As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 24, 2009 File Nos. 033-39088 811-06243 SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549 FORM N-1A REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 Pre-Effective Amendment No. Post-Effective Amendment No. 56 (X) and/or REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 Amendment No. 58 (X) FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter) ONE FRANKLIN PARKWAY, SAN MATEO, CA 94403-1906 (Address of Principal Executive Offices)(Zip Code) (650) 312-2000 Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code CRAIG S. TYLE, ONE FRANKLIN PARKWAY, SAN MATEO, CA 94403-1906 (Name and Address of Agent for Service of Process) Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box) [X] immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b) [ ] on September 1, 2009 pursuant to paragraph (b) [ ] 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) [ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1) [ ] 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) [ ] on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485If appropriate, check the following box: [ ] This post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment. This post-effective amendment is being filed in order to correct an inadvertent clerical error wherein Post-Effective Amendment No. 55 to Registration Statement, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") under Form Type 485BPOS on August 27, 2009 (Accession number 0000083297-09-000020), failed to request in the submission header the Edgar identifier for the addition of Advisor Class shares to the series, Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, although the disclosure of the addition of Advisor Class was included in the filing and the request was set forth in the letter of transmittal.
Contents |
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THE FUND |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Goals and Strategies
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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THE FUND
Goals and Strategies
Goals
The Fund's principal investment goal is to earn a high level of current income. Its secondary goal is capital appreciation over the long term.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 65% of its assets in U.S. and foreign debt securities, including those in emerging markets. Debt securities include all varieties of fixed and floating rate income securities, including bonds, mortgage securities and other asset-backed securities, and convertible securities. The Fund shifts its investments among the following general asset classes, and at any given time may have a substantial amount of its assets invested in any one of these classes:
The Fund may invest up to 100% of its assets in high yield, lower-quality debt securities. These securities are either rated below investment grade or, if unrated, determined by the Fund's manager to be of comparable quality. Investment grade debt securities are rated in the top four rating categories by one or more independent rating agencies such as Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ) and Moody's Investors Service (Moody's). The below-investment grade debt securities in which the Fund invests are generally rated at least Caa by Moody's or CCC by S&P ® or are unrated securities the Fund's manager determines are of comparable quality. However, the Fund may invest a small portion of its total assets in debt securities that are in default. Many debt securities of non-U.S. issuers, and especially emerging market issuers, are rated below investment grade or are unrated so that their selection depends on the manager's internal analysis.
A debt security obligates the issuer to repay a loan of money at a future date and generally to pay interest to the security holder. Floating and variable interest rate investments are debt securities, the rate of interest on which is usually established as the sum of a base lending rate (such as the prime rate of a designated U.S. bank) plus a specified margin.
The Fund may invest in many different securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities. In addition to U.S. Treasury notes and bonds, the Fund may also invest in mortgage-backed securities issued by agencies such as Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Federal National Mortgage Association (Fannie Mae) or Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (Freddie Mac), and asset-backed securities such as Small Business Administration obligations (SBA). The timely payment of principal and interest on U.S. Treasury securities and Ginnie Mae pass-through certificates is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac, and certain other U.S. government-sponsored entities do not carry this guarantee and are backed only by the credit of such agency or instrumentality. U.S. government-sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, may be chartered by Acts of Congress, but their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. government. Although the U.S. government has recently provided financial support to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, no assurance can be given that the U.S. government will always do so.
A mortgage-backed security is an interest in a pool of mortgage loans. Most mortgage securities are pass-through securities, which means that they generally provide investors with monthly payments consisting of a pro rata share of both regular interest and principal payments, as well as unscheduled early prepayments, on the underlying mortgage loans.
A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock of an issuer that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer.
In connection with the purchase of certain asset-backed securities and commercial mortgage-backed securities (TALF ABS), the Fund may borrow from the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (NY Fed) under its Term Asset-Back Securities Loan Facility (TALF). Pursuant to the TALF Program, the Fund may receive one or more three to five year term non-recourse loans to purchase TALF ABS in return for the payment of a haircut amount (usually 5-15% of the loan amount) and a pledge of the TALF ABS.
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in bank loans and loan participations. Loan participations represent fractional interests in a company's indebtedness and are generally made available by banks or other institutional investors.
For purposes of pursuing its investment goals, the Fund may enter into interest rate and credit related transactions involving certain derivative instruments, including interest rate and credit default swaps and bond futures contracts (including U.S. Treasury futures contracts). The use of such derivative transactions may allow the Fund to obtain net long or net short exposures to selected interest rates, durations or credit risks. The Fund may also enter into various other transactions involving derivatives, including currency and cross currency forwards, options on currencies (as a purchaser of such options) and currency and currency index futures contracts. The use of these derivative transactions may allow the Fund to obtain net long or net short exposure to selected currencies. The Fund may use any of the above interest rate or credit-related strategies or other derivative transactions for the purposes of enhancing Fund returns, increasing liquidity, gaining exposure to particular instruments in more efficient or less expensive ways and/or hedging risks relating to changes in interest rates and other market factors.
By way of example, the manager might use an interest rate futures contract to help protect against a rise in short-term interest rates by taking a long position in a federal funds futures contract that will appreciate when the Federal Reserve increases its overnight lending rate which may adversely affect the value of the Fund’s short-term debt securities holdings. In addition, the manager might use a bond futures contract to help manage the interest rate risk and duration of the Fund’s portfolio – for example, the Fund could purchase 10 year U.S. Treasury futures contracts to increase the Fund’s sensitively to longer term interest rates. When used for hedging purposes, a forward contract or other derivative instrument could be used to protect against possible declines in a currency’s value where a security held or to be purchased by the Fund is denominated in that currency, or it may be used to hedge the Fund’s position by entering into a transaction on another currency expected to perform similarly to the currency of the security held or to be purchased (a “proxy hedge”). The manager considers various factors, such as availability and cost, in deciding whether, when and to what extent to enter into derivative transactions.
A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific foreign currency at an agreed exchange rate (price) at a future date, which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. A cross currency forward, sometimes referred to as a “cross-hedge,” is a forward contract to sell a specific foreign currency in exchange for another foreign currency and may be used when the Fund believes that the price of one of those foreign currencies will experience a substantial movement against the other foreign currency. A cross-hedge will tend to reduce or eliminate exposure to the currency that is sold, and increase exposure to the currency that is purchased, similar to when the Fund sells a security denominated in one currency and purchases a security denominated in another currency. A cross-hedge will protect the Fund against losses resulting from a decline in the hedged currency, but will cause the Fund to assume the risk of fluctuations in the value of the currency it purchases.
A futures contract is a standard binding agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying instrument or asset, such as a specific security or currency, at a specified price at a specified later date that trade on an exchange. A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying instrument called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. The purchase or sale of a futures contract will allow the Fund to increase or decrease its exposure to the underlying instrument. Although most futures contracts by their terms require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying instrument, some require cash settlement. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts that trade on U.S. and foreign exchanges.
Swap agreements, such as interest rate swaps, are contracts between the Fund and, typically, a brokerage firm, bank, or other financial institution (the swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to multiple years. In a basic swap transaction, the Fund agrees with its counterparty to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” of underlying instruments. The notional amount is the set amount selected by the parties as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that they have agreed to exchange. The parties typically do not actually exchange the notional amount. Instead, they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given instruments or at given interest rates. For credit default swaps, the “buyer” of the credit default swap agreement is obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement in return for a payment by the “seller” that is contingent upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference debt obligation. As a “buyer” of the credit default swap, the Fund is purchasing the obligation of its counterparty to offset losses the Fund could experience if there was such a credit event. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, obligation acceleration, or modified restructuring of the reference debt obligation. The contingent payment by the seller generally is the face amount of the debt obligation in exchange for the physical delivery of the reference debt obligation or a cash payment equal to the then current market value of that debt obligation. The Fund currently intends only to be a buyer of credit default swaps. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange interest rate obligations, generally one based on an interest rate fixed to maturity while the other is based on an interest rate that changes in accordance with changes in a designated benchmark (for example, LIBOR, prime, commercial paper, or other benchmarks).
The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in credit-linked securities as a means of investing more rapidly and efficiently in permitted segments of the debt securities markets. Credit-linked securities are structured debt securities that derive their value based on the credit risk of one or more reference securities such as corporate debt obligations, credit default swaps on corporate debt or bank loan obligations.
The Fund uses an active asset allocation strategy to try to achieve its goals of income and capital appreciation. This means the Fund allocates its assets among securities in various market sectors based on the manager's assessment of changing economic, global market, industry, and issuer conditions. The manager uses a "top-down" analysis of macroeconomic trends combined with a "bottom-up" fundamental analysis of market sectors, industries, and issuers to try to take advantage of varying sector reactions to economic events. The manager will evaluate country risk, business cycles, yield curves, and values between and within markets.
The Fund's ability to achieve its investment goals depends in part upon the manager's skill in determining the Fund's asset allocation mix and sector weightings. There can be no assurance that the manager's analysis of the outlook for the economy and the business cycle will be correct.
The Fund invests primarily in U.S. and foreign debt securities.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), U.S. government securities, high-grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goals.
Main Risks
Changes in global interest rates affect the prices of the Fund's debt securities. If rates rise, the value of the debt securities in the Fund's portfolio will fall, which may cause the Fund's share price to fall. You could lose money.
Interest Rate
When interest rates rise, fixed-rate debt security prices generally fall. While the opposite is also true, that debt security prices generally rise when interest rates fall, this may be less true for mortgage securities held by the Fund since homeowners may refinance their mortgages when interest rates fall, thus limiting the upside potential of the mortgage securities. In general, securities with longer maturities are more sensitive to these rate changes. Increases in interest rates also may have an adverse effect on the issuers in which the Fund invests because they may find it more difficult to obtain credit to expand, or may have more difficulty meeting interest payments. Decreases in interest rates may reduce the income the Fund receives from floating or variable interest rate investments.
Current Credit Market Conditions
The fixed-income and credit markets have recently experienced a period of extreme volatility which has negatively and substantially impacted market liquidity conditions. Initially, the concerns on the part of market participants were focused on the subprime segment of the mortgage-backed securities market. However, these concerns expanded to include a broad range of mortgage- and asset-backed and other debt securities, including those rated investment grade, the U.S. and international credit and interbank money markets generally, and a wide range of financial institutions and markets, asset classes and sectors. As a result, debt instruments have experienced greater illiquidity, increased price volatility, credit downgrades, and increased likelihood of default. Securities that are less liquid are more difficult to value and may be hard to dispose of. Domestic and international equity markets have also experienced heightened volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected. During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise, and the yield to decline. These events may have an adverse effect on price of the securities held by the Fund.
Credit
An issuer of debt securities, including a governmental issuer, may be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. Changes in an issuer's financial strength or in a security's credit rating may affect a security's value and, thus, impact Fund performance.
Lower-rated securities. Securities rated below investment grade, sometimes called "junk bonds," generally have more credit risk than higher-rated securities.
Issuers of high yield debt securities are not as strong financially as those issuing securities with higher credit ratings. These issuers are more likely to encounter financial difficulties and are more vulnerable to changes in the economy, such as a recession or a sustained period of rising interest rates, that could affect their ability to make interest and principal payments. If an issuer stops making interest and/or principal payments, payments on the securities may never resume. These securities may be worthless and the Fund could lose its entire investment.
The prices of high yield debt securities fluctuate more than higher-quality securities. Prices are especially sensitive to developments affecting the company's business and to changes in the ratings assigned by rating agencies. Prices often are closely linked with the company's stock prices and typically rise and fall in response to factors that affect stock prices. In addition, the entire high yield securities market can experience sudden and sharp price swings due to changes in economic conditions, stock market activity, large sustained sales by major investors, a high-profile default, or other factors.
High yield securities generally are less liquid than higher-quality securities. Many of these securities do not trade frequently, and when they do their prices may be significantly higher or lower than expected. At times, it may be difficult to sell these securities promptly at an acceptable price, which may limit the Fund's ability to sell securities in response to specific economic events or to meet redemption requests.
Substantial declines in the prices of high yield debt securities can dramatically increase the yield of such bonds. The decline in market prices generally reflects an expectation that the issuer(s) may be at greater risk of defaulting on the obligation to pay interest and principal when due. Therefore, substantial increases in yield may reflect a greater risk by the Fund of losing some or part of its investment rather than any increase in income that the debt security or securities may pay to the Fund on its investment.
Loan risk. Bank loans, corporate loans, loan participations and assignments involve credit risk, interest rate risk, liquidity risk, and the risks of being a lender. Indebtedness of companies whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed and may pay only after a delay, which may be substantial. Consequently, when investing in indebtedness of companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested. If the Fund purchases a loan, it may only be able to enforce its rights through the lender, and may assume the credit risk of both the lender and the borrower.
Corporate loans in which the Fund may invest may be unrated and generally will not be registered with the SEC or listed on a securities exchange. In addition, the amount of public information available with respect to corporate loans generally will be less extensive than that available for more widely rated, registered and exchange-listed securities. As a result, corporate loans generally are more difficult to value than more widely rated, registered and exchange-listed securities.
U.S. government securities. Although many U.S. government-sponsored entities, such as Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, may be chartered or sponsored by Acts of Congress, their securities are neither issued nor guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury. The Fund’s investments in securities which are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government depend upon the ability of the issuing agency or instrumentality to make interest or principal payments, and may not permit recourse against the U.S. Treasury. Accordingly, the issuers of some securities considered to be U.S. government securities may be unable to make principal and interest payments when due.
In September 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), an agency of the U.S. government, placed Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac into conservatorship, a statutory process with the objective of returning the entities to normal business operations. FHFA will act as the conservator to operate Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac until they are stabilized. It is unclear what effect this conservatorship will have on the securities issued or guaranteed by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac.
Income
Since the Fund can only distribute what it earns, the Fund's distributions to shareholders may decline when interest rates fall.
Call
A debt security may be prepaid (called) before maturity. An issuer is more likely to call its securities when interest rates are falling, because the issuer can issue new securities with lower interest payments. If a security is called, the Fund may have to replace it with a lower-yielding security. At any time, the Fund may have a large amount of its assets invested in debt securities subject to call risk. A call of some or all of these securities may lower the Fund's income and yield and its distributions to shareholders.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities, including securities of foreign governments, typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and affect its share price.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their values may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars.
Currency management strategies. Currency management strategies, including the use of cross currency forwards and currency futures contracts, may substantially change the Fund's exposure to currency exchange rates and could result in losses to the Fund if currencies do not perform as the manager expects. In addition, currency management strategies, to the extent that they are used as a hedging technique to reduce the Fund’s exposure to currency risks, may also reduce the Fund’s ability to benefit from favorable changes in currency exchange rates. There is no assurance that the manager's use of currency management strategies will benefit the Fund or that they will be, or can be, used at appropriate times. Furthermore, there may not be perfect correlation between the amount of exposure to a particular currency and the amount of securities in the portfolio denominated in that currency.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund’s investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund’s investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Availability of information. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices.
Emerging markets. The risks of foreign investments typically are greater in less developed countries, sometimes referred to as developing or emerging markets. For example, political and economic structures in these countries may be less established and may change rapidly. These countries also are more likely to experience high levels of inflation, deflation or currency devaluation, which can harm their economies and securities markets and increase volatility. In fact, short-term volatility in these markets and declines of 50% or more are not uncommon. Restrictions on currency trading that may be imposed by emerging market countries will have an adverse effect on the value of the securities of companies that trade or operate in such countries.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Securities
Mortgage-backed securities differ from conventional debt securities because principal is paid back over the life of the security rather than at maturity. The Fund may receive unscheduled prepayments of principal before the security's maturity date due to voluntary prepayments, refinancing or foreclosure on the underlying mortgage loans. To the Fund this means a loss of anticipated interest, and a portion of its principal investment represented by any premium the Fund may have paid. Mortgage prepayments generally increase when interest rates fall.
Mortgage-backed securities also are subject to extension risk. An unexpected rise in interest rates could reduce the rate of prepayments on mortgage-backed securities and extend their life. This could cause the price of the mortgage-backed securities and the Fund's share price to fall and would make the mortgage-backed securities more sensitive to interest rate changes.
Issuers of asset-backed securities may have limited ability to enforce the security interest in the underlying assets, and credit enhancements provided to support the securities, if any, may be inadequate to protect investors in the event of default. Like mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities are subject to prepayment and extension risks.
Convertible Securities
The value of convertible securities may rise and fall with the market value of the underlying stock or, like a debt security, vary with changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high (because it is assumed it will be converted) and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low (because it is assumed it will not be converted). Because its value can be influenced by many different factors, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
Credit-Linked Securities
Credit-linked securities are structured debt securities that derive their value based on the credit risk of one or more reference securities such as corporate debt obligations and credit default swaps thereon or bank loan obligations. The Fund may lose money investing in credit-linked securities if a credit event (for example, a bankruptcy or failure to pay interest or principal or a restructuring) occurs with respect to a reference security, if the underlying securities otherwise perform poorly, or if certain counterparties fail to satisfy their obligations. The market for credit-linked securities may suddenly become illiquid, making it difficult for the Fund to sell such securities promptly at an acceptable price.
Derivative Securities
The performance of derivative instruments depends largely on the performance of an underlying instrument or index. Derivative instruments involve costs, may be volatile, and may involve a small initial investment relative to the risk assumed. Their successful use will usually depend on the manager’s ability to accurately forecast movements in the market relating to the underlying instrument. Should a market or markets, or prices of particular classes of investments move in an unexpected manner, especially in unusual or extreme market conditions, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, and it may realize losses, which could be significant. If the manager is not successful in using such derivative instruments, the Fund’s performance may be worse than if the manager did not use such derivative instruments at all. To the extent that the Fund uses such instruments for hedging purposes, there is the risk of imperfect correlation between movements in the value of the derivative instrument and the value of underlying investment or other asset being hedged. There is also the risk, especially under extreme market conditions, that an instrument, which usually would operate as a hedge, provides no hedging benefits at all.
Use of these instruments could also result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction (with respect to swap agreements, forward currency contracts and other over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives) does not perform as promised, including because of such counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. This risk may be heightened during volatile market conditions. Other risks include the inability to close out a position because the trading market becomes illiquid (particularly in the OTC markets) or the availability of counterparties becomes limited for a period of time. In addition, the presence of speculators in a particular market could lead to price distortions. To the extent that the Fund is unable to close out a position because of market illiquidity, the Fund may not be able to prevent further losses of value in its derivatives holdings and the Fund’s liquidity may be impaired to the extent that it has a substantial portion of its otherwise liquid assets marked as segregated to cover its obligations under such derivative instruments. The Fund may also be required to take or make delivery of an underlying instrument that the manager would otherwise have attempted to avoid. Some derivatives can be particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates or other market prices. Investors should bear in mind that, while the Fund intends to use derivative strategies on a regular basis, it is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions, generally or in any particular kind of derivative, if the manager elects not to do so due to availability, cost or other factors.
The use of derivative strategies may also have a tax impact on the Fund. The timing and character of income, gains or losses from these strategies could impair the ability of the manager to utilize derivatives when it wishes to do so.
Borrowing
Because the Fund may borrow money from the NY Fed under the TALF program, the Fund may engage in leverage by gaining exposure to a TALF ABS through the payment of a relatively small haircut amount and borrowing the remainder of the purchase price. Borrowings may exaggerate the effect on the Fund's net asset value of any increase or decrease in the value of the security purchased with the borrowings. However, borrowings associated with the TALF Program are non-recourse to the Fund, which should limit some of the risks of leverage.
Floating Rate Corporate Loans
The Fund is subject to the risk that the scheduled interest or principal payments on its floating rate investments will not be paid. In the event that a nonpayment occurs, the value of that obligation likely will decline. In turn, the net asset value of the Fund’s shares also will decline. Floating rate investments may be issued in connection with highly leveraged transactions. Such transactions include leveraged buyout loans, leveraged recapitalization loans, and other types of acquisition financing. These obligations are subject to greater credit risks than other investments including a greater possibility that the borrower may default or go into bankruptcy.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q2'03 | 8.69% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -5.72% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -14.69% | 1.72% | 4.42% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -17.24% | -0.65% | 1.66% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -9.46% | 0.16% | 2.08% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index 3 | 5.24% | 4.65% | 5.63% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average 4 | -14.26% | 1.22% | 3.43% |
(index reflects no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class B 2 | -14.54% | 1.91% | 4.55% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index 3 | 5.24% | 4.65% | 5.63% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average 4 | -14.26% | 1.22% | 3.43% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class C 2 | -12.03% | 2.21% | 4.46% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index 3 | 5.24% | 4.65% | 5.63% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average 4 | -14.26% | 1.22% | 3.43% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Class R 2, 5 | -11.10% | 2.37% | 4.59% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index 3 | 5.24% | 4.65% | 5.63% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average 4 | -14.26% | 1.22% | 3.43% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund - Advisor 6 | -10.62% | 2.89% | 5.12% |
Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index 3 | 5.24% | 4.65% | 5.63% |
Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average 4 | -14.26% | 1.22% | 3.43% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was 12.56% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: ©2009 Morningstar. The Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Index is a market-capitalization weighted index representing the U.S. investment grade fixed-rate, taxable bond market with index components for government and corporate, mortgage pass-through securities and asset-backed securities. All issues included are SEC-registered, taxable and dollar denominated must have at least one year to final maturity and must be rated investment grade (Baa3/BBB-/BBB- or above) using the middle ratings of Moody's, Standard & Poor's and Fitch, respectively. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
4. Source: Lipper Inc. The Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds Classification Average is calculated by averaging the total returns of all funds within the Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds classification in the Lipper Open-End underlying funds universe. Lipper Multi-Sector Income Funds are defined as funds that seek current income by allocating assets among different fixed income securities sectors (not primarily in one sector except for defensive purposes), including U.S. and foreign governments, with a significant portion rated below investment grade. For the 12-month period ended 4/30/09, there were 147 funds in this category. Lipper calculations do not include sales charges or expense subsidization by a fund's manager. Fund performance relative to the average may have differed if these or other factors had been considered. The Lipper average includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in a Lipper average, nor is the average representative of the Fund's portfolio.
5. Effective January 1, 2002, the Fund began offering Class R shares, which do not have initial sales charges. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to January 1, 2002, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge, reflecting the Rule 12b-1 rate differential between Class A and R; and (b) for periods after January 1, 2002, actual Class R performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
6. Effective August 12, 1999, the Fund began offering Advisor Class shares, which do not have sales charges or a Rule 12b-1 plan. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to August 12, 1999, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge but reflecting the effect of the Class A Rule 12b-1 fees; and (b) for periods after August 12, 1999, actual Advisor Class performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 4.25% 2 | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 4.25% 2 | None | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 3 | 4.00% 4 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges.
2. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
3. There is a 0.75% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges - Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
4. Declines to zero after six years.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 0.65% | 0.65% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.19% | 0.19% | 0.19% | 0.19% | 0.19% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 0.91% | 1.31% | 1.31% | 1.16% | 0.66% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 0.90% | 1.30% | 1.30% | 1.15% | 0.65% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
2. Assumes conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares after eight years, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in U.S. and foreign debt securities. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
CHRISTOPHER J. MOLUMPHY, CFA Executive Vice President and Director of Advisers
Mr. Molumphy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1994. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1988.
ERIC G. TAKAHA, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Takaha has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.46% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.45% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees approving the investment management contract of the Fund is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys’ fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds that were named in the litigation as defendants have since been dismissed, as have the independent trustees to those funds.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.’s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
The Fund has qualified to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay an income dividend monthly from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be distributed at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either income dividends or a capital gain distribution. Your income dividends and capital gain distribution will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive cash payments.
Annual statements. Shortly after the end of each calendar year, you will receive a statement that shows the tax status of distributions you received the previous year, including, for U.S. investors, the amount of any qualified dividend income subject to tax at capital gains rates, and, for non-U.S. investors, the amount of your ordinary dividends that are exempt from nonresident alien withholding taxes because they are interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Distributions declared in December but paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend." If you invest in the Fund shortly before it makes a distribution, you may receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. For example, if you buy 500 shares in the Fund on December 10th at the Fund's NAV of $10 per share, and the Fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the Fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest the $1 per share distribution in additional Fund shares.
Tax Considerations
In general, if you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. A portion of the income dividends paid to you by the Fund may be qualified dividends subject to taxation at the long-term capital gain rates. In general, income dividends from portfolio investments in the stock of domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations are subject to tax at favorable long-term capital gain rates. Income dividends from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities and dividends received from unqualified foreign corporations continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates.
Because the Fund has a higher percentage of its investments in debt securities, it is anticipated that none or only a small portion of the income dividends paid to you by the Fund may be qualified dividends eligible for taxation by individuals at long-term capital gain rates. The reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividends are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Distributions of capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your shares. Long-term capital gain distributions to individuals qualify for the 15% tax rate. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the tax rate is 0% on distributions of net capital gains realized by the Fund or on net capital gains that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares in calendar years 2008 through 2010. These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, you may realize a capital gain or loss. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund is the same as a sale, and will normally generate a gain or loss that will be reported to you in your year-end tax information. An exchange of your shares in one class in the Fund for shares of another class in the same Fund is not a taxable event, and no gain or loss will be reported on such a transaction.
If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any gains reportable on the sale of your shares will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on capital gains as discussed above.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your shares. The Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) instructs it to do so.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, if any, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate on all Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may also be subject to U.S. estate tax on their investment in the Fund. They also have special certification requirements that, if not met, can subject them to backup withholding on any dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds that they receive from the Fund. Each of these subjects is discussed in greater detail in the “Distributions and Taxes – Non-U.S. investors” section of the SAI.
Exemptions from withholding of U.S. tax are currently provided for the following distributions when paid by the Fund to nonresident alien investors:
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.28 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 | $ 10.24 | $ 10.09 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.51 | 0.56 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.53 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -1.20 | -0.07 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
Total from investment operations | -0.69 | 0.49 | 0.88 | 0.56 | 0.80 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.76 | -0.69 | -0.60 | -0.60 | -0.65 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 8.83 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 | $ 10.24 |
Total return e | -6.32% | 4.80% | 9.09% | 5.69% | 8.10% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 0.89% | 0.89% | 0.92% | 0.91% | 0.91% g |
Net investment income | 5.67% | 5.44% | 5.22% | 5.05% | 5.18% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 2,060,179 | $ 2,123,947 | $ 1,521,459 | $ 998,182 | $ 696,198 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% | 34.10% | 48.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% | 33.59% | 39.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 0.92%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.32 | $ 10.52 | $ 10.24 | $ 10.27 | $ 10.12 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -1.20 | -0.07 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.27 |
Total from investment operations | -0.72 | 0.45 | 0.84 | 0.53 | 0.76 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.73 | -0.65 | -0.56 | -0.56 | -0.61 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 8.87 | $ 10.32 | $ 10.52 | $ 10.24 | $ 10.27 |
Total return e | -6.68% | 4.35% | 8.62% | 5.34% | 7.65% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.32% | 1.31% | 1.31% g |
Net investment income | 5.27% | 5.04% | 4.82% | 4.65% | 4.78% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 79,959 | $ 105,620 | $ 104,523 | $ 104,477 | $ 110,502 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% | 34.10% | 48.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% | 33.59% | 39.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.32%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.27 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 | $ 10.24 | $ 10.09 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.48 | 0.52 | 0.49 | 0.47 | 0.49 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -1.19 | -0.08 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.27 |
Total from investment operations | -0.71 | 0.44 | 0.84 | 0.52 | 0.76 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.73 | -0.65 | -0.56 | -0.56 | -0.61 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 8.83 | $ 10.27 | $ 10.48 | $ 10.20 | $ 10.24 |
Total return e | -6.60% | 4.28% | 8.67% | 5.27% | 7.67% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.29% | 1.29% | 1.32% | 1.31% | 1.31% g |
Net investment income | 5.27% | 5.04% | 4.82% | 4.65% | 4.78% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 773,337 | $ 733,071 | $ 437,026 | $ 294,412 | $ 213,741 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% | 34.10% | 48.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% | 33.59% | 39.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.32%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.25 | $ 10.46 | $ 10.18 | $ 10.22 | $ 10.07 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.49 | 0.53 | 0.51 | 0.49 | 0.51 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -1.19 | -0.08 | 0.35 | 0.05 | 0.26 |
Total from investment operations | -0.70 | 0.45 | 0.86 | 0.54 | 0.77 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.74 | -0.66 | -0.58 | -0.58 | -0.62 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 8.81 | $ 10.25 | $ 10.46 | $ 10.18 | $ 10.22 |
Total return e | -6.47% | 4.55% | 8.74% | 5.44% | 7.86% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.14% | 1.14% | 1.17% | 1.16% | 1.16% g |
Net investment income | 5.42% | 5.19% | 4.97% | 4.80% | 4.93% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 115,811 | $ 108,020 | $ 65,527 | $ 32,971 | $ 17,859 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% | 34.10% | 48.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% | 33.59% | 39.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.17%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 10.28 | $ 10.49 | $ 10.21 | $ 10.24 | $ 10.09 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.53 | 0.58 | 0.56 | 0.54 | 0.56 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -1.18 | -0.07 | 0.35 | 0.06 | 0.26 |
Total from investment operations | -0.65 | 0.51 | 0.91 | 0.60 | 0.82 |
Less distributions from net investment income and net foreign currency gains | -0.79 | -0.72 | -0.63 | -0.63 | -0.67 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 8.84 | $ 10.28 | $ 10.49 | $ 10.21 | $ 10.24 |
Total return | -5.98% | 5.05% | 9.25% | 6.05% | 8.37% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 0.64% | 0.64% | 0.67% | 0.66% | 0.66% f |
Net investment income | 5.92% | 5.69% | 5.47% | 5.30% | 5.43% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 166,821 | $ 111,346 | $ 66,745 | $ 57,367 | $ 60,489 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 49.48% | 31.71% | 42.24% | 34.10% | 48.57% |
Portfolio turnover rate excluding mortgage dollar rolls | 49.48% | 31.71% | 41.50% | 33.59% | 39.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
f. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 0.67%.
YOUR ACCOUNT
The board of trustees has approved the termination of offering Class B shares. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. New or additional investments into Class B are not permitted. For Class B shares outstanding on February 28, 2005 and Class B shares acquired upon reinvestment of dividends, all Class B share attributes, including the associated Rule 12b-1 fee, contingent deferred sales charge and conversion features, will continue.Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C or Class R shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C or Class R share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C or Class R shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class B, Class C or Class R share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 4.25% or less | No initial sales charge | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below |
Deferred sales charge of 0.75% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | Deferred sales charge is not applicable | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C or R due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees (lower than Class C) |
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Class A, B, C & R
SALES CHARGES - Class A | ||
when you invest this amount | the sales charge makes up this % of the offering price 1 | which equals this % of your net investment 1 |
Under $100,000 | 4.25 | 4.44 |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.50 | 3.63 |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.50 | 2.56 |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 2.00 | 2.04 |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at www.franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds & Performance" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealer’s brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Fund’s transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds’ transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Fund’s transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 0.75% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C”).
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% per year to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class B | |
if you sell your shares within this
many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
There is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table above. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C"). After eight years, your Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class B has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.65% per year for the sale of Class B shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class B's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class C |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.65% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class R |
With Class R shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
Retirement Plans
Class R shares are available to the following investors:
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class R has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.50% per year for the sale of Class R shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class R's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see “Exchanging Shares”).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month.
For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representative’s firm or your bank’s trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Fund’s transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B or Class B1 shares; or (ii) Class C shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A or C shares, we will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B shares; or (2) Class C shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A, C & R
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
Buying Shares
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automatic Payroll Deduction
You may invest in the Fund automatically by transferring money from your paycheck to the Fund by electronic funds transfer. If you are interested, indicate on your application that you would like to receive an Automatic Payroll Deduction Program kit.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class B and C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
For retirement plans for which Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust is the trustee or custodian, special forms may be needed to receive distributions in cash. Please call (800) 527-2020 for information.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templeton’s electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds’ prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at
(800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund, we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see “Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® ” above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days or more.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A, B, C & R
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares held for less than six months, however, you may be charged the difference between the initial sales charge of the two funds if the difference is more than 0.25%. If you exchange shares from a money fund or another fund that does not have a sales charge, a sales charge may apply no matter how long you have held the shares.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
If you exchange your Class B shares for the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, the time your shares are held in that fund will count towards the eight-year period for automatic conversion to Class A shares.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the “Exchanging Shares” section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts. Exchanges also have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund discourages and does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares, often referred to as “market timing.” This type of trading activity can harm the Fund by, for example, interfering with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increasing the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
In addition, since the Fund invests significantly in foreign securities, it may be vulnerable to a form of short-term trading that is sometimes referred to as “time-zone arbitrage.” Time-zone arbitrage occurs when an investor seeks to take advantage of delays between changes in the value of a mutual fund’s portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in the fund’s net asset value per share. These delays are more likely to occur in the case of foreign investments, due to differences between the times during which the Fund’s international portfolio securities trade on foreign markets and the time as of which the Fund’s NAV is calculated (generally as of the close of the NYSE - please see “Calculating Share Price”). Time-zone arbitrage traders seek to purchase or redeem shares of a fund based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before calculation of the fund’s NAV. This can result in the value of the Fund’s shares being diluted. One of the objectives of the Fund’s fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibility of this type of arbitrage (please see "Valuation - Foreign Securities - Potential Impact of Time Zones and Market Holidays"); however, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of trading in Fund shares in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. The size of an investor's investments and redemptions in the Fund may also be a factor in evaluating a shareholder's trading patterns. If and when a pattern of short-term trading is identified, the transfer agent will seek to restrict or reject further short-term trading and/or take other action as described below, if in the judgment of the Fund manager or transfer agent such trading may be detrimental to the Fund.
If information regarding your trading activity in this Fund or in any other Franklin Templeton fund or non-Franklin Templeton fund is brought to the attention of the Fund's manager or transfer agent and based on that information the Fund or its manager or transfer agent in its sole discretion reasonably concludes that your pattern of trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the Fund may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investor's trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investor's trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, "Investment by asset allocators" in the SAI).
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (“omnibus accounts”). The Fund has entered into “information sharing agreements” with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediary’s customers that invest in the Fund. If the Fund’s transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agent’s monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediary’s customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A, B & C
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the fund’s liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each fund’s share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation – Individual Securities
The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation – Pass-Through Securities, CMO, ABS, MBS
Mortgage pass-through securities (such as Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac), other mortgage-backed securities (MBS), collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs) and asset-backed securities (ABS) generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from bond dealers, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services. The Fund’s pricing services use valuation models or matrix pricing to determine current value. In general, they use information with respect to comparable bond and note transactions, quotations from bond dealers or by reference to other securities that are considered comparable in such characteristics as rating, interest rate, maturity date, option adjusted spread models, prepayment projections, interest rate spreads and yield curves. Matrix pricing is considered a form of fair value pricing.
Security Valuation – Corporate Debt Securities
Corporate debt securities generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from bond dealers, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. The Fund’s pricing services may utilize independent quotations from bond dealers and bond market activity to determine current value.
Security Valuation – Senior Secured Corporate Loans
Senior secured corporate loans with floating or variable interest rates generally trade in the over-the-counter market rather than on a securities exchange. The Fund may value these portfolio securities by utilizing quotations from loan dealers and other financial institutions, information with respect to bond and note transactions and may rely on independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. These pricing services use independent market quotations from loan dealers or financial institutions and may incorporate valuation methodologies that incorporate multiple bond characteristics. These characteristics may include dealer quotes, issuer type, coupon, maturity, weighted average maturity, interest rate spreads and yield curves, cash flow and credit risk/quality analysis.
Security Valuation – Foreign Securities – Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A, B, C & R
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | |
Commission (%) | -- | -- | 1.00 1 | -- |
Investment under $100,000 | 4.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- | -- | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- | -- | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 0.75 2 | -- | -- | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 2 | 0.15 3 | 0.65 4 | 0.50 |
1. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.15% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
2. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
3. After eight years, Class B shares convert to Class A shares and dealers may then receive the 12b-1 fee applicable to Class A.
4. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.15% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 0.65% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Institutional Services | (800) 321-8563 | 6:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firm’s report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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2259 |
194 P 09/09 |
September 1, 2009 |
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The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
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Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
Class A, B, C, R & Advisor
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund
Class A, C, R & Advisor
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund
Class A, B, C, R & Advisor
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund
Class A, B, C, R & Advisor
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund
Class A, B, C, R & Advisor
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PROSPECTUS |
Franklin
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Contents |
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THE FUNDS |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests predominantly in equity securities of companies that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation. The Fund has the flexibility to invest in companies located, headquartered, or operating inside and outside the United States, across the entire market capitalization spectrum from small, emerging growth companies to well-established, large-cap companies.
A substantial portion of the Fund's investments may be in smaller and mid-size companies.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities.
In evaluating sector (broad industry) weightings in the Fund's investment portfolio, the manager considers, but may deviate from, the relative weightings of sectors in the Russell 3000 ® Growth Index. Consequently, the Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including electronic technology, technology services, biotechnology and health care technology).
The Fund invests predominantly in equity securities of companies across the entire market capitalization spectrum that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation.
Portfolio Selection
The manager uses fundamental, bottom-up research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The manager’s valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Stocks
Stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations), country risks (political, diplomatic, regional conflicts, terrorism, war, social and economic instability, and policies that have the effect of limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets), unfavorable trading practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, limited trading markets and greater price volatility. The risks of investing in foreign securities typically are greater in less developed or emerging market countries.
Sector Focus - Technology Companies
To the extent that the Fund has significant investments in one or a few sectors, from time to time, the Fund may carry greater risk of adverse developments in a sector than a fund that invests in a wide variety of sectors.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q4'99 | 56.36% |
Worst Quarter: | Q1'01 | -25.99% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -39.94% | -2.43% | 2.65% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -39.94% | -2.48% | 2.45% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -25.96% | -2.03% | 2.25% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -4.01% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index 5 | -38.44% | -3.42% | -4.27% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class B 2 | -39.26% | -2.38% | 2.63% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -4.01% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index 5 | -38.44% | -3.42% | -4.27% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class C 2 | -37.37% | -2.00% | 2.49% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -4.01% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index 5 | -38.44% | -3.42% | -4.27% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Class R 6 | -36.42% | -1.51% | 3.00% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -4.01% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index 5 | -3.44% | -3.42% | -4.27% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund - Advisor 7 | -36.10% | -1.05% | 3.37% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -4.01% |
Russell 1000 ® Growth Index 5 | -38.44% | -3.42% | -4.27% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was 8.74% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Russell 3000 ® Growth Index is market capitalization weighted and measures performance of those Russell 3000 Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
5. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Russell 1000 ® Growth Index is market capitalization weighted and measures performance of those Russell 1000 Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
6. Effective January 1, 2002, the Fund began offering Class R shares, which do not have initial sales charges. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to January 1, 2002, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge, reflecting the Rule 12b-1 rate differential between Class A and R; and (b) for periods after January 1, 2002, actual Class R performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
7. Effective August 2, 2004, the Fund began offering Advisor Class shares, which do not have sales charges or a Rule 12b-1 plan. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to August 2, 2004, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge but reflecting the effect of the Class A Rule 12b-1 fees; and (b) for periods after August 2, 2004, actual Advisor Class performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
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Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 2 | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 2 | None | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 3 | 4.00% 4 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges.
2. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
3. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
4. Declines to zero after six years.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
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Management fees 2 | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% | 0.46% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% | 0.30% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 1.02% | 1.77% | 1.77% | 1.27% | 0.77% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.01% | 1.76% | 1.76% | 1.26% | 0.76% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
2. Assumes conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares after eight years, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Herrmann has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
MATT MOBERG, CPA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Moberg has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2000, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1998.
RAYMOND CHAN, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Chan has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2000, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1996.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.46% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.45% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 45.77 | $ 45.15 | $ 42.45 | $ 35.26 | $ 33.76 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.03 | -0.05 | 0.06 | 0.11 | -0.10 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -13.28 | 1.43 | 2.70 | 7.08 | 1.60 |
Total from investment operations | -13.31 | 1.38 | 2.76 | 7.19 | 1.50 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | -0.02 | -0.06 | — | — |
Net realized gains | — | -0.74 | — | — | — |
Total distributions | — | -0.76 | -0.06 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 32.46 | $ 45.77 | $ 45.15 | $ 42.45 | $ 35.26 |
Total return e | -29.08% | 2.98% | 6.50% | 20.39% | 4.44% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.00% | 0.93% g | 0.96% | 0.93% | 0.96% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.08% | -0.10% | 0.15% | 0.27% | -0.29% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 1,370,025 | $ 2,011,348 | $ 1,977,605 | $ 2,070,364 | $ 1,505,342 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% | 66.63% | 41.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 0.94%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 42.66 | $ 42.43 | $ 40.14 | $ 33.59 | $ 32.40 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.29 | -0.37 | -0.23 | -0.19 | -0.35 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -12.33 | 1.34 | 2.52 | 6.74 | 1.54 |
Total from investment operations | -12.62 | 0.97 | 2.29 | 6.55 | 1.19 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | — | -0.74 | — | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 30.04 | $ 42.66 | $ 42.43 | $ 40.14 | $ 33.59 |
Total return e | -29.58% | 2.19% | 5.71% | 19.50% | 3.67% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.75% | 1.68% g | 1.71% | 1.68% | 1.70% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.83% | -0.85% | -0.60% | -0.48% | -1.03% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 42,485 | $ 95,600 | $ 118,806 | $ 143,477 | $ 136,052 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% | 66.63% | 41.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.69%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 42.76 | $ 42.52 | $ 40.22 | $ 33.66 | $ 32.47 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.28 | -0.37 | -0.23 | -0.18 | -0.35 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -12.38 | 1.35 | 2.53 | 6.74 | 1.54 |
Total from investment operations | -12.66 | 0.98 | 2.30 | 6.56 | 1.19 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | — | -0.74 | — | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 30.10 | $ 42.76 | $ 42.52 | $ 40.22 | $ 33.66 |
Total return e | -29.61% | 2.21% | 5.72% | 19.49% | 3.67% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.74% | 1.68% g | 1.69% | 1.68% | 1.71% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.82% | -0.85% | -0.58% | -0.48% | -1.04% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 243,308 | $ 375,822 | $ 371,164 | $ 388,478 | $ 296,868 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% | 66.63% | 41.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.69%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 45.10 | $ 44.61 | $ 42.01 | $ 34.98 | $ 33.57 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.04 | 0.01 | -0.19 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -13.07 | 1.41 | 2.66 | 7.02 | 1.60 |
Total from investment operations | -13.19 | 1.25 | 2.62 | 7.03 | 1.41 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | -0.02 | -0.02 | — | — |
Net realized gains | — | -0.74 | — | — | — |
Total distributions | — | -0.76 | -0.02 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 31.91 | $ 45.10 | $ 44.61 | $ 42.01 | $ 34.98 |
Total return e | -29.25% | 2.73% | 6.25% | 20.07% | 4.20% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.25% | 1.18% g | 1.21% | 1.18% | 1.21% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.33% | -0.35% | -0.10% | 0.02% | -0.54% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 43,940 | $ 66,250 | $ 81,398 | $ 91,229 | $ 69,103 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% | 66.63% | 41.91% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 1.19%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 46.15 | $ 45.41 | $ 42.63 | $ 35.32 | $ 33.35 |
Income from investment operations: b | |||||
Net investment income (loss) c | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.16 | 0.23 | -0.01 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -13.40 | 1.43 | 2.71 | 7.08 | 1.98 |
Total from investment operations | -13.33 | 1.50 | 2.87 | 7.31 | 1.97 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | -0.02 | -0.09 | — | — |
Net realized gains | — | -0.74 | — | — | — |
Total distributions | — | -0.76 | -0.09 | — | — |
Redemption fees d, e | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 32.82 | $ 46.15 | $ 45.41 | $ 42.63 | $ 35.32 |
Total return f | -28.88% | 3.23% | 6.77% | 20.67% | 5.91% |
Ratios to average net assets g | |||||
Expenses h | 0.75% | 0.68% i | 0.71% | 0.68% | 0.71% |
Net investment income (loss) | 0.17% | 0.15% | 0.40% | 0.52% | -0.04% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 364,798 | $ 348,245 | $ 297,856 | $ 209,680 | $ 71,193 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 35.95% | 36.70% | 62.54% | 66.63% | 41.91% |
a. For the period August 2, 2004 (effective date) to April 30, 2005.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
f. Total return is not annualized for periods less than one year.
g. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
h. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
i. Ratio of expenses to average net assets before waiver and payments by affiliates was 0.69%.
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation. The Fund's investment goal is non-fundamental and therefore may be changed by the Fund's board of trustees without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to the Fund's investment goal.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest at least 80% of its net assets in equity securities. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days advance notice of any change to the 80% policy. The Fund will invest primarily in equity securities of large capitalization companies, which are companies similar in size to those in the S&P 500 ® Index. That index consists of 500 leading companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy, with a market capitalization in excess of $3 billion as of June 30, 2009.
The Fund will generally seek to maintain a portfolio consisting of securities of approximately 30-40 companies. The Fund also may invest up to 25% of its total assets in foreign securities.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. Common stocks, preferred stocks and convertible securities are examples of equity securities. Convertible securities generally are debt securities or preferred stock that may be converted into common stock after certain time periods or under certain circumstances.
The Fund generally invests in the equity securities of a select group of companies.
Portfolio Selection
The manager is a research-driven, bottom-up fundamental investor. The manager’s investment approach is opportunistic and contrarian, and it seeks to identify mis-priced companies using fundamental analysis. The manager seeks to take advantage of price dislocations that result from the market’s short term focus. Its analysis includes the investigation of the valuation for each investment based upon the view that the price payoff the security is a critical factor determining long-term success. The manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and use both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies. The analysts identify each company’s market opportunity, competitive position, management and financial strength, business and financial risks, and valuation. The manager chooses to invest in those companies that, in its opinion, offer the best trade-off between growth opportunity, business and financial risk, and valuation.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund) and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Stocks
Stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money.
Core Style Investing
The Fund may have investments in both growth and value stocks, or in stocks with characteristics of both. Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Value stock prices are considered "cheap" relative to the company's perceived value and are often out of favor with other investors. However, if other investors fail to recognize the company's value (and do not become buyers, or become sellers), or favor investing in faster-growing companies, value stocks may not increase in value as anticipated by the manager or may decline even further.
There is additional risk with this Fund because it has a fairly concentrated portfolio and invests in a relatively smaller number of companies. Thus, for example, poor performance by several Fund holdings could adversely affect Fund performance more than a fund that holds a larger number of companies.
