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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 
FORM 10-Q 
(Mark One)
☒
Quarterly Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 or
☐Transition Report pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 for the transition period from __________ to __________

Commission File Number 001-34218
COGNEX CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Massachusetts 04-2713778
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)		 (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

One Vision Drive
Natick, Massachusetts 01760-2059
(508) 650-3000
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of principal executive offices)


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each classTrading Symbol(s)Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.002 per shareCGNXThe NASDAQ Stock Market LLC


Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.  
 Yes☒   No☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).
 Yes☒   No☐  

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act (Check one):
Large accelerated filer☒  Accelerated filer☐
Non-accelerated filer☐  Smaller reporting company☐
Emerging growth company☐


If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).    
 Yes☐   No☒  
As of June 30, 2024, there were 171,500,835 shares of Common Stock, $.002 par value per share, of the registrant outstanding.


INDEX
 
PART IFINANCIAL INFORMATION
Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023

2

PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1: FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except per share amounts)
 
 Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
 (unaudited)(unaudited)
Revenue$239,292 $242,512 $450,089 $443,636 
Cost of revenue72,693 62,829 141,553 120,213 
Gross margin166,599 179,683 308,536 323,423 
Research, development, and engineering expenses34,962 33,585 72,067 72,127 
Selling, general, and administrative expenses93,180 83,423 183,808 166,460 
Loss (recovery) from fire (Note 17)— (2,500)— (2,500)
Operating income38,457 65,175 52,661 87,336 
Foreign currency gain (loss)(181)(1,605)(135)(1,211)
Investment income3,116 4,095 6,236 7,682 
Other income (expense)176 112 372 185 
Income before income tax expense41,568 67,777 59,134 93,992 
Income tax expense5,356 10,303 10,900 10,903 
Net income$36,212 $57,474 $48,234 $83,089 
Net income per weighted-average common and common-equivalent share:
Basic$0.21 $0.33 $0.28 $0.48 
Diluted$0.21 $0.33 $0.28 $0.48 
Weighted-average common and common-equivalent shares outstanding:
Basic171,568 172,429 171,630 172,527 
Diluted172,733 173,622 172,699 173,791 
Cash dividends per common share$0.075 $0.070 $0.150 $0.140 













 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
3

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
 
 Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
 (unaudited)(unaudited)
Net income$36,212 $57,474 $48,234 $83,089 
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax:
Available-for-sale investments:
Net unrealized gain (loss), net of tax of $336 and $(584) in the three-month periods, and net of tax of $453 and $1,274 in the six-month periods, respectively
1,020 (1,706)1,379 3,720 
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale investments into current operations10 — 8 — 
Net change related to available-for-sale investments1,030 (1,706)1,387 3,720 
Foreign currency translation adjustments:
Foreign currency translation adjustments(10,247)(2,866)(26,403)(3,225)
Net change related to foreign currency translation adjustments(10,247)(2,866)(26,403)(3,225)
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of tax(9,217)(4,572)(25,016)495 
Total comprehensive income (loss)$26,995 $52,902 $23,218 $83,584 



















The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
4

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(In thousands)
 
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
 (unaudited) 
ASSETS
Current assets:
Cash and cash equivalents$176,626 $202,655 
Current investments, amortized cost of $114,177 and $132,799 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, allowance for credit losses of $0 in 2024 and 2023
112,449 129,392 
Accounts receivable, allowance for credit losses of $665 and $583 in 2024 and 2023, respectively
159,305 114,164 
Unbilled revenue1,858 2,402 
Inventories157,255 162,285 
Prepaid expenses and other current assets73,524 68,099 
Total current assets681,017 678,997 
Non-current investments, amortized cost of $272,613 and $250,790 in 2024 and 2023, respectively, allowance for credit losses of $0 in 2024 and 2023
266,214 244,230 
Property, plant, and equipment, net102,997 105,849 
Operating lease assets71,283 75,115 
Goodwill381,042 393,181 
Intangible assets, net98,548 112,952 
Deferred income taxes396,723 400,400 
Other assets6,260 7,088 
Total assets$2,004,084 $2,017,812 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Current liabilities:
Accounts payable$22,617 $21,454 
Accrued expenses75,405 72,374 
Accrued income taxes20,827 16,907 
Deferred revenue and customer deposits40,529 31,525 
Operating lease liabilities9,405 9,624 
Total current liabilities168,783 151,884 
Non-current operating lease liabilities64,778 68,977 
Deferred income taxes233,798 246,877 
Reserve for income taxes28,826 26,685 
Non-current accrued income taxes— 18,338 
Other liabilities1,169 299 
Total liabilities497,354 513,060 
Commitments and contingencies (Note 10)
Shareholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $.01 par value – Authorized: 400 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively; no shares issued and outstanding
— — 
Common stock, $.002 par value – Authorized: 300,000 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively; issued and outstanding: 171,501 and 171,599 shares in 2024 and 2023, respectively
343 343 
Additional paid-in capital1,061,597 1,037,202 
Retained earnings515,142 512,543 
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax(70,352)(45,336)
Total shareholders’ equity1,506,730 1,504,752 
Total liabilities and shareholders' equity$2,004,084 $2,017,812 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
5

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
 Six-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
 (unaudited)
Cash flows from operating activities:
Net income$48,234 $83,089 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
Stock-based compensation expense26,266 29,153 
Depreciation of property, plant, and equipment10,472 8,177 
(Gain) loss on disposal of property, plant, and equipment— (8)
Amortization of intangible assets5,540 1,685 
Excess and obsolete inventory charges1,343 1,443 
Fair value adjustment on acquired inventories (Note 18)1,224 — 
Amortization of discounts or premiums on investments562 1,200 
Realized (gain) loss on sale of investments8 — 
Change in deferred income taxes(7,538)(14,158)
Change in operating assets and liabilities:
Accounts receivable(47,784)(24,420)
Unbilled revenue527 (104)
Inventories1,145 (4,981)
Prepaid expenses and other current assets(6,590)(5,289)
Accounts payable2,786 (989)
Accrued expenses6,234 (9,219)
Accrued income taxes(14,305)(13,684)
Deferred revenue and customer deposits9,374 3,160 
Other3,908 2,347 
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities41,406 57,402 
Cash flows from investing activities:
Purchases of investments(269,860)(94,060)
Maturities and sales of investments266,090 115,761 
Purchases of property, plant, and equipment(8,571)(10,207)
Net payments related to business acquisitions (Note 18)(1,444)— 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(13,785)11,494 
Cash flows from financing activities:
Net payments from issuance of common stock under stock plans(1,871)2,655 
Repurchase of common stock(19,879)(49,163)
Payment of dividends(25,756)(24,160)
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities(47,506)(70,668)
Effect of foreign exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents(6,144)(2,117)
Net change in cash and cash equivalents(26,029)(3,889)
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period202,655 181,374 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period$176,626 $177,485 









The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
6

COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 SharesPar Value
Balance as of March 31, 2024171,662 $343 $1,047,643 $502,338 $(61,135)$1,489,189 
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans81 — 990 — — 990 
Repurchase of common stock(242)— — (10,540)— (10,540)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 12,964 — — 12,964 
Payment of dividends ($0.075 per common share)
— — — (12,868)— (12,868)
Net income— — — 36,212 — 36,212 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $336
— — — — 1,020 1,020 
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale investments— — — — 10 10 
Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — (10,247)(10,247)
Balance as of June 30, 2024 (unaudited)
171,501 $343 $1,061,597 $515,142 $(70,352)$1,506,730 

 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 SharesPar Value
Balance as of April 2, 2023172,601 $345 $992,690 $517,526 $(64,230)$1,446,331 
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans179 1 5,709 — — 5,710 
Repurchase of common stock(487)(1)— (24,984)— (24,985)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 12,574 — — 12,574 
Payment of dividends ($0.070 per common share)
— — — (12,069)— (12,069)
Net income— — — 57,474 — 57,474 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $(584)
— — — — (1,706)(1,706)
Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — (2,866)(2,866)
Balance as of July 2, 2023 (unaudited)
172,293 $345 $1,010,973 $537,947 $(68,802)$1,480,463 








The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
7


COGNEX CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(In thousands)
 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 SharesPar Value
Balance as of December 31, 2023
171,599 $343 $1,037,202 $512,543 $(45,336)$1,504,752 
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans375 — (1,871)— — (1,871)
Repurchase of common stock(473)— — (19,879)— (19,879)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 26,266 — — 26,266 
Payment of dividends ($0.150 per common share)
— — — (25,756)— (25,756)
Net income— — — 48,234 — 48,234 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $453
— — — — 1,379 1,379 
Reclassification of net realized (gain) loss on the sale of available-for-sale investments— — — — 8 8 
Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — (26,403)(26,403)
Balance as of June 30, 2024 (unaudited)
171,501 $343 $1,061,597 $515,142 $(70,352)$1,506,730 

