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Table of Contents

United States
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
ANNUAL REPORT
PURSUANT TO SECTIONS 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
(Mark One)
☒
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020
OR
☐
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from              to             
Commission file number 1-12289
SEACOR Holdings Inc.
(Exact name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)
Delaware 13-3542736
(State or Other Jurisdiction of
Incorporation or Organization) 		(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
2200 Eller Drive, P.O. Box 13038,
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
33316
(Address of Principal Executive Office) (Zip Code)
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (954) 523-2200
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class Trading Symbol Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share CKH New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
(Title of Class)
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. ☒ Yes    ☐ No
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. ☐ Yes     ☒ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes    ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§ 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes    ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” and “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer ☒ Accelerated filer ☐ Non-accelerated filer ☐ Smaller reporting company ☐ Emerging growth company ☐
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes    ☒ No
The aggregate market value of the voting stock of the registrant held by non-affiliates as of June 30, 2020 was approximately $538,578,460 based on the closing price on the New York Stock Exchange on such date. The total number of shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding as of February 23, 2021 was 20,498,564.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Registrant’s definitive proxy statement for its 2021 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Registrant’s last fiscal year is incorporated by reference into Part III of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.


Table of Contents
SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
FORM 10-K
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Item 1.
1
1
2
2
7
12
Other
12
13
18
19
Item 1A.
20
Item 1B.
35
Item 2.
35
Item 3.
35
Item 4.
35
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Item 5.
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38
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Item 6.
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Item 7.
40
40
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58
59
59
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Item 7A.
63
Item 8.
63
Item 9.
63
Item 9A.
63
Item 9B.
64
Item 10.
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Item 11.
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Item 12.
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Item 13.
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Item 14.
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Item 15.
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Item 16.
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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Certain statements discussed in Item 1. (Business), Item 1A. (Risk Factors), Item 3. (Legal Proceedings), Item 7. (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations), Item 7A. (Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk) and elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, as well as in other materials and oral statements that the Company releases from time to time to the public constitute “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Such forward-looking statements concern management’s expectations, strategic objectives, business prospects, anticipated economic performance and financial condition and other similar matters and involve significant known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other important factors that could cause the actual results, performance or achievements of results to differ materially from any future results, performance or achievements discussed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Certain of these risks, uncertainties and other important factors are discussed in Item 1A. (Risk Factors) and Item 7. (Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations). However, it should be understood that it is not possible to identify or predict all such risks and other factors that could affect these forward looking statements. These statements constitute the Company’s cautionary statements under the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. The words “anticipate,” “estimate,” “expect,” “project,” “intend,” “believe,” “plan,” “target,” “forecast” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements speak only as of the date of the document in which they are made. The Company disclaims any obligation or undertaking to provide any updates or revisions to any forward-looking statement to reflect any change in the Company’s expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which the forward-looking statement is based. It is advisable, however, to consult any further disclosures the Company makes on related subjects in its Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and Current Reports on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, as well as other public statements made by the Company from time-to-time.
PART I
ITEM 1. BUSINESS
General
Unless the context indicates otherwise, the terms “we,” “our,” “ours,” “us” and the “Company” refer to SEACOR Holdings Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries. “SEACOR” refers to SEACOR Holdings Inc., incorporated in 1989 in Delaware, without its subsidiaries. “Common Stock” refers to the common stock, par value $.01 per share, of SEACOR. The Company’s fiscal year ended on December 31, 2020.
SEACOR’s principal executive office is located at 2200 Eller Drive, P.O. Box 13038, Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33316, and its telephone number is (954) 523-2200. SEACOR’s website address is www.seacorholdings.com. Any reference to SEACOR’s website is not intended to incorporate the information on the website into this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
The Company’s corporate governance documents, including the Board of Directors’ Audit Committee, Compensation Committee and Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee charters are available, free of charge, on SEACOR’s website or in print for stockholders.
All of the Company’s periodic reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) pursuant to Section 13(a), 14 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, are available, free of charge, on SEACOR’s website, including its Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K, Proxy Statements and any amendments to those reports. These reports and amendments are available on SEACOR’s website as soon as reasonably practicable after the Company electronically files the reports or amendments with the SEC. The SEC maintains a website (www.sec.gov) that contains these reports, proxy and information statements and other information.
Merger Agreement
On December 4, 2020, SEACOR entered into a definitive merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with an affiliate of American Industrial Partners to acquire the Company in a take-private transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, which was entered into among Safari Parent, Inc. (“Parent”), Safari Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), and SEACOR, on December 18, 2020, Merger Sub commenced a tender offer (the “Offer”) to acquire all (subject to limited exceptions) of the issued and outstanding shares of SEACOR’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) at a price of $41.50 per share (the “Offer Price”). The obligation of Merger Sub to consummate the Offer is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary conditions, including that at least 66 2/3% of the total number of shares of SEACOR’s Common Stock outstanding at the expiration of the Offer have been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration of the Offer (the “Minimum Tender Condition”). Under the terms of the Merger Agreement and assuming all conditions to the consummation of the Offer have been met, following the consummation of the Offer, Merger Sub will merge with and into SEACOR pursuant to Section 251(h) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, with SEACOR being the surviving corporation (the “Merger”).
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The Offer was initially scheduled to expire one minute after 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on January 21, 2021. At the initial scheduled expiration time of the Offer, the Minimum Tender Condition was not satisfied. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, if on or prior to any then-scheduled expiration date of the Offer any of the conditions to the Offer (including the Minimum Tender Condition) have not been satisfied or waived, Merger Sub is required to extend the Offer for additional periods of up to ten business days per extension to permit such condition to be satisfied, until the earlier of (i) the termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms or (ii) April 5, 2021 (the “End Date”). Since the initial expiration date of the Offer, Merger Sub has successively extended the expiration date on a number of occasions to allow additional time to meet the Minimum Tender Condition, but such condition has not yet been satisfied. The Offer was last extended to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on February 26, 2021.
No assurance can be given that the Minimum Tender Condition or any other condition will be achieved or that the Merger Agreement will not be amended, in each case, prior to the End Date.
The foregoing description of the Merger Agreement and the transactions contemplated thereby does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to the Merger Agreement, which is filed as Exhibit 2.1 to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Spin-off
On June 1, 2017, the Company completed the spin-off of SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc. ("SEACOR Marine"), the company that operated SEACOR's Offshore Marine Services business segment, by means of a dividend of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of SEACOR Marine to SEACOR's shareholders (the "Spin-off").
Segment Information
SEACOR is a diversified holding company with interests in domestic and international transportation and logistics, risk management consultancy and other businesses. The Company conducts its activities in the following reporting segments:
•Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services
•Inland Transportation & Logistics Services
•Witt O’Brien’s
•Other
Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services
Business
Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services (“Ocean Services”) owns and operates a diversified fleet of bulk transportation, port and infrastructure, and logistics assets, including U.S. coastwise eligible vessels and vessels trading internationally. Ocean Services owns and operates U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers servicing the U.S. coastwise crude oil, petroleum products and chemical trades. Ocean Services’ dry bulk vessels operate in the U.S. coastwise trade. Ocean Services’ port and infrastructure services includes assisting deep-sea vessels docking in U.S. Gulf and East Coast ports, providing ocean towing services between U.S. ports, providing oil terminal support and bunkering operations in St. Eustatius and the Bahamas and providing vessel husbandry services to the U.S. military. Ocean Services’ logistics assets and services include U.S.-flag Pure Car/Truck Carriers (“PCTCs”) operating globally under the U.S. Maritime Security Program (“MSP”) and liner, short-sea, rail car and project cargo transportation and logistics solutions to and from ports in the Southeastern United States, the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico, as well as ‘door-to-door’ solutions for certain customers. Ocean Services also provides technical ship management services for third-party vessel owners. Ocean Services contributed 51%, 53% and 50% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
For a discussion of risk and economic factors that may impact Ocean Services’ financial position and its results of operations, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
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Equipment, Services and Markets
The following tables identify the types of equipment that comprise Ocean Services' fleet as of December 31 for the indicated years. “Owned” are majority owned and controlled by Ocean Services. “Leased-in” may either be equipment contracted from leasing companies to which Ocean Services may have sold such equipment or equipment chartered-in from third parties. “Joint Ventured” are owned by entities in which Ocean Services does not have a controlling interest.
Owned Leased-in Joint Ventured Total
2020
Bulk Transportation Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag 7  2  —  9 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 1  —  —  1 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag 17  7  —  24 
Harbor tugs - Foreign-flag 6  —  2  8 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 5  —  —  5 
Ocean liquid tank barges - Foreign-flag —  —  1  1 
Specialty vessels - Foreign-flag(1)
—  —  2  2 
Logistics Services:
PCTC(2) - U.S.-flag
—  4  —  4 
Short-sea container/RORO(3) vessels - Foreign-flag
8  —  —  8 
RORO(3) & deck barges - U.S.-flag
—  —  7  7 
Rail ferries - Foreign-flag —  —  2  2 
44  13  14  71 
2019
Bulk Transportation Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag 7  2  —  9 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 2  —  —  2 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag 20  4  —  24 
Harbor tugs - Foreign-flag 6  —  2  8 
Offshore tugs - U.S.-flag 1  —  —  1 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 5  —  —  5 
Ocean liquid tank barges - Foreign-flag —  —  1  1 
Specialty vessels - Foreign-flag(1)
—  —  2  2 
Logistics Services:
PCTC(2) - U.S.-flag
—  4  —  4 
Short-sea container/RORO(3) vessels - Foreign-flag
8  —  —  8 
RORO(3) & deck barges - U.S.-flag
—  —  7  7 
Rail ferries - Foreign-flag —  —  2  2 
49  10  14  73 
2018
Bulk Transportation Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag 7  3  —  10 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 2  —  —  2 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag 19  5  —  24 
Harbor tugs - Foreign-flag 6  —  2  8 
Offshore tugs - U.S.-flag 1  —  —  1 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 5  —  —  5 
Ocean liquid tank barges - Foreign-flag —  —  1  1 
Logistics Services:
PCTC(2) - U.S.-flag
—  4  —  4 
Short-sea container/RORO(3) vessels - Foreign-flag
9  —  —  9 
RORO(3) & deck barges - U.S.-flag
—  —  7  7 
Rail ferries - Foreign-flag —  —  2  2 
49  12  12  73 
______________________
(1)One line handling and one crew transport vessel.
(2)Pure Car/Truck Carrier.
(3)Roll On/Roll Off.
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Bulk Transportation Services
Petroleum and Chemical Transportation. In the U.S. coastwise petroleum and chemical transportation trade, Ocean Services’ oceangoing vessels transport crude oil, petroleum products and chemicals primarily from production areas, refineries and storage facilities along the coast of the U.S. Gulf of Mexico to refineries, utilities, waterfront industrial facilities and distribution facilities along the U.S. Gulf of Mexico and the U.S. Atlantic and Pacific coasts. Ocean Services operates a fleet of owned and leased-in U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers servicing this trade, which as of December 31, 2020 included the following vessels:
Name of Vessel Year of Build Capacity
in barrels
Tonnage
in  “dwt”(1)
Seabulk Challenge 1981 294,000  48,700 
Seabulk Arctic 1998 340,000  46,000 
Mississippi Voyager(2)
1998 340,000  46,000 
Florida Voyager(2)(3)
1998 340,000  46,000 
Brenton Reef 1999 341,000  45,000 
Independence 2016 330,000  49,000 
California Voyager(2)
2016 330,000  49,000 
Sea-Power/Sea-Chem I(4)
2016 185,000  29,999 
Texas Voyager(2)(3)
2017 330,000  49,000 
______________________
(1)Deadweight tons or “dwt.”
(2)Operating under long-term bareboat charter with a customer.
(3)Leased-in vessel.
(4)Articulated tug-barge.
Dry Bulk Transportation. In the U.S. coastwise dry bulk transportation trade, Ocean Services’ U.S.-flag bulk carrier transports Agremax, coal, petroleum coke, finished fertilizer, phosphate rock and other bulk commodities within the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, U.S. East Coast ports and Puerto Rico. As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services’ solely owned vessel servicing this trade included the following:
Name of Vessel Year of Build
Tonnage
in  “dwt”(1)
Texas Enterprise 1981 37,000 
______________________
(1)Deadweight tons or “dwt.”
Port & Infrastructure Services
Harbor tugs operate alongside oceangoing vessels to escort them to their berth, assist in docking and undocking, and escort them back out to sea. As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services’ 24 U.S.-flag harbor tugs were operating in various ports including three in Port Canaveral, Florida, three in Port Everglades, Florida, one in the Port of Miami, Florida, four in Port Tampa, Florida, three in the Port of Mobile, Alabama, three in the Port of Lake Charles, Louisiana and seven in Port Arthur, Texas.
Offshore towing activities include the long haul towing of ocean barges, dead ships and other large floating equipment requiring auxiliary power.
Ocean Services also provides bunkering (fueling) services to ships operating in the Caribbean Sea, more specifically in St. Eustatius and vessels calling in the Bahamas. Bunkering activities typically include one tug and one ocean liquid tank barge mooring alongside a docked or anchored vessel and transferring fuel. Ocean Services leases out four foreign-flag harbor tugs and five U.S.-flag ocean liquid tank barges to a bunkering operator in St. Eustatius and operates four foreign-flag harbor tugs and one ocean liquid tank barge in Freeport, Grand Bahama supporting terminal and bunkering operations through its 50% noncontrolling interest in Kotug Seabulk Maritime LLC (“KSM”).

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Logistics Services
In the logistics services business, PCTCs, RORO barges, deck barges, small RORO and container vessels and specialized rail ferries provide unit freight and general cargo transportation services. These services include receiving and transporting full container loads and Less-Container-Load ("LCL") cargo for transporting in shipping containers, rail cars, out-of-gauge project cargoes, automobiles and U.S. military vehicles. PCTCs generally handle cargo moving to and from the United States and international destinations, including Europe, the Middle East and Western Pacific ports (including ports in Guam, Japan and South Korea). Short-sea container/RORO vessels are engaged in services to and from ports in the Southeastern United States, the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico. RORO and deck barges are operated in the Puerto Rico liner trade through Ocean Services’ 55% noncontrolling interest in Trailer Bridge, Inc. (“Trailer Bridge”). The rail ferries operate between Alabama and Mexico through Ocean Services’ 50% noncontrolling interest in Golfo de Mexico Rail Ferry Holdings LLC (“Golfo de Mexico”).
As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services’ fleet of owned and leased-in equipment servicing the logistics trade included the following vessels:
Capacity
Name of Vessel Year of Build
TEU(1)
CEU(2)
Tonnage
in  “dwt”(3)
PCTCs:
Green Ridge(4) - U.S.-flag
1998 n/a 6,000  21,523 
Green Lake(4) - U.S.-flag
1998 n/a 5,980  22,799 
Green Cove(4) - U.S.-flag
1999 n/a 5,980  22,747 
Green Bay(4) - U.S.-flag
2007 n/a 6,400  18,090 
Short-sea Container/RORO Vessels:
Bahamas Express - Foreign-flag 2010 46 n/a 648 
Cape Express - Foreign-flag 2008 46 n/a 648 
Caribbean Express I - Foreign-flag 2000 46 n/a 648 
Emerald Express - Foreign-flag 2001 46 n/a 648 
Florida Express - Foreign-flag 1998 46 n/a 1,740 
Grand Express - Foreign-flag 2011 144 n/a 2,244 
Sea Express II - Foreign-flag 2006 46 n/a 648 
Pelagic Express - Foreign-flag 2008 128 n/a 2,778 
______________________
(1)Twenty-foot equivalent unit is a measure of volume in units of twenty-foot long containers.
(2)Car equivalent unit is a measure of the cargo carrying capacity of a PCTC.
(3)Deadweight tons or “dwt.”
(4)Leased-in vessel.
Managed Services
Ocean Services provides crew and technical ship management services to third-party ship owners and certain of its 50% or less owned companies. As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services provided management services for ten vessels including one U.S.-flag petroleum carrier, two U.S.-flag heavy lift vessels, two foreign-flag rail ferries, four foreign-flag harbor tugs and one foreign-flag ocean liquid tank barge.
Customers and Contractual Arrangements
Bulk Transportation Services. The primary customers for petroleum and chemical transportation services are multinational oil companies, refining companies, major gasoline retailers, oil trading companies and large industrial consumers or producers of crude, petroleum and chemicals. Services are generally contracted on the basis of short-term or long-term time charters, bareboat charters, voyage charters and contracts of affreightment or other transportation agreements tailored to the shipper's requirements. The primary customers for dry bulk transportation services are regional power utilities requiring waterborne coal, petroleum coke and residual ash transportation and large fertilizer producers moving Florida sourced products into the lower Mississippi River. Dry bulk services are generally contracted under multi-year contracts of affreightment and voyage charters.

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Port & Infrastructure Services. The primary customers for port and infrastructure services are vessel owners and charterers, which are typically industrial companies, trading houses and shipping companies and commercial shipping pools. Services are contracted using prevailing port tariff terms on a per-use basis or on the basis of short-term or long-term time charters or bareboat charters.
Logistics Services. The primary customers for PCTC logistics services are major, integrated automobile shippers and in certain circumstances automobile manufacturers or auto dealerships directly, and the U.S. Government. Services to these customers are generally contracted on the basis of short-term or long-term time charter or on a liner basis. Services for the U.S. Government are generally contracted on a voyage charter or liner basis in accordance with a master services agreement. The primary customers for unit freight logistics services are individuals and businesses shipping consumer, industrial and energy goods and personal parcels between ports in the Southeastern United States, the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico. Unit freight services are generally contracted on a per unit basis for the specified cargo and destination.
Managed Services. Ocean Services provides crew and technical ship management services to third-party ship owners and certain of its 50% or less owned companies.
In 2020, one customer of Ocean Services (U.S. Federal Government) accounted for 10% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues. The ten largest customers of Ocean Services accounted for approximately 63% of its operating revenues in 2020. The loss of one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on Ocean Services’ results of operations.
Under a time charter, Ocean Services provides a vessel to a customer and is responsible for all operating expenses, typically excluding fuel and port charges. Under a bareboat charter, Ocean Services provides a vessel to a customer and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and risks of operation. Vessel charters may range from several days to several years. Contracts of affreightment are contracts for cargoes that are committed on a multi-voyage basis for various periods of time, with minimum and maximum cargo tonnages specified over the period at a fixed or variable rate per ton. Voyage charters are contracts to carry cargoes on a single voyage basis regardless of time to complete. Tariff and unit freight are typically contracted in accordance with a publicly available or contracted tariff rate or based on a negotiated rate when moving larger volumes over an extended period.
Competitive Conditions
Each of the markets in which Ocean Services operates is highly competitive, including the U.S. “Jones Act” coastwise market, even though participation in the "Jones Act" market is not open to foreign-based competition. The most important competitive factors are pricing, vessel age, vessel type and vessel availability to fit customer requirements and delivery schedules.
Bulk Transportation Services. The primary direct competitors for Jones Act petroleum and chemical transportation services are other operators of Jones Act petroleum and chemical carriers, operators of refined product and crude pipelines, railroads and foreign-flag vessels delivering foreign sourced petroleum and chemicals to U.S. ports. The primary direct competitors for Jones Act dry bulk transportation services are other operators of Jones Act bulk carriers, foreign-flag vessels delivering foreign sourced dry bulk goods to U.S. ports and U.S. railroad operators.
Port & Infrastructure Services. The primary direct competitors for port and infrastructure services are other operators of Jones Act U.S.-flagged harbor tugs and operators of foreign-flagged harbor and ocean tugs and bunkering barges.
Logistics Services. The primary direct competitors for PCTC logistics services are other operators of PCTCs, U.S.-flag cargo vessels eligible for the MSP subsidy and other vessels controlled by the U.S. government via the Military Sealift Command including the ready reserve fleet. The primary direct competitors for unit freight logistics are other operators of cargo vessels trading between ports in the Southeastern United States, the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico. The rail ferries primarily compete with railroad operators offering overland connections between Central and Southeastern Mexico and the United States.
Managed Services. The primary direct competitors of managed services are other Jones Act qualified ship management companies, ship owners and other ship operators.
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Inland Transportation & Logistics Services
Business
Inland Transportation & Logistics Services (“Inland Services”) provides customer supply chain solutions with its domestic river transportation equipment, fleeting services and high-speed multi-modal terminal locations adjacent to and along the U.S. Inland Waterways, primarily in the St. Louis, Memphis, Baton Rouge and New Orleans areas. Inland Services operates under the SCF name. SCF’s barges are primarily used for moving agricultural and industrial commodities and containers on the U.S. Inland Waterways, including the Mississippi River, Illinois River, Tennessee River, Ohio River and their tributaries and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterways. Internationally, Inland Services owns inland river liquid tank barges that operate on the Magdalena River in Colombia. These barges primarily transport petroleum products with the ability to move agricultural and industrial commodities and containers. Inland Services also has a 50% noncontrolling interest in dry-cargo barge operations on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay primarily transporting agricultural and industrial commodities, a 63% noncontrolling interest in towboat operations on the U.S. Inland Waterways and a 50% noncontrolling interest in grain terminals/elevators in the Midwest and/or along the U.S. Inland Waterways. Inland Services contributed 36%, 33% and 34% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
For a discussion of risk and economic factors that may impact Inland Services’ financial position and its results of operations, see “Item 1A. Risk Factors” and “Inland Transportation & Logistics Services” in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”
Equipment and Services
The following tables set forth the barges, towboats, harbor boats and launch support boats that comprise Inland Services’ fleet as of December 31 for the indicated years. “Owned” are majority owned and controlled by Inland Services. “Leased-in” may either be equipment contracted from leasing companies to which Inland Services may have sold such equipment or equipment chartered-in from others. “Joint Ventured” are owned by entities in which Inland Services does not have a controlling interest. “Pooled” are barges owned by and managed for third parties with operating revenues and voyage expenses pooled with barges of a similar age and type which are owned by Inland Services. Pool revenues and expenses are allocated to participants based upon the number of days their barges participate in the pool. For “Pooled” barges, each barge owner is responsible for the costs of insurance, maintenance and repair as well as for capital and financing costs of its own equipment in the pool and pays a daily management fee to Inland Services for their participation in the pool.
7
Owned Leased-in Joint
Ventured 		Pooled Total Owned Fleet Average Age
2020
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barges 562  50  258  452  1,322  12 
Liquid tank barges 20  —  —  —  20  17 
Specialty barges 5  —  —  —  5  39 
Towboats:
4,000 hp - 6,600 hp 4  4  11  —  19  4 
3,300 hp - 3,900 hp 1  —  2  —  3  5 
Less than 3,300 hp(1)
2  —  —  —  2  58 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor boats:(1)
1,100 hp - 2,000 hp 14  6  —  —  20  40 
Less than 1,100 hp 12  —  —  —  12  44 
Launch support boats(1)
22  —  —  —  22  37
Logistics Services:
Dry-cargo barges 16  —  —  25  41  10 
Towboats:
Less than 3,300 hp 2  —  —  —  2  7 
660  60  271  477  1,468 
2019
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barges 591  50  258  473  1,372  11 
Liquid tank barges 20  —  —  —  20  16 
Specialty barges 5  —  —  —  5  38 
Towboats:
4,000 hp - 6,600 hp 4  4  11  —  19  3 
3,300 hp - 3,900 hp 1  —  2  —  3  4 
Less than 3,300 hp(1)
2  —  —  —  2  57 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor boats:(1)
1,100 hp - 2,000 hp 12  6  —  —  18  39 
Less than 1,100 hp 6  —  —  —  6  45 
Logistics Services:
Dry-cargo barges 20  —  —  15  35  16 
Towboats:
Less than 3,300 hp 1  —  —  —  1  6 
662  60  271  488  1,481 
2018
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barges 585  48  258  481  1,372  10 
Liquid tank barges 20  —  —  —  20  15 
Specialty barges 5  —  —  —  5  37 
Towboats:
4,000 hp - 6,600 hp 3  4  11  —  18  2 
3,300 hp - 3,900 hp 1  —  2  —  3  3 
Less than 3,300 hp(1)
2  —  —  —  2  56 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor boats:(1)
1,100 hp - 2,000 hp 12  6  —  —  18  38 
Less than 1,100 hp 6  —  —  —  6  44 
Logistics Services:
Dry-cargo barges 26  2  —  7  35  14 
660  60  271  488  1,479 
______________________
(1)Towboats, harbor boats and launch support boats have been upgraded and maintained to meet or exceed current industry standards.
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Bulk Transportation Services
Inland river barges are unmanned and are moved by towboats. The combination of a towboat and barges is commonly referred to as a “tow.”
Inland Services’ dry-cargo barge fleet consists of hopper barges, which are (i) covered for the transport of products such as grain and grain by-products, fertilizer, steel and frac sand or (ii) “open tops” primarily used for the transport of commodities that are not sensitive to water such as coal, aggregate scrap and containers. Each dry-cargo barge in the Inland Services’ fleet is capable of transporting approximately 1,500 to 2,200 tons (1,350 to 2,000 metric tons) of cargo depending on water depth (draft), river conditions and hull depth of the barge. Adverse river conditions, such as high water resulting from excessive rainfall or low water caused by drought, can impact operations by limiting the speed at which tows travel, the number of barges included in tows and the quantity of cargo that is loaded in the barges.
A typical dry-cargo grain voyage begins by shifting a clean, empty barge from a fleeting location to a loading facility. The barge is then moved from the loading location and assembled into a tow before proceeding to its discharge destination. After unloading, it is shifted to a fleeting area for cleaning, and service if needed, and then placed again in a tow to move to a load facility. In some instances after discharge of grain, barges pick up cargo and move it north to the grain originating areas of the river system instead of moving empty.
Inland Services’ fleet of inland river liquid tank barges transports primarily petroleum products on long-term voyage affreightment contracts on the Magdalena River in Colombia.
Inland Services’ 50% or less owned companies that provide bulk transportation services include SCF Bunge Marine LLC, which operates towboats on the U.S. Inland Waterways; and SCFCo Holdings LLC (“SCFCo”), which transports various agricultural and industrial commodities on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay.
Port & Infrastructure Services
Terminals. Inland Services owns and operates high speed multi-modal terminal facilities located along the Mississippi River in the St. Louis harbor providing loading and unloading, transshipment, warehousing and drayage services. These terminals handle grain, grain by-products, fertilizer, steel, ethanol and other products for a multitude of customers. In addition, Inland Services owns a 50% noncontrolling interest in grain terminals/elevators in the Midwest and/or along the U.S. Inland Waterways.
In general, Inland Services operates these terminals by first unloading product that arrives by railcar or truck. The product is then loaded onto dry-cargo barges along with similar products. This process may also operate in reverse, with Inland Services unloading dry-cargo barges into trucks or railcars. A typical 15 dry-cargo barge tow, assuming no loading restrictions as a result of river conditions, can hold the equivalent of approximately 1,050 trucks or 216 railcars. A tow may consist of 15-40 barges and can take from several hours to several days to load and assemble.
Fleeting. Inland Services owns and/or operates a series of fleeting locations, harbor boats and launch support boats from Davenport, Iowa through New Orleans, Louisiana. Inland Services’ fleeting services include fleeting barges, port services, minor repairs, barge cleaning, line haul boat assists, crewing/launch services and crane services.
Fleeting locations are locations where barges may be parked prior to being loaded, unloaded, cleaned, repaired or stored until needed for future use. Typically, fleeting locations are in close proximity to terminals. Fleeting services generally include disassembling a tow by moving dry-cargo barges into the fleet, moving barges from the fleet to a terminal for loading or unloading, cleaning and repairing barges, if needed, and then reassembling the barges into a tow for future operations.
Logistics Services
SEACOR America’s Marine Highway (“AMH”). Inland Services uses dedicated dry-cargo barges to move containers on the Mississippi River from St. Louis, Missouri and Memphis, Tennessee to Port Allen, and New Orleans, Louisiana. On this route, AMH transports empty containers in dry-cargo barges from Memphis to Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The containers are then trucked (drayed) to customers in Baton Rouge for loading. Loaded containers are then transported in dry-cargo barges from Baton Rouge to New Orleans, primarily for export. AMH also provides drayage services in Freeport, Texas for resin customers. Logistics services also provides local intermodal and maintenance services to its customers.
Managed Services
Inland Services provides management services related to barge and towboat operations.
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Markets
Inland Services operates equipment in three principal geographic regions. The table below sets forth equipment by geographic market as of December 31 for the indicated years. Inland Services sometimes participates in investments, at equity and 50% or less owned company arrangements in certain geographic locations in order to enhance marketing capabilities and facilitate operations in foreign markets allowing for the expansion of its operations while diversifying risks and reducing capital outlays associated with such expansion.
2020 2019 2018
U.S. Inland Waterways
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barges 1,064  1,114  1,114 
Specialty barges 5  5  5 
Towboats:
4,000 hp – 6,600 hp 8  8  7 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Harbor boats:(1)
1,100 hp - 2,000 hp 20  18  18 
Less than 1,100 hp 12  6  6 
Launch support boats(1)
22  —  — 
Logistics Services:
Dry-cargo barges 41  35  35 
Towboats:
Less than 3,300 hp 2  1  — 
1,174  1,187  1,185 
Magdalena River
Bulk Transportation Services:
Liquid tank barges 20  20  20 
Towboats:
3,300 hp - 3,900 hp 1  1  1 
Less than 3,300 hp(1)
2  2  2 
23  23  23 
Parana-Paraguay Waterway
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barges 258  258  258 
Towboats:
4,000 hp – 6,600 hp 11  11  11 
3,300 hp - 3,900 hp 2  2  2 
271  271  271 
1,468  1,481  1,479 
______________________
(1)Towboats, harbor boats and launch support boats have been upgraded and maintained to meet or exceed current industry standards.
U.S. Inland Waterways. Inland Services transports various commodities on the U.S. Inland Waterways in dry-cargo barges, primarily grain and grain by-products, fertilizer, steel products, containers and other dry bulk commodities. Grain cargoes primarily move south and originate in the major grain producing areas of the U.S. Industrial cargoes such as steel products (including steel coils), fertilizer and general cargo typically move north. Generally, Inland Services attempts to coordinate the logistical match-up of northbound and southbound movements of cargo to minimize repositioning costs and optimize barge usage. In addition to its barge and towboat activities, Inland Services owns and operates high-speed multi-modal terminal facilities for both dry and liquid commodities and barge fleeting locations in various areas of the U.S. Inland Waterway System.
Magdalena River. Inland Services primarily transports petroleum products outbound from central Colombia to the Caribbean Sea for export or distribution.
Parana-Paraguay Waterway. Inland Services, through its 50% noncontrolling interest in SCFCo, transports various commodities on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway in dry-cargo barges, primarily grains, iron ore, and other bulk commodities.
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Seasonality
The volume of grain transported from the major grain producing areas of the U.S. for export through the U.S. Gulf of Mexico is greatest during the period from mid-August through March. This period is particularly significant to Inland Services because pricing for hauling freight tends to peak during these months in response to higher demand for transportation services. The severity of winter weather can also impact operations and contribute to volatility in revenues and expenses. Harsh winters typically force the upper Mississippi River to close and restrict barge traffic from mid-December to mid-March. Ice can also hinder the navigation of barge traffic on the mid-Mississippi River, the Illinois River, and the upper reaches of the Ohio River. Significant closures could negatively affect Inland Services' utilization, and therefore its results of operations.
The Magdalena River basin has two rainy and two dry seasons annually. The lowest river levels occur from mid-December to mid-February and can cause difficult navigational conditions within the mid and upper river regions, potentially reducing the utilization of Inland Services’ barges in this region during that period.
On the Parana-Paraguay Waterway, water levels are typically lower during December and January and can make navigation difficult on the northern portion of the river. During this time period, barge traffic is primarily focused on transporting grains from Paraguay to Argentina.
Customers and Contractual Arrangements
Bulk Transportation Services. The primary customers for bulk transportation services are major grain exporters, farm cooperatives, importers and distributors of industrial materials, fertilizer companies, trading companies, oil companies and industrial companies. Inland Services’ pooled dry-cargo barges are typically employed on a voyage basis at agreed rates for tons moved and with users having specified days for loading and discharging the cargo. In the trade, this is referred to as a contract of affreightment. If the user exceeds the specified number of days for loading and discharging the barges, the user pays demurrage (revenue to compensate for using the assets longer than allowed by contract). For longer term contracts of affreightment, base rates may be adjusted in response to changes in fuel prices and other operating expenses. Some term contracts provide for the transport of a minimum number of tons of cargo or specific transportation requirements for a particular customer. Inland Services may also lease out barges (“bareboat charter”) to competitors or cargo owners with all expenses being the responsibility of the lessee. Such leases are typically at a fixed rate per day and the duration may vary from short periods necessary for the lessee to perform a single voyage to multi-year charters. Inland Services’ inland river liquid tank barges and specialty barges are operated under term contracts ranging from one to five years.
Port & Infrastructure Services. The primary customers for port and infrastructure services are similar to those of bulk transportation services. Inland Services’ multi-modal terminals are marketed under contractual rates and terms driven by throughput volume. Inland Services' fleeting operations charge a day rate for holding barges in fleeting areas. Harbor boats pick up and drop off barges and assist in assembling tows that are moving up and down the river on line haul towboats. The service is provided for an agreed upon hourly charge. The harbor boats also perform shifting services, which include moving barges to and from the dock for loading and unloading. Typically, shifting is priced based on a fee per move. Inland Services’ fleeting operations also include cleaning, minor repairs to barges and line haul boat assists. Inland Services’ machine shop and shipyard repairs and upgrades towboats, repairs barges and other equipment and provides fabrication and dock repairs, which are charged either on an hourly basis or a fixed fee basis depending on the scope and nature of work.
Logistics Services. The primary customers for logistics services are shippers of raw materials, bulk and finished products. Over-the-road shipping costs, pollution and congestion of roadways are reduced by consolidating multiple containers onto a single barge for shipment. Inland Services also provides local drayage services. Inland Services’ logistics services are primarily marketed under contracted rates.
Managed Services. The primary customers for managed services are typically third-party asset owners.
In 2020, no single customer of Inland Services accounted for 10% or more of the Company's consolidated operating revenues. The ten largest customers of Inland Services accounted for approximately 63% of its operating revenues in 2020. The loss of one or more of its customers could have a material adverse effect on Inland Services’ results of operations.
Competitive Conditions
Bulk Transportation Services. The primary competitors for Inland Services’ bulk transportation services are other barge lines. Inland Services believes that 77% of the domestic dry-cargo hopper barge fleet is controlled by five companies. Railroads also compete for traffic that might otherwise move on the U.S. Inland Waterways.
Barriers to entry include complexity of operations, the difficulty of accumulating a sufficiently large asset base to cycle equipment efficiently, the challenge of hiring qualified personnel to oversee the complex logistics of exchanging equipment between fleets and long haul tows and executing timely placement for loading and discharging. In addition to these factors, Inland Services also benefits from long-term arrangements with key customers and SCF’s reputation for service.
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Inland Services believes the primary barriers to effective competitive entry into the Magdalena River and Parana-Paraguay Waterway markets are similar to those in the U.S. In addition, there are local flag requirements for equipment and local content requirements for operation. The primary competitive factors among established operators are price, availability, reliability and suitability of equipment for the various cargoes moved.
Port & Infrastructure Services. The primary competitors for port and infrastructure services are other terminal and fleet operators. Location and access to inland waterways, rail and roads are Inland Services' primary competitive advantages over other service providers.
Logistics Services. The primary competitors for logistics services are trucking companies and other logistics companies that transport shipping containers and provide drayage services. Location of facilities, road access and the proximity to the U.S. Inland Waterways are Inland Services' primary competitive advantages over other logistics providers.
Managed Services. The primary competitors for managed services are other third-party asset managers.
Witt O’Brien’s
Business, Services and Markets
Witt O’Brien’s, LLC (“Witt O’Brien’s”) provides crisis and emergency management services for both the public and private sectors. These services strengthen clients’ resilience and assist their response to natural and man-made disasters in four core areas:
•Preparedness: planning, training, exercises and compliance services that enhance government and corporate disaster readiness.
•Response: on-site emergency management services that strengthen clients’ ability to manage a disaster, such as a pandemic (COVID-19), an oil spill, vessel incident or hurricane impact.
•Recovery: assisting qualifying clients to plan for, obtain and administer federal disaster recovery funds following major disasters.
•Mitigation: helping clients reduce the impact of future disasters on operations and communities and helping them rebuild stronger after disasters occur.
Witt O’Brien’s contributed 12%, 13% and 16% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Witt O’Brien’s serves markets representing key areas of critical national infrastructure, including government, energy, transportation, healthcare and education, in the United States and abroad.
Customers and Contractual Arrangements
Witt O’Brien’s primary client sectors are government, shipping, energy, manufacturing, technology and education. Services are generally contracted on a project basis, under retainer agreements or through “stand-by” arrangements, whereby Witt O’Brien’s is pre-contracted to support a client if a given set of circumstances arises. Services are generally billed on a time-and-materials basis or through retainer arrangements.
In 2020, no single customer of Witt O'Brien's accounted for 10% or more of the Company's consolidated operating revenues. The ten largest customers of Witt O'Brien's accounted for approximately 73% of its operating revenues in 2020. The loss of one or more of its customers could have a material adverse effect on Witt O'Brien's results of operations.
Competitive Conditions
Each of the services that Witt O’Brien’s provides is offered by others with similar expertise and a roster of personnel with similar experience. Competitors primarily include large management consultant firms, engineering firms and smaller specialty consultant groups. The most important factors in obtaining work are technical credentials of personnel, availability, historical performance and pricing. As a result, there is significant competition for the opportunity of project-related services, activations or selections as the retained provider of services.
Other
The Company has other activities that primarily include:
Cleancor. CLEANCOR Energy Solutions LLC (“Cleancor”) designs, develops and maintains alternative energy and power solutions for end users looking to displace legacy petroleum-based fuels and adopt energy supplies that have a favorable environmental footprint. Cleancor provides liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and compressed natural gas (“CNG”) fuel supply and logistics to commercial, industrial, agricultural and transportation customers and provides natural gas during pipeline supply interruptions due to planned maintenance or other curtailments.
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Noncontrolling investments in various other businesses. These investments primarily include sales, storage, and maintenance support for general aviation in Asia and an agricultural commodity trading and logistics business that is primarily focused on the global origination, and trading and merchandising of sugar and other commodities, pairing producers and buyers and arranging for the transportation and logistics of the product.
Government Regulation
The Company’s ownership, operation, construction and staffing of vessels is subject to significant regulation under various international, federal, state and local laws and regulations, including international conventions and ship registry laws of the nations under which the Company’s vessels are flagged.
Regulatory Matters
Domestically registered vessels are subject to extensive governmental regulation and oversight, including by the United States Coast Guard (“USCG”), the Occupational Safety and Health Administration ("OSHA"), the National Transportation Safety Board (“NTSB”), the U.S. Customs and Border Protection (“CBP”), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (“EPA”) and the U.S. Maritime Administration, as well as in certain instances, applicable state and local laws. These agencies establish safety requirements and standards and are authorized to investigate vessels and accidents and to recommend improved maritime safety standards.
Ocean Services and Inland Services are subject to regulation under the Jones Act and related U.S. cabotage laws, which restrict ownership and operation of vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade (defined as trade between points in the United States), including the transportation of cargo. Subject to limited exceptions, the Jones Act requires that vessels engaged in U.S. coastwise trade be built in the United States, registered under the U.S.-flag, manned by predominantly U.S. crews, and owned and operated by U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. Violation of the Jones Act could prohibit operation of vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade during the period of such non-compliance, result in material fines and subject the Company’s vessels to seizure and forfeiture. Although the Company believes repeal of the Jones Act to be unlikely in the near term due to recent proclamations by the President, any such action could materially harm the Company’s business. For more information on the Jones Act, including certain stock ownership limitations designed to facilitate our compliance with it, see “Risk Factors” in Item 1A of this report.
Ocean Services and Inland Services operate vessels that are registered both in the United States and in a number of foreign jurisdictions. Vessels may be subject to the laws of the applicable jurisdiction as to ownership, registration, manning, environmental protection and safety. In addition, the Company’s vessels are subject to the requirements of a number of international conventions that are applicable to vessels depending on their jurisdiction of registration. Among the more significant of these conventions are: (i) the International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (“MARPOL”); (ii) the International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea, 1974 and 1978 Protocols (“SOLAS”); and (iii) the International Convention on Standards of Training, Certification and Watchkeeping for Seafarers (“STCW”).
The Maritime Labour Convention, 2006 (the “MLC”) establishes comprehensive minimum requirements for working conditions of seafarers including, among other things, conditions of employment, hours of work and rest, grievance and complaints procedures, accommodations, recreational facilities, food and catering, health protection, medical care, welfare, and social security protection. The MLC defines the term "seafarer" to include all persons engaged in work on a vessel in addition to the vessel’s crew. As a result, the Company may be responsible for proving that customer and contractor personnel aboard its vessels have contracts of employment that comply with the MLC requirements. The Company could also be responsible for salaries and/or benefits of third parties that may board one of the Company’s vessels. The MLC requires certain vessels that engage in international trade to maintain a valid Maritime Labour Certificate issued by their flag administration. Although the United States is not a party to the MLC, U.S.-flag vessels operating internationally must comply with the MLC when calling on a port in a country that is a party to the MLC. The Company has developed and implemented a fleetwide action plan to comply with the MLC to the extent applicable to its vessels.
Certain of our commercial vessels are classed by an international classification society authorized by its country of registry and are subject to survey and inspection by shipping regulatory bodies. The international classification society certifies that a vessel is safe and seaworthy in accordance with the applicable rules and regulations of the country of registry of the vessel and SOLAS. All of Ocean Services’ vessels are subject to the periodic inspection, survey, dry-docking and maintenance requirements of the USCG, the American Bureau of Shipping (“ABS”), or other marine classification societies.
Under the Merchant Marine Act of 1936, the Company’s U.S.-flagged vessels are subject to requisitioning by the U.S. Government under certain terms and conditions during a national emergency, as described further under “Item 1A. Risk Factors” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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The Maritime Security Act of 1996 created the Maritime Security Program (the "MSP") and authorized annual payments, subject to annual Congressional appropriations, for privately-owned and militarily useful U.S.-flag vessel in exchange for commitments from the vessel owners to move U.S. military cargoes in the time of war or national emergency. Congress amended the MSP to increase the number of U.S.-flag vessels eligible to participate from 47 to 60 vessels and to incrementally increase the level of authorized payments under the program. In December of 2019, Congress extended the MSP through fiscal year 2035 and increased the authorized level of MSP payments in specific increments from the current annual rate of $5.0 million per vessel, to $5.2 million per vessel beginning in fiscal year 2021 and to higher amounts in later years. The Company currently has six vessels enrolled in the MSP. These vessels are under contract with the U.S. government through fiscal year 2025 and the Company anticipates that all six of these contracts will be extended in the near future through fiscal year 2035. MSP payments are subject to annual appropriations by Congress. In the event that Congress does not fully fund the MSP, the Maritime Security Act permits MSP participants, including the Company, to re-flag their vessels under foreign registry under an expedited procedure.
The Company is required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to its vessels. The Company’s failure to maintain or comply with these authorizations could adversely impact its operations.
A wide range of domestic governmental agencies, including the USCG, the EPA, the U.S. Department of Transportation’s Office of Pipeline Safety, the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, the Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement, and certain individual states regulate vessels (and other structures) in accordance with the requirements of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 (“OPA 90”) or under analogous state law. There is currently little uniformity among the regulations issued by these agencies and states, which increases the Company’s compliance costs and risk of non-compliance.
Although the Company faces risk when managing responses to third-party oil spills, a responder engaged in emergency and crisis activities has immunity from liability under federal law and all U.S. coastal state laws for any spills arising from its response efforts, except in the event of death or personal injury or as a result of its gross negligence or willful misconduct. The Company may also have derivative immunity when working under the orders of authorized federal officials.
Environmental Compliance
The Company is subject to extensive federal, state, local and international environmental and safety laws, regulations and to comprehensive international conventions, including those related to the discharge of oil and pollutants into waters regulated thereunder. Violations of these laws may result in civil and criminal penalties, fines, injunctions or other sanctions, any of which could be material.
The Company does not expect that it will be required to make capital expenditures in the near future that would be material to its financial position or operations to comply with environmental laws and regulations; however, because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly strict requirements, the Company cannot predict the ultimate cost of complying with these laws and regulations.
OPA 90 establishes a regulatory and liability regime for the protection of the environment from oil spills. OPA 90 applies to owners and operators of facilities operating near navigable waters of the United States and owners, operators and bareboat charterers of vessels operating in U.S. waters, which include the navigable waters of the United States and the 200-mile Exclusive Economic Zone (“EEZ”) around the United States. For purposes of its liability limits and financial responsibility, and response planning requirements, OPA 90 differentiates between tank vessels (such as the Company’s petroleum and chemical carriers and liquid tank barges) and “other vessels” (such as the Company’s tugs and dry-cargo barges).
Under OPA 90, owners and operators of regulated facilities and owners and operators or bareboat charterers of vessels are “responsible parties” and may be jointly, severally and strictly liable for removal costs and damages arising from facility and vessel oil spills or threatened spills up to certain limits of liability as discussed further below. Damages are defined broadly to include: (i) injury to natural resources and the costs of remediation thereof; (ii) injury to, or economic losses resulting from the destruction of, real and personal property; (iii) net loss by various governmental bodies of taxes, royalties, rents, fees or profits; (iv) lost profits or impairment of earning capacity due to property or natural resources damage; (v) net costs of providing increased or additional public services necessitated by a spill response, such as protection from fire or other hazards or taking additional safety precautions; and (vi) loss of subsistence use of available natural resources.
OPA 90 limits liability for responsible parties for nontank vessels to the greater of $1,100 per gross ton or $939,800 and for tank vessels to the greater of $3,500 per gross ton or $25,845,600. These liability limits do not apply (a) if an incident is caused by the responsible party’s violation of federal safety, construction or operating regulations or by the responsible party’s gross negligence or willful misconduct, (b) if the responsible party fails to report the incident or to provide reasonable cooperation and assistance in connection with oil removal activities as required by a responsible official or (c) if the responsible party fails to comply with an order issued under OPA 90.