Sector Focus
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in the securities of companies involved in a specific sector. By focusing on a particular sector from time to time, the Fund carries greater risk of adverse developments in that sector than a fund that always invests in a wide variety of sectors.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and affect its share price.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their values may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund’s investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund’s investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Availability of information. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This information gives some indication of the risks of investing in the Fund by comparing the Fund's performance with a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q2'08 | 0.99% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -26.92% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year |
Since Inception
(12/13/07) |
|
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class A 2 | ||
Return Before Taxes | -47.83% | -45.63% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -48.06% | -45.85% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -30.92% | -38.75% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -35.81% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year |
Since Inception
(12/13/07) |
|
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class C 2 | -45.53% | -42.83% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -35.81% |
1 Year |
Since Inception
(12/13/07) |
|
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Class R | -44.70% | -42.54% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -35.81% |
1 Year |
Since Inception
(12/13/07) |
|
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund - Advisor Class | -44.54% | -42.33% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -35.81% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was 19.56% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 1 | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 1 | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 2 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
2. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% | 0.75% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.28% | 0.96% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses
(including administration fees) |
2.98% | 2.98% | 2.98% | 2.98% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 4.03% | 4.71% | 4.25% | 3.75% |
Management and administration fee reduction 2 | -2.84% | -2.84% | -2.84% | -2.84% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.19% | 1.87% | 1.41% | 0.91% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The investment manager and administrator have contractually agreed to waive or limit their respective fees and to assume as their own expense certain expenses otherwise payable by the Fund so that common expenses (i.e., a combination of investment management fees, fund administration fees, and other expenses, but excluding Rule 12b-1 fees and acquired fund fees and expenses) for each class of the Fund do not exceed 0.89% (other than certain non-routine expenses or costs, including those relating to litigation, indemnification, reorganizations, and liquidations) until August 31, 2010. The manager also had agreed in advance to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
STEVEN KORNFELD, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Kornfeld has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2001.
BRENT LODER Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Loder has been a manager of the Fund since September 2009, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. Prior to joining Franklin Templeton Investments in 2006, he worked as an associate at Blum Capital Partners where he helped evaluate, execute and monitor investments in both public and private companies. Previously, Mr. Loder worked at Morgan Stanley as an analyst in corporate finance and mergers and acquisitions.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisors a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any advance waiver, were 0.75% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to limit its fees and to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund did not pay any fees to the manager for its services. [As required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission, the manager has agreed to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | |
2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.69 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||
Net investment income c | 0.06 | 0.03 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.36 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | -2.30 | -1.31 |
Less distributions from: | ||
Net investment income | -0.10 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.02 | — |
Total distributions | -0.12 | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.27 | $ 8.69 |
Total return d | -26.07% | -13.10% |
Ratios to average net assets e | ||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 3.99% | 5.48% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.17% | 1.22% |
Net investment income | 0.91% | 0.91% |
Supplemental data | ||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 4,889 | $ 4,652 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
e. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | |
2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.67 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||
Net investment income c | — d | 0.01 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.33 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | -2.33 | -1.33 |
Less distributions from: | ||
Net investment income | -0.08 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.02 | — |
Total distributions | -0.10 | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.24 | $ 8.67 |
Total return e | -26.56% | -13.30% |
Ratios to average net assets f | ||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 4.67% | 6.11% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.85% | 1.85% |
Net investment income | 0.23% | 0.28% |
Supplemental data | ||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 106 | $ 41 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
f. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | |
2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.68 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||
Net investment income c | 0.05 | 0.03 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.36 | -1.35 |
Total from investment operations | -2.31 | -1.32 |
Less distributions from: | ||
Net investment income | -0.08 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.02 | — |
Total distributions | -0.10 | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.27 | $ 8.68 |
Total return d | -26.30% | -13.20% |
Ratios to average net assets e | ||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 4.21% | 5.65% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 1.39% | 1.39% |
Net investment income | 0.69% | 0.74% |
Supplemental data | ||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 6 | $ 9 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
e. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | |
2009 | 2008 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.70 | $ 10.00 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||
Net investment income c | 0.08 | 0.04 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.37 | -1.34 |
Total from investment operations | -2.29 | -1.30 |
Less distributions from: | ||
Net investment income | -0.11 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.02 | — |
Total distributions | -0.13 | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.28 | $ 8.70 |
Total return d | -25.93% | -13.00% |
Ratios to average net assets e | ||
Expenses before waiver and payments by affiliates | 3.71% | 5.15% |
Expenses net of waiver and payments by affiliates | 0.89% | 0.89% |
Net investment income | 1.19% | 1.24% |
Supplemental data | ||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 167 | $ 171 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 83.29% | 35.64% |
a. For the period December 13, 2007 (commencement of operations) to April 30, 2008.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Total return is not annualized for periods less than one year.
e. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is capital appreciation.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests substantially in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above-average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
The Fund invests in companies that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities. A substantial portion of the Fund's investments is in smaller and midsize companies. In addition, a small portion of the Fund's assets may be invested in foreign securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including electronic technology, technology services, biotechnology and health care technology).
The Fund invests substantially in companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above-average growth or growth potential.
Portfolio Selection
The manager uses fundamental, bottom-up research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The manager’s valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Stocks
Stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Sector Focus - Technology Companies
To the extent that the Fund has significant investments in one or a few sectors, from time to time, the Fund may carry greater risk of adverse developments in a sector than a fund that invests in a wide variety of sectors.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Portfolio Turnover
Because of the Fund's growth strategy, the Fund's portfolio turnover rate may be higher than that of other mutual funds. High portfolio turnover may involve additional expenses to the Fund, including transaction costs for purchases and sales of securities.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations), country risks (political, diplomatic, regional conflicts, terrorism, war, social and economic instability, and policies that have the effect of limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets), unfavorable trading practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, limited trading markets and greater price volatility.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 31.99% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'00 | -36.90% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(6/23/99) |
|
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -43.52% | -1.03% | 2.25% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -43.52% | -1.03% | 2.15% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -28.29% | -0.87% | 1.89% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -2.52% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -5.06% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(6/23/99) |
|
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class B 2 | -42.92% | -0.96% | 2.33% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -2.52% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -5.06% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(6/23/99) |
|
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class C 2 | -41.14% | -0.56% | 2.19% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -2.52% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -5.06% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(6/23/99) |
|
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Class R 5 | -40.19% | -0.05% | 2.68% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -2.52% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -5.06% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(6/23/99) |
|
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund - Advisor | -39.88% | 0.46% | 3.21% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -2.52% |
Russell 3000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.44% | -3.33% | -5.06% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was -14.36% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Russell 3000 ® Growth Index is market capitalization weighted and measures performance of those Russell 3000 Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
5. Effective January 1, 2002, the Fund began offering Class R shares, which do not have initial sales charges. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to January 1, 2002, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge, reflecting the Rule 12b-1 rate differential between Class A and R; and (b) for periods after January 1, 2002, actual Class R performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 2 | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 2 | None | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 3 | 4.00% 4 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges.
2. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
3. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
4. Declines to zero after six years.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.28% | 0.98% | 0.99% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses
(including administration fees) |
0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 1.34% | 2.04% | 2.05% | 1.56% | 1.06% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.33% | 2.03% | 2.04% | 1.55% | 1.05% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
2. Assumes conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares after eight years, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
GRANT BOWERS Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Bowers has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 2007. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1993.
CONRAD B. HERRMANN, CFA Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Herrmann has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1989.
RAYMOND CHAN, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Chan has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2006, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1996.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund’s assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.50% of the Fund’s average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.49% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund’s board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 20.06 | $ 18.54 | $ 18.30 | $ 13.33 | $ 12.57 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.14 | -0.15 | -0.12 | -0.15 | -0.14 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -6.04 | 1.67 | 0.36 | 5.12 | 0.90 |
Total from investment operations | -6.18 | 1.52 | 0.24 | 4.97 | 0.76 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 13.88 | $ 20.06 | $ 18.54 | $ 18.30 | $ 13.33 |
Total return e | -30.81% | 8.20% | 1.31% | 37.28% | 6.05% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.32% | 1.27% | 1.38% | 1.39% | 1.51% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.89% | -0.77% | -0.70% | -0.92% | -1.05% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 99,939 | $ 137,313 | $ 105,407 | $ 113,713 | $ 80,611 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% | 183.31% | 157.48% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Class B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 18.95 | $ 17.64 | $ 17.53 | $ 12.87 | $ 12.22 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.24 | -0.28 | -0.23 | -0.26 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -5.69 | 1.59 | 0.34 | 4.92 | 0.88 |
Total from investment operations | -5.93 | 1.31 | 0.11 | 4.66 | 0.65 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 13.02 | $ 18.95 | $ 17.64 | $ 17.53 | $ 12.87 |
Total return e | -31.29% | 7.43% | 0.63% | 36.21% | 5.32% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 2.02% | 1.99% | 2.08% | 2.13% | 2.21% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.59% | -1.49% | -1.40% | -1.66% | -1.75% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 5,124 | $ 11,528 | $ 15,638 | $ 19,508 | $ 17,017 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% | 183.31% | 157.48% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 18.91 | $ 17.61 | $ 17.49 | $ 12.84 | $ 12.19 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.23 | -0.28 | -0.23 | -0.26 | -0.23 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -5.69 | 1.58 | 0.35 | 4.91 | 0.88 |
Total from investment operations | -5.92 | 1.30 | 0.12 | 4.65 | 0.65 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 12.99 | $ 18.91 | $ 17.61 | $ 17.49 | $ 12.84 |
Total return e | -31.31% | 7.38% | 0.69% | 36.21% | 5.33% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 2.03% | 1.99% | 2.09% | 2.14% | 2.22% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.60% | -1.49% | -1.41% | -1.67% | -1.76% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 27,519 | $ 40,253 | $ 31,518 | $ 31,167 | $ 24,450 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% | 183.31% | 157.48% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 19.80 | $ 18.33 | $ 18.12 | $ 13.24 | $ 12.51 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.17 | -0.20 | -0.16 | -0.19 | -0.17 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -5.96 | 1.67 | 0.37 | 5.07 | 0.90 |
Total from investment operations | -6.13 | 1.47 | 0.21 | 4.88 | 0.73 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 13.67 | $ 19.80 | $ 18.33 | $ 18.12 | $ 13.24 |
Total return e | -30.96% | 8.02% | 1.16% | 36.86% | 5.84% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.54% | 1.49% | 1.59% | 1.64% | 1.72% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.11% | -0.99% | -0.91% | -1.17% | -1.26% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 7,320 | $ 7,863 | $ 7,413 | $ 5,171 | $ 3,041 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% | 183.31% | 157.48% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 20.60 | $ 18.99 | $ 18.68 | $ 13.58 | $ 12.77 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.10 | -0.10 | -0.07 | -0.11 | -0.10 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -6.20 | 1.71 | 0.38 | 5.21 | 0.91 |
Total from investment operations | -6.30 | 1.61 | 0.31 | 5.10 | 0.81 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 14.30 | $ 20.60 | $ 18.99 | $ 18.68 | $ 13.58 |
Total return | -30.58% | 8.48% | 1.66% | 37.56% | 6.34% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 1.04% | 0.99% | 1.09% | 1.14% | 1.22% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.61% | -0.49% | -0.41% | -0.67% | -0.76% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 141,010 | $ 101,885 | $ 85,486 | $ 36,744 | $ 22,731 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 90.24% | 133.58% | 176.15% | 183.31% | 157.48% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is long-term capital growth.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small cap companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
For this Fund, small cap companies are companies with market capitalizations not exceeding (i) $1.5 billion or (ii) the highest market capitalization in the Russell 2000 ® Index, whichever is greater, at the time of purchase. That index consists of 2,000 small companies that have publicly traded securities, and its largest company had a market capitalization of $2.284 billion as of June 30, 2009. Market capitalization is defined as share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. The manager may continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the company's market capitalization exceeds these small cap measures.
In addition to the Fund's main investments, the Fund may invest in equity securities of larger companies. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
The Fund may invest a small portion of its assets in foreign securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as electronic technology.
The Fund invests most of its assets in common stocks of small cap U.S. companies.
Portfolio Selection
The manager uses fundamental, bottom-up research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The manager’s valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Stocks
Stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Initial Public Offerings
Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or may be available only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Fund's size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Fund's performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on the Fund's performance in the past, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future.
Sector Focus - Technology Companies
To the extent that the Fund has significant investments in one or a few sectors, from time to time, the Fund may carry greater risk of adverse developments in a sector than a fund that invests in a wide variety of sectors.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements and have been volatile, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology companies face the risks that new equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and may include, among others, currency risks (fluctuations in currency exchange rates and currency devaluations), country risks (political, diplomatic, regional conflicts, terrorism, war, social and economic instability, and policies that have the effect of limiting or restricting foreign investment or the movement of assets), unfavorable trading practices, less government supervision, less publicly available information, limited trading markets and greater price volatility.
Liquidity
Reduced liquidity affecting an individual security or an entire market may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q4'01 | 26.86% |
Worst Quarter: | Q3'01 | -25.98% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(5/1/00) |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -44.51% | -6.15% | -2.88% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -44.69% | -7.06% | -3.42% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -28.87% | -4.77% | -2.20% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -3.65% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.54% | -2.35% | -4.70% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(5/1/00) |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class B 2 | -43.89% | -6.05% | -2.86% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -3.65% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.54% | -2.35% | -4.70% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(5/1/00) |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class C 2 | -42.12% | -5.75% | -2.91% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -3.65% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.54% | -2.35% | -4.70% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(5/1/00) |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Class R 5 | -41.28% | -5.29% | -2.45% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -3.65% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.54% | -2.35% | -4.70% |
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(5/1/00) |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund - Advisor | -40.96% | -4.81% | -1.93% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -3.65% |
Russell 2000 ® Growth Index 4 | -38.54% | -2.35% | -4.70% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was -17.36% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Russell 2000 ® Growth Index is market capitalization weighted and measures performance of those Russell 2000 companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The index is unmanaged and includes reinvested dividends. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
5. Effective January 1, 2002, the Fund began offering Class R shares, which do not have initial sales charges. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to January 1, 2002, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge, reflecting the Rule 12b-1 rate differential between Class A and R; and (b) for periods after January 1, 2002, actual Class R performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 2 | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 2 | None | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 3 | 4.00% 4 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges.
2. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
3. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
4. Declines to zero after six years.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% | 0.55% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.30% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses
(including administration fees) |
0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% | 0.50% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 1.36% | 2.06% | 2.06% | 1.56% | 1.06% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.35% | 2.05% | 2.05% | 1.55% | 1.05% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
2. Assumes conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares after eight years, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCarthy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception and assumed duties of lead portfolio manager of the Fund in 2004. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund and has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
BRAD CARRIS Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Carris has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2001.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees before any reductions, were 0.55% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.54% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.09 | $ 13.05 | $ 13.90 | $ 10.63 | $ 10.55 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.08 | -0.09 | -0.10 | -0.08 | -0.09 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.53 | -1.59 | 0.58 | 3.35 | 0.17 |
Total from investment operations | -2.61 | -1.68 | 0.48 | 3.27 | 0.08 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.41 | $ 9.09 | $ 13.05 | $ 13.90 | $ 10.63 |
Total return e | -28.54% | -14.73% | 4.02% | 30.76% | 0.76% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.34% | 1.17% | 1.20% | 1.16% | 1.15% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.07% | -0.72% | -0.77% | -0.61% | -0.84% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 123,037 | $ 274,142 | $ 549,733 | $ 693,084 | $ 765,216 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% | 44.34% | 46.35% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.43 | $ 12.35 | $ 13.32 | $ 10.26 | $ 10.27 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.18 | -0.16 | -0.17 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.35 | -1.48 | 0.54 | 3.22 | 0.16 |
Total from investment operations | -2.47 | -1.64 | 0.36 | 3.06 | -0.01 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.35 | $ 13.32 | $ 10.26 |
Total return e | -29.11% | -15.27% | 3.27% | 29.82% | -0.10% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 2.04% | 1.92% | 1.96% | 1.91% | 1.91% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.77% | -1.47% | -1.53% | -1.36% | -1.60% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 15,159 | $ 52,465 | $ 85,684 | $ 111,458 | $ 105,070 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% | 44.34% | 46.35% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.43 | $ 12.36 | $ 13.33 | $ 10.27 | $ 10.27 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.12 | -0.16 | -0.18 | -0.16 | -0.17 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.35 | -1.49 | 0.54 | 3.22 | 0.17 |
Total from investment operations | -2.47 | -1.65 | 0.36 | 3.06 | — |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 5.89 | $ 8.43 | $ 12.36 | $ 13.33 | $ 10.27 |
Total return e | -29.11% | -15.35% | 3.27% | 29.80% | —% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 2.04% | 1.92% | 1.95% | 1.92% | 1.91% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.77% | -1.47% | -1.52% | -1.37% | -1.60% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 40,180 | $ 75,846 | $ 120,900 | $ 170,159 | $ 164,117 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% | 44.34% | 46.35% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 8.91 | $ 12.86 | $ 13.75 | $ 10.54 | $ 10.49 |
Income from investment operations: | |||||
Net investment income (loss) a | -0.09 | -0.11 | -0.13 | -0.11 | -0.12 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.49 | -1.56 | 0.57 | 3.32 | 0.17 |
Total from investment operations | -2.58 | -1.67 | 0.44 | 3.21 | 0.05 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 | — | — |
Redemption fees b, c | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.26 | $ 8.91 | $ 12.86 | $ 13.75 | $ 10.54 |
Total return d | -28.78% | -14.87% | 3.77% | 30.46% | 0.48% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 1.54% | 1.42% | 1.46% | 1.42% | 1.41% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.27% | -0.97% | -1.03% | -0.87% | -1.10% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 1,912 | $ 3,166 | $ 5,759 | $ 6,328 | $ 4,392 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% | 44.34% | 46.35% |
a. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
b. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
c. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
d. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 9.37 | $ 13.34 | $ 14.15 | $ 10.79 | $ 10.69 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.06 | -0.05 | -0.07 | -0.05 | -0.07 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -2.61 | -1.64 | 0.59 | 3.41 | 0.17 |
Total from investment operations | -2.67 | -1.69 | 0.52 | 3.36 | 0.10 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.07 | -2.28 | -1.33 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 6.63 | $ 9.37 | $ 13.34 | $ 14.15 | $ 10.79 |
Total return | -28.32% | -14.46% | 4.24% | 31.14% | 0.94% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 1.04% | 0.92% | 0.96% | 0.92% | 0.91% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.77% | -0.47% | -0.53% | -0.37% | -0.60% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 57,957 | $ 220,857 | $ 325,425 | $ 326,475 | $ 235,101 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 43.04% | 48.52% | 51.49% | 44.34% | 46.35% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is long-term capital growth.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity securities of small cap and mid cap companies. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
For this Fund, small cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2500™ Index, at the time of purchase, and mid cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell Midcap ® Index, at the time of purchase. Russell 2500™ Index largest company had a market capitalization of $4.244 billion and the largest company for the Russell Midcap ® Index had a market capitalization of $13.002 billion. Market capitalization is defined as share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. In most instances, the manager intends to continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the company's market capitalization exceeds the small or mid cap measures described above.
In addition to the Fund's main investments, the Fund may invest in equity securities of larger companies. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities.
The Fund, from time to time, may have significant positions in particular sectors such as technology (including health care technology and electronic technology).
The Fund invests most of its assets in common stocks of mid and small cap U.S. companies.
Portfolio Selection
The manager uses fundamental, bottom-up research to seek companies meeting its criteria of growth potential, quality and valuation. In seeking sustainable growth characteristics, the manager looks for companies it believes can produce sustainable earnings and cash flow growth, evaluating the long-term market opportunity and competitive structure of an industry to target leaders and emerging leaders. The manager defines quality companies as those with strong and improving competitive positions in attractive markets. The manager also believes important attributes of quality are experienced and talented management teams as well as financial strength reflected in the capital structure, gross and operating margins, free cash flow generation and returns on capital employed. The manager’s valuation analysis includes a range of potential outcomes based on an assessment of multiple scenarios. In assessing value, the manager considers whether security prices fully reflect the balance of the sustainable growth opportunities relative to business and financial risks.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares (including shares of an affiliated money market fund), high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Stocks
Stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller and Midsize Companies
While smaller and midsize companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller and midsize company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller and midsize companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller and midsize companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller and midsize companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Sector Focus - Technology Companies
To the extent that the Fund has significant investments in one or a few sectors, from time to time, the Fund may carry greater risk of adverse developments in a sector than a fund that invests in a wide variety of sectors.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology and technology services companies face the risks that new services, equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Technology company stocks can be subject to abrupt or erratic price movements and have been volatile, especially over the short term, due to the rapid pace of product change and development affecting such companies. Technology companies are subject to significant competitive pressures, such as new market entrants, aggressive pricing, and tight profit margins. Prices of technology company stocks often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies. Electronic technology companies face the risks that new equipment or technologies will not be accepted by consumers and businesses or will become rapidly obsolete. The biotechnology and health technology industries are subject to extensive government regulation. These industries will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process, which would, if enacted, affect the biotechnology and health technology industries.
Liquidity
Reduced liquidity affecting an individual security or an entire market may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q4'99 | 59.78% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -26.27% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -45.82% | -4.06% | 1.08% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -45.85% | -4.73% | 0.65% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -29.75% | -3.04% | 1.10% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index 4 | -44.32% | -2.33% | -0.19% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years |
Since Inception
(7/1/02) |
|
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class B 2 | -45.21% | -3.94% | 0.31% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | 0.51% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index 4 | -44.32% | -2.33% | 2.13% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class C 2 | -43.50% | -3.63% | 0.93% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index 4 | -44.32% | -2.33% | -0.19% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Class R 5 | -42.66% | -3.15% | 1.42% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index 4 | -44.32% | -2.33% | -0.19% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund - Advisor | -42.34% | -2.66% | 1.94% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
Russell Midcap ® Growth Index 4 | -44.32% | -2.33% | -0.19% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was 14.83% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor's 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Russell Midcap Growth Index is market capitalization weighted and measures performance of those Russell Midcap Index companies with higher price-to-book ratios and higher forecasted growth values. The index is unmanaged and includes reinvested dividends. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
5. Effective January 1, 2002, the Fund began offering Class R shares, which do not have initial sales charges. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to January 1, 2002, a restated figure is used based on the Fund's Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A's maximum initial sales charge, reflecting the Rule 12b-1 rate differential between Class A and R; and (b) for periods after January 1, 2002, actual Class R performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class B 1 | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 2 | 4.00% | 1.00% | None | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 2 | None | None | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 3 | 4.00% 4 | 1.00% | None | None |
1. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges.
2. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
3. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
4. Declines to zero after six years.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% | 0.45% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | 1.00% | 1.00% | 0.50% | None |
Other expenses | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.39% | 0.39% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% | 0.02% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 1.11% | 1.86% | 1.86% | 1.36% | 0.86% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.10% | 1.85% | 1.85% | 1.35% | 0.85% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. The reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
2. Assumes conversion of Class B shares to Class A shares after eight years, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in equity securities of companies demonstrating accelerating growth, increasing profitability, or above average growth or growth potential as compared with the overall economy. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
EDWARD B. JAMIESON President, Chief Investment Officer and Director of Advisers
Mr. Jamieson has been the lead portfolio manager of the Fund since its inception. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1987.
MICHAEL MCCARTHY Senior Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCarthy has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1993, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
JAMES CROSS Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Cross has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2005, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities, and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1998.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.46% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.45% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 32.70 | $ 41.54 | $ 40.42 | $ 31.31 | $ 29.69 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.11 | -0.19 | -0.13 | — c | -0.08 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -10.19 | -1.93 | 4.09 | 9.15 | 1.70 |
Total from investment operations | -10.30 | -2.12 | 3.96 | 9.15 | 1.62 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | -0.04 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | — | — |
Total distributions | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | -0.04 | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.34 | $ 32.70 | $ 41.54 | $ 40.42 | $ 31.31 |
Total return e | -31.46% | -6.24% | 10.38% | 29.21% | 5.46% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.08% | 1.02% | 0.98% | 0.96% | 0.97% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.45% | -0.50% | -0.33% | — % g | -0.27% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 2,195,975 | $ 4,331,657 | $ 5,619,694 | $ 6,532,284 | $ 6,636,792 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% | 39.84% | 42.96% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
g. Rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS B | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 31.00 | $ 40.00 | $ 39.31 | $ 30.65 | $ 29.28 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.29 | -0.46 | -0.40 | -0.27 | -0.31 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -9.64 | -1.82 | 3.93 | 8.93 | 1.68 |
Total from investment operations | -9.93 | -2.28 | 3.53 | 8.66 | 1.37 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 21.01 | $ 31.00 | $ 40.00 | $ 39.31 | $ 30.65 |
Total return e | -31.99% | -6.92% | 9.53% | 28.25% | 4.68% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.83% | 1.77% | 1.73% | 1.71% | 1.72% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.20% | -1.25% | -1.08% | -0.75% | -1.02% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 13,399 | $ 25,457 | $ 32,570 | $ 36,911 | $ 31,733 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% | 39.84% | 42.76% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 29.92 | $ 38.85 | $ 38.25 | $ 29.82 | $ 28.49 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.27 | -0.45 | -0.39 | -0.26 | -0.31 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -9.30 | -1.76 | 3.83 | 8.69 | 1.64 |
Total from investment operations | -9.57 | -2.21 | 3.44 | 8.43 | 1.33 |
Less distributions from net realized gains | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | — | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 20.29 | $ 29.92 | $ 38.85 | $ 38.25 | $ 29.82 |
Total return e | -31.94% | -6.94% | 9.56% | 28.27% | 4.67% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.83% | 1.77% | 1.72% | 1.71% | 1.72% |
Net investment income (loss) | -1.20% | -1.25% | -1.07% | -0.75% | -1.02% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 285,597 | $ 523,040 | $ 653,529 | $ 728,710 | $ 654,549 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% | 39.84% | 42.96% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS R | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 32.06 | $ 40.96 | $ 39.98 | $ 31.04 | $ 29.50 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.17 | -0.29 | -0.23 | -0.08 | -0.15 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -9.98 | -1.89 | 4.05 | 9.04 | 1.69 |
Total from investment operations | -10.15 | -2.18 | 3.82 | 8.96 | 1.54 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | -0.02 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | — | — |
Total distributions | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | -0.02 | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 21.85 | $ 32.06 | $ 40.96 | $ 39.98 | $ 31.04 |
Total return e | -31.62% | -6.48% | 10.11% | 28.88% | 5.22% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.33% | 1.27% | 1.23% | 1.21% | 1.22% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.70% | -0.75% | -0.58% | -0.25% | -0.52% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 54,180 | $ 94,334 | $ 118,387 | $ 93,916 | $ 54,139 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% | 39.84% | 42.96% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 33.43 | $ 42.22 | $ 40.93 | $ 31.71 | $ 29.99 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.05 | -0.10 | -0.03 | 0.10 | — c |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -10.42 | -1.97 | 4.16 | 9.26 | 1.72 |
Total from investment operations | -10.47 | -2.07 | 4.13 | 9.36 | 1.72 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | — | — | -0.14 | — |
Net realized gains | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | — | — |
Total distributions | -0.06 | -6.72 | -2.84 | -0.14 | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.90 | $ 33.43 | $ 42.22 | $ 40.93 | $ 31.71 |
Total return | -31.28% | -6.00% | 10.65% | 29.55% | 5.74% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 0.83% | 0.77% | 0.73% | 0.71% | 0.72% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.20% | -0.25% | -0.08% | 0.25% | -0.02% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 498,207 | $ 812,503 | $ 803,365 | $ 794,395 | $ 347,518 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 54.86% | 55.09% | 52.76% | 39.84% | 42.96% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Additional Management Information
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees' approving the investment management contract of the Fund (hereinafter "the Fund") is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.
In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys’ fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds that were named in the litigation as defendants have since been dismissed, as have the independent trustees to those funds.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.’s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
The Fund has qualified to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay an income dividend at least annually from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be distributed at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gain distribution. Your income dividend and capital gain distribution will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive cash payments.
Annual statements. Shortly after the end of each calendar year, you will receive a statement that shows the tax status of distributions you received the previous year, including, for U.S. investors, the amount of any qualified dividend income subject to tax at capital gains rates, and, for non-U.S. investors, the amount of your ordinary dividends that are exempt from nonresident alien withholding taxes because they are interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Distributions declared in December but paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend." If you invest in the Fund shortly before it makes a distribution, you may receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. For example, if you buy 500 shares in the Fund on December 10th at the Fund's NAV of $10 per share, and the Fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the Fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest the $1 per share distribution in additional Fund shares.
Tax Considerations
In general, if you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. A portion of the income dividends paid to you by the Fund may be qualified dividends subject to taxation at the long-term capital gain rates. In general, income dividends from portfolio investments in the stock of domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations are subject to tax at favorable long-term capital gain rates. Income dividends from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities and dividends received from unqualified foreign corporations continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates. Distributions of qualified dividends are eligible for these reduced rates of taxation only if you own your shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date of any dividend. The reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividends are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Distributions of capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your shares. Long-term capital gain distributions to individuals qualify for the 15% tax rate. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the tax rate is 0% on distributions of net capital gains realized by the Fund or on net capital gains that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares in calendar years 2008 through 2010. These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, you may realize a capital gain or loss. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund is the same as a sale, and will normally generate a gain or loss that will be reported to you in your year-end tax information. An exchange of your shares in one class in the Fund for shares of another class in the same Fund is not a taxable event, and no gain or loss will be reported on such a transaction.
If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any gains reportable on the sale of your shares will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on capital gains as discussed above.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your shares. The Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) instructs it to do so.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, if any, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate on all Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may also be subject to U.S. estate tax on their investment in the Fund. They also have special certification requirements that, if not met, can subject them to backup withholding on any dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds that they receive from the Fund. Each of these subjects is discussed in greater detail in the “Distributions and Taxes – Non-U.S. investors” section of the SAI.
Exemptions from withholding of U.S. tax are currently provided for the following distributions when paid by the Fund to nonresident alien investors:
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
YOUR ACCOUNT
The board of trustees has approved the termination of offering Class B shares. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. New or additional investments into Class B are not permitted. For Class B shares outstanding on February 28, 2005 and Class B shares acquired upon reinvestment of dividends, all Class B share attributes, including the associated Rule 12b-1 fee, contingent deferred sales charge and conversion features, will continue.Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C or Class R shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C or Class R share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C or Class R shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class B, Class C or Class R share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Class R | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 5.75% or less | No initial sales charge | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below. |
Deferred sales charge of 1% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | Deferred sales charge is not applicable | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C or R due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees (lower than Class C) |
Focused Core Equity Fund began offering shares on December 13, 2007.
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Class A, B, C & R
SALES CHARGES - Class A | ||
when you invest this amount | the sales charge makes up this % of the offering price 1 | which equals this % of your net investment 1 |
Under $50,000 | 5.75 | 6.10 |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 4.50 | 4.71 |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.50 | 3.63 |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.50 | 2.56 |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 2.00 | 2.04 |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at www.franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds & Performance" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealer’s brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Fund’s transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds’ transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Fund’s transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 1% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see “Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C”).
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.30% per year and Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.25% per year, to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class B | |
if you sell your shares within this
many years after buying them |
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
There is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table above. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C"). After eight years, your Class B shares automatically convert to Class A shares, lowering your annual expenses from that time on.
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class B has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class B shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class B's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class C |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class R |
With Class R shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
Retirement Plans
Class R shares are available to the following investors:
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class R has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 0.50% per year for the sale of Class R shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class R's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see “Exchanging Shares”).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month.
For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representative’s firm or your bank’s trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Fund’s transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B or Class B1 shares; or (ii) Class C shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A or C shares, we will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B shares; or (2) Class C shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A, C & R
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
Buying Shares
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automatic Payroll Deduction
You may invest in the Fund automatically by transferring money from your paycheck to the Fund by electronic funds transfer. If you are interested, indicate on your application that you would like to receive an Automatic Payroll Deduction Program kit.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class B and C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
For retirement plans for which Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust is the trustee or custodian, special forms may be needed to receive distributions in cash. Please call (800) 527-2020 for information.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templeton’s electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds’ prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at
(800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund, we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see “Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® ” above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days or more.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A, B, C & R
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares held for less than six months, however, you may be charged the difference between the initial sales charge of the two funds if the difference is more than 0.25%. If you exchange shares from a money fund or another fund that does not have a sales charge, a sales charge may apply no matter how long you have held the shares.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
If you exchange your Class B shares for the same class of shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, the time your shares are held in that fund will count towards the eight-year period for automatic conversion to Class A shares.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the “Exchanging Shares” section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts. Exchanges also have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund discourages and does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares, often referred to as “market timing.” This type of trading activity can harm the Fund by, for example, interfering with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increasing the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are, or may be, restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid ("relatively illiquid securities"), it may be particularly vulnerable to arbitrage short-term trading. Such arbitrage traders may seek to take advantage of a possible differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those relatively illiquid securities that are used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the latest indications of market values for those securities. One of the objectives of the Fund’s fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibilities of this type of arbitrage (please see "Fair Valuation - Individual Securities"); however, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of trading in Fund shares in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. The size of an investor's investments and redemptions in the Fund may also be a factor in evaluating a shareholder's trading patterns. If and when a pattern of short-term trading is identified, the transfer agent will seek to restrict or reject further short-term trading and/or take other action as described below, if in the judgment of the Fund manager or transfer agent such trading may be detrimental to the Fund.
If information regarding your trading activity in this Fund or in any other Franklin Templeton fund or non-Franklin Templeton fund is brought to the attention of the Fund's manager or transfer agent and based on that information the Fund or its manager or transfer agent in its sole discretion reasonably concludes that your pattern of trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the Fund may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investor's trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investor's trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, "Investment by asset allocators" in the SAI).
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (“omnibus accounts”). The Fund has entered into “information sharing agreements” with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediary’s customers that invest in the Fund. If the Fund’s transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agent’s monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediary’s customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A, B & C
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the fund’s liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each fund’s share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President’s Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation – Individual Securities
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid, there is the possibility of a differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those securities and the latest indications of market values for those securities. The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation – Foreign Securities – Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A, B, C & R
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
Class A | Class B | Class C | Class R | |
Commission (%) | -- | -- | 1.00 1 | -- |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 | -- | -- | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- | -- | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- | -- | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- | -- | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 2 | -- | -- | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 2, 3 | 0.25 4 | 1.00 5 | 0.50 |
1. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.25% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
2. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
3. Under the Distribution Plan for Class A, the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which 0.10% generally will be retained by Distributors for its distribution expenses. The board of trustees has determined to reduce such fees under the Plan from 0.35% to 0.30%, thus reducing the amount that will be retained by Distributors.
4. After eight years, Class B shares convert to Class A shares and dealers may then receive the 12b-1 fee applicable to Class A.
5. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 1% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Institutional Services | (800) 321-8563 | 6:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firm’s report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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2262 |
FSS1 P 09/09 |
September 1, 2009 |
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The SEC has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. |
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Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
Class A & Advisor
Franklin Natural Resources Fund
Class A, C & Advisor
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PROSPECTUS |
Franklin
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Contents |
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THE FUNDS |
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INFORMATION ABOUT THE FUND YOU SHOULD KNOW BEFORE INVESTING |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
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YOUR ACCOUNT |
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INFORMATION ABOUT SALES CHARGES, QUALIFIED INVESTORS, ACCOUNT TRANSACTIONS AND SERVICES |
Choosing a Share Class
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FOR MORE INFORMATION |
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WHERE TO LEARN MORE ABOUT THE FUND |
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Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is to seek capital appreciation.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
The Fund may invest a substantial portion of its assets in equity securities of smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with a market capitalization of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Fund's investment, and may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
For the Fund's investment purposes, a biotechnology company is one that has at least 50% of its earnings derived from biotechnology activities, or at least 50% of its assets devoted to such activities, based on the company's most recent fiscal year. Biotechnology activities are research, development, manufacture, and distribution of various biotechnological or biomedical products, services, and processes. This may include companies involved with genomics, genetic engineering, and gene therapy. It also includes companies involved in the application and development of biotechnology in areas such as health care, pharmaceuticals, and agriculture. In addition to its investments in biotechnology companies, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer.
An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. The Fund may engage from time to time in short sales of equity securities when it believes that the sales present favorable opportunities. In a short sale, the Fund sells a security that it does not own to a purchaser at a specified price, while in a short sale against the box, the Fund actually holds in its portfolio the securities which it has sold short. The Fund will not sell any securities short if, after the sale, the total market value of its open short positions would exceed 50% of its assets.
The Fund anticipates that under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country. Although the Fund may invest more than 50% of its total assets in foreign securities, it is currently anticipated that the Fund's investments in foreign securities will not exceed 20% of it total assets. The Fund may buy foreign securities that are traded in the U.S. or in foreign markets, as well as American, European, and Global Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates typically issued by a bank or trust company that give their holders the right to receive securities issued by a foreign or domestic company.
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets in securities of biotechnology companies.
Portfolio Selection
The manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the manager chooses companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the manager's opinion, the best trade-off between earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation. The manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies for distinct and sustainable competitive advantages likely to lead to growth in earnings and/or share price. Competitive advantages such as a particular product niche, proven technology, sound financial position, and strong management are all factors the manager believes may contribute to strong growth potential.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market securities, including shares of money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, or short-term debt securities. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Biotechnology Industry
By focusing on the biotechnology industry, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments within such industry than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. The biotechnology industry is subject to extensive government regulation. The industry will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning health care reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval process. If such legislation is enacted it may affect the biotechnology industry. In addition, this industry is characterized by competition and rapid technological developments which may make a company's products or services obsolete in a short period of time. As these factors impact the biotechnology industry, the value of your shares may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Investors tend to react quickly to developments that affect the biotechnology industry. In the past, the biotechnology sector has experienced considerable volatility in reaction to research and other business developments which may affect only one, or a few companies within the sector. In comparison to more developed industries, there may be a thin trading market in biotechnology securities, and adverse developments in the biotechnology industry may be more likely to result in decreases in the value of biotechnology stocks. Stock prices often change collectively without regard to the merits of individual companies.
Biotechnology companies are often small, start-up ventures whose products are only in the research stage. Only a limited number of biotechnology companies have reached the point of approval of products by the FDA and subsequent commercial production and distribution of such products. Therefore, the market value of investments in the biotechnology industry is often based upon speculation and expectations about future products, research progress, and new product filings with regulatory authorities. There can be no assurance that the Fund will continue to have access to adequate investment opportunities on terms that the manager believes to be favorable. The Fund's investments are speculative and may drop sharply in value in response to adverse research and development, regulatory, or market events.
The Fund's performance at times in the past has been positively affected by highly favorable investment conditions in the biotechnology industry that are likely not sustainable. Investors should not expect similar performance in the future.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. You could lose money. The Fund's investments are speculative and may drop sharply in value in response to adverse research and development, regulatory, or market events.
Stocks
Although this may not be the case in foreign markets, in the U.S., stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies or industries, or the securities market as a whole. A slower-growth or recessionary economic environment could have an adverse effect on the price of the various stocks held by the Fund.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities, including depositary receipts, typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and affect its share price.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their values may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund’s investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund’s investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Availability of information. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices.
Short Sales
In a short sale of a security, the Fund sells a security it does not own and must borrow the security to deliver it to the purchaser. The Fund then later buys the same security in the market in order to return it to the lender. Short sales carry risks of loss if the price of the security sold short increases after the sale and the Fund must pay more for the security than it has received from the purchaser in the short sale.
Liquidity
The Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in securities with a limited trading market. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to sell particular securities when necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event.
Non-diversification
The Fund is a non-diversified fund. It may invest a greater portion of its assets in the securities of one issuer and have a smaller number of issuers than a diversified fund. The Fund may be more sensitive to economic, business, political or other changes affecting similar issuers or securities, which may result in greater fluctuation in the value of the Fund's shares. The Fund intends, however, to meet certain tax diversification requirements.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q4'99 | 61.33% |
Worst Quarter: | Q1'01 | -32.15% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -15.78% | 0.57% | 6.96% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -15.78% | 0.57% | 6.95% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -10.26% | 0.48% | 6.14% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index 4 | -12.63% | 0.15% | 5.25% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund - Advisor 5 | -15.78% | 0.57% | 6.96% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
NASDAQ Biotechnology Index 4 | -12.63% | 0.15% | 5.25% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009, the Fund's year-to-date return was 2.77% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. An unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index nor is an index representative of the Fund's investments.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The NASDAQ Biotechnology Index contains companies primarily engaged in using biomedical research for the discovery and development of novel treatments or cures for human disease, and which also meet other eligibility criteria. The index is calculated under a modified capitalization-weighted methodology. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund’s portfolio.
5. Effective September 1, 2009, the Fund began offering Advisor Class shares, which do not have sales charges or a Rule 12b-1 plan. Performance quotations for this class reflect the following methods of calculation: (a) for periods prior to September 1, 2009, a restated figure is used based on the Fund’s Class A performance, excluding the effect of Class A’s maximum initial sales charge but reflecting the effect of the Class A Rule 12b-1 fees; and (b) for periods after September 1, 2009, actual Advisor Class performance is used reflecting all charges and fees applicable to that class.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 1 | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 1 | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 2 | None |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
2. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A |
Advisor
Class 2 |
|
Management fees 3 | 0.53% | 0.53% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.25% | None |
Other expenses | 0.56% | 0.56% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 4 | 0.03% | 0.03% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 3 | 1.37% | 1.12% |
Management fee reduction 3 | -0.02% | -0.02% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 3, 4 | 1.35% | 1.10% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. The Fund began offering Advisor Class shares on September 1, 2009. Total annual Fund operating expenses are based on the expenses for the Fund's Class A shares for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.
3. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
4. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 Year | 3 Years | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
If you sell your shares at the end of the period: | ||||
Class A | $ 705 1 | $ 978 | $ 1,272 | $ 2,105 |
Advisor Class | $ 112 | $ 350 | $ 606 | $ 1,340 |
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
EVAN MCCULLOCH, CFA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. McCulloch has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1997 and assumed duties of lead portfolio manager of the Fund in 2000. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated cash management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
VINCENT XIANG PH.D. Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Dr. Xiang has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 2004, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2004. Previously, he was a vice president of business development at Genyous Life Sciences, Inc. He also worked on deal sourcing, due diligence and strategic planning at BioAdvance and as a senior analyst for Acacia Research Corporation.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.53% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.51% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since its inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 54.72 | $ 64.53 | $ 56.44 | $ 46.05 | $ 53.26 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income (loss) b | -0.21 | -0.59 | -0.57 | -0.59 | -0.58 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -4.78 | -9.22 | 8.66 | 10.98 | -6.63 |
Total from investment operations | -4.99 | -9.81 | 8.09 | 10.39 | -7.21 |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 49.73 | $ 54.72 | $ 64.53 | $ 56.44 | $ 46.05 |
Total return e | -9.12% | -15.22% | 14.39% | 22.50% | -13.54% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses before expense reduction | 1.32% | 1.24% | 1.35% | 1.25% | 1.29% |
Expenses net of expense reduction | 1.32% f | 1.23% | 1.35% f | 1.25% f | 1.29% f |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.38% | -0.98% | -1.01% | -1.06% | -1.17% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 274,324 | $ 318,537 | $ 457,390 | $ 510,700 | $ 485,909 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 45.57% | 31.84% | 42.08% | 37.38% | 34.34% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Franklin Natural Resources Fund
Goal and Strategies
Goal
The Fund's investment goal is to seek to provide high total return. Total return consists of both capital appreciation and current dividend and interest income.
Main Investment Strategies
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity and debt securities of companies in the natural resources sector. Shareholders will be given at least 60 days' advance notice of any change to this policy.
The Fund may invest a significant portion of its assets in smaller capitalization companies, which are generally companies with a market capitalization of less than $1.5 billion at the time of the Fund's investment.
For the Fund's investment purposes, the natural resources sector includes companies that own, produce, refine, process, transport and market natural resources and companies that provide related services. The sector includes, for example, the following industries: integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, chemicals, building materials, coal, alternative energy sources and environmental services. In addition to its investments in companies in the natural resources sector, the Fund may also invest up to 20% of its net assets in equity or debt securities of any type of foreign or U.S. issuer.
Under normal market conditions, the Fund invests primarily in equity securities and in debt securities convertible into equity securities. An equity security represents a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; its value is based on the success of the company's business, any income paid to stockholders, the value of its assets, and general market conditions. Common stocks and preferred stocks are examples of equity securities. Debt securities represent the obligation of the issuer to repay a loan of money to it, and generally pay interest to the holder. Bonds, notes, and debentures are examples of debt securities. Convertible securities have characteristics of both debt securities (which is frequently the form in which they are first issued) and equity securities (which is what they can be converted into).
The Fund anticipates that, under normal conditions, it will invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country, but the Fund may invest up to 50% of its total assets in foreign securities, including emerging market securities. The Fund may also buy American Depositary Receipts. Depositary receipts are certificates typically issued by a bank or trust company that give their holders the right to receive securities issued by a foreign or domestic company.
The Fund normally invests at least 80% of its net assets in the equity and debt securities of U.S. and foreign companies in the natural resources sector.
Portfolio Selection
The manager is a research driven, fundamental investor, pursuing a growth strategy. As a "bottom-up" investor focusing primarily on individual securities, the manager chooses companies that have identifiable drivers of future earnings growth and that present, in the manager's opinion, the best trade-off between earnings growth, business and financial risk, and valuation. The manager relies on a team of analysts to help provide in-depth industry expertise and uses both qualitative and quantitative analysis to evaluate companies for distinct and sustainable competitive advantages likely to lead to growth in earnings and/or share price. Competitive advantages such as a particular product niche, proven technology, sound financial position, and strong management are all factors the manager believes may contribute to strong growth potential.
Commodity Exchange Act Exclusion
The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of the term "commodity pool operator" under the Commodity Exchange Act (CEA), and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
Temporary Investments
When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Temporary defensive investments generally may include money market securities, including shares of money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, or short-term debt securities. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. In these circumstances, the Fund may be unable to achieve its investment goal.
Main Risks
Natural Resources Sector
By focusing on the natural resources sector, the Fund carries much greater risks of adverse developments than a fund that invests in a wider variety of industries. The securities of companies in the natural resources sector may experience more price volatility than securities of companies in other industries. Some of the commodities used as raw materials or produced by these companies are subject to broad price fluctuations as a result of industry wide supply and demand factors. As a result, companies in the natural resources sector often have limited pricing power over supplies or for the products they sell which can affect their profitability.
The Fund's concentration in the securities of companies with substantial natural resource assets will expose the Fund to the price movements of natural resources to a greater extent than a more broadly diversified mutual fund. Because the Fund invests primarily in this economic sector, there is the risk that the Fund will perform poorly during an economic downturn or a slump in demand for natural resources.
Stocks
Although this may not be the case in foreign markets, in the U.S., stocks historically have outperformed other types of investments over the long term. Individual stock prices, however, tend to go up and down more dramatically. These price movements may result from factors affecting individual companies, industries, or the securities market as a whole.
Because the securities the Fund holds fluctuate in price, the value of your investment in the Fund will go up and down. This means you could lose money over short or even extended periods.
Growth Style Investing
Growth stock prices reflect projections of future earnings or revenues, and can, therefore, fall dramatically if the company fails to meet those projections. Growth stocks may be more expensive relative to their current earnings or assets compared to value or other stocks, and if earnings growth expectations moderate, their valuations may return to more typical norms, causing their stock prices to fall. Prices of these companies’ securities may be more volatile than other securities, particularly over the short term.