 Common StockAdditional
Paid-in Capital		Retained EarningsAccumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss		Total
Shareholders’
Equity
 SharesPar Value
Balance as of December 31, 2022
172,631 $345 $979,167 $528,179 $(69,297)$1,438,394 
Net issuance of common stock under stock plans628 2 2,653 — — 2,655 
Repurchase of common stock(966)(2)— (49,161)— (49,163)
Stock-based compensation expense— — 29,153 — — 29,153 
Payment of dividends ($0.140 per common share)
— — — (24,160)— (24,160)
Net income— — — 83,089 — 83,089 
Net unrealized gain (loss) on available-for-sale investments, net of tax of $1,274
— — — — 3,720 3,720 
Foreign currency translation adjustment— — — — (3,225)(3,225)
Balance as of July 2, 2023 (unaudited)
172,293 $345 $1,010,973 $537,947 $(68,802)$1,480,463 











The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
8

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

NOTE 1: Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
As permitted by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission applicable to Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, these notes are condensed and do not contain all disclosures required by generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP). Reference should be made to the consolidated financial statements and related notes included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 for a full description of other significant accounting policies.
In the opinion of the management of Cognex Corporation (the "Company"), the accompanying consolidated unaudited financial statements contain all adjustments, consisting of normal, recurring adjustments, adjustments related to losses and recoveries from the fire at the Company's primary contract manufacturer (Note 17), and financial statement reclassifications necessary to present fairly the Company’s financial position as of June 30, 2024, and the results of its operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023, and changes in shareholders’ equity, comprehensive income, and cash flows for the periods presented.
The results disclosed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for the full year.
NOTE 2: New Pronouncements
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures"
The amendments in this ASU apply to all entities that are subject to Topic 740, Income Taxes. The amendments require public business entities to disclose specific categories in their rate reconciliation and provide additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold. They also require all entities to disclose income taxes paid, net of refunds received, disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign taxes and by individual jurisdictions in which income taxes paid, net of refunds received, are equal to or greater than five percent of total income taxes paid. For public business entities, the amendments in this ASU are effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in this ASU should be applied on a prospective basis. Management does not expect ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.
Accounting Standards Update (ASU) 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures"
The amendments in this ASU apply to all public entities, including public entities with a single reportable segment, that are required to report segment information in accordance with Topic 280, Segment Reporting. The amendments require public business entities to provide in interim and annual periods one or more measures of segment profit or loss used by the chief operating decision maker to allocate resources and assess performance. Additionally, the amendments require disclosure of significant segment expenses and other segment items, as well as incremental qualitative disclosures. The amendments in this ASU are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. The amendments in the ASU should be applied on a retrospective basis. We did not early adopt ASU 2023-07. Management does not expect ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on the Company's financial statements and disclosures.

9

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 3: Fair Value Measurements
Financial Assets and Liabilities that are Measured at Fair Value on a Recurring Basis
The following table summarizes the financial assets and liabilities required to be measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Quoted Prices in
Active Markets
for Identical
Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other
Observable
Inputs (Level 2)		Unobservable Inputs (Level 3)
Assets:
Money market instruments$583 $— $— 
Corporate bonds— 316,342 — 
Treasury notes— 45,042 — 
Treasury bills— 26,394 — 
Asset-backed securities— 15,304 — 
Certificate of deposit— 7,601 — 
Sovereign bonds— 1,975 — 
Economic hedge forward contracts— 57 — 
Liabilities:
Economic hedge forward contracts— 152 — 
The Company’s money market instruments are reported at fair value based upon the daily market price for identical assets in active markets, and are therefore classified as Level 1.
The Company’s debt securities and forward contracts are reported at fair value based on model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs are observable or can be derived from or corroborated by observable market data for substantially the full term of the asset or liability, and are therefore classified as Level 2. Management is responsible for estimating the fair value of these financial assets and liabilities, and in doing so, considers valuations provided by a large, third-party pricing service. For debt securities, this service maintains regular contact with market makers, brokers, dealers, and analysts to gather information on market movement, direction, trends, and other specific data. They use this information to structure yield curves for various types of debt securities and arrive at the daily valuations. The Company's forward contracts are typically traded or executed in over-the-counter markets with a high degree of pricing transparency. The market participants are generally large commercial banks.
Non-financial Assets that are Measured at Fair Value on a Non-recurring Basis
Non-financial assets, such as property, plant and equipment, operating lease assets, goodwill, and intangible assets, are required to be measured at fair value only when an impairment loss is recognized. The Company did not record impairment charges related to non-financial assets during the three-month or six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 or July 2, 2023.
10

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 4: Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Investments
Cash, cash equivalents, and investments consisted of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Cash$141,508 $183,242 
Treasury bills26,934 — 
Certificate of deposit7,601 — 
Money market instruments583 19,413 
Cash and cash equivalents176,626 202,655 
Corporate bonds103,654 124,851 
Asset-backed securities5,346 3,551 
Treasury notes2,449 — 
Sovereign bonds1,000 990 
Current investments112,449 129,392 
Corporate bonds212,688 183,965 
Treasury notes42,593 43,523 
Asset-backed securities9,958 15,763 
Sovereign bonds975 979 
Non-current investments266,214 244,230 
$555,289 $576,277 
Corporate bonds consist of debt securities issued by both domestic and foreign companies; asset-backed securities consist of debt securities collateralized by pools of receivables or loans with credit enhancement; treasury notes consist of debt securities issued by the U.S. government; and sovereign bonds consist of direct debt issued by foreign governments. All of the Company's securities as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023 were denominated in U.S. Dollars.
Accrued interest receivable is recorded in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amounted to $4,383,000 and $3,169,000 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair Value
Current:
Corporate bonds$105,250 $— $(1,596)$103,654 
Asset-backed securities5,426 — (80)5,346 
Treasury notes2,500 (51)2,449 
Sovereign bonds1,001 — (1)1,000 
Non-current:
Corporate bonds217,537 73 (4,922)212,688 
Treasury notes43,362 — (769)42,593 
Asset-backed securities10,689 — (731)9,958 
Sovereign bonds1,025 — (50)975 
$386,790 $73 $(8,200)$378,663 
11

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
Amortized
Cost		Gross
Unrealized
Gains		Gross
Unrealized
Losses		Fair Value
Current:
Corporate bonds$128,150 $— $(3,299)$124,851 
Asset-backed securities3,637 — (86)3,551 
Sovereign bonds1,012 — (22)990 
Non-current:
Corporate bonds189,326 506 (5,867)183,965 
Treasury notes43,654 82 (213)43,523 
Asset-backed securities16,773 — (1,010)15,763 
Sovereign bonds1,037 — (58)979 
$383,589 $588 $(10,555)$373,622 
The following table summarizes the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair values for available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
 Unrealized Loss Position For: 
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses		Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses		Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Corporate bonds$93,328 $(962)$203,251 $(5,556)$296,579 $(6,518)
Treasury notes22,107 (284)22,936 (536)45,043 (820)
Asset-backed securities9,599 (716)5,705 (95)15,304 (811)
Sovereign bonds— — 1,974 (51)1,974 (51)
$125,034 $(1,962)$233,866 $(6,238)$358,900 $(8,200)
The following table summarizes the Company’s gross unrealized losses and fair values for available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position as of December 31, 2023 (in thousands):
 Unrealized Loss Position For: 
 Less than 12 Months12 Months or GreaterTotal
 Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses		Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses		Fair ValueUnrealized
Losses
Corporate bonds$30,770 $(359)$226,643 $(8,807)$257,413 $(9,166)
Treasury notes20,725 (153)2,441 (60)23,166 (213)
Asset-backed securities17,062 (1,049)2,252 (47)19,314 (1,096)
Sovereign bonds— — 1,968 (80)1,968 (80)
$68,557 $(1,561)$233,304 $(8,994)$301,861 $(10,555)
Management monitors debt securities that are in an unrealized loss position to determine whether a loss exists related to the credit quality of the issuer. When developing an estimate of expected credit losses, management considers all relevant information including historical experience, current conditions, and reasonable forecasts of expected future cash flows. Based on this evaluation, no allowance for credit losses on debt securities was recorded as of June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023. Management currently intends to hold these securities to full value recovery at maturity.
12