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The OPA 90 regulations also implement the financial responsibility requirements of the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation and Liability Act (“CERCLA”), which imposes liability for discharges of hazardous substances, similar to OPA 90, and provides compensation for cleanup, removal and natural resource damages. Liability per vessel under CERCLA is limited to the greater of $300 per gross ton or $5.0 million, unless the incident is caused by gross negligence, willful misconduct, or a violation of certain regulations, in which case liability is unlimited.
Under the Nontank Vessel Response Plan Final Rule, owners and operators of nontank vessels are required to prepare Nontank Vessel Response Plans. The Company expects its pollution liability insurance to cover spill removal costs, subject to coverage deductibles and limitations, including a cap of $1.0 billion. The Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows could be materially adversely affected if it incurs spill liability under circumstances in which the insurance carrier fails or refuses to provide coverage or the loss exceeds the Company’s coverage limitations.
MARPOL is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by vessels from operational or accidental discharges. It is implemented in the United States pursuant to the Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships. Since the 1990s, the Department of Justice (“DOJ”) has been aggressively enforcing U.S. criminal laws against vessel owners, operators, managers, crewmembers, shoreside personnel and corporate officers related to violations of MARPOL. Violations have frequently related to pollution prevention devices, such as the oily-water separator, and include falsifying records, obstructing justice, and making false statements. In certain cases, responsible shipboard officers and shoreside officials have been sentenced to prison. In addition, the DOJ has required most defendants to implement a comprehensive environmental compliance plan (“ECP”) or risk losing the ability to trade in U.S. waters. If the Company is subjected to a DOJ prosecution, it could suffer significant adverse effects, including substantial criminal penalties and defense costs, reputational damages and costs associated with the implementation of an ECP.
The Clean Water Act (“CWA”) prohibits the discharge of “pollutants” into the navigable waters of the United States. The CWA also prohibits the discharge of oil or hazardous substances into navigable waters of the United States and the EEZ around the United States and imposes civil and criminal penalties for unauthorized discharges, thereby creating exposures in addition to those arising under OPA 90 and CERCLA.
The CWA also established the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (“NPDES”) permitting program, which governs discharges of pollutants into navigable waters of the United States. Pursuant to the NPDES program, the EPA has issued Vessel General Permits covering discharges incidental to normal vessel operations. The EPA issued the 2013 Vessel General Permit (“2013 VGP”) in early 2013 with an effective five-year period of December 19, 2013 to December 18, 2018. In light of the recent legislation described below, the 2013 VGP continues to apply to U.S.-flag and foreign-flag commercial vessels that are at least 79 feet in length and operate within the three-mile territorial sea of the United States. The 2013 VGP requires vessel owners and operators to adhere to “best management practices” to manage the covered discharges that occur normally in the operation of a vessel, including ballast water, and implements various training, inspection, monitoring, recordkeeping, and reporting requirements, as well as corrective actions upon identification of deficiencies. The Company has filed a Notice of Intent to be covered by the 2013 VGP for each of the Company's ships that operate in U.S. waters.
In late 2018, the U.S. Congress passed the Vessel Incidental Discharge Act (“VIDA”), which establishes a new framework for the regulation of vessel incident discharges. In October of 2020, the EPA published proposed performance standards for vessel incidental discharges, and the EPA is expected to publish final standards in 2021. VIDA requires the EPA to develop performance standards for those discharges within two years of enactment and requires the USCG to develop implementation, compliance, and enforcement regulations within two years of the EPA’s promulgation of standards. VIDA extends the 2013 VGP’s provisions, leaving them in effect until new regulations are final and enforceable. Non-military, non-recreational vessels greater than 79 feet in length must continue to comply with the requirements of the 2013 VGP, including submission of annual reports. The Company can provide no assurance when the new regulations and performance standards will be issued, nor can it predict what additional costs it may incur to comply with any such new regulations and performance standards.
Many countries have ratified and are thus subject to the liability scheme adopted by the International Maritime Organization (“IMO”) and set out in the International Convention on Civil Liability for Oil Pollution Damage of 1969 (the “1969 Convention”). Some of these countries have also adopted the 1992 Protocol to the 1969 Convention (the “1992 Protocol”). Under both the 1969 Convention and the 1992 Protocol, a vessel’s registered owner is strictly liable for pollution damage caused in the territorial waters of a contracting state by discharge of persistent oil from ships carrying oil in bulk as cargo, subject to certain complete defenses. These conventions also limit the liability of the shipowner under certain circumstances, provided the discharge was not caused by the shipowner’s actual fault or intentional or reckless misconduct.
Vessels trading to countries that are parties to these conventions must provide evidence of insurance covering the liability of the owner. The Company believes that its Protection and Indemnity (“P&I”) insurance will cover any liability under these conventions, subject to applicable policy deductibles, exclusions and limitations.

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The United States is not a party to the 1969 Convention or the 1992 Protocol and, as a result, OPA 90, CERCLA, CWA and other federal and state laws apply in the United States as discussed above. In other jurisdictions where the 1969 Convention has not been adopted, various legislative and regulatory schemes or common law govern, and liability is imposed either on the basis of fault or in a manner similar to that convention.
The International Convention on Civil Liability for Bunker Oil Pollution Damage, 2001 was adopted to ensure that adequate, prompt and effective compensation is available to persons who suffer damage caused by spills of oil when used as fuel by vessels. The convention applies to damage caused to the territory, including the territorial sea, and in the EEZs, of the countries that are party to it. Although the United States has not ratified this convention, U.S.-flag vessels operating internationally would be subject to it if they sail within the territorial waters of those countries that have implemented its provisions. The Company believes that its vessels comply with these requirements.
The National Invasive Species Act (“NISA”) was enacted in the United States in 1996 in response to growing reports of harmful organisms being released into United States waters through ballast water taken on by vessels in foreign ports. The USCG adopted regulations under NISA that impose mandatory ballast water management practices for all vessels equipped with ballast water tanks entering U.S. waters. All new vessels constructed on or after December 1, 2013, regardless of ballast water capacity, must comply with these requirements on delivery from the shipyard absent an extension from the USCG. Existing vessels with a ballast water capacity between 1,500 and 5,000 cubic meters must comply by their first scheduled dry-docking after January 1, 2014 or obtain a USCG extension. For non-exempt vessels, ballast water treatment equipment may be required to be utilized on the vessel. The Company believes that its vessels comply with these requirements.
Some U.S. states have enacted legislation or regulations to address invasive species through ballast water and hull cleaning management and permitting requirements, which in many cases have also become part of the state’s 2013 VGP certification. Other states may proceed with the enactment of similar requirements that could increase the Company’s costs of operating in state waters.
The IMO ratified the International Convention for the Control and Management of Ships’ Ballast Water Sediments on September 8, 2016, otherwise known as the Ballast Water Management Convention (the “BWM Convention”). The Company’s vessels that operate internationally will have to become compliant with international ballast water management regulations by their first renewal survey of the International Oil Pollution Prevention (“IOPP”) Certificate issued under MARPOL after September 8, 2017. Because the United States is not a party to the BWM Convention, those vessels may have to install an IMO approved ballast water management system (“BWMS”) or use one of the other management options under the BWM Convention.
The U.S. Endangered Species Act, related regulations and comparable state laws protect species threatened with possible extinction. Protection may include restrictions on the speed of vessels in certain ocean waters and may require the Company to change the routes of the Company’s vessels during particular periods or incur additional operating expenses.
The Clean Air Act (as amended, the “CAA”) requires the EPA to promulgate standards applicable to emissions of volatile organic compounds and other air contaminants. The CAA also requires states to submit State Implementation Plans (“SIPs”), which are designed to attain national health-based air quality standards throughout the United States, including major metropolitan or industrial areas. Several SIPs regulate emissions resulting from vessel loading and unloading operations by requiring the installation of vapor control equipment. The EPA and some states have each proposed more stringent regulations of air emissions from propulsion and auxiliary engines on oceangoing vessels.
MARPOL also addresses air emissions, including emissions of sulfur and nitrous oxide (“NOx”), from vessels, including a requirement to use low sulfur fuels worldwide in both auxiliary and main propulsion diesel engines on vessels. As of January 1, 2020, vessels worldwide are required to use fuel with a sulfur content no greater than 0.5%, which is a reduction from the prior sulfur limit of 3.5%. As a result of this reduction, fuel costs for vessel operators could rise dramatically as fuel supply options are constrained, which could adversely affect the Company’s profitability or its results of operations. MARPOL also imposes NOx emissions standards on installed marine diesel engines of over 130 kW output power other than those used solely for emergency purposes irrespective of the tonnage of the vessel into which such an engine is installed. The actual NOx limit is determined by a variety of factors, including the vessel’s construction date, the rated speed of the vessel’s engine, and the area in which the vessel is operating.
More stringent sulfur and NOx requirements apply in certain designated Emission Control Areas (“ECAs”). There are currently four ECAs worldwide: the Baltic Sea ECA, North Sea ECA, North American ECA and U.S. Caribbean ECA. As of January 1, 2015, vessels operating in an ECA must burn fuel with a sulfur content no greater than 0.1%. Further, marine diesel engines on vessels constructed on or after January 1, 2016 that are operated in an ECA must meet the stringent NOx standards described above.

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The Company’s operations occasionally generate and require the transportation, treatment and disposal of both hazardous and non-hazardous solid wastes that are subject in the United States to the requirements of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (“RCRA”) or comparable state, local or foreign requirements. From time to time, the Company arranges for the disposal of hazardous waste or hazardous substances at offsite disposal facilities. The EPA has a longstanding policy that RCRA only applies after wastes are “purposely removed” from a vessel. As a general matter, with certain exceptions, vessel owners and operators are required to determine if their wastes are hazardous, obtain a generator identification number, comply with certain standards for the proper management of hazardous wastes, and use hazardous waste manifests for shipments to disposal facilities. Moreover, vessel owners and operators may be subject to more stringent state hazardous waste requirements. If such materials are improperly disposed of by third parties with which the Company contracts, the Company could potentially still be held liable for cleanup costs under applicable laws.
MARPOL also governs the discharge of garbage from ships. MARPOL defines certain sea areas, such as the “Wider Caribbean region,” requiring a higher level of protection than other areas of the sea.
Applicable MARPOL regulations provide for strict garbage management procedures and documentation requirements for all vessels and fixed and floating platforms. These regulations impose a general prohibition on the discharge of all garbage unless the discharge is expressly provided for under the regulations. The regulations have greatly reduced the amount of garbage that vessels are allowed to dispose of at sea and have increased the Company’s costs of disposing garbage remaining on board vessels at their port calls.
Various international conventions and federal, state and local laws and regulations have been considered or implemented to address the environmental effects of emissions of greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide and methane. The U.S. Congress has considered, but not adopted, legislation designed to reduce emission of greenhouse gases. At United Nations climate change conferences over the past few decades, various countries have agreed to specific international accords or protocols to establish limitations on greenhouse gas emissions. In 2015, various countries adopted the Paris Agreement, which seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to slow global warming. While the U.S. signed the Paris Agreement in 2016, it formally withdrew from the agreement in 2020. In January 2021, the President issued an executive order announcing that the U.S. will be rejoining the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement does not specifically mention shipping.
The IMO has announced its intention to develop limits on greenhouse gases from international shipping and is working on proposed mandatory technical and operational measures to achieve these limits. The first step toward this goal occurred in October 2016, when the IMO adopted a system for collecting data on ships’ fuel-oil consumption, which will be mandatory and apply globally. In 2020, the IMO proposed amendments to MARPOL that would require vessels to combine a technical and an operation approach to reduce their carbon intensity. The measures are aimed at reducing carbon intensity of international shipping by 40% by 2030, compared to 2008.
Member states of the European Union are required to take steps to ensure that ships operating in the Baltic, the North Sea and the English Channel are using fuels with a sulfur content of no more than 0.1%. In addition, the European Parliament and E.U. Council have adopted a series of regulations that establish a system for monitoring, reporting and verifying emissions from vessels of 5,000 or more gross tons calling at E.U. ports.
In the United States, pursuant to an April 2007 decision of the U.S. Supreme Court, the EPA was required to consider whether carbon dioxide should be considered a pollutant that endangers public health and welfare, and thus subject to regulation under the CAA. In October 2007, the California Attorney General and a coalition of environmental groups petitioned the EPA to regulate greenhouse gas emissions from oceangoing vessels under the CAA. On December 1, 2009, the EPA issued an “endangerment finding” regarding greenhouse gases under the CAA. To date, the regulations proposed and enacted by the EPA regarding carbon dioxide have not specifically involved oceangoing vessels. Under MARPOL, vessels operating in designated ECAs are required to meet fuel sulfur limits and NOx emission limits, including the use of engines that meet the EPA standards for NOx emissions as discussed above.
Any future adoption of climate control treaties, legislation or other regulatory measures by the United Nations, IMO, United States, the European Union or other countries where the Company operates that restrict emissions of greenhouse gases could result in financial and operational impacts on the Company’s business (including potential capital expenditures to reduce such emissions) that the Company cannot predict with certainty at this time. In addition, there may be significant physical effects of climate change from such emissions that have the potential to negatively impact the Company’s customers, personnel, and physical assets any of which could adversely impact cargo levels, the demand for Company’s services or the Company’s ability to recruit personnel.
The Company seeks to manage exposure to losses from the above-described laws through its development of appropriate risk management programs, including compliance programs, safety management systems and insurance programs. Although the Company believes these programs mitigate its legal risk, there can be no assurance that any future regulations or requirements or any discharge or emission of pollutants by the Company will not have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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Security
In recent years, the USCG, the IMO, states and local ports have adopted heightened security procedures relating to ports and vessels.
To implement certain portions of the the U.S. Maritime Transportation Security Act of 2002 (“MTSA”) in July 2003 the USCG issued regulations requiring the implementation of certain security requirements aboard vessels operating in waters subject to the jurisdiction of the United States. Similarly, in December 2002, the IMO adopted amendments to SOLAS, known as the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (the “ISPS Code”), creating a new chapter dealing specifically with maritime security. The chapter imposes various detailed security obligations on vessels and port authorities. Among the various requirements under MTSA and/or the ISPS Code are:
•onboard installation of automatic information systems to enhance vessel-to-vessel and vessel-to-shore communications;
•onboard installation of ship security alert systems;
•the development of vessel and facility security plans;
•the implementation of a Transportation Worker Identification Credential program; and
•compliance with flag state security certification requirements.
The USCG regulations, which are intended to align with international maritime security standards, generally deem foreign-flag vessels to be in compliance with MTSA vessel security measures provided such vessels have onboard a valid International Ship Security Certificate that attests to the vessel’s compliance with SOLAS security requirements and the ISPS Code. However, U.S.-flag vessels that are engaged in international trade must comply with all of the security measures required by MTSA, as well as SOLAS and the ISPS Code.
In response to these security programs and applicable regulations, the Company has implemented security plans and procedures for each of its U.S.-flag vessels, its terminal operation in Sauget, Illinois and its Port Dania facility in Dania Beach, Florida.
The International Safety Management Code (“ISM Code”), adopted by the IMO as an amendment to SOLAS, provides international standards for the safe management and operation of ships and for the prevention of marine pollution from ships. The United States enforces the ISM Code for all U.S.-flag vessels and those foreign-flag vessels that call at U.S. ports. All of the Company’s vessels that are 500 or more gross tons are required to be certified under the standards set forth in the ISM Code’s safety and pollution protocols. The Company also voluntarily complies with these protocols for some vessels that are under the mandatory 500 gross ton threshold. Under the ISM Code, vessel operators are required to develop an extensive safety management system (“SMS”) that includes, among other things, the adoption of a written system of safety and environmental protection policies setting forth instructions and procedures for operating their vessels subject to the ISM Code, and describing procedures for responding to emergencies. The Company has developed such a safety management system. These SMS policies apply to both the vessel and shore-side personnel and are vessel specific. The ISM Code also requires a Document of Compliance (“DOC”) to be obtained for the vessel manager and a Safety Management Certificate (“SMC”) to be obtained for each vessel subject to the ISM Code that it operates or manages. The Company has obtained DOCs for its shore-side offices that have responsibility for vessel management and SMCs for each of the vessels that such offices operate or manage.
Noncompliance with the ISM Code and other IMO regulations may subject the shipowner or charterer to increased liability, may lead to decreases in available insurance coverage for affected vessels and may result in the denial of access to, or detention in, some ports. For example, the USCG authorities have indicated that vessels not in compliance with the ISM Code will be prohibited from trading to United States ports.
Industry Hazards and Insurance
Vessel operations involve inherent risks associated with carrying large volumes of cargo and rendering services in a marine environment. Hazards include adverse weather conditions, collisions, fire and mechanical failures, which may result in death or injury to personnel, damage to equipment, loss of operating revenues, contamination of cargo, pollution and other environmental damages and increased costs. The Company maintains hull, liability and war risk, general liability, workers compensation and other insurance customary in the industries in which the Company operates. The Company believes it will be able to renew any expiring policy without causing a material adverse effect on the Company. The Company also conducts training and safety programs to promote a safe working environment and minimize hazards.
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Employees and Human Capital Management
As of December 31, 2020, the Company employed 2,195 individuals. In the United States, a total of 811 employees in Ocean Services and Inland Services are unionized under collective bargaining agreements that expire at varying times through August 31, 2022.
Management considers relations with its employees to be satisfactory.
The Company’s health and safety programs are designed to address applicable regulations as well as the specific hazards and work environments of each of our vessels and shore-based facilities. The Company regularly conducts safety reviews at each of its locations to ensure compliance with applicable regulations and all policies and procedures. In addition, the Company utilizes metrics to assess the performance of its health and safety policies and procedures.
Since the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic, the health and safety of the Company’s employees has been its highest priority. The Company immediately implemented several changes to enhance COVID-19 safety and mitigate related health risks in its work environment. For the Company’s non-vessel locations and operations, these included additional contactless hand sanitizing stations, protective equipment, social distancing guidelines, and increased cleaning and sanitization. For the Company's vessel operations, these included personal protective equipment to all crew members, electronic approval system for any visitors/vendors boarding its vessels, and depending upon vessel type and location, either pre-boarding COVID-19 screening questionnaires, pre-boarding COVID-19 testing or sanitization and cleaning between crew changes.
To retain our employees we offer competitive pay and comprehensive benefit programs including medical, dental and vision care, life and disability insurance coverage as well as a defined contribution plan with a company match.
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ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Summary of Risk Factors
The Company’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may be adversely affected by numerous risks. Material risks that the Company is aware of are summarized and described in more detail below, but there could be risks of which the Company is not aware or risks that could be material that are not identified as such at this time. Carefully consider the risks summarized and described in detail below, as well as the other information that has been provided in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Additional risks and circumstances, not presently known to management, or perceived as a threat, may exist or materialize and could also impair the Company’s business operations. Material risks that may affect our business, operating results and financial condition include, but are not necessarily limited to, those relating to:
Risks Related to Our Business
•the COVID-19 outbreak and its impact on the global economy;
•construction of refined petroleum product, natural gas or crude oil pipelines;
•declining demand for our products or changes in existing methods of delivery;
•loss of customers or marketing agreements;
•increase in the supply of vessels, barges or equipment the Company operates could have an adverse impact on the rates earned by the Company’s vessels, barges and equipment;
•inability to renew or replace expiring customer contracts;
•the lease from third parties of certain vessels the Company operates;
•exposure to liability from hazards customary for the operation of vessels;
•failure to successfully complete construction or conversion of the Company’s vessels, repairs, maintenance or routine dry-dockings on schedule and on budget;
•unexpected dry-dock costs for the Company’s vessels;
•the aging infrastructure on the U.S. Inland Waterways may lead to increased costs and disruptions in Inland Services’ operations;
Risks Related to the Merger Agreement
•the announcement and pendency of our acquisition pursuant to the Merger Agreement;
•delay or disruption to the proposed acquisition due to failure to satisfy various conditions;
•failure to complete the tender offer and the merger;
•litigation connected to the Merger Agreement;
•restrictions on business operations imposed by the Merger Agreement prior to closing;
•the Merger Agreement contains provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us prior to the completion of the tender offer and the merger;
•if the tender offer and the merger are completed, our current stockholders will forego any future increase in our value;
•our executive officers and directors may have interests that are different from, or in addition to, those of our stockholders generally;
Risks Related to Our Financial Results, Finances and Capital Structure
•risks associated with the Company’s debt structure;
•exposure to risks based on hedging activities;
•the potentially limited ability to access capital markets;
•certain foreign currency, interest rate, fixed-income, equity and commodity price risks;
•maintaining the Company’s current fleet size and configuration and acquiring vessels required for additional future growth;
•risks related to internal control over financial reporting;
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•Increased security and inspection procedures and tighter import and export controls could increase costs and disrupt the Company’s business;
•risks related to Inland Services;
Risks Related to Our Common Stock
•adverse affect on the liquidity of the Company’s Common Stock that may occur due to the restrictions in the Company’s Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws;
•if non-U.S. citizens own more than 22.5% of SEACOR’s Common Stock, the Company may not have the funds or the ability to redeem any excess shares and it could be forced to suspend its operations in the U.S. coastwise trade;
•adverse affect on the market price of the Company’s Common Stock that may occur due to significant exercises of stock options or conversion of convertible debt;
Risks Related to Legal, Tax and Regulatory Matters
•changes in U.S. policies governing foreign trade, international travel, immigration, manufacturing and foreign investment;
•the potential for adverse results of legal proceedings;
•risks associated with international operations;
•the Company and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities if there is a determination that the Spin-off was taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes;
•potential liability in connection with the Company’s provision of spill response services, as well as its obligations relating to the Deepwater Horizon incident;
•repeal, Amendment, Suspension or Non-Enforcement of the Jones Act would result in additional competition for Ocean Services and Inland Services;
•the Company’s potential inability to sell off its business due to restrictions on non-U.S. citizen ownership of the its vessels;
•compliance with complex laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations.
Risks Related to Our Business
The COVID-19 outbreak has and will likely continue to negatively affect the global economy and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's businesses, results of operations and financial condition. On March 11, 2020, the World Health Organization characterized COVID-19 as a pandemic. The COVID-19 pandemic, and the responses of governments worldwide to COVID-19, are having a negative impact on regional, national and global economies and reducing international trade and business activity. The pandemic has caused many governments throughout the world to implement stay-at-home orders, quarantines, significant restrictions on travel and other social distancing measures including restrictions that prohibit many employees from commuting to their customary work locations. Many of these restrictions have remained in place for months and in light of recent increases in infections rates, as well as the emergence of more contagious strains of the virus, may continue in one fashion or another for the foreseeable future. The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic may impact our business in a variety of ways, including, but not limited to:
•Our ability to operate, as well as our partners' and/or customers' ability to operate in affected areas, has been and may continue to be hindered, which may cause our business and operating results to decline.
•Customers may have difficulty meeting their payment obligations to us.
•A significant outbreak out one or more facilities utilized by us to perform maintenance on our vessels could delay both scheduled and unscheduled repair and maintenance activities.
•To the extent a number of our employees, including our executive officers, are impacted in significant numbers by the virus and are not available to work, our business and operating results may be negatively impacted.
•The extent of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our business, financial performance and liquidity, will depend on future developments, including the duration and severity of the pandemic, as well the timing of the global availability of vaccines and other therapeutic measures, none of which can be predicted.
Any of the foregoing factors, or other cascading effects of the COVID-19 pandemic that are not currently foreseeable, could have a material adverse effect on our business, results of operations, financial condition and/or cash flows. Furthermore, our business could be adversely affected in the future by the effects of other health epidemics and the widespread outbreak of different contagious diseases other than COVID-19.
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Although the COVID-19 pandemic has not to date had a material effect on the Company's businesses or the Company’s liquidity, it is a dynamic and continuously evolving phenomenon and the ultimate severity of the outbreak is uncertain at this time. If the pandemic worsens or additional restrictions are implemented to contain the outbreak, the Company may experience a material and adverse effect on its business, results of operations and financial condition.
Construction of additional refined petroleum product, natural gas or crude oil pipelines could have a material adverse effect on Ocean Services’ revenues. Long-haul transportation of refined petroleum products, crude oil and natural gas is generally less costly by pipeline than by ship. Existing pipeline systems are either insufficient to meet demand in, or do not reach, all of the markets served by Ocean Services’ petroleum and chemical carriers. As a result, the Company’s customers require the services provided by Ocean Services to meet demand. However, the construction and operation of new pipeline segments could replace the demand for Ocean Services’ services and have a material adverse effect on Ocean Services’ business.
Revenues from Ocean Services could be adversely affected by a decline in demand for domestic refined petroleum products, crude oil or chemical products, or a change in existing methods of delivery or consumption. A reduction in domestic consumption of refined petroleum products, crude oil or chemical products, whether as a result of a general economic slow-down, a dynamic global event such as the COVID-19 pandemic, or the availability of other sources of energy, or the widespread adoption of alternatives to engines that utilize oil and oil derivatives such as electronic engines for cars, trucks and other vehicles, as well as the development of alternative methods of delivery of such products, or an increase in domestic sources of such products or in refining capacity, could reduce demand for the Company’s services.
Ocean Services, Inland Services and Witt O’Brien’s rely on several customers and marketing agreements for a significant share of their revenues, the loss of any of which could adversely affect each of their businesses and operating results. As of December 31, 2020, one Ocean Services customer accounted for 10% of the Company’s consolidated operating revenues. While no other business had a single customer account for more than 10% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues, each do have customers that are significant to their results and the portion of Ocean Services, Inland Services and Witt O’Brien’s revenues attributable to any single customer may change over time, depending on the level of relevant activity by any such customer, the segment’s ability to meet the customer’s needs and other factors, many of which are beyond the Company’s control. The loss by any segment of business from a significant customer could have a material adverse effect on such segment’s or the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows. Further, to the extent any of the Company’s customers experience an extended period of operating difficulty, the Company’s revenues, results of operations and cash flows could be materially adversely effected.
Consolidation of the Company’s customer base could adversely affect demand for its services and reduce its revenues. In recent years, oil and natural gas companies, energy companies, major grain exporters and farm cooperatives, importers and distributors of industrial materials, agricultural companies, fertilizer companies, trading companies, and industrial companies, which make up a significant portion of the Company’s customer base, have undergone substantial consolidation and additional consolidation is possible. Consolidation results in fewer companies to charter or contract for the Company’s services, which could adversely affect demand for the Company’s petroleum and chemical carriers thereby reducing the Company’s revenues.
An increase in the supply of vessels, barges or equipment the Company operates could have an adverse impact on the rates earned by the Company’s vessels, barges and equipment. The Company’s industry is highly competitive, with vessel oversupply and intense price competition. Expansion of the supply of vessels, barges and equipment would further increase competition in the markets in which the Company operates. The refurbishment of disused or “mothballed” vessels and barges, conversion of vessels from other uses or construction of new vessels, barges and equipment could all add vessel, barge and equipment capacity to current worldwide levels. A significant increase in vessel, barge and equipment capacity could lower rates and result in lower operating revenues.
The Company may not be able to renew or replace expiring contracts for its vessels. The Company’s ability to renew or replace expiring contracts or obtain new contracts, and the terms of any such contracts, for the use of its vessels will depend on various factors, including market conditions and the specific needs of the Company’s customers. Given the highly competitive and historically cyclical nature of the Company’s industry, the Company may not be able to renew or replace the contracts or may be required to renew or replace expiring contracts or obtain new contracts at rates that are below, and potentially substantially below, existing rates, or that have terms that are less favorable to the Company than its existing contracts. In addition, price competition tends to increase in distressed economic environments. Further, newer, more technologically advanced vessels may be more desirable, and the presence of those vessels in our fleets and those of our competitors may decrease the demand for other vessels in our fleet and decrease the resale value of those other vessels. This could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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The Company leases certain of the vessels it operates. Certain vessels operated by the Company are leased from third parties. The Company is exposed to the risk that the vessel owner may be unwilling or unable to continue to renew the leasing arrangement in the future on terms favorable to the Company or at all. If any such leases are terminated, the Company's ability to provide services to its customers could be adversely impacted.
The Company is subject to hazards customary for the operation of vessels that could disrupt operations and expose the Company to liability. The operation of petroleum and chemical carriers, short-sea container, Roll On/Roll Off vessels, Pure Car/Truck Carriers, bulk carriers, towboats, tugs and barges is subject to various risks, including catastrophic disaster, adverse weather, mechanical failure and collision. For instance, the Company’s operations in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, Atlantic Ocean and Caribbean Sea may be adversely affected by weather, including severe hurricanes and tropical storms, which have adversely affected the Company in the past. Tropical storms and hurricanes may limit the Company’s ability to operate its vessels in the proximity of storms, reduce development and production activity, result in the Company incurring additional expenses to secure equipment and facilities or require the Company to evacuate its vessels, personnel and equipment out of the path of a storm. Additional risks to vessels include adverse sea conditions, capsizing, grounding, oil and hazardous substance spills and navigation errors. These risks could endanger the safety of the Company’s personnel, equipment, cargo and other property, as well as the environment. If any of these events were to occur, the Company could be held liable for resulting damages, including loss of revenues from or termination of charter contracts, higher insurance rates or loss of insurance, increased operating costs, increased governmental regulation and reporting and damage to the Company’s reputation and customer relationships. Any such events would likely result in negative publicity for the Company and adversely affect its safety record, which would likely affect demand for the Company’s services. In addition, the affected vessels could be removed from service and would then not be available to generate revenues.
The failure to successfully complete construction or conversion of the Company’s vessels, repairs, maintenance or routine dry-dockings on schedule and on budget could adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. From time to time, the Company may have a number of vessels under conversion and may plan to construct or convert other vessels in response to current and future market conditions. The Company also routinely engages shipyards to dry-dock vessels for regulatory compliance and to provide repair and maintenance services. Construction and conversion projects and dry-dockings are subject to risks of delay and cost overruns, resulting from shortages of equipment, lack of shipyard availability, unforeseen engineering problems, work stoppages, weather interference, unanticipated cost increases, inability to obtain necessary certifications and approvals, and shortages of materials or skilled labor and, potentially, the outbreak of communicable diseases at the yards, such as COVID-19. A significant delay in either construction or dry-dockings could have a material adverse effect on contract commitments and revenues with respect to vessels under construction, conversion or undergoing dry-dockings. Significant cost overruns or delays for vessels under construction, conversion or retrofit could also adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company may face unexpected dry-dock costs for its vessels. Vessels must be dry-docked periodically for inspection and maintenance, and in the event of accidents or other unforeseen damage. The cost of repairs and renewals required at each dry-dock are difficult to predict with certainty, can be substantial and the Company's insurance may not cover these costs. Vessels in dry-dock will generally not generate any income. Large dry-docking expenses could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows. In addition, the time when a vessel is out of service for maintenance is determined by a number of factors including regulatory deadlines, market conditions, shipyard availability and customer requirements. Large dry-docking expenses and longer than anticipated off-hire time could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
The aging infrastructure on the U.S. Inland Waterways may lead to increased costs and disruptions in Inland Services’ operations. Many of the locks and dams on the U.S. Inland Waterways were built early in the last century, and their age makes them costly to maintain and susceptible to unscheduled maintenance outages. Delays caused by malfunctioning locks and dams could increase Inland Services’ operating costs and delay the delivery of cargoes. Moreover, in the future, increased taxes could be imposed on users of the U.S. Inland Waterways to fund necessary infrastructure improvements, and such increases may not be recoverable by Inland Services through pricing increases. In addition, infrastructure improvements in other such modes of transportation could result in increased competition for inland barge transport relative to other modes of transportation if such other modes of transportation become more economical or accessible. The foregoing risks could make inland barge transport less competitive than rail and other modes of transportation, and could adversely impact Inland Services’ results of operations and cash flows.
Maintaining the Company’s current fleet size and configuration and acquiring vessels required for additional future growth require significant capital. Expenditures required for the repair, certification and maintenance of a vessel typically increase with vessel age. These expenditures may increase to a level at which they are not economically justifiable and, therefore, to maintain the Company’s current fleet size, it may seek to construct or acquire additional vessels. Also, customers may prefer modern vessels over older vessels, especially in weaker markets and some potential customers may not be willing to use vessels older than a specified age, even if the vessel has been subsequently rebuilt. The cost of adding a new
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vessel to the Company’s fleet can be substantial. The Company can give no assurance that it will have sufficient capital resources to build or acquire the vessels required to expand or to maintain its current fleet size and vessel configuration.
Ocean Services' participation in the MSP subjects the Company to certain financial risks. As noted in "Item 1. Government Regulation - Regulatory Matters" on this report, the Company currently receives an annual fee per vessel for participating in the MSP. These payments are subject to annual appropriations by the U.S. Congress. Although Congress has fully funded this program since its inception in 1996, there is no guarantee that it will continue to do so in the future. Moreover, supplemental revenues earned under this program for carrying U.S. governmental cargoes are volatile and depend substantially on the level of U.S. military and other government-impelled cargoes.
Inland Services’ results of operations could be adversely affected by the decline in U.S. grain exports. Inland Services’ business is significantly affected by the volume of grain exports handled through ports in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico. Grain exports can vary due to a number of factors including crop harvest yield levels in the United States and abroad, the demand for grain in the United States and international trade wars. A shortage of available grain overseas can increase demand for U.S. grain. Conversely, an abundance of grain overseas, or international tariffs on U.S. grain, can decrease demand for U.S. grain. For example, the deteriorating trade relationship between the U.S. and China has caused decreased demand for U.S. grain overseas. A decline in exports could result in excess barge capacity, which would likely lower freight rates earned by Inland Services and, in turn, Inland Services’ results of operations.
Inland Services could experience variation in freight rates. Freight transportation rates may fluctuate as the volume of cargo and availability of barges change. The volume of freight transported on inland waterways may vary as a result of various factors, such as global economic conditions and business cycles, domestic and international agricultural production and demand, and foreign currency exchange rates. Barge participation in the industry can also vary year-to-year and is dependent on the number of barges built and retired from service. Extended periods of high barge availability and low cargo demand could adversely impact Inland Services.
Inland Services’ results of operations are affected by seasonal activity. Inland Services’ business is seasonal, and its quarterly revenues and profits have historically been lower in the first and second quarters of the year and higher in the third and fourth quarters, during the grain harvest. Expenses are not incurred and recognized evenly throughout the year. Because of these factors, Inland Services’ quarterly operating results may be uneven and may be marked by lower revenues and earnings in some quarters than in others.
Inland Services’ results of operations could be materially and adversely affected by fuel price fluctuations. Primarily, Inland Services purchases towboat and fleeting services from third party vendors. The price of these services can rise when fuel prices escalate and could adversely impact Inland Services’ results of operations and cash flows.
Risks Related to the Merger Agreement
The announcement and pendency of our acquisition by Parent pursuant to the Merger Agreement could have an adverse effect on our business, financial conditions and operations. The announcement and pendency of the proposed acquisition could negatively affect the Company’s financial performance, operating results, share price, and the Company’s relationship with customers, suppliers, other business partners, management and employees.
The proposed acquisition by Parent is subject to satisfying various conditions that may delay or prevent the completion of the acquisition. The completion of the tender offer and the merger are subject to a number of conditions, including (i) that the number of SEACOR common stock validly tendered and “received” (as defined in Section 251(h)(6) of the Delaware General Corporation Law), and not validly withdrawn, prior to the expiration of the tender offer, together with the number of common stock then-owned by Parent or its affiliates represent one more share than 66 and 2/3% of the total number of common stock shares outstanding at the expiration of the tender offer, (ii) the accuracy, subject to various standards, of the Company’s representations and warranties contained in the Merger Agreement and (iii) the absence of a Company Material Adverse Effect (as defined in the Merger Agreement). Even though we and the other parties to the Merger Agreement are required to use reasonable best efforts to satisfy these conditions, we can give no assurance that all such conditions will be satisfied. For instance, upon the initial expiration of the tender offer, less than the required number of shares were tendered and Parent extended the offer as required by the Merger Agreement. No assurance can be given that the extension of the deadline will, either in isolation or with other amendments to the terms of the merger, be sufficient to cause the requisite number of shares to be tendered.
Failure to complete the tender offer and the merger could negatively affect our operating results, prospects and financial condition. We cannot assure that the tender offer and the merger will be completed. If the tender offer and the merger are not completed, we will be subject to several risks. The failure to close may impair the Company’s ability to attract, retain and motivate key personnel, and could cause partners and others to seek to change existing business relationships with the Company. Further, we have incurred and will incur significant costs in connection with the tender offer and the merger, including the diversion of management resources, for which we will have received little or no benefit if the tender offer and the merger are not consummated. In addition, the Merger Agreement provides that, upon termination of the Merger Agreement
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under specified circumstances (which do not include failure to complete the tender offer), we may be obligated to pay Parent a termination fee of $29,000,000.
Litigation connected to the Merger Agreement may result in significant costs of defense, indemnification, and liability. In connection with the Merger Agreement, purported stockholders of the Company have filed three complaints against the Company, alleging violations of Sections 14(d), 14(e) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. These complaints seek, among other things, (i) injunctive relief to prevent the consummation of the merger, (ii) a rescission of the merger if the merger closes or (iii) in the alternative, an award of rescissory damages. While the outcome of these lawsuits cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes they are without merit. However, regardless of the outcome of these complaints or any other future litigation which may arise related to the Merger Agreement and the transactions it contemplates, such litigation may be time-consuming and expensive and may distract our management from running the day-to-day operations of our business. More information regarding the three existing complaints is set forth in further detail in Amendment No. 2 and Amendment No. 3 to the Schedule 14D-9 filed by the Company with the SEC on December 29, 2020 and January 11, 2021, respectively.
The Merger Agreement imposes restrictions on the operation of our business prior to closing, which could adversely affect our business. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, we are subject to certain restrictions on the conduct of our business, which may adversely affect the Company’s businesses, including by delaying or preventing the Company from pursuing non-ordinary course opportunities that may arise or precluding actions that may be advisable if the Company were to remain an independent public company.
The Merger Agreement contains provisions that could discourage a third party from acquiring us prior to the completion of the tender offer and the merger. The Merger Agreement contains provisions that restrict our ability to solicit a third-party proposal for an acquisition of the Company. These provisions include the general prohibition on our soliciting or initiating discussions with third parties regarding any alternative acquisition proposal, and the requirement that we pay a termination fee of $29,000,000 to Parent if the Merger Agreement is terminated under specified circumstances. These provisions might discourage an otherwise-interested third party from proposing an acquisition of the Company. Furthermore, even if a third party elects to propose an acquisition, the prospect of a termination fee may result in that third party’s offering a lower value to our stockholders than such third party might otherwise have offered.
If the tender offer and the merger are completed, our current stockholders will forego any future increase in our value. Our stockholders will be prevented from participating in our potential future earnings and growth or benefit from any potential future increase in our value following the tender offer and the merger contemplated by the Merger Agreement.
Our executive officers and directors may have interests that are different from, or in addition to, those of our stockholders generally. Our executive officers and directors may have interests in the tender offer and merger that are different from, or are in addition to, those of our stockholders generally. These interests include direct or indirect ownership of our common stock and stock options, the acceleration of stock options upon consummation of the transactions and other interests. Such interests of our directors and executive officers are set forth in further detail in the Schedule 14D-9 filed by the Company with the SEC on December 18, 2020.
Risks Related to Our Finances and Capital Structure
There are risks associated with the Company’s debt structure. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had $277.0 million of consolidated indebtedness. The Company’s ability to meet its debt service obligations, comply with its financial and restrictive covenants under its debt instruments and refinance its indebtedness is dependent upon its ability to generate cash in the future from operations, financings or asset sales, and its ability to access the capital markets, each of which are subject to general economic conditions, industry cycles, seasonality and financial, business and other factors, many of which are beyond its control. The Company’s debt levels and the terms of its indebtedness may limit its liquidity and flexibility in obtaining additional financing and pursuing other business opportunities. If the Company is unable to repay or refinance its debt as it becomes due, it may be forced to sell assets or take other disadvantageous actions, including undertaking alternative financing plans, which may have onerous terms or may be unavailable, reducing financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures and general corporate purposes or dedicating an unsustainable level of its cash flow from operations to the payment of principal and interest on its indebtedness. In addition, the failure of the Company to comply with the financial or restrictive covenants contained in its debt instruments could result in an event of default, which, if not cured or waived could accelerate the Company's debt repayment obligations.
The Company may undertake one or more significant corporate transactions that may not achieve their intended results, produce less than expected returns, may be dilutive to existing businesses, may adversely affect the Company’s financial condition and its results of operations, and may result in additional risks to its businesses. The Company continuously evaluates the acquisition and disposition of operating businesses and assets and may in the future undertake significant transactions. Any such transaction could be material to the Company’s business and could take any number of forms, including mergers, joint ventures, investments in new lines of business and the purchase of equity interests or assets. The form of consideration associated with such transactions may include, among other things, cash, common stock, equity interests or loans payable to the Company and its affiliates by the purchaser. The Company also regularly evaluates the merits
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of disposing its operating businesses and assets, in whole or in part, which could take the form of asset sales, mergers or sales of equity interests in its subsidiaries (privately or through a public offering), or the spin-off of equity interests of the Company’s subsidiaries to its stockholders.
These types of significant transactions may present significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed, potential loss of significant revenue and income streams, unexpected expenses, inadequate return of capital, potential acceleration of taxes currently deferred, regulatory or compliance issues, the triggering of certain covenants in the Company’s debt instruments (including accelerated repayment) and other unidentified issues not discovered in due diligence. As a result of the risks inherent in such transactions, the Company cannot guarantee that any such transaction will ultimately result in the realization of the anticipated benefits of the transaction or that significant transactions will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial condition or its results of operations. If the Company were to complete such an acquisition, disposition, investment or other strategic transaction, it may require additional debt or equity financing that could result in a significant increase in its amount of debt or the number of outstanding shares of its Common Stock.
The Company’s ability to access capital markets could be limited. From time to time, the Company may need to access the capital markets to obtain long-term and short-term financing. However, the Company’s ability to access the capital markets for long-term financing could be limited by among other things, its existing capital structure, including its current level of indebtedness, its credit ratings and its financial results. In addition, volatility and weakness in capital markets may adversely affect the Company’s credit availability and related financing costs. Capital markets can experience periods of volatility and disruption. If the disruption in these markets is prolonged, the Company’s ability to obtain new credit or refinance obligations as they become due, on acceptable terms, if at all, could be adversely affected.
In addition, the trading markets for the Company's securities rely in part on the research and reports that industry or financial analysts publish about the Company and the marine transportation industry. If one or more analysts downgrade or provide negative outlook on the Company's securities or the marine transportation industry or the securities of any of the Company's competitors, or publish inaccurate or unfavorable research about the Company's business, the price of the Company's securities could decline. If one or more of these analysts ceases coverage of the Company's business or fails to publish reports on the Company regularly, the Company could lose visibility in the market, which in turn could cause the price or trading volume of its securities to decline.
There can be no assurance that such markets will be a reliable source of financing for the Company, which may adversely affect the Company’s business and its ability to service its debts.
The Company engages in hedging activities, which expose it to risks. The Company has in the past and may in the future use futures and swaps to hedge risks, such as escalation in fuel costs and movements in foreign exchange rates and interest rates. However, hedging activities can result in losses when a position is purchased in a declining market or a position is sold in a rising market. Such purchases expose the Company to risks of meeting margin calls and drawing on its capital, counterparty risk due to failure of an exchange or institution with which it has entered into a swap, incurring higher costs than competitors or similar businesses that do not engage in such strategies, and losses on its investment portfolio. Such strategies can also cause earnings to be volatile, and the current volatility in the financial markets exacerbates these risks. If the Company fails to offset such volatility, its results of operations, cash flows and financial position may be adversely affected.
The Company’s operations are subject to certain foreign currency, interest rate, fixed-income, equity and commodity price risks. The Company is exposed to certain foreign currency, interest rate, fixed-income, equity and commodity price risks. Although some of these risks may be hedged, fluctuations could impact the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. For instance, a strengthening of the U.S. dollar results in higher prices for U.S. exports, which may adversely affect Inland Services and Ocean Services’ operating results. The Company has, and anticipates that it will continue to have, contracts denominated in foreign currencies. It is often not practicable for the Company to effectively hedge the entire risk of significant changes in currency rates. The Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows have been negatively impacted for certain periods and positively impacted for other periods, and may continue to be affected to a material extent by the impact of foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations.
The Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows may also be affected by the cost of hedging activities that the Company undertakes. The Company holds a portion of its net assets in cash equivalents, short-term investments and marketable securities. Such investments subject the Company to risks generally inherent in the capital markets. Volatility in the financial markets and overall economic uncertainty also increase the risk that the actual amounts realized in the future on the Company’s marketable securities could differ significantly from the fair values currently assigned to them. In addition, rising interest rates could increase the Company’s cost of capital, which may have an adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.