Smaller Companies
While smaller companies may offer substantial opportunities for capital growth, they also involve substantial risks and should be considered speculative. Historically, smaller company securities have been more volatile in price than larger company securities, especially over the short term. Among the reasons for the greater price volatility are the less certain growth prospects of smaller companies, the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such securities, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions.
In addition, smaller companies may lack depth of management, be unable to generate funds necessary for growth or development, have limited product lines or be developing or marketing new products or services for which markets are not yet established and may never become established. Smaller companies may be particularly affected by interest rate increases, as they may find it more difficult to borrow money to continue or expand operations, or may have difficulty in repaying any loans which are floating rate.
Foreign Securities
Investing in foreign securities, including depositary receipts, typically involves more risks than investing in U.S. securities. Certain of these risks also may apply to securities of U.S. companies with significant foreign operations. These risks can increase the potential for losses in the Fund and affect its share price. In the natural resources sector, many companies whose securities trade in the U.S. are nevertheless impacted by many of these risks because they have operations in foreign countries, or may be dependent upon commodities supplied by foreign countries.
Currency exchange rates. Foreign securities may be issued and traded in foreign currencies. As a result, their values may be affected by changes in exchange rates between foreign currencies and the U.S. dollar, as well as between currencies of countries other than the U.S. For example, if the value of the U.S. dollar goes up compared to a foreign currency, an investment traded in that foreign currency will go down in value because it will be worth fewer U.S. dollars.
Political and economic developments. The political, economic and social structures of some foreign countries may be less stable and more volatile than those in the U.S. Investments in these countries may be subject to the risks of internal and external conflicts, currency devaluations, foreign ownership limitations and tax increases. It is possible that a government may take over the assets or operations of a company or impose restrictions on the exchange or export of currency or other assets. Some countries also may have different legal systems that may make it difficult for the Fund to vote proxies, exercise shareholder rights, and pursue legal remedies with respect to its foreign investments. Diplomatic and political developments, including rapid and adverse political changes, social instability, regional conflicts, terrorism and war, could affect the economies, industries and securities and currency markets, and the value of the Fund’s investments, in non-U.S. countries. These factors are extremely difficult, if not impossible, to predict and take into account with respect to the Fund’s investments.
Trading practices. Brokerage commissions and other fees generally are higher for foreign securities. Government supervision and regulation of foreign securities markets, currency markets, trading systems and brokers may be less than in the U.S. The procedures and rules governing foreign transactions and custody (holding of the Fund's assets) also may involve delays in payment, delivery or recovery of money or investments.
Availability of information. Foreign companies may not be subject to the same disclosure, accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and practices as U.S. companies. Thus, there may be less information publicly available about foreign companies than about most U.S. companies.
Limited markets. Certain foreign securities may be less liquid (harder to sell) and their prices may be more volatile than many U.S. securities. This means the Fund may at times be unable to sell foreign securities at favorable prices.
Convertible Securities
The value of convertible securities may rise and fall with the market value of the underlying stock or, like a debt security, vary with changes in interest rates and the credit quality of the issuer. A convertible security tends to perform more like a stock when the underlying stock price is high (because it is assumed it will be converted) and more like a debt security when the underlying stock price is low (because it is assumed it will not be converted). Because its value can be influenced by many different factors, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rate changes as a similar non-convertible debt security, and generally has less potential for gain or loss than the underlying stock.
More detailed information about the Fund, its policies and risks can be found in the Fund's Statement of Additional Information (SAI).
A description of the Fund's policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings information is also available in the Fund's SAI. Portfolio holdings information can be viewed online at franklintempleton.com.
Mutual fund shares are not deposits or obligations of, or guaranteed or endorsed by, any bank, and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, the Federal Reserve Board, or any other agency of the U.S. government. Mutual fund shares involve investment risks, including the possible loss of principal.
Performance
This bar chart and table show the volatility of the Fund's returns, which is one indicator of the risks of investing in the Fund. The bar chart shows changes in the Fund's returns from year to year over the calendar years shown. The table shows how the Fund's average annual total returns compare to those of a broad-based securities market index. Of course, past performance (before or after taxes) cannot predict or guarantee future results. All Fund performance assumes reinvestment of dividends and capital gains.
CLASS A ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS 1
Best Quarter: | Q3'05 | 23.70% |
Worst Quarter: | Q4'08 | -36.13% |
AVERAGE ANNUAL TOTAL RETURNS | For the periods ended December 31, 2008 |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Class A 2 | |||
Return Before Taxes | -53.99% | 5.67% | 8.87% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions | -54.76% | 4.63% | 8.21% |
Return After Taxes on Distributions and Sale of Fund Shares | -34.70% | 4.94% | 7.83% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index 4 | -42.55% | 8.96% | 8.37% |
(indices reflect no deduction for fees, expenses, or taxes)
1 Year |
Since Inception
(9/1/05) |
|
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Class C 2 | -51.98% | -7.35% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -6.76% |
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index 4 | -42.55% | -2.14% |
1 Year | 5 Years | 10 Years | |
Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Advisor | -51.03% | 7.27% | 10.22% |
S&P 500 ® Index 3 | -37.00% | -2.19% | -1.38% |
S&P North American Natural Resources Sector Index 4 | -42.55% | 8.96% | 8.37% |
After-tax returns are calculated using the historical highest individual federal marginal income tax rates and do not reflect the impact of state and local taxes. Your actual after-tax returns depend on your particular tax situation and may differ from those shown.
These after-tax return figures do not apply to you if you hold your Fund shares through a tax-deferred arrangement such as a 401(k) plan or individual retirement account. The Fund's past performance, before and after taxes, is not necessarily an indication of how it will perform in the future.
After-tax returns are shown only for Class A; after-tax returns for other classes of shares will vary.
1. Figures do not reflect sales charges. If they did, returns would be lower. As of June 30, 2009 the Fund's year-to-date return was 27.02% for Class A.
2. Figures reflect sales charges.
3. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. Standard & Poor’s 500 Index (S&P 500) consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity and industry group representation. Each stock’s weight in the index is proportionate to its market value. The S&P 500 is one of the most widely used benchmarks of U.S. equity performance. An unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index nor is an index representative of the Fund's investments.
4. Source: © 2009 Morningstar. The Standard & Poor's (S&P) North American Natural Resources Sector Index is a capitalization-weighted index that includes companies in involved in extractive industries (mining), energy, forestry services, producers of pulp and paper, and owners and operators of timber tracts or plantations. The unmanaged index includes reinvestment of any income or distributions. One cannot invest directly in an index, nor is an index representative of the Fund's portfolio.
Fees and Expenses
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
SHAREHOLDER FEES | (fees paid directly from your investment) |
Class A | Class C |
Advisor
Class |
|
Maximum sales charge (load) as a percentage of offering price | 5.75% 1 | 1.00% | None |
Load imposed on purchases | 5.75% 1 | None | None |
Maximum deferred sales charge (load) | None 2 | 1.00% | None |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
2. There is a 1% contingent deferred sales charge that applies to investments of $1 million or more (see "Sales Charges-Class A" under "Choosing a Share Class") and purchases by certain retirement plans without an initial sales charge.
Please see "Choosing a Share Class" for an explanation of how and when these sales charges apply.
ANNUAL FUND OPERATING EXPENSES 1 | (expenses deducted from Fund assets) |
Class A | Class C |
Advisor
Class |
|
Management fees 2 | 0.49% | 0.49% | 0.49% |
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees | 0.27% | 1.00% | None |
Other expenses | 0.34% | 0.34% | 0.34% |
Acquired fund fees and expenses 3 | 0.01% | 0.01% | 0.01% |
Total annual Fund operating expenses 2 | 1.11% | 1.84% | 0.84% |
Management fee reduction 2 | -0.01% | -0.01% | -0.01% |
Net annual Fund operating expenses 2, 3 | 1.10% | 1.83% | 0.83% |
1. In periods of market volatility, assets may decline significantly, causing total annual fund operating expenses to become higher than the numbers shown in the table above.
2. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the manager had agreed in advance to reduce its fee to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
3. Net annual Fund operating expenses differ from the ratio of expenses to average net assets shown in the Financial Highlights, which reflect the operating expenses of the Fund and do not include acquired fund fees and expenses.
Example
This example can help you compare the cost of investing in the Fund with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. It assumes:
Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1. Assumes a contingent deferred sales charge will not apply.
Special Servicing Agreement
Effective May 1, 2009, the Fund, which is an underlying investment fund of one or more funds of Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Funds (the "Allocator Funds"), entered into a Special Servicing Agreement with the Allocator Funds and certain service providers of the Fund and the Allocator Funds, pursuant to which the Fund pays a portion of the Allocator Funds' expenses, including transfer agency and shareholder servicing costs, to the extent such payments are less than the amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by the Fund from the investment in the Fund by the Allocator Funds. The investment manager and fund administrator of the Fund have voluntarily agreed to limit the increase in the Fund's net annual operating expense ratio that results from the implementation of the Special Servicing Agreement at 0.02% through April 30, 2010.
Management
Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers), One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906, is the Fund's investment manager. Together, Advisers and its affiliates manage over $482 billion in assets.
The Fund is managed by a team of dedicated professionals focused on investments in the equity and debt securities of the natural resources companies. The portfolio managers of the team are as follows:
FREDERICK G. FROMM, CFA Vice President of Advisers
Mr. Fromm has been a lead portfolio manager of the Fund since 2003. He has primary responsibility for the investments of the Fund. He has final authority over all aspects of the Fund's investment portfolio, including but not limited to, purchases and sales of individual securities, portfolio risk assessment, and the management of daily cash balances in accordance with anticipated management requirements. The degree to which he may perform these functions, and the nature of these functions, may change from time to time. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1992.
MATTHEW ADAMS, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Adams has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since August 2008, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 2005. Previously, he was an equity analyst with Smith Barney, Bear Stearns and Robertson Stephens.
STEVE LAND, CFA Portfolio Manager of Advisers
Mr. Land has been a portfolio manager of the Fund since 1999, providing research and advice on the purchases and sales of individual securities and portfolio risk assessment. He joined Franklin Templeton Investments in 1997.
CFA ® and Chartered Financial Analyst ® are trademarks owned by CFA Institute.
The Fund’s SAI provides additional information about portfolio manager compensation, other accounts that they manage and their ownership of Fund shares.
The Fund pays Advisers a fee for managing the Fund's assets. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, management fees, before any reduction, were 0.49% of the Fund's average daily net assets. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund's investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid 0.48% of its average daily net assets to the manager for its services. This reduction is required by the Fund's board of trustees and an exemptive order by the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Financial Highlights
These tables present the Fund's financial performance for the past five years or since inception. Certain information reflects financial results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund assuming reinvestment of dividends and capital gains. This information has been derived from the financial statements audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, whose report, along with the Fund's financial statements, are included in the annual report, which is available upon request.
CLASS A | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 45.78 | $ 37.84 | $ 35.92 | $ 24.32 | $ 18.80 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.05 | 0.05 | 0.09 | 0.13 | 0.04 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -21.78 | 11.11 | 4.29 | 12.64 | 5.48 |
Total from investment operations | -21.73 | 11.16 | 4.38 | 12.77 | 5.52 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | -0.52 | -0.25 | -0.09 | — |
Net realized gains | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 | -1.08 | — |
Total distributions | -1.50 | -3.22 | -2.46 | -1.17 | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.55 | $ 45.78 | $ 37.84 | $ 35.92 | $ 24.32 |
Total return e | -46.81% | 30.37% | 12.86% | 53.11% | 29.36% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses f | 1.09% | 0.97% | 1.03% | 1.02% | 1.08% |
Net investment income | 0.18% | 0.13% | 0.26% | 0.44% | 0.17% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 393,713 | $ 752,051 | $ 475,912 | $ 440,475 | $ 211,327 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% | 56.08% | 29.89% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable.
f. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
CLASS C | Year Ended April 30, | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 a | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
||||
Net asset value, beginning of year. | $ 45.35 | $ 37.58 | $ 35.79 | $ 31.56 |
Income from investment operations: b | ||||
Net investment income (loss) c | -0.16 | -0.25 | -0.17 | -0.01 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -21.54 | 11.04 | 4.25 | 5.39 |
Total from investment operations | -21.70 | 10.79 | 4.08 | 5.38 |
Less distributions from: | ||||
Net investment income | — | -0.32 | -0.08 | -0.07 |
Net realized gains | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 | -1.08 |
Total distributions | -1.50 | -3.02 | -2.29 | -1.15 |
Redemption fees d, e | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 22.15 | $ 45.35 | $ 37.58 | $ 35.79 |
Total return f | -47.19% | 29.47% | 12.01% | 17.47% |
Ratios to average net assets g | ||||
Expenses h | 1.82% | 1.68% | 1.76% | 1.67% |
Net investment income (loss) | -0.55% | -0.58% | -0.47% | -0.21% |
Supplemental data | ||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 61,360 | $ 85,387 | $ 33,723 | $ 18,485 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% | 56.08% |
a. For the period September 1, 2005 (effective date) to April 30, 2006.
b. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
c. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
d. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
e. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
f. Total return does not reflect sales commissions or contingent deferred sales charges, if applicable, and is not annualized for periods less than one year.
g. Ratios are annualized for periods less than one year.
h. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
ADVISOR CLASS | Year Ended April 30, | ||||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | |
Per share operating performance
(for a share outstanding throughout the year) |
|||||
Net asset value, beginning of year | $ 48.27 | $ 39.71 | $ 37.57 | $ 25.35 | $ 19.53 |
Income from investment operations: a | |||||
Net investment income b | 0.14 | 0.19 | 0.18 | 0.25 | 0.13 |
Net realized and unrealized gains (losses) | -22.97 | 11.69 | 4.52 | 13.18 | 5.69 |
Total from investment operations | -22.83 | 11.88 | 4.70 | 13.43 | 5.82 |
Less distributions from: | |||||
Net investment income | — | -0.62 | -0.35 | -0.13 | — |
Net realized gains | -1.50 | -2.70 | -2.21 | -1.08 | — |
Total distributions | -1.50 | -3.32 | -2.56 | -1.21 | — |
Redemption fees c, d | — | — | — | — | — |
Net asset value, end of year | $ 23.94 | $ 48.27 | $ 39.71 | $ 37.57 | $ 25.35 |
Total return | -46.66% | 30.74% | 13.20% | 53.55% | 29.80% |
Ratios to average net assets | |||||
Expenses e | 0.82% | 0.68% | 0.76% | 0.69% | 0.73% |
Net investment income | 0.45% | 0.42% | 0.53% | 0.77% | 0.52% |
Supplemental data | |||||
Net assets, end of year (000’s) | $ 52,402 | $ 77,361 | $ 52,103 | $ 43,874 | $ 33,048 |
Portfolio turnover rate | 46.97% | 37.93% | 51.51% | 56.08% | 29.89% |
a. The amount shown for a share outstanding throughout the period may not correlate with the Statement of Operations in the annual report for the period due to the timing of sales and repurchases of the Fund shares in relation to income earned and/or fluctuating market value of the investments of the Fund.
b. Based on average daily shares outstanding.
c. Amount rounds to less than $0.01 per share.
d. Effective September 1, 2008, the redemption fee was eliminated.
e. Benefit of expense reduction rounds to less than 0.01%.
Additional Management Information
A discussion regarding the basis for the board of trustees' approving the investment management contract of the Fund (hereinafter "the Fund") is available in the Fund's annual report to shareholders for the fiscal year ended April 30.
In 2003 and 2004, multiple lawsuits were filed against Franklin Resources, Inc., and certain of its investment advisor subsidiaries, among other defendants, alleging violations of federal securities and state laws and seeking, among other relief, monetary damages, restitution, removal of fund trustees, directors, investment managers, administrators and distributors, rescission of management contracts and 12b-1 plans, and/or attorneys’ fees and costs. Specifically, the lawsuits claim breach of duty with respect to alleged arrangements to permit market timing and/or late trading activity, or breach of duty with respect to the valuation of the portfolio securities of certain Templeton funds managed by Franklin Resources, Inc. subsidiaries, allegedly resulting in market timing activity. The lawsuits are styled as class actions, or derivative actions on behalf of either the named funds or Franklin Resources, Inc., and have been consolidated for pretrial purposes, along with hundreds of other similar lawsuits against other mutual fund companies. All of the Franklin Templeton Investments mutual funds that were named in the litigation as defendants have since been dismissed, as have the independent trustees to those funds.
Franklin Resources, Inc. previously disclosed these private lawsuits in its regulatory filings and on its public website. Any material updates regarding these matters will be disclosed in Franklin Resources, Inc.’s Form 10-Q or Form 10-K filings with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.
Distributions and Taxes
Income and Capital Gain Distributions
The Fund has qualified to be treated as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code (Code). As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The Fund intends to pay an income dividend at least annually from its net investment income. Capital gains, if any, may be distributed at least annually. The amount of any distribution will vary, and there is no guarantee the Fund will pay either an income dividend or a capital gain distribution. Your income dividend and capital gain distribution will be automatically reinvested in additional shares at net asset value (NAV) unless you elect to receive cash payments.
Annual statements. Shortly after the end of each calendar year, you will receive a statement that shows the tax status of distributions you received the previous year, including, for U.S. investors, the amount of any qualified dividend income subject to tax at capital gains rates, and, for non-U.S. investors, the amount of your ordinary dividends that are exempt from nonresident alien withholding taxes because they are interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Distributions declared in December but paid in January are taxable as if they were paid in December.
The Fund may at times find it necessary to reclassify income after it issues your tax reporting statement. This can result from rules in the Code that effectively prevent regulated investment companies such as the Fund from ascertaining with certainty until after the calendar year end the final amount and character of distributions the Fund has received on its investments during the prior calendar year. Prior to issuing your statement, Franklin Templeton Investments makes every effort to identify reclassifications of income to reduce the number of corrected forms mailed to shareholders. However, when necessary, the Fund will send you a corrected tax reporting statement to reflect reclassified information. If you receive a corrected tax reporting statement, use the information on this statement, and not the information on your original statement, in completing your tax returns.
Avoid "buying a dividend." If you invest in the Fund shortly before it makes a distribution, you may receive some of your investment back in the form of a taxable distribution. For example, if you buy 500 shares in the Fund on December 10th at the Fund's NAV of $10 per share, and the Fund makes a distribution on December 15th of $1 per share, your shares will then have an NAV of $9 per share (disregarding any change in the Fund's market value), and you will have to pay a tax on what is essentially a return of your investment of $1 per share. This tax treatment is required even if you reinvest the $1 per share distribution in additional Fund shares.
Tax Considerations
In general, if you are a taxable investor, Fund distributions are taxable to you at either ordinary income or capital gains tax rates. This is true whether you reinvest your distributions in additional Fund shares or receive them in cash.
Dividend income. A portion of the income dividends paid to you by the Fund may be qualified dividends subject to taxation at the long-term capital gain rates. In general, income dividends from portfolio investments in the stock of domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations are subject to tax at favorable long-term capital gain rates. Income dividends from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities and dividends received from unqualified foreign corporations continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates. Distributions of qualified dividends are eligible for these reduced rates of taxation only if you own your shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the ex-dividend date of any dividend. The reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividends are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Distributions of capital gains. Fund distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Fund distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable as long-term capital gains no matter how long you have owned your shares. Long-term capital gain distributions to individuals qualify for the 15% tax rate. For individuals in the 10% and 15% tax brackets, the tax rate is 0% on distributions of net capital gains realized by the Fund or on net capital gains that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares in calendar years 2008 through 2010. These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date.
Sales of Fund shares. When you sell your shares in the Fund, you may realize a capital gain or loss. For tax purposes, an exchange of your Fund shares for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund is the same as a sale, and will normally generate a gain or loss that will be reported to you in your year-end tax information. An exchange of your shares in one class in the Fund for shares of another class in the same Fund is not a taxable event, and no gain or loss will be reported on such a transaction.
If you have owned your Fund shares for more than one year, any gains reportable on the sale of your shares will qualify for the reduced rates of taxation on capital gains as discussed above.
Backup withholding. If you do not provide the Fund with your proper taxpayer identification number and certain required certifications, you may be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% on any distributions of income, capital gains or proceeds from the sale of your shares. The Fund also must withhold if the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) instructs it to do so.
State and local taxes. Distributions of ordinary income and capital gains, if any, and gains from the sale of your Fund shares generally are subject to state and local taxes.
Non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors may be subject to a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate on all Fund dividends of ordinary income. Non-U.S. investors may also be subject to U.S. estate tax on their investment in the Fund. They also have special certification requirements that, if not met, can subject them to backup withholding on any dividends, distributions and redemption proceeds that they receive from the Fund. Each of these subjects is discussed in greater detail in the “Distributions and Taxes – Non-U.S. investors” section of the SAI.
Exemptions from withholding of U.S. tax are currently provided for the following distributions when paid by the Fund to nonresident alien investors:
Other tax information. This discussion of "Distributions and Taxes" is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your own tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
YOUR ACCOUNT
Choosing a Share Class
Each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best meets your situation. Your investment representative can help you decide. Investors may purchase Class C shares only for Fund accounts on which they have appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record. Investors who have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) to existing Class C share Fund accounts, may not make additional purchases to those accounts but may exchange their shares to a Franklin Templeton fund that offers Class C shares. Dividend and capital gain distributions may continue to be reinvested in existing Class C share Fund accounts. These provisions do not apply to Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
Class A | Class C | Advisor Class |
Initial sales charge of 5.75% or less | No initial sales charge | See "Qualified Investors - Advisor Class" below |
Deferred sales charge of 1% on purchases of $1 million or more sold within 18 months | Deferred sales charge of 1% on shares you sell within 12 months | |
Lower annual expenses than Class C due to lower distribution fees | Higher annual expenses than Class A due to higher distribution fees |
Franklin Templeton funds include all of the U.S. registered mutual funds of Franklin Templeton Investments and the Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund. They do not include the funds in the Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust.
Class A & C
SALES CHARGES - Class A | ||
when you invest this amount | the sales charge makes up this % of the offering price 1 | which equals this % of your net investment 1 |
Under $50,000 | 5.75 | 6.10 |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 4.50 | 4.71 |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 3.50 | 3.63 |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.50 | 2.56 |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 2.00 | 2.04 |
1. The dollar amount of the sales charge is the difference between the offering price of the shares purchased (which factors in the applicable sales charge in this table) and the net asset value of those shares. Since the offering price is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria, the number of shares purchased and the dollar amount of the sales charge as a percentage of the offering price and of your net investment may be higher or lower depending on whether there was a downward or upward rounding.
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
Quantity discounts. We offer two ways for you to combine your current purchase of Class A Fund shares with other existing Franklin Templeton fund share holdings that might enable you to qualify for a lower sales charge with your current purchase. You can qualify for a lower sales charge when you reach certain "sales charge breakpoints." This quantity discount information is also available free of charge at www.franklintempleton.com/retail/jsp_cm/fund_perf/pub/quantity_discount.jsp. This web page can also be reached at franklintempleton.com by clicking the "Funds & Performance" tab and then choosing "Quantity Discounts."
1. Cumulative quantity discount - lets you combine certain existing holdings of Franklin Templeton fund shares - referred to as "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" - with your current purchase of Class A shares to determine if you qualify for a sales charge breakpoint.
Cumulative quantity discount eligible shares are Franklin Templeton fund shares registered to (or held by a financial intermediary for):
Franklin Templeton fund shares held through an administrator or trustee/custodian of an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan such as a 401(k) plan (see definition below) do not qualify for a cumulative quantity discount.
Franklin Templeton fund assets held in multiple Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans may be combined in order to qualify for sales charge breakpoints at the plan level if the plans are sponsored by the same employer.
If you believe there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that can be combined with your current purchase to achieve a sales charge breakpoint (for example, shares held in a different broker-dealer’s brokerage account or with a bank or an investment advisor), it is your responsibility to specifically identify those shares to your financial advisor at the time of your purchase (including at the time of any future purchase). If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares , it is your responsibility to specifically identify any cumulative quantity discount eligible shares to the Fund’s transfer agent at the time of any purchase.
If there are cumulative quantity discount eligible shares that would qualify for combining with your current purchase and you do not tell your financial advisor or the Franklin Templeton funds’ transfer agent at the time of any purchase, you may not receive the benefit of a reduced sales charge that might otherwise be available since your financial advisor and the Fund generally will not have that information.
The value of cumulative quantity discount eligible shares equals the cost or current value of those shares, whichever is higher. The current value of shares is determined by multiplying the number of shares by their highest current public offering price. It is your responsibility to retain any records necessary to substantiate historical share costs because neither your current financial advisor nor the Franklin Templeton funds may have or maintain this information.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs. A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
2. Letter of intent (LOI) - expresses your intent to buy a stated dollar amount of "cumulative quantity discount eligible shares" (as defined in the "Cumulative quantity discount" section above) over a 13-month period and lets you receive the same sales charge as if all shares had been purchased at one time. We will reserve 5% of your total intended purchase in Class A shares registered in your name until you fulfill your LOI to cover any additional sales charge that may apply if you do not buy the amount stated in your LOI. It is your responsibility to tell your financial advisor when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. If you have not designated a financial advisor associated with your Franklin Templeton fund shares, it is your responsibility to tell the Fund’s transfer agent when you believe you have fulfilled your LOI with sufficient cumulative quantity discount eligible shares. Please refer to the SAI for more LOI details.
To sign up for these programs, complete the appropriate section of your account application.
Sales charge waivers. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by certain investors or for certain payments. If you would like information about available sales charge waivers, call your investment representative or call Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301. A list of available sales charge waivers also may be found in the SAI.
Investments of $1 Million or More
If you invest $1 million or more, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, you can buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge. However, there is a 1% CDSC on any shares you sell within 18 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class A has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution fees of up to 0.35% per year to those who sell and distribute Class A shares and provide other services to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class A's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
SALES CHARGES - Class C - Natural Resources Fund |
With Class C shares, there is no initial sales charge. |
We place any investment of $1 million or more in Class A shares, since Class A's annual expenses are lower.
CDSC
There is a 1% CDSC on any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The way we calculate the CDSC is the same for each class (please see "Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A, B & C").
Distribution and Service (12b-1) Fees
Class C has a distribution plan, sometimes known as a Rule 12b-1 plan, that allows the Fund to pay distribution and other fees of up to 1% per year for the sale of Class C shares and for services provided to shareholders. Because these fees are paid out of Class C's assets on an ongoing basis, over time these fees will increase the cost of your investment and may cost you more than paying other types of sales charges.
Contingent Deferred Sales Charge (CDSC) - Class A & C
The CDSC for each class is based on the current value of the shares being sold or their net asset value when purchased, whichever is less. There is no CDSC on shares you acquire by reinvesting your dividends or capital gain distributions.
To keep your CDSC as low as possible, each time you place a request to sell shares we will first sell any shares in your account that are not subject to a CDSC. If there are not enough of these to meet your request, we will sell the shares in the order they were purchased. We will use this same method if you exchange your shares into another Franklin Templeton fund (please see “Exchanging Shares”).
The holding period for the CDSC begins on the day you buy your shares. Your shares will age one month on that same date the next month and each following month.
For example, if you buy shares on the 18th of the month, they will age one month on the 18th day of the next month and each following month.
Reinstatement Privilege
If you sell shares of a Franklin Templeton fund that were held indirectly for your benefit in an account with your investment representative’s firm or your bank’s trust department or that were registered to you directly by the Fund's transfer agent (or, to an affiliated custodian or trustee of the Fund’s transfer agent), you may reinvest all or a portion of the proceeds from that sale within 90 days of the sale without an initial sales charge. This Reinstatement Privilege does not apply to: (i) a purchase of Fund shares made through a regularly scheduled automatic investment plan such as a purchase by a regularly scheduled payroll deduction or transfer from a bank account, or (ii) a purchase of Fund shares with proceeds from the sale of Franklin Templeton fund shares that were held indirectly through a non-Franklin Templeton individual or employer sponsored IRA.
In order to take advantage of this Reinstatement Privilege, you must inform your investment representative or the Fund's transfer agent of this privilege at the time of your investment. The proceeds from the earlier sale must also be invested within the same share class as that of the sold shares, except proceeds will be reinvested in Class A shares if the proceeds are from the sale of (i) Class B or Class B1 shares; or (ii) Class C shares or Class R shares if at the time of investment you have not appointed an investment representative (financial advisor) of record for the Fund account(s) in which the purchased shares will be held. Proceeds from the earlier sale of Class Z shares may also be invested in Class A shares under this Reinstatement Privilege.
If you paid a CDSC when you sold your Class A or C shares, we will credit back to you the CDSC paid on the amount you are reinvesting within 90 days of the sale by adding it to the amount of your reinvestment (for example, if you are reinvesting $10,000 within 90 days of an earlier $10,000 sale on which you paid a $100 CDSC, the amount of your reinvestment will equal $10,100). The new shares issued with your reinvestment WILL BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC. If, however, you (except Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans) paid a CDSC when you sold (1) Class B shares; or (2) Class C shares held at the time of sale in a Franklin Templeton fund account without an investment representative (financial advisor) appointed by you and invest the proceeds from that sale in Class A shares within 90 days of the sale, you will not be credited with any CDSC paid at the time of sale. In this case, the new Class A shares issued with your reinvestment WILL NOT BE subject to any otherwise applicable CDSC.
Proceeds immediately placed in a Franklin Templeton Bank Certificate of Deposit (CD) also may be reinvested without an initial sales charge if you reinvest them within 90 days from the date the CD matures, including any rollover.
This privilege does not apply to shares you buy and sell under our exchange program. Shares purchased with the proceeds from a money fund may be subject to a sales charge.
Qualified Investors - Advisor Class
The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Advisor Class shares of the Fund:
Buying Shares
MINIMUM INVESTMENTS - CLASS A & C
Initial | |
Regular accounts | $ 1,000 |
Automatic investment plans | $ 50 |
UGMA/UTMA accounts | $ 100 |
Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, SIMPLE-IRAs, SEP-IRAs, SARSEPs or 403(b) plan accounts | no minimum |
IRAs, IRA rollovers, Coverdell Education Savings Plans or Roth IRAs | $ 250 |
Broker-dealer sponsored wrap account programs | no minimum |
Current and former full-time employees, officers, trustees and directors of Franklin Templeton entities, and their family members | $ 100 |
Please note that you may only buy shares of a fund eligible for sale in your state or jurisdiction.
Account Application
If you are opening a new account, please complete and sign the enclosed account application. Make sure you indicate the share class you have chosen. If you do not indicate a class, we will place your purchase in Class A shares. To save time, you can sign up now for services you may want on your account by completing the appropriate sections of the application (see "Investor Services"). For example, if you would like to link one of your bank accounts to your Fund account so that you may use electronic funds transfer to and from your bank account to buy and sell shares, please complete the bank information section of the application. We will keep your bank information on file for future purchases and redemptions. We do not accept cash, credit card convenience checks, non-bank money orders or travelers checks as forms of payment to purchase shares.
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
Buying Shares
Investor Services
Automatic Investment Plan
This plan offers a convenient way for you to invest in the Fund by automatically transferring money from your checking or savings account each month to buy shares. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your account application and mail it to Investor Services. If you are opening a new account, please include your minimum initial investment with your application.
Automatic Payroll Deduction
You may invest in the Fund automatically by transferring money from your paycheck to the Fund by electronic funds transfer. If you are interested, indicate on your application that you would like to receive an Automatic Payroll Deduction Program kit.
Automated Telephone System
Our automated system offers around-the-clock access to information about your account or any Franklin Templeton fund. This service is available by dialing any of the following numbers from a touch-tone phone:
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 |
Distribution Options
You may reinvest distributions you receive from the Fund in an existing account in the same share class* of the Fund or another Franklin Templeton fund. Initial sales charges and CDSCs will not apply to reinvested distributions. You also can have your distributions deposited in a bank account, or mailed by check. Deposits to a bank account may be made by electronic funds transfer.
* Class C shareholders may reinvest their distributions in Class A shares of any Franklin Templeton money fund. Advisor Class shareholders may reinvest in Advisor Class or Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund. To reinvest your distributions in Advisor Class shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you must be a current shareholder in Advisor Class or otherwise qualify to buy that fund's Advisor Class shares.
If you received a distribution and chose to return it to purchase additional shares in Class A shares of another Franklin Templeton fund, you will not be charged an initial sales charge if you invest the distribution within 90 days of the distribution date.
Please indicate on your application the distribution option you have chosen, otherwise we will reinvest your distributions in the same share class of the Fund.
Retirement Plans
Franklin Templeton Investments offers a variety of retirement plans for individuals and businesses. These plans require separate applications and their policies and procedures may be different than those described in this prospectus. For more information, including a free retirement plan brochure or application, please call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020.
For retirement plans for which Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust is the trustee or custodian, special forms may be needed to receive distributions in cash. Please call (800) 527-2020 for information.
Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account, allowing you to obtain or view your account information, and conduct a number of transactions by phone or online, including: buy, sell, or exchange shares of most funds; use electronic funds transfer to buy or sell shares of most funds; change your address; and, add or change account services (including distribution options, systematic withdrawal plans and automatic investment plans).
To view your account information or request online transactions, you will first need to register for these services at the shareholder section of our website at franklintempleton.com. You will be asked to accept the terms of an online agreement(s) and establish a password for online services. If you are registered for online services, you may enroll online in Franklin Templeton’s electronic delivery program for your shareholder documents. This will allow you to receive electronic delivery (through our website) of most funds’ prospectuses, annual/semiannual reports to shareholders, and proxy statements, as well as your account(s) statements and trade confirmations, and discontinue receiving your paper copies through the U.S. mail. Using our shareholder website means you are consenting to sending and receiving personal financial information over the Internet, so you should be sure you are comfortable with the risks.
As long as we follow reasonable security procedures and act on instructions we reasonably believe are genuine, we will not be responsible for any losses that may occur from unauthorized requests. We will request passwords or other information, and also may record calls. To help safeguard your account, keep your password confidential, and verify the accuracy of your confirmation statements immediately after you receive them. Contact us immediately if you believe someone has obtained unauthorized access to your account or password. For transactions done over the Internet, we recommend the use of an Internet browser with 128-bit encryption. Certain methods of contacting us (such as by phone or by Internet) may be unavailable or delayed during periods of unusual market activity. Of course, you can decline telephone buy, sell, or exchange privileges on your account application, or choose not to register for online privileges. If you have telephone/online privileges on your account and want to discontinue them, please contact us for instructions. You may reinstate these privileges at any time in writing, including online registration with respect to online privileges.
Note: We discourage you from including confidential or sensitive information in any Internet communication to us. If you do choose to send email (encrypted or not) to us over the Internet, you are accepting the associated risks of lack of confidentiality.
Systematic Withdrawal Plan
This plan allows you to automatically sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account. A CDSC may apply to withdrawals that exceed certain amounts. Certain terms and minimums apply. To sign up, visit us online at franklintempleton.com or complete the appropriate section of your application.
Franklin Templeton VIP Services ®
You may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
if you are currently eligible for the $250,000 sales charge breakpoint based solely on shares registered directly with the Franklin Templeton funds' transfer agent and excluding shares held indirectly through brokerage accounts. Franklin Templeton VIP Services
®
shareholders enjoy enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at
(800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Selling Shares
You can sell your shares at any time. Please keep in mind that a contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) may apply.
Selling Shares in Writing
Generally, requests to sell $100,000 or less can be made over the phone, online, or with a simple letter. Sometimes, however, to protect you and the Fund, we will need written instructions signed by all registered owners, with a signature guarantee for each owner, if:
We also may require a signature guarantee on instructions we receive from an agent, not the registered owners, or when we believe it would protect the Fund against potential claims based on the instructions received.
The amount may be higher for members of Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® . Please see “Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® ” above for more information regarding eligibility.
A signature guarantee helps protect your account against fraud. You can obtain a signature guarantee at most banks and securities dealers.
A notary public CANNOT provide a signature guarantee.
Selling Recently Purchased Shares
If you sell shares recently purchased, we may delay sending you the proceeds until your check, draft or wire/electronic funds transfer has cleared, which may take seven business days or more.
Redemption Proceeds
Your redemption check will be sent within seven days after we receive your request in proper form. We are not able to receive or pay out cash in the form of currency.
Retirement Plans
You may need to complete additional forms to sell shares in a Franklin Templeton Bank & Trust retirement plan. For participants under the age of 59 1/2, tax penalties may apply. Call Retirement Services at (800) 527-2020 for details.
Selling Shares
Franklin Templeton Investor Services
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
Call toll-free: (800) 632-2301
(Monday through Friday 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Pacific time)
or visit us online 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
at franklintempleton.com
Exchanging Shares
Exchange Privilege
Class A and C
You can exchange shares between most Franklin Templeton funds within the same class,* generally without paying any additional sales charges. If you exchange shares held for less than six months, however, you may be charged the difference between the initial sales charge of the two funds if the difference is more than 0.25%. If you exchange shares from a money fund or another fund that does not have a sales charge, a sales charge may apply no matter how long you have held the shares.
* Class Z shareholders of Franklin Mutual Series Funds may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders of another Franklin Templeton fund also may exchange into Class A without any sales charge. Advisor Class shareholders who exchange their shares for Class A shares and later decide they would like to exchange into another fund that offers Advisor Class may do so.
Any CDSC will continue to be calculated from the date of your initial investment and will not be charged at the time of the exchange. The purchase price for determining a CDSC on exchanged shares will be the price you paid for the original shares. If you exchange shares subject to a CDSC into a Class A money fund, the time your shares are held in the money fund will not count towards the CDSC holding period.
Advisor Class
You can exchange your Advisor Class shares for Advisor Class shares of other Franklin Templeton funds. You also may exchange your Advisor Class shares for Class A shares of a fund that does not currently offer an Advisor Class (without any sales charge)* or for Class Z shares of Franklin Mutual Series Funds.
* If you exchange into Class A shares and you later decide you would like to exchange into a fund that offers an Advisor Class, you may exchange your Class A shares for Advisor Class shares if you are a current shareholder in Advisor Class or you otherwise qualify to buy the fund's Advisor Class shares.
In certain comprehensive fee or advisory programs that hold Class A shares, at the discretion of the financial intermediary, you may exchange to Advisor Class shares or Class Z shares.
All Classes
The remainder of the “Exchanging Shares” section applies to all classes.
Generally exchanges may only be made between identically registered accounts, unless you send written instructions with a signature guarantee.
An exchange is really two transactions: a sale of one fund and the purchase of another. In general, the same policies that apply to purchases and sales apply to exchanges, including minimum investment amounts. Exchanges also have the same tax consequences as ordinary sales and purchases.
Rejected exchanges. If the Fund rejects an exchange request involving the sale of Fund shares, the rejected exchange request will also mean rejection of the request to purchase shares of another fund with the proceeds of the sale. Of course, you may generally redeem shares of the Fund at any time.
Exchanges through financial intermediaries. If you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary such as a broker-dealer, a bank, an insurance company separate account, an investment advisor, an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan that maintains a master account (an Omnibus Account) with the Fund for trading on behalf of its customers, different exchange and/or transfer limit guidelines and restrictions may apply. The financial intermediary through whom you are investing may choose to adopt different trading restrictions designed to discourage short-term or excessive trading. Consult with your financial intermediary (or, in the case of a 401(k) retirement plan, your plan sponsor) to determine what trading restrictions, including exchange/transfer limitations, may be applicable to you.
Fund exchange privilege changes/waiver. The Fund may terminate or modify (temporarily or permanently) this exchange privilege in the future. You will receive 60 days' notice of any material changes, unless otherwise provided by law.
Other funds' exchange privileges. If there is a conflict between the exchange privileges of two funds involved in an exchange transaction, the stricter policy will apply to the transaction. Other Franklin Templeton funds may have different exchange restrictions. Check each fund's prospectus for details.
Frequent Trading Policy
The Fund's board of trustees has adopted the following policies and procedures with respect to frequent trading in Fund shares (Frequent Trading Policy).
The Fund discourages and does not intend to accommodate short-term or frequent purchases and redemptions of Fund shares, often referred to as “market timing.” This type of trading activity can harm the Fund by, for example, interfering with the efficient management of the Fund's portfolio or materially increasing the Fund's transaction costs, administrative costs or taxes.
In addition, since the Fund invests significantly in foreign securities, it may be vulnerable to a form of short-term trading that is sometimes referred to as “time-zone arbitrage.” Time-zone arbitrage occurs when an investor seeks to take advantage of delays between changes in the value of a mutual fund’s portfolio holdings and the reflection of those changes in the fund’s net asset value per share. These delays are more likely to occur in the case of foreign investments, due to differences between the times during which the Fund’s international portfolio securities trade on foreign markets and the time as of which the Fund’s NAV is calculated (generally as of the close of the NYSE - please see “Calculating Share Price”). Time-zone arbitrage traders seek to purchase or redeem shares of a fund based on events occurring after foreign market closing prices are established, but before calculation of the fund’s NAV. This can result in the value of the Fund’s shares being diluted. One of the objectives of the Fund’s fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibility of this type of arbitrage (please see "Valuation - Foreign Securities - Potential Impact of Time Zones and Market Holidays"); however, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are, or may be, restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid ("relatively illiquid securities"), it may be particularly vulnerable to arbitrage short-term trading. Such arbitrage traders may seek to take advantage of a possible differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those relatively illiquid securities that are used to calculate the Fund’s NAV and the latest indications of market values for those securities. One of the objectives of the Fund’s fair value pricing procedures is to minimize the possibilities of this type of arbitrage (please see "Fair Valuation - Individual Securities"); however, there can be no assurance that the Fund’s valuation procedures will be successful in eliminating it.
Through its transfer agent, the Fund performs ongoing monitoring of trading in Fund shares in order to try and identify shareholder trading patterns that suggest an ongoing short-term trading strategy. The size of an investor's investments and redemptions in the Fund may also be a factor in evaluating a shareholder's trading patterns. If and when a pattern of short-term trading is identified, the transfer agent will seek to restrict or reject further short-term trading and/or take other action as described below, if in the judgment of the Fund manager or transfer agent such trading may be detrimental to the Fund.
If information regarding your trading activity in this Fund or in any other Franklin Templeton fund or non-Franklin Templeton fund is brought to the attention of the Fund's manager or transfer agent and based on that information the Fund or its manager or transfer agent in its sole discretion reasonably concludes that your pattern of trading may be detrimental to the Fund as described in this Frequent Trading Policy, the Fund may temporarily or permanently bar future purchases into the Fund or, alternatively, may limit the amount, number or frequency of any future purchases and/or the method by which you may request future purchases and redemptions (including purchases and/or redemptions by an exchange or transfer between the Fund and any other mutual fund).
In considering an investor's trading patterns, the Fund may consider, among other factors, the investor's trading history both directly and, if known, through financial intermediaries, in the Fund, in other Franklin Templeton funds, in non-Franklin Templeton mutual funds, or in accounts under common control or ownership (see, for example, "Investment by asset allocators" in the SAI).
Frequent trading through financial intermediaries. You are an investor subject to this Frequent Trading Policy whether you are a direct shareholder of the Fund or you are investing indirectly in the Fund through a financial intermediary, such as a broker-dealer, bank, trust company, insurance company product such as an annuity contract, investment advisor, or an administrator or trustee of an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan such as a 401(k) retirement plan and a 529 college savings plan.
Some financial intermediaries maintain master accounts with the Fund on behalf of their customers (“omnibus accounts”). The Fund has entered into “information sharing agreements” with these financial intermediaries, which permit the Fund to obtain, upon request, information about the trading activity of the intermediary’s customers that invest in the Fund. If the Fund’s transfer agent identifies omnibus account level trading patterns that have the potential to be detrimental to the Fund, the transfer agent may, in its sole discretion, request from the financial intermediary information concerning the trading activity of its customers. Based upon its review of the information, if the transfer agent determines that the trading activity of any customer may be detrimental to the Fund, it may, in its sole discretion, request the financial intermediary to restrict or limit further trading in the Fund by that customer. There can be no assurance that the transfer agent’s monitoring of omnibus account level trading patterns will enable it to identify all short-term trading by a financial intermediary’s customers.
Revocation of trades. While the Fund reserves the right to reject any purchase order for any reason, the Fund may also revoke executed purchase orders that the transfer agent reasonably concludes in its sole discretion may have been contrary to the objectives of the Fund's Frequent Trading Policy.
Account Policies
Calculating Share Price
Class A & C
When you buy shares, you pay the "offering price" for the shares. The "offering price" is determined by dividing the NAV per share by an amount equal to 1 minus the sales charge applicable to the purchase (expressed in decimals), calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The number of Fund shares you will be issued will equal the amount invested divided by the applicable offering price for those shares, calculated to three decimal places using standard rounding criteria. For example, if the NAV per share is $10.25 and the applicable sales charge for the purchase is 5.75%, the offering price would be calculated as follows: 10.25 divided by 1.00 minus 0.0575 [10.25/0.9425] equals 10.87533, which, when rounded to two decimal points, equals 10.88. The offering price per share would be $10.88.
When you sell shares, you receive the NAV minus any applicable CDSC.
All Classes
The value of a mutual fund is determined by deducting the fund’s liabilities from the total assets of the portfolio. The NAV per share is determined by dividing the total net asset value of each fund’s share class by the applicable number of shares outstanding per share class.
The Fund calculates the NAV per share each business day at the close of trading on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) (normally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time). The Fund does not calculate the NAV on days the NYSE is closed for trading, which include New Year's Day, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, President's Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day and Christmas Day.
When determining its NAV, the Fund values cash and receivables at their realizable amounts, and records interest as accrued and dividends on the ex-dividend date. The Fund generally utilizes two independent pricing services to assist in determining a current market value for each security. If market quotations are readily available for portfolio securities listed on a securities exchange, the Fund values those securities at the last quoted sale price or the official closing price of the day, respectively, or, if there is no reported sale, within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. The Fund values over-the-counter portfolio securities within the range of the most recent bid and ask prices. If portfolio securities trade both in the over-the-counter market and on a stock exchange, the Fund values them according to the broadest and most representative market.
Requests to buy and sell shares are processed at the NAV next calculated after we receive your request in proper form.
Generally, trading in corporate bonds, U.S. government securities and money market instruments is substantially completed each day at various times before the close of the NYSE. The value of these securities used in computing the NAV is determined as of such times. Occasionally, events affecting the values of these securities may occur between the times at which they are determined and the close of the NYSE that will not be reflected in the computation of the NAV. The Fund relies on third-party pricing vendors to monitor for events materially affecting the value of these securities during this period. If an event occurs, the third-party pricing vendors will provide revised values to the Fund.
Fair Valuation – Individual Securities
Since the Fund may invest in securities that are restricted, unlisted, traded infrequently, thinly traded, or relatively illiquid, there is the possibility of a differential between the last available market prices for one or more of those securities and the latest indications of market values for those securities. The Fund has procedures, approved by the board of trustees, to determine the fair value of individual securities and other assets for which market prices are not readily available (such as certain restricted or unlisted securities and private placements) or which may not be reliably priced (such as in the case of trade suspensions or halts, price movement limits set by certain foreign markets, and thinly traded or illiquid securities). Some methods for valuing these securities may include: fundamental analysis (earnings multiple, etc.), matrix pricing, discounts from market prices of similar securities, or discounts applied due to the nature and duration of restrictions on the disposition of the securities. The board of trustees oversees the application of fair value pricing procedures.