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the Company's gross realized gains and losses on the sale of debt securities for the three-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023 (in thousands):
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Gross realized gains$6 $— $8 $— 
Gross realized losses(16)— (16)— 
Net realized gains (losses)$(10)$— $(8)$— 
Realized gains and losses are included in "Investment income" on the Consolidated Statements of Operations. Prior to the sale of these securities, unrealized gains and losses for these debt securities, net of tax, were recorded in shareholders’ equity as accumulated other comprehensive income (loss).
The following table presents the effective maturity dates of the Company’s available-for-sale investments as of June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
<1 year1-2 Years2-3 Years3-4 Years4-5 Years5-8 YearsTotal
Corporate bonds$103,654 $59,638 $57,273 $61,410 $34,367 $— $316,342 
Treasury notes2,449 987 18,909 22,697 — 45,042 
Asset-backed securities5,346 4,060 — — 2,162 3,736 15,304 
Sovereign bonds1,000 975 — — — — 1,975 
$112,449 $65,660 $76,182 $84,107 $36,529 $3,736 $378,663 

NOTE 5: Inventories
Inventories consisted of the following (in thousands):
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Raw materials$97,031 $93,201 
Work-in-process4,344 5,747 
Finished goods55,880 63,337 
$157,255 $162,285 
NOTE 6: Leases
The Company's leases are primarily leased properties across different worldwide locations where the Company conducts its operations. All of these leases are classified as operating leases. Certain leases may contain options to extend or terminate the lease at the Company's sole discretion. As of June 30, 2024, there were no options to terminate and twenty options to extend that were accounted for in the determination of the lease term for the Company's outstanding leases. Certain leases contain leasehold improvement incentives, retirement obligations, escalating clauses, rent holidays, and variable payments tied to a consumer price index. There were no restrictions or covenants for outstanding leases as of June 30, 2024.
The total operating lease expense for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $3,474,000 and $7,037,000, respectively. The total operating lease cash payments for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 were $3,406,000 and $6,614,000, respectively. The total lease expense for leases with a term of twelve months or less for which the Company elected not to recognize a lease asset or lease liability for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $57,000 and $139,000, respectively.
13

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The total operating lease expense for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $2,639,000 and $5,031,000, respectively. The total operating lease cash payments for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 were $2,364,000 and $4,768,000, respectively. The total lease expense for leases with a term of twelve months or less for which the Company elected not to recognize a lease asset or lease liability for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $136,000 and $160,000, respectively.
Future operating lease cash payments are as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2024$6,876 
202512,011 
20269,944 
20279,107 
20288,659 
20298,078 
Thereafter44,328 
$99,003 
The discounted present value of the future lease cash payments resulted in a total lease liability of $74,183,000 and $78,601,000 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively. The Company did not have any leases that had not yet commenced but that created significant rights and obligations as of June 30, 2024.
The Company leases a building in Singapore that serves as a distribution center for customers in Asia. The lease contains two components: an 88,000 square-foot premises that had a commencement date in June of 2023 and a second 27,000 square-foot premises that does not commence until the fourth quarter of 2025. Accordingly, the second component of the lease has not yet been recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, nor has it created any significant rights and obligations as of June 30, 2024. This second lease component has an original term of eight years and the Company has the right and option to extend this term by an additional five years, commencing upon the expiration of the original term. Future payment obligations associated with this lease component total $13,231,000, none of which is payable in 2024 and which reflects the estimated extension period of five years. Future payment obligations related to this lease component are not included in the future operating lease cash payments table above.
The weighted-average discount rate was 5.7% for the leases outstanding as of both June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023. The weighted-average remaining lease term was 10.2 and 10.5 years for the leases outstanding as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
NOTE 7: Goodwill
The changes in the carrying value of goodwill were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2023$393,181 
  Foreign exchange rate changes(12,139)
Balance as of June 30, 2024$381,042 
14

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 8: Intangible Assets
Amortized intangible assets consisted of the following (in thousands):
Gross
Carrying
Value		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Value
Customer relationships$70,394 $(7,753)$62,641 
Completed technologies58,612 (23,401)35,211 
Trademarks792 (176)616 
Non-compete agreements340 (260)80 
Balance as of June 30, 2024$130,138 $(31,590)$98,548 
 Gross
Carrying
Value		Accumulated
Amortization		Net
Carrying
Value
Customer relationships$75,965 $(5,352)$70,613 
Completed technologies62,123 (20,745)41,378 
Trademarks903 (50)853 
Non-compete agreements340 (232)108 
Balance as of December 31, 2023$139,331 $(26,379)$112,952 
As of June 30, 2024, estimated future amortization expense related to intangible assets was as follows (in thousands):
Year Ended December 31,Amount
Remainder of fiscal 2024$5,247 
202510,267 
20269,918 
20278,976 
20288,246 
20298,246 
Thereafter47,648 
$98,548 
NOTE 9: Warranty Obligations
The Company records the estimated cost of fulfilling product warranties at the time of sale based upon historical costs to fulfill claims. Obligations may also be recorded subsequent to the time of sale whenever specific events or changes in circumstances impacting product quality become known that would not have been taken into account using historical data. While we engage in extensive product quality programs and processes, including actively monitoring and evaluating the quality of our component suppliers and third-party contract manufacturers, the Company’s warranty obligation is affected by product failure rates, material usage, and service delivery costs incurred in correcting a product failure. An adverse change in any of these factors may result in the need for additional warranty provisions. Warranty obligations are included in “Accrued expenses” on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The changes in the warranty obligation were as follows (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2023$4,244 
Provisions for warranties issued during the period2,120 
Fulfillment of warranty obligations(1,990)
Foreign exchange rate changes(20)
Balance as of June 30, 2024$4,354 
15

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 10: Commitments and Contingencies
As of June 30, 2024, the Company had outstanding purchase orders totaling $43,078,000 to procure inventory from various vendors. Certain of these purchase orders may be canceled by the Company, subject to cancellation penalties. These purchase commitments relate primarily to expected sales in the next twelve months.
A significant portion of the Company's outstanding inventory purchase orders as of June 30, 2024, as well as additional preauthorized commitments to procure strategic components based on the Company's expected customer demand, are placed with the Company's primary contract manufacturer for the Company's assembled products. The Company has the obligation to purchase any non-cancelable and non-returnable components that have been purchased by the contract manufacturer with the Company's preauthorization, when these components have not been consumed within the period defined in the terms of the Company's agreement with this contract manufacturer. While the Company typically expects such purchased components to be used in future production of Cognex finished goods, these components are considered in the Company's reserve estimate for excess and obsolete inventory. Furthermore, the Company accrues for losses on commitments for the future purchase of non-cancelable and non-returnable components from this contract manufacturer at the time that circumstances, such as changes in demand, indicate that the value of the components may not be recoverable, the loss is probable, and management has the ability to reasonably estimate the amount of the loss.
Various claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened on behalf of or against the Company. While we cannot predict the outcome of these matters, we believe that any liability arising from them will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.
NOTE 11: Derivative Instruments
The Company’s foreign currency risk management strategy is principally designed to mitigate the potential financial impact of changes in the value of transactions and balances denominated in foreign currencies resulting from changes in foreign currency exchange rates. The Company enters into economic hedges utilizing foreign currency forward contracts with maturities that do not exceed approximately three months to manage the exposure to fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates arising primarily from foreign-denominated receivables and payables. The gains and losses on these derivatives are intended to be offset by the changes in the fair value of the assets and liabilities being hedged. These economic hedges are not designated as hedging instruments for hedge accounting treatment.
The Company had the following outstanding forward contracts (in thousands):
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
CurrencyNotional
Value		USD
Equivalent		Notional
Value		USD
Equivalent
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Singapore Dollar40,700 $30,041 39,700 $30,136 
Euro22,000 23,577 40,000 44,302 
Chinese Renminbi100,000 13,711 50,000 7,025 
Mexican Peso215,000 11,663 145,000 8,505 
Hungarian Forint2,180,000 5,883 2,240,000 6,466 
British Pound3,245 4,112 3,345 4,258 
Japanese Yen600,000 3,750 600,000 4,255 
Swiss Franc1,675 1,875 — — 
Canadian Dollar1,660 1,212 1,470 1,112 

16

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)

Information regarding the fair value of the outstanding forward contracts was as follows (in thousands):
 Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
 BalanceFair ValueBalanceFair Value
 Sheet
Location		June 30, 2024December 31, 2023Sheet
Location		June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Economic hedge forward contractsPrepaid expenses and other current assets$57 $151 Accrued expenses$152 $106 

The following table presents the gross activity for all derivative assets and liabilities which were presented on a net basis on the Consolidated Balance Sheets due to the right of offset with each counterparty (in thousands):
Asset DerivativesLiability Derivatives
June 30, 2024December 31, 2023June 30, 2024December 31, 2023
Gross amounts of recognized assets$57 $151 Gross amounts of recognized liabilities$152 $106 
Gross amounts offset— — Gross amounts offset— — 
Net amount of assets presented$57 $151 Net amount of liabilities presented$152 $106 

Information regarding the effect of derivative instruments on the consolidated financial statements was as follows (in thousands):
 Location in Financial StatementsThree-months Ended
Six-months Ended
 June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments:
Gains (losses) recognized in current operationsForeign currency gain (loss)$876 $859 $631 $(612)
17