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Inland Services could experience variation in freight rates. Freight transportation rates may fluctuate as the volume of cargo and availability of barges change. The volume of freight transported on inland waterways may vary as a result of various factors, such as global economic conditions and business cycles, domestic and international agricultural production and demand, and foreign currency exchange rates. Barge participation in the industry can also vary year-to-year and is dependent on the number of barges built and retired from service. Extended periods of high barge availability and low cargo demand could adversely impact Inland Services.
Risks Related to Our Common Stock and Related Ownership Limitations
If the Company does not restrict the amount of ownership of its Common Stock by non-U.S. citizens, it could be prohibited from operating inland river vessels and barges and tankers in the United States, which would adversely impact its business and operating results. The Company is subject to the Jones Act, which governs, among other things, the ownership and operation of vessels used to carry cargo between U.S. ports. Subject to limited exceptions, the Jones Act requires that vessels engaged in the U.S. coastwise trade be built in the United States, registered under the U.S.-flag and manned by predominantly U.S. crews. The Jones Act also requires that vessels engaged in coastwise trade be owned and operated by “U.S. citizens” within the meaning of the Jones Act. Compliance with the Jones Act requires that non-U.S. citizens own no more than 25% of the entities that directly or indirectly own or operate the vessels that the Company operates in the U.S. coastwise trade. Although SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws contain provisions intended to assure compliance with these provisions of the Jones Act, a failure to maintain compliance by the Company or any of the entities that directly or indirectly own its vessels would adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows and could temporarily or permanently prohibit the Company from operating vessels in the U.S. coastwise trade. In addition, the Company could be subject to fines and its vessels could be subject to seizure and forfeiture for violations of the Jones Act and the related U.S. vessel documentation laws.
The restrictions in SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws limiting the ownership of Common Stock by individuals and entities that are not U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act may affect the liquidity of SEACOR’s Common Stock and may result in non-U.S. citizens being required to sell their shares at a loss or relinquish their voting, dividend and distribution rights. Under the Jones Act, at least 75% of the outstanding shares of each class or series of SEACOR’s capital stock must be owned and controlled by U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act. Certain provisions of SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws are intended to facilitate compliance with this requirement and may have an adverse effect on holders of shares of the Common Stock. In addition, the indentures governing the Company’s 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes include provisions that are designed to ensure compliance with the Jones Act.
Under the provisions of SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws, the aggregate percentage of ownership by non-U.S. citizens of any class of SEACOR’s capital stock (including Common Stock) is limited to 22.5% of the outstanding shares of each such class to ensure that such ownership by non-U.S. citizens will not exceed the maximum percentage permitted by the Jones Act, which is presently 25%. The Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws authorizes SEACOR’s Board of Directors, under certain circumstances, to increase the foregoing permitted percentage to no more than 24%. The Restated Certificate of Incorporation further provides that any issuance or transfer of shares to non-U.S. citizens in excess of such permitted percentage shall be ineffective as against the Company and that neither the Company nor its transfer agent shall register such purported issuance or transfer of shares to non-U.S. citizens or be required to recognize the purported transferee or owner as a stockholder of the Company for any purpose whatsoever except to exercise the Company’s remedies. Any such excess shares in the hands of a non-U.S. citizen shall not have any voting or dividend rights and are subject to redemption by the Company in its discretion. The liquidity or market value of the shares of Common Stock may be adversely impacted by such transfer restrictions.
As a result of the above provisions, a proposed transferee of the Common Stock that is a non-U.S. citizen may not receive any return on its investment in shares it purportedly purchases or owns, and it may sustain a loss. The Company, in its discretion, is entitled to redeem all or any portion of such shares most recently acquired (as determined by its Board of Directors in accordance with guidelines that are set forth in SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation) by non-U.S. citizens in excess of such maximum permitted percentage for such class or series at a redemption price based on a fair market value formula that is set forth in the Restated Certificate of Incorporation, which may be paid in cash or promissory notes at the discretion of the Company. Such excess shares shall also not be accorded any voting, dividend or distribution rights until they have ceased to be excess shares, provided that they have not been already redeemed by the Company. As a result of these provisions, a purported stockholder who is not a U.S. citizen within the meaning of the Jones Act may be required to sell its shares of Common Stock at an undesirable time or price and may not receive any return on its investment in such shares. Further, the Company may have to incur additional indebtedness, or use available cash (if any), to fund all or a portion of such redemption, in which case the Company’s financial condition may be materially weakened.

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So that the Company may ensure its compliance with the Jones Act, SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws permit it to require that owners of any shares of its capital stock provide confirmation of their citizenship. In the event that a person does not submit such documentation to the Company, the Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws provide the Company with certain remedies, including the suspension of the payment of dividends and distributions with respect to those shares and deposit of any such dividends and distributions into an escrow account. As a result of non-compliance with these provisions, an owner of the shares of the Company’s Common Stock may lose significant rights associated with those shares.
In addition to the risks described above, the foregoing foreign ownership restrictions could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or change in control that might involve a premium price for SEACOR’s Common Stock or otherwise be in the best interest of the SEACOR’s stockholders.
If non-U.S. citizens own more than 22.5% of SEACOR’s Common Stock, the Company may not have the funds or the ability to redeem any excess shares and it could be forced to suspend its operations in the U.S. coastwise trade. SEACOR’s Restated Certificate of Incorporation and By-Laws contain provisions prohibiting ownership of its Common Stock by persons who are not U.S. citizens within the meaning of the Jones Act, in the aggregate, in excess of 22.5% of such shares in order to ensure that such ownership by non-U.S. citizens will not exceed the maximum percentage permitted by the Jones Act, which is presently 25%. The Restated Certificate of Incorporation permits the Company to redeem such excess shares, including those shares issued upon conversion or exchange of the Company’s convertible notes. The per share redemption price may be paid, as determined by the Company’s Board of Directors, by cash or promissory notes. However, the Company may not be able to redeem such excess shares for cash because its operations may not have generated sufficient excess cash flow to fund such redemption. If, for any reason, the Company is unable to effect such a redemption when such ownership of shares by non-U.S. citizens is in excess of 25% of the Common Stock, or otherwise prevent non-U.S. citizens in the aggregate from owning shares in excess of 25% of any such class or series of the Company’s capital stock, or fail to exercise its redemption rights because it is unaware that such ownership exceeds such percentage, the Company will likely be unable to comply with the Jones Act and will likely be required by the applicable governmental authorities to suspend its operations in the U.S. coastwise trade. Any such actions by governmental authorities would have a severely detrimental impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Significant exercises of stock options or conversion of convertible debt could adversely affect the market price of the Company’s Common Stock. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had 20,472,853 shares of Common Stock issued and outstanding; however, the total number of shares of the Company’s Common Stock issued and outstanding does not include shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s stock plans, including upon the exercise of options issued under such plans, or shares issuable upon the conversion of the Company’s convertible debt. The exercise of outstanding options, the issuance of shares reserved for issuance under the Company’s Stock Plans and the conversion of convertible debt instruments could adversely affect the price of the Company’s Common Stock, will reduce the percentage of Common Stock held by the Company’s current stockholders and may cause its current stockholders to suffer significant dilution, which may adversely affect the market for the Company’s Common Stock. In addition, the Company may determine to issue additional shares of Common Stock or securities convertible or exchangeable for Common Stock, which could have a similar result.
The Company’s business and stock price may be materially adversely affected if its internal control over financial reporting is not effective. Under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and rules promulgated by the SEC, companies are required to conduct a comprehensive evaluation of their internal control over financial reporting. As part of this process, the Company is required to document and test its internal control over financial reporting; management is required to assess and issue a report concerning the Company's internal control over financial reporting; and the Company's independent registered certified public accounting firm is required to attest on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. In the past, the Company has identified material weaknesses in its internal control over financial reporting. While all such identified material weaknesses have been remediated, there can be no assurance that the Company will not identify material weaknesses in its internal control in the future. Moreover, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements because of its inherent limitations, including the possibility of human error, the circumvention or overriding of controls or fraud. Even effective internal controls can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to the preparation and fair presentation of financial statements. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in the Company’s financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, which could cause the Company to fail to meet its reporting obligations, lead to a loss of investor confidence and have a negative impact on the trading price of the Company’s securities.

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Risks Related to Legal, Tax and Regulatory Matters
Changes in U.S. policies governing foreign trade, international travel, immigration, manufacturing and foreign investment could have a material adverse effect on the Company. Changes in U.S. social, political, regulatory and economic conditions or in laws and policies governing foreign trade, travel to and from the United States, immigration, manufacturing, development and investment in the territories and countries in which the Company operates, and any negative sentiments towards the United States as a result of such changes, could adversely affect the domestic and global transportation services industry, which could adversely affect the Company’s business and results of operations.
Adverse results of legal proceedings could materially adversely affect the Company. The Company is subject to, and may in the future be subject to, a variety of legal proceedings and claims that arise out of the ordinary conduct of its business. Results of legal proceedings cannot be predicted with certainty. Irrespective of its merits, litigation may be both lengthy and disruptive to the Company’s operations and may cause significant expenditure and diversion of management attention. If the Company suffers an adverse judgment, it may be faced with significant monetary damages or injunctive relief against it that could materially adversely affect a portion of its business operations or materially adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company’s activities outside of the United States subjects it to risks associated with international operations. The Company operates vessels and transacts other business worldwide. Its ability to compete in international markets may be adversely affected by foreign government regulations that favor or require the awarding of contracts to local competitors, or that require foreign persons to employ citizens of, or purchase supplies from, a particular jurisdiction. Further, the Company’s foreign subsidiaries may face governmentally imposed restrictions on their ability to transfer funds to their parent company.
Activity outside the United States involves additional risks, including the possibility of:
•embargoes or restrictive actions by the United States and/or foreign governments that could limit the Company’s ability to provide services in foreign countries or cause retaliatory actions by such governments;
•a change in, or the imposition of, withholding or other taxes on foreign income, tariffs or restrictions on foreign trade and investment;
•limitations on the repatriation of earnings or currency exchange controls and import/export quotas;
•unwaivable, burdensome local cabotage and local ownership laws and requirements;
•nationalization, expropriation, asset seizure, blockades and blacklisting;
•limitations in the availability, amount or terms of insurance coverage;
•loss of contract rights and inability to enforce contracts;
•longer payment cycles and problems collecting accounts receivable;
•political instability, war and civil disturbances or other risks that may limit or disrupt markets, such as terrorist acts, piracy, and kidnapping;
•fluctuations in currency exchange rates, hard currency shortages and controls on currency exchange that affect demand for the Company’s services and its profitability;
•potential noncompliance with a wide variety of laws and regulations, such as the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977 (the “FCPA”), and similar non-U.S. laws and regulations, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010;
•labor strikes;
•import or export quotas and other forms of public and government regulation;
•changes in general economic and political conditions; and
•difficulty in staffing and managing widespread operations.
In June 2016, voters in the U.K. approved an advisory referendum to withdraw from the European Union ("E.U."), commonly referred to as "Brexit". On January 31, 2020, the U.K. formally left the E.U. and on December 24, 2020 the U.K. and E.U. agreed to a trade deal (the “Trade and Cooperation Agreement”) which was ratified by the U.K. on December 30, 2020. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement is subject to formal approval by the European Parliament and the Council of the European Union before it comes into effect and has been applied provisionally since January 1, 2021. The Trade and Cooperation Agreement allows the U.K and E.U. to continue trading without tariffs or quotas, however, the movement of goods between the U.K. and the remaining member states of the E.U. may be subject to additional inspections and documentation checks, leading to possible delays at ports of entry and departure. In addition, there are still a number of areas of uncertainty in connection with the future of the U.K. and its relationship with the E.U. and the application and interpretation of the Trade and
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Cooperation Agreement, and Brexit-related matters may take several years to be clarified and resolved. In particular, the Trade and Cooperation Agreement only covers the trade of goods and, therefore, uncertainly remains over the UK’s long-term trading of services relationship with the E.U.
At this time, we cannot predict the potential impact of Brexit on our business, if any. Brexit also may create global economic uncertainty, which may cause the Company’s customers and potential customers to monitor their costs and reduce their budgets for the Company’s services. Any of these effects, and others the Company cannot anticipate, could materially adversely affect its business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
If there is a determination that the Spin-off was taxable for U.S. federal income tax purposes because the facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings underlying the tax opinion are incorrect or for any other reason, then the Company and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities. The Spin-Off was conditioned upon the Company’s receipt of an opinion of Milbank, Tweed, Hadley & McCloy LLP, counsel to the Company, substantially to the effect that the separation qualified as a transaction that is described in Section 355 of the Code. The opinion relied on certain facts, assumptions, representations and undertakings from the Company and SEACOR Marine regarding the past and future conduct of each of the company’s respective businesses and other matters. If any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings were incorrect, the Company and its stockholders may not be able to rely on the opinion of counsel and could be subject to significant tax liabilities. Notwithstanding the opinion of counsel, the IRS could determine on audit that the separation is taxable if it determines that any of these facts, assumptions, representations or undertakings are not correct or have been violated or if it disagrees with the conclusions in the opinion, or for other reasons, including as a result of certain significant changes in the stock ownership of the Company or SEACOR Marine after the separation. If the separation is determined to be taxable, the Company and its stockholders that are subject to U.S. federal income tax could incur significant U.S. federal income tax liabilities.
Prior to the Spin-Off, the Company and SEACOR Marine entered into a tax matters agreement (the “SMHI Tax Matters Agreement”) that governs the parties’ respective rights, responsibilities and obligations with respect to taxes, tax attributes, the preparation and filing of tax returns, the control of audits and other tax proceedings and assistance and cooperation in respect of tax matters. Taxes relating to or arising out of the failure of the separation to qualify as a tax-free transaction for U.S. federal income tax purposes are the responsibility of the Company, except, in general, if such failure is attributable to SEACOR Marine’s actions or inactions.
The Company’s obligations under the SMHI Tax Matters Agreement are not limited in amount or subject to any cap. Further, even if the Company is not responsible for its tax liabilities under the SMHI Tax Matters Agreement, the Company nonetheless could be liable under applicable tax law for such liabilities if SEACOR Marine were to fail to pay them. If the Company is required to pay any liabilities under the circumstances set forth in the SMHI Tax Matters Agreement or pursuant to applicable tax law, the amounts may be significant.
The Company could incur liability in connection with its provision of spill response services. On April 22, 2010, the Deepwater Horizon, a semi-submersible deepwater drilling rig operating in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico, sank after an apparent blowout and fire resulting in a significant flow of hydrocarbons from the BP Macondo well (the “Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident”). The Company provided spill and emergency response services in connection with the Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident. O’Brien’s Response Management, L.L.C. (“ORM”), a subsidiary of the Company, and National Response Corporation (“NRC”), which was a subsidiary of the Company at the time of the incident operating in the Company’s now discontinued Environmental Services segment (the Company subsequently sold NRC to J.F. Lehman & Company (“JFL”)) are currently defendants in litigation arising from the Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident. Although companies are generally exempt in the United States from liability under the CWA for their own actions and omissions in providing spill response services, this exemption might not apply if a company were found to have been grossly negligent or to have engaged in willful misconduct, or if it were to have failed to provide these services consistent with the National Contingency Plan or as otherwise directed under the CWA. In addition, the exemption under the CWA would not protect a company against liability for personal injury or wrongful death claims, or against prosecution under other federal or state laws. All of the coastal states of the United States in which the Company provides services have adopted similar exemptions, but, several inland states have not. If a court or other applicable authority were to determine that the Company does not benefit from federal or state exemptions from liability in providing emergency response services, or if the other defenses asserted by the Company and its business segments are rejected, the Company could be liable together with the local contractor and the responsible party for any resulting damages, including damages caused by others, subject to the indemnification provisions and other liability terms and conditions negotiated with its domestic customers. In the international market, the Company does not benefit from the spill response liability protection provided by the CWA and, therefore, is subject to the liability terms and conditions negotiated with its international clients, in addition to any other defenses available to the Company and its business segments.

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If Congress repeals the current $134.0 million cap for non-reclamation liabilities under OPA 90 or otherwise scales back the protections afforded to contractors thereunder, there may be increased exposure for remediation work and the cost for securing insurance for such work may become prohibitively expensive. Without affordable insurance and appropriate legislative regulation limiting liability, drilling, exploration, remediation and further investment in oil and gas exploration in the U.S. Gulf of Mexico may be discouraged and thus reduce the demand for the Company’s services.
The Company could incur liability in connection with certain obligations relating to the Deepwater Horizon incident. In connection with the Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident, BP Exploration & Production, Inc. and BP America Production Company (collectively, the “responsible party”) engaged the services of ORM and NRC. ORM and NRC were subsequently made defendants in litigation arising from the Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident. In connection with claims relating to clean-up operations following the Deepwater Horizon/BP Macondo Well Incident, the responsible party acknowledged and agreed to indemnify and defend ORM and NRC pursuant and subject to certain contractual agreements and potential limitations. No assurance can be given that the responsible party will honor its obligation to indemnify the Company under these arrangements. If the responsible party were to fail to honor its obligations, the Company may be faced with significant monetary payments that could materially and adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. See Part IV "Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.Legal Proceedings.”
The Company’s U.S-flag vessels are subject to requisition for ownership or use by the United States in case of national emergency or national defense need and certain of the Company’s vessels participate in the MSP. The Merchant Marine Act of 1936 provides that, during a national emergency declared by Presidential proclamation or a period for which the President has proclaimed that the security of the national defense makes it advisable, the Secretary of Transportation may requisition the ownership or use of any vessel owned by U.S. citizens (which includes the Company) and any vessel under construction in the United States. If any of the Company’s vessels were purchased or chartered by the federal government under this law, the Company would be entitled to just compensation, which is generally the fair market value of the vessel in the case of a purchase or, in the case of a charter, the fair market value of charter hire, but the Company would not be entitled to compensation for any consequential damages. In addition, the Company operates vessels that participate in the MSP, which ensures that militarily useful U.S.-flag vessels are available to the U.S. Department of Defense in the event of war or national emergency. The purchase, charter or use for an extended period of time by the federal government of one or more of the Company’s vessels under these laws or programs could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Repeal, Amendment, Suspension or Non-Enforcement of the Jones Act would result in additional competition for Ocean Services and Inland Services and could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business. A substantial portion of the operations of Ocean Services and Inland Services are conducted in the U.S. coastwise trade and thus subject to the provisions of the Jones Act. For years there have been attempts to repeal or amend such provisions, and such attempts are expected to continue in the future.
Under certain conditions, the U.S. Secretary of Homeland Security can grant waivers of the Jones Act to foreign vessel operators. Thus far, the Secretary has granted waivers only for relatively short periods in connection with natural disasters and the transportation of petroleum released from the U.S. Strategic Petroleum Reserve. Nonetheless, future waivers, particularly if for longer periods, could result in increased competition, which could negatively impact the Company’s Jones Act operations.
Repeal, substantial amendment or waiver of provisions of the Jones Act could significantly adversely affect the Company by, among other things, resulting in additional competition from competitors with lower operating costs, because of their ability to use vessels built in lower-cost foreign shipyards, owned and manned by foreign nationals with promotional foreign tax incentives and with lower wages and benefits than U.S. citizens. In addition, the Company’s advantage as a U.S.-citizen operator of Jones Act vessels could be eroded by periodic efforts and attempts by foreign interests to circumvent certain aspects of the Jones Act. If maritime cabotage services were included in the General Agreement on Trade in Services, or other prevailing trade agreements, or if the restrictions contained in the Jones Act were otherwise altered, the shipping of maritime cargo between covered U.S. ports could be opened to foreign-flag or foreign-built vessels. Such a change could significantly increase competition in the U.S. coastwise trade, which would likely have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Restrictions on non-U.S. citizen ownership of the Company’s vessels could limit its ability to sell off any portion of its business or result in the forfeiture of its vessels. As noted above, compliance with the Jones Act requires that non-U.S. citizens own no more than 25% in the entities that directly or indirectly own or operate the vessels that the Company operates in the U.S. coastwise trade. If the Company were to seek to sell any portion of its business that owns any of these vessels, it would have fewer potential purchasers, since some potential purchasers might be unable or unwilling to satisfy the U.S. citizenship restrictions described above. As a result, the sales price for that portion of the Company’s business may not attain the amount that could be obtained in an unconstrained sale.
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The Company is subject to complex laws and regulations, including environmental laws and regulations that can adversely affect the cost, manner or feasibility of doing business. Regulation of the shipping industry has intensified over the past several decades, and the Company expects this trend to continue. Increasingly stringent federal, state, local and international laws and regulations governing worker safety and health and the manning, construction and operation of vessels significantly affect the Company’s operations. Many aspects of the marine industry are subject to extensive governmental regulation and oversight, including by the USCG, OSHA, NTSB, CBP, EPA, IMO, the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and the U.S. Maritime Administration, state environmental protection agencies for those jurisdictions in which the Company operates, and to regulation by states, port authorities and classification societies (such as the American Bureau of Shipping). The Company is also subject to regulation under international treaties, such as SOLAS, MARPOL, and the STCW. These agencies, organizations, regulations and treaties establish safety requirements and standards and are authorized to investigate vessels and accidents and to recommend improved safety standards. The CBP and USCG are authorized to inspect vessels at will. The Company has and will continue to spend significant funds to comply with these regulations and treaties. Failure to comply with these regulations and treaties may cause the Company to incur significant liabilities or restrictions on its operations, any of which could have a material adverse effect on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company’s business and operations are also subject to federal, state, local and international laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and occupational safety and health, including laws that that govern the discharge of oil and pollutants into waters restricted thereunder. Violations of these laws and regulations may result in civil and criminal penalties, fines, injunctions, or other sanctions, or the suspension or termination of the Company’s operations. Compliance with such laws and regulations frequently requires installation of costly equipment, increased staffing, increased fuel costs, specific training, or operational changes, and the phase-out of certain vessels. Some environmental laws impose strict and, under certain circumstances, joint and several liability for remediation of spills and releases of oil and hazardous materials and damage to natural resources, which could subject the Company to liability without regard to whether it was negligent or at fault. Under OPA 90, owners, operators and bareboat charterers are jointly and severally strictly liable for the removal costs and damages resulting from the discharge of oil within the navigable waters of the United States and the EEZ around the United States. In addition, an oil spill could result in significant liability, including fines, penalties, criminal liability and costs for natural resource and other damages under other federal and state laws and civil actions. Liability for a catastrophic spill could exceed the Company’s available insurance coverage and result in it having to liquidate assets to pay claims. These laws and regulations may expose the Company to liability for the conduct of or conditions caused by others, including charterers. Because such laws and regulations frequently change and may impose increasingly strict requirements, the Company cannot predict the ongoing cost of complying with these laws and regulations. Moreover, the lack of uniformity of environmental regulations imposed by different agencies increases the Company's compliance costs and risk of non-compliance.
In recent years, governments and supranational groups have regulated vessel fuel and air emissions, including requirements to use low sulfur fuels, which have increased the Company's operating costs. Other new environmental or emissions control laws or regulations may similarly require an increase in the Company's operating costs and/or in the Company's capital spending for additional equipment or personnel to comply with such requirements and could also result in a reduction in revenues due to downtime required for the installation of such equipment.
The Company cannot be certain that existing laws, regulations or standards, as interpreted now or in the future, or future laws, regulations and standards will not have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Regulation of the shipping industry will likely continue to become more stringent and more expensive for the Company. In addition, a serious marine incident that results in significant oil pollution could result in additional regulation and lead to strict governmental enforcement or other legal challenges. The variability and uncertainty of current and future shipping regulations could hamper the ability of the Company and its customers to plan for the future or establish long-term strategies. Additional environmental and other requirements, as well as more stringent enforcement policies, may be adopted that could limit the Company’s ability to operate, require the Company to incur substantial additional costs or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, results of operations or financial condition. For more information, see “Item 1. Government Regulation - Environmental Compliance.”
The Company is required by various governmental and quasi-governmental agencies to obtain, maintain and periodically renew certain permits, licenses and certificates with respect to its operations or vessels. In certain instances, the failure to obtain, maintain or renew these authorizations could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business.
There are risks associated with climate change, as well as climate change legislation and regulations. The physical risks of climate change, such as more frequent or more extreme weather events, changes in temperature and precipitation patterns, changes in river flow patterns and other related phenomena, could affect some, or all, of the Company’s operations. Severe weather or other natural disasters could be destructive to the Company’s operations and the operations of its customers. Weather patterns, such as excessive rainfall or drought, can affect river levels and cause ice conditions during winter months, which can hamper barge navigation. Locks and dams on river systems may be closed for maintenance or other causes, which may delay barge movements. These conditions could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
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Governments and supranational groups and various other parties around the world have, in recent years, proposed or adopted new laws or regulations pertaining to climate change, carbon emissions or energy use that in turn could result in a reduction in use of hydrocarbon-based fuel. A number of countries and organizations have adopted, or are considering the adoption of, regulatory frameworks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. These regulatory measures or international treaties may include, among others, adoption of cap and trade regimes, carbon taxes, increased efficiency standards, and incentives or mandates for renewable energy and could include specific restrictions on shipping emissions. In 2015, various countries adopted the Paris Agreement, which seeks to reduce greenhouse gas emissions in an effort to slow global warming. While the U.S. signed the Paris Agreement in 2016it formally withdrew from the agreement in 2020. In January 2021, the President issued an executive order announcing that the U.S. will be rejoining the Paris Agreement. The Paris Agreement does not specifically mention shipping. Additionally, some institutional investors and groups have indicated a focus on matters affecting the environment, which may result in reduced investments in, or financing available to, industries that emit greenhouse gases. Many of these groups have developed environmental, social and governance standards as benchmarks. The Company's failure to meet these evolving standards or benchmarks could adversely impact its business, stock price or access to capital.
Governments could also pass laws or regulations encouraging or mandating the use of alternative energy sources such as wind power and solar energy. These requirements could reduce demand for traditional energy commodities and therefore impact services provided by the Company. Such initiatives could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
A violation of the FCPA may adversely affect the Company’s business and operations. In order to effectively compete in certain foreign jurisdictions, the Company seeks to establish joint ventures with local operators or strategic partners. As a U.S. corporation, the Company is subject to the regulations imposed by the FCPA, which generally prohibits U.S. companies and their intermediaries from making improper payments to foreign officials for the purpose of obtaining or maintaining business. The Company has adopted stringent procedures to enforce compliance with the FCPA. Nevertheless, the Company does business and may do additional business in the future in countries and regions where strict compliance with anti-bribery laws may not be customary and it may be held liable for actions taken by its strategic or local partners even though these partners may not be subject to the FCPA. The Company’s personnel and intermediaries, including its local operators and strategic partners, may face, directly or indirectly, corrupt demands by government officials, political parties and officials, tribal or insurgent organizations, or private entities in the countries in which the Company operates or may operate in the future. As a result, the Company faces the risk that an unauthorized payment or offer of payment could be made by one of its employees or intermediaries, even if such parties are not always subject to the Company’s control or are not themselves subject to the FCPA or other similar laws to which the Company may be subject, including the U.K. Bribery Act 2010. Any allegation or determination that the Company has violated the FCPA could have a material adverse effect on its business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
Increased security and inspection procedures and tighter import and export controls could increase costs and disrupt the Company’s business. Maritime shipping is subject to various security and customs inspections and related procedures in countries of origin and destination. Applicable inspection procedures can result in the seizure of contents of the Company’s vessels, delays in delivering cargoes, and the levying of customs payments, duties, fines and other penalties. The U.S. government, foreign governments, international organizations, and industry associations have from time-to-time considered ways to expand inspection procedures. Such changes, if implemented, could impose additional financial and legal obligations on the Company, including additional responsibility for physically inspecting the contents of cargoes it is shipping. Furthermore, changes to inspection procedures could also impose additional costs and obligations on the Company’s customers and may, in certain cases, render the shipment of certain types of cargo impractical. Any such changes or developments may have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial condition, results of operations and cash flows.
General Risk Factors
Difficult economic conditions, including those caused by natural disasters, terrorist attacks, the widespread outbreak of an illness or other heath issue, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and other extraordinary events, could materially adversely affect the Company. The success of the Company’s business is both directly and indirectly dependent upon conditions in the global financial markets and economic conditions throughout the world that are outside its control and difficult to predict. Factors such as commodity prices, interest rates, availability of credit, inflation rates, availability and cost of labor, changes in laws or regulations affecting our business, changes in tax laws, including increases in corporate tax rates in the U.S. or abroad, elimination or imposition of trade barriers and protective rules, currency exchange rates and controls, pandemic disease or other health crisis, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, and national and international political circumstances (including wars, terrorist acts or security operations) can have a material negative impact on the Company’s business and investments, which could reduce its revenues and profitability. Uncertainty about global economic conditions may lead or require businesses to postpone capital spending in response to tighter credit and reductions in income or asset values and to cancel or renegotiate existing contracts because their access to capital is impeded. This would in turn affect the Company’s profitability or results of operations. These factors may also adversely affect the Company’s liquidity and financial condition and the liquidity and financial condition of the Company’s customers. Volatility in the conditions of the global economic
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markets can also affect the Company’s ability to raise capital at attractive prices. The Company’s ongoing exposure to credit risks on its accounts receivable balances are heightened during periods when economic conditions worsen. The Company has procedures that are designed to monitor and limit exposure to credit risk on its receivables; however, there can be no assurance that such procedures will effectively limit its credit risk and avoid losses that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows. Unstable economic conditions may also increase the volatility of the Company’s stock price.
In addition, public health threats, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, influenza and other highly communicable diseases or viruses, outbreaks of which have from time-to-time occurred in various parts of the world in which the Company or its vendors, including its shipbuilders, operate could adversely impact the Company's business, results of operations, financial condition and delivery schedule of new equipment.
Investment in new business strategies and initiatives present risks not originally contemplated. The Company has invested, and in the future may again invest, in new business plans or acquisitions, some of which may not be directly linked to existing business lines or activities. These activities may involve significant risks and uncertainties, including distraction of management from current operations, insufficient revenue to offset liabilities assumed and expenses associated with the plans or acquisitions, inadequate return of capital and unidentified issues not discovered in due diligence. To the extent such investments are not directly linked to existing business lines or activities, such investments may expose the Company to unforeseen risks. These investments may take the form of securities or other assets that are not very liquid. As a result of the risks inherent in new ventures, there can be no assurance that any such venture will be successful, or that new ventures will not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company’s insurance coverage may be inadequate to protect it from the liabilities that could arise in its businesses. Although the Company maintains insurance coverage against the risks related to its businesses, risks may arise for which the Company is not insured. Claims covered by insurance are subject to deductibles, the aggregate amount of which could be material and may be subject to caps on insurance payments. Insurance policies are also subject to compliance with certain conditions, the failure of which could lead to a denial of coverage as to a particular claim or the voiding of a particular insurance policy. There also can be no assurance that existing insurance coverage can be renewed at commercially reasonable rates or that available coverage will be adequate to cover future claims. If a loss occurs that is partially or completely uninsured, the Company could be exposed to substantial liability. Further, to the extent the proceeds from insurance are not sufficient to repair or replace a damaged asset, the Company would be required to expend funds to supplement the insurance and in certain circumstances may decide that such expenditures are not justified, which, in either case, could adversely affect its liquidity and ability to grow.
Negative publicity may adversely impact the Company. Media coverage and public statements that insinuate improper actions by the Company or senior executives, regardless of their factual accuracy or truthfulness, may result in negative publicity, litigation or governmental investigations by regulators. Similar events impacting other vessel operators could indirectly harm the Company by causing substantial adverse publicity affecting the marine transportation industry in general. Addressing negative publicity and any resulting litigation or investigations may distract management, increase costs, impede hiring and divert resources. Negative publicity may have an adverse impact on the Company’s reputation and the morale of its employees, which could adversely affect the Company’s financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
The Company’s inability to attract and retain qualified personnel and crew its vessels could have an adverse effect on its business and is also dependent on unionized employees. Attracting and retaining skilled personnel across all of the Company’s business segments is an important factor in its future success. In addition, the success of the Company is dependent upon its ability to crew its vessels. The market for qualified personnel is highly competitive and the Company cannot be certain that it will be successful in attracting and retaining qualified personnel and crewing its vessels in the future. Approximately 800 of the Company’s employees, out of a total of approximately 2,200 employees as of December 31, 2020, are covered by collective bargaining agreements with unions. The Company could be adversely affected if it is unable to successfully negotiate and maintain collective bargaining agreements with these unionized employees.
The Company’s success depends on key members of its management, the loss of whom could disrupt its business operations. The Company depends to a large extent on the efforts and continued employment of its executive officers and key management personnel. The Company does not maintain key-man insurance. The loss of services of one or more of the Company’s executive officers or key management personnel could have a negative impact on its financial position, results of operations and cash flows.
The Company relies on information technology, and if it is unable to protect against service interruptions, data corruption, cyber-based attacks or network security breaches, its operations could be disrupted and its business could be negatively affected. The Company relies on information technology networks and systems to process, transmit and store electronic and financial information; to capture knowledge of its business; to coordinate its business across its operation bases; and to communicate within the Company and with customers, suppliers, partners and other third-parties. These information technology systems, some of which are managed by third parties, may be susceptible to damage, disruptions or shutdowns,
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hardware or software failures, cyber-attacks, power outages, computer viruses, telecommunication failures, user errors or catastrophic events. The Company’s technology systems are also subject to cybersecurity attacks including malware, other malicious software, phishing email attacks, attempts to gain unauthorized access to its data, the unauthorized release, corruption or loss of its data, loss or damage to its data delivery systems, and other electronic security breaches. If the Company’s information technology systems suffer severe damage, disruption or shutdown, and its business continuity plans do not effectively resolve the issues in a timely manner, the Company’s operations could be disrupted and its business could be negatively affected. In addition, cyber-attacks could lead to potential unauthorized disclosure of confidential information, data loss or data corruption impacting proprietary data of the Company or its customers. The frequency and sophistication of these attacks has grown significantly in recent years with, in some cases, the attacks conducted or sponsored by nation states, including the recent attack on Solar Winds. The Company’s information technology systems are becoming increasingly integrated, so damage, disruption or shutdown to the system could result in a more widespread impact.
In addition, regulatory or legislative action related to cybersecurity, privacy, and data protection worldwide may increase the costs to develop, implement, or secure our products or services. The E.U.'s General Data Protection Regulation ("GDPR"), which became effective in May 2018, applies to all of our activities related to products and services that we offer to E.U. customers. The GDPR established new requirements regarding the handling of personal data and includes significant penalties for non-compliance (including possible fines of up to 4 percent of total company revenue). GDPR requirements that must be complied with when handling the personal data of E.U.-based data subjects include: providing expanded disclosures about how personal data will be used; higher standards for organizations to demonstrate that they have obtained valid consent or have another legal basis in place to justify their data processing activities; the obligation to appoint data protection officers in certain circumstances; new rights for individuals to be “forgotten” and rights to data portability, as well as enhanced current rights; the principal of accountability and demonstrating compliance through policies, procedures, training and audit; the new mandatory data breach regime. As the E.U. member states continue to reframe their national legislation to harmonize with the GDPR, we will need to monitor compliance with all relevant E.U. member states’ laws and regulations, including where permitted derogations from the GDPR are introduced.
Other governmental authorities around the world have passed or are considering similar types of legislative and regulatory proposals concerning data protection. Recent action by the IMO’s Maritime Safety Committee and United States agencies indicate that cybersecurity regulations for the maritime industry are likely to be further developed in the near future in an attempt to combat cybersecurity threats. The Company expects cybersecurity regulations to continue to evolve and be costly to implement. If it violates or fails to comply with such regulatory or legislative requirements, it could be fined or otherwise sanctioned, and such fines or penalties could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business and operations.
Inland Services’ results of operations could be adversely affected by international economic and political factors. The actions of the United States and foreign governments could affect the import and export of the dry bulk commodities typically transported by Inland Services. Foreign trade agreements and each country’s adherence to the terms of such agreements can raise or lower demand for U.S. imports and exports of the dry bulk commodities that Inland Services transports. National and international boycotts and embargoes of other countries or U.S. imports or exports together with the raising or lowering of tariff rates could affect the demand for the transportation of cargoes handled by Inland Services.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES
Petroleum and chemical carriers, bulk carriers, harbor and offshore towboats and barges, RORO vessels, inland river towboats, launch support boats and barges, terminals and servicing facilities are the principal physical properties owned by the Company and are more fully described in “Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services” and “Inland Transportation & Logistics Services” in “Item 1. Business” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
Information in response to Item 3. Legal Proceedings is included in Part IV "Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
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INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF THE REGISTRANT
Officers of SEACOR serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors. The name, age and offices held by each of the executive officers of SEACOR as of December 31, 2020 were as follows:
Name Age Position
Charles Fabrikant 76 Executive Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer, and a director of SEACOR and several of its subsidiaries. Effective February 23, 2015, Mr. Fabrikant was appointed President and Chief Executive Officer a position he had resigned from in September 2010 when he was designated Executive Chairman of the Board. Mr. Fabrikant is a director of Bristow Group Inc., a helicopter company and SEACOR Marine. In addition, he is President of Fabrikant International Corporation, a privately owned corporation engaged in marine investments. Fabrikant International Corporation may be deemed an affiliate of SEACOR.
Bruce Weins 52 Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of SEACOR since June 1, 2017. From February 2015 to June 1, 2017, Mr. Weins was Senior Vice President and Chief Accounting Officer of SEACOR. From July 2005 to February 2015, Mr. Weins was Corporate Controller of SEACOR. Mr. Weins served as Controller of Seabulk International, Inc. (“Seabulk”) from January 2005 to July 2005 when it merged with SEACOR. Prior to joining Seabulk, Mr. Weins was an audit senior manager with Deloitte & Touche LLP, where he was employed from September 1995 to December 2004. In addition, Mr. Weins is an officer and director of certain SEACOR subsidiaries.
Eric Fabrikant 40 Chief Operating Officer of SEACOR since February 23, 2015. From May 2009 through February 2015, Mr. Fabrikant was a Vice President of SEACOR. From 2004 through May 2009, Mr. Fabrikant held various positions at Nabors Industries Ltd. In addition, Mr. Fabrikant is an officer and director of certain SEACOR subsidiaries.
Bill Long 54 Executive Vice President, Chief Legal Officer and Corporate Secretary of SEACOR since April 2016. From August 2015 to April 2016, Mr. Long served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of GulfMark Offshore, Inc. Mr. Long was employed by Diamond Offshore Drilling, Inc., from March 1997 through June 2014, last holding the position of Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary from October 2006 until June 2014. In addition, Mr. Long is an officer and director of certain SEACOR subsidiaries.