The application of fair value pricing procedures represents a good faith determination based upon specifically applied procedures. There can be no assurance that the Fund could obtain the fair value assigned to a security if it were able to sell the security at approximately the time at which the Fund determines its NAV per share.
Security Valuation – Foreign Securities – Computation of U.S. Equivalent Value
The Fund generally determines the value of a foreign security as of the close of trading on the foreign stock exchange on which the security is primarily traded, or as of the close of trading on the NYSE, if earlier. The value is then converted into its U.S. dollar equivalent at the foreign exchange rate in effect at the close of the NYSE (generally 1:00 p.m. Pacific time) on the day that the value of the foreign security is determined. If no sale is reported at that time, the foreign security will be valued within the range of the most recent quoted bid and ask prices. Occasionally events (such as repatriation limits or restrictions) may impact the availability or reliability of foreign exchange rates used to convert the U.S. dollar equivalent value. If such an event occurs, the foreign exchange rate will be valued at fair value using procedures established and approved by the board of trustees.
Accounts with Low Balances
If your account has been open for more than one year and its value falls below $500 ($50 for employee and UGMA/UTMA accounts), we will mail you a notice asking you to bring the account back up to its applicable minimum investment amount. If you choose not to do so within 30 days, we will close your account and mail the proceeds to the address of record. You will not be charged a CDSC if your account is closed for this reason. This policy does not apply to: (1) certain broker-controlled accounts established through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s Networking system; (2) accounts in Class B and Class A accounts established pursuant to a conversion from Class B; (3) tax-deferred retirement plan accounts; (4) active automatic investment plan accounts; (5) broker-dealer sponsored separately managed accounts (wrap accounts); (6) accounts held through a 529 college savings program; and, (7) Coverdell Education Savings Plan accounts.
Statements, Reports and Prospectuses
You will receive quarterly account statements that show all your account transactions during the quarter. You also will receive written notification after each transaction affecting your account (except for distributions and transactions made through automatic investment or withdrawal programs, which will be reported on your quarterly statement).
You also will receive the Fund's financial reports every six months as well as an annual updated prospectus. To reduce Fund expenses, we try to identify related shareholders in a household and send only one copy of the financial reports and prospectus. This process, called "householding," will continue indefinitely unless you instruct us otherwise. If you prefer not to have these documents householded, please call us at (800) 632-2301. At any time you may view current prospectuses and financial reports on our website.
If you choose, you may receive your statements, financial reports and prospectuses through electronic delivery (please see "Investor Services - Telephone/Online Privileges").
Investment Representative Account Access
If there is a dealer or other investment representative of record on your account, he or she will be able to obtain your account information, conduct transactions for your account, and also will receive copies of all notifications and statements and other information about your account directly from the Fund.
Street or Nominee Accounts
You may transfer your shares from the street or nominee name account of one dealer to another, as long as both dealers have an agreement with Distributors. We will process the transfer after we receive authorization in proper form from your delivering securities dealer.
Joint Accounts
Unless you specify a different registration, shares issued to two or more owners are registered as "joint tenants with rights of survivorship" (shown as "Jt Ten" on your account statement). To make any ownership changes to jointly owned shares, or to sever a joint tenancy in jointly owned shares, all owners must agree in writing.
Joint Account Risk with Telephone/Online Privileges
You will automatically receive telephone/online privileges when you open your account. If your account has more than one registered owner, telephone/online privileges allow the Fund to accept online registration for online services (including electronic delivery of shareholder documents) and transaction instructions online or by telephone from only one registered owner. This means that any one registered owner on your account, acting alone and without the consent of any other registered owner , may give the Fund instructions by telephone, online or in writing (subject to any limitations in telephone or online privileges) to:
If you do NOT want another registered owner on your account to be able to issue these kinds of instructions to the Fund without your consent, you must instruct the Fund to deny/terminate online privileges and the ability to issue such instructions by telephone so that these types of instructions will only be accepted in writing signed by all account owners. This decision will apply to any other fund into which you may exchange your jointly owned Fund shares. Any later decision to permit these types of instructions by telephone and/or online will need to be given to the Fund in a written instruction signed by all registered owners.
Additional Policies
Please note that the Fund maintains additional policies and reserves certain rights, including:
Dealer Compensation
Class A & C
Qualifying dealers who sell Fund shares may receive sales commissions and other payments. These are paid by Distributors from sales charges received from purchasing or redeeming shareholders, from distribution and service (12b-1) fees from the Fund and from Distributors' other financial resources. Dealers may also receive shareholder servicing fees for servicing investors who indirectly hold Franklin Templeton fund shares through dealer-maintained brokerage accounts as more fully described under "Shareholder servicing and transfer agent" in the SAI. These fees are paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
No dealer commission will be paid on Class A NAV purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
If any dealer commissions are paid in connection with a purchase which is subsequently rejected or results in any trading restriction placed on the purchaser as a result of a determination by the Fund's manager or transfer agent that the purchase may be connected with trading activity that may be detrimental to the Fund as described in the Fund's "Frequent Trading Policy," the dealer shall, upon demand, refund such commissions to Distributors.
BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND |
Class A | |
Commission (%) | -- |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 1 |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 1, 2 |
NATURAL RESOURCES FUND |
Class A | Class C | |
Commission (%) | -- | 1.00 3 |
Investment under $50,000 | 5.00 | -- |
$50,000 but under $100,000 | 3.75 | -- |
$100,000 but under $250,000 | 2.80 | -- |
$250,000 but under $500,000 | 2.00 | -- |
$500,000 but under $1 million | 1.60 | -- |
$1 million or more | up to 1.00 1 | -- |
12b-1 fee to dealer | 0.25 1, 2 | 1.00 4 |
1. For purchases at NAV where Distributors paid a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee in the 13th month after purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
2. Under the Distribution Plan for Class A, the Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which 0.10% generally will be retained by Distributors for its distribution expenses. The board of trustees has determined to reduce such fees under the Plan from 0.35% to 0.30%, thus reducing the amount that will be retained by Distributors.
3. Commission includes advance of the first year's 0.25% 12b-1 service fee. Distributors may pay a prepaid commission. However, Distributors does not pay a prepaid commission on any purchases by Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans.
4. Dealers may be eligible to receive up to 0.25% at the time of purchase and may be eligible to receive 1% starting in the 13th month. During the first 12 months, the full 12b-1 fee will be paid to Distributors to partially offset the commission and the prepaid service fee paid at the time of purchase. For purchases at NAV where Distributors did not pay a prepaid commission, dealers may start to receive the 12b-1 fee at the time of purchase.
Other dealer and financial intermediary compensation. Distributors may make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain dealers who have sold shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds. In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds, and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets of equity (or fixed income) funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed this limitation. Distributors makes these payments in connection with the qualifying dealers' efforts to educate financial advisors about the Franklin Templeton funds. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its affiliates may also make payments (a portion of which may be reimbursable under the terms of the Fund's Rule 12b-1 distribution plans) to certain financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of the Franklin Templeton mutual funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis.
A number of factors will be considered in determining these payments, including the qualifying dealer or financial intermediary's sales, assets and redemption rates, the nature and quality of any servicing provided by the financial intermediary, and the quality of the dealer or financial intermediary's relationship with Distributors. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine the advisability of continuing these payments. These payments may be in addition to any shareholder servicing fees paid by the Fund's transfer agent from payments it receives under its agreement with the Fund.
To the extent permitted by SEC and Financial Industry Regulatory Authority rules and other applicable laws and regulations, Distributors may pay or allow other promotional incentives or payments to dealers.
Sale of Fund shares, as well as shares of other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, is not considered a factor in the selection of broker-dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. Accordingly, the allocation of portfolio transactions for execution by broker-dealers that sell Fund shares is not considered marketing support payments to such broker-dealers.
You can find further details in the SAI about the payments made by Distributors and the services provided by your financial advisor. Your financial advisor may charge you additional fees or commissions other than those disclosed in this prospectus. You should ask your financial advisor for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services it provides, as well as about fees and/or commissions it charges.
Questions
If you have any questions about the Fund or your account, you can write to us at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151. You also can call us at one of the following numbers. For your protection and to help ensure we provide you with quality service, all calls may be monitored or recorded.
Department Name | Telephone Number |
Hours (Pacific time,
Monday through Friday) |
Shareholder Services | (800) 632-2301 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Fund Information |
(800) DIAL BEN
(800) 342-5236 |
5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Retirement Services | (800) 527-2020 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Advisor Services | (800) 524-4040 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Institutional Services | (800) 321-8563 | 6:00 a.m. to 4:00 p.m. |
TDD (hearing impaired) | (800) 851-0637 | 5:30 a.m. to 5:00 p.m. |
Automated Telephone System |
(800) 632-2301
(800) 524-4040 (800) 527-2020 |
(around-the-clock access) |
FOR MORE INFORMATION
You can learn more about the Fund in the following documents:
Annual/Semiannual Report to Shareholders
Includes a discussion of recent market conditions and Fund strategies that significantly affected Fund performance during its last fiscal year, financial statements, detailed performance information, portfolio holdings and, in the annual report only, the independent registered public accounting firm’s report.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI)
Contains more information about the Fund, its investments and policies. It is incorporated by reference (is legally a part of this prospectus).
For a free copy of the current annual/semiannual report or the SAI, please contact your investment representative or call us at the number below. You also can view the current annual/semiannual report and the SAI online through franklintempleton.com.
You also can obtain information about the Fund by visiting the SEC's Public Reference Room in Washington, DC (phone (202) 551-8090) or the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. You can obtain copies of this information, after paying a duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC's Public Reference Section, Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by electronic request at the following email address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
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One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
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Investment Company Act file #811-06243 |
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2264 |
FSS2 P 09/09 |
Franklin Strategic Income Fund Franklin Strategic Series Class A, B, C, R & Advisor STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2009 |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
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This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Fund's prospectus. The Fund’s prospectus, dated September 1, 2009, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Fund’s prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI).
For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/
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CONTENTS
194 SAI 09/09 |
The information provided with respect to the Fund is in addition to that included in the Fund's prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies mentioned with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.”
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the board of trustees without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The Fund’s principal investment goal is to earn a high level of current income. Its secondary goal is capital appreciation over the long term.
The Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
7. Invest more than 25% of the Fund's net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies).
8. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Additional StrategiesIn trying to achieve its investment goals, the Fund may invest in the types of securities or engage in the types of transactions identified below. The Fund may not use all of these techniques at any one time. A more detailed description of the investment policies as well as the risks associated with these investment policies that the Fund uses is included in the section “Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.”
The Fund may:
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in securities that are rated by various rating services such as Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ).
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the securities owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the securities owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular security that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
Asset-backed securities The Fund may invest in asset-backed securities, including adjustable-rate asset-backed securities that have interest rates that reset at periodic intervals. Asset-backed securities are similar to mortgage-backed securities. The underlying assets, however, may include receivables on home equity and credit card loans, and automobile, mobile home, and recreational vehicle loans and leases and other assets. Asset-backed securities are issued in either a pass-through structure (similar to a mortgage pass-through structure) or a pay-through structure (similar to a CMO structure). There may be other types of asset-backed securities that are developed in the future in which the Fund may invest. The rate of principal payment on asset-backed securities generally depend on the rate of principal payments received on the underlying assets. The payment rate may be affected by various economic and other factors. Therefore, the yield may be difficult to predict, and actual yield to maturity may be more or less than the anticipated yield to maturity.
The credit quality of most asset-backed securities depends primarily on the credit quality of the underlying assets, how well the issuers of the securities are insulated from the credit risk of the originator or affiliated entities, and the amount of credit support provided to the securities. Asset-backed securities entail certain risks not presented by mortgage-backed securities as they do not have the benefit of the same type of security interests in the underlying collateral. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and a number of state and federal consumer credit laws give debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the outstanding balance. The Fund’s return on an investment in asset-backed securities for which automobile receivables are the underlying assets may be affected by early pre-payment of principal on the underlying vehicle sales contracts. The issuer of asset-backed securities may be prevented from realizing the full amount due on an automobile sales contract because of state law requirements and restrictions relating to foreclosure sales of vehicles and the obtaining of deficiency judgments following such sales or because of depreciation, damage or loss of a vehicle, the application of bankruptcy and insolvency laws, or other factors. As a result, the Fund may experience delays in payments or losses.
Asset-backed securities are often backed by a pool of assets representing the obligations of a number of different parties. To lessen the effect of failures by obligors on the underlying assets to make payments, asset-backed securities may contain elements of credit support. Credit support falls into two categories: (i) liquidity protection and (ii) protection against losses from the default by an obligor on the underlying assets. Liquidity protection refers to advances, generally provided by the entity administering the pool of assets, to ensure that the receipt of payments due on the underlying pool is timely. Protection against losses from the default by an obligor enhances the likelihood of payments of the obligations on at least some of the assets in the pool. This protection may be provided through guarantees, insurance policies or letters of credit obtained by the issuer or sponsor from third parties, through various means of structuring the transaction, or through a combination of these approaches. The Fund will not pay any additional fees for credit support, although the existence of credit support may increase the price of a security.
Examples of credit support arising out of the structure of the transaction include "senior subordinated securities" (multiple class securities with one or more classes that are subordinate to the other classes with respect to the payment of principal and interest, with the result that defaults on the underlying assets are borne first by the holders of the subordinated class), creation of "reserve funds" (where cash or investments, sometimes funded from a portion of the payments on the underlying assets, are held in reserve against future losses), and "over-collateralization" (where the scheduled payments on, or the principal amount of, the underlying assets exceeds that required to make payments on the securities and pay any servicing or other fees). The degree of credit support provided is generally based on historical information respecting the level of credit risk associated with the underlying assets. Delinquencies or losses in excess of those anticipated could adversely affect the return on an investment in the securities.
Borrowing Under the 1940 Act and the SEC’s current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, the Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks to increase its holdings of portfolio securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund’s holdings may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund’s net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may also borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan shall be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Borrowing under the TALF Program. The Fund may participate in the Term Asset-Backed Securities Loan Facility (“TALF”) provided by the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (the “NY Fed”). Under the TALF lending program (the “TALF Program”), the NY Fed provides non-recourse funding to eligible borrowers, such as the Funds, to purchase “TALF Eligible Securities.” TALF Eligible Securities currently include certain AAA-rated asset-backed securities backed by newly and recently originated automobile loans, credit card loans, student loans and SBA-guaranteed small business loans as well as certain commercial mortgage-backed securities and securities backed by insurance premium finance loans. The specifics of what constitute TALF Eligible Securities are set forth from time to time in the TALF Loan Facility Terms and Conditions published from time to time by the NY Fed. Under the TALF Program, the Fund is able to borrow from the NY Fed, on a non-recourse basis, to purchase TALF Eligible Securities by paying up-front a haircut amount (the amount of which is set from time to time by the NY Fed) that ranges generally from 5 to 15% of the TALF Eligible Security, pledging such TALF Eligible Security as collateral for such loan, and paying certain administrative and other fees. The term of TALF loans are generally three or five years depending upon the type of collateral pledged by the Fund. The interest and principal paid on the collateral is received on behalf of the NY Fed, and amounts remaining after payment of interest and principal then due on the loan are remitted to the Fund. The Fund remains responsible for any principal loss on a TALF Eligible Security purchased by the Fund. If, however, the Fund determines that the principal loss is in an amount equal to or greater than the Fund’s haircut for the related TALF loan, the Fund may choose to exercise its rights under the TALF Program to put such TALF Eligible Security back to the NY Fed in complete satisfaction of the Fund’s obligations under the related TALF loan. Thus, a Fund will not be at risk, except in very limited circumstances, for losses in excess of its haircut because of the non-recourse nature of the TALF loans and the Fund’s ability to put back the collateral to cancel the loan.
A borrowing by the Fund under the TALF Program is subject to similar risks associated with borrowings from banks as described above under “Borrowing.” However, pursuant to a no-action letter issued by the Staff of the SEC to the funds within Franklin Templeton Investments, in lieu of complying with the 300% asset coverage requirements of Section 18 of the 1940 Act, a Fund need only segregate, on its books or the books of its custodian, liquid assets in an amount equal to the outstanding principal and interest due on the TALF loan. Thus, the combination of this asset segregation requirement and the pledge of TALF Eligible Securities ensure that the Fund’s borrowing under the TALF Program will, in effect, have asset coverage of at least 200%. Borrowing under the TALF Program also may cause the Fund to incur costs, in addition to the interest due, including an administrative fee imposed by the NY Fed (currently between 5 and 20 bps) and certain other fees that may be charged by the primary dealers.
While not anticipated, should the periodic interest and principal payments due on a TALF loan exceed the amounts received on the pledged TALF Eligible Security, the Fund may be required to pay such additional amounts from its other portfolio assets which could cause the Fund to sell other securities or investments at times when it might not otherwise choose to do so. In addition, in some instances, the Fund may be deemed to have earned income on the pledged collateral that must be paid out to shareholders under applicable Federal tax regulations without receiving cash sufficient to make such distributions. The Fund has also agreed not to exercise or refrain from exercising any vote, consent or waiver rights under a TALF Eligible Security without consent of the NY Fed.
With respect to the Fund’s investment policy relating to investments in illiquid securities, during those times, if any, when a TALF Eligible Security subject to a loan is considered to be an “illiquid security,” the Fund will count as illiquid only the amount by which the fair value of such security exceeds the amount of the TALF loan.
Corporate loans, loan assignments and loan participations and corporate debt securities The Fund may invest in income-producing floating interest rate corporate loans made to, and corporate debt securities issued by, U.S. and non-U.S. corporations, companies and other business organizations and their U.S. and non-U.S. subsidiaries, each of which is referred to as a borrower.
Corporate loans typically are structured and negotiated by a group of financial institutions, including in some cases, the Fund, each of which is referred to as a lender, that provide the monies loaned to the borrowers. In return, the borrower pays interest and principal to the lenders. Such corporate loans typically pay interest rates that are re-determined periodically on the basis of a floating base lending rate such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR) plus a premium. The Fund may acquire corporate loans directly at the time of closing or by buying an assignment of all or a portion of the corporate loan from a lender. The Fund may also acquire indirect ownership of the corporate loan by buying a loan participation from a lender. Corporate loans may include term loans and, to the extent permissible for the Fund, revolving credit facilities, prefunded L/C term loans, delayed draw term loans and receivables purchase facilities.
Loans negotiated by the agent bank. Each type of corporate loan in which the Fund may invest typically is structured by a group of lenders. This means that the lenders participate in the negotiations with the corporate borrower and in the drafting of the terms of the corporate loan. The group of lenders often consists of commercial banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies, finance companies, other financial institutions, or in some cases investment companies such as the Fund. Under normal circumstances, the Fund will not act as the sole negotiator or sole originator for a corporate loan. One or more of the lenders usually administers the corporate loan on behalf of all the lenders; this lender is referred to as the agent bank.
Three ways to invest in corporate loans. The Fund may invest in corporate loans in one of three ways. The Fund may: (i) make a direct investment in a corporate loan by participating as one of the initial lenders; (ii) purchase a participation interest in a corporate loan; or (iii) purchase an assignment of a corporate loan. Participation interests are interests issued by a lender or other financial institution, which usually represent a fractional interest in a corporate loan. The Fund may acquire participation interests from a lender or other holders of participation interests. An assignment represents all or a portion of a corporate loan previously owned by a different lender. Unlike a participation interest, the Fund will generally become a lender for the purposes of the relevant corporate loan agreement by purchasing an assignment.
1. Direct investments in corporate loans. It can be advantageous to the Fund to make a direct investment in a corporate loan as one of the lenders. When a new issue is purchased, such an investment is typically made at a discount. This means that the Fund receives a return at the full interest rate for the corporate loan. However, secondary purchases of loans may be made at par, at a premium from par or at a discount from par. Consequently, the Fund’s return on such an investment may be lower than it would have been if the Fund had made a direct investment in the underlying corporate loan. At certain times when reduced opportunities for direct investment in corporate loans may exist, the Fund may be able to invest in corporate loans only through participation interests or assignments.
2. Assignments of corporate loans. If the Fund purchases an assignment of a corporate loan from a lender, the Fund will step into the shoes of the original lender and will have direct contractual rights against the corporate borrower in favor of the lenders. An assignment from a lender gives the Fund the right to receive payments directly from the corporate borrower and to enforce its rights as a lender directly against the corporate borrower.
3. Participation interests in corporate loans. In contrast to an assignment, if the Fund purchases a participation interest either from a lender or a participant, the Fund typically will have established a direct contractual relationship with the seller of the participation interest, but not with the corporate borrower. Consequently, the Fund is subject to the credit risk of the lender or participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, in addition to the usual credit risk of the corporate borrower. Therefore, when the Fund considers an investment in corporate loans through the purchase of participation interests, its manager will take into account the creditworthiness of the agent bank and any lenders and participants interposed between the Fund and the corporate borrower. These parties are referred to as Intermediate Participants. At the time of the Fund’s investment, the Intermediate Participant's outstanding debt obligations must be investment grade. That is, it must be rated in one of the four highest rating categories assigned by a nationally recognized statistical rating organization (NRSRO), such as BBB, A-3 or higher by S&P ® or Baa, P-3 or higher by Moody's. If unrated, the manager must determine that the obligations are of comparable quality.
Despite this risk, however, loan participations may enable the Fund to acquire an interest in a corporate loan from a borrower, which it could not do directly. While loan participations generally trade at a discount, the Fund may buy participations trading at a premium. Under normal circumstances, loan participations that sell at a discount indicate the borrower may have credit problems or other issues associated with the credit risk of the loan. To the extent the credit problems are resolved, loan participations may appreciate in value.
In the event the corporate borrower fails to pay principal and interest when due, the Fund may have to assert rights against the borrower through an Intermediate Participant. This may subject the Fund to delays, expenses and risks that are greater than those that would be involved if the Fund could enforce its rights directly against the corporate borrower. Also, in the event of the insolvency of the lender or Intermediate Participant who sold the participation interest to the Fund, the Fund may not have any exclusive or senior claim with respect to the lender’s interest in the corporate loan, or in the collateral securing the corporate loan. Consequently, the Fund might not benefit directly from the collateral supporting the underlying corporate loan. The risk that the Intermediate Participant may become insolvent means that payments of principal and/or interest may be held up or not paid by such participant or such participant may not have the resources to assert its and the Fund's rights against the corporate borrower. Similar risks may arise with respect to the agent bank, as described below.
Obligations to make future advances. For revolving credit facility corporate loans (“revolvers”) and some types of delayed draw loans, lenders, including the Fund, and Intermediate Participants may have an obligation to make future advances to the corporate borrower at the demand of the borrower and may have certain other continuing obligations pursuant to the terms of these types of corporate loans. Receivables purchase facilities may be structured as revolvers that are secured by the borrower’s receivables.
For these loans, the Fund or its custodian will segregate on the books of the Fund an amount of cash or other liquid assets equivalent in value to meet such future obligations. Because the Fund segregates such assets on its or its custodian's books for such contingent obligations, the manager believes that such obligations do not constitute senior securities of the Fund as interpreted by the SEC under the 1940 Act.
Delayed draw term loans. Delayed draw term loans have characteristics of both revolvers and term loans, in that, before they are drawn upon by the borrower, they are similar to a revolver; however when they are drawn upon, they become fully and permanently drawn and are in essence term loans. These delayed draw term loans may be drawn upon by the borrower for the given commitment period for various purposes, including making acquisitions. The borrower pays a fee during the commitment period. Upon funding, when a loan is drawn upon, the loan becomes permanently funded, repaid principal amounts may not be reborrowed and interest accrues on the amount outstanding.
Prefunded L/C term loans. A prefunded L/C term loan (prefunded L/C loan) is a facility created by the borrower in conjunction with the agent bank as issuers of the loan. The prefunded L/C loan is backed by letters of credit (each letter, an “L/C”). Each lender such as the Fund, in a prefunded L/C loan (sometimes referred to as a funded letter of credit facility) fully funds its commitment amount to the agent bank for the facility. The funds are held by the agent bank solely to satisfy a prefunded L/C loan lender’s obligation to the agent bank under the facility. The funds paid by the lenders are invested by the agent bank as deposits that pay interest usually approximating a benchmark rate, such as LIBOR, which is paid to the borrower. Generally, the borrower, via the agent bank, pays the lenders an interest rate, equivalent to the fully drawn spread plus the benchmark rate, usually LIBOR. The funds will be returned to the Fund as a lender upon termination of the prefunded L/C loan (and upon satisfaction of all obligations). Under the terms of the prefunded L/C loan agreement, a lender, such as the Fund, may sell and assign all or a portion of its interest in the loan to another lender so long as the other lender is eligible and agrees to the terms and conditions of the prefunded L/C loan agreement.
Whenever the borrower needs funds, it draws against the prefunded L/C loan and the agent bank makes payment to the borrower by withdrawing some of the amount invested as deposits. Consequently, the lenders do not have to advance any additional funds at the time the borrower draws against the prefunded L/C loan.
Risks of investments in corporate loans
Creditworthiness. Lending to companies with poor creditworthiness involves substantially greater risks to the Fund, and may be highly speculative. Some companies may never pay off their loans, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed. Consequently, when lending to companies with poor credit, the Fund bears a substantial risk of losing the entire amount invested. In addition, loans may be issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions. This means that the borrower is assuming large amounts of debt in order to have large amounts of financial resources to attempt to achieve its business objectives; there is no guarantee, however, that the borrower will achieve its business objectives. Loans issued in leveraged or highly leveraged transactions are subject to greater credit risks than other loans, including an increased possibility that the borrower might default or go into bankruptcy and the Fund might have more difficulty selling such investments because they may be less liquid. The value of such loans may also be more volatile.
Nonpayment of interest and/or principal. Corporate loans are subject to the risk of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal. Such nonpayment would result in a reduction of income to the Fund, a likely reduction in the value of the investment and a potential decrease in the net asset value of the Fund.
Insufficient collateral. The terms of each senior secured corporate loan and corporate debt security require that the collateral securing the obligation has a fair market value at least equal to 100% of the amount of such corporate loan at the time of the loan. The manager generally will determine the value of the collateral by customary valuation techniques that it considers appropriate. The collateral may consist of various types of assets or interests including tangible or intangible assets, working capital assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, or tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment, tangible or intangible assets, such as trademarks, copyrights and patent rights, or security interests in securities of subsidiaries or affiliates. The collateral may consist of various types of assets or interests including intangible assets. It may include working capital assets, such as accounts receivable or inventory, or tangible fixed assets, such as real property, buildings and equipment. It may include intangible assets, such as trademarks, copyrights and patent rights, or security interests in securities of subsidiaries or affiliates. The borrower's owners may provide additional security. The value of the collateral, however, may decline following investment by the Fund in the corporate loan. Also, collateral may be difficult to sell and there are other risks which may cause the collateral to be insufficient in the event of a default. Consequently, there can be no assurance that the liquidation of any collateral securing a corporate loan would satisfy the borrower’s obligation in the event of nonpayment of scheduled interest or principal payments, or that such collateral could be readily liquidated. In the event of bankruptcy of a borrower, the Fund could experience delays or limitations with respect to its ability to realize the benefits of any collateral securing a corporate loan. Collateral securing a corporate loan may lose all or substantially all of its value in the event of bankruptcy of a borrower. Some corporate loans are subject to the risk that a court, pursuant to fraudulent conveyance or other similar laws, could order currently existing or future indebtedness of the corporate borrower to be paid ahead of the corporate loans making repayment of the corporate loans in part or in full less likely, or could take other action detrimental to the holders of the corporate loans including, in certain circumstances, invalidating such corporate loans or causing interest previously paid to be refunded to the borrower. If interest were required to be refunded, it could negatively affect the Fund’s performance.
Publicly available information and ratings. Many corporate loans in which the Fund may invest may not be rated by a rating agency, will not be registered with the SEC or any state securities commission and will not be listed on any national securities exchange. The amount of public information available with respect to corporate loans will generally be less than that available for registered or exchange listed securities. In evaluating the creditworthiness of borrowers, the manager may consider, and may rely in part, on analyses performed by others. Borrowers may have outstanding debt obligations that are rated below investment grade by a rating agency. Corporate loans held by the Fund directly or as a participation interest or assignment of the loan may be assigned ratings below investment grade by a rating agency, or may be unrated but judged by the manager to be of comparable quality.
The Fund's investments may be either unrated or rated by one or more rating agencies, such as S&P ® or Moody's. These organizations rate obligations by grading the company issuing the obligations based upon its financial soundness. When the Fund is considering investing in an obligation that is unrated, the manager will determine its quality.
Liquidity of corporate loans. The manager generally considers corporate loans, loan participations and assignments of corporate loans to be liquid. To the extent such investments are deemed to be liquid by the manager, they will not be subject to the Fund’s restrictions on investments in illiquid securities. Prefunded L/C loans, delayed draw loans and receivables purchase facilities are somewhat newer types of loans to borrowers, but generally also permit the lenders, including the Fund, to assign and transfer their interests in such loans to other parties. Generally, a liquid market with institutional buyers exists for such interests. The manager monitors each type of loan and/or loan interest in which the Fund is invested to determine whether it is liquid consistent with the liquidity procedures adopted by the Fund.
However, no active trading market may exist for some corporate loans and some corporate loans may be subject to restrictions on resale. A secondary market in corporate loans may be subject to irregular trading activity, wide bid/ask spreads and extended trade settlement periods, which may impair the ability to realize full value on sale of a corporate loan and thus cause a decline in the Fund’s net asset value, which could be material. In addition, the Fund may not be able to readily dispose of its corporate loans at prices that approximate those at which the Fund could sell such loans if they were more widely traded. As a result of such illiquidity, the Fund may have to sell other investments or engage in borrowing transactions if necessary to raise cash to meet its obligations. During periods of limited supply and liquidity of corporate loans, the Fund’s yield may be lower.
Risks based on agent banks and/or intermediate participants. The agent bank is a lender that administers the corporate loan. The agent bank typically is responsible for collecting principal, interest and fee payments from the corporate borrower. The agent bank then distributes these payments to all lenders that are parties to the corporate loan. The Fund will not act as an agent bank. The Fund generally will rely on the agent bank or an Intermediate Participant to collect its portion of the payments. The Fund will also rely on the agent bank to take appropriate actions against a corporate borrower that is not making payments as scheduled. Typically, the agent bank is given broad discretion in enforcing the terms of the corporate loan, and is required to use only the same care it would use in the management of its own property. The corporate borrower compensates the agent bank for these services. Such compensation may include special fees paid at the start of corporate loans and other fees paid on a continuing basis.
In the event that a corporate borrower becomes bankrupt or insolvent, the borrower may attempt to assert certain legal defenses as a result of improper conduct by the agent bank or Intermediate Participant.
There is a risk that an agent bank may have financial difficulty. An agent bank could even declare bankruptcy, or have a receiver, conservator, or similar official appointed for it by a regulatory authority. If this happens, assets held by the agent bank under the corporate loan should remain available to holders of corporate loans, including the Fund. However, a regulatory authority or court may determine that assets held by the agent bank for the benefit of the Fund are subject to the claims of the agent bank’s general or secured creditors. The Fund might incur costs and delays in realizing payment on a corporate loan or might suffer a loss of principal or interest. Similar risks arise in situations involving Intermediate Participants, as described above.
Covenants. The borrower under a corporate loan generally must comply with various restrictive covenants contained in any corporate loan agreement between the borrower and the lending syndicate or in any trust indenture or comparable document in connection with a corporate debt security. A restrictive covenant is a promise by the borrower to take certain actions that protect, or not to take certain action that may impair, the rights of lenders. These covenants, in addition to requiring the scheduled payment of interest and principal, may include restrictions on dividend payments and other distributions to shareholders, provisions requiring the borrower to maintain specific financial ratios or relationships regarding, and/or limits on, total debt. In addition, a covenant may require the borrower to prepay the corporate loan or corporate debt security with any excess cash flow. Excess cash flow generally includes net cash flow after scheduled debt service payments and permitted capital expenditures, among other things, as well as the proceeds from asset dispositions or sales of securities. A breach of a covenant (after giving effect to any cure period) in a corporate loan agreement which is not waived by the agent bank and the lending syndicate normally is an event of acceleration. This means that the agent bank has the right to demand immediate repayment in full of the outstanding corporate loan. Acceleration may also occur in the case of the breach of a covenant in a corporate debt security document.
Some of the loans available in the market are known as "covenant lite." These loans contain fewer or no maintenance covenants. A covenant lite loan does not include the legal clauses which allow a lender to control and track the performance of a company and declare a default if certain criteria are breached. The Fund may experience delays in enforcing its rights on its holdings of covenant lite loans.
Collateralized loan obligations The Fund may invest in collateralized loan obligations (CLOs) and other similarly structured securities. CLOs are interests in a trust typically collateralized by a pool of corporate loans, which may include, among others, domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans, and subordinate corporate loans made to domestic and foreign borrowers, including loans that may be rated below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans. The Fund only will invest in one of the top two tranches of a CLO that is rated "A" or higher by an appropriate rating agency.
In a CLO, the interests in the trust are split into two or more portions, called tranches, varying in risk and yield. The riskiest portion is the “equity” tranche which bears the bulk of defaults barring more from the bonds or loans in the trust and serves to protect the other, more senior tranches from default in severe, and generally unforeseen, defaults or collateral payments circumstances. Because they are partially protected from defaults, senior tranches from a CLO trust typically have higher ratings and lower yields than the underlying collateral securities held by the trust, and can be rated investment grade. Despite the protection from the equity tranche, CLO tranches can experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, increased sensitivity to defaults due to collateral default and disappearance of protecting tranches, market anticipation of defaults, as well as aversion to CLO securities as a class. Prices of CLO tranches have declined considerably over the last several months. The drop in prices was initially triggered by the subprime mortgage crisis.
The risks of an investment in a CLO depend largely on the type of collateral securities held by the Trust and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. Investment risk may also be affected by the performance of a CLO’s collateral manager (the entity responsible for selecting and managing the pool of collateral securities held by the CLO trust), especially during a period of market volatility like that recently experienced. Normally, CLOs are privately offered and sold, and thus, are not registered under the securities laws. As a result, investments in CLOs may be characterized by the Fund as illiquid securities; however an active dealer market may exist for CLOs allowing a CLO to qualify for Rule 144A transactions. In addition to the normal risks associated with fixed income securities (e.g., interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk), CLOs carry additional risks including, but not limited to: (i) the possibility that distributions from collateral securities will not be adequate to make interest or other payments; (ii) the quality of the collateral may decline in value or go into default; (iii) the Fund may invest in tranches of a CLO that are subordinate to other classes; and (iv) the complex structure of the security may not be fully understood at the time of investment and may produce disputes with the issuer or unexpected investment results.
Certain issuers of structured investments may be deemed to be "investment companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund's investment in these structured investments may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act. Structured investments are often sold in private placement transactions. To the extent such investments are illiquid, they will be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.
Convertible and synthetic convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. A convertible security may be subject to redemption by the issuer, but only after a specified date and under circumstances established at the time the security is issued. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is “converted,” the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
If the convertible security is issued by an investment bank, the security is an obligation of and is convertible through the issuing investment bank. The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will have recourse only to the issuer.
While the Fund uses the same criteria to rate a convertible debt security that it uses to rate a more conventional debt security, a convertible preferred stock is treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment limitation purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. In addition, distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments.
Synthetic convertibles. A synthetic convertible is created by combining distinct securities that together possess the two principal characteristics of a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in nonconvertible fixed-income securities and in warrants or stock or stock index call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price or to receive cash in the case of stock index options.
Synthetic convertible securities are generally not considered to be “equity securities” for purposes of the Fund's investment policy regarding those securities. Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions and investment banks in private placement transactions. Upon conversion, the Fund generally receives an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security.
Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed-income component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Further, although the manager expects normally to create synthetic convertibles whose two components represent one issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the Fund to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a fixed-income security with a call option on a stock index, when the manager determines that such a combination would better promote the Fund's investment goals. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline.
Another type of synthetic convertible is created by investing in an equity security and selling a call option on that underlying equity security. This structure offers investors a higher current dividend than the underlying common stock in exchange for a cap on the participation in the stock price appreciation.
Credit linked notes (CLNs) A typical CLN is set-up as a “pass-through” note structure created by a broker or bank as an alternative investment for funds or other purchasers to directly buying a bond or group of bonds. CLNs are typically issued at par, with a one to one relationship with the notional value to the underlying bond(s). The performance of the CLN, however, including maturity value, is linked to the performance of the specified underlying bond(s) as well as that of the issuing entity. CLNs are generally considered to be liquid instruments; however, the liquidity of the CLN may be impacted by the liquidity of the underlying reference asset.
In addition to the risk of loss of its principal investment, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of the CLN will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of its investment. A downgrade or impairment to the credit rating of the issuer will also likely impact negatively the price of the CLN, regardless of the price of the bond(s) underlying the CLNs. A CLN is typically structured as limited recourse, unsecured obligation of the issuer of such security such that the security will usually be the obligation solely of the issuer and will not be an obligation or responsibility of any other person, including the issuer of the underlying bond(s).
Most CLNs are structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. However, the market for CLNs may be, or suddenly can become, illiquid. The other parties to the transaction may be the only investors with sufficient understanding of the CLN to be interested in bidding for it. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices of CLNs. In certain cases, a market price for a CLN may not be available or may not be reliable, and the Fund could experience difficulty in selling such security at a price the manager believes is fair.
Credit-linked securities The Fund may buy or sell credit-linked securities. Credit-linked securities are debt securities that represent an interest in a pool of, or are otherwise collateralized by, one or more corporate debt obligations or credit default swaps on corporate debt or bank loan obligations. Such debt obligations may represent the obligations of one or more corporate issuers. The Fund has the right to receive periodic interest payments from the issuer of the credit-linked security (usually the seller of the underlying credit default swap(s)) at an agreed-upon interest rate, and a return of principal at the maturity date.
The Fund bears the risk of loss of its principal investment, and the periodic interest payments expected to be received for the duration of its investment in the credit-linked security, in the event that one or more of the debt obligations underlying bonds or debt obligations underlying the credit default swaps go into default or otherwise become non-performing. Upon the occurrence of such a credit event (including bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, or a restructuring) with respect to an underlying debt obligation (which may represent a credit event of one or more underlying obligees), the Fund will generally reduce the principal balance of the related credit-linked security by the Fund’s pro rata interest in the par amount of the defaulted underlying debt obligation in exchange for the actual value of the defaulted underlying obligation or the defaulted underlying obligation itself, thereby causing the Fund to lose a portion of its investment. As a result, on an ongoing basis, interest on the credit-linked security will accrue on a smaller principal balance and a smaller principal balance will be returned at maturity. To the extent a credit-linked security represents an interest in underlying obligations of a single corporate issuer, a credit event with respect to such issuer presents greater risk of loss to the Fund than if the credit-linked security represented an interest in underlying obligations of multiple corporate issuers.
In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of the credit-linked security will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of its investment and the remaining periodic interest payments thereon.
An investment in credit-linked securities also involves reliance on the counterparty to the swap entered into with the issuer to make periodic payments to the issuer under the terms of the credit default swap. Any delay or cessation in the making of such payments may be expected in certain instances to result in delays or reductions in payments to the Fund as an investor in such credit-linked securities. Additionally, credit-linked securities are typically structured as limited recourse obligations of the issuer of such securities such that the securities issued will usually be obligations solely of the issuer and will not be obligations or responsibilities of any other person.
Most credit-linked securities are structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. The Fund will generally only purchase credit-linked securities which are determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund’s liquidity guidelines. However, the market for credit-linked securities may be, or suddenly can become, illiquid. The other parties to the transaction may be the only investors with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for it. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for credit-linked securities. In certain cases, a market price for a credit-linked security may not be available or may not be reliable, and the Fund could experience difficulty in selling such security at a price the investment manager believes is fair. In the event a credit-linked security is deemed to be illiquid, the Fund will include such security in calculating its limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
The value of a credit-linked security will typically increase or decrease with any change in value of the underlying debt obligations, if any, held by the issuer and the credit default swap. Further, in cases where the credit-linked security is structured such that the payments to the Fund are based on amounts received in respect of, or the value of performance of, any underlying debt obligations specified in the terms of the relevant credit default swap, fluctuations in the value of such obligation may affect the value of the credit-linked security.
The collateral of a credit-linked security may be one or more credit default swaps, which are subject to additional risks. See “Swap agreements" for a description of additional risks associated with credit default swaps.
Debt securities In general, debt securities represent a loan of money to the issuer by the purchaser of the securities. A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes, debentures and commercial paper differ in the length of the issuer's payment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest.
The Fund may also invest in debt securities that have floating or variable payment schedules. These securities include corporate loans, floating rate notes issued by governments and corporate issuers, certain U.S. government issues, such as Treasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS), and adjustable-rate asset-backed securities.
The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in interest rates and the financial condition of each issuer. During periods of declining interest rates, the value of debt securities generally increases. Conversely, during periods of rising interest rates, the value of such securities generally declines. These changes in market value will be reflected in the Fund's net asset value per share. The average maturity of the debt securities in the Fund's portfolio will fluctuate depending upon the manager's judgment as to future interest rate changes.
Ratings. Various investment services publish ratings of some of the debt securities in which the Fund may invest. Higher yields are ordinarily available from securities in the lower rating categories, such as securities rated Ba or lower by Moody's or BB or lower by S&P or from unrated securities deemed by the Fund's manager to be of comparable quality. Such high-yield securities are considered to be below "investment grade" and are sometimes referred to as "junk bonds." These ratings represent the opinions of the rating services with respect to the issuer's ability to pay interest and repay principal. They do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value and are not absolute standards of quality.
If the rating on an issue held in the Fund's portfolio is changed by the rating service or the security goes into default, this event will be considered by the Fund in its evaluation of the overall investment merits of that security but will not generally result in an automatic sale of the security.
High yield securities. Because the Fund may invest in securities below investment grade, an investment in the Fund is subject to a higher degree of risk than an investment in a fund that invests primarily in higher-quality securities. You should consider the increased risk of loss to principal that is present with an investment in higher risk securities, such as those in which the Fund may invest. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should not be considered a complete investment program and should be carefully evaluated for its appropriateness in light of your overall investment needs and goals.
The market value of high yield, lower-quality fixed-income securities, commonly known as junk bonds, tends to reflect individual developments affecting the issuer to a greater degree than the market value of higher-quality securities, which react primarily to fluctuations in the general level of interest rates. Lower-quality securities also tend to be more sensitive to economic conditions than higher-quality securities.
Issuers of high yield, fixed-income securities are often highly leveraged and may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them. Therefore, the risk associated with buying the securities of these issuers is generally greater than the risk associated with higher-quality securities. For example, during an economic downturn or a sustained period of rising interest rates, issuers of lower-quality securities may experience financial stress and may not have sufficient cash flow to make interest payments. The issuer's ability to make timely interest and principal payments may also be adversely affected by specific developments affecting the issuer, including the issuer's inability to meet specific projected business forecasts or the unavailability of additional financing.
The risk of loss due to default may also be considerably greater with lower-quality securities because they are generally unsecured and are often subordinated to other creditors of the issuer. If the issuer of a security in the Fund's portfolio defaults, the Fund may have unrealized losses on the security, which may lower the Fund's net asset value per share. Defaulted securities tend to lose much of their value before they default. Thus, the Fund's net asset value per share may be adversely affected before an issuer defaults. In addition, the Fund may incur additional expenses if it must try to recover principal or interest payments on a defaulted security.
The Fund may invest in unrated bonds and in rated bonds of any rating. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in defaulted debt securities. An investment in a defaulted debt security risks loss of the entire investment.
High yield, fixed-income securities frequently have call or buy-back features that allow an issuer to redeem the securities from the Fund. Although these securities are typically not callable for a period of time, usually for three to five years from the date of issue, if an issuer calls its securities during periods of declining interest rates, the manager may find it necessary to replace the securities with lower-yielding securities, which could result in less net investment income for the Fund. The premature disposition of a high yield security due to a call or buy-back feature, the deterioration of an issuer’s creditworthiness, or a default by an issuer may make it more difficult for the Fund to manage the timing of its income.
Lower-quality, fixed-income securities may not be as liquid as higher-quality securities. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market may have an adverse impact on the market price of a security and on the Fund's ability to sell a security in response to a specific economic event, such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer, or if necessary to meet the Fund's liquidity needs. Reduced liquidity may also make it more difficult to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio.
High yield, fixed-income securities that are sold without registration under federal securities laws carry restrictions on resale. While many high yielding securities have been sold with registration rights, covenants and penalty provisions for delayed registration, if the Fund is required to sell restricted securities before the securities have been registered, it may be deemed an underwriter of the securities under the Securities Act of 1933 (1933 Act), which entails special responsibilities and liabilities. The Fund also may incur special costs in disposing of restricted securities, although the Fund will generally not incur any costs when the issuer is responsible for registering the securities.
High yield, fixed-income securities acquired during an initial underwriting involve special risks because they are new issues. The manager will carefully review their credit and other characteristics. The Fund has no arrangement with their underwriter or any other person concerning the acquisition of these securities.
The Fund relies on the manager's judgment, analysis and experience in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. In this evaluation, the manager takes into consideration, among other things, the issuer's financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer's management and regulatory matters.
Municipal securities. The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in municipal securities. Municipal securities are issued by state and local governments, their agencies and authorities, as well as by the District of Columbia and U.S. territories and possessions, to borrow money for various public or private projects. The issuer pays a fixed, floating or variable rate of interest, and must repay the amount borrowed (the "principal”) at maturity. Municipal securities generally pay interest free from federal income tax.
An issuer of municipal securities may be unable to make interest payments and repay principal. Changes in an issuer's financial strength or in a security's credit rating may affect a security's value and, thus, impact Fund performance. In addition, these securities can be impacted by events in the states and territories that issue them, which may include economic or political policy changes, tax base erosion, state constitutional limits on tax increases, budget deficits and other financial difficulties, and changes in the credit ratings assigned to the state's municipal issuers.
Structured investments. Structured investments are interests in entities organized and operated solely for the purpose of restructuring the investment characteristics of various securities. These entities typically are organized by investment banking firms that receive fees in connection with establishing each entity and arranging for the placement of its securities. This type of restructuring involves the deposit with or purchase by an entity, such as a corporation or trust, of specified instruments and the issuance by that entity of one or more classes of securities (structured investments) backed by, or representing interests in, the underlying instruments. The cash flow on the underlying instruments may be apportioned among the newly issued structured investments to create securities with different investment characteristics such as varying maturities, payment priorities or interest rate provisions; the extent of the payments made with respect to structured investments is dependent on the extent of the cash flow on the underlying instruments. Because structured investments of the type in which the Fund anticipates investing typically involve no credit enhancement, their credit risk generally will be equivalent to that of the underlying instruments.
The Fund is permitted to invest in a class of structured investments that is either subordinated or unsubordinated to the right of payment of another class. Subordinated structured investments typically have higher yields and present greater risks than unsubordinated structured investments. Although the Fund's purchase of subordinated structured investments would have a similar economic effect to that of borrowing against the underlying instruments, the purchase will not be deemed to be leverage for purposes of the limitations placed on the extent of the Fund's assets that may be used for borrowing activities.