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 12: Revenue Recognition
The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue information by geographic area based upon the customer's country of domicile (in thousands):
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Americas$85,162 $82,297 $168,297 $162,911 
Europe57,151 56,860 109,505 116,702 
Greater China54,410 72,351 84,459 105,351 
Other Asia42,569 31,004 87,828 58,672 
$239,292 $242,512 $450,089 $443,636 

The following table summarizes disaggregated revenue information by revenue type (in thousands):
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Standard products and services$200,856 $194,944 $388,488 $385,727 
Application-specific customer solutions38,436 47,568 61,601 57,909 
$239,292 $242,512 $450,089 $443,636 
Costs to Fulfill a Contract
Costs to fulfill a contract are included in "Prepaid expenses and other current assets" on the Consolidated Balance Sheet and amounted to $11,310,000 and $13,265,000 as of June 30, 2024 and December 31, 2023, respectively.
Accounts Receivable, Contract Assets, and Contract Liabilities
Accounts receivable represent amounts billed and currently due from customers which are reported at their net estimated realizable value. The Company maintains an allowance against its accounts receivable for credit losses. Contract assets consist of unbilled revenue which arises when revenue is recognized in advance of billing for certain application-specific customer solutions contracts. Contract liabilities consist of deferred revenue and customer deposits which arise when amounts are billed to or collected from customers in advance of revenue recognition.
The following table summarizes the allowance for credit losses activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2023$583 
Increases to the allowance for credit losses100 
Write-offs, net of recoveries(19)
Foreign exchange rate changes1 
Balance as of June 30, 2024$665 
18

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
The following table summarizes the deferred revenue and customer deposits activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 (in thousands):
Balance as of December 31, 2023$31,525 
Deferral of revenue billed in the current period, net of recognition30,777 
Recognition of revenue deferred in prior period(21,271)
Foreign exchange rate changes(502)
Balance as of June 30, 2024$40,529 
As a practical expedient, the Company has elected not to disclose the aggregate amount of the transaction price allocated to unsatisfied performance obligations for our contracts that have an original expected duration of less than one year. The remaining unsatisfied performance obligations for our contracts that have an original expected duration of more than one year, primarily related to extended warranties, are not material.
NOTE 13: Stock-Based Compensation Expense
Stock Plans
The Company’s stock-based awards that result in compensation expense consist of stock options, restricted stock units ("RSUs"), and performance restricted stock units ("PRSUs"). In May 2023, the shareholders of the Company approved the Cognex Corporation 2023 Stock Option and Incentive Plan (the “2023 Plan”). The 2023 Plan permits awards of stock options (both incentive and non-qualified options), stock appreciation rights, RSUs, and PRSUs. Up to 8,100,000 shares of common stock (subject to adjustment in the event of stock splits and other similar events) may be issued pursuant to awards granted under the 2023 Plan. In connection with the approval of the 2023 Plan, no further awards will be made under the Cognex Corporation 2001 General Stock Option Plan, as amended and restated (the “2001 Plan”), and the Cognex Corporation 2007 Stock Option and Incentive Plan, as amended and restated (the “2007 Plan”). With the approval of the 2023 Plan, the 10,610,800 shares of common stock subject to awards granted under the 2001 Plan and the 2007 Plan that were outstanding as of May 3, 2023 may become eligible for issuance under the 2023 Plan if such awards are forfeited, cancelled or otherwise terminated (other than by exercise) (the “Carryover Shares”). As of June 30, 2024, forfeitures, cancellations, and other terminations from the 2001 Plan and the 2007 Plan have resulted in 777,455 Carryover Shares, raising the authorized total shares that may be issued under the 2023 Plan to 8,877,455.
As of June 30, 2024, the Company had 5,958,000 shares available for grant under its stock plans. Stock options are granted with an exercise price equal to the market value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date and generally vest over four or five years based upon continuous service and expire ten years from the grant date. RSUs generally vest upon three or four years of continuous employment or incrementally over such three or four-year periods. PRSUs generally vest upon three years of continuous employment and achievement of performance criteria established by the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors on or prior to the grant date. Participants are not entitled to dividends on stock options, RSUs, or PRSUs.
19

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Stock Options
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock option activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024:
Shares
(in thousands)		Weighted-
Average
Exercise
Price		Weighted-
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (in years)		Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in thousands)
Outstanding as of December 31, 2023
9,008 $50.87 
Granted1,620 39.74 
Exercised(112)23.52 
Forfeited or expired(397)56.39 
Outstanding as of June 30, 2024
10,119 $49.17 6.10$35,881 
Exercisable as of June 30, 2024
5,880 $49.22 4.31$22,854 
Options vested or expected to vest as of June 30, 2024 (1)9,413 $49.36 5.89$33,342 
 (1) In addition to the vested options, the Company expects a portion of the unvested options to vest at some point in the future. Options expected to vest are calculated by applying an estimated forfeiture rate to the unvested options.

The total cash received as a result of stock option exercises for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $1,516,000 and $2,637,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $6,141,000 and $10,118,000, respectively. In connection with these exercises, the tax expense realized by the Company for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $2,043,000 and $2,072,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $2,426,000 and $3,893,000, respectively.

The fair values of stock options granted in each period presented were estimated using the following weighted-average assumptions:
 Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
 June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Risk-free rate4.5 %3.5 %4.3 %3.9 %
Expected dividend yield0.67 %0.56 %0.75 %0.59 %
Expected volatility39 %39 %39 %39 %
Expected term (in years)4.75.94.74.9
Risk-free rate
The risk-free rate was based upon a treasury instrument whose term was consistent with the contractual term of the option.
Expected dividend yield
The current dividend yield was calculated by annualizing the cash dividend declared by the Company’s Board of Directors and dividing that result by the closing stock price on the grant date. 
Expected volatility
The expected volatility was based upon a combination of historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over the contractual term of the option and implied volatility for traded options of the Company’s stock.
20

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Expected term
The expected term was derived from the binomial lattice model from the impact of events that trigger exercises over time.
The weighted-average grant-date fair values of stock options granted during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 were $18.46 and $14.89, respectively, and during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 were $20.09 and $17.86, respectively.
The total intrinsic values of stock options exercised for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 were $994,000 and $2,049,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 were $2,123,000 and $5,562,000, respectively. The total fair values of stock options vested for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 were $698,000 and $26,209,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 were $892,000 and $32,073,000, respectively.
Restricted Stock Units (RSUs)
The following table summarizes the Company's RSUs activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024:
Shares
(in thousands)		Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023
1,429 $54.22 
Granted797 39.03 
Vested(375)65.58 
Forfeited or expired(55)49.86 
Nonvested as of June 30, 2024
1,796 $45.23 
The fair value of RSUs is determined based on the observable market price of the Company's stock on the grant date less the present value of expected future dividends. The weighted-average grant-date fair values of RSUs granted during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 were $43.97 and $39.03, respectively, and during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 were $52.53 and $46.86, respectively. There were 36,000 and 375,000 RSUs that vested during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 29,000 and 482,000 that vested during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively.
Tax obligations for vested RSUs are settled by withholding a portion of the shares prior to distribution to the shareholder. The total cash used by the Company to fund the tax payments for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $526,000 and $4,507,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $432,000 and $7,464,000, respectively. In connection with these vested RSUs, the tax expense realized by the Company for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 was $2,074,000 and $6,867,000, respectively, and for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023 was $150,000 and $3,476,000, respectively.
21

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
Performance Restricted Stock Units (PRSUs)
The following table summarizes the Company's PRSUs activity for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024:
Shares
(in thousands)		Weighted-Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Nonvested as of December 31, 2023
79 $52.23 
Granted55 39.05 
Vested— — 
Forfeited or expired— — 
Nonvested as of June 30, 2024
134 $46.82 
The fair value of PRSUs is calculated using the Monte Carlo simulation model to estimate the probability of satisfying the service and market conditions stipulated in the award grant. There were 0 and 55,000 PRSUs granted during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 0 and 46,000 granted during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively. No PRSUs vested during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Stock-Based Compensation Expense
The Company stratifies its employee population into three groups: one consisting of the CEO, one consisting of senior management, and another consisting of all other employees. The Company currently applies an estimated annual forfeiture rate of 0% to all stock-based awards for the CEO, 9% to all stock-based awards for senior management, and a rate of 13% for all other employees. Each year during the first quarter, the Company revises its forfeiture rate based on updated estimates of employee turnover. This resulted in a decrease to compensation expense of $1,832,000 in 2024 and $234,000 in 2023.
As of June 30, 2024, total unrecognized compensation expense, net of estimated forfeitures, related to non-vested equity awards, including stock options, RSUs, and PRSUs, was $75,507,000, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of 1.9 years.
The total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized for the three-month period ended June 30, 2024 were $12,964,000 and $2,027,000, respectively, and for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 were $26,266,000 and $3,772,000, respectively. The total stock-based compensation expense and the related income tax benefit recognized for the three-month period ended July 2, 2023 were $12,574,000 and $1,892,000, respectively, and for the six-month period ended July 2, 2023 were $29,153,000 and $4,200,000, respectively. No compensation expense was capitalized as of June 30, 2024 or December 31, 2023.
The following table presents the stock-based compensation expense by caption for each period presented on the Consolidated Statements of Operations (in thousands):
 Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
 June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Cost of revenue$413 $441 $1,018 $1,062 
Research, development, and engineering3,540 3,308 7,929 9,198 
Selling, general, and administrative9,011 8,825 17,319 18,893 
$12,964 $12,574 $26,266 $29,153 
22