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PART II
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR REGISTRANT'S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
Market for the Company’s Common Stock
SEACOR’s Common Stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”) under the trading symbol “CKH.” The closing share price on the NYSE on February 23, 2021 was $42.81. As of February 23, 2021, there were 173 holders of record of Common Stock.
The Company currently does not intend on paying any dividends for the foreseeable future. Any payment of future dividends will be at the discretion of SEACOR’s Board of Directors and will depend upon, among other factors, the Company’s earnings, financial condition, current and anticipated capital requirements, plans for expansion, level of indebtedness and contractual restrictions, including the provisions of the Company’s other then-existing indebtedness. The payment of future cash dividends, if any, would be made only from assets legally available.
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Performance Graph
Set forth in the graph below is a comparison of the cumulative total return that a hypothetical investor would have earned assuming the investment of $100 over the five-year period commencing on December 31, 2015 in (i) the Common Stock of the Company, (ii) the Standard & Poor’s 500 Stock Index (“S&P 500”) and (iii) Peer Issuers. The information set forth in the graph below shall be considered “furnished” but not “filed” for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
CKH-20201231_G1.JPG
Total Return Since December 31,(1)
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Company 100  136  141  113  131  126 
S&P 500 100  112  136  130  171  203 
Peer Issuers(2)
100  104  105  103  146  149 
_____________________
(1)Assumes the reinvestment of dividends.
(2)The Peer Issuers group is comprised of publicly-traded firms participating in the U.S. Jones Act Marine Transportation and Project Markets. Such firms were selected on an industry and line-of-business basis. The Peer Issuers data is calculated as a simple average percentage in share prices and includes the following companies: SEACOR Holdings Inc., Kirby Corporation, Overseas Shipholding Group, Inc., Matson Inc. and Great Lakes Dredge & Dock Corporation.
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Issuer Repurchases of Equity Securities
SEACOR’s Board of Directors previously approved a securities repurchase plan that authorizes the Company to acquire its Common Stock, 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes (collectively the "Securities") through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions.
During the years ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 the Company acquired 41,600 and 3,912 shares of Common Stock for treasury, respectively, under the Securities repurchase plan for an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's repurchase authority for the Securities was $102.2 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company acquired no shares of Common Stock for treasury under the Securities repurchase plan.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company acquired for treasury 17,730 and 8,338 shares of Common Stock, respectively, for aggregate purchase prices of $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, from its employees to cover their tax withholding obligations related incentive equity award transactions. These shares were purchased in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Share Incentive Plans and not pursuant to the repurchase plan authorization granted by SEACOR’s Board of Directors.
The following table provides information with respect to purchases by the Company of shares of its Common Stock during the three months ended December 31, 2020:
Period Total Number of
Shares
Purchased 		Average Price
Paid Per Share 		Total Number of Shares
Purchased as Part of
Publicly  Announced
Plans or Programs
Maximum Value of
Shares that may Yet
be Purchased under
the Plans or Programs
10/01/20 – 10/31/20 —  $ —  —  $ 102,157,511 
11/01/20 – 11/30/20 —  $ —  —  $ 102,157,511 
12/01/20 – 12/31/20 —  $ —  —  $ 102,157,511 

ITEM 6. SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
Omitted.
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ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATION
Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations below presents the Company’s operating results for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and its financial condition as of December 31, 2020. Certain statements in this Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations constitute forward looking statements. See “Forward Looking Statements” and “Risk Factors” included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Overview
The Company’s operations are divided into three main business segments – Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services (“Ocean Services”), Inland Transportation & Logistics Services (“Inland Services”) and Witt O’Brien’s. The Company also has activities that are referred to and described under Other that primarily include CLEANCOR Energy Solutions LLC (“Cleancor”) and noncontrolling investments in various other businesses.
Recent Developments
In March 2020, the World Health Organization declared the outbreak of a novel coronavirus ("COVID-19") a pandemic, which continues to spread throughout the United States and the world. The spread of COVID-19 has initially caused significant volatility in U.S. and international markets and has resulted in large scale business disruption. There is significant uncertainty around the breadth and duration of business disruptions related to COVID-19, as well as its impact on the U.S. and global economies.
The outbreak of COVID-19 has caused many governments to implement stay-at-home orders and quarantines and place significant restrictions on travel. Many of these governments have also implemented work restrictions that prohibit or limit non-essential businesses from conducting normal operations, which has required employees to work remotely if possible or be terminated or furloughed. Some restrictions were relaxed during the summer months but have begun to be re-implemented as a result of increasing infection rates throughout the world. The health and safety of the Company's employees and customers is and will continue to be its highest priority throughout the pandemic. The Company has implemented protective measures relating to its workforce including, but not limited to, health monitoring, personal protective equipment, and enhanced cleaning and sanitizing procedures among other measures recommended by various federal, state and local governments. The Company is considering implementing various temporary cost containment measures in addition to those it has already implemented, including returning leased-in equipment to their owners, idling certain owned equipment, eliminating overtime and deferring certain planned repair and maintenance projects.
The Company continues to maintain a strong balance sheet and expects to meet all of its near-term maturities, capital commitments and other liquidity needs. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and marketable securities totaled $74.4 million, and the Company had as of such date and continues to have the ability to borrow up to $205.0 million under undrawn credit facilities. The Company also expects to benefit from certain provisions of the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act"), most notably from being able to carryback net operating losses for up to five years resulting in income tax refunds of approximately $32 million once the refund requests are processed. The Company is continuing to monitor the impacts of the pandemic on its businesses, operations and financial condition, and in the future may consider implementing mitigation strategies to protect its long-term sustainability.
The COVID-19 pandemic is a dynamic and continuously evolving phenomenon and the ultimate effect on the Company's business in the future, is uncertain. If the pandemic worsens, additional restrictions are implemented, current restrictions are imposed for a longer period of time to contain the outbreak or restrictions that have been relaxed are re-implemented, the Company may experience a material adverse effect on its businesses, results of operations and financial condition. For additional information see Part II Item 1A “Risk Factors.”
Spin-off
On June 1, 2017, the Company completed the spin-off of SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc. ("SEACOR Marine"), the company that operated SEACOR's Offshore Marine Services business segment, by means of a dividend of all of the issued and outstanding common stock of SEACOR Marine to SEACOR's shareholders (the "Spin-off").
Consolidated Results of Operations
Consolidating segment tables for each period presented below is included in Part IV “Note 18. Segment Information” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services
Bulk Transportation Services.
Demand for and the margins earned from U.S.-flag bulk transportation services are dependent on several factors including the following:
•the volumes and location of domestic crude oil and petroleum production and associated refining activity levels in the United States;
•the volume and location of domestic retail consumption of petroleum products and commercial demand for crude oil, petroleum products and chemicals;
•the impact of competition from domestic pipelines and railroads;
•the delivered cost and competitiveness of foreign sourced crude oil, oil products and chemicals;
•the number of U.S.-flag oceangoing vessels eligible to participate in the U.S. domestic trade and capable of transporting crude, petroleum or chemical products;
•domestically sourced coal and petroleum coke volumes required for regional power utilities particularly in Florida; and
•demand for phosphate rock and finished fertilizers produced in Florida requiring waterborne transportation to the Mississippi River system.
The available supply of U.S.-flag vessels fluctuates as newly built vessels are placed into service or older vessels are removed from service. Older vessels are typically removed from service when margins are poor and the vessels face regulatory dockings, or when users insist on contracting for newer or more modern vessels. In some cases, loading installations may not accept vessels in excess of certain age requirements, typically 25 years. As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services is not aware of any additional U.S.-flag tank vessels under construction that could compete with Ocean Services’ U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers currently in service. Additionally, Ocean Services believes that there are at least 13 U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers capable of carrying 155,000 barrels or more still operating that are in excess of 20 years old, including four owned by Ocean Services. Ocean Services believes there are currently twelve U.S.-flag bulk carriers with cargo carrying capacity ranging from 14,000 to 40,000 short tons eligible in the Jones Act trade of which Ocean Services owns of the largest assets. As of December 31, 2020, Ocean Services is not aware of any additional U.S.-flag bulk carriers under construction.
Port & Infrastructure Services.
The demand for harbor towing services is affected by the frequency, size and type of vessels calling within the U.S. ports where Ocean Services’ tugs are deployed. The total number of U.S.-flag harbor tugs in service is hard to ascertain. Operators continue to upgrade their fleets with newly built, larger horsepower azimuth drive tugs to service changing customer requirements. The demand for offshore towing activities is affected by the number of ocean barges, dead ships and other large floating equipment requiring auxiliary power. Bunkering equipment is deployed under long-term, fixed price contracts serving the Caribbean and the Bahamas.
Logistics Services.
The demand for logistics services is dependent on several factors. Demand for U.S.-flag PCTCs is generally dependent on global demand for automobiles, the operational policies and budgets of the U.S. military and demand for U.S. government cargo transportation. The U.S. government dictates the number and types of vessels enrolled in the U.S. Maritime Security Program ("MSP"), which provides a stipend to offset the higher cost of U.S. crews and operating standards required for U.S.-flag vessels. The U.S.-flag vessels, including Ocean Services’ PCTCs participating in the MSP program, are granted priority for U.S. government cargo over non-U.S.-flag vessels. Demand for liner and short-sea transportation is generally dependent on the volume of development and construction projects, demand for consumer and durable goods, manufacturing and industrial activity, and tourism trends within the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico.
Managed Services.
The demand for managed services is primarily dependent on the number of vessels owned by third parties who are unable to operate their own vessels and require the services of a third-party ship manager, such as financial institutions or owners without enough scale to manage in-house efficiently.
Results of Operations
The number and types of equipment operated, their contracted rates and utilization, and availability for service, taking into account dry-dock requirements and maintenance days, are the key determinants of Ocean Services’ operating results and cash flows. Unless a vessel is removed from operational service, there is little reduction in daily running costs and, consequently, operating margins are most sensitive to changes in contractual rates and utilization.
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Ocean Services’ operating costs and expenses are grouped into the following categories:
•personnel (primarily wages, benefits, payroll taxes, savings plans and travel for marine personnel);
•repairs and maintenance (primarily routine repairs and maintenance and overhauls which are performed in accordance with planned maintenance programs);
•dry-docking (primarily the cost of regulatory dry-dockings performed in accordance with applicable regulations);
•insurance and loss reserves (primarily the cost of Hull and Machinery and Protection and Indemnity insurance premiums and loss deductibles);
•fuel, lubes and supplies;
•leased-in equipment (includes the cost of leasing equipment from lessors under bareboat charter arrangements); and
•other (port charges, freight, vessel inspection costs and other).
Vessel dry-dockings are performed in accordance with applicable regulations, or if otherwise necessary. Costs are expensed when incurred. If a disproportionate number of dry-dockings are undertaken (or not required) in a particular fiscal year or quarter, operating expenses can vary significantly in comparison with a prior year or prior quarter.
For the years ended December 31, the results of operations for Ocean Services were as follows:
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
Operating Revenues:
United States 315,333  83  342,848  81  339,340  82 
Foreign 65,922  17  80,440  19  75,504  18 
381,255  100  423,288  100  414,844  100 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating:
Personnel 88,982  23  94,522  22  91,920  22 
Repairs and maintenance 22,519  6  22,829  5  24,267  6 
Dry-docking 13,551  4  21,336  5  18,183  4 
Insurance and loss reserves 7,904  2  8,165  2  6,833  2 
Fuel, lubes and supplies 27,052  7  33,189  8  34,559  8 
Leased-in equipment 50,670  13  45,246  11  40,099  10 
Other 50,546  13  55,522  13  53,433  13 
261,224  68  280,809  66  269,294  65 
Administrative and general 42,847  11  40,215  10  40,179  10 
Depreciation and amortization 40,787  11  40,986  10  46,270  11 
344,858  90  362,010  86  355,743  86 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 1,510  —  1,291  1  12,887  3 
Operating Income 37,907  10  62,569  15  71,988  17 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency gains (losses), net 452  —  (98) —  (168) — 
Other, net 2  —  (112) —  570  — 
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (1,906) —  (669) —  3,632  1 
Segment Profit(1)
36,455  10  61,690  15  76,022  18 
______________________
(1)Includes amounts attributable to both SEACOR and noncontrolling interests. See Part IV “Note 13. Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Operating Revenues by Line of Service. The table below sets forth, for the years indicated, the types of operating revenues earned by line of service.
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
Operating Revenues:
Bulk Transportation Services:
Petroleum and chemical:
Time charter 76,956  20  101,900  24  103,807  25 
Bareboat charter 40,824  11  29,514  6  36,704  9 
Voyage charter 8,934  2  7,126  2  14,928  3 
Dry bulk:
Contracts of affreightment 12,876  3  24,541  6  11,872  3 
Voyage charter 23,195  6  8,181  2  20,406  5 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Tariff 68,758  18  79,757  19  74,157  18 
Time charter 7,046  2  6,902  2  4,988  1 
Bareboat charter 6,625  2  6,685  2  7,432  2 
Logistics Services:
Time charter(1)
54,420  14  60,344  14  40,311  10 
Voyage charter 28,735  8  31,074  7  38,645  9 
Unit freight 48,934  13  63,420  15  58,326  14 
Managed services 3,952  1  3,844  1  3,268  1 
381,255  100  423,288  100  414,844  100 
______________________
(1)Includes MSP revenues of $16.6 million, $15.4 million and $19.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
2020 compared with 2019
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $42.0 million lower in 2020 compared with 2019.
Operating revenues from bulk transportation were $8.5 million lower in 2020 compared with 2019.
Operating revenues from petroleum and chemical transportation were $11.8 million lower primarily due to the December 2019 change in contract status from time charter to bareboat charter for one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier, partially offset by less out-of-service time for regulatory dry-dockings and repairs for the U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier fleet.
Operating revenues from dry bulk transportation were $3.3 million higher primarily due to higher voyage charter activity.
Operating revenues from port and infrastructure services were $10.9 million lower primarily due to lower activity levels in its port network due to both the COVID-19 pandemic and the impact of port closures as a consequence of hurricane and major storm activity along the U.S. Gulf Coast.
Operating revenues from logistics services were $22.7 million lower primarily due to lower military and commercial cargo activity for PCTCs associated with the COVID-19 pandemic and a decrease in unit freight shipping demand for containers and project cargoes into the Bahamas and Turks and Caicos as a consequence of COVID-19 quarantines and the shutdown of non-essential commercial activity
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $19.6 million lower in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to:
•lower personnel and operating costs following the December 2019 change in contract status from time charter to bareboat charter for one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier;
•lower regulatory dry-docking costs for U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers and U.S.-flag PCTCs;
•lower fuel, lubes and supplies expenses due to lower military and commercial activity for the U.S.-flag PCTC fleet, the scrapping of one U.S.-flag bulk carrier and a decrease in unit freight shipping demand and port activities as a consequence of mandated COVID-19 quarantines and the shutdown of non-essential commercial activities; and
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•lower voyage costs for logistics services as a consequence of the decreased activities discussed above; partially offset by
•higher leased-in equipment expenses to time charter-in two U.S.-flag dry bulk carriers to complete a contractual obligation.
Administrative and General. Administrative and general expenses were $2.6 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to higher pension and legal costs partially offset by lower travel costs as a result of the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net. During 2020, Ocean Services sold one U.S.-flag bulk carrier, one U.S.-flag offshore tug and other equipment for net proceeds of $7.2 million and gains of $1.5 million. During 2019, Ocean Services sold one short-sea container/RORO vessel and other equipment for net proceeds of $1.9 million and gains of $0.2 million. In addition, in 2019 Ocean Services recognized $1.1 million of previously deferred gains following the repayment of notes receivable related to the sale of one harbor tug and certain real property.
Operating Income. Excluding the impact of gains on asset dispositions, net, operating income as a percentage of operating revenues was 10% in 2020 compared with 14% in 2019. The decrease was primarily due to lower operating revenues and higher leased-in equipment expenses, partially offset by lower personnel, dry-docking and overall voyage costs.
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. Ocean Services recognized equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, of $1.9 million in 2020 compared with $0.7 million in 2019. The decline was primarily due to losses from Trailer Bridge, Inc. ("Trailer Bridge") associated with decreased demand in the Puerto Rico liner trade due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, partially offset by an increase in earnings from Kotug Seabulk Maritime LLC (“KSM”) and lower losses from Ocean Services' 50% or less owned companies that own and operate rail ferries.
2019 compared with 2018
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $8.4 million higher in 2019 compared with 2018.
Operating revenues from bulk transportation services were $16.5 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018.
Operating revenues from petroleum and chemical transportation were $16.9 million lower primarily due to the return of one previously leased-in U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier in early 2019, the sale of another U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier in March 2018, higher out-of-service time for regulatory dry-dockings and repairs, a reduction in the time charter rate for one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier in exchange for a multi-year extension of the charter and a change in contract status from time charter to bareboat charter for another U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier.
Operating revenues from port and infrastructure services were $6.8 million higher primarily due to higher port traffic and time charter contract activities.
Operating revenues from logistics services were $17.6 million higher primarily due to higher military and commercial cargo activities and an increase in demand for containers and project cargoes for the movement of relief supplies to the Bahamas following Hurricane Dorian. Changes between time charter and voyage charter revenues were primarily the result of changes in contract status for military cargo activities.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $11.5 million higher in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to:
•higher regulatory dry-docking costs for U.S-flag petroleum and chemical carriers and U.S.-flag PCTCs;
•higher leased-in equipment costs for short-sea container/RORO vessels in response to increased shipping demand and for U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers due to the amortization of previously deferred gains in 2018;
•higher personnel costs due to pre-negotiated rate increases under the terms of certain collective bargaining agreements;
•higher voyage costs for PCTCs as a result of higher military and commercial cargo activity; and
•higher insurance deductible claim costs.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $5.3 million lower primarily due to the U.S.-flag bulk carriers being fully depreciated during 2018.
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net. During 2019, Ocean Services sold one short-sea container/RORO vessel and other equipment for net proceeds of $1.9 million and gains of $0.2 million. In addition, in 2019 Ocean Services recognized $1.1 million of previously deferred gains following the repayment of notes receivable related to the sale of one harbor tug and certain real property. During 2018, Ocean Services sold one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier, one U.S.-flag harbor tug and other equipment for net proceeds of $5.1 million and gains of $1.9 million. In addition, in 2018 Ocean Services recognized previously deferred gains of $11.0 million due to a change in the lease duration for one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier.
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Operating Income. Excluding gains on asset dispositions, net, operating income as a percentage of operating revenues was 14% in 2019 and 2018. Higher personnel, dry-docking, leased-in equipment and voyage costs were offset by higher revenues.
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. Ocean Services recognized equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, of $0.7 million in 2019 compared with equity in earnings of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, of $3.6 million in 2018, primarily due to lower earnings from Trailer Bridge associated with increased capacity in the Puerto Rico liner trade. These decreases were partially offset by lower losses from Ocean Services’ 50% or less owned companies that own and operate rail ferries as a consequence of out-of-service time and associated dry-docking costs and repair and maintenance expenses for the rail ferries during 2018.
Inland Transportation & Logistics Services
Bulk Transportation Services.
The results of Inland Services are primarily driven by demand for inland river bulk transportation services. The balance between supply of equipment and demand for services determines prices, utilization and margins achieved. Factors that influence demand for services include:
•the level of domestic and international demand for agricultural commodities, iron ore, steel, steel by-products, coal, ethanol, petroleum and other bulk commodities;
•the level of domestic production of corn, soybeans and carryover stocks and the price of these commodities;
•the level of domestic and international consumption of agricultural products and the effect of these levels on the volumes of products that are physically moved into the export markets;
•the relative cost of transporting products on the inland waterways from the U.S. Midwest to the U.S. Gulf of Mexico for export compared with the cost via rail to the Pacific Northwest;
•the relative cost of ocean freight from other producing origins; and
•the strength or weakness of the U.S. dollar and its impact on the import and export markets.
Within the United States and international markets, utilization and margins are also significantly impacted by the following factors:
•the supply of barges available to move products;
•operating conditions on the inland waterways including operating status of locks and dams;
•the effect of river levels on the loading capacities of barges in terms of draft and boat tow size restrictions;
•the ability to position barges to maximize efficiencies and utility in moving cargoes both northbound and southbound; and
•the availability of qualified wheelhouse personnel.
Even with the softer economy resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic, total non-grain loadings for 2020 increased 6% from a year ago mainly due to increased fertilizer volumes. Flooding during the spring of 2019 reduced fertilizer movement on the river system, which negatively affected volumes. While the steel and aluminum sectors saw reduced import volumes the movement of these commodities were consistent year over year. Steel prices ended the year at record levels, more than doubling over a six-month period, even with domestic mill utilization remaining 10% below 2019 levels.
The strong export demand for soybeans has been driven mainly by China’s increased feed demand as rebuilding of their hog herd continued. Adverse weather in South America led to late plantings of soybeans which allowed the U.S. to have a longer export window for soybeans. U.S. carryout for soybeans is currently projected at three percent of usage. Imports will be needed later in the summer of 2021 to bridge the gap to the new crop. The U.S. is also enjoying strong corn export demand due to strong Chinese demand and adverse weather in South America. Domestic prices for corn and soybeans are at multi-year highs and U.S. farmers are almost sold out of soybeans and well over half sold on corn inventories. The combination of strong export demand and farmer movement has supported freight rates and buying interest by shippers into the fall of 2021. U.S. soybean and corn acreage is expected to increase by 8-9 million acres combined in 2021 with corn acres expected to remain unchanged from 2020 at around 90 million acres. Over 9 million acres went unplanted in 2020 down from 17 million acres during the flood affected 2019 planting season. Late harvested corn in the spring of 2020 prevented several million acres from being planted in 2020. A dry fall and winter in the Western Corn Belt has allowed for a significant amount of field work which should aid in getting the 2021 planting season off to a good start.

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At the end of 2020, the average age of Inland Services’ covered dry-cargo barge fleet was 13 years, which Inland Services believes is among the youngest fleets operating on the U.S. Inland Waterways. Inland Services estimates that approximately 40% of the dry-cargo barge fleet operating on the U.S. Inland Waterways is over 20 years old. Inland Services believes the relatively young age of its dry-cargo barge fleet enhances its availability and reliability, reduces downtime for repairs and obviates, for the immediate future, the necessity of replacement capital expenditures to maintain its fleet size and revenue generating capacity.
Internationally, liquid tank barge operations suffered a reduction in activity due to a decline in production of fuel in Colombia as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Inland river bulk transportation services were negatively impacted in South America primarily due to historically low water levels on Paraguay River significantly reducing loadings and extending voyage cycle times.
Port & Infrastructure Services.
Inland Services’ terminal operations saw increased activity in 2020 primarily due to high-water levels in the St. Louis harbor in 2019 causing many facility closures for a month or more, which resulted in decreased throughput volumes.
Inland Services’ fleeting operations were negatively impacted in 2020 from decreased barge and boat activities in the St. Louis harbor, primarily attributable to a decrease in demand for crude oil as a consequence of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Logistics Services.
During 2020, SEACOR America’s Marine Highway (“AMH”) saw a 5 percent increase of twenty-foot equivalent container units transported via barge compared with 2019, helping to eliminate approximately 50,000 truck shipments off the interstate highway system.
Managed Services.
During 2020, Inland Services provided management services related to barge and towboat operations.
Results of Operations
Fleet size, equipment utilization levels from volumes of product moved and margins earned are the key determinants of Inland Services’ operating results and cash flows. Increased demand for inland river transportation services generally leads to higher barge freight rates. Adverse river conditions caused by severe weather can reduce volumes of product moved and increase barge logistics costs. Margins earned are also impacted by how efficiently Inland Services is able to coordinate cargo movements to minimize the repositioning costs of empty barges.
The aggregate cost of Inland Services’ operations depends primarily on the size and mix of its fleet and the level of barge activity. Inland Services’ operating costs and expenses are grouped into the following categories:
•barge logistics (primarily towing, switching, fleeting and cleaning costs);
•personnel (primarily wages, benefits, payroll taxes, savings plans and travel for marine personnel);
•repairs and maintenance (primarily repairs and maintenance on towboats and barges, which are performed in accordance with planned maintenance programs);
•insurance and loss reserves (primarily the cost of Hull and Machinery, Protection and Indemnity and cargo insurance premiums and loss deductibles);
•fuel, lubes and supplies;
•leased-in equipment (the cost of leasing equipment, including bought-in freight and towboats); and
•other (rail car logistics, property taxes, project costs and other).
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For the years ended December 31, the results of operations for Inland Services were as follows:
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
Operating Revenues:
United States 264,565  97  258,195  97  274,742  96 
Foreign 7,324  3  9,139  3  10,946  4 
271,889  100  267,334  100  285,688  100 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating:
Barge logistics 146,519  54  151,323  57  165,032  58 
Personnel 21,381  8  17,620  7  17,709  6 
Repairs and maintenance 6,111  2  5,798  2  5,747  2 
Insurance and loss reserves 3,603  1  4,808  2  2,734  1 
Fuel, lubes and supplies 6,199  2  6,982  2  7,835  3 
Leased-in equipment 12,127  5  14,102  5  9,649  3 
Other 12,304  5  15,432  6  16,784  6 
Net barge pool earnings attributable to third parties 13,942  5  13,052  5  11,520  4 
222,186  82  229,117  86  237,010  83 
Administrative and general 13,956  5  13,441  5  13,139  5 
Depreciation and amortization 24,917  9  23,262  9  24,164  8 
261,059  96  265,820  100  274,313  96 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 9,165  3  1,602  1  6,659  2 
Operating Income 19,995  7  3,116  1  18,034  6 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency losses, net (852) —  (212) —  (2,002) — 
Other, net 1,937  1  —  —  51  — 
Equity in Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (7,756) (3) (6,520) (2) (5,686) (2)
Segment Profit (Loss)(1)
13,324  5  (3,616) (1) 10,397  4 
______________________
(1)Includes amounts attributable to both SEACOR and noncontrolling interests. See Part IV “Note 13. Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
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Operating Revenues by Service Line. The following table presents, for the years indicated, operating revenues by service line.
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
As Adjusted
Operating Revenues:
Bulk Transportation Services:
Dry-cargo barge pools(1)
191,686  70  193,178  72  208,429  73 
Charter-out of dry-cargo barges —  —  —  —  5  — 
International liquid tank barge operations 7,325  3  9,139  3  10,946  4 
Boat, specialty barge and other operations 8,287  3  7,119  2  3,602  1 
Port & Infrastructure Services:
Terminal operations 22,133  8  17,878  7  22,991  8 
Fleeting operations 20,650  8  20,066  8  20,450  7 
Machine shop and shipyard 3,893  1  2,877  1  3,031  1 
Logistics services 15,892  6  15,155  6  14,309  5 
Managed services 2,023  1  1,922  1  1,925  1 
271,889  100  267,334  100  285,688  100 
______________________
(1)Operating revenues for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, includes $80.9 million, $82.7 million and $87.7 million, respectively, attributable to third-party barge owners participating in dry-cargo barge pools managed by the Company.
2020 compared with 2019
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $4.6 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019.
Operating revenues from bulk transportation services were $2.1 million lower in 2020 compared with 2019. Operating revenues from the dry-cargo barge pools were $1.5 million lower primarily due to a reduction in fleet size in one of the barge pools as a result of a third-party pool participant returning leased-in barges to their owner. Operating revenues from international liquid tank barge operations were $1.8 million lower primarily due to an decrease in volumes moved as a consequence of lower fuel production in Colombia following a countrywide lockdown in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and low water conditions. Operating revenues from boat, specialty barge and other operations were $1.2 million higher primarily due to placing one newly built towboat into service during the fourth quarter of 2019.
Operating revenues from port and infrastructure services were $5.9 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019. Operating revenues from terminal operations were $4.3 million higher primarily due to the impacts of prolonged flooding and a 45-day closure of the St. Louis harbor in 2019, which reduced bulk and liquid terminal operations. Operating revenues from machine shop and shipyard services were $1.0 million higher primarily due to an increase in third-party projects.
Operating revenues from logistics services were $0.7 million higher primarily due to increased container movements.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $6.9 million lower in 2020 compared with 2019. Barge logistics expenses were $4.8 million lower primarily due to a decrease in towing and switching costs, which were impacted by tow size restrictions and high water rate surcharges in 2019 and a reduction in fleet size. Personnel costs were $3.8 million higher primarily due to placing two towboats into service in logistics services, the impact of reduced activity levels in 2019 due to the prolonged flooding, and the acquisition of a fleeting business in November 2020. Insurance expenses were $1.2 million lower primarily due to the impact of claims and deductibles related to the prolonged flooding during 2019. Fuel, lubes and supplies were $0.8 million lower primarily due to higher fuel usage in 2019 for the fleeting operations in response to the prolonged flooding and higher fuel prices. Leased-in equipment expense was $2.0 million lower primarily due to the return of a chartered-in towboat in logistics service. Other operating expenses were $3.1 million lower primarily due to a reduction in stevedoring expenses in logistics services following the internalization of stevedore activities.
Administrative and General. Administrative and general expenses were $0.5 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to the acquisition of a fleeting business in November 2020.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $1.7 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to placing three inland river towboats and other equipment into service and the acquisition of a fleeting business in November 2020.

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Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net. During 2020, Inland Services sold 39 inland river dry-cargo barges and other equipment for net proceeds of $9.2 million and gains of $7.8 million. In addition, in 2020 Inland Services recognized previously deferred gains of $1.3 million. During 2019, Inland Services sold other equipment for net proceeds of $0.7 million and gains of $0.3 million. In addition, in 2019 Inland Services recognized previously deferred gains of $1.3 million.
Operating Income. Excluding the impact of gains on asset dispositions, net, operating income as a percentage of operating revenues was 4% in 2020 compared with 0% in 2019. The increase was primarily due to higher earnings from the dry-cargo barge pools and terminal and fleeting operations all of which were negatively impacted by poor operating conditions and river closures as a result of the prolonged flooding during 2019.
Foreign Currency Gains (Losses), Net. During 2020, Inland Services recognized $0.9 million in foreign currency losses primarily due to the weakening of the Colombian peso versus the U.S. dollar underlying certain intercompany lease obligations.
Other, net. In 2020, other, net primarily consists of the receipt of proceeds from a business interruption insurance claim related to the prolonged flooding in 2019.
Equity in Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. During 2020 and 2019, Inland Services recognized $7.8 million and $6.5 million, respectively, of equity losses in 50% or less owned companies, net of tax. Operating results for SCF Bunge Marine LLC ("SCF Bunge Marine"), Inland Services' 50% or less owned company that operates towboats on the U.S. Inland Waterways, were $1.2 million higher primarily due to improved operating conditions, placing an additional inland river towboat into service and lower fuel prices. Operating results for Bunge-SCF Grain LLC ("Bunge-SCF Grain"), Inland Services' 50% or less owned company that operates grain elevators in Illinois, were $1.1 million lower primarily due a reduction in throughput volumes at interior elevators and a reduction in storage income due to strong export demand. Operating results for SCFCo Holdings LLC ("SCFCo"), Inland Services' 50% or less owned company that operates on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway in South America, were $1.2 million lower primarily due to low water levels resulting in reduced barge intake volumes and increased transit times.
2019 compared with 2018
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $18.4 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to prolonged flooding throughout the U.S. Inland Waterways resulting in severe disruption to Inland Services operations.
Operating revenues from bulk transportation services were $13.5 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018. Operating revenues from the dry-cargo barge pools were $15.3 million lower primarily due to severe disruptions related to river flooding during the summer and the impact of weaker export demand due to the placement of tariffs on certain goods, primarily grain exports. Operating revenues from international liquid tank barge operations were $1.8 million lower primarily due to reduced high sulfur fuel oil movements in anticipation of new environmental restrictions beginning in 2020. Operating revenues from boat, specialty barge and other operations were $3.5 million higher primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard and one newly built towboat being placed into service during the fourth quarter of 2019.
Operating revenues from port and infrastructure services were $5.7 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018. Prolonged flooding and a 45-day closure of the St. Louis harbor restricted terminal and fleeting operations. Volumes handled by the company’s terminal operations were 28% lower in 2019 compared with 2018.
Operating revenues from logistics services were $0.8 million higher primarily due to increased drayage activity.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $7.6 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018.
Barge logistics expenses were $13.7 million lower, primarily due to lower towing and switching costs as a consequence of the severe disruption to bulk transportation services caused by river flooding and the impact of tariffs on certain goods. Insurance and loss reserves were $2.1 million higher primarily due to additional insurance claim deductibles in 2019 including costs incurred from damage in the St. Louis harbor caused by flooding. Fuel, lubes and supplies were $0.9 million lower primarily due to lower fuel usage from harbor boat activity as a consequence of the severe flooding noted above. Leased-in equipment expenses were $4.5 million higher primarily due to the adoption of the new lease accounting standard partially offset by lower bought-in freight expenses for Inland Services’ dry-cargo barge operations as a consequence of lower demand.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $0.9 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to certain liquid terminal assets being fully depreciating during 2018 partially offset by placing certain terminal equipment into service during 2019.
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net. During 2019, Inland Services sold other equipment for net proceeds of $0.7 million and gains of $0.3 million. In addition, in 2019 Inland Services recognized previously deferred gains of $1.3 million. During 2018, Inland Services sold 32 inland river dry-cargo barges, two specialty barges and other equipment for net proceeds of $10.9 million and gains of $4.7 million. In addition, in 2018 Inland Services recognized previously deferred gains of $2.0 million.
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Operating Income. Excluding the impact of gains on asset dispositions, net, operating income as a percentage of operating revenues was 0% in 2019 compared with 4% in 2018. The decrease was primarily due to lower earnings from the dry-cargo barge pools and terminal and fleeting operations as a consequence of lower demand.
Foreign Currency Gains (Losses), Net. During 2019, Inland Services recognized $0.2 million in foreign currency losses, net primarily due to changes in the exchange rate between the Colombian peso and U.S. dollar underlying certain intercompany lease obligations.
Equity in Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. During 2019 and 2018, Inland Services recognized $6.5 million and $5.7 million, respectively, of equity losses in 50% or less owned companies, net of tax. During 2019, operating results for SCF Bunge Marine LLC were $0.9 million lower primarily due to poor operating conditions as a result of river closures, flooding, and tow size restrictions. Operating results for Bunge-SCF Grain were $1.4 million higher due to higher grain volumes handled at its inland facilities. Operating results for SCFCo were $1.4 million lower primarily due to a reduction in volumes due to lower water levels and market demand.
Witt O’Brien’s
Witt O’Brien’s results declined in 2020, driven by a decrease in revenues and an increase in administrative and general expenses. The majority of the decrease in revenues was driven by a reduction in recovery project volumes following the major hurricanes that struck the U.S. and Caribbean and ensuing relief work during 2017 and 2018, including the hurricanes causing significant damage in the U.S. Virgin Islands. Several of these projects have either been successfully completed or have reduced in scope as work has progressed. This decline was partially offset by new contracts providing COVID-19 pandemic response services for over 70 clients nationwide. Witt O’Brien’s continues to serve territorial, state and local governments in Alabama, California, Florida Kansas, Louisiana, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, Washington and the territories of Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, as well as a wide variety of corporate customers. Many of Witt O’Brien’s public and private sector projects that were in progress at the end of 2020 continue into 2021, including projects in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Results of Operations
The number of retainer customers, private and public sector consulting engagements and the number, severity and location of natural and man-made disasters are the key determinants of Witt O’Brien’s operating results and cash flows.
For the years ended December 31, the results of operations for Witt O’Brien’s were as follows:
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
Operating Revenues:
United States 88,111  95  98,492  97  129,039  98 
Foreign 4,369  5  3,291  3  2,670  2 
92,480  100  101,783  100  131,709  100 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 58,520  63  68,052  67  83,203  63 
Administrative and general 28,060  31  25,959  25  24,772  19 
Depreciation and amortization 1,335  1  835  1  1,944  1 
87,915  95  94,846  93  109,919  83 
Gains on Asset Dispositions —  —  18  —  —  — 
Operating Income 4,565  5  6,955  7  21,790  17 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency losses, net (48) —  (1) —  (28) — 
Other, net 149  —  (463) (1) —  — 
Equity in Earnings of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax 806  1  902  1  203  — 
Segment Profit 5,472  6  7,393  7  21,965  17 
2020 compared with 2019
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $9.3 million lower primarily due to the successful completion of major task orders related to long-term recovery programs in the U.S. Virgin Islands and the conclusion of disaster response work for multiple city and county governments, partially offset by new contracts in support of clients' COVID-19 pandemic responses.
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Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $9.5 million lower primarily due to the completion of major recovery program task orders primarily in the U.S. Virgin Islands.
Administrative and General. Administrative and general expenses were $2.1 million higher, primarily due to higher bad debt reserves related to a dispute with a subcontractor partially offset by lower travel expenses as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $0.5 million higher primarily due to the amortization of intangible assets arising from a business acquisition during the first quarter of 2020.
Operating Income. Operating income was 5% of operating revenues in 2020 compared with 7% in 2019. An improvement in gross margin in 2020 was offset by an increase in bad debt reserves and higher depreciation and amortization expense.
2019 compared with 2018
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $29.9 million lower primarily due to the completion and stage of certain post-disaster response and recovery services that were provided to territory, state and local governments across the U.S. Virgin Islands, Texas, North Carolina, Florida and California. There was also comparatively less disaster activity in 2019 compared with 2018 and 2017, leading to a decline in new response and recovery projects.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $15.2 million lower primarily due to decreased subcontracted labor costs consistent with the lower operating revenues discussed above.
Administrative and General. Administrative and general expenses were $1.2 million higher primarily due to expenses incurred in business development.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $1.1 million lower primarily due to certain intangible assets becoming fully depreciated in 2018.
Operating Income. Operating income was 7% of operating revenues in 2019 compared with 17% in 2018. The decrease was primarily due to the mix of post-disaster response and recovery services provided to territory, state and local governments across the U.S. Virgin Islands, Texas, North Carolina, Florida and California and the related costs.
Equity in Earnings of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. Equity in earnings of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax was $0.7 million higher in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to increased emergency response services for O'Brien's do Brasil Consultoria em Emergencias e Meio Ambiente A/A in both the mining and energy sectors in Brazil.
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Other
For the years ended December 31, segment loss for the Company’s Other activities was as follows:
2020 2019 2018
Amount Percent Amount Percent Amount Percent
$ ’000 % $ ’000 % $ ’000 %
Operating Revenues:
United States 8,266  100  7,681  100  3,446  96 
Foreign —  —  —  —  143  4 
8,266  100  7,681  100  3,589  100 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 6,168  75  5,464  71  2,455  69 
Administrative and general 3,287  40  3,489  45  1,841  51 
Depreciation and amortization 2,167  26  1,982  26  501  14 
11,622  141  10,935  142  4,797  134 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 60  1  32  —  37  1 
Operating Loss (3,296) (40) (3,222) (42) (1,171) (33)
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency losses, net —  —  —  —  (3) — 
Other, net
29  —  431  6  54,249  n/m
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (1,327) (16) 1,037  13  1,779  50 
Segment Profit (Loss)(1)
(4,594) (56) (1,754) (23) 54,854  n/m
______________________
(1)Includes amounts attributable to both SEACOR and noncontrolling interests.
“n/m” The balance as a percentage of operating revenues is not meaningful.
Operating Activities. The operating activities of Other primarily consist of the business activities of Cleancor, which the Company acquired on June 1, 2018.
2020 Compared with 2019
Operating Revenues. Operating revenues were $0.6 million higher primarily due to an increase in fuel sales to supply a pipeline interruption project, an onshore oil and gas exploration project and a customer's fleet expansion, as well as the sale of equipment from inventory.
Operating Expenses. Operating expenses were $0.7 million higher primarily due to an increase in the cost of sales associated with the increase in fuel sales volumes, and an increase in technical management and equipment rentals associated with the projects discussed above, partially offset by lower re-certification costs of certain equipment.
Depreciation and Amortization. Depreciation and amortization expenses were $0.2 million higher as a result of placing additional equipment into service partially offset by asset sales.
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. The Company’s 50% or less owned companies included in Other primarily consist of general aviation services businesses in Asia and an agricultural commodity trading and logistics business. The increase in equity losses was primarily due to losses from Avion Pacific Limited (“Avion”) and VA&E Trading LLP (“VA&E”).
2019 Compared with 2018
Operating results in 2019 were lower as a consequence of re-certification costs for certain equipment and the addition of personnel and equipment following an expansion of Cleancor's fleet and services.
Other, Net. Other, net in 2018 primarily consists of a gain of $53.9 million on the sale of the Company’s 34.2% interest in Hawker Pacific Airservices Limited (“Hawker Pacific”).
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax. The Company’s 50% or less owned companies primarily consist of general aviation services businesses in Asia, including Hawker Pacific prior to its sale in 2018, and an agricultural commodity trading and logistics business.
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Corporate and Eliminations
2020 2019 2018
$ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000
Corporate Expenses (26,597) (24,295) (24,767)
Eliminations 81  32  125 
Operating Loss (26,516) (24,263) (24,642)
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency gains (losses), net 66  (1) (63)
Other, net 977  10  94 
Corporate Expenses. Corporate expenses were $2.3 million higher in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to higher legal and advisory fees associated with the transaction contemplated by the Merger Agreement with affiliates of American Industrial Partners, partially offset by lower compensation and travel and entertainment expenses.
Other, net. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reached an agreement with SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc. ("SEACOR Marine"), a consolidated subsidiary prior to the Spin-off, to allow SEACOR Marine to carryback certain of its tax net operating losses ("NOLs") to tax years in which SEACOR Marine was part of the Company's consolidated tax group. The carrybacks are allowed as a result of the CARES Act. In exchange for allowing SEACOR Marine to carryback its NOLs, SEACOR Marine agreed to: deposit certain of the tax refunds into a controlled deposit account to cash collateralize certain guarantees the Company made on behalf of SEACOR Marine at the time of the Spin-off; prepay its sublease with the Company for office space; provide certain representations and warranties to the Company; and pay the Company a fee of $1.0 million. As of December 31, 2020, the guarantees on behalf of SEACOR Marine totaled $7.0 million.
Other Income (Expense) not included in Segment Profit
2020 2019 2018
$’000 $’000 $’000
Interest income 6,193  7,471  8,730 
Interest expense (15,949) (19,233) (31,683)
Debt extinguishment gains (losses), net 1,348  (2,244) (11,626)
Marketable security gains (losses), net (567) 18,394  (12,431)
(8,975) 4,388  (47,010)
Interest Income. Interest income in 2020 was $1.3 million lower compared with 2019 primarily due to lower interest rates. Interest income in 2019 was $1.3 million lower compared with 2018 primarily due to lower invested cash balances and lower interest rates.
Interest Expense. Interest expense was $3.3. million lower in 2020 compared with 2019 primarily due to the purchase and redemption of the remaining amounts of the Company's 3.0% Convertible Senor Notes due 2028 (the "3.0% Convertible Senior Notes") in September 2020. Interest expense was $12.5 million lower in 2019 compared with 2018 primarily due to the redemption of the Company's 7.375% Senior Notes due 2019 (the "7.375% Senior Notes") in October 2018, lower outstanding balances on the Company's 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes due to repurchases by the Company and lower outstanding balances on the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility, partially offset by interest on the Company's 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due 2030 (the"3.25% Convertible Senior Notes") issued in May 2018.
Debt Extinguishment Gains (Losses), Net. During 2020, the Company purchased $12.9 million in principal amount of its 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due 2027 for total consideration of $10.9 million resulting in debt extinguishment gains of $1.9 million. Additionally, during 2020 and prior to their redemption, the Company purchased $15.6 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $15.4 million. On September 14, 2020, the Company redeemed the remaining $34.5 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the date of redemption. These transactions collectively resulted in debt extinguishment losses of $0.6 million.
During 2019, the Company purchased $57.2 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $56.2 million resulting in losses on debt extinguishment of $2.1 million.
During 2018, the Company exchanged $117.8 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for a like principal amount of new 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes and purchased $4.9 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $4.7 million. In addition, prior to the redemption, the Company purchased $5.7 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $5.9 million. On October
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31, 2018, the Company redeemed the remaining $147.4 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $153.0 million including a make-whole premium of $5.6 million calculated in accordance with the terms of the indenture.
Marketable Security Gains (Losses), Net. Marketable security gains (losses) in all periods relate to marking-to-market the Company's long marketable security positions. In 2019 and 2018 the marketable security gains (losses), net primarily related to marking-to-market the Company's long marketable security position in Dorian LPG Ltd ("Dorian"), a publicly traded company listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “LPG.” During 2019, the Company sold the remainder of its Dorian common stock and its current marketable security portfolio primarily consists of investments in energy, marine, transportation and other related businesses.
Income Taxes
The Company’s effective income tax rate in 2020, 2019, and 2018 was (27.0)%, 20.0% and 9.2%, respectively. See Part IV “Note 9. Income Taxes” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K for additional information.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
General
The Company’s ongoing liquidity requirements arise primarily from working capital needs, capital commitments and its obligations to repay debt. The Company may use its liquidity to fund acquisitions, repurchase shares of SEACOR common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) for treasury, repurchase its outstanding notes or make other investments. Sources of liquidity are cash balances, marketable securities, cash flows from operations and availability under the Company's revolving credit facilities. From time to time, the Company may secure additional liquidity through asset sales or the issuance of debt, shares of Common Stock or common stock of its subsidiaries, preferred stock or a combination thereof.
The Company's capital commitments as of December 31, 2020 by year of expected payment were as follows (in thousands):
2021 2022 Total
Ocean Services $ 34,204  $ 5,103  $ 39,307 
Inland Services 3,700  —  3,700 
Other 109  —  109 
$ 38,013  $ 5,103  $ 43,116 
Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company committed to purchase other property and equipment for $0.2 million.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding debt of $277.0 million, net of discounts and issue costs, and letters of credit totaling $1.1 million with various expiration dates through 2027. In addition, as of December 31, 2020, the Company guaranteed payments on behalf of SEACOR Marine totaling $7.0 million, under certain sale-leaseback transactions. These guarantees continue to be contingent obligations of the Company because the beneficiary of the guarantees did not release the Company from its obligations in connection with the Spin-off and decline as payments are made by SEACOR Marine on the underlying obligations. The Company earns a fee from SEACOR Marine of 0.5% per annum on the amount of the obligations under these guarantees.
As of December 31, 2020, the holders of the Company’s 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes ($51.6 million outstanding) and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes ($117.8 million outstanding) may require the Company to repurchase such notes on December 19, 2022 and May 15, 2025, respectively, pursuant to the indentures governing such notes. The Company’s long-term debt maturities, assuming the holders of the aforementioned convertible senior notes require the Company to repurchase such notes on their applicable put dates, are as follows (in thousands):

2021 $ 12,838 
2022 64,068 
2023 12,348 
2024 82,224 
2025 120,017 
Years subsequent to 2025 5,499 
$ 296,994 