Certain issuers of structured investments may be deemed to be "investment companies" as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund's investment in these structured investments may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act. Structured investments typically are sold in private placement transactions, and there currently is no active trading market for structured investments. However, the Fund will only invest in publicly distributed structured investments. To the extent such investments are illiquid, they will be subject to the Fund's restrictions on investments in illiquid securities.
Included among the structured investments, the Fund may invest in credit-linked securities. Credit-linked securities are debt securities that represent an interest in a pool of, or are otherwise collateralized by, one or more corporate debt obligations or credit default swaps on corporate debt or bank loan obligations. Such debt obligations may represent the obligations of one or more corporate issuers. The Fund has the right to receive periodic interest payments from the issuer of the credit-linked security (usually the seller of the underlying credit default swap(s)) at an agreed-upon interest rate, and a return of principal at the maturity date. The Fund currently anticipates purchasing only "funded" credit-linked securities. The Fund bears the risk of loss of its principal investment, and the periodic interest payments expected to be received for the duration of its investment in the credit-linked security, in the event that one or more of the debt obligations underlying bonds or debt obligations underlying the credit default swaps go into default or otherwise become non-performing. Upon the occurrence of such a credit event (including bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, or a restructuring) with respect to an underlying debt obligation (which may represent a credit event of one or more underlying obligors), the Fund will generally reduce the principal balance of the related credit-linked security by the Fund's pro rata interest in the par amount of the defaulted underlying debt obligation in exchange for the actual value of the defaulted underlying obligation or the defaulted underlying obligation itself, thereby causing the Fund to lose a portion of its investment. As a result, on an ongoing basis, interest on the credit-linked security will accrue on a smaller principal balance and a smaller principal balance will be returned at maturity. To the extent a credit-linked security represents a balance and a smaller principal balance will be returned at maturity. To the extent a credit-linked security represents an interest in underlying obligations of a single corporate issuer, a credit event with respect to such issuer presents greater risk of loss to the Fund than if the credit-linked security represented an interest in underlying obligations of multiple corporate issuers.
In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the issuer of the credit-linked security will default or become bankrupt. In such an event, the Fund may have difficulty being repaid, or fail to be repaid, the principal amount of its investment and the remaining periodic interest payments thereon.
An investment in credit-linked securities also involves reliance on the counterparty to the swap entered into with the issuer to make periodic payments to the issuer under the terms of the credit default swap. Any delay or cessation in the making of such payments may be expected in certain instances to result in delays or reductions in payments to the Fund as an investor in such credit-linked securities. Additionally, credit-linked securities are typically structured as limited recourse obligations of the issuer of such securities such that the securities issued will usually be obligations solely of the issuer and will not be obligations or responsibilities of any other person.
Most credit-linked securities are structured as Rule 144A securities so that they may be freely traded among institutional buyers. The Fund will generally only purchase credit-linked securities which are determined to be liquid in accordance with the Fund’s liquidity guidelines. However, the market for credit-linked securities may be, or suddenly can become, illiquid. The other parties to the transaction may be the only investors with sufficient understanding of the derivative to be interested in bidding for it. Changes in liquidity may result in significant, rapid and unpredictable changes in the prices for credit-linked securities. In certain cases, a market price for a credit-linked security may not be available or may not be reliable, and the Fund could experience difficulty in selling such security at a price the investment manager believes is fair. In the event a credit-linked security is deemed to be illiquid, the Fund will include such security in calculating its limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
The value of a credit-linked security will typically increase or decrease with any change in value of the underlying debt obligations, if any, held by the issuer and the credit default swap. Further, in cases where the credit-linked security is structured such that the payments to the Fund are based on amounts received in respect of, or the value of performance of, any underlying debt obligations specified in the terms of the relevant credit default swap, fluctuations in the value of such obligation may affect the value of the credit-linked security.
The collateral of a credit-linked security may be one or more credit default swaps, which are subject to additional risks. Swap agreements are not traded on exchanges and are not subject to government regulation like exchange markets. As a result, swap participants are not as well protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, each swap participant is subject to the risk of the inability or refusal to perform such agreement by the counterparty.
Derivative instruments Derivative instruments are those financial instruments whose values are dependent upon the performance of one or more underlying assets, such as securities, currencies, commodities or related indices.
Derivatives may be used for “hedging,” which means that they may help manage risks relating to interest rates, currency fluctuations and other market factors. They also may be used when the manager seeks to increase liquidity, implement a tax or cash management strategy, invest in a particular bond or segment of the market in a more efficient or less expensive way, modify the effective duration of the Fund's portfolio investments and/or to enhance total return. However derivatives are used, their successful use is not assured and will depend upon the manager's ability to predict relevant market movements.
The Fund may use derivative transactions without limit for purposes of direct hedging. Direct hedging means that the transaction must be intended to reduce a specific risk exposure of a portfolio security or its denominated currency and must also be directly related to such security or currency. The Fund’s use of derivatives transactions for purposes other than direct hedging may be limited from time to time by policies adopted by the board of trustees or the Fund’s investment manager. Because some derivatives may enable a Fund to purchase or sell exposure to one or more underlying assets or indices for a relatively small amount of cash, the SEC requires mutual funds to “cover” or segregate liquid assets equal to the potential exposure created by such derivatives.
Futures contracts. Generally, a futures contract is a standard binding agreement between two parties to buy or sell a specified quantity of an underlying instrument or asset, such as a specific security, currency or commodity, at a specified price at a specified later date. A “sale” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to deliver the underlying instrument or asset called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date. A “purchase” of a futures contract means the acquisition of a contractual obligation to acquire the underlying instrument or asset called for by the contract at a specified price on a specified date.
The underlying items to which futures contracts may relate include foreign currencies, currency indices, interest rates, bond indices, and debt securities, including corporate debt securities, non-U.S. government debt securities and U.S. government debt obligations. In most cases the contractual obligation under a futures contract may be offset, or “closed out,” before the settlement date so that the parties do not have to make or take delivery. The closing out of a contractual obligation is usually accomplished by buying or selling, as the case may be, an identical, offsetting futures contract. This transaction, which is effected through a member of an exchange, cancels the obligation to make or take delivery of the underlying instrument or asset. Although some futures contracts by their terms require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying instrument or asset, some require cash settlement.
A futures contract that relates to a bond index is an agreement to buy or sell units of the bond index at a specified price at a later, set date. For example, the Fund can invest in futures on the Barclays Capital U.S. Aggregate Bond Index (“Barclays Index”), which is a benchmark index of the returns available for a wide variety of bonds and fixed rate securities, including, but not limited to, U.S. Treasuries, hybrid ARMs, fixed rate bullet, puttable and callable bonds, SEC Rule 144A and Regulation S securities, original issue zero coupon and underwritten notes and certificates of deposit. The Barclays Index fluctuates in value with changes in the aggregate market value of the bonds and notes in the Barclays Index. The standard futures contract for the Index has as its underlying instrument $100 times the value of the Barclays Index. Consequently, if the parties agreed on a specified value of 1000 for the Barclays Index for the last trading day of the futures contract, the futures contract would have a contract value of $100,000 ($100 x 1000). The futures contract is settled in cash for the difference between the futures contract value and $100 times the current closing Barclays Index value on the last trading day of the futures contract, measured in points and hundredths (1/100 or 0.01) of points. The buyer of the futures contract would profit if the closing market price is more than the futures contract price and the seller of the futures contract would profit if the closing market price is less than the futures contract price.
The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts on United States and foreign exchanges. Futures contracts in the United States have been designed by exchanges that have been designated “contract markets” by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) and must be executed through a futures commission merchant (“FCM”), which is a brokerage firm, that is a member of the relevant contract market. Each exchange guarantees performance of the contracts as between the clearing members of the exchange. Because all transactions in the futures market are made, offset or fulfilled by an FCM through a clearinghouse associated with the exchange on which the contracts are traded, the Fund will incur brokerage fees when it buys or sells futures contracts. The Fund may purchase and sell futures contracts and options thereon only to the extent that such activities are consistent with the requirements of Rule 4.5 under the Commodity Exchange Act, as amended (“CEA”), under which the Fund is excluded from the definition of a “commodity pool operator.” The Fund has claimed an exclusion from the definition of a “commodity pool operator,” and therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a commodity pool operator under the CEA.
The Fund generally buys and sells futures contracts only on contract markets (including exchanges or boards of trade) where there appears to be an active market for the futures contracts, but there is no assurance that an active market will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time. An active market makes it more likely that futures contracts will be liquid and bought and sold at competitive market prices. In addition, many of the futures contracts available may be relatively new instruments without a significant trading history. As a result, there can be no assurance that an active market will develop or continue to exist.
When the Fund enters into a futures contract, it must deliver to an account controlled by the FCM (that has been selected by the Fund), an amount referred to as “initial margin” that currently ranges from 1.5% to 5.0% of the contract amount. Initial margin requirements are determined by the respective exchanges on which the futures contracts are traded and the FCM. Thereafter, a “variation margin” amount may be required to be paid by the Fund or received by the Fund in accordance with margin controls set for such accounts, depending upon changes in the price of the underlying instrument or asset subject to the futures contract. The account is marked-to-market daily and the variation margin is monitored by the Fund’s investment manager and custodian on a daily basis. When the futures contract is closed out, if the Fund has a loss equal to or greater than the margin amount, the margin amount is paid to the FCM along with any amount in excess of the margin amount; if the Fund has a loss of less than the margin amount, the difference is returned to the Fund; or if the Fund has a gain, the margin amount is returned to the Fund.
Some futures contracts provide for the delivery of securities that are different than those that are specified in the contract. For a futures contract for delivery of debt securities, on the settlement date of the contract, adjustments to the contract can be made to recognize differences in value arising from the delivery of debt securities with a different interest rate from that of the particular debt securities that were specified in the contract. In some cases, securities called for by a futures contract may not have been issued when the contract was written.
Risks. A purchase or sale of a futures contract may result in losses to the Fund in excess of the amount that the Fund delivered as initial margin. The Fund may not be able to properly hedge or effect its strategy when a liquid market is unavailable for the futures contract the Fund wishes to close, which may at times occur. In addition, when futures contracts are used for hedging, there may be an imperfect correlation between movements in the prices of the underlying asset(s) on which the futures contract is based and movements in the prices of the assets sought to be hedged. Adverse market movements could cause the Fund to experience substantial losses on an investment in a futures contract. There is also the risk of loss by the Fund of the initial and variation margin deposits in the event of bankruptcy of the FCM with which the Fund has an open position in a futures contract.
If the manager’s investment judgment about the general direction of market prices or interest or currency exchange rates is incorrect, the Fund’s overall performance will be poorer than if it had not entered into a futures contract. For example, if the Fund has purchased futures to hedge against the possibility of an increase in interest rates that would adversely affect the price of bonds held in its portfolio and interest rates instead decrease, the Fund will lose part or all of the benefit of the increased value of the bonds which it has hedged. This is because its losses in its futures positions will offset some or all of its gains from the increased value of the bonds. Similarly, if the Fund sells a foreign currency futures contract and the U.S. dollar value of the currency unexpectedly increases, the Fund will lose the beneficial effect of the increase on the value of the security denominated in that currency. In addition, if the Fund has insufficient cash to meet daily variation margin requirements or close out a futures position, it may have to sell securities from its portfolio at a time when it may be disadvantageous to do so.
The difference (called the “spread”) between prices in the cash market for the purchase and sale of the underlying instrument and the prices in the futures market are subject to fluctuations and distortions due to differences in the nature of those two markets. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to initial deposit and variation margin requirements. Rather than meeting additional variation margin requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions that could distort the normal pricing spread between the cash and futures markets. Second, the liquidity of the futures markets depends on participants entering into offsetting transactions rather than making or taking delivery of the underlying instrument or asset. To the extent participants decide to make or take delivery, liquidity in the futures market could be reduced, resulting in pricing distortion. Third, from the point of view of speculators, the margin deposit requirements that apply in the futures market are less onerous than similar margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may cause temporary price distortions. When such distortions occur, a correct forecast of general trends in the price of an underlying commodity, currency or securities index by the manager may still not necessarily result in a profitable transaction.
Futures contracts that are traded on foreign exchanges may not be as liquid as those purchased on CFTC-designated contract markets. In addition, foreign futures contracts may be subject to varied regulatory oversight. The price of any foreign futures contract and, therefore, the potential profit and loss thereon, may be affected by any change in the foreign exchange rate between the time a particular order is placed and the time it is liquidated, offset or exercised.
The CFTC and the various exchanges have established limits referred to as “speculative position limits” on the maximum net long or net short position that any person, such as the Fund, may hold or control in a particular futures contract. Trading limits are also imposed on the maximum number of contracts that any person may trade on a particular trading day. An exchange may order the liquidation of positions found to be in violation of these limits and it may impose other sanctions or restrictions. The manager does not believe that these trading and positions limits will have an adverse impact on the Fund’s investment strategies.
Futures exchanges may also limit the amount of fluctuation permitted in certain futures contract prices during a single trading day. This daily limit establishes the maximum amount that the price of a futures contract may vary either up or down from the previous day’s settlement price. Once the daily limit has been reached in a futures contract subject to the limit, no more trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day and does not limit potential losses because the limit may prevent the liquidation of unfavorable positions. For example, futures prices have occasionally moved to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing prompt liquidation of positions and subjecting some holders of futures contracts to substantial losses.
Options. Generally, an option is a contract that gives the purchaser of the option, in return for the premium paid, the right to buy a specified security, currency or other instrument (an “underlying instrument”) from the writer of the option (in the case of a call option), or to sell a specified security, currency, or other instrument to the writer of the option (in the case of put option) at a designated price during the term of the option. The premium paid by the buyer of an option will reflect, among other things, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price and the volatility of the underlying instrument, the remaining term of the option, supply, demand, interest rates and/or currency exchange rates. An American style put or call option may be exercised at any time during the option period while a European style put or call option may be exercised only upon expiration or during a fixed period prior thereto. Put and call options that the Fund may purchase or write may be traded on a national securities exchange and in the over-the-counter (OTC) market.
Options traded on national securities exchanges are within the jurisdiction of the SEC or other appropriate national securities regulator, as are securities traded on such exchanges. As a result, many of the protections provided to traders on organized exchanges will be available with respect to such transactions. In particular, all option positions entered into on a national securities exchange in the United States are cleared and guaranteed by the Options Clearing Corporation, thereby reducing the risk of counterparty default. Furthermore, a liquid secondary market in options traded on a national securities exchange may be more readily available than in the OTC market, potentially permitting the Fund to liquidate open positions at a profit prior to exercise or expiration, or to limit losses in the event of adverse market movements. There is no assurance, however, that higher than anticipated trading activity or other unforeseen events might not temporarily render the capabilities of the Options Clearing Corporation inadequate, and thereby result in the exchange instituting special procedures which may interfere with the timely execution of the Fund’s orders to close out open options positions.
Purchasing call and put options. As the buyer of a call option, the Fund has a right to buy the underlying instrument (e.g., a currency) at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to call options, exercise them, or permit them to expire. For example, the Fund may buy call options on underlying instruments that it intends to buy with the goal of limiting the risk of a substantial increase in their market price before the purchase is effected. Unless the price of the underlying investment changes sufficiently, a call option purchased by the Fund may expire without any value to the Fund, in which case the Fund would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs.
As the buyer of a put option, the Fund has the right to sell the underlying instrument at the exercise price at any time during the option period (for American style options). Like a call option, the Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them or permit them to expire. The Fund may buy a put option on an underlying instrument owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in an attempt to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the underlying instrument. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the buyer of the put option, is able to sell the underlying instrument at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying instrument’s market price. The Fund may also seek to offset a decline in the value of the underlying instrument through appreciation in the value of the put option. A put option may also be purchased with the intent of protecting unrealized appreciation of an instrument when the manager deems it desirable to continue to hold the instrument because of tax or other considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the instrument is eventually sold. The Fund also may buy put options at a time when it does not own the underlying instrument. By buying put options on an instrument it does not own, the Fund seeks to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying instrument.
If a put option that the Fund bought were not terminated in a closing sale transaction when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying instrument remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the Fund would not make any gain upon exercise of the option and would experience a loss to the extent of the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying instrument must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs.
Closing out options (exchange traded options). The buyer of an option may recover all or a portion of the premium that it paid by effecting a “closing sale transaction” by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased and receiving a premium on the sale. There is no guarantee that either a closing purchase or a closing sale transaction may be made at a time desired by the Fund. Closing transactions allow the Fund to terminate its positions in written and purchased options.
The Fund will realize a profit from a closing transaction if the price of the transaction is more than the premium paid by the Fund to buy the option (in the case of purchased options).
Risks. The Fund’s options investments involve certain risks. There can be no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or in the OTC market will exist for any particular option, or at any particular time, and the Fund may have difficulty effecting closing transactions in particular options. Therefore, the Fund would have to exercise the options it purchased in order to realize any profit, thus taking or making delivery of the underlying instrument when not desired. The Fund could then incur transaction costs upon the sale of the underlying instruments. When trading options on foreign exchanges or in the OTC market, many of the protections afforded to exchange participants will not be available. For example, there may be no daily price fluctuation limits, and adverse market movements could therefore continue to an unlimited extent over an indefinite period of time.
The effectiveness of an options strategy for hedging depends on the degree to which price movements in the underlying securities correlate with price movements in the relevant portion of the Fund’s portfolio that is being hedged. In addition, the Fund bears the risk that the prices of its portfolio investments will not move in the same amount as the option it has purchased or hedging purposes, or that there may be a negative correlation that would result in a loss on both the investments and the option. If the manager is not successful in using options in managing the Fund’s investments, the Fund’s performance will be worse than if the manager did not employ such strategies.
Over-the-counter (OTC) options. The Fund may buy both put and call OTC options. Like exchange traded options, OTC options give the holder the right to buy, in the case of OTC call options, or sell, in the case of OTC put options, an underlying security from or to the writer at a stated exercise price. OTC options, however, differ from exchange traded options in certain material respects.
OTC options are arranged directly with dealers and not with a clearing corporation or exchange. Consequently, there is a risk of non-performance by the dealer, including because of the dealer’s bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Fund uses only counterparties, such as dealers, that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Because there is no exchange, pricing is typically done based on information from market makers or other dealers. OTC options are available for a greater variety of underlying instruments and in a wider range of expiration dates and exercise prices than exchange traded options.
There can be no assurance that a continuous liquid secondary market will exist for any particular OTC option at any specific time. The Fund may be able to realize the value of an OTC option it has purchased only by exercising it or entering into a closing sale transaction with the dealer that issued it. The Fund may suffer a loss if it is not able to exercise (in the case of a purchased option) or enter into a closing sale transaction on a timely basis.
The Fund understands that the staff of the SEC currently takes the position that purchased OTC options are considered illiquid securities. Pending a change in the staff’s position, the Fund will treat OTC options and “covering” assets as illiquid and subject to the Fund’s limitation on illiquid securities.
Swap agreements. Generally, swap agreements are contracts between the Fund and, typically, a brokerage firm, bank or other institutional buyer (swap counterparty) for periods ranging from a few days to more than a year. In a basic swap transaction, the two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on a particular “notional amount” or value of predetermined investments or instruments (swap transaction). The notional amount is the set dollar or other currency value selected by the parties to use as the basis on which to calculate the obligations that the parties to a swap agreement have agreed to exchange. The parties do not actually invest the notional amount in any investment or instrument. Instead they agree to exchange the returns that would be earned or realized if the notional amount were invested in given investments or at given interest rates. Examples of returns that may be exchanged in a swap agreement are those of a particular security, a particular fixed or variable interest rate, a particular foreign currency, or a “basket” of securities representing a particular index, in some cases.
The Fund will generally enter into swap agreements on a net basis, which means that the two payment streams that are to be made by the Fund and its counterparty are netted out, with the Fund receiving or paying, as the case may be, only the net difference in the two payments. The Fund’s obligations (or rights) under a swap agreement that is entered into on a net basis will generally be the net amount to be paid or received under the agreement based on the relative values of the obligations of each party upon termination of the agreement or at set valuation dates. The Fund will accrue its obligations under a swap agreement daily (offset by any amounts the counterparty owes the Fund). If the swap agreement does not provide for that type of netting, the full amount of the Fund's obligations will be accrued on a daily basis.
Upon entering into a swap agreement, the Fund is usually required to pledge to the swap counterparty an amount of cash and/or other assets equal to the total net amount (if any) that would be payable by the Fund to the counterparty if the swap were terminated on the date in question, including any early termination payments. Periodically, changes in the amount pledged are made to recognize changes in value of the contract resulting from, among other things, interest on the notional value of the contract, market value changes in the underlying investment, and/or dividends paid by the issuer of the underlying security. Likewise, the counterparty may be required to pledge cash or other assets to cover its obligations to the Fund. However, the amount pledged may not always be equal to or more than the amount due to the other party. Therefore, if a counterparty defaults in its obligations to the Fund, the amount pledged by the counterparty and available to the Fund may not be sufficient to cover all the amounts due to the Fund and the Fund may sustain a loss.
Risks. The use of swap transactions is a highly specialized activity, which involves investment techniques and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. Whether the Fund will be successful in using swap agreements to achieve its investment goal depends on the ability of the manager correctly to predict which types of investments are likely to produce greater returns. If the manager, in using swap agreements, is incorrect in its forecasts of market values, interest rates, currency exchange rates or other applicable factors, the investment performance of the Fund will be less than its performance would have been if it had not used the swap agreements.
The risk of loss to the Fund for swap transactions that are entered into on a net basis depends on which party is obligated to pay the net amount to the other party. If the counterparty is obligated to pay the net amount to the Fund, the risk of loss to the Fund is loss of the entire amount that the Fund is entitled to receive. If the Fund is obligated to pay the net amount, the Fund’s risk of loss is limited to that net amount. If the swap agreement involves the exchange of the entire principal value of a security, the entire principal value of that security is subject to the risk that the other party to the swap will default on its contractual delivery obligations.
Because swap agreements are two-party contracts and may have terms of greater than seven days, they may be illiquid and, therefore, subject to the Fund’s limitation on investments in illiquid securities. If a swap transaction is particularly large or if the relevant market is illiquid, the Fund may not be able to establish or liquidate a position at an advantageous time or price, which may result in significant losses. Participants in the swap markets are not required to make continuous markets in the swap contracts they trade. Participants could refuse to quote prices for swap contracts or quote prices with an unusually wide spread between the price at which they are prepared to buy and the price at which they are prepared to sell. However, the swap markets have grown substantially in recent years, with a large number of financial institutions acting both as principals and agents, utilizing standardized swap documentation. As a result, the swap markets have become relatively liquid in comparison with markets for other derivative instruments that are traded in the interbank market. Swap agreements are generally valued using independent pricing services who may use fair valuation techniques.
As a result of the recent turmoil in the financial markets, numerous proposals have been made by various entities to regulate the OTC derivatives markets, including, specifically, credit default swaps. The Fund cannot predict the outcome or final form of any of these proposals or if or when any of them would become effective. However, any additional regulation or limitation on the OTC markets for derivatives could materially and adversely impact the ability of the Fund to buy or sell OTC derivatives, including credit default swaps.
Swap agreements currently are not traded on exchanges and are not subject to government regulation. As a result, swap participants are not as protected as participants on organized exchanges. Performance of a swap agreement is the responsibility only of the swap counterparty and not of any exchange or clearinghouse. As a result, the Fund is subject to the risk that a counterparty will be unable or will refuse to perform under such agreement, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. No limitations on daily price movements or speculative position limits apply to swap transactions. Counterparties may, however, limit the size or duration of a swap agreement with the Fund as a consequence of credit considerations. The Fund risks the loss of the accrued but unpaid amount under a swap agreement, which could be substantial, in the event of a default, insolvency or bankruptcy by a swap counterparty. In such an event, the Fund will have contractual remedies pursuant to the swap agreements, but bankruptcy and insolvency laws could affect the Fund’s rights as a creditor. If the counterparty’s creditworthiness declines, the value of a swap agreement would be likely to decline, potentially resulting in losses. The Fund’s manager will only approve a swap agreement counterparty for the Fund if the manager deems the counterparty to be creditworthy under the Fund’s Counterparty Credit Review Standards, adopted and reviewed annually by the Fund’s board. However, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited.
Certain Internal Revenue Service positions may limit the Fund’s ability to use swap agreements in a desired tax strategy. It is possible that developments in the swap markets and/or the laws relating to swap agreements, including potential government regulation, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to benefit from using swap agreements, or could have adverse tax consequences.
Options on swap agreements ("swaptions"). Generally, the Fund may purchase and write (sell) both put and call options on swap agreements, commonly known as swaptions, although currently the Fund only intends to purchase options on interest rate swaps. The Fund may buy options on interest rate swaps to help hedge the Fund’s risk of potentially rising interest rates. A swaption is an over-the-counter option (see the discussion on OTC options) that gives the buyer of the option the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a previously negotiated swap agreement, or to extend, terminate, or otherwise modify the terms of an existing swap agreement, in exchange for the payment of a premium to the writer (seller) of the option. The writer (seller) of a swaption receives premium payments from the buyer and, in exchange, becomes obligated to enter into or modify an underlying swap agreement upon the exercise of the option by the buyer. The Fund generally assumes a greater risk when it writes (sells) a swaption than when it purchases a swaption. When the Fund purchases a swaption, it risks losing the amount of premium it has paid, should it elect not to exercise the option, plus any related transaction costs. When the Fund writes (sells) a swaption, however, the Fund is bound by the terms of the underlying swap agreement upon exercise of the option by the buyer, which may result in losses to the Fund in excess of the premium it received. Swaptions also involve other risks associated with both OTC options and swap agreements, such as counterparty risk (the risk that the counterparty defaults on its obligation), market risk, credit risk, and interest rate risk. With respect to the Fund’s purchase of options on interest rate swaps, depending on the movement of interest rates between the time of purchase and expiration of the swaption, the value of the underlying interest rate swap and therefore the value of the swaption will change.
For more information about these risks and the mechanics of options and swap agreements, see the discussion of OTC options and swap agreements, including the descriptions of various types of swaps the Fund may enter into.
Interest rate swaps. An interest rate swap is an agreement between two parties to exchange payments based on the changes in an interest rate or rates. Typically, one interest rate is fixed while the other interest rate changes with changes in a designated interest rate benchmark (for example, the London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR), prime rate, commercial paper rate, or other benchmarks). Each party’s payment obligation under an interest rate swap is determined by reference to a specified “notional” amount of money. Interest rate swaps generally do not involve, therefore, the delivery of securities, other underlying assets, or principal amounts; rather they entail the exchange of cash payments based on the application of the designated interest rates to the notional amount. Accordingly, barring swap counterparty default, the risk of loss in an interest rate swap is limited to the net amount of interest payments that the Fund is obligated to make or receive (as applicable), as well as any early termination payment payable by or to the Fund upon early termination of the swap.
By swapping fixed interest rate payments for floating payments, an interest rate swap can be used to hedge interest rate risk. Interest rate swaps are generally used to permit the party seeking a floating rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such obligation at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets, while permitting the party desiring a fixed-rate obligation the opportunity to acquire such a fixed-rate obligation, also frequently at a rate lower than is directly available in the credit markets. The success of such a transaction depends in large part on the availability of fixed-rate obligations at interest (or coupon) rates low enough to cover the costs involved. An interest rate swap transaction is affected by changes in interest rates, which, in turn, may affect the prepayment rate of any underlying debt obligations upon which the interest rate swap is based.
A mortgage swap is a specific type of interest rate swap. In a mortgage swap, cash flows based on a group of Government National Mortgage Association (“Ginnie Mae”) mortgage pools are exchanged for cash flows based on a floating interest rate. The return on a mortgage swap is affected by changes in interest rates, which affect the prepayment rate of the underlying mortgages upon which the mortgage swap is based.
Credit default swaps. The Fund may be a buyer of credit default swaps. The "buyer" in a credit default swap agreement is obligated to pay the "seller" a periodic stream of payments over the term of the agreement in return for a payment by the "seller" that is contingent upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to a specific underlying reference debt obligation. Generally, a credit event means bankruptcy, failure to timely pay interest or principal, obligation acceleration, or modified restructuring of the reference debt obligation. The contingent payment by the seller generally is the face amount of the debt obligation, in return for the buyer's obligation to make periodic cash payments and deliver in physical form the reference debt obligation or a cash payment equal to the then-current market value of that debt obligation at the time of the credit event. If no credit event occurs, the seller would receive a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, while the buyer would lose the amount of its payments and recover nothing. The buyer is also subject to the risk that the seller will not satisfy its contingent payment obligation, if and when due.
The Fund may buy credit default swaps in order to try to hedge against a decline in the value of its portfolio debt securities due to a credit event. By selling a credit default swap, the Fund will receive periodic payments but is exposed to the risk that the value of the reference debt obligation declines due to a credit event and that it will have to pay the face amount of the reference obligation to the buyer. The Fund may also sell credit default swaps in order to gain exposure that is similar to owning the reference debt obligation. As the seller, the Fund would effectively add leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total assets, the Fund would be subject to the risk that there would be a credit event and the Fund would have to make a substantial payment. See “Credit-linked securities."
Combined transactions. The Fund may enter into multiple transactions, including multiple swaps transactions, multiple futures transactions, multiple options transactions, multiple currency transactions, and any combination of swaps, futures, forward transactions and options as part of a single or combined strategy (a "Combined Transaction") when, in the opinion of the manager, it is in the best interests of the Fund to do so. A Combined Transaction will usually contain elements of risk that are present in each on its component transactions.
Although Combined Transactions are normally entered into based on the manager’s judgment that the combined strategies will reduce risk or otherwise more effectively achieve the desired portfolio management goal, it is possible that the combination will instead increase such risks or hinder achievement of the portfolio management objective.
Equity securities represent a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; their value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through the receipt of dividends, which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stock. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Foreign currency hedging transactions For the purpose of hedging, efficient portfolio management and/or enhancement of returns, the Fund may also, from time to time, enter into forward contracts including currency forwards, cross currency forwards (each of which may result in net short currency exposures), options on currencies or financial and index futures contracts. Such transactions could be effected with respect to hedges on non-U.S. dollar denominated securities owned by the Fund, sold by the Fund but not yet delivered, or committed or anticipated to be purchased by the Fund. The successful use of these transactions will usually depend on the manager’s ability to forecast accurately currency exchange rate movements. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. In addition, these techniques could result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised. Moreover, investors should bear in mind that the Fund is not obligated to actively engage in these transactions; for example, the Fund may not have attempted to hedge its exposure to a particular foreign currency at a time when doing so might have avoided a loss.
Forward foreign currency contracts and cross currency forward contracts. A forward contract is an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency or multinational currency unit for an agreed price at a future date, which is individually negotiated and privately traded by currency traders and their customers in the interbank market. The Fund may either accept or make delivery of the currency specified at the maturity of a forward contract or, prior to maturity, enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the counterparty to the original forward contract.
The Fund may enter into a forward contract, for example, when it purchases or sells a security denominated in a foreign currency and desires to “lock in” the U.S. dollar price of the security. Thus, for example, when the Fund believes that a foreign currency may suffer a substantial decline against the U.S. dollar, it may enter into a forward contract to sell an amount of that foreign currency approximating the value of some or all of the Fund’s portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency. Similarly, when the Fund believes that the U.S. dollar may suffer a substantial decline against a foreign currency, it may enter into a forward contract to buy that foreign currency for a fixed dollar amount. The Fund may also purchase and sell forward contracts for efficient portfolio management purposes when the manager anticipates that the foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value.
In addition, when the Fund believes that a foreign currency may experience a substantial movement against another foreign currency it may enter into a forward contract to buy or sell, as appropriate, an amount of the foreign currency either: a) approximating the value of some or all of its portfolio securities denominated in such foreign currency (this investment practice generally is referred to as “cross-hedging”); or b) necessary to derive a level of additional income or return that the Fund’s manager seeks to achieve for the Fund. In connection with the Fund’s forward contracts, an amount of its assets equal to the amount of the purchase will be segregated on the books of the Fund or its custodian to be used to pay for the commitment. Accordingly, at the time the Fund initially enters into a forward contract, it will have liquid assets available in an amount equal to 102% of the Fund’s commitments under its forward contracts to limit any potential risk. These assets are marked-to-market daily and, if the asset coverage falls below 100% of the Fund’s commitments, the Fund will increase the aggregate value of the assets to ensure that the assets are at least equal to 102% of the amount of the Fund’s commitments under its forward contracts. The Fund may also cover any commitments under these contracts to sell currency by owning or acquiring the underlying currency (or an absolute right to acquire such currency).
The successful use of these transactions will usually depend on the manager's ability to accurately forecast currency exchange rate movements. Should exchange rates move in an unexpected manner, the Fund may not achieve the anticipated benefits of the transaction, or it may realize losses. In addition, these techniques could result in a loss if the counterparty to the transaction does not perform as promised, including because of the counterparty’s bankruptcy or insolvency. While the Fund uses only counterparties that meet its credit quality standards, in unusual or extreme market conditions, a counterparty’s creditworthiness and ability to perform may deteriorate rapidly, and the availability of suitable replacement counterparties may become limited. Moreover, investors should bear in mind that the Fund is not obligated to actively engage in hedging or other currency transactions. For example, the Fund may not have attempted to hedge its exposure to a particular foreign currency at a time when doing so might have avoided a loss.
Although the Commodity Futures Trading Commission does not currently regulate these contracts, it may in the future assert such regulatory authority. In such event, the Fund’s ability to utilize forward contracts in the manner set forth above may be restricted. Forward contracts may limit potential gain from a positive change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and foreign currencies. Unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in such contracts. Moreover, there may be an imperfect correlation between the Fund’s portfolio holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts entered into by the Fund. This imperfect correlation may cause the Fund to sustain losses that will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss. The Fund generally will not enter into a forward contract with a term greater than one year.
Options on foreign currencies. The Fund may purchase and write put and call options on foreign currencies. If used for hedging purposes, as is the case with other kinds of options, the writing of an option on foreign currency will constitute only a partial hedge up to the amount of the premium received, and the Fund could be required to purchase or sell foreign currencies at disadvantageous exchange rates, thereby incurring losses. The purchase of an option on foreign currency may constitute a more effective hedge against fluctuations in exchange rates, although, in the event of rate movements adverse to its position, the Fund may forfeit the entire amount of the premium paid plus related transaction costs. Options on foreign currencies to be written or purchased by the Fund will be traded on U.S. and foreign exchanges or over-the-counter. Over-the-counter forwards and related options may be considered illiquid securities and would be subject to the Fund’s investment restriction with respect to illiquid securities.
All options written by the Fund will be “covered.” For more information about the mechanics of purchasing, writing and covering options, see "Derivative instruments" above. It is anticipated that the Fund’s investments would generally not exceed 20% of its assets in forward contracts, using notional amounts and calculating forward contracts on the same basis as the asset segregation requirement.
Foreign currency futures. The Fund may enter into exchange-traded contracts for the purchase or sale for future delivery of foreign currencies (foreign currency futures). A foreign currency futures contract is a standardized contract for the future delivery of a specified amount of currency at a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. This investment technique may be used to achieve the same investment goals as forward foreign currency contracts .
The Fund may either accept or make delivery of the currency specified at the maturity of a currency futures contract or, prior to maturity, enter into a closing transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing transactions with respect to currency futures contracts are effected on the exchange on which the contract was entered into (or on a linked exchange).
All futures in which the Fund participates may be subject to “margin” and coverage requirements. For more information about the mechanics of participating in futures, see “Futures contracts” under “Derivative instruments ” above.
Foreign investments Securities of companies of foreign nations are subject to substantial risks, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than the NYSE and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Commission rates in foreign countries, which are generally fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S. Through the Fund’s flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular nations where, from time to time, it places the Fund’s investments. The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to purchase securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed losses.
Developing markets. Investments in companies domiciled in developing countries may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v) the absence of developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence, until recently in many developing countries, of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that recent favorable economic developments in some developing countries may be slowed or reversed by unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many of the countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced substantial, and during some periods, extremely high rates of inflation, for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Foreign currencies. The Fund's management endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be internationally traded.
Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through the Fund's flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular nations where from time to time it places the investments of the Fund.
Illiquid investments It is the policy of the Fund that illiquid securities (including illiquid equity securities, illiquid defaulted debt securities, illiquid loan participations, securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale, repurchase agreements of more than seven days duration, and other securities which are not readily marketable) may not constitute more than 15% of the value of the Fund's total assets. Generally, an "illiquid security" is any security that cannot be disposed of promptly and in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the instrument. Subject to this limitation, the Fund's board of trustees has authorized the Fund to invest in restricted securities where such investment is consistent with the Fund's investment goals and has authorized such securities to be considered liquid to the extent the manager determines that there is a liquid institutional or other market for such securities - such as, restricted securities which may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. The board will review on a monthly basis any determination by the manager to treat a restricted security as liquid, including the manager's assessment of current trading activity and the availability of reliable price information. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the manager and the board will take into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer). To the extent the Fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, the general level of illiquidity may be increased if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these securities or the market for these securities contracts.
Notwithstanding the restriction on the sale of such securities, a secondary market exists for many of these securities. As with other securities in the Fund's portfolio, if there are readily available market quotations for a restricted security, it will be valued, for purposes of determining the Fund's net asset value, within the range of the bid and ask prices. To the extent that no quotations are available, the securities will be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted by the board.
The Fund's purchases of restricted securities can result in the receipt of commitment fees. For example, the transaction may involve an individually negotiated purchase of short-term increasing rate notes. Maturities for this type of security typically range from one to five years. These notes are usually issued as temporary or "bridge" financing to be replaced ultimately with permanent financing for the project or transaction that the issuer seeks to finance. Typically, at the time of commitment, the Fund receives the security and sometimes a cash commitment fee. Because the transaction could possibly involve a delay between the time the Fund commits to buy the security and the Fund's payment for and receipt of that security, the Fund will maintain, by appropriate notation on the books of the Fund or its custodian bank, cash or liquid securities having an aggregate value equal to the amount of the purchase commitments until payment is made. The Fund will not buy restricted securities in order to generate commitment fees, although the receipt of such fees will assist the Fund in achieving its principal goal of earning a high level of current income.
Notwithstanding the determinations in regard to the liquidity of restricted securities, the board remains responsible for such determinations and will consider appropriate action to maximize the Fund's liquidity and its ability to meet redemption demands if a security should become illiquid after its purchase. To the extent the Fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, the general level of illiquidity in the Fund may be increased if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these securities or the market for these securities contracts.
Loans of portfolio securities To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers. For each loan, the borrower must maintain with the Fund’s custodian collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, or irrevocable letters of credit) with a value at least equal to 102% of the current market value of the loaned securities. The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
Where voting rights with respect to the loaned securities pass with the lending of the securities, the manager intends to call the loaned securities to vote proxies, or to use other practicable and legally enforceable means to obtain voting rights, when the manager has knowledge that, in its opinion, a material event affecting the loaned securities will occur or the manager otherwise believes it necessary to vote. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in collateral in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower. The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's board of trustees, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan.
Mortgage-backed securities The Fund may invest in mortgage securities issued or guaranteed by the Government National Mortgage Association (Ginnie Mae), Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac, adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMS), collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), and stripped mortgage-backed securities, any of which may be privately issued.
Mortgage-backed securities represent an ownership interest in a pool of mortgage loans originated by mortgage bankers, commercial banks, savings and loan associations, savings banks and credit unions to finance purchases of homes, commercial buildings or other real estate. The individual mortgage loans are packaged or "pooled" together for sale to investors. These mortgage loans may have either fixed or adjustable interest rates. As the underlying mortgage loans are paid off, investors receive principal and interest payments. The primary issuers or guarantors of these securities are Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac.
Ginnie Mae guarantees the principal and interest on Ginnie Mae securities and this guarantee is backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. Ginnie Mae may borrow U.S. Treasury funds to the extent needed to make payments under its guarantee. Guarantees as to the timely payment of principal and interest do not extend to the value or yield of mortgage-backed securities nor do they extend to the value of the Fund's shares which will fluctuate daily with market conditions.
Until recently, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac were government-sponsored corporations owned entirely by private stockholders. Both issue mortgage-related securities that contain guarantees as to timely payment of interest and principal but that are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. government. The value of the companies’ securities fell sharply in 2008 due to concerns that the firms did not have sufficient capital to offset losses. In mid-2008, the U.S. Treasury was authorized to increase the size of home loans that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac could purchase in certain residential areas and, until 2009, to lend Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac emergency funds and to purchase the companies’ stock. More recently, in September 2008, the U.S. Treasury announced that Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac had been placed in conservatorship by the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA), a newly created independent regulator. In addition to placing the companies in conservatorship, the U.S. Treasury announced three additional steps that it intended to take with respect to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. First, the U.S. Treasury has entered into “Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements” (PSPAs) under which, if the FHFA determines that Fannie Mae’s or Freddie Mac’s liabilities have exceeded its assets under generally accepted accounting principles, the U.S. Treasury will contribute cash capital to the company in an amount equal to the difference between liabilities and assets. The PSPAs are designed to provide protection to the senior and subordinated debt and the mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Second, the U.S. Treasury established a new secured lending credit facility that is available to Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac until December 2009. Third, the U.S. Treasury initiated a temporary program to purchase Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac mortgage-backed securities, which is expected to continue until December 2009. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Treasury initiatives discussed above with respect to the debt and mortgage-backed securities issued by Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac will be successful.
Issuers of private mortgage securities are not U.S. government agencies and may be both the originators of the underlying mortgage loans as well as the guarantors of the mortgage securities. Pools of mortgage loans created by private issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than government and government-related pools because there are no direct or indirect government or government agency guarantees of payment. Timely payment of interest and principal is, however, generally supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool and hazard insurance. Government entities, private insurance companies or the private mortgage poolers issue the insurance and guarantees. The insurance and guarantees and the creditworthiness of their issuers will be considered when determining whether a mortgage security meets the Fund's quality standards. The Fund may buy mortgage securities without insurance or guarantees if, through an examination of the loan experience and practices of the poolers, the manager determines that the securities meet the Fund's quality standards.
Mortgage securities differ from conventional bonds in that most mortgage-backed securities are pass-through securities, which means that they provide investors with monthly payments consisting of a pro rata share of both regular interest and principal payments, as well as unscheduled early prepayments, on the underlying mortgage pool (less Ginnie Mae's, Freddie Mac's or Fannie Mae's fees and any applicable loan servicing fees). As a result, the holder of the mortgage securities (i.e., the Fund) receives monthly scheduled payments of principal and interest and may receive unscheduled principal payments representing prepayments on the underlying mortgages. When the holder reinvests the payments and any unscheduled prepayments of principal it receives, it may receive a rate of interest that is lower than the rate on the existing mortgage securities. For this reason, pass-through mortgage securities may be less effective than other types of U.S. government securities as a means of "locking in" long-term interest rates. In general, fixed-rate mortgage securities have greater exposure to this "prepayment risk."
The market value of mortgage securities, like other debt securities, will generally vary inversely with changes in market interest rates, declining when interest rates rise and rising when interest rates decline. While having less risk of a decline in value during periods of rapidly rising rates, mortgage securities may also have less potential for capital appreciation than other debt securities of comparable maturities as interest rates decline, due to the increased likelihood of mortgage prepayments. An unexpected rise in interest rates could extend the average life of a mortgage security because of a lower than expected level of prepayments, potentially reducing the security's value and increasing its volatility. Coupon rates of adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMS) tend to move with market interest rates, and thus their values fluctuate to a lesser degree than fixed income mortgage securities. To the extent market interest rates increase beyond applicable caps or maximum rates on ARMS or beyond the coupon rates of fixed-rate mortgage securities, the market value of the mortgage security would likely decline to the same extent as a conventional fixed-rate security. In view of these factors, the ability of the Fund to obtain a high level of total return may be limited under varying market conditions.
In addition, to the extent mortgage securities are purchased at a premium, mortgage foreclosures and unscheduled principal prepayments may result in some loss of the holder's principal investment to the extent of the premium paid. On the other hand, if mortgage securities are purchased at a discount, both a scheduled payment of principal and an unscheduled prepayment of principal will increase current and total returns and will accelerate the recognition of income that, when distributed to shareholders, will be taxable as ordinary income.
Adjustable rate mortgage securities (ARMS). ARMS, like traditional fixed income mortgage securities, are interests in pools of mortgage loans and are issued or guaranteed by a federal agency or by private issuers. Unlike traditional mortgage securities, the mortgage loans underlying ARMS carry adjustable interest rates that are reset periodically. The interest rates paid on the ARMS in which the Fund may invest are generally readjusted at intervals of one year or less, although the Fund may invest in mortgage securities with fixed rates for either a three-, five-, seven- and ten-year period that adjust annually thereafter or ARMS with longer resets such as three, five, seven and ten years.
In a changing interest rate environment, this reset feature acts as a buffer to reduce sharp changes in the ARMS' value in response to normal interest rate fluctuations. However, the time interval between each interest reset causes the yield on the ARMS to lag behind changes in the market interest rate. As interest rates are reset on the underlying mortgages, the yields of the ARMS gradually re-align themselves to reflect changes in market rates so that their market values remain relatively stable compared to fixed-rate mortgage securities.
As a result, ARMS also have less risk of a decline in value during periods of rising rates than if the Fund invested in more traditional long-term, fixed-rate securities.
During periods of rising interest rates, this reset lag may result in a lower net asset value until the interest rate resets to market rates. Thus, you could suffer some principal loss if you sell your shares before the interest rates on the underlying mortgages reset to market rates. If prepayments of principal are made on the underlying mortgages during periods of rising interest rates, the Fund generally will be able to reinvest these amounts in securities with a higher current rate of return. However, the Fund will not benefit from increases in interest rates to the extent that interest rates exceed the maximum allowable annual or lifetime reset limits (or cap rates) for a particular mortgage security.
During periods of declining interest rates, the interest rates on the underlying mortgages may reset downward with a similar lag, resulting in lower yields to the Fund. As a result, the value of ARMS is unlikely to rise during periods of declining interest rates to the same extent as the value of fixed-rate securities. As with other mortgage-backed securities, declining interest rates may result in accelerated prepayments of mortgages, and the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds from the prepayments at the lower prevailing rates.
In periods of more extreme fluctuation in interest rates, the resulting fluctuation in the value of the ARMS may affect the Fund's net asset value. Also, the Fund's net asset value could vary to the extent that current yields on mortgage-backed securities are different from market yields during interim periods between coupon reset dates.
For certain types of ARMS, the rate of amortization of principal, as well as interest payments on the underlying mortgages that collateralize the ARMS, change in accordance with movements in a pre-specified, published interest rate index. There are several categories of indices, including those based on U.S. Treasury securities, those derived from a calculated measure, such as a cost of funds index, or a moving average of mortgage rates and actual market rates. The amount of interest due to an ARMS holder is calculated by adding a specified additional amount, the "margin," to the index, subject to limitations or "caps" on the maximum and minimum interest that is charged to the mortgagor during the life of the mortgage or to maximum and minimum changes to that interest rate during a given period.
Caps and floors limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the residential borrower may change up or down (a) per reset or adjustment interval and (b) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower's monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization, which can extend the average life of the mortgage securities.