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 14: Stock Repurchase Program
In March 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Under this March 2022 program, in addition to repurchases made in prior years, the Company repurchased 966,000 shares at a total cost of $49,163,000 during the six-month period ended July 2, 2023 and 473,000 shares at a total cost of $19,879,000 during the six-month period ended June 30, 2024, leaving a remaining balance of $313,013,000 as of June 30, 2024. The Company may repurchase shares under this program in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.
NOTE 15: Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate was 13% and 18% for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 15% and 12% for the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively.
The Company has defined its major tax jurisdictions as the United States, Ireland, China, Japan, and Korea, and within the United States, Massachusetts. The statutory tax rate is 12.5% in Ireland, 25% in China, 34.6% in Japan, and 21% in Korea, compared to the U.S. federal statutory corporate tax rate of 21%. These foreign tax rate differences resulted in a favorable impact to the effective tax rate for both the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
The Company recorded a net discrete tax benefit totaling $463,000 and a net discrete tax expense totaling $2,622,000 for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, and a net discrete tax expense totaling $399,000 and a net discrete tax benefit totaling $3,195,000 for the same periods in 2023.
Discrete tax items for the six-month period ended June 30, 2024 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,371,000 related to stock-based compensation; (2) an increase in tax expense of $477,000 related to state tax matters; (3) an increase in tax expense of $922,000 for interest expense related to tax reserves; (4) a net decrease in tax expense of $1,278,000 related to return-to-provision adjustments; and (5) an increase in tax expense of $1,130,000 for other tax matters.
Discrete tax items for the six-month period ended July 2, 2023 included (1) an increase in tax expense of $1,766,000 related to stock-based compensation; (2) a net decrease in tax expense of $3,051,000 due primarily to the release of tax reserves on state tax credits and foreign audit settlements; (3) a decrease in tax expense of $2,198,000 for adjustments to certain deferred tax assets; and (4) a net increase in tax expense of $288,000 for return-to-provision adjustments.
The Company’s reserve for income taxes, including gross interest and penalties, was $31,193,000 as of June 30, 2024, of which $28,826,000 was classified as a non-current liability and $2,367,000 was classified as an offset to deferred tax assets. If the Company’s tax positions were sustained or the statutes of limitations related to certain positions expired, these reserves would be released and income tax expense would be reduced in a future period.
Within the United States, the tax years 2020 through 2022 remain open to examination by the IRS, and 2019 through 2022 remain open to examination by various state tax authorities. The tax years 2017 through 2023 remain open to examination by various international taxing authorities in other jurisdictions in which the Company operates.
In October 2021, more than 135 countries and jurisdictions agreed to participate in a "two-pillar" international tax approach developed by the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), which includes establishing a global minimum corporate tax rate of 15%. The OECD published "Tax Challenges Arising from the Digitalisation of the Economy — Global Anti-Base Erosion Model Rules (Pillar Two)" in December 2021 and subsequently issued additional commentary and administrative guidance clarifying several aspects of the model rules. Since the model rules have been released, many countries have now enacted Pillar Two-related laws, some of which became effective January 1, 2024, and it is anticipated that more countries will follow suit throughout 2024. As of June 30, 2024, the Company does not expect Pillar Two taxes to have a significant impact on its 2024 financial statements.
23

COGNEX CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 16: Weighted-Average Shares
Weighted-average shares were calculated as follows (in thousands):
 Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
 June 30, 2024July 2, 2023June 30, 2024July 2, 2023
Basic weighted-average common shares outstanding171,568 172,429 171,630 172,527 
Effect of dilutive equity awards1,165 1,193 1,069 1,264 
Weighted-average common and common-equivalent shares outstanding172,733 173,622 172,699 173,791 
Stock options to purchase 8,325,000 and 8,415,000 shares of common stock, on a weighted-average basis, were outstanding during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 6,890,000 and 6,713,000 during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively, but were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share because they were anti-dilutive. Restricted stock units totaling 1,000 and 9,000 shares of common stock, on a weighted-average basis, were outstanding during the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024, respectively, and 3,000 and 1,000 during the three-month and six-month periods ended July 2, 2023, respectively, but were not included in the calculation of dilutive net income per share because they were anti-dilutive. No PRSUs were excluded in the calculation of dilutive net income per share for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023, respectively, as PRSUs were not anti-dilutive on a weighted-average basis.
NOTE 17: Loss (Recovery) from Fire
On June 7, 2022, the Company’s primary contract manufacturer experienced a fire at its plant in Indonesia, destroying a significant amount of Cognex-owned consigned inventories.
During the three-month period ended July 2, 2023, the Company recorded a recovery related to the fire of $2,500,000 for proceeds received from the Company's insurance carrier in relation to a business interruption claim. This recovery amount is presented in the caption “Loss (recovery) from fire” on the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
NOTE 18: Business Combinations
On October 18, 2023, the Company acquired all the outstanding shares of Moritex Corporation ("Moritex"), a global provider of premium optical components based in Japan, for an enterprise value of ¥40 billion Japanese Yen, or approximately $270 million U.S. Dollars based on the closing date foreign exchange rate.
The cash-free, debt-free enterprise value was adjusted by cash acquired, debt assumed, and final working capital balances to arrive at total consideration to be allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed of ¥44,376,245,000 ($296,138,000 based on the closing date foreign exchange rate), of which ¥44,227,414,000 ($295,144,000) was paid in cash on the closing date and ¥148,831,000 ($994,000) was paid during the three-month period ended March 31, 2024 as a final purchase price adjustment based on the closing balance sheet.

NOTE 19: Subsequent Events
On July 31, 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a cash dividend of $0.075 per share. The dividend is payable on August 29, 2024 to all shareholders of record as of the close of business on August 15, 2024.
24

ITEM 2: MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

Forward-Looking Statements
Certain statements made in this report, as well as oral statements made by the Company from time to time, constitute forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and Section 21E of the Exchange Act. Readers can identify these forward-looking statements by our use of the words “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” "potential," “believes,” “projects,” “intends,” “plans,” “will,” “may,” “shall,” “could,” “should,” "opportunity," "goal" and similar words and other statements of a similar sense. These statements are based on our current estimates and expectations as to prospective events and circumstances, which may or may not be in our control and as to which there can be no firm assurances given. These forward-looking statements, which include statements regarding business and market trends, future financial performance and financial targets, customer demand and order rates and timing of related revenue, managing supply challenges, delivery lead times, future product or revenue mix, research and development activities, sales and marketing activities (including our 'Emerging Customer' sales initiative), new product offerings and product development activities, customer acceptance of our products, capital expenditures, cost management activities, investments, liquidity, dividends and stock repurchases, strategic and growth plans and opportunities, acquisitions, and estimated tax benefits and expenses and other tax matters, involve known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those projected. Such risks and uncertainties include: (1) the technological obsolescence of current products and the inability to develop new products, particularly in connection with emerging artificial intelligence technologies; (2) the impact of competitive pressures; (3) the inability to attract and retain skilled employees and maintain our unique corporate culture; (4) the failure to properly manage the distribution of products and services; (5) economic, political, and other risks associated with international sales and operations, including the impact of trade disputes, the economic climate in China, and the wars in Ukraine and Israel; (6) the challenges in integrating and achieving expected results from acquired businesses, including our acquisition of Moritex Corporation; (7) information security breaches and other cybersecurity risks; (8) the failure to comply with laws or regulations relating to data privacy or data protection; (9) the inability to protect our proprietary technology and intellectual property; (10) the failure to manufacture and deliver products in a timely manner; (11) the inability to obtain, or the delay in obtaining, components for our products at reasonable prices; (12) the failure to effectively manage product transitions or accurately forecast customer demand; (13) the inability to manage disruptions to our distribution centers or to our key suppliers; (14) the inability to design and manufacture high-quality products; (15) the loss of, or curtailment of or delays in purchases by, large customers in the logistics, consumer electronics, or automotive industries; (16) potential impairment charges with respect to our investments or acquired intangible assets; (17) exposure to additional tax liabilities, increases and fluctuations in our effective tax rate, and other tax matters; (18) fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates and the use of derivative instruments; (19) unfavorable global economic conditions, including high interest rates and fluctuating inflation rates; (20) business disruptions from natural or man-made disasters, such as fire, or public health issues; (21) exposure to potential liabilities, increased costs (including regulatory compliance costs), reputational harm, and other potential impacts associated with expectations relating to environmental, social, and governance considerations; (22) stock price volatility; and (23) our involvement in time-consuming and costly litigation or activist shareholder activities. The foregoing list should not be construed as exhaustive and we encourage readers to refer to the detailed discussion of risk factors included in Part I - Item 1A of the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023, as updated by Part II - Item 1A of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q. The Company cautions readers not to place undue reliance upon any such forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. The Company disclaims any obligation to subsequently revise forward-looking statements to reflect the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events or circumstances after the date such statements are made.
Executive Overview
Cognex Corporation (the "Company”) invents and commercializes technologies that address some of the most critical manufacturing and distribution challenges. We are a leading global provider of machine vision products and solutions that seek to improve efficiency and quality in a wide range of businesses across attractive industrial end markets. In addition to product revenue derived from the sale of machine vision products, the Company also generates revenue by providing maintenance and support, consulting, and training services to its customers; however, service revenue accounted for less than 10% of total revenue for all periods presented.
25