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SEACOR’s Board of Directors previously approved a securities repurchase plan that authorizes the Company to acquire its Common Stock, 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes collectively the ("Securities"), through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s remaining repurchase authority for the Securities was $102.2 million.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company held balances of cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and marketable securities totaling $74.4 million. Additionally, the Company had $205.0 million available under its revolving credit facilities.
Summary of Cash Flows
2020 2019 2018
$ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000
Cash provided by or (used in):
Operating Activities 37,583  119,273  49,428 
Investing Activities (34,626) (32,568) 80,492 
Financing Activities (14,687) (155,471) (224,799)
Effect of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents 108  (2) (137)
Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents (11,622) (68,768) (95,016)
Operating Activities
Cash flows provided by operating activities decreased $81.7 million during 2020 compared with 2019 and increased $69.8 million during 2019 compared with 2018. The components of cash flows provided by (used in) operating activities during the years ended December 31, were as follows:
2020 2019 2018
$ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000
Operating income before depreciation, amortization and gains on asset dispositions, net 92,473  110,816  140,995 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities before interest and income taxes (53,111) (37,619) (46,574)
Purchases of marketable securities (228) (5,752) — 
Proceeds from sales of marketable securities —  46,526  14 
Dividends received from 50% or less owned companies 2,103  100  5,907 
Interest paid, excluding capitalized interest (1)
(10,992) (12,903) (26,880)
Income taxes (paid) refunded, net (13,802) 3,448  (27,166)
Other(2)
21,140  14,657  3,132 
Total cash flows provided by operating activities 37,583  119,273  49,428 
_____________________
(1)During 2020, 2019 and 2018, capitalized interest paid and included in purchases of property and equipment was $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
(2)Primarily includes interest income, amortization of stock award expense and bad debt expense.
Operating income before depreciation, amortization and gains on asset dispositions and impairments, net decreased $18.3 million during 2020 compared with 2019 and decreased $30.2 million during 2019 compared with 2018. See “Consolidated Results of Operations” included above for a discussion of the results for each of the Company’s business segments.
During 2020, cash provided by operating activities included $0.2 million used to purchase marketable security long positions. During 2019, cash provided by operating activities included $46.5 million received from the sale of marketable security long positions and $5.8 million of cash used to purchase long marketable securities.
Investing Activities
During 2020, net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $34.6 million primarily as follows:
•Capital expenditures were $31.5 million primarily related to progress payments toward the construction of four U.S.-flag harbor tugs; the delivery of six inland river dry-cargo barges and one inland river towboat, and the purchase of machinery and equipment.
•The Company sold one U.S.-flag bulk carrier, one U.S.-flag offshore tug, 39 inland river dry-cargo barges and other equipment for cash proceeds of $16.5 million.
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•The Company made investments in, and advances to, 50% or less owned companies of $9.0 million including $6.8 million to Rail Ferry Vessel Holdings LLC (“RF Vessel Holdings”), $1.0 million to Golfo de Mexico Rail Ferry Holdings LLC (“Golfo de Mexico”) and $1.2 million to VA&E.
•The Company received repayments on advances of $1.5 million from its 50% or less owned company VA&E.
•The Company received net payments on third-party leases and notes receivables of $0.2 million.
•The Company acquired Helix Media Pte. Ltd., Navigate Response (Asia) Pte. Ltd., Navigate PR Ltd. and Navigate Response Limited (collectively "Navigate"), Weber Marine LLC ("Weber") and certain other equipment from entities controlled by the previous owners of Weber. The aggregate purchase price for the Weber and Navigate acquisitions was $25.9 million, including $12.4 million in cash, net of cash acquired of $1.4 million, a note payable of $9.9 million and $1.8 million in contingent consideration.
During 2019, net cash used in investing activities of continuing operations was $32.6 million primarily as follows:
•Capital expenditures were $37.8 million including the delivery of one U.S.-flag harbor tug and two inland river towboats, the acquisition of real property, upgrades to inland river towboats and the construction of other Inland Services equipment.
•The Company sold one foreign-flag short-sea container/RORO vessel and other equipment for cash proceeds of $2.5 million.
•The Company made investments in, and advances to, 50% or less owned companies of $6.0 million including $4.7 million to RF Vessel Holdings, $0.5 million to Golfo de Mexico, $0.5 million to VA&E and $0.3 million to SCF Bunge Marine.
•The Company received capital distributions of $3.7 million from its 50% or less owned company VA&E.
•The Company received net payments on third-party leases and notes receivables of $1.1 million.
During 2018, net cash provided by investing activities of continuing operations was $80.5 million primarily as follows:
•Capital expenditures were $50.3 million. Equipment deliveries included five U.S.-flag harbor tugs and two foreign-flag short-sea container/RORO vessels.
•The Company sold one U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carrier, one U.S.-flag harbor tug, 32 inland river dry-cargo barges, two inland river specialty barges and other property and equipment for net proceeds of $16.1 million.
•The Company made investments in, and advances to, 50% or less owned companies of $20.6 million including $9.1 million to RF Vessel Holdings, $4.6 million to Golfo de Mexico, $5.4 million to VA&E, $1.0 million to KSM and $0.5 million to SCF Bunge Marine.
•The Company received $9.0 million from its 50% or less owned companies, including $5.4 million from VA&E, $2.6 million from SCFCo and $0.6 million from an industrial aviation business.
•On April 30, 2018, the Company sold its interest in Hawker Pacific for $78.0 million.
•The Company received payments on third-party leases and notes receivables of $0.5 million.
Financing Activities
During 2020, net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $14.7 million. The Company:
•purchased $15.6 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $15.4 million;
•redeemed the remaining $34.5 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $34.5 million;
•purchased $12.9 million in principal amount of its 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $10.9 million;
•made scheduled repayments of $10.0 million under the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility;
•made other scheduled payments on long-term debt of $0.9 million;
•borrowed $20.0 million under the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility;
•received proceeds of $33.7 million from the sale leaseback of three U.S.-flag harbor tugs;
•made payments on other long-term financial liabilities of $0.8 million;
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•acquired 41,600 shares of Common Stock for treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 million;
•acquired 17,730 shares of Common Stock for treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $0.6 million from its employees to cover their tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of equity awards. These shares were purchased in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Share Incentive Plans and not pursuant to the repurchase authorizations granted by SEACOR’s Board of Directors; and
•received $6.2 million from share award plans.
During 2019, net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $155.5 million. The Company:
•purchased $57.2 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $56.2 million;
•borrowed $25.0 million and repaid $25.0 million under the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility and incurred issuance costs of $2.2 million;
•repaid $88.0 million under the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility;
•borrowed $100.0 million under the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility and incurred issuance costs of $2.1 million;
•made other scheduled payments on long-term debt of $0.6 million;
•paid dividends to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries of $5.2 million;
•acquired 3,912 shares of Common Stock for treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $0.1 million;
•acquired 8,338 shares of Common Stock for treasury for an aggregate purchase price of $0.4 million from its employees to cover their tax withholding obligations related to the vesting of equity awards. These shares were purchased in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Share Incentive Plans and not pursuant to the repurchase authorizations granted by SEACOR’s Board of Directors;
•received $6.9 million from share award plans; and
•paid $107.7 million in cash and issued 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock to acquire the remaining interests in SEA-Vista it did not already own.
During 2018, net cash used in financing activities of continuing operations was $224.8 million. The Company:
•purchased $5.7 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $5.9 million. On October 31, 2018, the Company redeemed the remaining $147.4 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $153.0 million including a make-whole premium of $5.6 million;
•purchased $4.9 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $4.7 million;
•repaid $47.7 million under the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility;
•repaid the outstanding balance of $12.2 million under the ISH Term Loan;
•repaid the outstanding balance of $1.4 million of other debt assumed in the ISH acquisition;
•made other scheduled payments on long-term debt of $0.6 million;
•incurred costs of $2.5 million related to the exchange of $117.8 million aggregate principal amount of the Company’s outstanding 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for a like principal amount of new 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes;
•paid dividends to noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries of $5.1 million; and
•received $8.4 million from share award plans.
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Short and Long-Term Liquidity Requirements
The Company anticipates it will continue to generate positive cash flows from operations and that these cash flows will be adequate to meet the Company’s working capital requirements. In support of the Company’s capital expenditure program and debt service requirements, the Company believes that a combination of cash balances on hand, cash generated from operating activities, funding under the Company's revolving credit facilities and access to the credit and capital markets will provide sufficient liquidity to meet its obligations. The Company continually evaluates possible acquisitions and dispositions of certain businesses and assets. The Company’s sources of liquidity may be impacted by the general condition of the markets in which it operates and the broader economy as a whole, which may limit its access to the credit and capital markets on acceptable terms. To date, the COVID-19 pandemic has not had a material impact on the Company's liquidity. Management will continue to closely monitor the Company’s liquidity and the credit and capital markets generally and more specifically as it relates to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
On occasion, the Company and its partners will guarantee certain obligations on behalf of their 50% or less owned companies or former subsidiaries. As of December 31, 2020, the Company guaranteed payments on behalf of SEACOR Marine totaling $7.0 million, under certain sale-leaseback transactions. These guarantees continue to be contingent obligations of the Company because the beneficiary of the guarantees did not release the Company from its obligations in connection with the Spin-off and decline as payments are made by SEACOR Marine on the underlying obligations. The Company earns a fee from SEACOR Marine of 0.5% per annum on the amount of the obligations under these guarantees.
Contractual Obligations and Commercial Commitments
The following table summarizes the Company’s contractual obligations and other commercial commitments and their aggregate maturities as of December 31, 2020 (in thousands):
Payments Due By Period
Total Less than
1 Year 		1-3 Years 3-5 Years After
5 Years
$ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000 $ ’000
Contractual Obligations:
Long-term Debt (including principal and interest)(1)
350,642  20,485  39,300  96,645  194,212 
Capital Purchase Obligations(2)
43,116  38,013  5,103  —  — 
Operating Leases(3)
130,783  42,215  45,673  27,812  15,083 
Purchase Obligations(4)
7,715  7,383  332  —  — 
Other(5)
2,052  1,889  163  —  — 
534,308  109,985  90,571  124,457  209,295 
Other Commercial Commitments:
Letters of Credit 1,140  344  —  175  621 
535,448  110,329  90,571  124,632  209,916 
______________________
(1)Estimated interest payments of the Company’s borrowings are based on contractual terms and maturities. As of December 31, 2020, the holders of the Company’s 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes ($51.6 million outstanding) and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes ($117.8 million outstanding) may require the Company to repurchase the notes on December 19, 2022 and May 15, 2025, respectively. For purposes of this table, the Company has assumed holders of these notes will not exercise this option. See table in “General” above for the Company’s long-term debt principal maturities assuming the holders of the aforementioned convertible notes require the Company to repurchase the notes on those dates.
(2)Capital purchase obligations represent commitments for the purchase of property and equipment. These commitments are not recorded as liabilities on the Company’s consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2020 as the Company has not yet received the goods or taken title to the property.
(3)Operating leases include leases of petroleum and chemical carriers, inland river towboats, harbor tugs, barges, and other property with an initial term in excess of one year.
(4)These commitments are for goods and services to be acquired in the ordinary course of business and are fulfilled by the Company’s vendors within a short period of time.
(5)Other primarily includes contingent consideration arising from business acquisitions.
Debt Securities and Credit Agreements
Information about the Company’s debt securities and credit agreements is included in Part IV “Note 6. Long-Term Debt” of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Effects of Inflation
The Company’s operations expose it to the effects of inflation. In the event that inflation becomes a significant factor in the world economy, inflationary pressures could result in increased operating and financing costs.
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Contingencies
Information about the Company's contingencies is included in Part IV "Note 17. Commitments and Contingencies" of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Related Party Transactions
The Company manages barge pools as part of its Inland Services segment. Pursuant to the pooling agreements, operating revenues and expenses of participating barges are combined and the net results are allocated on a pro-rata basis based on the number of barge days contributed by each participant. Companies controlled by Mr. Fabrikant, the Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of SEACOR, and trusts established for the benefit of Mr. Fabrikant’s children, own barges that participate in the barge pools managed by the Company. Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates were participants in the barge pools prior to the acquisition of SCF Marine Inc. by SEACOR in 2000. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates earned $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of net barge pool results (after payment of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in management fees to the Company). As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company owed Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for undistributed net barge pool results.
Mr. Fabrikant is a director of SEACOR Marine. Prior to 2020, the Company provided certain transition services to SEACOR Marine in connection with the Spin-off and the total amount earned from these transition services during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reached an agreement with SEACOR Marine to allow SEACOR Marine to carryback certain of its tax net operating losses ("NOLs") to tax years in which SEACOR Marine was part of the Company's consolidated tax group. The carrybacks are allowed as a result of the CARES Act. In exchange for allowing SEACOR Marine to carryback its NOLs, SEACOR Marine agreed to: deposit certain of the tax refunds into a controlled deposit account to cash collateralize certain guarantees the Company made on behalf of SEACOR Marine (see Note 6); prepay its sublease with the Company for office space; provide certain representations and warranties to the Company; and pay the Company a fee of $1.0 million, which is included in other, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Critical Accounting Policies
Basis of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SEACOR and its controlled subsidiaries. Control is generally deemed to exist if the Company has greater than 50% of the voting rights of a subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries are included in the consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of equity. The Company reports consolidated net income inclusive of both the Company’s and the noncontrolling interests’ share, as well as the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to each of the Company and the noncontrolling interests. If a subsidiary is deconsolidated upon a change in control, any retained noncontrolled equity investment in the former controlled subsidiary is measured at fair value and a gain or loss is recognized in net income based on such fair value. If a subsidiary is consolidated upon a change in control, any previous noncontrolled equity investment in the subsidiary is measured at fair value and a gain or loss is recognized based on such fair value.
The Company employs the equity method of accounting for investments in 50% or less owned companies that it does not control but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the business venture. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights of a business venture but may exist when the Company’s ownership percentage is less than 20%. In certain circumstances, the Company may have an economic interest in excess of 50% but may not control and consolidate the business venture. Conversely, the Company may have an economic interest less than 50% but may control and consolidate the business venture. The Company reports its investments in and advances to these business ventures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as investments, at equity, and advances to 50% or less owned companies. The Company reports its share of earnings or losses from investments in 50% or less owned companies in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as equity in earnings (losses) of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax.
The Company employs the cost method of accounting for investments in 50% or less owned companies it does not control or exercise significant influence. These investments in private companies are carried at cost and are adjusted only for capital distributions and other-than-temporary declines in fair value.

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Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include those related to allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment, impairments, income tax provisions and certain accrued liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences may be material.
Revenue Recognition. The Company earns revenues from contracts with customers and from lease contracts.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company transfers promised goods or services to its customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, which occurs when (or as) the Company satisfies its contractual obligations and transfers control of the promised goods or services to its customers. Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract are expensed as incurred.
Ocean Services' revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from voyage charters, contracts of affreightment, tariff based port and infrastructure services, unit freight logistics services, and technical ship management agreements with vessel owners. Ocean Services transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Voyage charters are contracts to carry cargoes on a single voyage basis for a predetermined price, regardless of time to complete. Contracts of affreightment are contracts for cargoes that are committed on a multi-voyage basis for various periods of time, with minimum and maximum cargo tonnages specified over the period at a fixed or escalating rate per ton. Tariff based port and infrastructure services typically include operating harbor tugs alongside oceangoing vessels to escort them to their berth, assisting with the docking and undocking of these oceangoing vessels and escorting them back out to sea. They are contracted using prevailing port tariff terms on a per-use basis. In the unit freight logistics trade, transportation services typically include transporting shipping containers, rail cars, project cargoes, automobiles and U.S. military vehicles and are generally contracted on a per unit basis for the specified cargo and destination, typically in accordance with a publicly available tariff rate or based on a negotiated rate when moving larger volumes over an extended period. Managed services include technical ship and crew management agreements whereby Ocean Services provides technical ship and crew management services to third-party customers for a predetermined price over a specified period of time, typically a year or more.
Inland Services' revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from contracts of affreightment, terminal operations, fleeting operations and repair and maintenance services. Inland Services transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Contracts of affreightment are contracts whereby customers are charged an established rate per ton to transport cargo from point-to-point. Terminal operations includes tank farms and dry bulk and container handling facilities that are marketed under contractual rates and terms driven by throughput volume. Fleeting operations includes fleeting services whereby barges are held in fleeting areas for an agreed-upon day rate and shifting services whereby harbor boats are used to pick up and drop off barges to assist in assembling tows and to move barges to and from the dock for loading and unloading at predetermined per-shift fees. Other operations primarily include a machine shop specializing in towboat and barge cleaning, repair and maintenance services that are charged on an hourly or a fixed fee basis depending on the scope and nature of the work.
Witt O’Brien’s revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from time and material and retainer contracts. Witt O’Brien’s transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Time and material contracts primarily relate to emergency response, debris management or consulting services that Witt O’Brien’s performs for a predetermined fee. Retainer contracts, which are nearly all with vessel services operators and oil companies, are contracted based on agreed-upon rates.
The Company’s Other business segment includes Cleancor, which primarily earns revenues from the sale of liquefied natural gas. Under these arrangements, control of the goods are transferred to the customer and performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, and therefore revenue is recognized upon delivery while any related costs are expensed as incurred.
Lease Revenues. The Company’s lease revenues are primarily from time charters, bareboat charters and non-vessel rental agreements that are recognized ratably over the lease term as services are provided, typically on a per day basis. Under a time charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer for a set term and is responsible for all operating expenses, typically excluding fuel. Under a bareboat charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer for a set term and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and risks of operation. Under a non-vessel rental agreement, the Company provides non-vessel property or equipment to a customer for a set term and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and risks of operation.

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Marketable Securities. Marketable equity securities and debt securities with readily determinable fair values are reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as marketable securities. These investments are stated at fair value, as determined by their market observable prices, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as marketable security gains (losses), net. Short sales of marketable securities are stated at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets with both realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as marketable security gains (losses), net. Long and short marketable security positions are primarily in energy, marine, transportation and other related businesses. Marketable securities are classified as trading securities for financial reporting purposes with gains and losses reported as operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.
Trade Receivables. Customers of Ocean Services are primarily multinational oil companies, refining companies, oil trading companies, major gasoline retailers, large industrial consumers of crude, petroleum and chemicals, trading houses, pools, major automobile manufacturers and shippers, the U.S. Government and regional power utilities. Customers of Inland Services are primarily major agricultural companies, fertilizer companies, trading companies and industrial companies. Customers of Witt O’Brien’s are primarily governments, energy companies, ship managers and owners, healthcare providers, universities and school systems. Customers of the Company’s other business activities primarily include agricultural and feed companies, asphalt producers and municipalities and government agencies. All customers are granted credit on a short-term basis and related credit risks are considered minimal. The Company routinely reviews its trade receivables and makes provisions for probable doubtful accounts; however, those provisions are estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences may be material. Trade receivables are deemed uncollectible and removed from accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts when collection efforts have been exhausted.
Property and Equipment. Equipment, stated at cost, is depreciated using the straight line method over the estimated useful life of the asset to an estimated salvage value. With respect to each class of asset, the estimated useful life is typically based upon a newly built asset being placed into service and represents the point at which it is typically not justifiable for the Company to continue to operate the asset in the same or similar manner. From time to time, the Company may acquire older assets that have already exceeded their useful life as set forth in the Company’s useful life policy, in which case the Company depreciates such assets based on its best estimate of remaining useful life, typically the next survey or certification date.
As of December 31, 2020, the estimated useful life (in years) of each of the Company’s major classes of new equipment was as follows:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag 25
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 25
Harbor and offshore tugs 25
Ocean liquid tank barges 25
Short-sea container/RORO(1) vessels
20
Inland river dry-cargo and specialty barges 20
Inland river liquid tank barges 25
Inland river towboats and harbor boats 25
Terminal and fleeting facilities 20
______________________
(1)Roll On/Roll Off.
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company performs an impairment analysis of long-lived assets used in operations, including intangible assets, when indicators of impairment are present. These indicators may include a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset or asset group, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset or asset group is being used or in its physical condition, or a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset or asset group. If the carrying values of the assets are not recoverable, as determined by the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the estimated fair value of the assets or asset groups are compared to their current carrying values and impairment charges are recorded if the carrying value exceeds fair value. The Company performs its testing on an asset or asset group basis. Generally, fair value is determined using valuation techniques, such as expected discounted cash flows or appraisals, as appropriate.
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Impairment of 50% or Less Owned Companies. Investments in 50% or less owned companies are reviewed periodically to assess whether there is an other-than-temporary decline in the carrying value of the investment. In its evaluation, the Company considers, among other items, recent and expected financial performance and returns, impairments recorded by the investee and the capital structure of the investee. When the Company determines the estimated fair value of an investment is below carrying value and the decline is other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value. Actual results may vary from the Company’s estimates due to the uncertainty regarding projected financial performance, the severity and expected duration of declines in value, and the available liquidity in the capital markets to support the continuing operations of the investee, among other factors. Although the Company believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable, the investee’s actual performance compared with the estimates could produce different results and lead to additional impairment charges in future periods.
Business Combinations. The Company recognizes 100% of the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity. Shares issued in consideration for a business combination, contingent consideration arrangements and pre-acquisition loss and gain contingencies are all measured and recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. Subsequent changes to fair value of contingent consideration arrangements are generally reflected in earnings. Any in-process research and development assets acquired are capitalized as are certain acquisition-related restructuring costs if the criteria related to exit or disposal cost obligations are met as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related transaction costs are expensed as incurred and any changes in income tax valuation allowances and tax uncertainty accruals are recorded as an adjustment to income tax expense (benefit). The operating results of entities acquired are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition.
Self-insurance Liabilities. The Company maintains hull, liability and war risk, general liability, workers compensation and other insurance customary in the industries in which it operates. Certain excess and property insurance policies are obtained through SEACOR sponsored programs, with premiums charged to participating businesses based on management’s risk assessment or insured asset values. The marine hull and liability policies have significant annual aggregate deductibles that are accrued based on actual claims incurred. The Company also maintains self-insured health benefit plans for its participating employees. Exposure to the health benefit plans are limited by maintaining stop-loss and aggregate liability coverage. To the extent that estimated self-insurance losses, including the accrual of annual aggregate deductibles, differ from actual losses realized, the Company’s insurance reserves could differ significantly and may result in either higher or lower insurance expense in future periods.
Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities have been provided in recognition of the income tax effect attributable to the book and tax basis differences of assets and liabilities reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are provided using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which they are expected to be settled or realized. Interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions are recognized in interest expense and administrative and general, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company records any liability associated with global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) in the period it is incurred.
In the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to challenges from tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges may alter the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions. As part of the calculation of income tax expense (benefit), the Company determines whether the benefits of its tax positions are at least more likely than not of being sustained based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained, the Company accrues the largest amount of the tax benefit that is more likely than not of being sustained. Such accruals require management to make estimates and judgments with respect to the ultimate outcome of its tax benefits and actual results could vary materially from these estimates.
Critical Accounting Estimates
Goodwill. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. As of December 31, 2020, substantially all of the Company’s goodwill is related to Witt O’Brien’s. The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill on October 1 of each year and further periodic tests to the extent indicators of impairment develop between annual impairment tests. The Company’s impairment review process compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including the goodwill, related to the reporting unit. To determine the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company may use various approaches including an asset or cost approach, market approach or income approach or any combination thereof. These approaches may require the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions including projections of future cash flows, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are reviewed each time the Company tests goodwill for impairment and are typically developed as part of the Company’s routine business planning and forecasting process. Although the Company believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable, the Company’s actual performance against its estimates could produce different results and lead to impairment charges in future periods.
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ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As of December 31, 2020, a subsidiary of the Company whose functional currency is the Colombian peso had intercompany capital lease obligations of $20.1 million (68.9 billion Colombian pesos). A 10% weakening in the exchange rate of the Colombian peso against the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2020 would result in foreign currency losses of $1.6 million, net of tax.
The Company has foreign currency exchange risks related to its barge operations conducted on rivers located in Colombia where its functional currencies are the Colombian peso. Net consolidated assets of 13.0 billion Colombian pesos ($3.8 million) are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020. A 10% strengthening in the exchange rate of the Colombian peso against the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2020, would increase other comprehensive loss by $0.3 million, net of tax, due to translation.
The Company has foreign currency exchange risks related to its crisis communications company located in the U.K.and Singapore where its functional currencies are the Pound sterling and Singapore dollar, respectively. Net consolidated assets of £1.6 million ($2.2 million) and S$1.9 million ($1.4 million), respectively are included in the Company’s consolidated balance sheets as of December 31, 2020. A 10% strengthening in the exchange rate of the Pound sterling and the Singapore dollar against the U.S. dollar as of December 31, 2020, would increase other comprehensive income by $0.1 million and $0.1 million, net of tax, respectively, due to translation.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company held marketable securities with a fair value of $7.6 million consisting of equity securities. A 10% decline in the value of the Company’s investments in marketable securities as of December 31, 2020 would result in marketable securities losses of $0.6 million, net of tax.
The Company’s outstanding debt is primarily in fixed interest rate instruments. Although the fair value of these debt instruments will vary with changes in interest rates, the Company’s operations are not significantly affected by interest rate fluctuations. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had variable rate debt instruments (due 2023 through 2024) totaling $110.5 million that calls for the Company to pay interest based on LIBOR plus applicable margins. The interest rates reset either monthly or quarterly. As of December 31, 2020, the average interest rate on these variable rate borrowings was 2.2%.
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
The consolidated financial statements and related notes are included in Part IV of this Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
With the participation of the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer, management evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)), as of December 31, 2020. Based on their evaluation, the Company’s principal executive officer and principal financial officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of December 31, 2020.
The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures have been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or furnishes under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the Securities and Exchange Commission’s rules and forms. Disclosure controls and procedures include, without limitation, controls and procedures designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosures. All internal control systems, no matter how well designed, have inherent limitations. Therefore, even those internal control systems determined to be effective can provide only a level of reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation and presentation.
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Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
Management of the Company is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rule 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Exchange Act). The Company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (i) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the Company; (ii) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States, and that receipts and expenditures of the Company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the Company; and (iii) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the Company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Internal control over financial reporting is designed to provide reasonable assurance to the Company’s management and board of directors regarding the preparation of reliable financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States. Because of the inherent limitations in any internal control system, no matter how well designed, misstatements may occur and not be prevented or detected. Accordingly, even effective internal control over financial reporting can provide only reasonable assurance with respect to financial statement preparation.
Management conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s system of internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 based on the updated framework set forth in “Internal Control-Integrated Framework” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (2013 framework). Based on its evaluation, management concluded that, as of December 31, 2020, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting was effective based on the specified criteria.
The effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020 has been audited by the Company’s independent auditor, Grant Thornton LLP, a registered certified public accounting firm, and its attestation report thereon is included in Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K and incorporated herein by reference. Grant Thornton LLP also audited the Company’s consolidated financial statements, as stated in its report accompanying the consolidated financial statements included in Part IV of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15 and 15d-15 under the Exchange Act) that occurred during the three months ended December 31, 2020 that have materially affected, or were reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION
None.
PART III
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
The information required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 10 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Company’s last fiscal year.
NYSE Annual Certification. The Chief Executive Officer of the Company has previously submitted to the NYSE the annual certification required by Section 303A.12(a) of the NYSE Listed Company Manual and there were no qualifications to such certification. SEACOR Holdings Inc. has filed the certifications of its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer required by Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 with the SEC as exhibits to this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The information required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 11 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference to the “Compensation Disclosure and Analysis” and “Information Relating to the Board of Directors and Committees Thereof” portions of the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Company’s last fiscal year.
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ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDERS MATTERS
The information required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 12 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference to the “Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management” portion of the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Company’s last fiscal year.
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS, AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
The information required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 13 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference to the “Certain Relationships and Related Transactions” portion of the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Company’s last fiscal year.
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
The information required to be disclosed pursuant to this Item 14 is incorporated in its entirety herein by reference to the “Ratification or Appointment of Independent Auditors” portion of the Company’s definitive proxy statement to be filed with the Commission pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after the end of the Company’s last fiscal year.
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PART IV
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND
FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE
Page
SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
AUDITED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
67
68
Consolidated Financial Statements:
70
71
72
73
74
75
Financial Statement Schedule:
116
TRAILER BRIDGE, INC.
121
Except for the Financial Statement Schedule set forth above, all other required schedules have been omitted since the information is either included in the consolidated financial statements, not applicable or not required.
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
SEACOR Holdings Inc.
Opinion on internal control over financial reporting
We have audited the internal control over financial reporting of SEACOR Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (“COSO”). In our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by COSO.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the consolidated financial statements of the Company as of and for the year ended December 31, 2020, and our report dated February 25, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion on those financial statements.
Basis for opinion
The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s report. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Definition and limitations of internal control over financial reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.


/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
February 25, 2021
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

The Board of Directors and Stockholders
SEACOR Holdings Inc.

Opinion on the financial statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of SEACOR Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, and subsidiaries (the “Company”) as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related consolidated statements of income, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes and financial statement schedule included under Item 15(a) (collectively referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
We did not audit the financial statements of Trailer Bridge, Inc., a joint venture, the investment in which is accounted for by the equity method of accounting. The investment in Trailer Bridge, Inc. was $54,739,661 and $56,770,417, respectively, of consolidated total assets as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the equity in its net income/(loss) for each of the three years ended December 31, 2020 which was $(1,604,298), $321,428 and $7,141,529, respectively, of consolidated net income. Those statements were audited by other auditors whose report has been furnished to us, and our opinion, insofar as it relates to the amounts included for Trailer Bridge, Inc., is based solely on the report of other auditors.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”), the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2020, based on criteria established in the 2013 Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission, and our report dated February 25, 2021 expressed an unqualified opinion.
Basis for opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the PCAOB and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits and the report of the other auditors provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical audit matters
The critical audit matters communicated below are matters arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that were communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relate to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of critical audit matters does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matters below, providing separate opinion on the critical audit matters or on the accounts or disclosures to which they relate.
Investment in 50% or less owned company
As described in Notes 1 and 4 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has an investment in a 50% or less owned company in the amount of approximately $29 million. This investment is reviewed at least quarterly by the Company to assess whether there is an other-than-temporary decline in the carrying value of the investment. The Company considers financial performance and returns as well as the value of underlying collateral in determining the estimated fair value of the investment. We identified that the recoverability of one investment included within investments in 50% or less owned companies as a critical audit matter.
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The principal considerations for our determination that this investment being recoverable was a critical audit matter is that the company is located in a foreign jurisdiction and has had significant losses in the current period and prior periods. The determination of recoverability of the investment requires management to utilize subjective assumptions to estimate the fair value of the investment. This estimation process required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort, including the need to involve valuation specialists.
Our audit procedures related to this investment being recoverable included the following, among others. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls relating to management’s impairment assessment process. We reviewed the impairment analysis prepared by management. We involved valuation professionals with the specialized skills and knowledge to review the valuation models used by management as well as key assumptions.
Certain Vessel Impairment Assessments
As described in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company has a vessel included in property and equipment in the amount of approximately $90 million. This vessel is reviewed at least quarterly by the Company for impairment assessment. The Company considers historical and projected financial performance and returns as well as information from the industry. We identified the impairment assessment of this vessel within property and equipment as a critical audit matter.
The principal considerations for our determination that the impairment assessment of this vessel was a critical audit matter is that it has had more than normal or anticipated repairs and has had lower than anticipated charter rates and utilization over the past year. The impairment assessment of the vessel requires management to utilize subjective assumptions to estimate the undiscounted cash flows of the vessel. This estimation process required a high degree of auditor judgment and an increased extent of effort.
Our audit procedures related to the impairment assessment of this vessel included the following, among others. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of key controls relating to management’s impairment assessment process. We reviewed undiscounted cash flow forecasts prepared by management and tested the key assumptions utilized.


/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2017.
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
February 25, 2021
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(in thousands, except share data)
  December 31,
  2020 2019
ASSETS
Current Assets:
Cash and cash equivalents $ 65,703  $ 77,222 
Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents 1,119  1,222 
Marketable securities 7,597  7,936 
Receivables:
Trade, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $6,060 and $2,871 in 2020 and 2019, respectively
246,911  194,022 
Other 71,453  38,881 
Inventories 2,933  5,255 
Prepaid expenses and other 8,615  6,971 
Total current assets 404,331  331,509 
Property and Equipment:
Historical cost 1,441,871  1,442,382 
Accumulated depreciation (647,679) (624,024)
Net property and equipment 794,192  818,358 
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets 117,097  144,539 
Investments, at Equity, and Advances to 50% or Less Owned Companies 155,399  157,108 
Goodwill 32,677  32,701 
Intangible Assets, Net 20,123  20,996 
Other Assets 8,285  7,761 
$ 1,532,104  $ 1,512,972 
LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
Current Liabilities:
Current portion of long-term debt $ 12,839  $ 58,854 
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities 37,599  36,011 
Current portion of other long-term financial liabilities 1,491  — 
Accounts payable and accrued expenses 55,816  57,595 
Accrued wages and benefits 24,076  20,730 
Accrued interest 861  1,030 
Accrued income taxes 792  — 
Accrued capital, repair and maintenance expenditures 1,051  3,213 
Other current liabilities 47,829  32,528 
Total current liabilities 182,354  209,961 
Long-Term Debt 264,205  255,612 
Long-Term Operating Lease Liabilities 79,419  108,295 
Other Long-Term Financial Liabilities 31,324  — 
Deferred Income Taxes 110,915  105,661 
Deferred Gains and Other Liabilities 18,470  20,929 
Total liabilities 686,687  700,458 
Equity:
SEACOR Holdings Inc. stockholders’ equity:
Preferred stock, $0.01 par value, 10,000,000 shares authorized; none issued nor outstanding
—  — 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 60,000,000 shares authorized; 41,113,746 and 40,819,892 shares issued in 2020 and 2019, respectively
411  408 
Additional paid-in capital 1,671,869  1,661,002 
Retained earnings 540,417  517,106 
Shares held in treasury of 20,640,893 and 20,643,724 in 2020 and 2019, respectively, at cost
(1,365,938) (1,365,792)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss, net of tax (2,148) (998)
844,611  811,726 
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries 806  788 
Total equity 845,417  812,514 
$ 1,532,104  $ 1,512,972 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction herewith.
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(in thousands, except share data)
For the years ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Operating Revenues $ 753,826  $ 799,966  $ 835,750 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 548,040  583,332  591,848 
Administrative and general 113,313  105,818  102,907 
Depreciation and amortization 70,553  68,571  74,579 
731,906  757,721  769,334 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 10,735  2,910  19,583 
Operating Income 32,655  45,155  85,999 
Other Income (Expense):
Interest income 6,193  7,471  8,730 
Interest expense (15,949) (19,233) (31,683)
Debt extinguishment gains (losses), net 1,348  (2,244) (11,626)
Marketable security gains (losses), net (567) 18,394  (12,431)
Foreign currency losses, net (382) (312) (2,264)
Other, net 3,094  (134) 54,964 
(6,263) 3,942  5,690 
Income Before Income Tax Expense (Benefit) and Equity in Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies 26,392  49,097  91,689 
Income Tax Expense (Benefit):
Current 19,275  1,660  23,928 
Deferred (26,397) 8,169  (15,513)
(7,122) 9,829  8,415 
Income Before Equity Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies 33,514  39,268  83,274 
Equity in Losses of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (10,183) (5,250) (72)
Net Income 23,331  34,018  83,202 
Net Income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries 20  7,244  25,054 
Net Income attributable to SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 23,311  $ 26,774  $ 58,148 
Basic Earnings Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 1.17  $ 1.41  $ 3.22 
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 1.16  $ 1.38  $ 3.04 
Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding:
Basic 19,992,375  18,949,981  18,080,778 
Diluted 21,106,745  20,306,332  19,575,689 











The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction herewith.
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(in thousands)
For the years ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Net Income $ 23,331  $ 34,018  $ 83,202 
Other Comprehensive Loss:
Foreign currency translation losses, net (194) (83) (406)
Reclassification of foreign currency translation losses to foreign currency gains (losses), net —  —  15 
Derivative gains (losses) on cash flow hedges (957) 67  — 
(1,151) (16) (391)
Income tax (expense) benefit 1  (68) 22 
(1,150) (84) (369)
Comprehensive Income 22,181  33,934  82,833 
Comprehensive Income attributable to Noncontrolling Interests in Subsidiaries 20  7,244  25,054 
Comprehensive Income attributable to SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 22,161  $ 26,690  $ 57,779 






































The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction herewith.
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(in thousands)
SEACOR Holdings Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Common
Stock 		Additional
Paid-in
Capital 		Retained
Earnings 		Treasury
Stock 		Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Loss 		Non -
controlling
Interests in
Subsidiaries 		Total
Equity
Year Ended December 31, 2017 $ 387  $ 1,573,013  $ 419,128  $ (1,368,300) $ (545) $ 129,678  $ 753,361 
Impact of adoption of accounting principle —  —  (2,467) —  —  —  (2,467)
December 31, 2017, As adjusted 387  1,573,013  416,661  (1,368,300) (545) 129,678  750,894 
Issuance of common stock:
Employee Stock Purchase Plan —  —  —  1,527  —  —  1,527 
Exercise of stock options 2  6,881  —  —  —  —  6,883 
Director stock awards —  140  —  —  —  —  140 
Restricted stock 1  (1) —  —  —  —  — 
Exercise of conversion option in convertible debt —  12,735  —  —  —  —  12,735 
Purchase of conversion option in convertible debt, net of tax —  (33) —  —  —  —  (33)
Amortization of share awards —  3,907  —  —  —  —  3,907 
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests, net of tax —  —  —  —  —  (29) (29)
Acquisition of a subsidiary with noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  96  96 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  (5,111) (5,111)
Net Income —  —  58,148  —  —  25,054  83,202 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (369) —  (369)
Year Ended December 31, 2018 390  1,596,642  474,809  (1,366,773) (914) 149,688  853,842 
Impact of adoption of accounting principle —  —  15,523  —  —  9,836  25,359 
December 31, 2018, As adjusted 390  1,596,642  490,332  (1,366,773) (914) 159,524  879,201 
Issuance of common stock:
Employee Stock Purchase Plan —  —  —  1,695  —  —  1,695 
Exercise of stock options 1  5,243  —  —  —  —  5,244 
Director stock awards —  97  —  —  —  —  97 
Restricted stock 2  (2) —  —  —  —  — 
Purchase of conversion option in convertible debt, net of tax —  (115) —  —  —  —  (115)
Purchase of treasury shares —  —  —  (525) —  —  (525)
Amortization of share awards —  5,134  —  —  —  —  5,134 
Cancellation of restricted stock —  189  —  (189) —  —  — 
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests, net of tax 15  53,814  —  —  —  (160,818) (106,989)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  (5,162) (5,162)
Net Income —  —  26,774  —  —  7,244  34,018 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (84) —  (84)
Year Ended December 31, 2019 408  1,661,002  517,106  (1,365,792) (998) 788  812,514 
Issuance of common stock:
Employee Stock Purchase Plan —  —  —  1,815  —  —  1,815 
Exercise of stock options 1  4,431  —  —  —  —  4,432 
Director stock awards —  72  —  —  —  —  72 
Restricted stock 2  (2) —  —  —  —  — 
Purchase of treasury shares —  —  —  (1,961) —  —  (1,961)
Amortization of share awards —  6,366  —  —  —  —  6,366 
Distributions to noncontrolling interests —  —  —  —  —  (2) (2)
Net Income —  —  23,311  —  —  20  23,331 
Other comprehensive loss —  —  —  —  (1,150) —  (1,150)
Year Ended December 31, 2020 $ 411  $ 1,671,869  $ 540,417  $ (1,365,938) $ (2,148) $ 806  $ 845,417 