Collateralized mortgage obligations (CMOs), real estate mortgage investment conduits (REMICs) and multi-class pass-throughs. CMOs may be issued or guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or issued by certain financial institutions and other mortgage lenders.
CMOs and REMICs may be issued by governmental or government-related entities or by private entities such as banks, savings and loan institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers, and other secondary market issuers and are secured by pools of mortgages backed by residential or various types of commercial properties. Privately issued CMOs and REMICs include obligations issued by private entities that are collateralized by (a) mortgage securities issued by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae or Ginnie Mae, (b) pools of mortgages that are guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government, or (c) pools of mortgages that are not guaranteed by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government and that may or may not be guaranteed by the private issuer.
Multi-class pass-through securities are equity interests in a trust composed of mortgage loans or other mortgage-backed securities. Payments of principal and interest on the underlying collateral provide the funds to pay the debt service on CMOs or REMICs or to make scheduled distributions on the multi-class pass-through securities. Unless the context indicates otherwise, the discussion of CMOs below may also apply to REMICs and multi-class pass-through securities.
A CMO is a mortgage-backed security that separates mortgage pools into short-, medium-, and long-term components. Each component pays interest at regular intervals. These components enable an investor to predict more accurately the pace at which principal is returned. CMOs typically are:
1. collateralized by pools of mortgages in which each mortgage is guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government;
2. collateralized by pools of mortgages in which payment of principal and interest are guaranteed by the issuer and the guarantee is collateralized by U.S. government securities; or
3. securities in which the proceeds of the issuance are invested in mortgage securities, and payment of the principal and interest are supported by the credit of an agency or instrumentality of the U.S. government.
CMOs are issued in multiple classes. Each class, often referred to as a "tranche," is issued at a specified coupon rate or adjustable rate and has a stated maturity or final distribution date. Principal prepayments on collateral underlying CMOs may cause the CMOs to be retired substantially earlier than their stated maturities or final distribution dates. Interest is paid or accrues on all classes of a CMO on a monthly, quarterly or semiannual basis. The principal and interest on the mortgages underlying CMOs may be allocated among the several classes in many ways. In a common structure, payments of principal on the underlying mortgages, including any principal prepayments, are applied to the classes of a series of a CMO in the order of their respective stated maturities or final distribution dates, so that no payment of principal will be made on any class until all other classes having an earlier stated maturity or final distribution date have been paid in full.
One or more tranches of a CMO may have coupon rates that reset periodically at a specified increment over an index, such as LIBOR. These adjustable rate tranches are known as "floating-rate CMOs.” Floating-rate CMOs may be backed by fixed- or adjustable-rate mortgages. To date, fixed-rate mortgages have been more commonly used for this purpose. Floating-rate CMOs are typically issued with lifetime "caps" on the coupon rate. These caps, similar to the caps on ARMS, represent a ceiling beyond which the coupon rate may not be increased, regardless of increases in the underlying interest rate index.
Timely payment of interest and principal (but not the market value and yield) of some of these pools is supported by various forms of insurance or guarantees issued by private issuers, those who pool the mortgage assets and, in some cases, by U.S. government agencies. Prepayments of the mortgages underlying a CMO, which usually increase when interest rates decrease, will generally reduce the life of the mortgage pool, thus impacting the CMO's yield. Under these circumstances, the reinvestment of prepayments will generally be at a rate lower than the rate applicable to the original CMO.
Some of the CMOs in which the Fund may invest may be less liquid than other types of mortgage securities. As a result, it may be difficult or impossible to sell the securities at an advantageous price or time under certain circumstances.
To the extent any privately issued CMOs in which the Fund invests are considered by the SEC to be an investment company, the Fund will limit its investments in such securities in a manner consistent with the provisions of the 1940 Act.
Yields on privately issued CMOs have been historically higher than the yields on CMOs issued and guaranteed by U.S. government agencies or instrumentalities. The risk of loss due to default on privately issued CMOs, however, is higher since the U.S. government does not guarantee them. The trustees of the Trust believe that the risk of loss from an investment in privately issued CMOs is justified by the higher yield the Fund will earn in light of the historic loss experience on these instruments.
REMICs, which are authorized under the Tax Reform Act of 1986, are private entities formed for the purpose of holding a fixed pool of mortgages secured by an interest in real property. REMICs are similar to CMOs in that they issue multiple classes of securities. As with CMOs, the mortgages that collateralize the REMICs in which the Fund may invest include mortgages backed by Ginnie Mae or other mortgage pass-throughs issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities or issued by private entities, which are not guaranteed by any government agency or instrumentality.
Caps and floors. The underlying mortgages that collateralize ARMS and CMOs will frequently have caps and floors that limit the maximum amount by which the loan rate to the borrower may change up or down (a) per reset or adjustment interval and (b) over the life of the loan. Some residential mortgage loans restrict periodic adjustments by limiting changes in the borrower's monthly principal and interest payments rather than limiting interest rate changes. These payment caps may result in negative amortization.
Resets. The interest rates paid on ARMS and CMOs generally are readjusted at intervals of one year or less to an increment over some predetermined interest rate index, although some securities in which the Fund may invest may have intervals as long as five years. There are three main categories of indices: those based on LIBOR, those based on U.S. Treasury securities and those derived from a calculated measure such as a cost of funds index or a moving average of mortgage rates. Commonly used indices include the one-, three-, and five-year constant-maturity Treasury rates; the three-month Treasury bill rate; the 180-day Treasury bill rate; rates on longer-term Treasury securities; the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds; the National Median Cost of Funds; the one-, three-, six-month, or one-year LIBOR; the prime rate of a specific bank; or commercial paper rates. Some indices, such as the one-year constant-maturity Treasury rate, closely mirror changes in market interest rate levels. Others, such as the 11th District Federal Home Loan Bank Cost of Funds, tend to lag behind changes in market interest rate levels and tend to be somewhat less volatile.
Mortgage dollar rolls. In a mortgage dollar roll, the Fund sells mortgage-backed securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously contracts to repurchase substantially similar (same type, coupon, and maturity) securities on a specified future date. During the period between the sale and repurchase (the "roll period"), the Fund forgoes principal and interest paid on the mortgage-backed securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the lower forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the "drop"), as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale.
For each mortgage dollar roll transaction, the Fund will cover the roll by segregating on its books an offsetting cash position or a position of liquid securities of equivalent value. The manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the mortgage dollar roll contract price.
Successful use of mortgage dollar rolls depends on the manager’s ability to predict correctly interest rates and mortgage prepayments. The Fund could suffer a loss if the contracting party fails to perform the future transaction and the Fund is therefore unable to buy back the mortgage-backed securities it initially sold. The Fund also takes the risk that the mortgage-backed securities that it repurchases at a later date will have less favorable market characteristics than the securities originally sold (e.g., greater prepayment risk).
The Fund intends to enter into mortgage dollar rolls only with high quality government securities dealers and member banks of the Federal Reserve System as approved by the board of trustees. Although mortgage dollar rolls add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund does not consider the purchase and/or sale of a covered mortgage dollar roll to be a borrowing for purposes of the Fund’s fundamental restrictions.
Stripped mortgage securities. These securities are derivative mortgage securities. The stripped mortgage-backed securities in which the Fund may invest will not be limited to those issued or guaranteed by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. government, although such securities are more liquid than privately issued stripped mortgage-backed securities.
Stripped mortgage-backed securities are usually structured with two classes, each receiving different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of stripped mortgage security has one class that receives some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class receives most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class receives all of the interest (the interest-only or "IO" class), while the other class receives all of the principal (the principal-only or "PO" class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive not only to changes in prevailing interest rates but also to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the underlying mortgage assets. A rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the yield to maturity of any IO class held by the Fund. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup its initial investment fully, even if the securities are rated in the highest rating categories, AAA or Aaa, by S&P or Moody's, respectively.
Stripped mortgage-backed securities have greater market volatility than other types of mortgage securities in which the Fund invests and are purchased and sold by institutional investors, such as the Fund, through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers. Some of these securities may be illiquid. The staff of the SEC has indicated that only government-issued IO or PO securities that are backed by fixed-rate mortgages may be deemed to be liquid, if procedures with respect to determining liquidity are established by the Fund's board of trustees. The board of trustees may, in the future, adopt procedures that would permit the Fund to acquire, hold and treat as liquid government-issued IO and PO securities. At the present time, however, all such securities will be treated as illiquid and will, together with any other illiquid investments, not exceed 15% of the Fund's total assets. This position may be changed in the future, without notice to shareholders, in response to the staff's continued reassessment of this matter, as well as to changing market conditions.
Mortgage loan pools offering pass-through investments in addition to those described above may be created in the future. The mortgages underlying these securities may be alternative mortgage instruments, that is, mortgage instruments whose principal or interest payments may vary or whose terms to maturity may differ from customary long-term, fixed-rate mortgages. As new types of mortgage securities are developed and offered to investors, the Fund may invest in them if they are consistent with the Fund's goals, policies and quality standards.
Options, futures and options on financial futures
Bond index futures and related options. The Fund may buy and sell futures contracts based on an index of debt securities and options on such futures contracts to the extent they currently exist and, in the future, may be developed. The Fund reserves the right to conduct futures and options transactions based on an index that may be developed in the future to correlate with price movements in certain categories of debt securities. The Fund's investment strategy in employing futures contracts based on an index of debt securities will be similar to that used by it in other financial futures transactions. The Fund may also buy and write put and call options on such index futures and enter into closing transactions with respect to such options.
Buying call and put options. The Fund may buy call options on securities it intends to buy in order to limit the risk of a substantial increase in the market price of the security. The Fund may also buy call options on securities held in its portfolio and on which it has written call options. A call option gives the option holder the right to buy the underlying securities from the option writer at a stated exercise price. Before its expiration, a call option may be sold in a closing sale transaction. Profit or loss from the sale will depend on whether the amount received is more or less than the premium paid for the call option plus the related transaction costs.
The Fund may buy put options. As the holder of a put option, the Fund has the right to sell the underlying security or currency at the exercise price at any time during the option period. The Fund may enter into closing sale transactions with respect to put options, exercise them. or permit them to expire.
The Fund may buy a put option on an underlying security or currency owned by the Fund (a protective put) as a hedging technique in order to protect against an anticipated decline in the market value of the security. Such hedge protection is provided only during the life of the put option when the Fund, as the holder of the put option, is able to sell the underlying security at the put exercise price, regardless of any decline in the underlying security’s market price or currency’s exchange value. For example, a put option may be purchased in order to protect unrealized appreciation of a security when the manager deems it desirable to continue to hold the security or currency because of tax considerations. The premium paid for the put option and any transaction costs would reduce any short-term capital gain that may be available for distribution when the security is eventually sold.
The Fund may also buy put options at a time when the Fund does not own the underlying security or currency. By buying put options on a security or currency it does not own, the Fund seeks to benefit from a decline in the market price of the underlying security or currency. If the put option is not sold when it has remaining value, and if the market price of the underlying security or currency remains equal to or greater than the exercise price during the life of the put option, the Fund will lose its entire investment in the put option. In order for the purchase of a put option to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security or currency must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium and transaction costs, unless the put option is sold in a closing sale transaction.
The Fund will commit no more than 5% of its assets to premiums when buying put options. The premium paid by the Fund when buying a put option will be recorded as an asset in the Fund’s statement of assets and liabilities. This asset will be adjusted daily to the options’ current market value, which will be the latest sale price at the time at which the net asset value per share of the Fund is computed, the close of the New York Stock Exchange, or, in the absence of a sale, the latest bid price.The asset will be extinguished upon expiration of the option, the writing of an identical option in a closing transaction, or the delivery of the underlying security or currency upon the exerciseof the option.
Call and put options on securities The Fund may write (sell) covered put and call options and buy put options and call options that trade on securities exchanges and in the over-the-counter market.
Future developments. The Fund may take advantage of opportunities in the area of options, futures, and options in futures and any other derivative investments that are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or that are not currently available but which may be developed, to the extent such opportunities are consistent with the Fund’s investment goals and legally permissible for the Fund.
Other investment companies The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in securities of other investment companies. These securities are issued by companies that may be registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act. The Fund may not acquire shares of another investment company (other than a money market fund) if, immediately after the acquisition, the Fund would own (i) more than 3% of the total outstanding voting stock of that investment company, (ii) securities issued by that investment company having an aggregate value in excess of 5% of the Fund's total assets, or (iii) securities issued by that investment company and all other investment companies having an aggregate value in excess of 10% of the Fund's total assets.
If the Fund acquires shares of other investment companies, shareholders would bear both their share of expenses of the Fund (including management and advisory fees) and, indirectly, the expenses of such other investment companies.
The Fund may invest in Franklin Templeton money funds. The Fund’s manager has agreed in advance to reduce their fees attributable to assets invested by the Fund in a Franklin Templeton money market fund. The reduction is required by the board and an SEC order.
Repurchase agreements The Fund generally will have a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents for a variety of reasons, including to satisfy redemption requests from shareholders, waiting for a suitable investment opportunity or taking a defensive position. To earn income on this portion of its assets, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer after a short period of time (generally, less than seven days) at a higher price. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount invested by the Fund in each repurchase agreement. The manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.
A repurchase agreement with more than seven days to maturity is considered an illiquid security and is subject to the Fund's investment restriction on illiquid securities.
Temporary investments When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economy.
Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term debt instruments, including U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other money market equivalents. To the extent allowed by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act and the Fund's other investment policies and restrictions, the manager also may invest the Fund's assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund’s assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
When-issued, delayed delivery and to-be-announced (TBA) transactions are arrangements under which the Fund buys securities that have been authorized but not yet issued, with payment for and delivery of the security scheduled for a future time, generally within 5 to 60 days. Purchases of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis are subject to the risk that the value or the yields at delivery may be more or less than the purchase price or yields available when the transaction was entered into. To the extent the Fund engages in these transactions, it will do so only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with its investment goals and policies and not for the purpose of investment leverage. Although the Fund will generally buy securities on a when-issued or TBA basis with the intention of holding the securities, it may sell the securities before the settlement date if the manager believes it is advisable to do so.
When the Fund is the buyer in this type of transaction, it will maintain, in segregated assets by appropriate notation on the books of the Fund or its custodian bank, cash or marketable securities having an aggregate value equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments until payment is made. As a buyer in one of these transactions, the Fund relies on the seller to complete the transaction. These assets will be marked to market daily and the Fund will increase the aggregate value of the assets, as necessary, to ensure that the assets are equal to 102% of the amount of the Fund’s commitments. The seller’s failure to do so may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered advantageous to the Fund. Securities purchased on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis do not generally earn interest until their scheduled delivery date. Entering into a when-issued, delayed delivery or TBA transaction is a form of leverage that may affect changes in net asset value to a greater extent.
Policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the applicable U.S. registered fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is released 30 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would require the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund, that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or the Fund's fiduciary duties. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholder’s redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
In connection with the provision of portfolio holdings information to Lightning, Lightning may utilize such information to construct a "global hedge" to lessen its exposure to market fluctuations with respect to the fees it receives in connection with the financing of the Fund's Class B shares. The global hedge is not specific to the Fund but rather is constructed with respect to the aggregate portfolio of securities underlying all funds, including funds within Franklin Templeton Investments as well as funds in other investment company complexes for which Lightning provides Class B share financing. The global hedge can be comprised of a number of financial instruments, including futures contracts, swaps, index shares, exchange-traded funds and, in limited circumstances, individual stocks. In its confidentiality agreement with Franklin Templeton Investments, Lightning has agreed to keep confidential any portfolio holdings information it receives from the Fund and also has agreed not to purchase or sell or sell short any individual stocks held by the Fund based on such portfolio holdings information. If other funds for which Lightning provides financing have supplied Lightning with portfolio holdings information, and such holdings include individual stocks that are also included in the list of portfolio holdings supplied by the Fund, it is possible that the global hedge constructed by Lightning may include individual stock transactions based on such other funds' holdings of a particular stock, but not based on the Fund's holdings of that stock. Lightning does not seek to profit from the global hedge, does not invest in Fund shares, and has established precautionary measures so that its personnel may not use the Fund's portfolio information for the purpose of trading in Fund shares or for any other unauthorized trading. Although neither the Fund nor any Franklin Templeton entity receives compensation in connection with the provision of portfolio holdings information to Lightning, because Franklin Resources is an affiliate of Lightning, to the extent that Lightning's global hedge is successful, Franklin Resources may receive an indirect economic benefit from the global hedge and, consequently, from the release of portfolio holdings information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information within its organization, and prohibits the offshore adviser from purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information contained in the information received, trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund, or knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such Fund or its shareholders or trading in shares of any Fund.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration. Some of these funds invest in portfolios of securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. In those instances, release of holdings information regarding the private funds is subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy. In other cases, unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the private fund is permissible but is conditioned upon the client’s execution of a non-disclosure agreement whereby it agrees to limit its use of such information.
In addition, some F-T Managers serve as investment managers to various bank commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton Investments trust company, to various Canadian institutional pooled funds, to separate accounts, and as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. Such trusts, pooled funds, accounts and other funds (collectively, "other accounts") are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. However, in some instances the portfolio holdings of such other accounts may be similar to and, in certain cases, nearly identical to those of a Franklin Templeton mutual fund, including the Fund. In the case of bank commingled trusts, Canadian institutional pooled funds and representative or model separate account information, to mitigate risks that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a mutual fund, the recipient of such portfolio holdings information will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement similar to the one described above for offshore funds. With respect to the other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex, the sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board of trustees, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
Franklin Strategic Series (Trust) has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Fund, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held Board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table reflects fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 27,926 | 517,760 | 41 |
Robert F. Carlson | 27,926 | 318,718 | 27 |
Sam Ginn | 27,926 | 300,303 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 29,573 | 514,000 | 41 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye | 29,844 | 321,000 | 27 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,926 | 493,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 27,926 | 486,765 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 33,450 | 387,060 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2008.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2008.
Independent Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Robert F. Carlson | None | Over $100,000 |
Sam Ginn | None | Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday | None | Over $100,000 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye | $10,001 - $50,000 | Over $100,000 |
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson | None | Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson | None | Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. | None | Over $100,000 |
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Robert F. Carlson, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by “Qualifying Fund Shareholders” (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Fund's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Fund. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Fund if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Audit Committee met six times; the Nominating Committee met two times.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the manager.
The manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the manager’s instructions and/or policies. The manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics’ and/or Glass Lewis’ analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the manager’s clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the manager’s vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) “Other Business” without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer’s management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to an SEC exemptive order (“cash sweep arrangement”); or (3) when required pursuant to the Fund’s governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Fund’s shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of management’s position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company’s shares.
Manager’s proxy voting policies and principles The manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the company’s corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A company’s equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders’ long-term interests. The manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment “evergreen” feature. The manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the manager will generally oppose “golden parachutes” that are considered to be excessive. The manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors’ compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders’ interests. The manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights’ plans (“poison pills”) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of “greenmail.” The manager generally supports “fair price” provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as “Other Business” when the manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1500, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Fund’s proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Manager and services provided The Fund's manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees Prior to January 1, 2008, the Fund paid the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
Effective January 1, 2008, the Fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is calculated daily and paid monthly according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees
Paid ($) 1 |
|
2009 | 13,559,353 |
2008 | 11,999,532 |
2007 | 7,914,117 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $13,874,973, $12,235,665 and $8,106,479, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2009.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Christopher J. Molumphy | 8 | 6,610.5 | 5 | 1,118.8 | 2 | 328.0 |
Eric G. Takaha | 5 | 4,075.9 | 5 | 873.5 | 2 | 28.8 |
1. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio manager’s compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio manager’s base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio manager’s marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager’s level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager’s compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund’s shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the manager and/or other officers of the manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds, and options to purchase common shares of Resources stock. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by each portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Christopher J. Molumphy | $100,001 - $500,000 |
Eric G. Takaha | $100,001 - $500,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with the manager to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Fund's manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees The manager pays FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration
Fees Paid ($) |
|
2009 | 2,844,219 |
2008 | 2,618,738 |
2007 | 1,911,621 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
|
2009 | 32,553 |
2008 | 33,833 |
2007 | 5,591 |
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Fund did not pay brokerage commissions to brokers who provided research services.
As of April 30, 2009, the Fund owned securities issued by Banc of America Securities LLC, Citibank, Goldman, Sachs & Co., Greenwich Capital Markets, Inc., J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc., Merrill Lynch Government Securities Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., Inc. and UBS Securities LLC valued in the aggregate at $19,572, $63,917, $10,347, $37,539, $37,497, $8,108, $17,900 and $24,667, respectively. Except as noted, the Fund did not own any securities issued by its regular broker-dealer as of the end of the fiscal year.
As of April 30, 2009, the Fund did not own securities of its regular broker-dealers.
Multiclass distributions The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. A portion of the income dividends may also be designated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends that will not be subject to nonresident alien withholding for most non-U.S. investors. See the section on "Non-U.S. investors" for more information on interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2010, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2011 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its taxable income and realized capital gains for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends designated by the Fund, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. These designations will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to make its designations in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The board of trustees reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines this course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. In that case, the Fund would be subject to federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment company's income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Fund's fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat its realized capital loss (its "post-October loss") as occurring on the first day of its next fiscal year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the post-October loss and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Fund's reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
The automatic conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares in the same Fund will be tax-free for federal income tax reporting purposes. You should talk to your tax advisor regarding the state and local tax consequences of this or any other conversion of shares.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. (Class A only) In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Cost basis reporting.
Under recently enacted provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Fund’s administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton Funds is available online at
franklintempleton.com (under the Fund’s Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN /
(800) 342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, the Fund must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements. See the section below entitled "Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors."
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends and the corporate dividends-received deduction For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets for dividends paid from income earned by the Fund in 2008 through 2010). These special rates of taxation are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010.
In general, income dividends from dividends received by the Fund from domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations will be permitted this favored federal tax treatment. Income dividends from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities and dividends received from unqualified foreign corporations will continue to be taxed at the higher ordinary income tax rates.
For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the corporate dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Dividends paid by the Fund from its investments in debt obligations, or in foreign rather than domestic securities, will not qualify for this deduction.
Because the income of the Fund is primarily derived from investments earning interest rather than dividend income, it is anticipated that only a small percentage, if any, of the Fund’s income dividends will be qualified dividends for individual shareholders or will be eligible for the dividends-received deduction for corporate shareholders. If the percentage of qualified dividend income or dividends-received deduction for corporations is in fact quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not designate either a percentage of qualified dividends, or of dividends-received deduction, or both, for Fund investors.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing and/or tax character (ordinary or capital) of gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income distributed to you. For example,
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in certain derivative contracts, including some or all of the following types of investments: options on securities and securities indices; financial and futures contracts; options on financial or futures contracts and stock index futures; foreign currency contracts, and forward and futures contracts on foreign currencies. If it makes any of these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts. Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses. In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts) and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.
Constructive sales. The Fund's entry into an option or other contract could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing it to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund's entry into securities lending transactions may cause the replacement income earned on the loaned securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified dividend income. This replacement income generally will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividend income, and, to the extent that debt securities are loaned, will generally not qualify as qualified interest income for foreign withholding tax purposes.
Tax straddles. If the Fund invests in any or all of the derivative contracts described in the paragraphs above, if it actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, or if it engages in spread, straddle or collar transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, including securities in a spread, collar, straddle or similar type of transaction, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax "straddle" or to hold a "successor position" that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Structured investments. The Fund is permitted to invest in instruments that are designed to restructure the investment characteristics of particular groups of securities. For example, the Fund is permitted to invest in swap contracts that are designed to give the holder a specific return (on a net basis) than would otherwise be payable in the case of a traditional security. Swap contracts can also involve exchanges in fixed and variable interest rates, foreign currencies or baskets of securities that mimic certain other securities or indices. By investing in these securities, the Fund could be subject to tax consequences that differ from those of an investment in traditional debt or equity securities.
Credit-linked securities. The Fund may enter into credit-linked securities including debt securities represented by an interest in or collateralized by one or more corporate debt obligations, or into credit default swap agreements. The rules governing the tax aspects of credit-linked securities that provide for contingent nonperiodic payments of this type are in a developing stage and are not entirely clear in certain aspects. Accordingly, while the Fund intends to account for such transactions in a manner that it deems to be appropriate, the IRS might not accept such treatment, and may require the Fund to modify its treatment of these investments. Certain requirements that must be met under the Code in order for the Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company may limit the extent to which the Fund will be able to engage in credit default swap agreements.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. The Fund may also be able to invest in distressed mortgage obligations or in other debt obligations in or pending default. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Each of these investments by the Fund in complex securities is subject to special tax rules that could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income realized by the Fund and distributed to you.
Excess inclusion income of certain tax-exempt shareholders from an investment by the Fund in REITs and REMIC residual interests. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements (401(k)s) and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (UBTI). Under current law, the Fund serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder that is subject to UBTI could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if: (i) the Fund invests in a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) or in a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) that holds a REMIC residual interest (income that is attributable to these residual interests is referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion income”) or (ii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). In addition, if a REIT, that issues debt securities with more than one maturity, owns a “taxable mortgage pool” within the meaning of Code Section 7701(i) as a portion of the REIT’s assets, or as a REIT subsidiary, then a portion of the REIT’s income may be treated as if it were an excess inclusion from a REMIC. This income generally is required to be allocated by the Fund to you in proportion to the dividends paid to you with the same tax consequences as if you received the excess inclusion income directly. If you are a tax-exempt shareholder, this excess inclusion income may have a tax consequence to you as discussed below.
Under guidance recently issued by the IRS, the Fund will be taxed at the highest corporate income tax rate on its excess inclusion income that is allocable to the percentage of its shares held in record name by a “disqualified organization.” Disqualified organizations generally include certain cooperatives, governmental entities and tax-exempt organizations that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that Fund shares owned by a disqualified organization are held in record name by a broker-dealer or other nominee, the broker-dealer or other nominee would be liable for the corporate level tax on the portion of the Fund’s excess inclusion income allocable to Fund shares held by the broker-dealer or other nominee. The Fund expects that disqualified organizations will own their shares and will not themselves be pass-through entities. Because this tax is imposed at the Fund level, all shareholders, including shareholders that are not disqualified organizations, will bear a portion of the tax cost associated with the Fund’s receipt of excess inclusion income. However, to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and under Treasury Regulations, the Fund may, but is not required to, specially allocate this tax expense to the disqualified organizations to which it is attributable, so long as such an allocation will not constitute a preferential dividend to the Fund.
In addition, with respect to Fund shareholders who are not nominees, for Fund taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2007, the Fund must report excess inclusion income to shareholders in two cases:
Any excess inclusion income realized by the Fund and allocated to shareholders under these rules cannot be offset by net operating losses of the shareholders. If the shareholder is a tax-exempt entity and not a "disqualified organization," then this income is fully taxable as unrelated business taxable income under the Code. Charitable remainder trusts do not incur UBTI by receiving excess inclusion income from the Fund. If the shareholder is a non-U.S. person, such shareholder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a rate of 30% on this income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty. If the shareholder is a REIT, a regulated investment company, common trust fund or other pass-through entity, such shareholder's allocable share of the Fund's excess inclusion income would be considered excess inclusion income of such entity and such entity would be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax rate on any excess inclusion income allocated to their owners that are disqualified organizations. Accordingly, investors should be aware that a portion of the Fund's income may be considered excess inclusion income.
Compliance with these requirements will require the Fund to obtain significant cooperation from any REITs in which it invests. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive the information that it needs to implement these requirements and report any excess inclusion income to you on a timely basis. The Fund will use its best efforts to meet these requirements, and through the Investment Company Institute, will seek additional guidance from the IRS and the cooperation of REITs in providing excess inclusion income information on a timely basis.
Tax-exempt shareholders should talk to their tax advisors about the implications of these rules on their separate tax situations.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of appropriate forms to certify their foreign status and to claim any applicable treaty benefits to which they are entitled.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid out of income and gains earned by the Fund prior to the end of the Fund's fiscal year ending in 2010. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends designated by the Fund as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends designated and paid by the Fund from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is designated by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the designation is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors.
It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to designate, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not designate, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's designation of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by
intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has designated interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Fund’s Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN. If you are a shareholder of an
institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at
(800) DIAL BEN.
Other income dividends and effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate. If you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains will be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis, in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedent’s investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2010, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedent’s death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset at the end of the Fund’s fiscal year on December 31, 2009 (calendar year funds) or in 2010 (fiscal year funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2009. Unless these rules are extended or made permanent before the sunset provisions become effective, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. REITs. The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Fund's non-U.S. shareholders.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S. REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35%, and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
These rules apply to dividends with respect to the Fund’s taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, except that after this date, Fund distributions from a U.S. qualified REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
Other Tax Information This discussion of “Distributions and Taxes” is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
The Fund is a diversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (Trust), an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
The Fund currently offers five classes of shares, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. The Fund may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Fund has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 3, 2009, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Charles Schwab & Co. Inc.
FBO SPS Advantage 101 Montgomery St. San Francisco, CA 94104-3009 |
Class A | 8.78 |
Hartford Life Insurance Co.
Separate Accounts Unit Operations P.O. Box 2999 Hartford, CT 06104-2999 |
Class R | 14.84 |
American United Life Insurance
Company Group Retirement Annuity Separate Accounts Administration 1002C P.O. Box 1995 Indianapolis, IN 46206-9102 |
Class R | 14.14 |
Age 9-12 Years
FT 529 College Savings Plan 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ste. 2100 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091 |
Advisor Class | 5.18 |
Age 13-16 Years
FT 529 College Savings Plan 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ste. 2100 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091 |
Advisor Class | 9.51 |
Age 17-20 Years
FT 529 College Savings Plan 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ste. 2100 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091 |
Advisor Class | 6.43 |
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
As of August 3, 2009, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by certain asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. The Fund, based on monitoring of the trading activity of such Asset Allocator accounts, reserves the right to treat such Asset Allocators as market timers. In such circumstances, the Fund may restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators if, in the judgment of the Fund’s manager or transfer agent, such trading may interfere with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio, may materially increase the Fund’s transaction costs or taxes, or may otherwise be detrimental to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 4.25% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C, Class R and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
If you paid a CDSC when you redeemed your Class A shares from a Franklin Templeton Investment Fund, a new CDSC will apply to your purchase of Fund shares and the CDSC holding period will begin again. We will, however, credit your Fund account with additional shares based on the CDSC you previously paid and the amount of the redemption proceeds that you reinvest.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Templeton money fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested within 90 days from the date they are redeemed from the money fund.
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge of 5.75%) and 0.75% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge less than 5.75%) on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under “Shareholder servicing and transfer agent” above.
As noted below, Distributors may make additional payments to dealers, including dealers not listed below, related to ticket charges and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisors and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers (including their respective affiliates) receiving marketing support payments as of March 31, 2009. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Associated Securities Corp., AXA Advisors, LLC, Banc of America Investment Services, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., Capital Brokerage Corporation, CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Commerce Brokerage Services, Inc., Compass Brokerage, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Edward Jones, Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Genworth Financial Securities Corp., Hornor, Townsend & Kent, Inc., IFC Holdings Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., John Hancock Distributors LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, Mutual Service Corporation, NatCity Investments, Inc., National Planning Corporation, PFS Investments, Inc., PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Investment Center, Inc., UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc., Wachovia Securities, LLC, Waterstone Financial Group, Inc., WaMu Investments, Inc., and Wells Fargo Investments, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A, B and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% for Class C and 0.75% for Class A of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
For Class B shares, there is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table below. The charge is based on the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
if you sell your Class B shares within
|
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked “unable to forward” by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending prospectuses to existing shareholders.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Fund's Class A, B, C and R shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2009 | 8,379,973 | 1,086,109 | 449,538 |
2008 | 12,571,809 | 1,870,711 | 258,880 |
2007 | 9,055,230 | 1,366,707 | 231,852 |
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A, B, C and R The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class. Because Class B is currently closed to new investors, the amounts paid by the Fund under its plan are primarily to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay third-party financing entities.
The Class A, B, C and R plans. The Fund may pay up to 0.25% per year of Class A’s average daily net assets. The Fund pays Distributors up to 0.65% per year of Class B and Class C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.15% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). For Class R shares, the Fund pays Distributors up to 0.50% per year of the class's average daily net assets. The Class B, C and R plans also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of Class B, C and R shares. Class B plan fees payable to Distributors are used by Distributors to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay third party financing entities that have provided financing to Distributors in connection with advancing commissions to securities dealers. Resources owns a minority interest in one of the third party financing entities.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class B, C and R plans are compensation plans. They allow the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plans.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the Class A plan were:
($) | |
Advertising | 13,881 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 7,278 |
Payments to underwriters | 54,407 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 4,869,270 |
Other | — |
Total | 4,944,836 |
Under the Class B plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
($) | |
Advertising | — |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | — |
Payments to underwriters | — |
Payments to broker-dealers | 134,776 |
Other | 449,574 |
Total | 584,350 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
($) | |
Advertising | 14,847 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 7,875 |
Payments to underwriters | 63,490 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 4,593,505 |
Other | — |
Total | 4,679,717 |
Under the Class R plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
($) | |
Advertising | 373 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 263 |
Payments to underwriters | 3,416 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 531,032 |
Other | — |
Total | 535,084 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plans because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plans for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares and current yield quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Current yield Current yield shows the income per share earned by the Fund. It is calculated by dividing the net investment income per share earned during a 30-day base period by the applicable maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period and annualizing the result. Expenses accrued for the period include any fees charged to all shareholders of the class during the base period.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
a = dividends and interest earned during the period
b = expenses accrued for the period (net of reimbursements)
c = the average daily number of shares outstanding during the period that were entitled to receive dividends
d = the maximum offering price per share on the last day of the period
Current distribution rate Current yield, which is calculated according to a formula prescribed by the SEC, is not indicative of the amounts that were or will be paid to shareholders. Amounts paid to shareholders are reflected in the quoted current distribution rate. The current distribution rate is usually computed by annualizing the dividends paid per share by a class during a certain period and dividing that amount by the current maximum offering price. The current distribution rate differs from the current yield computation because it may include distributions to shareholders from sources other than dividends and interest, such as premium income from option writing and short-term capital gains, and is calculated over a different period of time.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services over 4 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has over $482 billion in assets under management for more than 6 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 109 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its Nasdaq symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
Short-Term Debt Ratings
Moody's
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs and to individual short-term debt instruments. These obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13 months, unless explicitly noted. Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
P-1 (Prime-1): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 (Prime-2): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 (Prime-3): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P ®
S&P's ratings are a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days -- including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.
A-1: This designation indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: Issues carrying this designation are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations carrying the higher designations. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: Issues carrying this designation are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
C: Issues carrying this designation are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: Issues carrying this designation are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Franklin Strategic Series Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund – Class A, B, C, R & Advisor Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund – Class A, C, R & Advisor Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund – Class A, B, C, R & Advisor Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund – Class A, B, C, R & Advisor Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund – Class A, B, C, R & Advisor STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2009 |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
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This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Funds (hereafter "the Fund") prospectus. The Fund’s prospectus, dated September 1, 2009, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Fund’s prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI).
For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/
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CONTENTS
FSS1 SAI 09/09 |
The information provided with respect to each Fund (hereafter "the Fund") is in addition to that included in the Fund's prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies mentioned with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.”
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the board of trustees without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
The investment goal of the Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (Flex Cap Fund) is capital appreciation.
The investment goal of the Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (Growth Opportunities Fund) is capital appreciation.
The investment goal of the Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (Small Cap Fund) is long-term capital growth.
The investment goal of the Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (Small-Mid Cap Fund) is long-term capital growth.
Other than the Small-Mid Cap Fund, each Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
7. Invest more than 25% of the Fund's net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies).
8. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
The Small-Mid Cap Fund may not:
1. Purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than obligations of the U.S., its agencies or instrumentalities) if immediately thereafter, and as a result of the purchase, the Fund would (a) have invested more than 5% of the value of its total assets in the securities of the issuer, or (b) hold more than 10% of any voting class of the securities of any one issuer.
2. Make loans to other persons, except by the purchase of bonds, debentures or similar obligations which are publicly distributed or of a character usually acquired by institutional investors or through loans of the Fund’s portfolio securities, or to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement may be deemed a loan.
3. Borrow money (does not preclude the Fund from obtaining such short-term credit as may be necessary for the clearance of purchases and sales of its portfolio securities), except in the form of reverse repurchase agreements or from banks in order to meet redemption requests that might otherwise require the untimely disposition of portfolio securities or for other temporary or emergency (but not investment) purposes, in an amount up to 10% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed) based on the lesser of cost or market, less liabilities (not including the amount borrowed) at the time the borrowing is made. While borrowings exceed 5% of the Fund’s total assets, the Fund will not make any additional investments.
4. Invest more than 25% of the Fund’s assets (at the time of the most recent investment) in any single industry.
5. Underwrite securities of other issuers or invest more than 10% of its assets in securities with legal or contractual restrictions on resale (although the Fund may invest in such securities to the extent permitted under the federal securities laws, for example, transactions between the Fund and Qualified Institutional Buyers subject to Rule 144A under the Securities Act of 1933) or which are not readily marketable, or which have a record of less than three years continuous operation, including the operations of any predecessor companies, if more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in such companies.
6. Invest in securities for the purpose of exercising management or control of the issuer.
7. Maintain a margin account with a securities dealer or invest in commodities and commodity contracts (except that the Fund may engage in financial futures, including stock index futures, and options on stock index futures) or lease or acquire any interests, including interests issued by limited partnerships (other than publicly traded equity securities) in oil, gas, or other mineral exploration or development programs, or invest in excess of 5% of its total assets in options unrelated to the Fund’s transactions in futures, including puts, calls, straddles, spreads, or any combination thereof.
8. Effect short sales, unless at the time the Fund owns securities equivalent in kind and amount to those sold (which will normally be for deferring recognition of gains or losses for tax purposes). The Fund does not currently intend to employ this investment technique.
9. Invest directly in real estate, real estate limited partnerships or illiquid securities issued by real estate investment trusts (the Fund may, however, invest in marketable securities issued by real estate investment trusts).
10. Invest in the securities of other investment companies, except where there is no commission other than the customary brokerage commission or sales charge, or except that securities of another investment company may be acquired pursuant to a plan of reorganization, merger, consolidation or acquisition, and except where the Fund would not own, immediately after the acquisition, securities of the investment companies which exceed in the aggregate i) more than 3% of the issuer’s outstanding voting stock, ii) more than 5% of the Fund’s total assets, and iii) together with the securities of all other investment companies held by the Fund, exceed, in the aggregate, more than 10% of the Fund’s total assets. The Fund may invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates.
11. Purchase from or sell to its officers and trustees, or any firm of which any officer or trustee is a member, as principal, any securities, but may deal with such persons or firms as brokers and pay a customary brokerage commission; or purchase or retain securities of any issuer, if to the knowledge of the Trust, one or more of the officers or trustees of the Trust, or the manager, own beneficially more than one-half of 1% of the securities of such issuer and all such officers and trustees together own beneficially more than 5% of such securities.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
Flex Cap Fund
1. The Fund may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets as securities for loans, nor to engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. The Fund may invest in securities of companies operating in the real estate industry, including real estate investment trusts (REITs). The Fund currently intends to limit these investments to no more than 10% of total assets.
3. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets in debt securities. The Fund may invest in debt securities that the manager believes present an opportunity for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The receipt of income from debt securities is incidental to the Fund’s investment goal. The Fund may invest in both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund may buy securities that are rated at least B by Moody’s Investors Service (Moody’s) or Standard & Poor’s (S&P ® ) or unrated securities of comparable quality. The Fund will not invest more than 5% of its assets in securities rated below investment grade.
4. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities and may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund (Focused Core Fund)
1. The Fund’s investment goal is capital appreciation.
2. The Fund may invest up to 20% of its net assets in debt securities that the Fund’s manager believes present an opportunity for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer.
Growth Opportunities Fund
1. Borrowings under fundamental investment restriction number 1 above may not exceed 15% of the value of the Fund’s total assets (including the amount borrowed).
2. The Fund intends to limit its investments in foreign securities to no more than 10% of its total assets.
3. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Small Cap Fund
1. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in foreign securities, including those of developing or emerging markets. The Fund currently intends to limit its investment in foreign securities to 10% of its total assets.
2. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in REITs.
3. The Fund will not invest in securities issued without stock certificates or comparable stock documents.
4. The Fund may not invest more than 10% of its net assets in securities of issuers with less than three years continuous operation, including the operation of predecessor companies.
5. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in corporate debt securities that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The receipt of income from debt securities is incidental to the Fund’s investment goal. The Fund may buy both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund will invest in securities rated B or better by Moody’s or S&P or unrated securities of comparable quality.
6. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Small-Mid Cap Fund
1. The Fund may not pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets as securities for loans, nor engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. The Fund may invest up to 25% of its total assets in foreign securities, including those of developing or emerging markets. The Fund currently intends to limit its investment in foreign securities to 10% of its total assets.
3. The Fund may invest up to 10% of its total assets in REITs.
4. The Fund will not invest in securities issued without stock certificates or comparable stock documents.
5. The Fund may not invest more than 10% of its net assets in securities of issuers with less than three years continuous operation.
6. The Fund may invest up to 5% of its total assets in corporate debt securities that the manager believes have the potential for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The receipt of income from debt securities is incidental to the Fund’s investment goal. The Fund may buy both rated and unrated debt securities. The Fund will invest in securities rated B or better by Moody’s or S&P or unrated securities of comparable quality.
7. When suitable opportunities are available, the Fund may invest in initial public offerings of securities and may invest a small portion of its assets in private or illiquid securities, such as late stage venture capital financings.
Additional StrategiesIn trying to achieve its investment goal, the Fund may invest in the types of securities or engage in the types of transactions identified below. The Fund may not use all of these techniques at any one time. A more detailed description of the investment policies as well as the risks associated with these investment policies that the Fund uses is included in the section “Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.”
Flex Cap Fund
Focused Core Fund
Growth Opportunities Fund
Small Cap Fund
Small-Mid Cap Fund
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the securities owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the securities owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular security that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
The following is a description of the various types of securities the Fund may buy and techniques it may use.
Biotechnology companies The biotechnology industry is subject to extensive government regulation. The industry will be affected by government regulatory requirements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical products, patent considerations, product liability, and similar matters. For example, in the past several years, the U.S. Congress has considered legislation concerning healthcare reform and changes to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s (FDA) approval process. If such legislation is passed it may affect the biotechnology industry. As these factors impact the biotechnology industry, the value of your shares may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Because the biotechnology industry is relatively new, investors may be quick to react to developments that affect the industry. In the past, biotechnology securities have exhibited considerable volatility in reaction to research and other developments. In comparison to more developed industries, there may be a thin trading market in biotechnology securities, and adverse developments in the biotechnology industry may be more likely to result in decreases in the value of biotechnology stocks.
Biotechnology companies are often small, start-up ventures whose products are only in the research stage. Only a limited number of biotechnology companies have reached the point of approval of products by the FDA and subsequent commercial production and distribution of such products. Therefore, the success of investments in the biotechnology industry is often based upon speculation and expectations about future products, research progress, and new product filings with regulatory authorities. Such investments are speculative and may drop sharply in value in response to regulatory or research setbacks.
Borrowing Under the 1940 Act and the SEC’s current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, the Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks to increase its holdings of portfolio securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund’s holdings may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund’s net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may also borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan shall be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Borrowing from affiliated investment companies. Subject to the Fund’s fundamental restrictions on borrowing, the Fund may also borrow money from affiliated investment companies or other affiliated entities. In September 1999, the SEC granted an exemptive order to the Fund, together with other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, permitting each fund to borrow money from other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments through a credit facility for temporary purposes (the Borrowing Order). The Borrowing Order permits the Fund to borrow money from other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments at rates that may be more favorable than the rates that the Fund would receive if it borrowed from banks or other lenders. The Borrowing Order also permits the Fund to borrow from other affiliated entities, such as the investment manager, under emergency market conditions should the SEC permit investment companies to engage in such borrowing in the future, such as it did in response to the emergency market conditions that existed immediately after the events of September 11, 2001.
The Borrowing Order permits the Fund to engage in borrowing and lending through the credit facilities in the following certain situations: (i) when the cash position of the Fund is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements; or (ii) when a sale of securities "fails" due to circumstances such as a delay in the delivery of cash to the Fund's custodian or improper delivery instructions by the broker effecting the transaction.
According to the Borrowing Order, if the total outstanding borrowings of the Fund are less than 10% immediately after the borrowing, the amount borrowed may be unsecured. If the total outstanding borrowings of the Fund are more than 10% immediately after the borrowing, the amount borrowed must be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If the Fund has outstanding interfund borrowings that, through additional borrowings, cause its outstanding borrowings from all sources to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund must first secure each outstanding interfund loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
If the Fund has outstanding interfund loans and its total outstanding borrowings exceed 10% of its total assets for any other reason (such as decline in net asset value or because of shareholder redemptions), the Fund will within one business day thereafter: (a) repay all of its outstanding interfund loan, (b) reduce its outstanding indebtedness to 10% or less of its total assets, or (c) secure each outstanding interfund loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan until the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, at which time the collateral shall no longer be required. Under these circumstances, until each outstanding interfund loan is repaid or the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund will mark the value of the collateral to market each day and will pledge such additional collateral as is necessary to maintain the market value of the collateral at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
The duration of interfund loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days. Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. The Fund's borrowings through the credit facility, as measured on the day the most recent loan was made, will not exceed the greater of 125% of the Fund's total net cash redemptions and 102% of sales fails for the preceding seven calendar days. The trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the independent trustees, will: (a) review no less frequently than quarterly the Fund's participation in the credit facility during the preceding quarter for compliance with the conditions with the Borrowing Order; (b) establish a bank loan rate formula used to determine the interest rate on interfund loans in accordance with the Borrowing Order and review no less frequently than annually the continuing appropriateness of the bank loan rate formula; and (c) review no less frequently than annually the continuing appropriateness of the Fund's participation in the credit facility.
Convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. A convertible security may be subject to redemption by the issuer, but only after a specified date and under circumstances established at the time the security is issued. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is “converted,” the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
If the convertible security is issued by an investment bank, the security is an obligation of and is convertible through the issuing investment bank. The issuer of a convertible security may be important in determining the security's true value. This is because the holder of a convertible security will have recourse only to the issuer.
While the Fund uses the same criteria to rate a convertible debt security that it uses to rate a more conventional debt security, a convertible preferred stock is treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment limitation purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. In addition, distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments.
Enhanced convertible securities. In addition to “plain vanilla” convertibles, a number of different structures have been created to fit the characteristics of specific investors and issuers. Examples of these enhanced characteristics for investors include yield enhancement, increased equity exposure or enhanced downside protection. From an issuer's perspective, enhanced structures are designed to meet balance sheet criteria, interest/dividend payment deductibility and reduced equity dilution. The following are descriptions of common structures of enhanced convertible securities.
