automated process.
ARTICLE
VIII
AMENDMENTS
Section
1. These
by-laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new by-laws may be adopted by
the
stockholders or by the board of directors at any regular meeting of the board
of
directors or of the stockholders or at any special meeting of the board of
directors or of the stockholders, if notice of such alteration, amendment,
repeal or adoption of new by-laws be contained in the notice of such special
meeting of the stockholders.