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction herewith.
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
For the years ended December 31,
2020 2019 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income $ 23,331  $ 34,018  $ 83,202 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation and amortization 70,553  68,571  74,579 
Amortization of operating lease right-of-use assets 44,732  42,863  — 
Amortization of deferred gains on sale leaseback transactions —  —  (12,774)
Debt discount and issuance cost amortization, net 5,126  6,484  7,829 
Amortization of share awards 6,366  5,134  3,907 
Director stock awards 72  97  140 
Bad debt expense 5,261  2,322  2,067 
Gains on asset dispositions and impairments, net (10,735) (2,910) (19,583)
Debt extinguishment (gains) losses, net (1,348) 2,244  11,626 
Marketable security (gains) losses, net 567  (18,394) 12,431 
Purchases of marketable securities (228) (5,752) — 
Proceeds from sale of marketable securities —  46,526  14 
Foreign currency losses, net 382  312  2,264 
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) (26,397) 8,169  (15,513)
Equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax 10,183  5,250  72 
Dividends received from 50% or less owned companies 2,103  100  5,907 
Other, net —  —  (53,902)
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
Increase in receivables (62,579) (30,686) (63,764)
Increase in prepaid expenses and other assets (4,013) (6,698) (1,577)
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued expenses and other liabilities (25,793) (38,377) 12,503 
Net cash provided by operating activities 37,583  119,273  49,428 
Cash Flows from Investing Activities:
Purchases of property and equipment (31,525) (37,786) (50,272)
Proceeds from disposition of property and equipment 16,509  2,452  16,100 
Investments in and advances to 50% or less owned companies (8,968) (5,960) (20,586)
Return of investments and advances from 50% or less owned companies 1,536  3,677  8,988 
Proceeds on sale of 50% or less owned companies —  —  78,015 
Payments received on third party leases and notes receivable, net 238  1,141  506 
Withdrawals from construction reserve funds —  3,908  47,431 
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired (12,416) —  310 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (34,626) (32,568) 80,492 
Cash Flows from Financing Activities:
Payments on long-term debt (71,786) (169,625) (225,541)
Proceeds from issuance of long-term debt, net of issue costs 20,000  120,740  (2,495)
Purchase of conversion option in convertible debt —  (146) (33)
Proceeds from other long-term financial liabilities 33,662  —  — 
Payments of other long-term financial liabilities (847) —  — 
Common stock acquired for treasury (1,961) (525) — 
Proceeds from share award plans 6,247  6,939  8,410 
Purchase of subsidiary shares from noncontrolling interests —  (107,692) (29)
Distributions to noncontrolling interests (2) (5,162) (5,111)
Net cash used in financing activities (14,687) (155,471) (224,799)
Effects of Exchange Rate Changes on Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents 108  (2) (137)
Net Decrease in Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents (11,622) (68,768) (95,016)
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, Beginning of Year 78,444  147,212  242,228 
Cash, Cash Equivalents, Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, End of Year 66,822  78,444  147,212 
Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents, End of Year 1,119  1,222  2,991 
Cash and Cash Equivalents, End of Year $ 65,703  $ 77,222  $ 144,221 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements
and should be read in conjunction herewith.
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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Nature of Operations and Segmentation. SEACOR Holdings Inc. (“SEACOR”) and its subsidiaries (collectively referred to as the “Company”) are a diversified holding company with interests in domestic and international transportation and logistics, risk management consultancy and other businesses. Accounting standards require public business enterprises to report information about each of their operating business segments that exceed certain quantitative thresholds or meet certain other reporting requirements. Operating business segments have been defined as a component of an enterprise about which separate financial information is available and is evaluated regularly by the chief operating decision maker in deciding how to allocate resources and in assessing performance. The Company has identified the following reporting segments:
Ocean Transportation & Logistics Services (“Ocean Services”). Ocean Services owns and operates a diversified fleet of bulk transportation, port and infrastructure, and logistics assets, including U.S. coastwise eligible vessels and vessels trading internationally. Ocean Services owns and operates U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers servicing the U.S. coastwise crude oil, petroleum products and chemical trades. Ocean Services’ dry bulk vessels operate in the U.S. coastwise trade. Ocean Services’ port and infrastructure services includes assisting deep-sea vessels docking in U.S. Gulf and East Coast ports, providing ocean towing services between U.S. ports, providing oil terminal support and bunkering operations in St. Eustatius and the Bahamas and providing vessel husbandry services to the U.S. military. Ocean Services’ logistics assets and services include U.S.-flag Pure Car/Truck Carriers (“PCTCs”) operating globally under the U.S. Maritime Security Program (“MSP”) and liner, short-sea, rail car and project cargo transportation and logistics solutions to and from ports in the Southeastern United States, the Caribbean (including Puerto Rico), the Bahamas and Mexico, as well as ‘door-to-door’ solutions for certain customers. Ocean Services also provides technical ship management services for third-party vessel owners. Ocean Services contributed 51%, 53% and 50% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2020, one Ocean Services customer (U.S. Federal Government) accounted for $76.6 million, or 10%, of the Company's consolidated operating revenues.
Inland Transportation & Logistics Services (“Inland Services”). Inland Services provides customer supply chain solutions with its domestic river transportation equipment, fleeting services and high-speed multi-modal terminal locations adjacent to and along the U.S. Inland Waterways, primarily in the St. Louis, Memphis, Baton Rouge and New Orleans areas. Inland Services operates under the SCF name. SCF’s barges are primarily used for moving agricultural and industrial commodities and containers on the U.S. Inland Waterways, including the Mississippi River, Illinois River, Tennessee River, Ohio River and their tributaries and the Gulf Intracoastal Waterways. Internationally, Inland Services owns inland river liquid tank barges that operate on the Magdalena River in Colombia. These barges primarily transport petroleum products with the ability to move agricultural and industrial commodities and containers. Inland Services also has a 50% noncontrolling interest in dry-cargo barge operations on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway in Brazil, Bolivia, Paraguay, Argentina and Uruguay primarily transporting agricultural and industrial commodities, a 63% noncontrolling interest in towboat operations on the U.S. Inland Waterways and a 50% noncontrolling interest in grain terminals/elevators in the Midwest and/or along the U.S. Inland Waterways. Inland Services contributed 36%, 33% and 34% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Witt O’Brien’s. Witt O’Brien’s provides crisis and emergency management services for both the public and private sectors. These services strengthen clients’ resilience and assist their response to natural and man-made disasters by enhancing their ability to prepare for, respond to and recover from such disasters, while mitigating the impact of future disruptions on operations and helping communities build back stronger. Witt O’Brien’s contributed 12%, 13% and 16% of the Company's consolidated operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Other. The Company’s Other business segment includes CLEANCOR Energy Solutions LLC (“Cleancor”), a full service provider that designs, develops and maintains alternative energy and power solutions for end users looking to displace legacy petroleum-based fuels and adopt energy supplies that have a favorable environmental footprint. Cleancor provides liquefied natural gas (“LNG”) and compressed natural gas (“CNG”) fuel supply and logistics to commercial, industrial, agricultural and transportation customers and provides natural gas during pipeline supply interruptions due to planned maintenance or other curtailments (see Note 2). Other also has activities that primarily include noncontrolling investments in various other businesses, primarily sales, storage, and maintenance support for general aviation in Asia and an agricultural commodity trading and logistics business that is primarily focused on the global origination, and trading and merchandising of sugar and other commodities.
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Merger Agreement. On December 4, 2020, SEACOR entered into a definitive merger agreement (the “Merger Agreement”) with an affiliate of American Industrial Partners to acquire the Company in a take-private transaction. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, which was entered into among Safari Parent, Inc. (“Parent”), Safari Merger Subsidiary, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of Parent (“Merger Sub”), and SEACOR, on December 18, 2020, Merger Sub commenced a tender offer (the “Offer”) to acquire all (subject to limited exceptions) of the issued and outstanding shares of SEACOR’s common stock, par value $0.01 per share (“Common Stock”) at a price of $41.50 per share (the “Offer Price”). The obligation of Merger Sub to consummate the Offer is subject to the satisfaction or waiver of customary conditions, including that at least 66 2/3% of the total number of shares of SEACOR’s Common Stock outstanding at the expiration of the Offer have been validly tendered and not validly withdrawn prior to the expiration of the Offer (the “Minimum Tender Condition”). Under the terms of the Merger Agreement and assuming all conditions to the consummation of the Offer have been met, following the consummation of the Offer, Merger Sub will merge with and into SEACOR pursuant to Section 251(h) of the Delaware General Corporation Law, with SEACOR being the surviving corporation (the “Merger”).
The Offer was initially scheduled to expire one minute after 11:59 p.m., Eastern Time, on January 21, 2021. At the initial scheduled expiration time of the Offer, the Minimum Tender Condition was not satisfied. Under the terms of the Merger Agreement, if on or prior to any then-scheduled expiration date of the Offer any of the conditions to the Offer (including the Minimum Tender Condition) have not been satisfied or waived, Merger Sub is required to extend the Offer for additional periods of up to ten business days per extension to permit such condition to be satisfied, until the earlier of (i) the termination of the Merger Agreement in accordance with its terms or (ii) April 5, 2021 (the “End Date”). Since the initial expiration date of the Offer, Merger Sub has successively extended the expiration date on a number of occasions to allow additional time to meet the Minimum Tender Condition, but such condition has not yet been satisfied. The Offer was last extended to 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on February 26, 2021.
Basis of Consolidation. The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of SEACOR and its controlled subsidiaries. Control is generally deemed to exist if the Company has greater than 50% of the voting rights of a subsidiary. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions are eliminated in consolidation.
Noncontrolling interests in consolidated subsidiaries are included in the consolidated balance sheets as a separate component of equity. The Company reports consolidated net income inclusive of both the Company’s and the noncontrolling interests’ share, as well as the amounts of consolidated net income attributable to each of the Company and the noncontrolling interests. If a subsidiary is deconsolidated upon a change in control, any retained noncontrolled equity investment in the former controlled subsidiary is measured at fair value and a gain or loss is recognized in net income based on such fair value. If a subsidiary is consolidated upon a change in control, any previous noncontrolled equity investment in the subsidiary is measured at fair value and a gain or loss is recognized based on such fair value.
The Company employs the equity method of accounting for investments in 50% or less owned companies that it does not control but has the ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the business venture. Significant influence is generally deemed to exist if the Company has between 20% and 50% of the voting rights of a business venture but may exist when the Company’s ownership percentage is less than 20%. In certain circumstances, the Company may have an economic interest in excess of 50% but may not control and consolidate the business venture. Conversely, the Company may have an economic interest less than 50% but may control and consolidate the business venture. The Company reports its investments in and advances to these business ventures in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as investments, at equity, and advances to 50% or less owned companies. The Company reports its share of earnings or losses from investments in 50% or less owned companies in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax.
The Company employs the cost method of accounting for investments in 50% or less owned companies it does not control or exercise significant influence. These investments in private companies are carried at cost and are adjusted only for capital distributions and other-than-temporary declines in fair value.
Acquisition of Noncontrolling Interest. On August 2, 2019, the Company, through certain subsidiaries, became the sole owner of the SEA-Vista joint venture by acquiring the 49% interest (the “Remaining SEA-Vista Interest”) that had been owned by ACP III Tankers, LLC (the "Seller"), an affiliate of Avista Capital Partners. As consideration for the Remaining SEA-Vista Interest, SEACOR issued 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock to the Seller (the "Consideration Shares") and the Company paid $107.7 million in cash, inclusive of expenses related to the transaction (see Notes 12 and 13).
Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Such estimates include those related to allowance for doubtful accounts, useful lives of property and equipment, impairments, income tax provisions and certain accrued liabilities. Actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences may be material.
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Adoption of New Accounting Standards. On January 1, 2019, the Company adopted Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Topic 842, Leases (“Topic 842”) using a modified prospective approach and implemented internal controls and systems to enable the preparation of financial information upon adoption. The Company elected the available practical expedients permitted under the guidance including the option to not separate lease and nonlease components in calculating the right-of-use assets and corresponding lease liabilities and to not apply the recognition requirements of Topic 842 to short-term leases (leases that have a duration of twelve months or less at lease inception). Generally, it was not possible for the Company to determine the interest rate implicit in each of its operating leases and therefore used its incremental borrowing rate in calculating operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities. The Company assigned its leases to portfolios based on the remaining term at the time of adoption and applied a single rate to each portfolio of leases as the result was not materially different than using a specific discount rate for each individual lease. The Company included renewal options that were reasonably certain of being exercised in determining the lease term. Upon adoption, the Company recorded operating lease right-of-use assets and lease liabilities of $175.0 million for certain of its equipment, offices, real property and land leases (see Note 7). In addition, the Company recognized a cumulative-effect adjustment of $25.4 million, net of tax, to the opening balance of retained earnings primarily for previously deferred gains related to sale-leaseback transactions.
On January 1, 2018, the Company adopted ASU 2016-16, Intra-Entity Transfers of Assets Other Than Inventory, which eliminates the deferral of the tax effects of intercompany asset sales other than inventory until the transferred assets are sold to a third party or recovered through use. As a result of the adoption of the standard, the deferred tax charges previously recognized from those sales resulted in a decrease in deferred tax assets and a cumulative adjustment to retained earnings of $2.5 million in the consolidated balance sheets and statements of changes in equity as of January 1, 2018.
Revenue Recognition. The Company earns revenues from contracts with customers and from lease contracts.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers. Revenue is recognized when (or as) the Company transfers promised goods or services to its customers in amounts that reflect the consideration to which the Company expects to be entitled to in exchange for those goods or services, which occurs when (or as) the Company satisfies its contractual obligations and transfers control of the promised goods or services to its customers. Costs to obtain or fulfill a contract are expensed as incurred.
Ocean Services' revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from voyage charters, contracts of affreightment, tariff based port and infrastructure services, unit freight logistics services, and technical ship management agreements with vessel owners (see Note 18). Ocean Services transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Voyage charters are contracts to carry cargoes on a single voyage basis for a predetermined price, regardless of time to complete. Contracts of affreightment are contracts for cargoes that are committed on a multi-voyage basis for various periods of time, with minimum and maximum cargo tonnages specified over the period at a fixed or escalating rate per ton. Tariff based port and infrastructure services typically include operating harbor tugs alongside oceangoing vessels to escort them to their berth, assisting with the docking and undocking of these oceangoing vessels and escorting them back out to sea. They are contracted using prevailing port tariff terms on a per-use basis. In the unit freight logistics trade, transportation services typically include transporting shipping containers, rail cars, project cargoes, automobiles and U.S. military vehicles and are generally contracted on a per unit basis for the specified cargo and destination, typically in accordance with a publicly available tariff rate or based on a negotiated rate when moving larger volumes over an extended period. Managed services include technical ship and crew management agreements whereby Ocean Services provides technical ship and crew management services to third-party customers for a predetermined price over a specified period of time, typically a year or more.
Inland Services' revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from contracts of affreightment, terminal operations, fleeting operations and repair and maintenance services (see Note 18). Inland Services transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Contracts of affreightment are contracts whereby customers are charged an established rate per ton to transport cargo from point-to-point. Terminal operations includes tank farms and dry bulk and container handling facilities that are marketed under contractual rates and terms driven by throughput volume. Fleeting operations includes fleeting services whereby barges are held in fleeting areas for an agreed-upon day rate and shifting services whereby harbor boats are used to pick up and drop off barges to assist in assembling tows and to move barges to and from the dock for loading and unloading at predetermined per-shift fees. Other operations primarily include a machine shop specializing in towboat and barge cleaning, repair and maintenance services that are charged on an hourly or a fixed fee basis depending on the scope and nature of the work.
Witt O’Brien’s revenues from contracts with customers primarily arise from time and material contracts and retainer contracts (see Note 18). Witt O’Brien’s transfers control of the service to the customer and satisfies its performance obligation over the term of the contract, and therefore recognizes revenue over the term of the contract while related costs are expensed as incurred. Time and material contracts primarily relate to emergency response, debris management or consulting services that Witt O’Brien’s performs for a predetermined fee. Retainer contracts, which are nearly all with vessel services operators and oil companies, are contracted based on agreed-upon rates.
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The Company’s Other business segment includes Cleancor, which primarily earns revenues from the sale of liquefied natural gas (see Note 18). Under these arrangements, control of the goods is transferred to the customer and performance obligations are satisfied at a point in time, and therefore revenue is recognized upon delivery while any related costs are expensed as incurred.
Contract liabilities from contracts with customers arise when the Company has received consideration prior to performance and are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. The Company’s contract liability activity for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Balance at beginning of period $ 794  $ 968 
Previously deferred revenues recognized upon completion of performance obligations during the period (794) (968)
Net contract liabilities arising during the period 596  794 
Balance at end of period $ 596  $ 794 
Lease Revenues. The Company’s lease revenues are primarily from time charters, bareboat charters and non-vessel rental agreements that are recognized ratably over the lease term as services are provided, typically on a per day basis. Under a time charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer for a set term and is responsible for all operating expenses, typically excluding fuel. Under a bareboat charter, the Company provides a vessel to a customer for a set term and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and risks of operation. Under a non-vessel rental agreement, the Company provides non-vessel property or equipment to a customer for a set term and the customer assumes responsibility for all operating expenses and risks of operation.
Cash Equivalents. The Company considers all highly liquid investments with an original maturity of three months or less when purchased to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents consist of U.S. treasury securities, money market instruments, time deposits and overnight investments.
Restricted Cash and Restricted Cash Equivalents. Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents primarily relates to cash collateral for letters of credit and banking facility requirements. Restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents consist of bank and time deposits.
Marketable Securities. Marketable equity securities and debt securities with readily determinable fair values are reported in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as marketable securities. These investments are stated at fair value, as determined by their observable market prices, with both realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as marketable security gains (losses), net. Short sales of marketable securities are stated at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets with both realized and unrealized gains and losses reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as marketable security gains (losses), net. The company's marketable security positions are primarily in energy, marine, transportation and other related businesses. Marketable securities are classified as trading securities for financial reporting purposes with gains and losses reported as operating activities in the accompanying consolidated statements of cash flows.
Trade Receivables. Customers of Ocean Services are primarily multinational oil companies, refining companies, oil trading companies, major gasoline retailers, large industrial consumers of crude, petroleum and chemicals, trading houses, pools, major automobile manufacturers and shippers, the U.S. government and regional power utilities. Customers of Inland Services are primarily major agricultural companies, fertilizer companies, trading companies and industrial companies. Customers of Witt O’Brien’s are primarily governments, energy companies, ship managers and owners, healthcare providers, universities and school systems. Customers of the Company’s other business activities primarily include agricultural and feed companies, asphalt producers and municipalities and government agencies. All customers are granted credit on a short-term basis and related credit risks are considered minimal. The Company routinely reviews its trade receivables and makes provisions for probable doubtful accounts; however, those provisions are estimates and actual results could differ from those estimates and those differences may be material. Trade receivables are deemed uncollectible and removed from accounts receivable and the allowance for doubtful accounts when collection efforts have been exhausted.
Other Receivables. Other receivables primarily consists of income tax, bought-in freight and insurance claim receivables. Other receivables also includes amounts due from certain of the Company’s 50% or less owned companies for working capital in excess of working capital advances, which are typically settled monthly in arrears.

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Derivative Instruments. The Company accounts for derivatives through the use of a fair value concept whereby all of the Company’s derivative positions are stated at fair value in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives not designated as hedges are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as either derivative gains or losses. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives designated as fair value hedges are recognized as corresponding increases or decreases in the fair value of the underlying hedged item to the extent they are effective, with any ineffective portion reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as either derivative gains or losses. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges are reported as a component of other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income to the extent they are effective and reclassified into earnings on the same line item associated with the hedged transaction and in the same period the hedged transaction affects earnings. Any ineffective portions of cash flow hedges are reported in the accompanying consolidated statements of income as either derivative gains or losses. Realized and unrealized gains and losses on derivatives designated as cash flow hedges that are entered into by the Company’s 50% or less owned companies are also reported as a component of the Company’s other comprehensive loss in proportion to the Company’s ownership percentage, with reclassifications and ineffective portions being included in equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Concentrations of Credit Risk. The Company is exposed to concentrations of credit risk associated with its cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and derivative instruments. The Company minimizes its credit risk relating to these positions by monitoring the financial condition of the financial institutions and counterparties involved and by primarily conducting business with large, well-established financial institutions and diversifying its counterparties. The Company does not currently anticipate nonperformance of its significant counterparties. The Company is also exposed to concentrations of credit risk relating to its receivables due from customers in the industries described above. The Company does not generally require collateral or other security to support its outstanding receivables. The Company minimizes its credit risk relating to receivables by performing ongoing credit evaluations and, to date, credit losses have not been material.
Inventories. Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (using the first-in, first-out method) or market. Inventories consist primarily of fuel and fuel oil consumed by the Company’s vessels in its Ocean Services and Inland Services business segments. The Company records write-downs, as needed, to adjust the carrying amount of inventories to the lower of cost or market. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company had no market write-downs of inventory.
Property and Equipment. Equipment, stated at cost, is depreciated using the straight line method over the estimated useful life of the asset to an estimated salvage value. With respect to each class of asset, the estimated useful life is typically based upon a newly built asset being placed into service and represents the point at which it is typically not justifiable for the Company to continue to operate the asset in the same or similar manner. From time to time, the Company may acquire older assets that have already exceeded their useful life as set forth in the Company’s useful life policy, in which case the Company depreciates such assets based on its best estimate of remaining useful life, typically the next survey or certification date.
As of December 31, 2020, the estimated useful life (in years) of each of the Company’s major classes of new equipment was as follows:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag 25
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 25
Harbor and offshore tugs 25
Ocean liquid tank barges 25
Short-sea container/RORO(1) vessels
20
Inland river dry-cargo and specialty barges 20
Inland river liquid tank barges 25
Inland river towboats and harbor boats 25
Terminal and fleeting facilities 20
______________________
(1)Roll On/Roll Off.

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The Company’s major classes of property and equipment as of December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost(1)
Accumulated
Depreciation 		Net Book
Value
2020
Ocean Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag $ 649,795  $ (294,182) $ 355,613 
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag 127,709  (51,681) 76,028 
Harbor tugs - Foreign-flag 45,379  (18,313) 27,066 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 39,238  (17,694) 21,544 
Short-sea container/RORO - Foreign-flag 27,073  (14,121) 12,952 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 6,300  (4,700) 1,600 
Other(2)
18,632  (6,595) 12,037 
Construction in Progress 14,824  —  14,824 
928,950  (407,286) 521,664 
Inland Services:
Dry-cargo barges 216,032  (120,825) 95,207 
Specialty barges 3,828  (2,783) 1,045 
Liquid tank barges 18,898  (4,087) 14,811 
Towboats 66,231  (7,329) 58,902 
Harbor boats 26,765  (10,762) 16,003 
Launch support boats 5,920  (178) 5,742 
Terminal and fleeting facilities 108,264  (68,797) 39,467 
Other(2)
28,706  (9,335) 19,371 
Construction in Progress 4,944  —  4,944 
479,588  (224,096) 255,492 
Witt O’Brien’s:
Other(2)
493  (442) 51 
Other:
Other(3)
12,139  (4,535) 7,604 
Corporate and Eliminations:
Other(2)
20,701  (11,320) 9,381 
$ 1,441,871  $ (647,679) $ 794,192 
______________________
(1)Includes property and equipment acquired in business acquisitions at acquisition date fair value.
(2)Includes land and buildings, leasehold improvements, fixed-wing aircraft, vehicles and other property and equipment.
(3)Includes LNG Equipment and other property and equipment.
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Historical
Cost(1)
Accumulated
Depreciation 		Net Book
Value
2019
Ocean Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag $ 649,795  $ (267,894) $ 381,901 
Harbor and offshore tugs - U.S.-flag 133,419  (47,637) 85,782 
Harbor tugs - Foreign-flag 45,379  (16,067) 29,312 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 39,238  (16,171) 23,067 
Short-sea container/RORO - Foreign-flag 27,073  (11,990) 15,083 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 13,000  (9,800) 3,200 
Other(2)
21,516  (10,994) 10,522 
Construction in Progress 2,847  —  2,847 
932,267  (380,553) 551,714 
Inland Services:
Dry-cargo barges 225,278  (118,615) 106,663 
Specialty barges 3,828  (2,344) 1,484 
Liquid tank barges 19,784  (3,684) 16,100 
Towboats 62,207  (4,981) 57,226 
Harbor boats 19,296  (9,324) 9,972 
Terminal and fleeting facilities 103,455  (65,960) 37,495 
Other(2)
27,536  (11,388) 16,148 
Construction in Progress 7,736  —  7,736 
469,120  (216,296) 252,824 
Witt O’Brien’s:
Other(2)
1,134  (993) 141 
Other:
Other(3)
8,897  (2,450) 6,447 
Corporate and Eliminations:
Other(2)
30,964  (23,732) 7,232 
$ 1,442,382  $ (624,024) $ 818,358 
______________________
(1)Includes property and equipment acquired in business acquisitions at acquisition date fair value.
(2)Includes land and buildings, leasehold improvements, fixed-wing aircraft, vehicles and other property and equipment.
(3)Includes LNG Equipment and other property and equipment.
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, depreciation expense totaled $66.5 million, $65.0 million and $69.9 million, respectively.
Equipment maintenance and repair costs and the costs of routine overhauls, dry-dockings and inspections performed on vessels and equipment are charged to operating expense as incurred. Expenditures that extend the useful life or improve the marketing and commercial characteristics of equipment as well as major renewals and improvements to other properties are capitalized.
Certain interest costs incurred during the construction of equipment are capitalized as part of the assets’ carrying values and are amortized over such assets’ estimated useful lives. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, capitalized interest totaled $0.4 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s construction in progress totaling $25.1 million primarily consisted of the construction of harbor tugs, inland river towboats and other Inland Services equipment, and is included in historical cost in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Intangible Assets. The Company’s intangible assets primarily arose from business acquisitions (see Note 2) and consist of trademarks and tradenames, customer relationships and acquired contractual rights. These intangible assets are amortized over their estimated useful lives generally ranging from one to 15 years. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized amortization expense of $4.1 million, $3.6 million and $4.7 million, respectively.
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The Company’s intangible assets by type were as follows (in thousands):
Trademark/
Tradenames 		Customer
Relationships 		Acquired
Contractual
Rights 		Total
Gross Carrying Value
Year Ended December 31, 2018 $ 3,324  $ 15,365  $ 18,358  $ 37,047 
Acquired intangible assets —  —  —  — 
Year Ended December 31, 2019 3,324  15,365  18,358  37,047 
Acquired intangible assets —  3,078  —  3,078 
Foreign currency translation —  111  —  111 
Year Ended December 31, 2020 $ 3,324  $ 18,554  $ 18,358  $ 40,236 
Accumulated Amortization
Year Ended December 31, 2018 $ (2,312) $ (6,428) $ (3,756) $ (12,496)
Amortization expense (332) (1,282) (1,941) (3,555)
Year Ended December 31, 2019 (2,644) (7,710) (5,697) (16,051)
Amortization expense (332) (1,789) (1,941) (4,062)
Year Ended December 31, 2020 $ (2,976) $ (9,499) $ (7,638) $ (20,113)
Weighted average remaining contractual life, in years 1.0 5.7 6.2 5.9
Future amortization expense of intangible assets for each of the years ended December 31, is as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 4,215 
2022 3,510 
2023 3,496 
2024 3,477 
2025 2,485 
Years subsequent to 2025 2,940 
$ 20,123 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets. The Company performs an impairment analysis of long-lived assets used in operations, including intangible assets, when indicators of impairment are present. These indicators may include a significant decrease in the market price of a long-lived asset or asset group, a significant adverse change in the extent or manner in which a long-lived asset or asset group is being used or in its physical condition, or a current period operating or cash flow loss combined with a history of operating or cash flow losses or a forecast that demonstrates continuing losses associated with the use of a long-lived asset or asset group. If the carrying values of the assets are not recoverable, as determined by the estimated undiscounted cash flows, the estimated fair value of the assets or asset groups are compared to their current carrying values and impairment charges are recorded if the carrying value exceeds fair value. The Company performs its testing on an asset or asset group basis. Generally, fair value is determined using valuation techniques, such as expected discounted cash flows or appraisals, as appropriate. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to its property and equipment held for use.
Impairment of 50% or Less Owned Companies. Investments in 50% or less owned companies are reviewed periodically to assess whether there is an other-than-temporary decline in the carrying value of the investment. In its evaluation, the Company considers, among other items, recent and expected financial performance and returns, impairments recorded by the investee and the capital structure of the investee. Generally, fair value is determined using valuation techniques, such as expected discounted cash flows or appraisals, as appropriate. When the Company determines the estimated fair value of an investment is below carrying value and the decline is other-than-temporary, the investment is written down to its estimated fair value. Actual results may vary from the Company’s estimates due to the uncertainty regarding projected financial performance, the severity and expected duration of declines in value, and the available liquidity in the capital markets to support the continuing operations of the investee, among other factors. Although the Company believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable, the investee’s actual performance compared with the estimates could produce different results and lead to additional impairment charges in future periods. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to its 50% or less owned companies. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company recognized impairment charges of $0.1 million related to one of its 50% or less owned companies, which is included in equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies, net of tax in the accompanying consolidated statements of income (see Note 4).
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Goodwill. Goodwill is recorded when the purchase price paid for an acquisition exceeds the fair value of net identified tangible and intangible assets acquired. As of December 31, 2020, substantially all of the Company’s goodwill is related to Witt O’Brien’s. The Company performs an annual impairment test of goodwill on October 1 of each year and further periodic tests to the extent indicators of impairment develop between annual impairment tests. The Company’s impairment review process compares the fair value of the reporting unit to its carrying value, including the goodwill, related to the reporting unit. To determine the fair value of the reporting unit, the Company may use various approaches including an asset or cost approach, market approach or income approach or any combination thereof. These approaches may require the Company to make certain estimates and assumptions including projections of future cash flows, revenues and expenses. These estimates and assumptions are reviewed each time the Company tests goodwill for impairment and are typically developed as part of the Company’s routine business planning and forecasting process. Although the Company believes its assumptions and estimates are reasonable, the Company’s actual performance against its estimates could produce different results and lead to impairment charges in future periods. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company did not recognize any impairment charges related to its goodwill.
Business Combinations. The Company recognizes 100% of the fair value of assets acquired, liabilities assumed, and noncontrolling interests when the acquisition constitutes a change in control of the acquired entity. Shares issued in consideration for a business combination, contingent consideration arrangements and pre-acquisition loss and gain contingencies are all measured and recorded at their acquisition-date fair value. Subsequent changes to fair value of contingent consideration arrangements are generally reflected in earnings. Any in-process research and development assets acquired are capitalized as are certain acquisition-related restructuring costs if the criteria related to exit or disposal cost obligations are met as of the acquisition date. Acquisition-related transaction costs are expensed as incurred and any changes in income tax valuation allowances and tax uncertainty accruals are recorded as an adjustment to income tax expense (benefit). The operating results of entities acquired are included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income from the date of acquisition (see Note 2).
Debt Discount and Issuance Costs. Debt discounts and costs incurred in connection with the issuance of debt are amortized over the life of the related debt using the effective interest rate method for term loans and straight line method for revolving credit facilities and is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Self-insurance Liabilities. The Company maintains hull, liability and war risk, general liability, workers compensation and other insurance customary in the industries in which it operates. Certain excess and property insurance policies are obtained through SEACOR sponsored programs, with premiums charged to participating businesses based on management’s risk assessment or insured asset values. The marine hull and liability policies have significant annual aggregate deductibles that are accrued based on actual claims incurred. The Company also maintains self-insured health benefit plans for its participating employees. Exposure to the health benefit plans are limited by maintaining stop-loss and aggregate liability coverage. To the extent that estimated self-insurance losses, including the accrual of annual aggregate deductibles, differ from actual losses realized, the Company’s insurance reserves could differ significantly and may result in either higher or lower insurance expense in future periods.
Income Taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities have been provided in recognition of the income tax effect attributable to the book and tax basis differences of assets and liabilities reported in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. Deferred tax assets or liabilities are provided using the enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the periods in which they are expected to be settled or realized. Interest and penalties relating to uncertain tax positions are recognized in interest expense and administrative and general, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. The Company records a valuation allowance to reduce its deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company records any liability associated with global intangible low-taxed income (GILTI) in the period it is incurred.
In the normal course of business, the Company may be subject to challenges from tax authorities regarding the amount of taxes due. These challenges may alter the timing or amount of taxable income or deductions. As part of the calculation of income tax expense (benefit), the Company determines whether the benefits of its tax positions are at least more likely than not of being sustained based on the technical merits of the tax position. For tax positions that are more likely than not of being sustained, the Company accrues the largest amount of the tax benefit that is more likely than not of being sustained. Such accruals require management to make estimates and judgments with respect to the ultimate outcome of its tax benefits and actual results could vary materially from these estimates.
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Deferred Gains – Equipment Sale-Leaseback Transactions and Financed Equipment Sales. From time to time, the Company enters into equipment sale-leaseback transactions with finance companies or provides seller financing on sales of its equipment to third parties or 50% or less owned companies. A portion of the gains realized from these transactions is not immediately recognized in income and has been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in deferred gains and other liabilities. In sale-leaseback transactions (see Note 3), gains are deferred to the extent of the present value of future minimum lease payments and are amortized as reductions to rental expense over the applicable lease terms. In financed equipment sales (see Note 3), gains are deferred to the extent that the repayment of purchase notes is dependent on the future operations of the sold equipment and are amortized based on cash received from the buyers. Deferred gain activity related to these transactions for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of year $ 8,768  $ 39,102  $ 66,519 
Impact of adoption of accounting principle(1)
—  (29,207) — 
Amortization of deferred gains included in operating expenses as a reduction to rental expense —  —  (12,774)
Amortization of deferred gains included in gains on asset dispositions, net —  (1,127) (11,591)
Reclassification of deferred gains into historical cost on reacquired property and equipment —  —  (3,052)
Balance at end of year
$ 8,768  $ 8,768  $ 39,102 
______________________
(1)On January 1, 2019 the Company adopted Topic 842 and reduced deferred gains associated with sale-leaseback transactions through a beginning period retained earnings adjustment.
Deferred Gains – Equipment Sales to the Company’s 50% or Less Owned Companies. A portion of the gains realized from non-financed sales of the Company’s vessels and barges to its 50% or less owned companies was not immediately recognized in income and had been recorded in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets in deferred gains and other liabilities. Effective January 1, 2009, the Company adopted new accounting rules related to the sale of its vessels and barges to its 50% or less owned companies. In most instances, these sale transactions are now considered a sale of a business in which the Company relinquishes control to its 50% or less owned companies. Subsequent to the adoption of the new accounting rules, gains are deferred only to the extent of the Company’s uncalled capital commitments and are amortized as those commitments lapse or funded amounts are returned. For transactions occurring prior to the adoption of the new accounting rules, gains were deferred and are being amortized based on the Company’s ownership interest, cash received and the applicable equipment’s useful lives. Deferred gain activity related to these transactions for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Balance at beginning of year $ 3,240  $ 4,562  $ 5,934 
Amortization of deferred gains included in gains on asset dispositions, net (1,322) (1,322) (1,372)
Balance at end of year
$ 1,918  $ 3,240  $ 4,562 
Stock Based Compensation. Stock based compensation is amortized to compensation expense on a straight line basis over the requisite service period of the grants using the Black-Scholes valuation model. The Company does not estimate forfeitures in its expense calculations as forfeiture history has been minor.
Foreign Currency Translation. The assets, liabilities and results of operations of certain SEACOR subsidiaries are measured using their functional currency, which is the currency of the primary foreign economic environment in which they operate. Upon consolidating these subsidiaries with SEACOR, their assets and liabilities are translated to U.S. dollars at currency exchange rates as of the balance sheet dates and their revenues and expenses are translated at the weighted average currency exchange rates during the applicable reporting periods. Translation adjustments resulting from the process of translating these subsidiaries’ financial statements are reported in other comprehensive loss in the accompanying consolidated statements of comprehensive income.
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Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss. The components of accumulated other comprehensive loss were as follows (in thousands):
SEACOR Holdings Inc. Stockholders’ Equity
Foreign
Currency
Translation
Adjustments 		Derivative Gains
(Losses) on
Cash Flow
Hedges, net 		Total Other
Comprehensive
Loss
Year ended December 31, 2017 $ (545) $ —  $ (545)
Other comprehensive loss (391) —  (391) $ (391)
Income tax benefit 22  —  22  22 
Year ended December 31, 2018 (914) —  (914) $ (369)
Other comprehensive income (loss) (83) 67  (16) $ (16)
Income tax expense (68) —  (68) (68)
Year ended December 31, 2019 (1,065) 67  (998) $ (84)
Other comprehensive loss (194) (957) (1,151) $ (1,151)
Income tax benefit 1  —  1  1 
Year ended December 31, 2020 $ (1,258) $ (890) $ (2,148) $ (1,150)
Foreign Currency Transactions. Certain SEACOR subsidiaries enter into transactions denominated in currencies other than their functional currency. Gains and losses resulting from changes in currency exchange rates between the functional currency and the currency in which a transaction is denominated are included in foreign currency losses, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income in the period in which the currency exchange rates change.
Earnings Per Share. Basic earnings per common share of SEACOR are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding during the relevant periods. Diluted earnings per common share of SEACOR are computed based on the weighted average number of common shares issued and outstanding plus the effect of potentially dilutive securities through the application of the treasury stock and if-converted methods. Dilutive securities for this purpose assumes restricted stock grants have vested, common shares have been issued pursuant to the exercise of outstanding stock options and common shares have been issued pursuant to the conversion of all outstanding convertible notes.
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Computations of basic and diluted earnings per common share of SEACOR for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands, except share data):
Net Income Average o/s Shares Per Share
2020
Basic Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 23,311  19,992,375  $ 1.17 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Options and Restricted Stock(1)
—  38,037 
Convertible Securities(2)(3)
1,120  1,076,333 
Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 24,431  21,106,745  $ 1.16 
2019
Basic Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 26,774  18,949,981  $ 1.41 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Options and Restricted Stock(1)
—  129,250 
Convertible Securities(2)(3)
1,273  1,227,101 
Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 28,047  20,306,332  $ 1.38 
2018
Basic Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 58,148  18,080,778  $ 3.22 
Effect of Dilutive Securities:
Options and Restricted Stock(1)
—  267,810 
Convertible Securities(2)(3)
1,273  1,227,101 
Diluted Weighted Average Common Shares Outstanding $ 59,421  19,575,689  $ 3.04 
______________________
(1)For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, diluted earnings per common share of SEACOR excluded 1,575,867, 827,222 and 333,510, respectively, of certain share awards as the effect of their inclusion in the computation would be anti-dilutive.
(2)For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, diluted earnings per common share of SEACOR excluded 339,505, 928,464 and 1,946,917 shares, respectively, issuable pursuant to the Company’s 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes (see Note 6) as the effect of their inclusion in the computation would be anti-dilutive.
(3)For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, diluted earnings per share of SEACOR excluded 1,553,780, 1,553,780 and 983,351 shares, respectively, issuable pursuant to the Company’s 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes (see Note 6) as the effect of their inclusion in the computation would be anti-dilutive.
New Accounting Pronouncements. On June 16, 2016, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards, which replaces the current incurred loss impairment methodology for financial assets measured at amortized cost with a methodology that reflects expected credit losses and requires consideration of a broader range of reasonable and supportable information, including forecasted information, to develop credit loss estimates. The new standard is effective for interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2019. The adoption of the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On January 26, 2017, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards, which simplified wording and removed step two of the goodwill impairment test. A goodwill impairment will now be the amount by which a reporting unit’s carrying value exceeds its fair value, not to exceed the carrying amount of goodwill. The FASB also eliminated the requirements for any reporting unit with a zero or negative carrying amount to perform a qualitative assessment and, if it fails that qualitative test, to perform step two of the goodwill test. The new standard is effective for annual or interim goodwill impairment tests in fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted for interim or annual goodwill impairment tests on testing dates after January 1, 2017. The Company does not expect adoption of the new standard will have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On August 29, 2018, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards, which requires implementation costs incurred by customers in cloud computing arrangements to be deferred and recognized over the term of the arrangement, if those costs would be capitalized by the customers in a software licensing arrangement. The guidance is effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2019, with early adoption permitted. The adoption of the the new standard did not have a material impact on the Company's consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.

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On December 18, 2019, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards, which enhances and simplifies various aspects of the income tax accounting guidance including the elimination of certain exceptions related to the approach for intraperiod tax allocation, the methodology for calculating income taxes in an interim period and the recognition of deferred tax liabilities for outside basis differences. The new guidance also simplifies aspects of the accounting for franchise taxes and enacted changes in tax laws or rates and clarifies the accounting for transactions that result in a step-up in the tax basis of goodwill. The guidance will be effective for fiscal years, and interim periods within those fiscal years, beginning after December 15, 2020, with early adoption permitted. The Company does not expect the adoption of the new standard to have a material impact on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
On August 19, 2020, the FASB issued an amendment to the accounting standards, which simplifies the accounting for certain convertible instruments by removing the separation models for convertible debt with a cash conversion feature and for convertible instruments with a beneficial conversion feature. Additionally, this new standard amends the diluted earnings per share calculation for convertible instruments by requiring the use of the if-converted method. The treasury stock method is no longer available. Entities may adopt the new standard using either a full or modified retrospective approach, and it is effective for interim and annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2021. The Company has not yet determined what effect, if any, the adoption of the new standard will have on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Reclassification. Certain reclassifications of prior period information have been made to conform with the presentation of the current period information. These reclassifications had no effect on net income or cash flows as previously reported.
2. BUSINESS ACQUISITIONS
Weber. On November 1, 2020, the Company acquired Weber Marine LLC ("Weber"), a fleeting business on the lower Mississippi River and certain other equipment from entities controlled by the previous owners of Weber. The Company performed a preliminary fair value analysis and the purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value resulting in no goodwill being recorded.
Navigate. On February 21, 2020, the Company acquired Helix Media Pte. Ltd., Navigate Response (Asia) Pte. Ltd., Navigate PR Ltd., and Navigate Response Limited (collectively "Navigate"), a global crisis communications network specializing in the international shipping, port and offshore industries. The Company performed a preliminary fair value analysis and the purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value resulting in no goodwill being recorded.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the aggregate purchase price for the Weber and Navigate acquisitions was $25.9 million, including $12.4 million in cash, net of $1.4 million of cash acquired, a note payable of $9.9 million and $1.8 million in contingent consideration that is payable upon meeting certain specified cash collection and client retention targets for the 24 months following the acquisition date. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company paid $0.1 million of the contingent consideration.
Cleancor. On June 1, 2018, the Company acquired a controlling interest in Cleancor, a full service solution provider that delivers clean fuel to end users displacing legacy petroleum-based fuels, through the acquisition of its partners’ 50% equity interest. Immediately prior to consolidation, the Company contributed as capital $1.9 million of notes receivable due from Cleancor. The Company performed a fair value analysis and the purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value resulting in no goodwill being recorded.
SCA. On March 1, 2018, the Company acquired Strategic Crisis Advisors LLC (“SCA”) a boutique advisory practice. The Company performed a fair value analysis and the purchase price was allocated to the acquired assets and liabilities based on their fair value resulting in no goodwill being recorded.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the aggregate purchase price for the Cleancor and SCA acquisitions was $4.7 million, including $3.2 million in cash and $1.5 million to be paid in two installments. The purchase price includes $0.9 million in contingent consideration that is dependent upon meeting predetermined revenue targets for the twelve months following the acquisition date.
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Purchase Price Allocation. The allocation of the purchase price for the Company’s acquisitions for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2018
Trade and other receivables $ 1,539  $ 1,264 
Other current assets 201  170 
Investments, at Equity, and Advances to 50% or Less Owned Companies —  (5,123)
Property and Equipment 20,643  4,382 
Intangible Assets 3,078  1,120 
Other Assets
—  7 
Accounts payable and other accrued liabilities(1)
(150) (1,609)
Other current liabilities (2,628) (439)
Long-Term Debt (9,900) — 
Other Liabilities (367) — 
Noncontrolling interests in subsidiaries —  (82)
Purchase price(2)
$ 12,416  $ (310)
______________________
(1)Amount in 2018 includes $1.5 million of consideration to be paid in two installments.
(2)Purchase price is net of cash acquired totaling $1.4 million and $3.6 million in 2020 and 2018, respectively.
3. EQUIPMENT ACQUISITIONS AND DISPOSITIONS
Equipment Additions. The Company’s capital expenditures were $31.5 million, $37.8 million and $50.3 million during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018, respectively. Major owned equipment placed in service for the years ended December 31, were as follows:
2020(1)
2019 2018
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag —  1  5 
Short-sea container/RORO - Foreign-flag —  —  2 
Inland river dry-cargo barges 6  —  — 
Inland river towboats 1  2  — 
______________________
(1)Excludes eight harbor boats and 22 launch support boats acquired in the Weber acquisition (see Note 2).
Equipment Dispositions. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold property and equipment for net proceeds of $16.5 million and gains of $9.4 million. In addition, the Company recognized previously deferred gains of $1.3 million. The Company also sold and leased back three U.S.-flag harbor tugs for $33.7 million with original leaseback terms ranging from 72-84 months. The Company determined that these transactions resulted in "failed" sale-leasebacks in accordance with Topic 842 and Topic 606 and, as a result, did not qualify for sale or lease accounting (see Note 8).
During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company sold property and equipment for net proceeds of $2.5 million and gains of $0.5 million. In addition, the Company recognized previously deferred gains of $2.4 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company sold property and equipment for net proceeds of $16.1 million and gains of $6.6 million. In addition, the Company recognized previously deferred gains of $13.0 million.
Major equipment dispositions for the years ended December 31, were as follows:
2020(1)
2019 2018
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag —  —  1 
Bulk carriers - U.S.-flag 1  —  — 
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag —  —  1 
Offshore tugs - U.S.-flag 1  —  — 
Short-sea container/RORO - Foreign-flag —  1  — 
Inland river dry-cargo barges 39  —  32 
Inland river specialty barges —  —  2 
______________________
(1)Excludes three U.S.-flag harbor tugs that were disposed of through "failed" sale-leaseback transactions in accordance with Topic 842 and Topic 606 and as a result, do not qualify for sale or lease accounting (see Note 8).
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4. INVESTMENTS, AT EQUITY, AND ADVANCES TO 50% OR LESS OWNED COMPANIES
Investments, at equity, and advances to 50% or less owned companies as of December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
Ownership 2020 2019
Ocean Services:
Trailer Bridge(1)
55.3% $ 54,740  $ 56,770 
RF Vessel Holdings 50.0% 21,946  15,878 
Golfo de Mexico 50.0% 2,888  3,485 
KSM 50.0% 2,613  1,916 
82,187  78,049 
Inland Services:
SCFCo 50.0% 29,448  33,705 
Bunge-SCF Grain 50.0% 14,098  15,112 
SCF Bunge Marine(1)
62.5% 4,797  3,990 
Other 50.0% 1,972  2,285 
50,315  55,092 
Witt O’Brien’s:
O’Brien’s do Brazil 50.0% 1,247  1,274 
Other:
VA&E 23.8% 9,814  10,448 
Avion 39.1% 10,310  10,706 
Other 40.0% – 47.5% 1,526  1,539 
21,650  22,693 
$ 155,399  $ 157,108 
______________________
(1)The Company’s ownership percentage represents its economic interest in the 50% or less owned company.
Combined Condensed Financial Information. Summarized financial information for the Company’s investments, at equity, excluding Trailer Bridge, as of and for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Current assets $ 259,498  $ 234,298 
Noncurrent assets 220,967  214,930 
Current liabilities 197,419  171,765 
Noncurrent liabilities 132,021  118,130 

2020 2019 2018
Operating Revenues $ 1,262,122  $ 1,060,676  $ 841,203 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating and administrative 1,241,841  1,045,132  817,235 
Depreciation 14,736  14,995  25,117 
1,256,577  1,060,127  842,352 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 76  —  38 
Operating Income (Loss) $ 5,621  $ 549  $ (1,111)
Net Loss $ (18,109) $ (8,643) $ (14,161)
As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, cumulative undistributed net losses of 50% or less owned companies accounted for using the equity method and included in the Company’s consolidated retained earnings were $81.5 million and $69.8 million, respectively.
Trailer Bridge. Trailer Bridge, Inc. (“Trailer Bridge”), an operator of U.S.-flag RORO and deck barges, provides marine transportation services between Jacksonville, Florida, San Juan, Puerto Rico and Puerto Plata, Dominican Republic. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company earned revenues of $3.7 million, $4.0 million and $3.5 million, respectively, from the time charter of one U.S.-flag offshore tug to Trailer Bridge.
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Summarized financial information for Trailer Bridge as of and for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Current assets $ 46,951  $ 43,996 
Noncurrent assets 73,098  75,394 
Current liabilities 18,022  16,715 
Noncurrent liabilities 3,058  35 