Machine vision is used in a variety of industries where technology is widely recognized as an important component of automated production, distribution, and quality assurance. Virtually every manufacturer or distributor can achieve better quality and efficiency by using machine vision. This results in a broad base of potential customers across a variety of industries, including automotive, logistics, consumer electronics, medical-related, semiconductor, consumer products, and food and beverage.
Revenue for the second quarter of 2024 totaled $239,292,000 and was relatively flat compared to the second quarter of 2023. Incremental revenue arising from the acquisition of Moritex Corporation ("Moritex") that closed in the fourth quarter of 2023 and higher revenue from customers in the logistics and semiconductor industries, was partially offset by lower spending trends across our factory automation business. Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 70% for the second quarter of 2024 as compared to 74% for the second quarter of 2023 due primarily to the impact of a less favorable revenue mix and the amortization of Moritex acquired technologies.
Operating expenses for the second quarter of 2024 increased 12% from the second quarter of 2023. Investments in our “Emerging Customer” sales initiative focused on broadening our customer base and incremental costs related to the acquisition of Moritex were partially offset by the impact of cost management activities.
Operating income decreased to 16% of revenue for the second quarter of 2024 as compared to 27% of revenue for the second quarter of 2023 driven by the lower gross margin percentage and continued investment in our "Emerging Customer" sales initiative. This lower level of operating income resulted in net income of 15% of revenue, or $0.21 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2024, as compared to 24% of revenue, or $0.33 per diluted share, for the second quarter of 2023.
Results of Operations
As foreign currency exchange rates are a factor in understanding period-to-period comparisons, we believe the presentation of results on a constant-currency basis in addition to reported results helps improve investors’ ability to understand our operating results and evaluate our performance in comparison to prior periods. We also use results on a constant-currency basis as one measure to evaluate our performance. Constant-currency information compares results between periods as if exchange rates had remained constant period-over-period. We generally refer to such amounts calculated on a constant-currency basis as excluding the impact of foreign currency exchange rate changes. Results on a constant-currency basis are not in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (U.S. GAAP) and should be considered in addition to, and not as a substitute for, results prepared in accordance with U.S. GAAP.
Revenue
Revenue decreased by $3,220,000, or 1%, for the three-month period and increased by $6,453,000, or 1%, for the six-month period as compared to the same periods in 2023. Revenue from the acquisition of Moritex that closed in the fourth quarter of 2023 represented approximately 7% of total revenue for both periods in 2024.
In addition to the contribution of Moritex, revenue from customers in the logistics and semiconductor industries increased for both the three-month and six-month periods in 2024 from the prior year. These increases were offset by lower spending trends across our factory automation business, most notably in the automotive and consumer electronics industries. The decrease in automotive revenue was due to continued softness across the automotive business, as well as delayed spending from electric vehicle battery manufacturers. The decrease in consumer electronics revenue was also impacted by the timing of large customer deployments that were completed late in the second quarter of 2023.
26

The following table sets forth our disaggregated revenue information by geographic area based upon the customer's country of domicile (in thousands) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% ChangeJune 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Americas$85,162 $82,297 $2,865 3 %$168,297 $162,911 $5,386 3 %
Percentage of total revenue36 %34 %37 %37 %
Europe$57,151 $56,860 $291 1 %$109,505 $116,702 $(7,197)(6)%
Percentage of total revenue24 %23 %24 %26 %
Greater China$54,410 $72,351 $(17,941)(25)%$84,459 $105,351 $(20,892)(20)%
Percentage of total revenue23 %30 %19 %24 %
Other Asia$42,569 $31,004 $11,565 37 %$87,828 $58,672 $29,156 50 %
Percentage of total revenue18 %13 %20 %13 %
Total revenue$239,292 $242,512 $(3,220)(1)%$450,089 $443,636 $6,453 1 %
Changes in revenue from a geographic perspective were as follows:
•Revenue from customers based in the Americas increased by 3% for both the three-month and six-month periods. The increase was primarily driven by higher revenue from customers in the logistics industry, partially offset by continued softness across our factory automation business. The increase in logistics revenue for the six-month period in 2024 included a strategic logistics project completed in the first quarter.
•Revenue from customers based in Europe increased by 1% for the three-month period and decreased by 6% for the six-month period. Similar to the Americas, the Europe region continued to experience softness across our factory automation business. Although logistics revenue was higher for both periods in 2024, this increase was not enough to offset declines in factory automation revenue for the six-month period.
•Revenue from customers based in Greater China decreased by 25% for the three-month period and decreased by 20% for the six-month period. The Greater China region continued to experience a challenging business environment. The impact of lower spending trends, as well as the timing of certain deployments related to a large consumer electronics customer that were completed late in the second quarter of 2023, was partially offset by the revenue contribution from the Moritex acquisition.
•Revenue from customers based in other countries in Asia increased by 37% for the three-month period and increased by 50% for the six-month period. The increase was primarily driven by incremental revenue related to the acquisition of Moritex, for which the majority of revenue currently comes from customers based in Japan, as well as higher revenue from customers in the semiconductor and logistics industries.
Gross Margin
The following table sets forth our gross margin (in thousands) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% ChangeJune 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Gross margin$166,599 $179,683 $(13,084)(7)%$308,536 $323,423 $(14,887)(5)%
Percentage of total revenue70 %74 %69 %73 %
27

Gross margin as a percentage of revenue was 70% and 69% for the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, respectively, as compared to 74% and 73% for the same periods in 2023. The decrease was due to a less favorable revenue mix in 2024 that included products with relatively low gross margins from the Moritex acquisition that closed in the fourth quarter of 2023, as well as the amortization of Moritex acquired technologies. The decrease for the six-month period was also due to a strategic logistics project completed in the first quarter that had lower-than-average gross margins, as well as charges related to the final sell-through of Moritex acquired inventories in the first quarter that were written up to fair value. These decreases were partially offset by lower inventory costs driven by a reduction in premiums paid to brokers for the purchase of components as supply chain constraints eased.
Operating Expenses
The following table sets forth our operating expenses (in thousands) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% ChangeJune 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Research, development, and engineering expenses$34,962 $33,585 $1,377 4 %$72,067 $72,127 $(60)— %
Percentage of total revenue15 %14 %16 %16 %
Selling, general, and administrative expenses$93,180 $83,423 $9,757 12 %$183,808 $166,460 $17,348 10 %
Percentage of total revenue39 %34 %41 %38 %
Loss (recovery) from fire$— $(2,500)$2,500 (100)%$— $(2,500)$2,500 (100)%
Percentage of total revenue— %(1)%— %(1)%
Total operating expenses$128,142 $114,508 $13,634 12 %$255,875 $236,087 $19,788 8 %
Percentage of total revenue54 %47 %57 %53 %
Research, Development, and Engineering Expenses
Research, development, and engineering (RD&E) expenses increased by $1,377,000, or 4%, for the three-month period and remained relatively flat for the six-month period as compared to the same periods in 2023. Higher incentive compensation expenses were offset by lower stock-based compensation expenses for the six-month period due to the impact of forfeiture adjustments in the first quarter. Personnel-related costs remained relatively flat, as the additional costs associated with a new team of optical engineers that joined Cognex with the acquisition of Moritex in the fourth quarter of 2023 were offset by lower deferred compensation costs related to the 2019 acquisition of Sualab Co, Ltd. that were fully paid in October 2023 and cost management activities that included the realignment of headcount to business levels.
RD&E expenses as a percentage of revenue were 15% and 16% for the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, respectively, as compared to 14% and 16% for the same periods in 2023. We believe that a continued commitment to RD&E activities is essential to maintain or achieve product leadership with our existing products and to provide innovative new product offerings, as well as to provide engineering support for large customers. In addition, we consider our ability to accelerate the time to market for new products to be critical to our revenue growth and competitive position. These percentages are impacted by revenue levels and investment cycles.
Selling, General, and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) expenses increased by $9,757,000, or 12%, for the three-month period and increased by $17,348,000, or 10%, for the six-month period as compared to the same periods in 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased costs related to our “Emerging Customer” sales initiative, including additional headcount, travel expenses, and marketing costs. We launched this initiative in 2023 to serve a broader customer base and deepen penetration of less served markets, and are continuing to increase our investment in 2024.
Costs related to the acquisition of Moritex that closed in the fourth quarter of 2023 also contributed to the higher SG&A expenses. These costs included additional sales and support personnel-related costs, the amortization of acquired customer relationships and trademarks, and integration costs.
Lower stock-based compensation expense and cost management activities helped to offset the increase in SG&A expenses, including the realignment of headcount to support the Emerging Customer sales initiative.
28