Mandatory convertible securities are considered the most equity-like of convertible securities. At maturity these securities are mandatorily convertible into common stock offering investors some form of yield enhancement in return for some of the upside potential in the form of a conversion premium. Typical characteristics of mandatories include: issued as preferred stock, convertible at premium, pay fixed quarterly dividend (typically higher than common stock dividend), and are non-callable for the life of the security (usually three to five years). An important feature of mandatories is that the number of shares received at maturity is determined by the difference between the price of the common stock at maturity and the price of the common stock at issuance. Mandatory convertible securities come in many forms. One increasingly popular structure due to favorable tax treatment is a trust that holds a combination of a debt instrument that pays a fixed quarterly premium with a forward contract that ensures delivery of the equity security at maturity. In some cases, these trusts are registered as closed end investment companies although they are not actively managed and do not charge any management fees (any expenses are prepaid by the issuer).
Convertible trust preferred securities are, from an investor's viewpoint, essentially convertible preferred securities, i.e., they are issued as preferred stock convertible into common stock at a premium and pay quarterly dividends. Through this structure the company establishes a wholly owned special purpose vehicle whose sole purpose is to issue convertible preferred stock. The offering proceeds pass through to the company who issues the special purpose vehicle a convertible subordinated debenture with identical terms to the convertible preferred issued to investors. Benefits to the issuer include increased equity credit from rating agencies and the deduction of coupon payments for tax purposes.
Exchangeable securities are often used by a company divesting a holding in another company. The primary difference between exchangeable and standard convertible structures is that the issuer of an exchangeable is different from the issuer of the underlying shares.
Zero-coupon and deep-discount convertible bonds include the following characteristics: no or low coupon payments, imbedded put options allowing the investor to put them on select dates prior to maturity, call protection (usually three to five years), and lower than normal conversion premiums at issuance. A benefit to the issuer is that while no cash interest is actually paid, the accrued interest may be deducted for tax purposes. Because of their put options, these bonds tend to be less sensitive to changes in interest rates than either long maturity bonds or preferred stocks. The put options also provide enhanced downside protection while retaining the equity participation characteristics of traditional convertible bonds.
An investment in an enhanced convertible security or any other security may involve additional risks. The Fund may have difficulty disposing of such securities because there may be a thin trading market for a particular security at any given time. Reduced liquidity may have an adverse impact on market price and the Fund's ability to dispose of particular securities, when necessary, to meet the Fund's liquidity needs or in response to a specific economic event, such as the deterioration in the creditworthiness of an issuer. Reduced liquidity in the secondary market for certain securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain market quotations based on actual trades for purposes of valuing the Fund's portfolio. The Fund, however, intends to acquire liquid securities, though there can be no assurances that this will be achieved.
Synthetic convertibles. A synthetic convertible is created by combining distinct securities that together possess the two principal characteristics of a true convertible security, i.e., fixed income and the right to acquire the underlying equity security. This combination is achieved by investing in nonconvertible fixed-income securities and in warrants or stock or stock index call options which grant the holder the right to purchase a specified quantity of securities within a specified period of time at a specified price or to receive cash in the case of stock index options.
Synthetic convertible securities are generally not considered to be “equity securities” for purposes of the Fund's investment policy regarding those securities. Synthetic convertibles are typically offered by financial institutions and investment banks in private placement transactions. Upon conversion, the Fund generally receives an amount in cash equal to the difference between the conversion price and the then-current value of the underlying security.
Synthetic convertible securities differ from true convertible securities in several respects. The value of a synthetic convertible is the sum of the values of its fixed-income component and its convertibility component. Thus, the values of a synthetic convertible and a true convertible security will respond differently to market fluctuations. Further, although the manager expects normally to create synthetic convertibles whose two components represent one issuer, the character of a synthetic convertible allows the Fund to combine components representing distinct issuers, or to combine a fixed-income security with a call option on a stock index, when the manager determines that such a combination would better promote the Fund's investment goals. In addition, the component parts of a synthetic convertible security may be purchased simultaneously or separately; and the holder of a synthetic convertible faces the risk that the price of the stock, or the level of the market index underlying the convertibility component will decline.
Debt securities The Fund may invest in debt securities that the Fund’s manager believes present an opportunity for capital appreciation as a result of improvement in the creditworthiness of the issuer. The receipt of income from debt securities is incidental to the Funds’ investment goals.
A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender’s money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes, and commercial paper differ in the length of the issuer’s payment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest.
The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in interest rates and the financial condition of each issuer.
Debt securities risks. Debt securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations (credit risk) and may also be subject to price volatility due to factors such as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer, and general market liquidity (market risk). The manager considers both credit risk and market risk in making investment decisions as to corporate debt obligations. Debt obligations will tend to decrease in value when prevailing interest rates rise and increase in value when prevailing interest rates fall. Generally, long-term debt obligations are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than short-term obligations. Because investments in debt obligations are interest rate sensitive, the Fund's performance may be affected by the manager's ability to anticipate and respond to fluctuations in market interest rates, to the extent of the Fund's investment in debt obligations.
Bonds. A bond is a debt security in which investors loan money to an entity that borrows for a defined period of time at a specified interest rate. Bonds can be rated by independent rating organizations based on an analysis of the fundamental soundness of the borrower. See "Investment grade debt securities" and "Lower rated and unrated securities" below for more information.
Commercial paper. Commercial paper is an unsecured, short-term loan by a corporation, typically for financing accounts receivable and inventory with maturities of up to 270 days. The Fund may invest in domestic or foreign commercial paper. Investments in commercial paper are generally limited to obligations rated Prime-1 or Prime-2 by Moody's or A-1 or A-2 by S&P or, if unrated, issued by companies having an outstanding debt issue currently rated Aaa or Aa by Moody's or AAA or AA by S&P. The Fund also may invest in lower rated commercial paper to the extent permitted by its policies on lower rated debt securities generally.
Debentures. A debenture is an unsecured debt backed only by the creditworthiness of the borrower, not by collateral.
Investment grade debt securities. Various independent rating organizations publish ratings of some of the debt securities in which the Fund may invest based upon their assessment of the financial soundness of the issuer. Generally, a higher rating indicates less risk. Debt securities that are rated Baa by Moody's or BBB by S&P or above, or unrated securities deemed by the Fund's manager to be of comparable quality, are considered to be "investment grade." Debt securities in the lowest investment grade category may have speculative characteristics and changes in economic conditions or other circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to make principal and interest payments than is the case with higher grade debt securities.
Ratings. Various investment services publish ratings of some of the debt securities in which the Fund may invest. Higher yields are ordinarily available from securities in the lower rating categories, such as securities rated Ba or lower by Moody's or BB or lower by S&P or from unrated securities deemed by the Fund's manager to be of comparable quality. Such high-yield securities are considered to be below "investment grade" and are sometimes referred to as "junk bonds." These ratings represent the opinions of the rating services with respect to the issuer's ability to pay interest and repay principal. They do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value and are not absolute standards of quality.
If the rating on an issue held in the Fund's portfolio is changed by the rating service or the security goes into default, this event will be considered by the Fund in its evaluation of the overall investment merits of that security but will not generally result in an automatic sale of the security.
Lower rated and unrated securities. An investment in a fund that invests in below-investment grade securities, including those issued by foreign companies and governments, is subject to a higher degree of risk than an investment in a fund that invests primarily in higher-quality securities. You should consider the increased risk of loss to principal that is present with an investment in higher risk securities, such as those in which the Fund may invest. Accordingly, an investment in the Fund should not be considered a complete investment program and should be carefully evaluated for its appropriateness in light of your overall investment needs and goals.
Although they may offer higher yields than do higher rated securities, lower rated and unrated debt securities generally involve greater volatility of price and risk to principal and income, including the possibility of default by, or bankruptcy of, the issuers of the securities. These securities will have some quality and protective characteristics, but these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major risk exposures to adverse conditions. If the rating on an issue held in the Fund’s portfolio is changed by the rating service or the security goes into default, this event will be considered by the Fund in its evaluation of the overall investment merits of that security but will not generally result in an automatic sale of the security.
Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may decrease the values and liquidity of lower rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market. Analysis of the creditworthiness of issuers of lower rated debt securities may be more complex than for issuers of higher rated securities. The ability of the Fund to achieve its investment goal may, to the extent of investment in lower rated debt securities, be more dependent upon such creditworthiness analysis than would be the case if the Fund were investing in higher rated securities. The Fund relies on the manager’s judgment, analysis and experience in evaluating the creditworthiness of an issuer. In this evaluation, the manager takes into consideration, among other things, the issuer’s financial resources, its sensitivity to economic conditions and trends, its operating history, the quality of the issuer’s management and regulatory matters.
The markets in which lower rated and unrated debt securities are traded are more limited than those in which higher-rated securities are traded. The existence of limited markets for particular securities may diminish the Fund's ability to sell the securities at fair value either to meet redemption requests or to respond to a specific economic event such as a deterioration in the creditworthiness of the issuer. Reduced secondary market liquidity for certain lower rated or unrated debt securities may also make it more difficult for the Fund to obtain accurate market quotations for the purposes of valuing its portfolio. Market quotations are generally available on many lower rated or unrated securities only from a limited number of dealers and may not necessarily represent firm bids of such dealers or prices for actual sales.
Lower rated debt securities may be more susceptible to real or perceived adverse economic and competitive industry conditions than investment grade securities. The prices of lower rated debt securities may be less sensitive to interest rate changes than higher rated investments, but more sensitive to economic downturns or individual adverse corporate developments. A projection of an economic downturn or of a period of rising interest rates, for example, could cause a decline in lower rated debt securities prices. This is because an economic downturn could lessen the ability of a highly leveraged company to make principal and interest payments on its debt securities. If the issuer of lower-rated debt securities defaults, the Fund may incur additional expenses to seek recovery.
Equity securities Equity securities represent a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; their value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through the receipt of dividends, which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stocks. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Exchange-traded funds The Fund may invest indirectly in equity securities through the purchase of exchange-traded funds (ETFs). ETFs are regulated as registered investment companies under the 1940 Act. ETFs are publicly traded trusts that acquire and hold shares of all of the companies, or a representative sampling of companies, that are components of a particular index. ETFs are intended to provide investment results that, before expenses, generally correspond to the price and yield performance of the corresponding market index, and the value of their shares should, under normal circumstances, closely track the value of the index's underlying component stocks. Because an ETF has operating expenses and transaction costs, while a market index does not, ETFs that track particular indices typically will be unable to match the performance of the index exactly. ETF shares may be purchased and sold in the secondary trading market on a securities exchange, in lots of any size, at any time during the trading day.
The shares of an ETF may be assembled in a block (typically 50,000 shares) known as a creation unit and redeemed in kind for a portfolio of the underlying securities (based on the ETF's net asset value) together with a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends as of the date of redemption. Conversely, a creation unit may be purchased from the ETF by depositing a specified portfolio of the ETF's underlying securities, as well as a cash payment generally equal to accumulated dividends of the securities (net of expenses) up to the time of deposit. Although the Fund, like most other investors in ETFs, intends to purchase and sell ETF shares primarily in the secondary trading market, the Fund may redeem creation units for the underlying securities (and any applicable cash), and may assemble a portfolio of the underlying securities and use it (and any required cash) to purchase creation units, if the manager believes it is in the Fund's best interest to do so.
An investment in an ETF is subject to all of the risks of investing in the securities held by the ETF. In addition, the market value of the ETF shares may differ from their net asset value because the supply and demand in the market for ETF shares at any point in time is not always identical to the supply and demand in the market for the underlying basket of securities. Because of the ability of large market participants to arbitrage price differences by purchasing or redeeming creation units, the difference between the market value and the net asset value of ETF shares should in most cases be small. Under certain circumstances, an ETF could be terminated. Should termination occur, the ETF might have to liquidate its portfolio securities at a time when the prices for those securities are falling.
Financial services companies The Fund may have investments in the financial services sector, which includes such issuers as commercial banks, thrift institutions, insurance companies and finance companies. As a result, general market and economic conditions as well as other risks specific to the financial services industry may impact the Fund’s investments and its performance. For example, changes in interest rates and the existence of extensive government regulation can have a negative effect on the profitability of financial services companies. In addition, the financial services industry is undergoing rapid change as existing distinctions between banking, insurance and brokerage businesses become blurred, companies continue to consolidate, new products and structures develop and its regulatory framework changes. These changes are likely to have a significant impact on companies in the financial services industry and the Fund’s investments in such companies, but it is not possible to predict whether the effect will be beneficial or adverse.
Foreign securities The Fund intends to invest in foreign securities traded in the U.S. or directly in foreign markets. Investors should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and governments of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
The value of foreign (and U.S.) securities is affected by general economic conditions and individual company and industry earnings prospects. While foreign securities may offer significant opportunities for gain, they also involve additional risks that can increase the potential for losses in the Fund. These risks can be significantly greater for investments in emerging markets. Investments in depositary receipts also involve some or all of the risks described below.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. From time to time, trading in a foreign market may be interrupted and the Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than the NYSE and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. The Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Certain countries' financial markets and services are less developed than those in the U.S. or other major economies. In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed companies than in the U.S. Commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. Settlement practices may be cumbersome and result in delays that may affect portfolio liquidity. The Fund may have greater difficulty voting proxies, exercising shareholder rights, pursuing legal remedies, and obtaining judgments with respect to foreign investments in foreign courts than with respect to domestic issuers in U.S. courts.
Certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company, or limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. Furthermore, in some countries the repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for repatriation.
Foreign currency. The Fund's management endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be internationally traded.
Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through the Fund's flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular nations where from time to time it places the investments of the Fund.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to buy securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed losses.
Depositary receipts Depositary receipts are certificates that give their holders the right to receive securities of (a) a foreign issuer deposited in a U.S. bank or trust company (American Depositary Receipts, "ADRs"); or (b) a foreign or U.S. issuer deposited in a foreign bank or trust company (Global Depositary Receipts, "GDRs," or European Depositary Receipts, "EDRs"). For purposes of the Fund's investment policies, the Fund's investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risk associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, the Fund will avoid currency and certain foreign market trading risks during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or on Nasdaq. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject. EDRs and GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted.
Depositary receipts may be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer, such as stock splits and rights offerings, in an unsponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs, and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Health technology companies The value of health technology companies may be affected by a variety of government actions. For example, the activities of some health technology companies may be funded or subsidized by federal and state governments. If government subsidies are discontinued, the profitability of these companies could be adversely affected. Stocks of these companies will be affected by government policies on health technology reimbursements, regulatory approval for new drugs and medical instruments, and similar matters. Health technology companies are also subject to legislative risk, which is the risk of a reform of the health technology system through legislation. Health technology companies may face lawsuits related to product liability issues. Also, many products and services provided by health technology companies are subject to rapid obsolescence. The value of an investment in the Fund may fluctuate significantly over relatively short periods of time.
Illiquid investments Illiquid securities are generally any security that cannot be sold within seven days in the normal course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued them.
Restricted securities Subject to the Fund’s percentage limitation on illiquid securities, the board has authorized the Fund to invest in restricted securities (such as those issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under the 1933 Act). To the extent the manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for these securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities. An example of these securities are restricted securities that may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (144A securities), and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. The board will review any determination by the manager to treat a restricted security as a liquid security on an ongoing basis, including the manager's assessment of current trading activity and the availability of reliable price information. Notwithstanding the manager's determination in this regard, the board will remain responsible for such determinations and will consider appropriate action, consistent with the Fund's goals and policies, if the security should become illiquid after purchase. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the manager and the board will take into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer). To the extent the Fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, the general level of illiquidity in the Fund may increase if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these securities or the market for these securities contracts.
Notwithstanding the restriction on the resale of restricted securities, a secondary market exists for many of these securities. As with other securities in the Fund's portfolio, if there are readily available market quotations for a restricted security, it will be valued, for purposes of determining the Fund's net asset value per share, within the range of the bid and ask prices. If no quotations are available, the security will be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted by the board. The Fund may receive commitment fees when it buys restricted securities. For example, the transaction may involve an individually negotiated purchase of short-term increasing rate notes. Maturities for this type of security typically range from one to five years. These notes are usually issued as temporary or "bridge" financing to be replaced ultimately with permanent financing for the project or transaction that the issuer seeks to finance. Typically, at the time of commitment, the Fund receives the security and sometimes a cash commitment fee. Because the transaction could possibly involve a delay between the time the Fund commits to buy the security and the Fund's payment for and receipt of that security, the Fund will segregate by appropriate notation on its books or its custodian bank's, cash or high-grade marketable securities with an aggregate value equal to the amount of its commitments until payment is made. The Fund will not buy restricted securities to generate commitment fees, although the receipt of fees will help the Fund achieve its investment goal.
144A securities. Subject to its liquidity limitation, the Fund may invest in certain unregistered securities which may be sold under Rule 144A. Due to changing market or other factors, 144A securities may be subject to a greater possibility of becoming illiquid than securities that have been registered with the SEC for sale. In addition, the Fund's purchase of 144A securities may increase the level of the security's illiquidity, as some institutional buyers may become uninterested in purchasing such securities after the Fund has purchased them.
Loans of portfolio securities To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers. For each loan, the borrower must maintain with the Fund’s custodian collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, or irrevocable letters of credit) with a value at least equal to 102% of the current market value of the loaned securities. The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
Where voting rights with respect to the loaned securities pass with the lending of the securities, the manager intends to call the loaned securities to vote proxies, or to use other practicable and legally enforceable means to obtain voting rights, when the manager has knowledge that, in its opinion, a material event affecting the loaned securities will occur or the manager otherwise believes it necessary to vote. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in collateral in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower. The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund's board of trustees, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan.
Loans to affiliated investment companies. Subject to the Fund's fundamental restrictions on lending, the Fund may also make loans to affiliated investment companies or other affiliated entities, pursuant to the Borrowing Order granted by the SEC in September 1999. See "Borrowing from affiliated investment companies" above for more information on the Borrowing Order. These lending transactions may include terms that are more favorable than those which would otherwise be available from lending institutions. The Fund may also, under certain conditions, lend cash to other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments at rates higher than those that the Fund would receive if the Fund loaned cash to banks through short-term lending transactions, such as repurchase agreements. The duration of interfund loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days. Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. The Fund may not lend to another fund through the credit facility if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the credit facility to exceed 5% of its net assets for equity funds or 7.5% of its net assets for taxable bond funds at the time of the loan. Also, the Fund's interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund's net assets.
Private investments Consistent with its investment goals and policies, the Fund may from time to time make private investments in companies whose securities are not publicly traded. These investments typically will take the form of letter stock or convertible preferred stock. Because these securities are not publicly traded, there is no secondary market for the securities. These securities will generally be deemed to be illiquid.
Late stage private placements are sales of securities made in non-public, unregistered transactions shortly before a company expects to go public. The Fund may make such investments in order to participate in companies whose initial public offerings are expected to be “hot” issues. There is no public market for shares sold in these private placements and it is possible that initial public offerings will never be completed. Moreover, even after an initial public offering, there may be a limited trading market for the securities or the Fund may be subject to contractual limitations on its ability to sell the shares.
Real estate securities Investments in real estate securities are subject to the risks associated with the real estate industry. Economic, regulatory and social factors that affect the value of real estate will affect the value of real estate securities. These factors include overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, variations in rental income, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, and increases in interest rates. Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) are subject to risks related to the skill of their management, changes in value of the properties the REITs own, the quality of any credit extended by the REITs, and general economic and other factors.
Repurchase agreements and reverse repurchase agreements The Fund generally will have a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents for a variety of reasons, including to satisfy redemption requests from shareholders, waiting for a suitable investment opportunity or taking a defensive position. To earn income on this portion of its assets, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer after a short period of time (generally, less than seven days) at a higher price. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount invested by the Fund in each repurchase agreement. The manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.
Reverse repurchase agreements are the opposite of repurchase agreements but involve similar mechanics and risks. The Fund sells securities to a bank or dealer and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered a borrowing under the federal securities laws, and therefore the Fund must have at least 300% asset coverage (total assets less liabilities, excluding the reverse repurchase agreement). Cash or liquid high-grade debt securities having an initial market value, including accrued interest, equal to at least 100% of the dollar amount sold by the Fund are segregated, i.e., set aside, as collateral and marked-to-market daily to maintain coverage of at least 100%. These transactions may increase the volatility of the Fund’s income or net asset value. The Fund carries the risk that any securities purchased with the proceeds of the transaction will depreciate or not generate enough income to cover the Fund’s obligations under the reverse repurchase transaction. These transactions also increase the interest and operating expenses of the Fund. Although reverse repurchase agreements are borrowings under the 1940 Act, the Fund does not treat these arrangements as borrowings under its investment restrictions, provided they are segregated on the books of the Fund or its custodian.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. A default by the purchaser might cause the Fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation costs. The Fund generally enters into reverse repurchase agreements with domestic or foreign banks or securities dealers. The manager will evaluate the creditworthiness of these entities prior to engaging in such transactions and it will conduct these activities under the general supervision of the board.
Securities industry related investments To the extent it is consistent with its investment goals and certain limitations under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest its assets in securities issued by companies engaged in securities related businesses, including companies that are securities brokers, dealers, underwriters or investment advisers. These companies are considered to be part of the financial services industry. Generally, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not acquire a security or any interest in a securities related business to the extent such acquisition would result in the Fund acquiring in excess of 5% of a class of an issuer’s outstanding equity securities or 10% of the outstanding principal amount of an issuer’s debt securities, or investing more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of the issuer. In addition, any equity security of a securities-related business must be a marginable security under Federal Reserve Board regulations and any debt security of a securities-related business must be investment grade as determined by the Board. The Fund does not believe that these limitations will impede the attainment of its investment goals.
Small and mid cap companies Market capitalization is defined as the total market value of a company’s outstanding stock. Small cap companies generally have market capitalization of up to $1.5 billion at the time of the Fund’s investment. The Small Cap Fund further defines small cap companies as companies with market capitalizations not exceeding the highest market capitalization in the Russell 2000 Index, whichever is greater, at the time of purchase. That index consists of 2,000 small companies that have publicly traded securities, and its largest company had a market capitalization of $2.2841 billion as of June 30, 2009
The Small-Mid Cap Fund defines small cap companies as companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell 2500™ Index, at the time of purchase, and mid cap companies are companies within the market capitalization range of companies in the Russell Midcap ® Index, at the time of purchase. As of June 30, 2008\9, the largest market capitalization for the Russell 2500™ Index was $4.244 billion and the largest market capitalization range for the Russell Mid-cap ® Index was $13.002 billion. Market capitalization is defined as share price multiplied by the number of common stock shares outstanding. In most instances, the manager intends to continue to hold an investment for further capital growth opportunities even if, through market appreciation, the company’s market capitalization exceeds the small or mid cap measures described above.
Small cap companies are often overlooked by investors or undervalued in relation to their earnings power. Because small cap companies generally are not as well known to the investing public and have less of an investor following than larger companies, they may provide greater opportunities for long-term capital growth as a result of inefficiencies in the marketplace. These companies may be undervalued because they are part of an industry that is out of favor with investors, although the individual companies may have high rates of earnings growth and be financially sound.
Mid cap companies may offer greater potential for capital appreciation than larger companies, because mid cap companies are often growing more rapidly than larger companies, but tend to be more stable and established than small cap or emerging companies.
Initial public offerings (IPOs) of securities issued by unseasoned companies with little or no operating history are risky and their prices are highly volatile, but they can result in very large gains in their initial trading. Attractive IPOs are often oversubscribed and may not be available to the Fund, or only in very limited quantities. Thus, when the Fund’s size is smaller, any gains from IPOs will have an exaggerated impact on the Fund’s reported performance than when the Fund is larger. Although IPO investments have had a positive impact on some Funds’ performance in the past, there can be no assurance that the Fund will have favorable IPO investment opportunities in the future.
Temporary investments When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economies of the countries where the Fund invests.
Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term U.S. government securities, money market fund shares, high-grade commercial paper, bank obligations, repurchase agreements and other money market instruments. To the extent allowed by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act and the Fund’s other investment policies and restrictions, the manager also may invest the Fund’s assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund's assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
Unseasoned companies To the extent that the Fund may invest in smaller capitalization companies or other companies, it may have significant investments in relatively new or unseasoned companies that are in their early stages of development, or in new and emerging industries where the opportunity for rapid growth is expected to be above average. Securities of unseasoned companies present greater risks than securities of larger, more established companies.
Policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the applicable U.S. registered fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is released 30 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would require the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund, that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or the Fund's fiduciary duties. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholder’s redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
In connection with the provision of portfolio holdings information to Lightning, Lightning may utilize such information to construct a "global hedge" to lessen its exposure to market fluctuations with respect to the fees it receives in connection with the financing of the Fund's Class B shares. The global hedge is not specific to the Fund but rather is constructed with respect to the aggregate portfolio of securities underlying all funds, including funds within Franklin Templeton Investments as well as funds in other investment company complexes for which Lightning provides Class B share financing. The global hedge can be comprised of a number of financial instruments, including futures contracts, swaps, index shares, exchange-traded funds and, in limited circumstances, individual stocks. In its confidentiality agreement with Franklin Templeton Investments, Lightning has agreed to keep confidential any portfolio holdings information it receives from the Fund and also has agreed not to purchase or sell or sell short any individual stocks held by the Fund based on such portfolio holdings information. If other funds for which Lightning provides financing have supplied Lightning with portfolio holdings information, and such holdings include individual stocks that are also included in the list of portfolio holdings supplied by the Fund, it is possible that the global hedge constructed by Lightning may include individual stock transactions based on such other funds' holdings of a particular stock, but not based on the Fund's holdings of that stock. Lightning does not seek to profit from the global hedge, does not invest in Fund shares, and has established precautionary measures so that its personnel may not use the Fund's portfolio information for the purpose of trading in Fund shares or for any other unauthorized trading. Although neither the Fund nor any Franklin Templeton entity receives compensation in connection with the provision of portfolio holdings information to Lightning, because Franklin Resources is an affiliate of Lightning, to the extent that Lightning's global hedge is successful, Franklin Resources may receive an indirect economic benefit from the global hedge and, consequently, from the release of portfolio holdings information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information within its organization, and prohibits the offshore adviser from purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information contained in the information received, trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund, or knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such Fund or its shareholders or trading in shares of any Fund.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration. Some of these funds invest in portfolios of securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. In those instances, release of holdings information regarding the private funds is subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy. In other cases, unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the private fund is permissible but is conditioned upon the client’s execution of a non-disclosure agreement whereby it agrees to limit its use of such information.
In addition, some F-T Managers serve as investment managers to various bank commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton Investments trust company, to various Canadian institutional pooled funds, to separate accounts, and as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. Such trusts, pooled funds, accounts and other funds (collectively, "other accounts") are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. However, in some instances the portfolio holdings of such other accounts may be similar to and, in certain cases, nearly identical to those of a Franklin Templeton mutual fund, including the Fund. In the case of bank commingled trusts, Canadian institutional pooled funds and representative or model separate account information, to mitigate risks that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a mutual fund, the recipient of such portfolio holdings information will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement similar to the one described above for offshore funds. With respect to the other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex, the sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board of trustees, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
The Trust has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Trust, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held Board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table reflects fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 27,926 | 517,760 | 41 |
Robert F. Carlson | 27,926 | 318,718 | 27 |
Sam Ginn | 27,926 | 300,303 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 29,573 | 514,000 | 41 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye | 29,844 | 321,000 | 27 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,926 | 493,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 27,926 | 486,765 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 33,450 | 387,060 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2008.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2008.
Independent Board Members
Name of Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Robert F. Carlson |
Flex Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
||
Sam Ginn | None | Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye |
Flex Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
||
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Fund |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. |
Flex Cap Fund
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
Over $100,000 |
||
Small-Mid Cap Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Robert F. Carlson, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by “Qualifying Fund Shareholders” (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Fund's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Fund. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an “interested person” of the Fund, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Fund if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Audit Committee met six times; the Nominating Committee met two times.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the manager.
The manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the manager’s instructions and/or policies. The manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics’ and/or Glass Lewis’ analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the manager’s clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the manager’s vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) “Other Business” without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer’s management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to an SEC exemptive order (“cash sweep arrangement”); or (3) when required pursuant to the Fund’s governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Fund’s shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of management’s position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company’s shares.
Manager’s proxy voting policies and principles The manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the company’s corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A company’s equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders’ long-term interests. The manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment “evergreen” feature. The manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the manager will generally oppose “golden parachutes” that are considered to be excessive. The manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors’ compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders’ interests. The manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights’ plans (“poison pills”) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of “greenmail.” The manager generally supports “fair price” provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as “Other Business” when the manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1500, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Fund’s proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Manager and services provided The Fund's manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees Prior to January 1, 2008, the Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund paid the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
Effective January 1, 2008, the Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The Focused Core Equity Fund pays the manager a fee for managing the Fund’s assets. The fee is equal to an annual rate of:
The Growth Opportunities Fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The Small Cap Fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is calculated daily and paid monthly according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Flex Cap Fund 1 | 10,396,304 | 13,020,395 | 12,623,797 |
Focused Core Equity Fund 2 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
Growth Opportunities Fund 3 | 1,255,622 | 1,349,639 | 1,104,222 |
Small Cap Fund 4 | 2,194,667 | 4,473,383 | 5,450,721 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund 5 | 17,341,750 | 29,560,759 | 32,521,987 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $10,656,319, $13,324,605 and $12,998,197, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Flex Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
2. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009 and for the period from December 13, 2007 (inception date), through April 30,2008, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $33,894 and $13,649, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to waive its fees and to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Focused Core Equity Fund paid no management fees.
3. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $1,285,350, $1,371,554 and $1,149,273, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Growth Opportunities Fund paid the management fees shown.
4. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $2,223,797, $4,509,850 and $5,483,164, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Small Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
5. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any reduction, totaled $17,876,864, $30,045,335 and $32,941,561, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Small- Mid Cap Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2009.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Grant Bowers | 1 | 0.3 | 1 | 435.6 | 0 | N/A |
Brad Carris | 1 | 58.2 | 2 | 43.9 | 9 | 414.7 |
Raymond Chan | 1 | 296.1 | 2 | 429.6 | 0 | N/A |
James Cross | 1 | 728.1 | 3 | 262.1 | 0 | N/A |
Conrad B. Herrmann 3 | 4 | 3,276.8 | 4 | 459.3 | 2 | 22.0 |
Edward B. Jamieson | 1 | 728.1 | 6 | 264.1 | 1 | 10.5 |
Steven Kornfeld | 2 | 978.0 | 3 | 34.1 | 0 | N/A |
Brent Loder | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A | 0 | N/A |
Michael McCarthy | 2 | 786.3 | 6 | 306.0 | 9 | 208.3 |
Matt Moberg | 2 | 805.8 | 1 | -0.3 | 0 | N/A |
1. These figures represent registered investment companies other than the Funds that are included in this SAI.
2. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
3. Of these accounts, Mr. Hermann managed an other investment vehicle with $16.5 million in assets with a performance fee.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio manager’s compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio manager’s base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio manager’s marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager’s level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager’s compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund’s shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the manager and/or other officers of the manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds, and options to purchase common shares of Resources stock. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by each portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Grant Bowers |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Brad Carris |
Small Cap Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Raymond Chan |
Flex Cap Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
|
James Cross |
Small-Mid CapGrowth Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
Conrad B. Herrmann |
Flex Cap Fund
$500,001 - $1,000,000 |
Growth Opportunities Fund
$50,001 - $100,000 |
|
Edward B. Jamieson |
Small-Mid Cap Fund
Over $1,000,000 |
Steven Kornfeld | None |
Brent Loder | None |
Michael McCarthy |
Small Cap Fund
$500,001 - $1,000,000 |
Matt Moberg |
Flex Cap Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with the manager to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Fund. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Fund's manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees The Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund pay FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of 0.20% of each Fund’s average daily net assets.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Focused Core Equity Fund 1 | 0 | 0 | N/A |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 514,157 | 548,621 | 459,709 |
Small Cap Fund | 820,861 | 1,788,954 | 2,241,583 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009 and for the period from December 13, 2007 (inception date), through April 30, 2008, administration fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $9,040 and $3,640, respectively. Under an agreement by FT Services to waive its fees, the Focused Core Equity Fund paid no administration fees.
For the Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund the manager pays FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
During the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Flex Cap Fund | 2,307,235 | 2,752,280 | 2,706,783 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 3,507,109 | 5,525,919 | 6,021,750 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
Because the Fund may, from time to time, invest in broker-dealers, it is possible that the Fund will own more than 5% of the voting securities of one or more broker-dealers through whom the Fund places portfolio brokerage transactions. In such circumstances, the broker-dealer would be considered an affiliated person of the Fund. To the extent the Fund places brokerage transactions through such a broker-dealer at a time when the broker-dealer is considered to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will be required to adhere to certain rules relating to the payment of commissions to an affiliated broker-dealer. These rules require the Fund to adhere to procedures adopted by the board to ensure that the commissions paid to such broker-dealers do not exceed what would otherwise be the usual and customary brokerage commissions for similar transactions.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage Commissions Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Flex Cap Fund | 1,675,258 | 1,717,348 | 3,633,369 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 9,729 | 4,229 1 | N/A |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 596,980 | 643,329 | 789,348 |
Small Cap Fund | 1,041,285 | 1,800,276 | 2,315,337 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 5,848,574 | 7,419,797 | 10,252,169 |
1. For the period from December 13, 2007 (inception date), through April 30, 2008.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, there was a decrease in reported brokerage commissions for Flex Cap Fund, as compared to the two previous years. This was primarily due to decreased portfolio turnover throughout the last fiscal year.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Fund paid brokerage commissions from aggregate portfolio transactions to brokers who provided research services as follows:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
Aggregate
Portfolio Transactions ($) |
|
Flex Cap Fund | 849,324 | 1,537,943,706 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 4,421 | 6,061,943 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 294,758 | 437,044,221 |
Small Cap Fund | 396,174 | 446,426,575 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 2,869,937 | 4,235,321,436 |
As of April 30, 2009, the Growth Opportunities Fund owned securities issued by Charles Schwab Corporation valued in the aggregate at $2,794,176 and the Small-Mid Cap Fund owned securities issued by T. Rowe Price Group, Inc. valued in aggregate at $32,360,652. Except as noted, the Funds did not own any securities issued by its regular broker- dealers as of the end of the fiscal year.
Because the Fund may, from time to time, invest in broker-dealers, it is possible that the Fund will own more than 5% of the voting securities of one or more broker-dealers through whom the Fund places portfolio brokerage transactions. In such circumstances, the broker-dealer would be considered an affiliated person of the Fund. To the extent the Fund places brokerage transactions through such a broker-dealer at a time when the broker-dealer is considered to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will be required to adhere to certain rules relating to the payment of commissions to an affiliated broker-dealer. These rules require the Fund to adhere to procedures adopted by the board to ensure that the commissions paid to such broker-dealers do not exceed what would otherwise be the usual and customary brokerage commissions for similar transactions.
Multiclass distributions
The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. A portion of the income dividends may also be designated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends that will not be subject to nonresident alien withholding for most non-U.S. investors. See the section on "Non-U.S. investors" for more information on interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2010, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2011 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its taxable income and realized capital gains for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends designated by the Fund, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. These designations will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to make its designations in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The board of trustees reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines this course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. In that case, the Fund would be subject to federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment company's income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Fund's fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat its realized capital loss (its "post-October loss") as occurring on the first day of its next fiscal year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the post-October loss and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Fund's reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
The automatic conversion of Class B shares into Class A shares in the same Fund will be tax-free for federal income tax reporting purposes. You should talk to your tax advisor regarding the state and local tax consequences of this or any other conversion of shares.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. (Class A only) In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Cost basis reporting.
Under recently enacted provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Fund’s administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton Funds is available online at
franklintempleton.com (under the Fund’s Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN /
(800) 342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, the Fund must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements. See the section below entitled "Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors."
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets for dividends paid from income earned by the Fund in 2008 through 2010).
Dividends earned on the following income sources will qualify for this treatment:
Dividends from corporations exempt from tax, passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), and dividends paid from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities generally will not qualify for this favorable tax treatment.
Both the Fund and you must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, you must hold your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of stock is not entitled to receive the dividend payment. When counting the number of days you held your Fund shares, include the day you sold your shares but not the day you acquired these shares.
While the income received in the form of a qualified dividend is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered as a long-term capital gain for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you will not be allowed to offset your long-term capital losses against qualified dividend income on your federal income tax return. Any qualified dividend income that you elect to be taxed at these reduced rates also cannot be used as investment income in determining your allowable investment interest expense. For other limitations on the amount of or use of qualified dividend income on your income tax return, please contact your personal tax advisor.
After the close of its fiscal year, the Fund will designate the portion of its ordinary dividend income that meets the definition of qualified dividend income taxable at reduced rates. If 95% or more of the Fund’s income is from qualified sources, it will be allowed to designate 100% of its ordinary income distributions as qualified dividend income. This designation rule may have the effect of converting small amounts of ordinary income or net short-term capital gains, that otherwise would be taxable as ordinary income, into qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced rates.
Sunsetting of provisions. The special provisions dealing with qualified dividend income, and the reduced rate of taxation of long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these provisions do sunset, the rules on taxation of capital gains that were in effect prior to the adoption of these rules, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2011 and later years.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Because the income of the Fund is derived at least in part from investments in domestic securities, it is anticipated that a portion or all of the dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for this deduction. You may be allowed to deduct these qualified dividends, thereby reducing the tax that you would otherwise be required to pay. All dividends (including the deducted portion) are included in your calculation of alternative minimum taxable income. If the portion of income qualifying for this deduction is quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not designate these dividends as qualifying for the corporate dividends-received deduction to the Fund’s corporate investors.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing and/or tax character (ordinary or capital) of gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income distributed to you. For example,
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in certain derivative contracts, including some or all of the following types of investments: options on securities and securities indices; financial and futures contracts; options on financial or futures contracts and stock index futures; foreign currency contracts, and forward and futures contracts on foreign currencies. If it makes any of these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts. Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses. In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts) and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.
Short sales. The Fund's entry into a short sale transaction or an option or other contract could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing it to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund's entry into securities lending transactions may cause the replacement income earned on the loaned securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified dividend income. This replacement income generally will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividend income, and, to the extent that debt securities are loaned, will generally not qualify as qualified interest income for foreign withholding tax purposes.
Tax straddles. If the Fund invests in any or all of the derivative contracts described in the paragraphs above, if it actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, or if it engages in spread, straddle or collar transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, including securities in a spread, collar, straddle or similar type of transaction, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax "straddle" or to hold a "successor position" that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Each of these investments by the Fund in complex securities is subject to special tax rules that could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income realized by the Fund and distributed to you.
Excess inclusion income of certain tax-exempt shareholders from an investment by the Fund in REITs and REMIC residual interests. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements (401(k)s) and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (UBTI). Under current law, the Fund serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder that is subject to UBTI could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if: (i) the Fund invests in a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) or in a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) that holds a REMIC residual interest (income that is attributable to these residual interests is referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion income”) or (ii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). In addition, if a REIT, that issues debt securities with more than one maturity, owns a “taxable mortgage pool” within the meaning of Code Section 7701(i) as a portion of the REIT’s assets, or as a REIT subsidiary, then a portion of the REIT’s income may be treated as if it were an excess inclusion from a REMIC. This income generally is required to be allocated by the Fund to you in proportion to the dividends paid to you with the same tax consequences as if you received the excess inclusion income directly. If you are a tax-exempt shareholder, this excess inclusion income may have a tax consequence to you as discussed below.
Under guidance recently issued by the IRS, the Fund will be taxed at the highest corporate income tax rate on its excess inclusion income that is allocable to the percentage of its shares held in record name by a “disqualified organization.” Disqualified organizations generally include certain cooperatives, governmental entities and tax-exempt organizations that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that Fund shares owned by a disqualified organization are held in record name by a broker-dealer or other nominee, the broker-dealer or other nominee would be liable for the corporate level tax on the portion of the Fund’s excess inclusion income allocable to Fund shares held by the broker-dealer or other nominee. The Fund expects that disqualified organizations will own their shares and will not themselves be pass-through entities. Because this tax is imposed at the Fund level, all shareholders, including shareholders that are not disqualified organizations, will bear a portion of the tax cost associated with the Fund’s receipt of excess inclusion income. However, to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and under Treasury Regulations, the Fund may, but is not required to, specially allocate this tax expense to the disqualified organizations to which it is attributable, so long as such an allocation will not constitute a preferential dividend to the Fund.
In addition, with respect to Fund shareholders who are not nominees, for Fund taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2007, the Fund must report excess inclusion income to shareholders in two cases:
Any excess inclusion income realized by the Fund and allocated to shareholders under these rules cannot be offset by net operating losses of the shareholders. If the shareholder is a tax-exempt entity and not a "disqualified organization," then this income is fully taxable as unrelated business taxable income under the Code. Charitable remainder trusts do not incur UBTI by receiving excess inclusion income from the Fund. If the shareholder is a non-U.S. person, such shareholder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a rate of 30% on this income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty. If the shareholder is a REIT, a regulated investment company, common trust fund or other pass-through entity, such shareholder's allocable share of the Fund's excess inclusion income would be considered excess inclusion income of such entity and such entity would be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax rate on any excess inclusion income allocated to their owners that are disqualified organizations. Accordingly, investors should be aware that a portion of the Fund's income may be considered excess inclusion income.
Compliance with these requirements will require the Fund to obtain significant cooperation from any REITs in which it invests. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive the information that it needs to implement these requirements and report any excess inclusion income to you on a timely basis. The Fund will use its best efforts to meet these requirements, and through the Investment Company Institute, will seek additional guidance from the IRS and the cooperation of REITs in providing excess inclusion income information on a timely basis.
Tax-exempt shareholders should talk to their tax advisors about the implications of these rules on their separate tax situations.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of appropriate forms to certify their foreign status and to claim any applicable treaty benefits to which they are entitled.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid out of income and gains earned by the Fund prior to the end of the Fund's fiscal year ending in 2010. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends designated by the Fund as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends designated and paid by the Fund from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is designated by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the designation is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors.
It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to designate, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not designate, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's designation of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by
intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has designated interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Fund’s Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN. If you are a shareholder of an
institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at
(800) DIAL BEN.
Other income dividends and effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate. If you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains will be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis, in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedent’s investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2010, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedent’s death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset at the end of the Fund’s fiscal year on December 31, 2009 (calendar year funds) or in 2010 (fiscal year funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2009. Unless these rules are extended or made permanent before the sunset provisions become effective, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. REITs. The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Fund's non-U.S. shareholders.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S. REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35%, and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
These rules apply to dividends with respect to the Fund’s taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, except that after this date, Fund distributions from a U.S. qualified REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Other Tax Information This discussion of “Distributions and Taxes” is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
Each Fund is a diversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (Trust), an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
The Flex Cap Growth Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund, Small Cap Growth Fund and Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund currently offer five classes of shares, Class A, Class B, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. The Focused Core Equity Fund currently offers four classes of shares, Class A, Class C, Class R and Advisor Class. New or additional investments into Class B are no longer permitted. Existing shareholders of Class B shares may continue as Class B shareholders, continue to reinvest dividends into Class B shares and exchange their Class B shares for Class B shares of other Franklin Templeton funds as permitted by the current exchange privileges. Each Fund may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class of the Fund is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 1, 2009, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Flex Cap Fund | ||
Wilimington Trust
FBO Burnet Realty P.O. Box 52129 Phoenix, AZ 85072-2129 |
R | 6.97 |
American United Life Insurance Company
Group Retirement Annuity Separate Accts. Administration P.O. Box 1995 Indianapolis, IN 46206-9102 |
R | 8.53 |
NFS LLC FEBO
Transamerica Life Insurance Co. 1150 South Olive Street Suite 2700 Los Angeles, CA 90015 |
R | 31.12 |
NFS LLC FEBO
Transamerica Life Insurance Co. 1150 South Olive Street Suite 2700 Los Angeles, CA 90015 |
R | 6.17 |
Moderate Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. 960 Park Place, 4th Floor San Mateo, CA 94403-1907 |
Advisor | 20.36 |
Growth Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 16.75 |
Franklin Templeton Perspectives Allocation Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. 500 E. Broward Blvd., 13th Floor Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091 |
Advisor | 26.16 |
Conservative Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator c/o Fund Accounting 960 Park Place 4th Floor San Mateo, CA 94403-1907 |
Advisor | 10.16 |
Age Newborn-8 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan c/o Fund Accounting Attn: Gregory Seward 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ste. 2100 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3029 |
Advisor | 15.25 |
Age 9-12 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan c/o Fund Accounting Attn: Gregory Seward 500 E. Broward Blvd., Ste. 2100 Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3029 |
Advisor | 6.29 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | ||
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Attn: Michael Corcoran One Franklin Parkway San Mateo, CA 94403-1906 |
A | 54.45 |
Barclays Capital, Inc.
70 Hudson Street, 7th Floor Jersey City, NJ 07302 |
A | 5.32 |
The Rollover IRA of Kevin J. Ashley
2673 Carolina Ave. Redwood City, CA 94061-3242 |
A | 13.82 |
Diane D. Chung Hammer
1018 Kenstin Dr. Clayton, CA 94517-1333 |
C | 6.87 |
NFS LLC FEBO
FBO Neal Curcio 540 Maryland Ave. Prospect Park, PA 19076 |
C | 7.51 |
NFS LLC FEBO
FBO Patricia George 487 Rollling Dr. West Chester, PA 19380 |
C | 13.39 |
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
Attn.: Michael Cocoran One Franklin Parkway San Mateo, CA 94403-1906 |
R | 88.59 |
Franklin Templeton Bank and Trust
FBO Rebecca S. Wagner 2631 Spring Valley Rd. Lancaster, PA 17601-1919 |
R | 6.47 |
Steven A. Kornfeld
1120 Drake Ave. Burlingame, CA 94010-4915 |
Advisor | 30.81 |
Magdy N. Anise, Soheir Anise and Magdy Anise, Jr.
31346 Golden Gate Dr. Wesley Chapel, FL 33545-8292 |
Advisor | 11.72 |
Norman Frisbie, Jr.
638 Woodstock Rd. Hillsborough, CA 94010-6875 |
Advisor | 7.19 |
Ginn Family Trust
Attn.: Samuel L. Ginn 400 S. El Camino Real, Ste. 1400 San Mateo, CA 94402-1740 |
Advisor | 25.75 |
LPL Financial
FBO Customer Accounts P.O. Box 509046 San Diego, CA 92150-9046 |
Advisor | 10.44 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | ||
State Street and Trust Co.
Cust. Various Symetra Retirement Plans 801 Pennsylvania Ave. Kansas City, MO 64105-1307 |
R | 14.07 |
PIMS Prudential Retirement
Lin Television Corporation One Richmond Square, Ste. 230E Providence, RI 02906 |
R | 11.83 |
Frontier Trust Company
FBO Various Retirement Plans P.O. Box 10758 Fargo, ND 58106 |
R | 7.92 |
Conservative Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. Attn.: Laura Fergerson 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 15.59 |
Moderate Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. Attn.: Laura Fergerson 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 33.83 |
Growth Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. Attn.: Laura Fergerson 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 26.83 |
Charles Schwab Company, Inc.