2020 2019 2018
Operating Revenues $ 175,219  $ 158,291  $ 173,495 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating and administrative 172,589  149,662  148,952 
Depreciation 8,536  7,938  7,546 
181,125  157,600  156,498 
Gains (Losses) on Assets Dispositions 1,489  563  (6)
Operating Income (Loss) (4,417) 1,254  16,991 
Interest expense (3) (61) (106)
Other expense, net —  (375) (300)
Income tax expense (2,240) —  — 
Net Income (Loss) $ (6,660) $ 818  $ 16,585 
RF Vessel Holdings. Rail Ferry Vessel Holdings LLC (“RF Vessel Holdings”), owns two foreign-flag rail ferries. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company and its partner each contributed capital of $6.8 million, $4.7 million and $9.1 million, respectively, to RF Vessel Holdings primarily related to the construction of two new foreign-flag rail ferries with scheduled deliveries during 2021.
Golfo de Mexico. Golfo de Mexico Rail Ferry Holdings LLC (“Golfo de Mexico”), operates the two foreign-flag rail ferries owned by RF Vessel Holdings. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company and its partner each contributed capital of $1.0 million, $0.5 million and $4.6 million, respectively, to Golfo de Mexico. The Company provides Golfo de Mexico with technical, commercial, administrative and construction management services, and during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company received $1.9 million, $1.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively, for these services.
KSM. Kotug Seabulk Maritime LLC (“KSM”) operates four foreign-flag harbor tugs, two foreign-flag specialty vessels and one foreign-flag ocean liquid tank barge in Freeport, Grand Bahama, supporting terminal operations. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company and its partner each contributed capital of $1.0 million to KSM. The Company provides KSM with technical, commercial and administrative management services and during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, received $0.4 million, $0.4 million and $0.4 million, respectively, for these services. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company earned revenues of $1.7 million, $1.4 million and $1.3 million respectively, from the bareboat charter of two foreign-flag harbor tugs to KSM.
SCFCo. SCFCo Holdings LLC (“SCFCo”) operates inland river dry-cargo barges and inland river towboats on the Parana-Paraguay Waterway and a terminal facility at Port Ibicuy, Argentina. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received repayments on working capital advances and loans of $2.6 million from SCFCo. As of December 31, 2020, $38.6 million of working capital advances and loans remained outstanding. The Company provides SCFCo with certain information technology services and during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, received $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for these services. As of December 31, 2020, the Company’s carrying value of its investment in SCFCo was $17.0 million lower than its proportionate share of the underlying equity in SCFCo.
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Bunge-SCF Grain. Bunge-SCF Grain LLC (“Bunge-SCF Grain”) operates terminal grain elevators in Illinois. The Company has provided Bunge-SCF Grain with working capital advances. As of December 31, 2020, the total outstanding balance of working capital advances was $7.0 million. Bunge-SCF Grain also operates and manages the Company’s grain storage and handling facility in McLeansboro, Illinois. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company earned revenues of $0.7 million, $0.7 million and $0.9 million, respectively, from the lease of this terminal facility to Bunge-SCF Grain. Certain dry-cargo barge pools managed by the Company provide freight transportation to Bunge-SCF Grain and those pools received $25.5 million, $24.9 million and $10.7 million for these services during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
SCF Bunge Marine. SCF Bunge Marine LLC (“SCF Bunge Marine”) provides towing services on the U.S. Inland Waterways, primarily the Mississippi River, Illinois River, Tennessee River and Ohio River. The Company time charters eight inland river towboats to SCF Bunge Marine, of which four are bareboat chartered-in by the Company from a third-party leasing entity. The Company and its partner are required to fund SCF Bunge Marine, if necessary, to support the payment of its time charter obligations to the Company. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company earned revenues of $7.9 million, $6.8 million and $3.3 million, respectively, from the time charter of these inland river towboats to SCF Bunge Marine. During the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018, the Company contributed capital of $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, to SCF Bunge Marine. During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2018, the Company received dividends of $1.3 million and $4.6 million, respectively, from SCF Bunge Marine. Certain dry-cargo barge pools managed by the Company obtain towing services from SCF Bunge Marine and those pools paid $52.5 million, $53.3 million and $54.5 million to SCF Bunge Marine for these services during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
Other Inland Services. The Company’s other Inland Services 50% or less owned company operates a fabrication facility. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company and its partner each received a cash dividend of $0.3 million from this 50% or less owned company. During the year ended December 31 2019, the Company and its partner each received a noncash dividend of one specialty barge valued at $0.6 million from this 50% or less owned company.
O’Brien’s do Brazil. O’Brien’s do Brasil Consultoria em Emergencias e Meio Ambiente A/A (“O’Brien’s do Brazil”) is an emergency consulting organization providing preparedness, response and recovery services in Brazil. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company received dividends of $0.6 million, $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively from O’Brien’s do Brazil.
Hawker Pacific. Hawker Pacific Airservices Limited (“Hawker Pacific”) is an aviation sales and support organization and a distributor of aviation components from leading manufacturers. On April 30, 2018, the Company sold its 34.2% interest in Hawker Pacific for $78.0 million in cash and recognized a gain of $53.9 million, which is included in other, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received management fees of $0.1 million from Hawker Pacific.
VA&E. VA&E Trading LLP (“VA&E”), was formed to focus on the global origination, trading and merchandising of sugar and other commodities, pairing producers and buyers and arranging for the transportation and logistics of the product. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company received capital distributions of $3.7 million from VA&E, which reduced the Company’s noncontrolling interest in VA&E to 23.8%. The Company provides VA&E an uncommitted credit facility of up to $3.5 million and a subordinated loan of $4.4 million. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received repayments of $5.4 million from VA&E and advanced $5.4 million to VA&E on the uncommitted credit facility. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company advanced $0.5 million to VA&E on the subordinated loan. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company received repayments of $0.3 million from VA&E on the subordinated loan. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company provided a working capital advance of $1.2 million to VA&E and received repayments on the working capital advance of $1.2 million from VA&E. As of December 31, 2020, outstanding advances to VA&E were $8.4 million, inclusive of accrued and unpaid interest. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received dividends of $0.4 million from VA&E.
Avion. Avion Pacific Limited (“Avion”) is a distributor of aircraft and aircraft related parts. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received dividends of $0.8 million from Avion.
Other. The Company’s other 50% or less owned companies are primarily industrial aviation businesses in Asia. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company received repayments on working capital advances of $0.4 million and received capital distributions of $0.6 million from these 50% or less owned companies. As of December 31, 2020, total advances outstanding to these 50% or less owned companies were $2.0 million.
5. NOTES RECEIVABLE FROM THIRD PARTIES
From time to time, the Company engages in lending activities involving various types of businesses or equipment. The Company recognizes interest income as payments are due, typically monthly, and expenses all costs associated with its lending activities as incurred. These notes receivable are typically collateralized by the underlying equity or equipment and require scheduled or periodic principal and interest payments. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the outstanding balance of
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notes receivable from third parties was $3.2 million and $1.1 million, respectively, and is included in other receivables and other long-term assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company made advances on notes receivable from third parties of $0.2 million, $1.0 million and $0.1 million, respectively, and received repayments on notes receivable from third parties of $0.4 million, $2.1 million and $0.6 million, respectively.
6. LONG-TERM DEBT
The Company’s borrowings as of December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
3.0% Convertible Senior Notes(1)
$ —  $ 50,041 
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes 51,585  64,455 
3.25% Convertible Senior Notes(2)
117,782  117,782 
SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility(3)
90,000  100,000 
SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility(4)
20,000  — 
Other(5)
17,627  7,957 
296,994  340,235 
Portion due within one year, net of unamortized discount and issue costs (12,839) (58,854)
Debt discount included in long-term debt (15,460) (19,990)
Debt issuance costs included in long-term debt (4,490) (5,779)
$ 264,205  $ 255,612 
______________________
(1)Excludes unamortized discount and unamortized issue costs of $1.6 million and $0.2 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.
(2)Excludes unamortized discount and unamortized issue costs of $15.5 million and $1.4 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2020 and $18.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively, as of December 31, 2019.
(3)Excludes unamortized issue costs of $1.6 million and $2.1 million, respectively as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019 .
(4)Excludes unamortized issue costs of $1.4 million and $1.9 million, respectively as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
(5)Excludes unamortized issue costs of $0.1 million and $0.1 million as of December 31, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
The Company’s contractual long-term debt maturities for the years ended December 31, are as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 12,838 
2022 12,483 
2023 12,348 
2024 82,224 
2025 2,235 
Years subsequent to 2025 174,866 
$ 296,994 

3.0% Convertible Senior Notes. On November 13, 2013, SEACOR issued $230.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes due November 15, 2028 (the “3.0% Convertible Senior Notes”). Interest on the 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes was payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. Prior to August 15, 2028, the 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes were convertible into shares of SEACOR Common Stock, at a conversion rate (“Conversion Rate”) of 12.5892 shares per bond ($1,000 face value) only if certain conditions are met, as more fully described in the indenture. After August 15, 2028, holders were permitted to elect to convert at any time. Subsequent to November 19, 2018, the 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes were permitted to redeem at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. On May 15, 2018, the Company exchanged $117.8 million aggregate principal amount of its outstanding 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for a like principal amount of new 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes (see "3.25% Convertible Senior Notes").
The Company accounted separately for the liability and equity components of the 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes and the associated underwriting fees in a manner that reflects the Company’s non-convertible borrowing rate. The resulting debt discount and offering costs associated with the liability component were amortized as additional non-cash interest expense for an overall effective annual interest rate of 7.4%.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company purchased $4.9 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $4.7 million. These transactions resulted in debt extinguishment losses of $5.4 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
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During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company purchased $57.2 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $56.2 million resulting in losses on debt extinguishment of $2.1 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, and prior to their redemption, the Company purchased $15.6 million in principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $15.4 million. On September 14, 2020, the Company redeemed the remaining $34.5 million aggregate outstanding principal amount of its 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount plus accrued and unpaid interest through the date of redemption. These transactions resulted in debt extinguishment losses of $0.6 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
2.5% Convertible Senior Notes. On December 11, 2012, SEACOR issued $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes due December 15, 2027 (the “2.5% Convertible Senior Notes”). Interest on the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on June 15 and December 15 of each year. Beginning December 15, 2017, contingent interest is payable during any subsequent semi-annual interest period if the average trading price of the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes for a defined period is greater than or equal to $1,200 per bond ($1,000 face value). The amount of contingent interest payable for any such period will be equal to 0.25% per annum of such average trading price of the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes. Prior to September 15, 2027, the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock at a conversion rate of 19.0381 shares per bond ($1,000 face value) only if certain conditions are met, as more fully described in the indenture. After September 15, 2027, holders may elect to convert at any time. The Company has reserved the maximum number of shares of Common Stock needed upon conversion, or 982,080 shares as of December 31, 2020. On December 12, 2017, the Company entered into a supplemental indenture, which amended the indenture to provide holders with an additional put right for their Notes on May 31, 2018. In addition, the Company surrendered and waived its right to redeem the Notes until May 31, 2018. Subsequent to May 31, 2018, the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes may be redeemed at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. On December 19, 2022, or if the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as more fully described in the indenture as amended by the first supplemental indenture dated as of December 12, 2017, the holders of the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes may require SEACOR to purchase for cash all or part of the notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase.
The Company accounted separately for the liability and equity components of the 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes and the associated underwriting fees in a manner that reflects the Company’s non-convertible borrowing rate. Beginning December 19, 2017, the effective annual interest rate is equal to the stated coupon rate of 2.5%.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company purchased $12.9 million in principal amount of its 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes for total consideration of $10.9 million resulting in debt extinguishment gains of $1.9 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
3.25% Convertible Senior Notes. On May 15, 2018, SEACOR issued $117.8 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes due May 15, 2030 (the “3.25% Convertible Senior Notes”) in exchange for a like principal amount of the 3.0% Convertible Senior Notes. Interest on the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes is payable semi-annually on May 15 and November 15 of each year. Beginning May 15, 2025, contingent interest is payable during any subsequent semi-annual interest period if the average trading price of the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes for a defined period is greater than or equal to $1,200 per bond ($1,000 face value). The amount of contingent interest payable for any such period will be equal to 0.45% per annum of such average trading price of the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes. Prior to February 15, 2030, the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes are convertible into shares of Common Stock, at a Conversion Rate of 13.1920 shares per bond ($1,000 face value) only if certain conditions are met, as more fully described in the indenture. After February 15, 2030, holders may elect to convert at any time. The Company has reserved the maximum number of shares of Common Stock needed upon conversion, or 1,553,780 shares as of December 31, 2020. On or after May 15, 2022, the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes may be redeemed at the Company's option, in whole or in part, at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption. On May 15, 2025, or if the Company undergoes a fundamental change, as more fully described in the indenture, the holders of the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes may require SEACOR to purchase for cash all or part of the notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of purchase.
The Company accounts separately for the liability and equity components of the 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes and the associated underwriting fees in a manner that reflects the Company’s non-convertible borrowing rate. Of the total issued amount of $117.8 million and offering costs of $2.5 million, the Company allocated $95.1 million and $2.0 million, respectively, to the liability component and $22.7 million and $0.5 million, respectively, to the equity component. The resulting debt discount and offering costs associated with the liability component are amortized as additional non-cash interest expense over the seven year period for which the debt is expected to be outstanding (May 15, 2025) for an overall effective annual interest rate of 7.2%.
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7.375% Senior Notes. On September 24, 2009, SEACOR issued $250.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes due October 1, 2019 (the “7.375% Senior Notes”). The 7.375% Senior Notes were issued under a supplemental indenture dated as of September 24, 2009 (the “2009 Supplemental Indenture”) to the base indenture relating to SEACOR’s senior debt securities, dated as of January 10, 2001, between SEACOR and U.S. Bank National Association, as trustee. Interest on the 7.375% Senior Notes was payable semi-annually on April 1 and October 1 of each year. The 7.375% Senior Notes were redeemed at a price equal to the principal amount, plus accrued and unpaid interest to the date of redemption, plus a specified “make-whole” premium in October of 2018.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, and prior to their redemption, the Company purchased $5.7 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $5.9 million. On October 31, 2018, the Company redeemed the remaining $147.4 million in principal amount of its 7.375% Senior Notes for $153.0 million including a make-whole premium of $5.6 million calculated in accordance with the terms of the indenture. These transactions resulted in losses on debt extinguishment of $6.1 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility. On March 19, 2019, the Company entered into a $125.0 million credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders (the “SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility”) that matures March 19, 2024 and is secured by a pledge over all of SEACOR’s assets and certain of its subsidiaries’ assets, subject to certain exceptions. The SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility permits the Company to borrow up to $125.0 million, from time to time as revolving loans, as such amounts may increase or decrease in accordance with the terms of the Credit Agreement. The loans bear interest at either (i) a Base Rate plus a margin ranging from 0.75% to 2.00% depending on the Company’s maximum net funded debt ratio, as determined in accordance with the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility, or (ii) interest periods of one, two, three or six months at an annual rate equal to London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) for the corresponding deposits of U.S. dollars, plus a margin ranging from 1.75% to 3.00% based on the Company’s maximum net funded debt ratio, as determined in accordance with the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility. A fee of 0.5% is payable on the unused commitment quarterly. The Company incurred $2.2 million of issuance costs related to the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility.
The SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility contains various financial and restrictive covenants including fixed charge coverage ratio, a net funded debt ratio, a collateral coverage ratio and restrictions limiting the Company’s ability to pay dividends or make certain investments, as well as other customary covenants, representations and warranties, and events of default as set forth in the agreement. During the year ended December 31, 2019, the Company drew $25.0 million and repaid $25.0 million under the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company drew $20.0 million under the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility and as of December 31, 2020, the Company had $105.0 million of borrowing capacity. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company repaid $20.0 million under the SEACOR Revolving Credit Facility.
SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility. On April 15, 2015, SEA-Vista entered into a $300.0 million credit agreement with a syndicate of lenders that was scheduled to mature in 2020 (the “SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility”) and was secured by substantially all of SEA-Vista’s tangible and intangible assets, including its fleet of U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers (See Note 1), with no recourse to SEACOR or its other subsidiaries. The SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility was comprised of three tranches: (i) a $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the “Revolving Loan”); (ii) an $80.0 million term loan (the “Term A-1 Loan”); and (iii) a $120.0 million delayed draw term loan (the “Term A-2 Loan”). The proceeds from the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility were used to fund SEA-Vista’s working capital, general corporate purposes, capital commitments and the redemption of its Title XI Bonds. All three loans bore interest at a variable rate determined by reference to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin of between 2.00% and 2.75% as determined in accordance with the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility or, at the election of SEA-Vista, a Base Rate plus a margin of between 1.25% and 1.75% as determined in accordance with the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility. A quarterly fee was payable on the unused commitments of all three tranches. SEA-Vista incurred $3.1 million of issuance costs related to the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, SEA-Vista repaid $39.0 million on the Revolving Loan, $3.3 million on the Term A-1 Loan and $5.5 million on the Term A-2 Loan.
On December 20, 2019, SEA-Vista entered into an amended and restated $200.0 million credit agreement (see "SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility"). Proceeds of $76.0 million from the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility were used to repay the remaining balances on that date under the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility, resulting in losses on debt extinguishment of $0.1 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the year ended December 31, 2019, including the final repayment, SEA-Vista repaid $6.0 million on the Revolving Loan, $30.6 million on the Term A-1 Loan and $51.4 million on the Term A-2 Loan.

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SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility. On December 20, 2019, SEA-Vista entered into the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility, which is secured by substantially all of SEA-Vista’s tangible and intangible assets, including its fleet of U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers (See Note 1), with no recourse to SEACOR or its other subsidiaries. The agreement provides for a $100.0 million revolving credit facility (the "SEA-Vista Revolving Loan") and a $100.0 million term loan facility (the "Term Loan") both of which mature in December 2024. Each of the SEA-Vista Revolving Loan and the Term Loan has an accordion feature allowing for potential increases in principal amount. The SEA-Vista Revolving Loan allows for borrowings and reborrowings from time to time until maturity. The Term Loan is a single draw facility that was drawn in full on December 20, 2019. The proceeds of the Term Loan were used to repay $76.0 million outstanding under the SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility (see "SEA-Vista 2015 Credit Facility") and $24.0 million was used by SEA-Vista for working capital needs and general corporate purposes.
Both the SEA-Vista Revolving Loan and the Term Loan bear interest at a variable rate determined by reference to the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”) plus a margin of between 2.00% and 2.75% or, at the election of SEA-Vista, a Base Rate plus a margin of between 1.00% and 1.75% each as determined in accordance with the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility. A fee of 0.5% is payable on the unused SEA-Vista Revolving Loan commitment. SEA-Vista incurred $2.1 million of issuance costs related to the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility.
The principal of the Term Loan is repayable in quarterly installments of 2.50%, with the remaining principal balance, interest and all other amounts outstanding for all loans, including the SEA-Vista Revolving Loan, due and payable on the Maturity Date, December 20, 2024. In addition, SEA-Vista has the right to make optional prepayments on each of the loans without penalty in minimum amounts of $1.0 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, SEA-Vista repaid $10.0 million under the Term Loan. As of December 31, 2020, SEA-Vista had $100.0 million of borrowing capacity under the SEA-Vista 2019 Credit Facility.
The SEA-Vista Credit Facility contains various financial maintenance and restrictive covenants including: funded debt to adjusted EBITDA; adjusted EBITDA to interest expense plus amortization; and aggregate collateral vessel value to the sum of funded debt and unused and unexpired commitments.
ISH Credit Facility. On July 3, 2017, ISH emerged from bankruptcy pursuant to its chapter 11 plan of reorganization (the "Plan") confirmed by the U.S. Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York. In conjunction with the emergence under the Plan, ISH assumed debt of $25.0 million under a credit facility with a maturity date of July 2020. The facility consisted of two tranches: (i) a $5.0 million revolving credit facility (the “ISH Revolving Loan”) and (ii) a $20.0 million term loan (the “ISH Term Loan”) (collectively the “ISH Credit Facility”). ISH incurred $0.1 million of issuance costs in connection with the ISH Credit Facility. The proceeds from this facility were used for general working capital purposes and payments to ISH’s creditors in accordance with the Plan.
Interest on both loans was based on a variable rate of either LIBOR multiplied by the Statutory Reserve Rate or Prime Rate plus an applicable margin, as defined in the ISH Credit Facility. A quarterly fee of 0.5% was payable on the unused commitment of the ISH Revolving Loan. Beginning September 30, 2017, ISH was required to make quarterly prepayments on the ISH Term Loan of $0.7 million. Commencing with the calendar year ending December 31, 2018, ISH was required to make annual prepayments on the ISH Term Loan in an amount equal to 50% of excess cash flow as defined in the credit agreement.
The ISH Credit Facility contained various financial and restrictive covenants applicable to ISH and its subsidiaries including indebtedness to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA to interest expense, as defined in the ISH Credit Facility. The ISH Credit Facility was non-recourse to SEACOR and its subsidiaries other than ISH. The ISH Credit Facility was secured by substantially all of ISH’s assets, including its fleet of U.S.-flag bulk carriers.
During the year ended December 31, 2018, ISH repaid the outstanding balance of $12.2 million on the ISH Term Loan and terminated the credit facility resulting in debt extinguishment losses of $0.1 million included in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
Other. During 2017, the Company acquired $3.9 million of other debt related to the ISH acquisition. This debt bore interest at 7.0% and was collateralized by certain acquired assets. As of December 31, 2018, this debt was fully repaid. During 2020, the Company issued $9.9 million of other debt related to the Weber acquisition (see Note 2). This debt bears interest at 4% and matures in 2025. The Company has various other obligations including equipment financing, a facility mortgage and a note payable related to the acquisition of a fueling station. These obligations have maturities ranging from 2022 through 2026, have interest rates ranging from 3.4% to 6.0% and require periodic payments of interest and principal.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company issued $10.6 million of other debt, including the debt related to the Weber acquisition. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, repayments on other debt was $0.9 million, $0.6 million and $2.1 million (including the repayment and termination of the debt related to the ISH acquisition), respectively.
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Letters of Credit. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $1.1 million with various expiration dates through 2027.
Guarantees. The Company has guaranteed the payments of amounts owned under certain sale-leaseback transactions on behalf of SEACOR Marine Holdings Inc. ("SEACOR Marine"), a consolidated subsidiary prior to the Spin-off. As of December 31, 2020, these guarantees on behalf of SEACOR Marine totaled $7.0 million and the amount declines as payments are made on the outstanding obligations through 2021. The Company earns a fee from SEACOR Marine of 0.5% per annum on these guarantees. For the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019, and 2018 the Company earned $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.3 million, respectively, in guarantee fees from SEACOR Marine.
Repurchase Authority. SEACOR’s Board of Directors previously approved a securities repurchase plan that authorizes the Company to acquire Common Stock, 2.5% Convertible Senior Notes and 3.25% Convertible Senior Notes (collectively the “Securities”), through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions. As of December 31, 2020, SEACOR had remaining authorization for Securities repurchases of $102.2 million.
7. OPERATING LEASES
Lessee. As of December 31, 2020, the Company leased in two U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers, four U.S.-flag harbor tugs, one U.S.-flag offshore tug, four U.S.-flag PCTCs, 50 inland river dry-cargo barges, four inland river towboats, six inland river harbor boats and certain facilities and other equipment. The leases generally contain purchase and renewal options or rights of first refusal with respect to the sale or lease of the equipment. As of December 31, 2020, the lease terms of the U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers, which are subject to subleases, have remaining durations of 21 and 68 months. The lease terms of the other vessels, facilities and equipment range in duration from 1 to 183 months.
For operating leases as of December 31, 2020, the future minimum payments in the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 42,215 
2022 28,986 
2023 16,687 
2024 14,400 
2025 13,412 
Years subsequent to 2025 15,083 
130,783 
Interest component (13,765)
117,018 
Current portion of long-term operating lease liabilities (37,599)
Long-term operating lease liabilities $ 79,419 
The components of lease expense for the year ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Operating lease expense $ 44,732  $ 42,863 
Short-term lease expense (lease duration of twelve months or less at lease commencement) 24,585  22,992 
Sublease income (35,038) (33,428)
$ 34,279  $ 32,427 
Other information related to operating leases for the year ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands except weighted average data):
2020 2019
Operating cash outflows from operating leases $ 44,578  $ 43,096 
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities $ 11,142  $ 179,944 
Weighted average remaining lease term, in years 4.7 5.2
Weighted average discount rate 4.9  % 4.9  %

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Lessor. As of December 31, 2020, arrangements in which the Company acted as a lessor with original terms in excess of one year included the bareboat charter of four U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers, five U.S.-flag ocean liquid tank barges and six foreign-flag harbor tugs, the time charter of four U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers, four U.S.-flag PCTCs, eight inland river towboats, one U.S.-flag offshore tug and other non-vessel rental arrangements of certain property and equipment. Future minimum lease revenues from these arrangements for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
Total Minimum Lease Revenues
Leased-in Obligations(1)
Net Minimum Lease Income
2021 $ 133,751  $ (32,416) $ 101,335 
2022 91,172  (23,145) 68,027 
2023 57,908  (11,502) 46,406 
2024 31,923  (11,502) 20,421 
2025 27,516  (11,561) 15,955 
Years subsequent to 2025 28,263  (7,420) 20,843 
____________________
(1)The total payments to be made under existing non-cancelable leases for the property and equipment subject to these future minimum lease revenues.
The major classes of owned property and equipment earning lease revenues as of December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
Historical
Cost 		Accumulated
Depreciation 		Net Book
Value
2020
Ocean Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag $ 544,549  $ (280,432) $ 264,117 
Harbor tugs - U.S.-flag & foreign-flag 45,379  (18,313) 27,066 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 39,238  (17,694) 21,544 
629,166  (316,439) 312,727 
Inland Services:
Towboats 50,615  (5,319) 45,296 
$ 679,781  $ (321,758) $ 358,023 
2019
Ocean Services:
Petroleum and chemical carriers - U.S.-flag $ 544,549  $ (258,153) $ 286,396 
Harbor and offshore tugs - U.S.-flag & foreign-flag 51,129  (17,363) 33,766 
Ocean liquid tank barges - U.S.-flag 39,238  (16,171) 23,067 
634,916  (291,687) 343,229 
Inland Services:
Towboats 50,615  (3,498) 47,117 
$ 685,531  $ (295,185) $ 390,346 

8. OTHER LONG-TERM FINANCIAL LIABILITIES
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company sold and leased back three U.S.-flag harbor tugs for $33.7 million with original leaseback terms ranging from 72-84 months (see Note 3). Each of the sale-leaseback agreements provides the Company an option to purchase the applicable U.S.-flag harbor tug for a fixed price one year prior to the expiration of the original lease term.
As a result of the fixed price purchase options, in accordance with Topic 842 and Topic 606, the transactions resulted in "failed" sale-leasebacks as the purchasers do not obtain control of the assets at the end of the lease unless the purchase option is exercised. As a consequence, the Company has not derecognized the assets from its property and equipment and accumulated depreciation balances and will continue to depreciate the assets in accordance with its useful life and depreciation policies. The proceeds received from the sales are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as other long-term financial liabilities. As the Company makes rental payments, a portion of each payment will reduce the balance of the other long-term financial liabilities and a portion will be recorded as interest expense at an imputed rate of 3.35%.
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During the twelve months ended December 31, the amounts recognized in the accompanying consolidated statements of income related to these "failed" sale-leasebacks were as follows (in thousands):
2020
Depreciation and amortization $ 766 
Interest expense 651 

As of December 31, 2020, the future minimum lease payments under these agreements for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 2,568 
2022 2,568 
2023 2,568 
2024 2,568 
2025 2,568 
Years subsequent to 2025 2,803 
$ 15,643 
As of December 31, 2020, depreciation expense to be recognized on these U.S.-flag harbor tugs through the end of the lease term for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 1,313 
2022 1,313 
2023 1,313 
2024 1,313 
2025 1,313 
Years subsequent to 2025 1,422 
$ 7,987 

9. INCOME TAXES
Income before income tax expense (benefit) and equity in losses of 50% or less owned companies derived from U.S. and foreign companies for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
United States $ 20,132  $ 41,398  $ 33,563 
Foreign 4,744  6,182  56,558 
Eliminations and other 1,516  1,517  1,568 
$ 26,392  $ 49,097  $ 91,689 
The Company files a consolidated U.S. federal tax return. The components of income tax expense (benefit) for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Current:
State $ 2,301  $ 739  $ 253 
Federal 15,823  (244) 20,776 
Foreign 1,151  1,165  2,899 
19,275  1,660  23,928 
Deferred:
State (254) 404  (3,001)
Federal (25,050) 7,765  (12,512)
Foreign (1,093) —  — 
(26,397) 8,169  (15,513)
$ (7,122) $ 9,829  $ 8,415 
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The following table reconciles the difference between the statutory federal income tax rate for the Company and the effective income tax rate for the years ended December 31,:
2020 2019 2018
Statutory rate 21.0  % 21.0  % 21.0  %
Income subject to tonnage tax (7.3) % (2.3) % (1.3) %
U.S. federal income tax statutory changes (49.1) % —  % —  %
Non-deductible expenses 3.4  % 1.6  % 0.2  %
Noncontrolling interests —  % (3.1) % (5.7) %
Foreign earnings not subject to U.S. income tax (4.8) % (4.1) % (16.2) %
Foreign taxes not creditable against U.S. income tax 0.2  % 1.4  % 3.2  %
Subpart F income 3.0  % 1.5  % 12.1  %
State taxes 5.9  % 2.0  % (3.1) %
Share award plans 1.6  % 0.6  % (0.3) %
Other (0.9) % 1.4  % (0.7) %
(27.0) % 20.0  % 9.2  %
On March 27, 2020, the U.S. Congress passed and the President signed the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act") into law to address the economic fallout of the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic. One provision of the CARES Act increases the tax deduction for net operating losses from 80% to 100% for 2018 through 2020, allows net operating losses generated in 2018 through 2020 to be carried back up to five years and increases the deductible interest expense limit from 30% to 50% of taxable EBITDA. As a result of these statutory changes, during the twelve months ended December 31, 2020, the Company determined it will be able to carry its 2019 net operating losses back to tax years when the statutory tax rate was 35% resulting in an income tax benefit of $13.0 million, which is included in income tax expense (benefit) in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
As of December 31, 2020, $32.7 million of income tax receivables are included in other receivables in the accompanying condensed consolidated balance sheets.
The components of the net deferred income tax liabilities for the years ended December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Deferred tax liabilities:
Property and equipment $ 114,577  $ 121,840 
Long-term debt 10,905  15,395 
Gains on marketable securities 340  459 
Investments in 50% or less owned companies 774  1,541 
Intangible assets 562  706 
Deductible goodwill 1,659  1,002 
Total deferred tax liabilities 128,817  140,943 
Deferred tax assets:
Federal net operating loss carryforwards 2,022  21,385 
State net operating loss carryforwards and other temporary differences 5,804  4,922 
Capital loss carryforwards 5,199  5,192 
Share award plans 3,853  3,686 
Other 5,870  4,314 
Total deferred tax assets 22,748  39,499 
Valuation allowance (4,846) (4,217)
Net deferred tax assets 17,902  35,282 
Net deferred tax liabilities $ 110,915  $ 105,661 
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company increased its valuation allowance for state net operating loss carryforwards from $4.2 million to $4.8 million. The Company's capital loss carryforwards expire in 2024.
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10. DERIVATIVE INSTRUMENTS AND HEDGING STRATEGIES
Cash Flow Hedges. RF Vessel Holdings has subsidiaries with interest rate swap agreements designated as cash flow hedges, with an aggregate amortizing notional value of $48.0 million that mature in March 2028. These interest rate swaps call for these subsidiaries to pay a fixed rate of 1.74% on the aggregate amortizing notional value and receive a variable interest rate based on LIBOR. By entering into these interest rate swap agreements, these subsidiaries converted the variable LIBOR component of certain of its outstanding borrowings to a fixed interest rate. During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company recognized losses on the fair value of these contracts of $1.0 million which is included as a component of other comprehensive loss.
11. FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
The fair value of an asset or liability is the price that would be received to sell an asset or transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. The Company utilizes a fair value hierarchy that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value and defines three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities. Level 2 inputs are observable inputs other than quoted prices included in Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly, including quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices in markets that are not active, inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the asset or liability, or inputs derived from observable market data. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs that are supported by little or no market activity and are significant to the fair value of the assets or liabilities.
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis were as follows (in thousands):
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
2020
ASSETS
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents $ 66,822  $ —  $ — 
Marketable securities(1)
7,597  —  — 
2019
ASSETS
Cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash and restricted cash equivalents $ 78,444  $ —  $ — 
Marketable securities(1)
7,936  —  — 
______________________
(1)Marketable security gains (losses), net include losses of $0.6 million for the year ended December 31, 2020 related to marketable security positions held by the Company as of December 31, 2020. Marketable security gains (losses), net include gains of $2.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2019 related to marketable security positions held by the Company as of December 31, 2019.
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The estimated fair value of the Company’s other financial assets and liabilities as of December 31, were as follows (in thousands):
Carrying
Amount 		Level 1 Level 2 Level 3
2020
ASSETS
Notes receivable from third parties (included in other receivables and other assets) $ 3,158  $ —  $ 3,159  $ — 
Investments, at cost, in 50% or less owned companies (included in other assets)(1)
4,201  see below
LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, including current portion(2)
277,044  —  295,066  — 
2019
ASSETS
Notes receivable from third parties (included in other receivables and other assets) $ 1,119  $ —  $ 1,082  $ — 
Investments, at cost, in 50% or less owned companies (included in other assets) 4,201  see below
LIABILITIES
Long-term debt, including current portion(2)
314,466  —  330,088  — 
______________________
(1)Subsequent to December 31, 2020 the Company sold one of its investments, at cost, in 50% or less owned companies for $5.0 million and recognized a gain of $1.5 million.
(2)The estimated fair value includes the embedded conversion options on the Company’s outstanding Convertible Senior Notes.
The fair value of the Company’s long-term debt and notes receivable from third parties was estimated based upon quoted market prices or by using discounted cash flow analyses based on estimated current rates for similar types of arrangements. It was not practicable to estimate the fair value of certain of the Company’s investments, at cost, in 50% or less owned companies because of the lack of quoted market prices and the inability to estimate fair value without incurring excessive costs. Considerable judgment was required in developing certain of the estimates of fair value and, accordingly, the estimates presented herein are not necessarily indicative of the amounts that the Company could realize in a current market exchange.
Investments, at equity, and advances in 50% or less owned companies. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company marked its investment in Cleancor to fair value as a consequence of the Company acquiring its partners’ 50% interest, resulting in a gain of $0.1 million, net of tax, based on the fair value of the acquired interest (see Note 2).
12. EQUITY TRANSACTIONS
Stock Repurchases. SEACOR’s Board of Directors previously approved a securities repurchase plan that authorizes the Company to acquire its Securities, which may be acquired through open market purchases, privately negotiated transactions or otherwise, depending on market conditions (see Note 6).
During the year ended December 31, 2020, and 2019 the Company acquired 41,600 and 3,912 shares of Common Stock for treasury, respectively, under the Securities repurchase plan for an aggregate purchase price of $1.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the Company's repurchase authority for the Securities was $102.2 million. During the years ended December 31, 2018, the Company acquired no shares of Common Stock for treasury under the Securities repurchase plan.
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company acquired for treasury 17,730 and 8,338 shares of Common Stock, respectively, for aggregate purchase prices of $0.6 million and $0.4 million, respectively, from its employees to cover their tax withholding obligations related incentive equity award transactions. These shares were purchased in accordance with the terms of the Company’s Share Incentive Plans and not pursuant to the repurchase plan authorization granted by SEACOR’s Board of Directors.
Stock Issuances. On August 2, 2019, the Company acquired the Remaining SEA-Vista Interest (See Note 1). As part of the consideration for the Remaining SEA-Vista Interest, the Company issued the Consideration Shares in a private placement exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

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In connection with the issuance of the Consideration Shares, the Seller agreed to certain restrictions on its ability to dispose of the Consideration Shares pursuant to a Lock-Up Agreement, dated August 2, 2019, between the Company and the Seller (the “Lock-Up Agreement”). Pursuant to the Lock-Up Agreement, the Seller was prohibited from distributing the Consideration Shares to its limited partners prior to November 1, 2019 and from otherwise transferring or disposing of the Consideration Shares in any other manner on or prior to February 2, 2020. On November 15, 2019, the Seller distributed the shares to its partners, effectively terminating the Lock-Up Agreement.
13. NONCONTROLLING INTERESTS IN SUBSIDIARIES
SEA-Vista. SEA-Vista owns and operates the Company’s fleet of U.S.-flag petroleum and chemical carriers used in the U.S. coastwise trade of crude oil, petroleum and specialty chemical products. On August 2, 2019, the Company acquired the Remaining SEA-Vista Interest (See Notes 1 and 12). During the seven months ended July 31, 2019, the net income of SEA-Vista was $14.8 million, of which $7.2 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests. During the year ended December 31, 2018, the net income of SEA-Vista was $51.2 million, of which $25.1 million was attributable to noncontrolling interests.
14. SAVINGS, MULTI-EMPLOYER AND DEFINED BENEFIT PENSION PLANS
SEACOR Savings Plan. The Company provides a defined contribution plan (the “Savings Plan”) for its eligible U.S.-based employees. The Company’s contribution to the Savings Plan is limited to 3.5% of an employee’s wages depending upon the employee’s level of voluntary wage deferral into the Savings Plan and is subject to annual review by the Board of Directors. The Company’s Savings Plan costs were $2.4 million, $2.2 million and $2.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
SEACOR Deferred Compensation Plan. In 2005, the Company established a non-qualified deferred compensation plan, as amended (the “Deferred Compensation Plan”) to provide certain highly compensated executives and non-employee directors the ability to defer receipt of up to 75% of their cash base salary and up to 100% of their cash bonus. Each participant’s compensation deferrals are credited to a bookkeeping account and, subject to certain restrictions, each participant may elect to have their cash deferrals in such account indexed against one or more investment options, solely for purposes of determining amounts payable under the Deferred Compensation Plan (the Company is not obligated to actually invest any deferred amounts in the selected investment options).
Participants may receive a distribution of deferred amounts, plus any earnings thereon (or less any losses), on a date specified by the participant or, if earlier, upon a separation from service or upon a change of control (as defined). All distributions to participants following a separation from service shall be in the form of a lump sum, except if such separation qualifies as “retirement” under the terms of the plan, in which case it may be paid in installments if previously elected by the participant. Distributions to “Key Employees” upon a separation from service (other than due to death) will not commence until at least six months after the separation from service. Participants are always 100% vested in the amounts they contribute to their Deferred Compensation Plan accounts. The Company, at its option, may contribute amounts to participants’ accounts, which may be subject to vesting requirements.
The obligations of the Company to pay deferred compensation under the Deferred Compensation Plan are general unsecured obligations of the Company and rank equally with other unsecured indebtedness of the Company that is outstanding from time to time. As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had obligations of $0.9 million and $0.8 million respectively, related to the Deferred Compensation Plan that are included in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets as deferred gains and other liabilities. The total amount of the Company’s obligation under the Deferred Compensation Plan will vary depending upon the level of participation by participants and the amount of compensation that participants elect to defer under the plan. The duration of the Deferred Compensation Plan is indefinite (subject to the Board of Directors’ discretion to amend or terminate the plan).
AMOPP and SPP. Certain subsidiaries of the Company are participating employers in two industry-wide, multi-employer defined benefit pension plans, the American Maritime Officers Pension Plan (the “AMOPP” - EIN: 13-1936709) and the Seafarers Pension Plan (the “SPP” - EIN: 13-6100329). The Company’s participation in these plans relates to certain employees of the Company’s Ocean Services business segment. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company made contributions of $2.4 million, $2.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively in the aggregate to the AMOPP and SPP.