Loss (Recovery) from Fire
On June 7, 2022, the Company’s primary contract manufacturer experienced a fire at its plant in Indonesia, destroying a significant amount of Cognex inventories. In the second quarter of 2023, the Company recorded a recovery related to the fire of $2,500,000 for proceeds received from the Company’s insurance carrier in relation to a business interruption claim.
Non-operating Income (Expense)
The following table sets forth our non-operating income (expense) (in thousands) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% ChangeJune 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Foreign currency gain (loss)$(181)$(1,605)$1,424 (89)%$(135)$(1,211)$1,076 (89)%
Investment income$3,116 $4,095 $(979)(24)%$6,236 $7,682 $(1,446)(19)%
Other income (expense)$176 $112 $64 57 %$372 $185 $187 101 %
Total non-operating income (expense)$3,111 $2,602 $509 20 %$6,473 $6,656 $(183)(3)%
The Company recorded foreign currency losses of $181,000 and $135,000 for the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, respectively, and $1,605,000 and $1,211,000 for the corresponding periods in 2023, primarily resulting from the revaluation and settlement of assets and liabilities that are denominated in currencies other than the functional currency of the Company, which is the U.S. Dollar, or its subsidiaries.
Investment income decreased by $979,000, or 24%, for the three-month period and decreased by $1,446,000, or 19%, for the six-month period in 2024 as compared to the corresponding periods in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to lower average investment balances, partially offset by higher yields on the Company's portfolio of debt securities. During the fourth quarter of 2023, net cash payments related to the acquisition of Moritex reduced cash available to invest by approximately $257 million, which resulted in lower investment income for 2024.
The Company recorded other income of $176,000 and $372,000 for the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, respectively, and $112,000 and $185,000 for the corresponding periods in 2023.
Income Tax Expense
The following table sets forth income tax information (in thousands) for the three-month and six-month periods ended June 30, 2024 and July 2, 2023.
Three-months EndedSix-months Ended
June 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% ChangeJune 30, 2024July 2, 2023$ Change% Change
(unaudited)(unaudited)
Income before income tax expense$41,568 $67,777 $(26,209)(39)%$59,134 $93,992 $(34,858)(37)%
Income tax expense$5,356 $10,303 $(4,947)(48)%$10,900 $10,903 $(3)— %
Effective income tax rate13 %15 %18 %12 %
The Company’s effective tax rate was 13% and 18% for the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, respectively, and 15% and 12% for the same periods in 2023.
The Company recorded a net discrete tax benefit of $463,000 for the three-month period in 2024 and a net discrete tax expense of $2,622,000 for the six-month period in 2024, as compared to a net discrete tax expense of $399,000 in the three-month period in 2023 and a net discrete tax benefit of $3,195,000 for the six-month period in 2023. The higher level of discrete tax expense for the six-month period in 2024 was driven by unfavorable adjustments to certain tax assets and reserves, while the higher level of discrete tax benefits for the six-month period in 2023 was driven by the release of tax reserves on state tax credits and favorable adjustments to certain deferred tax assets.
Excluding the impact of all discrete tax items, the Company's effective tax rate was 14% for both the three-month and six-month periods in 2024, as compared to 15% for the corresponding periods in 2023. The decrease was primarily due to more of the Company's profits being taxed in relatively lower tax rate jurisdictions.
29

Liquidity and Capital Resources
The Company has historically been able to generate positive cash flow from operations, which has funded its operating activities and other cash requirements and has resulted in an accumulated cash and investment balance of $555,289,000 as of June 30, 2024. The Company has established guidelines relative to credit ratings, diversification, and maturities of its investments to maintain the liquidity and safety of the investment portfolio.
As of June 30, 2024, the Company's portfolio of debt securities was in a net unrealized loss position of $8,127,000. Although the Company typically holds investments in an unrealized loss position until full value recovery at maturity, if the Company is required to sell debt securities to meet liquidity needs, it may sell these investments at a loss.
Operating activities
Net cash provided by operating activities totaled $41,406,000 for the six-month period in 2024. Significant uses of cash consisted of an increase in accounts receivable primarily related to the seasonality of large consumer electronics orders.
Investing activities
Net cash used in investing activities totaled $13,785,000 for the six-month period in 2024. Investing activities included capital expenditures that totaled $8,571,000 and consisted primarily of continued investments in business systems, manufacturing test equipment related to new product introductions, as well as building and leasehold improvements.
Financing activities
Net cash used in financing activities totaled $47,506,000 for the six-month period in 2024.
In March 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Under this March 2022 program, the Company repurchased 473,000 shares at a total cost of $19,879,000 during the six-month period in 2024, leaving a remaining balance of $313,013,000 as of June 30, 2024. The Company may repurchase shares under this program in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.
The Company’s Board of Directors declared and paid cash dividends of $0.075 per share for the first and second quarters of 2024, totaling $25,756,000. Future dividends will be declared at the discretion of the Company's Board of Directors and will depend on such factors as the Board deems relevant, including, among other things, the Company's ability to generate positive cash flow from operations.
Future Cash Requirements
The Company's future material cash requirements include contractual obligations related to inventory purchase commitments and leases. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had inventory purchase commitments of $43,078,000, with the majority payable in the next twelve months, and lease payment obligations of $112,234,000, with $13,364,000 payable in the next twelve months.
Other significant and/or expected cash outlays for 2024 are as follows:
•We expect to continue to make significant cash outlays related to our Emerging Customer sales initiative as we continue to grow our sales force to serve a broader customer base and deepen penetration of less served markets.
•The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 subjected unrepatriated foreign earnings to a one-time transition tax. As of June 30, 2024, the Company had a remaining balance payable of $18,338,000 through 2025.
We believe that the Company's existing cash and investment balances, together with cash flow from operations, will be sufficient to meet its operating, investing, and financing activities for the next twelve months. In addition, the Company has no long-term debt. We believe that our balance sheet condition currently gives us a strong position with respect to anticipated longer-term liquidity needs.

New Pronouncements
Refer to Part I - Note 2 within this Form 10-Q, for a full description of recently issued accounting pronouncements including the expected dates of adoption and the expected impact on the financial position and results of operations of the Company.
30


ITEM 3: QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposures to market risk since December 31, 2023.

ITEM 4: CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
As required by Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Company has evaluated, with the participation of management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, the effectiveness of its disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in such rules) as of the end of the period covered by this report. Based on such evaluation, except as described below relating to the acquisition of Moritex Corporation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that such disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of that date.
The Company closed the acquisition of Moritex Corporation on October 18, 2023. The new acquisition's total assets and revenues constituted approximately 5% and 7%, respectively, of the Company’s consolidated total assets and revenues as shown on our consolidated financial statements as of and for the period ended June 30, 2024. As the acquisition occurred during the fourth quarter of 2023, the Company excluded Moritex Corporation from the scope of the assessment of the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting and, with respect to the portion of disclosure controls and procedures that are subsumed by internal control over financial reporting of Moritex Corporation, the Company's disclosure controls and procedures. This exclusion is in accordance with the general guidance issued by the Staff of the Securities and Exchange Commission that an assessment of a recently-acquired business may be omitted from the scope for the one-year period following the acquisition if specified conditions are satisfied.
Except as described above, there have been no changes in the Company's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the quarter ended June 30, 2024 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company's internal control over financial reporting. The Company continues to review its disclosure controls and procedures, including its internal control over financial reporting, and may from time to time make changes aimed at enhancing their effectiveness and to ensure that the Company’s systems evolve with its business.
31

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION

ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Various claims and legal proceedings generally incidental to the normal course of business are pending or threatened on behalf of or against the Company. While we cannot predict the outcome of these matters, we believe that any liability arising from them will not have a material adverse effect on our financial position, liquidity, or results of operations.

ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
For a list of factors that could affect the Company’s business, results of operations, and financial condition, see the risk factors discussion provided in Part I—Item 1A of the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023.

ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table sets forth information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its common stock during the three-month period ended June 30, 2024:
Total
Number
of Shares
Purchased		Average
Price Paid
per Share		Total Number of
Shares
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs (1)		Approximate
Dollar Value
of Shares that
May Yet Be
Purchased
Under the
Plans or
Programs (1)
April 1, 2024 - April 28, 202488,000 $40.69 88,000 $319,986,000 
April 29, 2024 - May 26, 202471,000 44.95 71,000 316,817,000 
May 27, 2024 - June 30, 202483,000 45.63 83,000 313,013,000 
Total242,000 $43.64 242,000 $313,013,000 
(1) On March 3, 2022, the Company's Board of Directors authorized the repurchase of $500,000,000 of the Company's common stock. Purchases under this program commenced in March 2022. The Company may repurchase shares under this program in future periods depending on a variety of factors, including, among other things, the impact of dilution from employee stock awards, stock price, share availability, and cash requirements. The Company is authorized to make repurchases of its common stock through open market purchases, pursuant to Rule 10b5-1 trading plans, or in privately negotiated transactions.

ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.

ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.

ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION

During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, the following executive officer adopted a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K, that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Securities Exchange Act Rule 10b5-1(c):

•On June 7, 2024, Carl Gerst, the Executive Vice President of ID and Vision Products of the Company, adopted a trading arrangement for the sale of shares of the Company’s common stock (a “Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan”). Mr. Gerst’s Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plan, which has a term ending on April 1, 2025, provides for the sale of up to 16,302 shares of common stock pursuant to the terms of the plan.
32


During the quarter ended June 30, 2024, no 10b5-1 trading arrangements were modified or terminated, and no director or officer of the Company adopted or terminated a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K.

33

 ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibit Number
10.1+
31.1
31.2
32.1
32.2
101.SCHInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document*
101.CALInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document*
101.LABInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document*
101.PREInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document*
101.DEFInline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document*
104Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL with applicable taxonomy extension information contained in Exhibits 101.*)
*Filed herewith
**Furnished herewith
+Indicates management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement

34

SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
 
Date:August 1, 2024 COGNEX CORPORATION
 By:/s/ Robert J. Willett
 Robert J. Willett
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 By:/s/ Dennis Fehr
 Dennis Fehr
 Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)

35
Cognex Corporation One Vision Drive Natick, MA 01760-2059 (508) 650-3000 fax (508) 650-3333 www.cognex.com Exhibit 10.1 March 27, 2024 Dennis Fehr [Address] PERSONAL & CONFIDENTIAL Dear Dennis: Congratulations on your new position! All of us on the Cognex management team are excited about the prospect of you joining Cognex Corporation in Natick, Massachusetts. This letter details the terms and conditions applicable to your move from Bethesda, Maryland to Massachusetts. This letter does not create a contract of employment, but simply seeks to confirm the conditions which pertain to your relocation. Your targeted start date is subject to our receipt from you of a signed copy of this letter, and the other contingencies set out in your offer letter. Once finalized, you will be considered an “at will” employee of Cognex Corporation. Position: Senior Vice President of Finance Effective Date: April 22, 2024 You will report to: Rob Willett Location: Natick, Massachusetts Relocation Support Aires: We have contracted with Aires: Corporation Relocation Services to provide you with a seamless integration into your new position in Natick, Massachusetts. You will be connected with a dedicated individual from Aires who will be your contact throughout your relocation. Specifically, you will be provided with a relocation allowance of up to USD $60,000 (net) to be put towards the following relocation benefits: • Home Finding Trip: This will be for you and your spouse and will include an orientation and home search guidance through a destination provider. • Temporary Lodging: Cognex will reimburse temporary accommodations for a period of up to 90 days for you and your family. • Shipment of Household Goods: Cognex will assist with the movement of the contents of your current home to the new location. All shipping arrangements are made with and through Aires. • Final Move Expenses: Cognex will reimburse reasonable expenses incurred in moving your family to the new location using the most direct route according to the company travel policy. Home Sale: Cognex will assist with the selling of your home in your old location up to $75,000 (net of all applicable taxes) inclusive of all realtor and transaction costs. All invoices submitted for your relocation budget must be submitted directly to Aires. Please ensure that anything business related is processed through Concur, and anything relocation related is processed through Aires. Please touch base with Thassia Gunn if you have any questions as to where an expense should fall.

 
Cognex Corporation One Vision Drive Natick, MA 01760-2059 (508) 650-3000 fax (508) 650-3333 www.cognex.com Reimbursement In the event you voluntarily terminate your employment with Cognex prior to October 31, 2028, you will be responsible for the reimbursement of all or a portion of the relocation expenses paid by Cognex in accordance with the Repayment Agreement attached as Exhibit A. Further, in the event you voluntarily terminate your employment with Cognex prior to April 22, 2026, you will be responsible for the reimbursement of all or a portion of your $170,000 guaranteed bonus payment in accordance with the Repayment Agreement attached as Exhibit A. Congratulations Dennis! We look forward to you joining the team as we carry on in our quest for greatness in the world of machine vision. Sincerely, /s/ Rob Willett Rob Willett CEO & President Cognex Corporation Please indicate your agreement to this letter, including your agreement to the attached Repayment Agreement, by signing below and returning this letter as soon as possible. /s/ Dennis Fehr __________________________ Dennis Fehr

 
Cognex Corporation One Vision Drive Natick, MA 01760-2059 (508) 650-3000 fax (508) 650-3333 www.cognex.com Exhibit A REPAYMENT AGREEMENT Dennis Fehr [Address] As consideration for the relocation benefits of up to $60,000 which Cognex Corporation (“Cognex”) has agreed to pay me, Dennis Fehr, pursuant to this relocation letter, as well as the 2024 $170,000 guaranteed bonus payment which Cognex has agreed to pay me within 30 days of my start date (the “Guaranteed Bonus”), I agree that if I voluntarily terminate my employment prior to October 31, 2027, I will reimburse Cognex for 100% of relocation expenses incurred by Cognex. Additionally, I agree that if I voluntarily terminate my employment after October 31, 2027, but prior to October 31, 2028, I will reimburse Cognex for 50% of the relocation expenses incurred by Cognex. Examples of expenses which must be repaid to Cognex include, but are not limited to, temporary housing, house hunting trips, lump sum payments and actual moving expenses. Further, I agree that if I voluntarily terminate my employment within twelve (12) months of April 22, 2024, I will reimburse Cognex for 100% of the Guaranteed Bonus. I also agree that if I voluntarily terminate my employment anytime within twelve to twenty-four (12-24) months from April 22, 2024, I will reimburse Cognex for 50% of the Guaranteed Bonus. Any reimbursement I owe to Cognex pursuant to this paragraph is to be paid as follows: one-half of the amount(s) owed must be paid on my last day of employment; the balance(s) must be paid no later than 60 days after my last day of employment. If Cognex incurs any costs or expenses, including but not limited to attorneys’ fees, in the collection of this debt, I agree to pay the attorneys’ fees and expenses associated with the collection of this debt. In addition, if I am late in making payments or fail to make any payments under this Agreement, Cognex may, in its sole discretion, make all monies owed immediately due and payable. This Repayment Agreement in no way modifies my status as an at-will employee. I understand that this Repayment Agreement is not to be construed and is not a guarantee that I will continue to be employed for any period of time. I further understand that I can be terminated at any time, with or without cause, at the sole discretion of Cognex.

 

Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Robert J. Willett, certify that:
1    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cognex Corporation;
2    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:August 1, 2024 By: /s/ Robert J. Willett
  Robert J. Willett
  President and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)

Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Dennis Fehr, certify that:
1    I have reviewed this quarterly report on Form 10-Q of Cognex Corporation;
2    Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3    Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
 
(a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
(b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
(c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
(d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and

5    The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
 
(a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
(b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date:August 1, 2024 By: /s/ Dennis Fehr
  Dennis Fehr
  Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)

Exhibit 32.1*
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The undersigned officer of Cognex Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies to his knowledge that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:August 1, 2024 By:/s/ Robert J. Willett
 Robert J. Willett
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 (Principal Executive Officer)
 




























*This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

Exhibit 32.2*
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
The undersigned officer of Cognex Corporation (the “Company”) hereby certifies to his knowledge that the Company’s quarterly report on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 2024 (the “Report”), as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof, fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d), as applicable, of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and that the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
 
Date:August 1, 2024 By:/s/ Dennis Fehr
 Dennis Fehr
 Senior Vice President of Finance and Chief Financial Officer
 (Principal Financial Officer)
 


























*This certification shall not be deemed “filed” for purposes of Section 18 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise subject to the liability of that section, nor shall it be deemed to be incorporated by reference into any filing under the Securities Act of 1933 or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.