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Under federal pension law, a plan is in "endangered" status if the funded percentage (plan assets divided by its liabilities) is less than 80% and in "critical" status if the funded percentage is less than 65% (other factors may also apply). For the plan year ending September 30, 2020, the AMOPP was neither in endangered status nor critical status. The Company received notification from the AMOPP that the Company's withdrawal liability as of September 30, 2019, the latest period for which an actuarial valuation is available, would have been $25.5 million. That liability may change in future years based on various factors, primarily employee census. As of December 31, 2020, the Company had no intention to withdraw from the AMOPP and no deficit amounts have been invoiced. Depending upon the results of the future actuarial valuations, it is possible that the AMOPP will experience further funding deficits, requiring the Company to recognize additional payroll related operating expenses in the periods invoices are received or contribution levels are increased.
The SPP was neither in endangered nor critical status for the plan year ending December 31, 2019, the latest period for which a report is available, as the SPP was fully funded.
Multi-Employer Defined Contribution Plans. In accordance with collective bargaining agreements between the Company and the American Maritime Officers Union, the latest of which expires on August 31, 2022, the Seafarers International Union, the latest of which expires on July 31, 2022, the Masters Mates and Pilots Union, which expires July 2, 2022 and the Marine Engineer Benefit Association, which expires July 2, 2022, the Company makes periodic contributions to various defined contribution and 401(k) plans for the benefit of the participants. The contributions to these plans are expensed as incurred and are included in operating expenses in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company made contributions of $1.0 million, $1.1 million and $1.0 million, respectively, in the aggregate to these plans. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, none of the Company’s contributions to any of these plans exceeded 5% of total contributions to each plan and the Company did not pay any material surcharges. As of December 31, 2020, there is no required minimum future contributions to these plans. The Company’s obligations for future contributions are based upon the number of employees subject to the collective bargaining agreements, their rates of pay and the number of days worked. Future negotiations of collective bargaining agreements between the Company and the participating unions, including the contribution levels for these plans or any additional plans that may come into existence, may result in increases to the Company’s wage and benefit costs and those increases may be material.
ISH Retirement Plan. ISH sponsored a defined benefit pension plan (the “ISH Retirement Plan”) covering non-union employees prior to its acquisition by the Company on July 3, 2017. The ISH Retirement Plan generally provided participants with benefits based on years of service and compensation levels for participants hired prior to September 1, 2006. From that date forward, the benefit was calculated prospectively under a cash balance formula with pay credits based on age plus service years and interest credits based on an as defined U.S. treasury rate. Effective July 3, 2017, in conjunction with the Plan, an amendment was made to the ISH Retirement Plan that fully vested all active participants as of January 1, 2017 and froze the retirement benefits effective August 31, 2017. As of August 31, 2017, all retirement benefits earned were fully preserved and will be paid in accordance with the ISH Retirement Plan and legal requirements.
The funded status of the ISH Retirement Plan as of December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019
Fair Value of Assets $ 38,259  $ 37,723 
Projected Benefit Obligation (40,289) (37,583)
Funded Status(1)
$ (2,030) $ 140 
_____________________
(1)Included in other liabilities and other assets, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, pension expense was $2.2 million, $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively utilizing a discount rate of 3.10%, 4.05% and 3.50%, respectively and an expected rate of return on plan assets of 6.00%, 6.75% and 6.75%, respectively.
The significant assumptions used in determining the projected benefit obligation as of December 31, were as follows:
2020 2019
Discount rate 2.30  % 3.10  %
Rate of increase in compensations levels(1)
N/A N/A
CPI 2.25  % 2.25  %
Cash balance interest credits (compounded annually) 3.00  % 4.00  %
Expected long-term rate of return on plan assets 4.00  % 6.00  %
_____________________
(1)Retirement benefits were frozen as of August 31, 2017.
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The future benefit payments expected to be paid in each of the next five fiscal years are as follows (in thousands):
2021 $ 2,260 
2022 2,270 
2023 2,250 
2024 2,210 
2025 2,270 

15. SHARE BASED COMPENSATION
Share Incentive Plans. During the year ended December 31, 2020, SEACOR's stockholders approved an amendment to the 2014 Share Incentive Plan increasing the shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the plan by 900,000 and extending the expiration date to ten years from the date on which it was approved by the Board. The 2014 Share Incentive Plan provides for the grant of options to purchase shares of Common Stock, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock, stock awards, performance awards and restricted stock units to non-employee directors, key officers and employees of the Company. The 2014 Share Incentive Plan superseded the 2007 Share Incentive Plan (collectively including all predecessor plans, the “Share Incentive Plans”). The Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors administers the Share Incentive Plans. A total of 7,550,000 shares of Common Stock have been authorized for grant under the Share Incentive Plans. All shares issued pursuant to such grants are newly issued shares of Common Stock. The exercise price per share of options granted cannot be less than 100% of the fair market value of Common Stock at the date of grant under the Share Incentive Plans. Grants to date have been limited to stock awards, restricted stock, restricted stock units and options to purchase shares of Common Stock.
Restricted stock typically vests over a period of one to five years after date of grant and options to purchase shares of Common Stock typically vest and become exercisable from one to five years after date of grant. Options to purchase shares of Common Stock granted under the Share Incentive Plans expire no later than the tenth anniversary of the date of grant. In the event of a participant’s death, retirement, termination by the Company without cause or a change in control of the Company, as defined in the Share Incentive Plans, restricted stock vests immediately and options to purchase shares of Common Stock vest and become immediately exercisable.
Employee Stock Purchase Plans. During the year ended December 31, 2018, SEACOR’s stockholders approved an amendment to the 2009 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively including all predecessor plans, the “Employee Stock Purchase Plans”) increasing the shares of Common Stock available for issuance under the plan by 300,000 and extending the term to ten years from the date of the Company’s 2018 annual meeting of stockholders. The Employee Stock Purchase Plans permit the Company to offer Common Stock for purchase by eligible employees at a price equal to 85% of the lesser of (i) the fair market value of Common Stock on the first day of the offering period or (ii) the fair market value of Common Stock on the last day of the offering period. Common Stock is made available for purchase under the Employee Stock Purchase Plans for six-month offering periods. The Employee Stock Purchase Plans are intended to comply with Section 423 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”), but is not intended to be subject to Section 401(a) of the Code or the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974. The Board of Directors of SEACOR may amend or terminate the Employee Stock Purchase Plans at any time; however, no increase in the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Employee Stock Purchase Plans may be made without stockholder approval. A total of 900,000 shares of Common Stock have been approved for purchase under the Employee Stock Purchase Plans with all shares issued from those held in treasury.
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Share Award Transactions. The following transactions have occurred in connection with the Company’s share based compensation plans during the years ended December 31,:
2020 2019 2018
Restricted stock awards granted 167,650  149,950  121,850 
Restricted stock awards forfeited —  (4,230) — 
Director stock awards granted 2,375  2,125  2,875 
Stock Option Activities:
Outstanding as of the beginning of year 1,454,074  1,467,391  1,546,014 
Granted
175,800  165,650  142,550 
Exercised (123,829) (165,893) (220,694)
Forfeited —  (5,200) — 
Expired (5,986) (7,874) (479)
Outstanding as of the end of year 1,500,059  1,454,074  1,467,391 
Employee Stock Purchase Plans shares issued 62,161  44,383  45,251 
Shares available for issuance under Share Incentive and Employee Stock Purchase Plans as of the end of year
1,037,414  539,414  884,218 

During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the Company recognized $6.4 million, $5.2 million and $4.0 million, respectively, of compensation expense related to stock awards, stock options, employee stock purchase plans purchases and restricted stock (collectively referred to as “share awards”). As of December 31, 2020, the Company had approximately $14.3 million in total unrecognized compensation costs of which $5.3 million and $4.4 million are expected to be recognized in 2021 and 2022, respectively, with the remaining balance recognized through 2025.
The weighted average values of grants under the Company’s Share Incentive Plans were $21.33, $27.67 and $29.72 for the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. The fair value of each option granted during the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing model with the following assumptions: (a) no dividend yield, (b) weighted average expected volatility of 33.5%, 28.2% and 26.6%, respectively, (c) weighted average discount rates of 0.55%, 1.88% and 2.78%, respectively, and (d) expected lives of 5.88 years, 5.75 years and 5.58 years, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the number of shares and the weighted average grant price of restricted stock transactions were as follows:
Restricted Stock
Number of
Shares 		Weighted
Average
Grant Price
Nonvested as of December 31, 2019 241,180  $ 44.55 
Granted 167,650  $ 32.65 
Vested (55,940) $ 44.39 
Nonvested as of December 31, 2020 352,890  $ 38.92 
During the years ended December 31, 2020 and 2019, the total grant date fair value of restricted stock that vested was $2.5 million and $1.2 million, respectively. During the year ended December 31, 2018, no restricted stock vested.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the number of shares and the weighted average exercise price on stock option transactions were as follows:
Total Options
Number of
Shares 		Weighted
Average
Exercise Price
Outstanding, as of December 31, 2019 1,454,074  $ 43.19 
Granted 175,800  $ 31.88 
Exercised (123,829) $ 35.79 
Expired (5,986) $ 49.71 
Outstanding, as of December 31, 2020 1,500,059  $ 42.45 
Outstanding and Exercisable, as of December 31, 2020 1,070,779  $ 44.08 
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During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, the aggregate intrinsic value of exercised stock options was $0.5 million, $2.5 million and $3.9 million, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the weighted average remaining contractual term for total outstanding stock options and vested/exercisable stock options was 4.92 and 3.69 years, respectively. As of December 31, 2020, the aggregate intrinsic value of all options outstanding and all vested/exercisable options outstanding was $3.7 million and $1.7 million, respectively.
16. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
The Company manages barge pools as part of its Inland Services segment. Pursuant to the pooling agreements, operating revenues and expenses of participating barges are combined and the net results are allocated on a pro-rata basis based on the number of barge days contributed by each participant. Companies controlled by Mr. Fabrikant, the Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of SEACOR, and trusts established for the benefit of Mr. Fabrikant’s children, own barges that participate in the barge pools managed by the Company. Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates were participants in the barge pools prior to the acquisition of SCF Marine Inc. by SEACOR in 2000. During the years ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018, Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates earned $0.6 million, $0.5 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of net barge pool results (after payment of $0.1 million, $0.1 million and $0.1 million, respectively, in management fees to the Company). As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company owed Mr. Fabrikant and his affiliates $0.4 million and $0.1 million, respectively, for undistributed net barge pool results.
Mr. Fabrikant is a director of SEACOR Marine. Prior to 2020, the Company provided certain transition services to SEACOR Marine in connection with the Spin-off and the total amount earned from these transition services during the years ended December 31, 2019 and 2018 was $0.6 million and $4.6 million, respectively.
During the year ended December 31, 2020, the Company reached an agreement with SEACOR Marine to allow SEACOR Marine to carryback certain of its tax net operating losses ("NOLs") to tax years in which SEACOR Marine was part of the Company's consolidated tax group. The carrybacks are allowed as a result of the CARES Act. In exchange for allowing SEACOR Marine to carryback its NOLs, SEACOR Marine agreed to: deposit certain of the tax refunds into a controlled deposit account to cash collateralize certain guarantees the Company made on behalf of SEACOR Marine (see Note 6); prepay its sublease with the Company for office space; provide certain representations and warranties to the Company; and pay the Company a fee of $1.0 million, which is included in other, net in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
17. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
The Company's capital commitments as of December 31, 2020 by year of expected payment were as follows (in thousands):
2021 2022 Total
Ocean Services $ 34,204  $ 5,103  $ 39,307 
Inland Services 3,700  —  3,700 
Other 109  —  109 
$ 38,013  $ 5,103  $ 43,116 
Ocean Services' capital commitments included four U.S.-flag harbor tugs and other equipment. Inland Services’ capital commitments included one inland river towboat, other equipment, and vessel and terminal improvements. Subsequent to December 31, 2020, the Company committed to purchase other property and equipment for $0.2 million.
During 2012, the Company sold National Response Corporation (“NRC”), NRC Environmental Services Inc., SEACOR Response Ltd., and certain other subsidiaries to J.F. Lehman & Company, a private equity firm (the “SES Business Transaction”).
On December 15, 2010, O’Brien’s Response Management L.L.C. (“ORM”) and NRC were named as defendants in several “master complaints” filed in the overall multi-district litigation relating to the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and clean-up in the Gulf of Mexico (the “DWH Response”), which is currently pending in the U.S. District Court for the Eastern District of Louisiana (the “MDL”). The “B3” master complaint naming ORM and NRC asserted various claims on behalf of a putative class against multiple defendants concerning the clean-up activities generally and the use of dispersants specifically. Both prior to and following the filing of the aforementioned “B3” master complaint, individual civil actions naming the Company, ORM, and/or NRC alleging “B3” exposure-based injuries and/or damages were consolidated with the MDL and stayed pursuant to court order. On February 16, 2016, all but eleven “B3” claims against ORM and NRC were dismissed with prejudice (the “B3 Dismissal Order”). On August 2, 2016, the Court granted an omnibus motion for summary judgment as it concerns ORM and NRC in its entirety, dismissing the remaining eleven plaintiffs’ claims against ORM and NRC with prejudice (the “Remaining Eleven Plaintiffs’ Dismissal Order”). The deadline to appeal both of these orders has expired. The last remaining claim against the Company in connection with the “B3” master complaint was dismissed with prejudice, by an order of the Court granted on July 25, 2019.
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On February 18, 2011, Triton Asset Leasing GmbH, Transocean Holdings LLC, Transocean Offshore Deepwater Drilling Inc., and Transocean Deepwater Inc. (collectively “Transocean”) named ORM and NRC as third-party defendants in a Rule 14(c) Third-Party Complaint in Transocean’s own Limitation of Liability Act action, which is part of the overall MDL, tendering to ORM and NRC the claims in the “B3” master complaint that have already been asserted against ORM and NRC. Various contribution and indemnity cross-claims and counterclaims involving ORM and NRC were subsequently filed, including by Halliburton Energy Services Inc. ("Halliburton") and other parties. In August 2020, the Court granted joint motions that ORM and NRC filed with Transocean and Halliburton, respectively, to voluntarily dismiss their claims against one another with prejudice. The Company believes that the potential exposure, if any, resulting therefrom has been reduced as a result of the various developments in the MDL, including the B3 Dismissal Order and Remaining Eleven Plaintiffs’ Dismissal Order, and does not expect that these matters will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
Separately, on March 2, 2012, the Court announced that BP Exploration and Production Inc. (“BPXP”) and BP America Production Company (“BP America,” and with BPXP, “BP”) and the Plaintiffs had reached an agreement on the terms of two proposed class action settlements that would resolve, among other things, Plaintiffs’ economic loss and property damage claims and clean-up related claims against BP. The Company, ORM, and NRC had no involvement in negotiating or agreeing to the terms of either settlement, nor are they parties or signatories thereto. The BP settlement pertaining to personal injury claims (the “Medical Settlement”) purported to resolve the “B3” claims asserted against BP and also established a right for class members to pursue individual claims against BP (but not ORM or NRC) for “later-manifested physical conditions,” defined in the Medical Settlement to be physical conditions that were “first diagnosed” after April 16, 2012 and which are claimed to have resulted from exposure during the DWH Response. This back-end litigation-option (“BELO”) provision of the Medical Settlement has specifically-delineated procedures and limitations, should any “B3” class member seek to invoke their BELO right. For example, there are limitations on the claims and defenses that can be asserted, as well as on the issues, elements, and proofs that may be litigated at any trial and the potential recovery for any Plaintiff. Notwithstanding that the Company, ORM, and NRC are listed on the Medical Settlement’s release as to claims asserted by Plaintiffs, the Medical Settlement still permits BP to seek indemnity from any party, to the extent BP has a valid indemnity right. The Medical Settlement was approved by the Court on January 11, 2013 and made effective on February 12, 2014.
As of late-January 2021, BP has tendered approximately 2,400 claims pursuant to the Medical Settlement’s BELO provision for indemnity to ORM and approximately 230 of such claims to NRC. Recently, approximately 800 of the claims that were tendered by BP to ORM and approximately 85 of the claims tendered to NRC have been dismissed with prejudice. ORM and NRC have rejected all of BP’s indemnity demands relating to the Medical Settlement’s BELO provision and on February 14, 2019 commenced a legal action against BPXP and BP America with respect to same. That action, captioned O’Brien’s Response Management, L.L.C. et al. v. BP Exploration & Production Inc. et al., Case No. 2:19-CV-01418-CJB-JCW (E.D. La.) (the “Declaratory Judgment Action”), seeks declaratory relief that neither ORM nor NRC have any indemnity obligation to BP with respect to the exposure-based claims expressly contemplated by the Medical Settlement’s BELO provision, nor any contribution, in light of BP’s own actions and conduct over the past ten years (including its complete failure to even seek indemnity) and the resultant prejudice to ORM and NRC; that any indemnity or contribution rights BP may have once had with respect to these personal injury and exposure claims were extinguished once the Medical Settlement was approved by the MDL Court in 2013; and that ORM’s and NRC’s contractual and common law rights operate to bar any indemnity or contribution claims against them by BP. BP subsequently proceeded to begin tendering personal injury claims to ORM and NRC that are being pursued by plaintiffs who opted out of the Medical Settlement and who are thus proceeding with their “B3” claims in their ordinary course (as opposed to pursuant to the Medical Settlement’s BELO provision). ORM and NRC also rejected these demands, and amended the Declaratory Judgment Action to cover BP’s indemnity demands for the opt-out claims as well.
BP asserted four amended counterclaims against ORM and NRC, as well as two claims against ORM’s insurer (Navigators). Those amended counterclaims are breach of contract against ORM for allegedly failing to indemnify BP or name BP as an additional insured on the Navigators policy, declaratory judgment that NRC must allegedly indemnify BP under certain circumstances, and unjust enrichment against ORM and NRC. ORM and NRC successfully moved to dismiss the unjust enrichment counterclaim. The parties also filed simultaneous motions for judgment on the pleadings. On May 4, 2020, the Court ruled in favor of ORM, NRC, and Navigators, and against BP, on all remaining claims. BP appealed portions of that ruling, not including the additional insured claim against ORM, to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit. Briefing was complete in November 2020 and oral argument is scheduled for March 1, 2021. The timing of a ruling is within the Court’s discretion.

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Generally, the Company, ORM, and NRC believe that BP’s indemnity demands with respect to any “B3” claims, including those involving Medical Settlement class members invoking BELO rights and those involving Medical Settlement opt-out Plaintiffs, are untimely and improper, and intend to vigorously defend their interests. Moreover, ORM has contractual indemnity coverage for the above-referenced claims through its separate agreements with sub-contractors that worked for ORM during the DWH Response and has attempted to preserve its rights in that regard while the Declaratory Judgment Action is pending. Overall, however, the Company believes that both of BP’s settlements have reduced the potential exposure in connection with the various cases relating to the DWH Response. The Company is unable to estimate the potential exposure, if any, resulting from these claims, but does not expect that they will have a material effect on its consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
In connection with the Merger Agreement, purported stockholders of the Company have filed three complaints against the Company, alleging violations of Sections 14(d), 14(e) and 20(a) of the Exchange Act. These complaints seek, among other things, (i) injunctive relief to prevent the consummation of the Merger, (ii) a rescission of the Merger if the Merger closes or (iii) in the alternative, an award of rescissory damages. While the outcome of these lawsuits cannot be predicted with certainty, the Company believes they are without merit.
In the ordinary course of the Company’s business, it may agree to indemnify its counterparty to an agreement. If the indemnified party makes a successful claim for indemnification, the Company would be required to reimburse that party in accordance with the terms of the indemnification agreement. Indemnification agreements generally, but not always, are subject to threshold amounts, specified claim periods and other restrictions and limitations.
In connection with the SES Business Transaction, the Company remains contingently liable for work performed in connection with the DWH Response. Pursuant to the agreement governing the sale, the Company’s potential liability to the purchaser may not exceed the consideration received by the Company for the SES Business Transaction. The Company is currently indemnified under contractual agreements with BP for the potential “B3” liabilities relating to the DWH Response; this indemnification is unrelated to, and thus not impacted by, the indemnification BP has demanded and discussed above.
In the ordinary course of its business, the Company becomes involved in various other litigation matters including, among other things, claims by third parties for alleged property damages and personal injuries. Management has used estimates in determining the Company’s potential exposure to these matters and has recorded reserves in its financial statements related thereto where appropriate. It is possible that a change in the Company’s estimates of that exposure could occur, but the Company does not expect such changes in estimated costs would have a material effect on the Company’s consolidated financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
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18. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following tables summarize the operating results, capital expenditures and assets of the Company’s reportable segments.
Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2020
Operating Revenues:
External customers 381,255  271,889  92,416  8,266  —  753,826 
Intersegment —  —  64  —  (64) — 
381,255  271,889  92,480  8,266  (64) 753,826 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 261,224  222,186  58,520  6,168  (58) 548,040 
Administrative and general 42,847  13,956  28,060  3,287  25,163  113,313 
Depreciation and amortization 40,787  24,917  1,335  2,167  1,347  70,553 
344,858  261,059  87,915  11,622  26,452  731,906 
Gains on Asset Dispositions, Net 1,510  9,165  —  60  —  10,735 
Operating Income (Loss) 37,907  19,995  4,565  (3,296) (26,516) 32,655 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency gains (losses), net 452  (852) (48) —  66  (382)
Other, net 2  1,937  149  29  977  3,094 
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (1,906) (7,756) 806  (1,327) —  (10,183)
Segment Profit (Loss) 36,455  13,324  5,472  (4,594)
Other Income (Expense) not included in Segment Profit (8,975)
Plus Equity in Losses included in Segment Profit 10,183 
Income Before Taxes and Equity in Losses 26,392 
Capital Expenditures 15,122  10,873  —  2,433  3,097  31,525 
As of December 31, 2020
Property and Equipment:
Historical cost 928,950  479,588  493  12,139  20,701  1,441,871 
Accumulated depreciation (407,286) (224,096) (442) (4,535) (11,320) (647,679)
Net property and equipment 521,664  255,492  51  7,604  9,381  794,192 
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets 88,861  23,961  1,396  —  2,879  117,097 
Investments, at Equity, and Advances to 50% or Less Owned Companies 82,186  50,315  1,247  21,651  —  155,399 
Inventories 858  1,721  191  163  —  2,933 
Goodwill 1,852  2,319  28,506  —  —  32,677 
Intangible Assets 6,308  6,002  7,813  —  —  20,123 
Other current and long-term assets, excluding cash and near cash assets(1)
57,406  100,074  137,319  4,127  36,338  335,264 
Segment Assets 759,135  439,884  176,523  33,545 
Cash and near cash assets(1)
74,419 
Total Assets 1,532,104 
______________________
(1)Cash and near cash assets includes cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and marketable securities
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Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2020
Revenues from Contracts with Customers:
Voyage charters 60,863  —  —  —  —  60,863 
Contracts of affreightment 12,876  199,011  —  —  —  211,887 
Tariff 68,758  —  —  —  —  68,758 
Unit freight 48,934  —  —  —  —  48,934 
Terminal operations —  20,794  —  —  —  20,794 
Fleeting operations —  17,993  —  —  —  17,993 
Logistics services —  15,892  —  —  —  15,892 
Time and material contracts —  —  78,184  —  —  78,184 
Retainer contracts —  —  11,823  —  —  11,823 
Product sales(1)
—  —  —  6,402  —  6,402 
Other 3,952  6,349  2,473  1,465  (64) 14,175 
Lease Revenues:
Time charter, bareboat charter and rental income 185,872  11,850  —  399  —  198,121 
381,255  271,889  92,480  8,266  (64) 753,826 
______________________
(1)Costs of goods sold related to product sales was $4.5 million.
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Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Operating Revenues:
External customers 423,288  267,334  101,663  7,681  —  799,966 
Intersegment —  —  120  —  (120) — 
423,288  267,334  101,783  7,681  (120) 799,966 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 280,809  229,117  68,052  5,464  (110) 583,332 
Administrative and general 40,215  13,441  25,959  3,489  22,714  105,818 
Depreciation and amortization 40,986  23,262  835  1,982  1,506  68,571 
362,010  265,820  94,846  10,935  24,110  757,721 
Gains (Losses) on Asset Dispositions, Net 1,291  1,602  18  32  (33) 2,910 
Operating Income (Loss) 62,569  3,116  6,955  (3,222) (24,263) 45,155 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency losses, net (98) (212) (1) —  (1) (312)
Other, net (112) —  (463) 431  10  (134)
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax (669) (6,520) 902  1,037  —  (5,250)
Segment Profit (Loss) 61,690  (3,616) 7,393  (1,754)
Other Income (Expense) not included in Segment Profit 4,388 
Plus Equity in Losses included in Segment Profit 5,250 
Income Before Taxes and Equity in Losses 49,097 
Capital Expenditures 4,859  30,040  47  1,997  843  37,786 
As of December 31, 2019
Property and Equipment:
Historical cost 932,267  469,120  1,134  8,897  30,964  1,442,382 
Accumulated depreciation (380,553) (216,296) (993) (2,450) (23,732) (624,024)
Net property and equipment 551,714  252,824  141  6,447  7,232  818,358 
Operating Lease Right-of-Use Assets 109,460  31,338  3,045  —  696  144,539 
Investments, at Equity, and Advances to 50% or Less Owned Companies 78,049  55,092  1,274  22,693  —  157,108 
Inventories 2,233  2,510  266  246  —  5,255 
Goodwill 1,852  2,343  28,506  —  —  32,701 
Intangible Assets 7,637  7,497  5,862  —  —  20,996 
Other current and long-term assets, excluding cash and near cash assets(1)
54,842  71,043  108,373  4,760  8,617  247,635 
Segment Assets 805,787  422,647  147,467  34,146 
Cash and near cash assets(1)
86,380 
Total Assets 1,512,972 
______________________
(1)Cash and near cash assets includes cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents and marketable securities.
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Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2019
Revenues from Contracts with Customers:
Voyage charters 46,381  —  —  —  —  46,381 
Contracts of affreightment 24,540  202,317  —  —  —  226,857 
Tariff 79,757  —  —  —  —  79,757 
Unit freight 63,420  —  —  —  —  63,420 
Terminal operations —  16,562  —  —  —  16,562 
Fleeting operations —  17,264  —  —  —  17,264 
Logistics services —  15,155  —  —  —  15,155 
Time and material contracts —  —  87,167  —  —  87,167 
Retainer contracts —  —  9,874  —  —  9,874 
Product sales(1)
—  —  —  5,555  —  5,555 
Other 3,844  5,134  4,742  1,144  (120) 14,744 
Lease Revenues:
Time charter, bareboat charter and rental income 205,346  10,902  —  982  —  217,230 
423,288  267,334  101,783  7,681  (120) 799,966 
______________________
(1)Costs of goods sold related to product sales was $4.5 million.
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Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2018
Operating Revenues:
External customers 414,844  285,688  131,629  3,589  —  835,750 
Intersegment —  —  80  —  (80) — 
414,844  285,688  131,709  3,589  (80) 835,750 
Costs and Expenses:
Operating 269,294  237,010  83,203  2,455  (114) 591,848 
Administrative and general 40,179  13,139  24,772  1,841  22,976  102,907 
Depreciation and amortization 46,270  24,164  1,944  501  1,700  74,579 
355,743  274,313  109,919  4,797  24,562  769,334 
Gains on Asset Dispositions 12,887  6,659  —  37  —  19,583 
Operating Income (Loss) 71,988  18,034  21,790  (1,171) (24,642) 85,999 
Other Income (Expense):
Foreign currency losses, net (168) (2,002) (28) (3) (63) (2,264)
Other, net 570  51  —  54,249  94  54,964 
Equity in Earnings (Losses) of 50% or Less Owned Companies, Net of Tax 3,632  (5,686) 203  1,779  —  (72)
Segment Profit 76,022  10,397  21,965  54,854 
Other Income (Expense) not included in Segment Profit (47,010)
Less Equity in Losses included in Segment Profit 72 
Income Before Taxes and Equity in Losses 91,689 
Capital Expenditures 39,207  8,298  —  2,639  128  50,272 
As of December 31, 2018
Property and Equipment:
Historical cost 930,230  438,848  1,227  6,892  30,132  1,407,329 
Accumulated depreciation (341,999) (195,094) (1,031) (490) (22,205) (560,819)
Net property and equipment 588,231  243,754  196  6,402  7,927  846,510 
Investments, at Equity, and Advances to 50% or Less Owned Companies 73,939  57,899  471  24,577  —  156,886 
Inventories 2,196  1,997  179  158  —  4,530 
Goodwill 1,852  2,350  28,506  —  —  32,708 
Intangible Assets 8,965  8,991  6,595  —  —  24,551 
Other current and long-term assets, excluding cash and near cash assets(1)
48,770  78,903  81,410  2,142  13,178  224,403 
Segment Assets 723,953  393,894  117,357  33,279 
Cash and near cash assets(1)
181,436 
Total Assets 1,471,024 
______________________
(1)Cash and near cash assets includes cash, cash equivalents, restricted cash, restricted cash equivalents, marketable securities and construction reserve funds.
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Ocean
Services
$’000 		Inland
Services
$’000 		Witt
O’Brien’s
$’000 		Other
$’000 		Corporate
and
Eliminations
$’000 		Total
$’000
For the year ended December 31, 2018
Revenues from Contracts with Customers:
Voyage charters 73,979  —  —  —  —  73,979 
Contracts of affreightment 11,872  219,375  —  —  —  231,247 
Tariff 74,157  —  —  —  —  74,157 
Unit freight 58,326  —  —  —  —  58,326 
Terminal operations —  21,501  —  —  —  21,501 
Fleeting operations —  17,888  —  —  —  17,888 
Logistics services —  14,309  —  —  —  14,309 
Time and material contracts —  —  119,196  —  —  119,196 
Retainer contracts —  —  10,124  —  —  10,124 
Product sales(1)
—  —  —  2,686  —  2,686 
Other 3,268  5,223  2,389  425  (80) 11,225 
Lease Revenues:
Time charter, bareboat charter and rental income 193,242  7,392  —  478  —  201,112 
414,844  285,688  131,709  3,589  (80) 835,750 
______________________
(1)Costs of goods sold related to product sales was $2.1 million.
19. SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION FOR STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
Supplemental information for the years ended December 31, was as follows (in thousands):
2020 2019 2018
Income taxes paid $ 13,861  $ 7,708  $ 27,465 
Income taxes refunded 59  11,156  299 
Interest paid, excluding capitalized interest 10,992  12,903  26,880 
Schedule of Non-Cash Investing and Financing Activities:
Right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for operating lease liabilities 11,142  179,944  — 
Long-term debt issued in business acquisitions 9,900  —  — 
Other current liabilities issued in business acquisitions 1,775  —  — 
Net issuance of conversion option on exchange of convertible debt —  —  16,120 
Reclassification of deferred gains to property and equipment —  —  3,052 
Equipment received as a dividend from 50% or less owned companies —  589  — 

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20. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL INFORMATION (UNAUDITED)
Selected financial information for interim quarterly periods is presented below (in thousands, except share data). Earnings per common share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. are computed independently for each of the quarters presented and the sum of the quarterly earnings per share may not necessarily equal the total for the year.
Three Months Ended
Dec. 31, Sept. 30, June 30, March 31,
2020
Operating Revenues $ 213,531  $ 175,414  $ 172,585  $ 192,296 
Operating Income (Loss) 13,317  5,620  13,816  (98)
Net Income 10,798  3,189  7,875  1,469 
Net Income attributable to SEACOR Holdings Inc. 10,770  3,190  7,884  1,467 
Basic Earnings Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 0.54  $ 0.16  $ 0.39  $ 0.07 
Diluted Earnings Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ 0.52  $ 0.16  $ 0.39  $ 0.07 
2019
Operating Revenues $ 192,761  $ 200,658  $ 197,023  $ 209,524 
Operating Income 2,562  12,519  11,106  18,968 
Net Income (Loss) (1,912) 5,861  17,001  13,068 
Net Income (Loss) attributable to SEACOR Holdings Inc. (1,917) 6,405  14,553  7,733 
Basic Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ (0.10) $ 0.33  $ 0.80  $ 0.42 
Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share of SEACOR Holdings Inc. $ (0.10) $ 0.32  $ 0.76  $ 0.41 

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SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
SCHEDULE II – VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
For the Years Ended December 31, 2020, 2019 and 2018
(in thousands)
Description Balance
Beginning
of Year 		Charges
(Credits)
to Cost and
Expenses
Deductions(1)
Balance
End
of Year
Year Ended December 31, 2020
Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from trade and notes receivable) $ 2,871  $ 5,261  $ (2,072) $ 6,060 
Year Ended December 31, 2019
Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from trade and notes receivable) $ 3,481  $ 2,322  $ (2,932) $ 2,871 
Year Ended December 31, 2018
Allowance for doubtful accounts (deducted from trade and notes receivable) $ 2,390  $ 2,067  $ (976) $ 3,481 
______________________
(1)Trade receivable amounts deemed uncollectible that were removed from accounts receivable and allowance for doubtful accounts.
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ITEM 15. FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES, EXHIBITS
(a)Documents filed as part of this report:
1., 2. and audited financial statements for Trailer Bridge, Inc. as of and for three years in the period ended December 31, 2020. Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedules – See Index to Consolidated Financial Statements and Financial Statement Schedule of this Form 10-K.
3. Exhibits
Exhibit
Number 		Description
2.1*#
3.1*
3.2*
3.3*
3.4*
4.1*
4.2*
4.3*
4.4*
4.5*
4.6*
10.1*+
10.2*+
10.3*+
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Exhibit
Number 		Description
10.4*+
10.5*+
10.6*+
10.8*+
10.9*+
10.10*
10.11*+
10.12*+
10.13*+
10.14*+
10.15*+
10.16*+
10.17*
10.18*
10.19*
10.20*
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Exhibit
Number 		Description
21.1**
23.1**
23.2**
31.1**
31.2**
32.1**
32.2**
101
The following financial statements from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income, (iv) Consolidated Balance Sheets, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text and including detailed tags.
104
The cover page from the Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020, formatted in Inline XBRL (included as Exhibit 101).
* Incorporated herein by reference as indicated.
** Filed herewith.
+ Management contracts or compensatory plans or arrangements required to be filed as an Exhibit pursuant to Item 15 (b) of the rules governing the preparation of this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
# Schedules omitted pursuant to Item 601 (a)(5) of Regulation S-K. SEACOR agrees to furnish supplemental copy of any omitted schedule to the SEC upon request.

ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this annual report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2020, to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, and in the capacities indicated, thereunto duly authorized.
SEACOR Holdings Inc. (Registrant)
By: /s/ BRUCE WEINS
Bruce Weins, Senior Vice President
and Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
Date: February 25, 2021
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
Signer Title Date
/s/ BRUCE WEINS Senior Vice President and February 25, 2021
Bruce Weins Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
/s/ CHARLES FABRIKANT Executive Chairman, Chief Executive Officer and Director February 25, 2021
Charles Fabrikant (Principal Executive Officer)
/s/ OIVIND LORENTZEN Vice Chairman and Director February 25, 2021
Oivind Lorentzen
/s/ DAVID BERZ Director February 25, 2021
David Berz
/s/ GAIL HARRIS Director February 25, 2021
Gail Harris
/s/ CHRISTOPHER PAPOURAS Director February 25, 2021
Christopher Papouras
/s/ DAVID SCHIZER Director February 25, 2021
David Schizer

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm


To the Board of Directors and Stockholders of Trailer Bridge, Inc.
Jacksonville, Florida


Opinion on the Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying balance sheet of Trailer Bridge, Inc., (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2020 and 2019, the related statements of income, stockholders’ equity, and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, and the related notes (collectively, referred to as the “financial statements”). In our opinion, the financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company at December 31, 2020 and 2019, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2020, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
Basis for Opinion
These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (“PCAOB”) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matters
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee, or equivalent body, and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of this critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Realization of Deferred Tax Assets - See Note 5 to the Financial Statements
The Company is subject to U.S. federal, state, and Puerto Rico income tax law and has recognized deferred income taxes for differences between the financial statement and tax basis of assets and liabilities and for net operating loss carryforwards. A valuation allowance is established when it is estimated that it is more likely than not that the tax benefit of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Future realization of deferred tax assets depends on the existence of sufficient taxable income of the appropriate character and the Company considers all available evidence, both positive and negative, regarding the estimated future reversals and utilization of existing net deferred tax assets. Based on the level of historical earnings in the U.S. and Puerto Rico, and future projections over the period in which the net deferred tax assets are deductible, management believes it is more likely than not that the deferred tax assets will not be realized or utilized and has fully reserved all of its net deferred tax assets.
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Auditing the Company’s assertion that it was more likely than not that the deferred tax assets would not be realized was complex due to the highly judgmental nature of the projections of future sufficient taxable income across multiple jurisdictions to realize these benefits. The Company’s ability to generate taxable income sufficient to utilize deferred tax assets may be impacted by various economic and industry conditions.
We compared certain assumptions to existing market information and, where relevant, to the plans of the Company, including management’s expectations with regard to the Company’s business model, customer base, product mix and other relevant factors. We evaluated the projections of future taxable income by analyzing the general economic environment and the economic environment of the Company’s industry and we evaluated the methodologies used and the significant assumptions for each type of evidence discussed above. We also tested the reasonableness of management’s estimates of taxable income by comparing the estimates to internal communications to management and the Board of Directors and evaluated whether the estimates of future taxable income were consistent with evidence obtained in other areas of the audit.




/s/ Pivot CPAs

We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2012.
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida
February 23, 2021
122

Exhibit 21.1
SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
MAJORITY OWNED SUBSIDIARIES
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
Jurisdiction
of Incorporation/Formation
Arawak Line (T&C) Ltd. Turks & Caicos
Caribship LLC Delaware
Central Gulf Lines, LLC Delaware
CLEANCOR Energy Solutions LLC Delaware
CLEANCOR Holdings LLC Delaware
CLEANCOR LNG LLC Delaware
CLEANCOR Power Solutions LLC Marshall Islands
CLEANCOR Pressure Vessels LLC Delaware
CLEANCOR SOLUCIONES ENERGETICAS LLC Puerto Rico
C-Terms Partners
d/b/a C-Term Partners 		Florida
Eco-Tankers Crew Management LLC Delaware
F2 SEA Inc. Delaware
Gateway Terminals LLC Delaware
Graham Offshore Tugs LLC Delaware
Illinois Corn Processing Holdings Inc. Delaware
KS Maritime Holdings LLC Marshall Islands
KS Maritime Holdings (US) LLC Delaware
LCI Shipholdings Inc. Marshall Islands
Lightship Tankers I LLC Delaware
Lightship Tankers II LLC Delaware
Lightship Tankers III LLC Delaware
Lightship Tankers IV LLC Delaware
Lightship Tankers V LLC Delaware
McCall Boat Rentals Ocean Barges LLC Delaware
Mesa LNG Partners LLC Delaware
Naviera Central S.A. Colombia
Navigate Communications Pte. Ltd. Singapore
Navigate Response (Asia) Pte. Ltd. Singapore
Navigate PR Limited England and Wales
Navigate Response Limited Englad and Wales
O'Brien's Response Management, L.L.C. Delaware
ORM Holdings II LLC Delaware
ORM Holdings Inc. Delaware
Pantagro-Pantanal Produtos Agropecuarios Ltda. Brazil
Phoenix Crew Management LLC Delaware
Port Dania Holdings I LLC Delaware
Port Dania Holdings II LLC Delaware
Rehab Al-Bahar for General Services, General Transport and General Trading LLC Iraq
SCF AMH Boats LLC Delaware
SCF Barge Line LLC Delaware
SCF Barge Line Leasing LLC Delaware
SCF Colombia (MI) I LLC Cayman Islands
SCF Colombia (MI) II LLC Cayman Islands
SCF Colombia (MI) III LLC Cayman Islands
SCF Colombia (MI) IV LLC Cayman Islands
SCF Colombia (MI) LLC Cayman Islands
SCF Colombia (US) LLC Delaware


Jurisdiction
of Incorporation/Formation
SCF Fleeting LLC Delaware
SCF International LLC Marshall Islands
SCF/JAR Investments LLC Delaware
SCF Lewis and Clark Fleeting LLC Delaware
SCF Lewis and Clark Terminals LLC
d/b/a Bulk Service Granite City
d/b/a Bulk Service Tyler Street
d/b/a Mid Coast Terminal 		Delaware
SCF Marine Inc. Delaware
SCF Real Estate LLC Delaware
SCF Riverport LLC Delaware
SCF Services LLC Delaware
SCF Shipyards LLC Delaware
SCF Specialty Barges LLC Delaware
SCF Terminals LLC Delaware
SCF Towboat III, L.P. Delaware
SCF Waxler Marine LLC
d/b/a Waxler Transportation Company
d/b/a SCF Liquids
d/b/a SCF Towing 		Delaware
Seabulk Challenge LLC Delaware
Seabulk Energy Transport LLC Delaware
Seabulk Fleet Management LLC Delaware
Seabulk Island Transport, Inc. Marshall Islands
Seabulk Logistics Services LLC Delaware
Seabulk Marine Services, Inc. Florida
Seabulk Petroleum Transport LLC Delaware
Seabulk Tankers, Inc. Delaware
Seabulk Towing Holdings Inc. Delaware
Seabulk Towing Services, Inc.
d/b/a Seabulk Towing 		Florida
Seabulk Towing, Inc.
d/b/a Port Canaveral Towing
d/b/a Port Everglades Towing
d/b/a Seabulk Logistics Services
d/b/a Seabulk Towing of Port Canaveral
d/b/a Seabulk Towing of Port Everglades
d/b/a Seabulk Towing of Tampa
d/b/a Tampa Bay Towing
d/b/a Mobile Bay Towing 		Delaware
SEACAP AW LLC Marshall Islands
SEACAP Leasing Associates III LLC Delaware
SEACAP Leasing Associates XI LLC Delaware
SEACOR AMH LLC
d/b/a SCF AMH 		Delaware
SEACOR Asset Management LLC Delaware
SEACOR Capital (Asia) Limited Hong Kong
SEACOR Capital Corporation Delaware
SEACOR Colombia Fluvial (MI) LLC Cayman Islands
SEACOR Commodity Trading LLC Delaware
SEACOR Commodity Trading S.R.L. Argentina
SEACOR Container Lines LLC Delaware
SEACOR Environmental Services Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Gas Transport Corporation Marshall Islands
SEACOR Inland River Transport Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Island Lines LLC Delaware


Jurisdiction
of Incorporation/Formation
SEACOR Management Services Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Meridian Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Ocean Investments LLC Delaware
SEACOR Ocean Transport Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Offshore Ocean Barges LLC Delaware
SEACOR Payroll Management LLC Delaware
SEACOR Response Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Sugar LLC Delaware
SEACOR Tankers Holdings Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Tankers Inc. Delaware
SEACOR Tankers II LLC Delaware
SEACOR Vision Ocean Barges LLC Delaware
SEACOR Worldwide Ocean Barges LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista I LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista II LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista III LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista ATB I LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista Newbuild I LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista Newbuild II LLC Delaware
SEA-Vista Newbuild III LLC Delaware
SIL Holdings LLC Delaware
SIL Payroll Management LLC Marshall Islands
SIT Payroll Management LLC Marshall Islands
Soylutions LLC Illinois
Strategic Crisis Advisors LLC Georgia
Trailer Bridge Holdings LLC Delaware
United Ocean Services Inc. Delaware
V&A Commodity Traders LLC Delaware
VA&E Commodity Investment Limited United Kingdom
Waterman Logistics, Inc. Delaware
Waterman Steamship Corporation New York
Waterman Transport, Inc. Delaware
WCRY LLC Illinois
Weber Marine, L.L.C. Louisiana
Weston Barge Line, Inc. Delaware
Witt Associates do Brasil Consultoria Ltda. Brazil
Witt O'Brien's Insurance Services, LLC New Jersey
Witt O'Brien's, LLC Delaware
Witt O'Brien's Payroll Management LLC Delaware
Witt O'Brien's PR LLC Puerto Rico
Witt O'Brien's USVI, LLC U.S. Virgin Islands



SEACOR HOLDINGS INC.
50% OR LESS OWNED SUBSIDIARIES
AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2020
Jurisdiction
of Incorporation/Formation
Asian Sky Group Limited Hong Kong
Avion Pacific Limited Hong Kong
Bunge-SCF Grain, LLC Delaware
Eagle Fabrication, LLC Illinois
Golfo de Mexico Rail Ferry Holdings LLC Delaware
GTI AW I Republic of Mauritius
Kotug Seabulk Maritime LLC Marshall Islands
Magsaysay-Seacor Inc. Philippines
Mandarin Containers Limited British Virgin Islands
Midas Medici Group Holdings, Inc. Delaware
O'Brien's do Brasil Consultoria em Emergencias e Meio Ambiente S/A Brazil
Rail Ferry Vessel Holdings LLC Marshall Islands
SCF Bunge Marine LLC Delaware
SCFCo Holdings LLC Marshall Islands
Seabulk Offshore de Mexico, S.A. de C.V. Mexico
Svitzer Idku S.A.E Egypt
Trailer Bridge, Inc. Delaware
VA&E Trading LLP United Kingdom



EXHIBIT 23.1
Consent of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm
We have issued our reports dated February 25, 2021, with respect to the consolidated financial statements and internal control over financial reporting included in the Annual Report of Seacor Holdings Inc. on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020. We consent to the incorporation by reference of said reports in the Registration Statements of Seacor Holdings Inc. on Forms S-3 (File No. 333-230111, File No. 333-05483, File No. 333-11705, File No. 333-20921, File No. 333-37492, and File No. 333-56842) and on Forms S-8 (File No. 333-105340, File No. 333-105346, File No. 333-143066, File No. 333-179655, File No. 333-179656, File No. 333-182082, File No. 333-196304, File No. 333-226680, and File No. 333-239212).





/s/ GRANT THORNTON LLP
Fort Lauderdale, Florida
February 25, 2021



EXHIBIT 23.2
Consent of Independent Registered Certified Public Accounting Firm
We consent to the incorporation by reference in the following in Registration Statement Nos. 333-230111, 333-05483, 333-11705, 333-20921, 333-37492, 333-56842 on Form S-3, Registration Statement Nos. 333-105340, 333-105346, 333-143066, 333-179655, 333-179656, 333-182082, 333-196304, 333-226680, 333-239212, on Form S-8, of our report dated February 23, 2021, relating to the financial statements of Trailer Bridge, Inc., included in this Annual Report (Form 10-K) for the year ended December 31, 2020.



/s/ Pivot CPAs
Ponte Vedra Beach, Florida
February 25, 2021



Exhibit 31.1
CERTIFICATION
I, Charles Fabrikant, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SEACOR Holdings Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: February 25, 2021
/s/ CHARLES FABRIKANT
Name: Charles Fabrikant
Title: Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)




Exhibit 31.2
CERTIFICATION
I, Bruce Weins, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this annual report on Form 10-K of SEACOR Holdings Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant's most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant's fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant's internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 
 
Date: February 25, 2021
/s/ BRUCE WEINS
Name: Bruce Weins
Title: Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)



Exhibit 32.1
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED BY SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Charles Fabrikant, as Principal Executive Officer of SEACOR Holdings Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2020 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: February 25, 2021
 
/S/ CHARLES FABRIKANT
Charles Fabrikant
Executive Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
(Principal Executive Officer)




Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION
PURSUANT TO 18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED BY SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
I, Bruce Weins, as Principal Financial Officer of SEACOR Holdings Inc. (the “Company”), certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted by Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that to my knowledge:
(1) the accompanying Annual Report on Form 10-K for the period ending December 31, 2020 as filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Report”) fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended; and
(2) the information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
Dated: February 25, 2021
 
/s/ BRUCE WEINS
Bruce Weins
Senior Vice President and
Chief Financial Officer
(Principal Financial Officer)