101 Montogomery St. San Francisco, CA 94104 |
Advisor | 15.53 |
Small Cap Fund | ||
Patterson Company FBO Allegiant
1525 West Wt. Harris Blvd. Charlotte, NC 28288-0001 |
A | 9.16 |
Dan P. Degroo, Darlene R. Degroot and Mark A. Degroot
4201 Champion Rd. Green Bay, WI 54311-9794 |
R | 6.72 |
Orchard Tust Company
FBO Hospital Help, Inc. Savings Plan and Trust c/o Fascore, LLC 8515 E. Orchard Rd., 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111-5002 |
R | 5.77 |
Nancy Wells Trust
Carolina Case Management and Rehabilitation 118 Wind Chime Ct. Raleigh, NC 27615-6433 |
R | 6.19 |
Reliance Trust Company Custodian
CMI EPTI LLC 401(k) P.O. Box 48449 Atlanta, GA 30362-1449 |
R | 7.60 |
Orchard Trust Company, LLC
GW Wade, Inc. 8515 E. Orchard Rd., 2T2 Greenwood Village, CO 80111 |
R | 5.35 |
Conservative Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. Attn.: Laura Fergerson 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 14.89 |
Moderate Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. 960 Park Place, 4th Floor San Mateo, CA 94403-1907 |
Advisor | 27.77 |
Growth Target Fund
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series c/o Fund Accounting Dept. Attn.: Laura Fergerson 3344 Quality Dr. Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 25.08 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | ||
NFS LLC FEBO FIIOC as agent for
Qualified Employee Benefit Plans 401K FINOPS IC FUNDS 100 Magellan Way KW1C Covington, KY 41015 |
A | 5.80 |
ING Insurance & Annuity Co.
Separate Account F 1 Orange Way B3N Windsor, CT 06095-4773 |
R | 6.56 |
AMFO and Company
Attn. Employee Benefits P.O. Box 419692 Kansas City, MO 64141-6692 |
R | 24.66 |
Age Newborn-8 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan c/o Fund Accounting Attn.: Gregory Seward 500 East Broward Blvd., 13th Floor Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33394-3007 |
Advisor | 16.96 |
Age 9-12 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan c/o Fund Accounting Attn.: Gregory Seward 500 East Broward Blvd., 13th Floor Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33394-3007 |
Advisor | 7.09 |
Age 13-16 Years
Franklin Templeton 529 College Savings Plan c/o Fund Accounting Attn.: Gregory Seward 500 East Broward Blvd., 13th Floor Fort Lauderdale, Florida 33394-3007 |
Advisor | 5.78 |
NFS LLC FEBO FIIOC as agent
for Qualified Employee Benefit Plans 401K FINOPS IC FUNDS 100 Magellan Way KW1C Covington, KY 41015 |
Advisor | 28.35 |
The Northern Trust Co. Trustee
Sony Corp. of America Savings & PSP P.O. Box 92994 Chicago, IL 60675-0001 |
Advisor | 10.83 |
Note: Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr., who are officers and/ or trustees of the Trust, may be considered beneficial holders of the Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund shares held by Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers). Franklin Advisers, Inc. is a California corporation and is wholly owned by Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources). As principal shareholders of Resources they may be able to control the voting of Advisers' shares of the Fund. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson,
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding.
As of August 3, 2009, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by certain asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. The Fund, based on monitoring of the trading activity of such Asset Allocator accounts, reserves the right to treat such Asset Allocators as market timers. In such circumstances, the Fund may restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators if, in the judgment of the Fund’s manager or transfer agent, such trading may interfere with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio, may materially increase the Fund’s transaction costs or taxes, or may otherwise be detrimental to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 5.75% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C, Class R and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Class C shares of Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund may be purchased without limit or CDSC by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under “Shareholder servicing and transfer agent” above.
As noted below, Distributors may make additional payments to dealers, including dealers not listed below, related to ticket charges and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisors and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers (including their respective affiliates) receiving marketing support payments as of March 31, 2009. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Associated Securities Corp., AXA Advisors, LLC, Banc of America Investment Services, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., Capital Brokerage Corporation, CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Commerce Brokerage Services, Inc., Compass Brokerage, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Edward Jones, Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Genworth Financial Securities Corp., Hornor, Townsend & Kent, Inc., IFC Holdings Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., John Hancock Distributors LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, Mutual Service Corporation, NatCity Investments, Inc., National Planning Corporation, PFS Investments, Inc., PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Investment Center, Inc., UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc., Wachovia Securities, LLC, Waterstone Financial Group, Inc., WaMu Investments, Inc., and Wells Fargo Investments, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A, B and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
For Class B shares, there is a CDSC if you sell your shares within six years, as described in the table below. The charge is based on the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
if you sell your Class B shares within
|
this % is deducted from
your proceeds as a CDSC |
1 Year | 4 |
2 Years | 4 |
3 Years | 3 |
4 Years | 3 |
5 Years | 2 |
6 Years | 1 |
7 Years | 0 |
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked “unable to forward” by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending prospectuses to existing shareholders.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Fund’s Class A, B, C and R shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2009 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 3,315,579 | 530,130 | 55,218 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | 10,067 | 1,765 | 84 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 473,098 | 72,197 | 14,869 |
Small Cap Fund | 221,312 | 35,750 | 3,974 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 1,107,226 | 170,304 | 21,174 |
2008 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 4,587,183 | 770,390 | 109,216 |
Focused Core Equity Fund 1 | 6,712 | 1,138 | 0 |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 725,703 | 111,630 | 49,577 |
Small Cap Fund | 106,066 | 12,860 | 23,752 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 2,141,851 | 344,818 | 52,813 |
2007 | |||
Flex Cap Fund | 5,156,565 | 847,300 | 191,891 |
Focused Core Equity Fund | N/A | N/A | N/A |
Growth Opportunities Fund | 375,018 | 55,519 | 28,869 |
Small Cap Fund | 213,086 | 18,165 | 95,751 |
Small-Mid Cap Fund | 2,289,015 | 355,497 | 98,619 |
1. For the period from December 13, 2007 (inception date), through April 30, 2008.
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A, B, C and R The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class. Because Class B is currently closed to new investors, the amounts paid by the Fund under its plan are primarily to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay third-party financing entities.
For the Flex Cap and Small-Mid Cap Funds, beginning at the time of purchase, Distributors may pay the full 12b-1 fee to qualified financial advisor firms for shares purchased by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
The Class A, B, C and R plans. The Flex Cap Fund and Small-Mid Cap Fund may pay up to 0.25% per year of Class A’s average daily net assets. The Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% per year of Class A’s average daily net assets. Of this amount, the Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which Distributors generally will retain 0.10% for distribution. Effective February 1, 2009, the board of trustees on behalf of Focused Core Equity Fund, Growth Opportunities Fund and Small Cap Fund, has set, until further notice, the Class A distribution and service fees paid by the Fund to Distributors at 0.30% per year of Class A's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees).
The Fund pays Distributors up to 1% per year of Class B and Class C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). For Class R shares, the Fund pays Distributors up to 0.50% per year of the class's average daily net assets. The Class B, C and R plans also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of Class B, C and R shares. Class B plan fees payable to Distributors are used by Distributors to pay for ongoing shareholder servicing and to pay third-party financing entities that have provided financing to Distributors in connection with advancing commissions to securities dealers. Resources owns a minority interest in one of the third-party financing entities.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class B, C and R plans are compensation plans. They allow the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plans.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the Class A plan were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 19,810 | 1,007 | 5,473 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 13,636 | 5,313 | 4,964 |
Payments to underwriters | 39,984 | 260 | 10,435 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 3,859,068 | 4,865 | 285,137 |
Other | — | 1,218 | — |
Total | 3,932,498 | 12,663 | 306,009 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 9,064 | 31,554 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 6,892 | 12,579 |
Payments to underwriters | 12,796 | 63,987 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 462,076 | 7,084,786 |
Other | 45,402 | — |
Total | 536,230 | 7,192,906 |
Under the Class B plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | — | — |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | — | — |
Payments to underwriters | — | — |
Payments to broker-dealers | 159,765 | 18,374 |
Other | 483,640 | 57,641 |
Total | 643,405 | 76,015 |
Small
Cap Fund |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund |
|
Advertising | — | — |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | — | — |
Payments to underwriters | — | — |
Payments to broker-dealers | 75,415 | 43,005 |
Other | 228,996 | 129,945 |
Total | 304,411 | 172,950 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Growth
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 7,790 | 14 | 1,548 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 5,865 | 87 | 1,409 |
Payments to underwriters | 12,795 | 24 | 2,242 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 2,864,633 | 776 | 314,125 |
Other | — | — | — |
Total | 2,891,083 | 901 | 319,324 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 1,421 | 10,950 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 1,117 | 4,567 |
Payments to underwriters | 414 | 7,420 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 520,355 | 3,598,480 |
Other | — | — |
Total | 523,307 | 3,621,417 |
Under the Class R plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
Flex Cap
Fund ($) |
Focused
Core Equity Fund ($) |
Grow
Opportunities Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 436 | 1 | 87 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 333 | 8 | 81 |
Payments to underwriters | 1,965 | — | 644 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 247,393 | 9 | 31,924 |
Other | — | 16 | — |
Total | 250,127 | 34 | 32,736 |
Small
Cap Fund ($) |
Small-Mid
Cap Fund ($) |
|
Advertising | 3 | 543 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 3 | 232 |
Payments to underwriters | 11 | 3,249 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 11,239 | 327,474 |
Other | — | — |
Total | 11,256 | 331,498 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plan because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plan for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services over 4 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has over $482 billion in assets under management for more than 6 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 109 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its Nasdaq symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
Short-Term Debt Ratings
Moody's
Moody's short-term debt ratings are opinions of the ability of issuers to honor short-term financial obligations. Ratings may be assigned to issuers, short-term programs and to individual short-term debt instruments. These obligations generally have an original maturity not exceeding 13 months, unless explicitly noted. Moody's employs the following designations to indicate the relative repayment capacity of rated issuers:
P-1 (Prime-1): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-2 (Prime-2): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
P-3 (Prime-3): Issuers (or supporting institutions) so rated have an acceptable ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
NP: Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
S&P ®
S&P's ratings are a current opinion of the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to a specific financial obligation, a specific class of financial obligations, or a specific financial program. Short-term ratings are generally assigned to those obligations considered short-term in the relevant market. In the U.S., for example, that means obligations with an original maturity of no more than 365 days -- including commercial paper. Short-term ratings are also used to indicate the creditworthiness of an obligor with respect to put features on long-term obligations. The result is a dual rating, in which the short-term rating addresses the put feature, in addition to the usual long-term rating.
A-1: This designation indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
A-2: Issues carrying this designation are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations carrying the higher designations. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitments on the obligation is satisfactory.
A-3: Issues carrying this designation exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: Issues carrying this designation are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
C: Issues carrying this designation are currently vulnerable to nonpayment and are dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
D: Issues carrying this designation are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the due date even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Franklin Strategic Series Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund - Class A & Advisor Franklin Natural Resources Fund - Class A, C & Advisor STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION September 1, 2009 |
P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151
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This Statement of Additional Information (SAI) is not a prospectus. It contains information in addition to the information in the Funds (hereafter "the Fund") prospectus. The Fund’s prospectus, dated September 1, 2009, which we may amend from time to time, contains the basic information you should know before investing in the Fund. You should read this SAI together with the Fund’s prospectus. The audited financial statements and Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm in the Fund’s Annual Report to Shareholders, for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, are incorporated by reference (are legally a part of this SAI).
For a free copy of the current prospectus or annual report, contact your investment representative or call (800) DIAL BEN/
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CONTENTS
FSS2 SAI 09/09 |
The information provided with respect to each Fund (hereafter "the Fund") is in addition to that included in the Fund's prospectus.
In addition to the main types of investments and strategies undertaken by the Fund as described in the prospectus, the Fund also may invest in other types of securities and engage in and pursue other investment strategies, which are described in this SAI. Investments and investment strategies mentioned with respect to the Fund are discussed in greater detail in the section entitled "Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks.”
Generally, the policies and restrictions discussed in this SAI and in the prospectus apply when the Fund makes an investment. In most cases, the Fund is not required to sell a security because circumstances change and the security no longer meets one or more of the Fund's policies or restrictions. If a percentage restriction or limitation is met at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in the percentage due to a change in the value or liquidity of portfolio securities will not be considered a violation of the restriction or limitation.
If a bankruptcy or other extraordinary event occurs concerning a particular security the Fund owns, the Fund may receive stock, real estate or other investments that the Fund would not, or could not, buy. If this happens, the Fund intends to sell such investments as soon as practicable while trying to maximize the return to shareholders.
The Fund has adopted certain investment restrictions as fundamental and non-fundamental policies. A fundamental policy may only be changed if the change is approved by (i) more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares or (ii) 67% or more of the Fund's shares present at a shareholder meeting if more than 50% of the Fund's outstanding shares are represented at the meeting in person or by proxy, whichever is less. A non-fundamental policy may be changed by the board of trustees without the approval of shareholders.
Fundamental Investment Policies
Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund (Biotechnology Fund)The Fund’s investment goal is to seek capital appreciation.
Franklin Natural Resources Fund (Natural Resources Fund)The Fund’s investment goal is to seek to provide high total return. Total return consists of both capital appreciation and current dividend and interest income.
The Fund may not:
1. Borrow money, except to the extent permitted by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (1940 Act), or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
2. Act as an underwriter except to the extent the Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter when disposing of securities it owns or when selling its own shares.
3. Make loans if, as a result, more than 33 1/3% of its total assets would be lent to other persons, including other investment companies to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC. This limitation does not apply to (i) the lending of portfolio securities, (ii) the purchase of debt securities, other debt instruments, loan participations and/or engaging in direct corporate loans in accordance with its investment goals and policies, and (iii) repurchase agreements to the extent the entry into a repurchase agreement is deemed to be a loan.
4. Purchase or sell real estate unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) purchasing or selling securities or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein, securities or instruments representing interests in real estate or securities or instruments of issuers that invest, deal or otherwise engage in transactions in real estate or interests therein, and (ii) making, purchasing or selling real estate mortgage loans.
5. Purchase or sell physical commodities, unless acquired as a result of ownership of securities or other instruments and provided that this restriction does not prevent the Fund from (i) engaging in transactions involving currencies and futures contracts and options thereon or (ii) investing in securities or other instruments that are secured by physical commodities.
6. Issue senior securities, except to the extent permitted by the 1940 Act or any rules, exemptions or interpretations thereunder that may be adopted, granted or issued by the SEC.
In addition, each Fund has a different fundamental investment restriction on industry concentration as follows:
The Biotechnology Fund may not invest more than 25% of its net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies), except that, under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its net assets in the securities issued by companies operating within the biotechnology industries. 1
1. Although not part of the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction, for illustration purposes, such companies currently include, but are not limited to, those involved in biotechnology research, development, and manufacture, the distribution of various biotechnological or biomedical products, services and processes and the application and development of biotechnology in areas such as health care, pharmaceuticals and agriculture.
The Natural Resources Fund may not invest more than 25% of its net assets in securities of issuers in any one industry (other than securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies), except that, under normal market conditions, the Fund will invest more than 25% of its net assets in the securities issued by domestic and foreign companies operating within the natural resources industries. 1
1. Although not part of the Fund’s fundamental investment restriction, for illustration purposes, such industries currently include, but are not limited to, integrated oil, oil and gas exploration and production, gold and other precious metals, steel and iron ore production, energy services and technology, base metal production, forest products, farming products, paper products, hemicals, building materials, coal, alternative energy sources and environmental services.
The Natural Resources Fund may not purchase the securities of any one issuer (other than the U.S. government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities or securities of other investment companies, whether registered or excluded from registration under Section 3(c) of the 1940 Act) if immediately after such investment (i) more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets would be invested in such issuer or (ii) more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of such issuer would be owned by the Fund, except that up to 25% of the value of the Fund’s total assets may be invested without regard to such 5% and 10% limitations.
Non-Fundamental Investment Policies
The Biotechnology Fund may not:
1. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate the Fund’s assets as security for loans, nor to engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by Advisers or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
The Natural Resources Fund may not:
1. Engage in joint or joint and several trading accounts in securities, except that it may: (i) participate in joint repurchase arrangements; (ii) invest in shares of one or more money market funds managed by Advisers or its affiliates, to the extent permitted by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act; or (iii) combine orders to buy or sell with orders from other persons to obtain lower brokerage commissions.
2. Invest in excess of 5% of its net assets, valued at the lower of cost or market, in warrants, nor more than 2% of its net assets in warrants not listed on either the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange.
Glossary of Investments, Techniques, Strategies and Their Risks
Certain words or phrases may be used in descriptions of Fund investment policies and strategies to give investors a general sense of the Fund's levels of investment. They are broadly identified with, but not limited to, the following percentages of Fund total assets:
"small portion" | less than 10% |
"portion" | 10% to 25% |
"significant" | 25% to 50% |
"substantial" | 50% to 66% |
"primary" | 66% to 80% |
"predominant" | 80% or more |
If the Fund intends to limit particular investments or strategies to no more than specific percentages of Fund assets, the prospectus or SAI will clearly identify such limitations. The percentages above are not limitations unless specifically stated as such in the Fund's prospectus or elsewhere in this SAI.
The Fund may invest in securities that are rated by various rating services such as Moody's Investors Service (Moody's) and Standard & Poor's (S&P ® ).
The value of your shares will increase as the value of the securities owned by the Fund increases and will decrease as the value of the Fund's investments decreases. In this way, you participate in any change in the value of the securities owned by the Fund. In addition to the factors that affect the value of any particular security that the Fund owns, the value of the Fund's shares may also change with movements in the stock and bond markets as a whole.
In trying to achieve its investment goal, the Fund may invest (unless otherwise indicated) in the following types of securities or engage in the following types of transactions. These securities and transactions, and their associated risks, are described below. The Fund's manager is under no obligation to invest in any or all of these securities or engage in any or all of these types of transactions.
Borrowing Under the 1940 Act and the SEC’s current rules, exemptions and interpretations thereunder, the Fund may borrow up to one-third of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed, but less all liabilities and indebtedness not represented by senior securities) from banks to increase its holdings of portfolio securities. Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to maintain continuous asset coverage of 300% with respect to such borrowings and to reduce the amount of its borrowings (within three days) to restore such coverage if it should decline to less than 300% due to market fluctuations or otherwise. In the event that the Fund is required to reduce its borrowings, it may have to sell portfolio holdings, even if such sale of the Fund’s holdings may be disadvantageous from an investment standpoint. Leveraging by means of borrowing may exaggerate the effect of any increase or decrease in the value of portfolio securities on the Fund’s net asset value, and money borrowed will be subject to interest and other costs (which may include commitment fees and/or the cost of maintaining minimum average balances), which may or may not exceed the income or gains received from the securities purchased with borrowed funds.
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund may also borrow for temporary purposes in an amount not exceeding 5% of the value of its total assets at the time when the loan is made. A loan shall be presumed to be for temporary purposes if it is repaid within 60 days and is not extended or renewed.
Borrowing from affiliated investment companies. Subject to the Fund’s fundamental restrictions on borrowing, the Fund may also borrow money from affiliated investment companies or other affiliated entities. In September 1999, the SEC granted an exemptive order to the Fund, together with other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments, permitting each fund to borrow money from other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments through a credit facility for temporary purposes (the Borrowing Order). The Borrowing Order permits the Fund to borrow money from other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments at rates that may be more favorable than the rates that the Fund would receive if it borrowed from banks or other lenders. The Borrowing Order also permits the Fund to borrow from other affiliated entities, such as the investment manager, under emergency market conditions should the SEC permit investment companies to engage in such borrowing in the future, such as it did in response to the emergency market conditions that existed immediately after the events of September 11, 2001.
The Borrowing Order permits the Fund to engage in borrowing and lending through the credit facilities in the following certain situations: (i) when the cash position of the Fund is insufficient to meet temporary cash requirements; or (ii) when a sale of securities "fails" due to circumstances such as a delay in the delivery of cash to the Fund's custodian or improper delivery instructions by the broker effecting the transaction.
According to the Borrowing Order, if the total outstanding borrowings of the Fund are less than 10% immediately after the borrowing, the amount borrowed may be unsecured. If the total outstanding borrowings of the Fund are more than 10% immediately after the borrowing, the amount borrowed must be secured on at least an equal priority basis with at least an equivalent percentage of collateral to loan value as any outstanding loan that requires collateral. If the Fund has outstanding interfund borrowings that, through additional borrowings, cause its outstanding borrowings from all sources to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund must first secure each outstanding interfund loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
If the Fund has outstanding interfund loans and its total outstanding borrowings exceed 10% of its total assets for any other reason (such as decline in net asset value or because of shareholder redemptions), the Fund will within one business day thereafter: (a) repay all of its outstanding interfund loans, (b) reduce its outstanding indebtedness to 10% or less of its total assets, or (c) secure each outstanding interfund loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan until the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, at which time the collateral shall no longer be required. Under these circumstances, until each outstanding interfund loan is repaid or the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund will mark the value of the collateral to market each day and will pledge such additional collateral as is necessary to maintain the market value of the collateral at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
If the Fund has outstanding interfund loans and its total outstanding borrowings exceed 10% of its total assets for any other reason (such as decline in net asset value or because of shareholder redemptions), the Fund will within one business day thereafter: (a) repay all of its outstanding interfund loan, (b) reduce its outstanding indebtedness to 10% or less of its total assets, or (c) secure each outstanding interfund loan by the pledge of segregated collateral with a market value at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan until the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, at which time the collateral shall no longer be required. Under these circumstances, until each outstanding interfund loan is repaid or the Fund's total outstanding borrowings cease to exceed 10% of its total assets, the Fund will mark the value of the collateral to market each day and will pledge such additional collateral as is necessary to maintain the market value of the collateral at least equal to 102% of the outstanding principal value of the loan.
The duration of interfund loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days. Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. The Fund's borrowings through the credit facility, as measured on the day the most recent loan was made, will not exceed the greater of 125% of the Fund's total net cash redemptions and 102% of sales fails for the preceding seven calendar days. The trustees of the Fund, including a majority of the independent trustees, will: (a) review no less frequently than quarterly the Fund's participation in the credit facility during the preceding quarter for compliance with the conditions with the Borrowing Order; (b) establish a bank loan rate formula used to determine the interest rate on interfund loans in accordance with the Borrowing Order and review no less frequently than annually the continuing appropriateness of the bank loan rate formula; and (c) review no less frequently than annually the continuing appropriateness of the Fund's participation in the credit facility.
Convertible securities A convertible security is generally a debt obligation or preferred stock that may be converted within a specified period of time into a certain amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer. A convertible security provides a fixed-income stream and the opportunity, through its conversion feature, to participate in the capital appreciation resulting from a market price advance in its underlying common stock. As with a straight fixed-income security, a convertible security tends to increase in market value when interest rates decline and decrease in value when interest rates rise. Like a common stock, the value of a convertible security also tends to increase as the market value of the underlying stock rises, and it tends to decrease as the market value of the underlying stock declines. Because both interest rate and market movements can influence its value, a convertible security is not as sensitive to interest rates as a similar fixed-income security, nor is it as sensitive to changes in share price as its underlying stock.
A convertible security is usually issued either by an operating company or by an investment bank. When issued by an operating company, a convertible security tends to be senior to common stock, but may be subordinate to other types of fixed-income securities issued by that company. A convertible security may be subject to redemption by the issuer, but only after a specified date and under circumstances established at the time the security is issued. When a convertible security issued by an operating company is “converted,” the operating company often issues new stock to the holder of the convertible security. However, if the convertible security is redeemable and the parity price of the convertible security is less than the call price, the operating company may pay out cash instead of common stock.
While the Fund uses the same criteria to rate a convertible debt security that it uses to rate a more conventional debt security, a convertible preferred stock is treated like a preferred stock for the Fund's financial reporting, credit rating and investment limitation purposes. A preferred stock is subordinated to all debt obligations in the event of insolvency, and an issuer's failure to make a dividend payment is generally not an event of default entitling the preferred shareholder to take action. A preferred stock generally has no maturity date, so that its market value is dependent on the issuer's business prospects for an indefinite period of time. In addition, distributions from preferred stock are dividends, rather than interest payments.
Future developments. The Fund may invest in other convertible securities or enhanced convertible securities that are not presently contemplated for use by the Fund or that are not currently available but that may be developed in the future, so long as the opportunities are consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.
Certain issuers of convertible securities may be deemed to be “investment companies” as defined in the 1940 Act. As a result, the Fund's investment in these securities may be limited by the restrictions contained in the 1940 Act.
Debt securities In general, debt securities represent a loan of money to the issuer by the purchaser of the securities. A debt security typically has a fixed payment schedule that obligates the issuer to pay interest to the lender and to return the lender's money over a certain time period. A company typically meets its payment obligations associated with its outstanding debt securities before it declares and pays any dividend to holders of its equity securities. Bonds, notes and commercial paper differ in the length of the issuer's payment schedule, with bonds carrying the longest repayment schedule and commercial paper the shortest.
The market value of debt securities generally varies in response to changes in interest rates and the financial condition of each issuer.
Debt securities risks. Debt securities are subject to the risk of an issuer's inability to meet principal and interest payments on the obligations (credit risk) and may also be subject to price volatility due to factors such as interest rate sensitivity, market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer, and general market liquidity (market risk). The manager considers both credit risk and market risk in making investment decisions as to corporate debt obligations. Debt obligations will tend to decrease in value when prevailing interest rates rise and increase in value when prevailing interest rates fall. Generally, long-term debt obligations are more sensitive to interest rate fluctuations than short-term obligations. Because investments in debt obligations are interest rate sensitive, the Fund's performance may be affected by the manager's ability to anticipate and respond to fluctuations in market interest rates, to the extent of the Fund's investment in debt obligations.
Ratings. Various investment services publish ratings of some of the debt securities in which the Fund may invest. Investment grade debt securities are rated in the top four ratings categories by independent rating organizations such as S&P or Moody’s. Higher yields are ordinarily available from securities in the lower rating categories, such as securities rated Ba or lower by Moody’s or BB or lower by S&P or from unrated securities deemed by the Fund’s manager to be of comparable quality. Such high-yield securities are considered to be below “investment grade” and are sometimes referred to as “junk bonds.” These ratings represent the opinions of the rating services with respect to the issuer’s ability to pay interest and repay principal. They do not purport to reflect the risk of fluctuations in market value and are not absolute standards of quality. Please see “Description of Ratings” for a discussion of the ratings.
If the rating on an issue held in the Fund's portfolio is changed by the rating service or the security goes into default, this event will be considered by the Fund in its evaluation of the overall investment merits of that security but will not generally result in an automatic sale of the security.
Limits on debt investments. The Funds have different limits on their ability to invest in debt.
The Biotechnology Fund may, subject to its policy of investing 80% of its net assets in securities of biotechnology companies and discovery research firms, invest up to 35% of its assets in debt securities of foreign or U.S. issuers. The Fund intends to invest less than 5% of its assets in debt securities rated below investment grade.
The Natural Resources Fund may invest in U.S. and foreign equity and debt securities. The Fund will only buy commercial paper rated A-1 or A-2 by S&P or Prime-1 or Prime-2 by Moody’s, or unrated commercial paper that is determined to be of comparable quality.
Equity securities Equity securities represent a proportionate share of the ownership of a company; their value is based on the success of the company's business and the value of its assets, as well as general market conditions. The purchaser of an equity security typically receives an ownership interest in the company as well as certain voting rights. The owner of an equity security may participate in a company's success through the receipt of dividends, which are distributions of earnings by the company to its owners. Equity security owners may also participate in a company's success or lack of success through increases or decreases in the value of the company's shares as traded in the public trading market for such shares. Equity securities generally take the form of common stock or preferred stock, as well as securities convertible into common stocks. Preferred stockholders typically receive greater dividends but may receive less appreciation than common stockholders and may have different voting rights as well. Equity securities may also include convertible securities, warrants, or rights. Warrants or rights give the holder the right to buy a common stock at a given time for a specified price.
Foreign securities The Fund has different limits on their ability to invest in foreign securities. The Fund may invest in securities that are traded on U.S. or foreign securities exchanges, the Nasdaq Stock Market, or in the U.S. or foreign over-the-counter markets.
The Biotechnology Fund anticipates that under normal conditions, it invests more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country, although the Fund may have more than 50% of its total assets in foreign securities. The Fund may buy securities of issuers in developing nations, but it has no present intention of doing so.
The Natural Resources Fund expects to invest more of its assets in U.S. securities than in securities of any other single country, but the Fund may invest more than 50% of its total assets in foreign securities.
Investors should consider carefully the substantial risks involved in securities of companies and governments of foreign nations, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments.
There may be less publicly available information about foreign companies comparable to the reports and ratings published about companies in the U.S. Foreign companies generally are not subject to uniform accounting or financial reporting standards, and auditing practices and requirements may not be comparable to those applicable to U.S. companies. From time to time, trading in a foreign market may be interrupted and the Fund, therefore, may encounter difficulty in obtaining market quotations for purposes of valuing its portfolio and calculating its net asset value. Foreign markets have substantially less volume than the NYSE and securities of some foreign companies are less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable U.S. companies. Commission rates in foreign countries, which generally are fixed rather than subject to negotiation as in the U.S., are likely to be higher. In many foreign countries there is less government supervision and regulation of stock exchanges, brokers and listed companies than in the U.S.
Certain countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons, or limit the amount of investment by foreign persons in a particular company, or limit the investment of foreign persons to only a specific class of securities of a company that may have less advantageous terms than securities of the company available for purchase by nationals. Furthermore, in some countries the repatriation of investment income, capital and proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval. The Fund could be adversely affected by delays in or a refusal to grant any required governmental registration or approval for repatriation.
Currency. The Fund's management endeavors to buy and sell foreign currencies on as favorable a basis as practicable. Some price spread on currency exchange (to cover service charges) may be incurred, particularly when the Fund changes investments from one country to another or when proceeds of the sale of shares in U.S. dollars are used for the purchase of securities in foreign countries. Also, some countries may adopt policies that would prevent the Fund from transferring cash out of the country or withhold portions of interest and dividends at the source. There is the possibility of cessation of trading on national exchanges, expropriation, nationalization or confiscatory taxation, withholding and other foreign taxes on income or other amounts, foreign exchange controls (which may include suspension of the ability to transfer currency from a given country), default in foreign government securities, political or social instability, or diplomatic developments which could affect investments in securities of issuers in foreign nations.
The Fund may be affected either unfavorably or favorably by fluctuations in the relative rates of exchange between the currencies of different nations, by exchange control regulations and by indigenous economic and political developments. Some countries in which the Fund may invest may also have fixed or managed currencies that are not free-floating against the U.S. dollar. Further, certain currencies may not be internationally traded.
Any devaluations in the currencies in which the Fund's portfolio securities are denominated may have a detrimental impact on the Fund. Through the Fund's flexible policy, management endeavors to avoid unfavorable consequences and to take advantage of favorable developments in particular nations where from time to time it places the investments of the Fund.
The exercise of this flexible policy may include decisions to buy securities with substantial risk characteristics and other decisions such as changing the emphasis on investments from one nation to another and from one type of security to another. Some of these decisions may later prove profitable and others may not. No assurance can be given that profits, if any, will exceed losses.
Emerging/developing markets. Emerging market countries are (i) countries that are generally considered developing by the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (commonly known as the World Bank) and the International Finance Corporation; or (ii) countries that are classified by the United Nations or otherwise regarded by their authorities as developing; or (iii) countries with a stock market capitalization of less than 3% of the Morgan Stanley Capital International World Index. Emerging market companies are (i) companies whose principal securities trading markets are in emerging market countries; or (ii) companies that derive 50% or more of their total revenue or profit from either goods or services produced or sales made in emerging market countries; or (iii) companies that have 50% or more of their assets in emerging market countries; or (iv) companies that are linked to currencies of emerging market countries; or (v) companies that are organized under the laws of, or with principal offices in, emerging market countries.
Investments in companies domiciled in emerging market countries may be subject to potentially higher risks than investments in developed countries. These risks include (i) less social, political and economic stability; (ii) the small current size of the markets for such securities and the currently low or nonexistent volume of trading, which result in a lack of liquidity and in greater price volatility; (iii) certain national policies which may restrict the Fund's investment opportunities, including restrictions on investment in issuers or industries deemed sensitive to national interests; (iv) foreign taxation; (v) the absence of developed legal structures governing private or foreign investment or allowing for judicial redress for injury to private property; (vi) the absence, until recently in many developing countries, of a capital market structure or market-oriented economy; and (vii) the possibility that recent favorable economic developments in some developing countries may be slowed or reversed by unanticipated political or social events in such countries.
In addition, many of the countries in which the Fund may invest have experienced substantial, and during some periods, extremely high rates of inflation, for many years. Inflation and rapid fluctuations in inflation rates have had, and may continue to have, negative effects on the economies and securities markets of certain countries. Moreover, the economies of some developing countries may differ unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross domestic product, rate of inflation, currency depreciation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Investments in emerging market countries may involve risks of nationalization, expropriation and confiscatory taxation. For example, the Communist governments of a number of Eastern European countries expropriated large amounts of private property in the past, in many cases without adequate compensation, and there can be no assurance that such expropriation will not occur in the future. In the event of expropriation, the Fund could lose a substantial portion of any investments it has made in the affected countries. Further, no accounting standards exist in certain developing countries. Finally, even though the currencies of some developing countries may be convertible into U.S. dollars, the conversion rates may be artificial to the actual market values and may be adverse to the Fund's shareholders.
Depositary receipts Depositary receipts are certificates that give their holders the right to receive securities of (a) a foreign issuer deposited in a U.S. bank or trust company (American Depositary Receipts, "ADRs"); or (b) a foreign or U.S. issuer deposited in a foreign bank or trust company (Global Depositary Receipts, "GDRs," or European Depositary Receipts, "EDRs"). For purposes of the Fund's investment policies, the Fund's investments in depositary receipts will be deemed to be investments in the underlying securities.
Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the U.S. on exchanges or over-the-counter. While ADRs do not eliminate all the risk associated with foreign investments, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, the Fund will avoid currency and certain foreign market trading risks during the settlement period for either purchases or sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the U.S. for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or on Nasdaq. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards of the U.S. market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject. EDRs and GDRs may not necessarily be denominated in the same currency as the underlying securities into which they may be converted.
Depositary receipts may be issued under sponsored or unsponsored programs. In sponsored programs, an issuer has made arrangements to have its securities traded in the form of depositary receipts. In unsponsored programs, the issuer may not be directly involved in the creation of the program. Although regulatory requirements with respect to sponsored and unsponsored programs are generally similar, in some cases it may be easier to obtain financial information from an issuer that has participated in the creation of a sponsored program. There may be an increased possibility of untimely responses to certain corporate actions of the issuer, such as stock splits and rights offerings, in an unsponsored program. Accordingly, there may be less information available regarding issuers of securities underlying unsponsored programs, and there may not be a correlation between this information and the market value of the depositary receipts.
Government securities Securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its agencies or instrumentalities, including U.S. Treasury bills, notes and bonds, as well as certain agency securities and mortgage-backed securities issued by the Government National Mortgage Association (GNMA), may carry guarantees which are backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. The guarantee extends only to the payment of interest and principal due on the securities and does not provide any protection from fluctuations in either the securities’ yield or value or to the yield or value of the Fund’s shares. Other investments in agency securities are not necessarily backed by the “full faith and credit” of the U.S. government. These include securities issued by the Federal National Mortgage Association (FNMA), the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation, the Student Loan Marketing Association and the Farm Credit Bank.
The Natural Resources Fund may invest in debt securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments. These securities are typically denominated in foreign currencies and are subject to the currency fluctuation and other risks of foreign securities investments. The foreign government securities in which the Fund intends to invest generally will include obligations issued by national, state, or local governments or similar political subdivisions. Foreign government securities also include debt obligations of supranational entities, including international organizations designed or supported by governmental entities to promote economic reconstruction or development and international banking institutions and related government agencies. Examples include the International Bank of Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the European Investment Bank, the Asian Development Bank and the Inter-American Development Bank.
Foreign government securities also include debt securities of “quasi-governmental agencies” and debt securities denominated in multinational currency units. An example of a multinational currency unit is the European Currency Unit. A European Currency Unit represents specified amounts of the currencies of certain of the 12-member states of the European Economic Community. Debt securities of quasi-governmental agencies are issued by entities owned by either a national or local government or are obligations of a political unit that is not backed by the national government’s full faith and credit and general taxing powers. Foreign government securities also include mortgage-related securities issued or guaranteed by national or local governmental instrumentalities, including quasi-governmental agencies.
Illiquid investments The Fund’s current policy is not to invest more than 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities are generally securities that cannot be sold within seven days in the normal course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued them.
Restricted securities Subject to the Fund’s percentage limitation on illiquid securities, the board has authorized the Fund to invest in restricted securities (such as those issued pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements under the 1933 Act). To the extent the manager determines there is a liquid institutional or other market for these securities, the Fund considers them to be liquid securities. An example of these securities are restricted securities that may be freely transferred among qualified institutional buyers under Rule 144A under the 1933 Act (144A securities), and for which a liquid institutional market has developed. The board will review any determination by the manager to treat a restricted security as a liquid security on an ongoing basis, including the manager's assessment of current trading activity and the availability of reliable price information. Notwithstanding the manager's determination in this regard, the board will remain responsible for such determinations and will consider appropriate action, consistent with the Fund's goals and policies, if the security should become illiquid after purchase. In determining whether a restricted security is properly considered a liquid security, the manager and the board will take into account the following factors: (i) the frequency of trades and quotes for the security; (ii) the number of dealers willing to buy or sell the security and the number of other potential buyers; (iii) dealer undertakings to make a market in the security; and (iv) the nature of the security and the nature of the marketplace trades (e.g., the time needed to dispose of the security, the method of soliciting offers, and the mechanics of transfer). To the extent the Fund invests in restricted securities that are deemed liquid, the general level of illiquidity in the Fund may increase if qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in buying these securities or the market for these securities contracts.
Notwithstanding the restriction on the resale of restricted securities, a secondary market exists for many of these securities. As with other securities in the Fund's portfolio, if there are readily available market quotations for a restricted security, it will be valued, for purposes of determining the Fund's net asset value per share, within the range of the bid and ask prices. If no quotations are available, the security will be valued at fair value in accordance with procedures adopted by the board. The Fund may receive commitment fees when it buys restricted securities. For example, the transaction may involve an individually negotiated purchase of short-term increasing rate notes. Maturities for this type of security typically range from one to five years. These notes are usually issued as temporary or "bridge" financing to be replaced ultimately with permanent financing for the project or transaction that the issuer seeks to finance. Typically, at the time of commitment, the Fund receives the security and sometimes a cash commitment fee. Because the transaction could possibly involve a delay between the time the Fund commits to buy the security and the Fund's payment for and receipt of that security, the Fund will segregate by appropriate notation on its books or its custodian bank's, cash or high-grade marketable securities with an aggregate value equal to the amount of its commitments until payment is made. The Fund will not buy restricted securities to generate commitment fees, although the receipt of fees will help the Fund achieve its investment goal.
144A securities. Subject to its liquidity limitation, the Fund may invest in certain unregistered securities which may be sold under Rule 144A. Due to changing market or other factors, 144A securities may be subject to a greater possibility of becoming illiquid than securities that have been registered with the SEC for sale. In addition, the Fund's purchase of 144A securities may increase the level of the security's illiquidity, as some institutional buyers may become uninterested in purchasing such securities after the Fund has purchased them.
Loans of portfolio securities To generate additional income, the Fund may lend certain of its portfolio securities to qualified banks and broker-dealers. These loans may not exceed 33% of the value of the Natural Resources Fund’s total assets, or one third of the value of the Biotechnology Fund’s total assets, measured at the time of the most recent loan. For each loan, the borrower must maintain with the Fund’s custodian collateral (consisting of any combination of cash, securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities, or irrevocable letters of credit) with a value at least equal to the current market value of the loaned securities. The Fund retains all or a portion of the interest received on investment of the cash collateral or receives a fee from the borrower. The Fund also continues to receive any distributions paid on the loaned securities. The Fund may terminate a loan at any time and obtain the return of the securities loaned within the normal settlement period for the security involved.
Where voting rights with respect to the loaned securities pass with the lending of the securities, the manager intends to call the loaned securities to vote proxies, or to use other practicable and legally enforceable means to obtain voting rights, when the manager has knowledge that, in its opinion, a material event affecting the loaned securities will occur or the manager otherwise believes it necessary to vote. As with other extensions of credit, there are risks of delay in recovery or even loss of rights in collateral in the event of default or insolvency of the borrower. The Fund will loan its securities only to parties who meet creditworthiness standards approved by the Fund’s board of trustees, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the loan. For Natural Resources Fund the duration of any securities loaned by the Fund is limited to 30 days.
Loans to affiliated investment companies. Subject to the Fund's fundamental restrictions on lending, the Fund may also make loans to affiliated investment companies or other affiliated entities, pursuant to the Borrowing Order granted by the SEC in September 1999. See "Borrowing from affiliated investment companies" above for more information on the Borrowing Order. These lending transactions may include terms that are more favorable than those which would otherwise be available from lending institutions. The Fund may also, under certain conditions, lend cash to other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments at rates higher than those that the Fund would receive if the Fund loaned cash to banks through short-term lending transactions, such as repurchase agreements. The duration of interfund loans will be limited to the time required to receive payment for securities sold, but in no event more than seven days. Loans effected within seven days of each other will be treated as separate loan transactions for purposes of this condition. The Fund may not lend to another fund through the credit facility if the loan would cause its aggregate outstanding loans through the credit facility to exceed 5% of its net assets for equity funds or 7.5% of its net assets for taxable bond funds at the time of the loan. Also, the Fund's interfund loans to any one fund shall not exceed 5% of the lending fund's net assets.
Private investments Consistent with its investment goals and policies, the Fund may from time to time make private investments in companies whose securities are not publicly traded. These investments typically will take the form of letter stock or convertible preferred stock. Because these securities are not publicly traded, there is no secondary market for the securities. These securities will generally be deemed to be illiquid.
Real estate investment trusts (REITs) The Natural Resources Fund may invest up to 10% of its assets in real estate investment trusts (REITs). REITs are subject to risks related to the skill of their management, changes in value of the properties the REITs own, the quality of any credit extended by the REITs, and general economic and other factors. An investment in REITs includes the possibility of a decline in the value of real estate, risks related to general and local economic conditions, overbuilding and increased competition, increases in property taxes and operating expenses, changes in zoning laws, casualty or condemnation losses, variations in rental income, changes in neighborhood values, the appeal of properties to tenants, and increases in interest rates. The value of securities of companies that service the real estate industry will also be affected by these risks.
In addition, equity REITs are affected by changes in the value of the underlying property owned by the trusts, while mortgage REITs are affected by the quality of the properties to which they have extended credit. Equity and mortgage REITs are dependent upon the REITs management skill. REITs may not be diversified and are subject to the risks of financing projects.
Repurchase agreements The Fund generally will have a portion of its assets in cash or cash equivalents for a variety of reasons, including to satisfy redemption requests from shareholders, waiting for a suitable investment opportunity or taking a defensive position. To earn income on this portion of its assets, the Fund may enter into repurchase agreements. Under a repurchase agreement, the Fund agrees to buy securities guaranteed as to payment of principal and interest by the U.S. government or its agencies from a qualified bank or broker-dealer and then to sell the securities back to the bank or broker-dealer after a short period of time (generally, less than seven days) at a higher price. The bank or broker-dealer must transfer to the Fund's custodian securities with an initial market value of at least 102% of the dollar amount invested by the Fund in each repurchase agreement. The manager will monitor the value of such securities daily to determine that the value equals or exceeds the repurchase price.
Repurchase agreements may involve risks in the event of default or insolvency of the bank or broker-dealer, including possible delays or restrictions upon the Fund's ability to sell the underlying securities. The Fund will enter into repurchase agreements only with parties who meet certain creditworthiness standards, i.e., banks or broker-dealers that the manager has determined present no serious risk of becoming involved in bankruptcy proceedings within the time frame contemplated by the repurchase transaction.
Reverse repurchase agreements are the opposite of repurchase agreements but involve similar mechanics and risks. The Fund sells securities to a bank or dealer and agrees to repurchase them at a mutually agreed price, date and interest payment. Reverse repurchase agreements may be considered a borrowing under the federal securities laws, and therefore the Fund must have at least 300% asset coverage (total assets less liabilities, excluding the reverse repurchase agreement). Cash or liquid high-grade debt securities having an initial market value, including accrued interest, equal to at least 100% of the dollar amount sold by the Fund are segregated, i.e., set aside, as collateral and marked-to-market daily to maintain coverage of at least 100%. These transactions may increase the volatility of the Fund’s income or net asset value. The Fund carries the risk that any securities purchased with the proceeds of the transaction will depreciate or not generate enough income to cover the Fund’s obligations under the reverse repurchase transaction. These transactions also increase the interest and operating expenses of the Fund. Although reverse repurchase agreements are borrowings under the 1940 Act, the Fund does not treat these arrangements as borrowings under its investment restrictions, provided they are segregated on the books of the Fund or its custodian.
Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities retained by the Fund may decline below the price of the securities the Fund has sold but is obligated to repurchase under the agreement. A default by the purchaser might cause the Fund to experience a loss or delay in the liquidation costs. The Fund generally enters into reverse repurchase agreements with domestic or foreign banks or securities dealers. The manager will evaluate the creditworthiness of these entities prior to engaging in such transactions and it will conduct these activities under the general supervision of the board.
Securities industry related investments To the extent it is consistent with its investment goals and certain limitations under the 1940 Act, the Fund may invest its assets in securities issued by companies engaged in securities related businesses, including companies that are securities brokers, dealers, underwriters or investment advisers. These companies are considered to be part of the financial services industry. Generally, under the 1940 Act, the Fund may not acquire a security or any interest in a securities related business to the extent such acquisition would result in the Fund acquiring in excess of 5% of a class of an issuer’s outstanding equity securities or 10% of the outstanding principal amount of an issuer’s debt securities, or investing more than 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets in securities of the issuer. In addition, any equity security of a securities-related business must be a marginable security under Federal Reserve Board regulations and any debt security of a securities-related business must be investment grade as determined by the Board. The Fund does not believe that these limitations will impede the attainment of its investment goals.
Short Sales In a short sale, the Fund sells a security it does not own in anticipation of a decline in the market value of that security. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the security to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the security borrowed by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at this time may be more or less than the price at which the security was sold by the Fund. Until the security is replaced, the Fund must pay the lender any dividends or interest that accrues during the period of the loan. To borrow the security, the Fund also may be required to pay a premium, which would increase the cost of the security sold. The proceeds of the short sale will be retained by the broker, to the extent necessary to meet margin requirements, until the short position is closed out. In buying the security to replace the borrowed security, the Fund expects to acquire the security in the market for less than the amount it earned in the short sale, thereby yielding a profit.
The Fund will incur a loss as a result of the short sale if the price of the security increases between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security, and the Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between those same dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium, dividends or interest the Fund is required to pay in connection with the short sale.
The Fund will segregate assets by appropriate notation on its books or the books of its custodian an amount equal to the difference between (a) the market value of the securities sold short at the time they were sold short and (b) any cash or securities required to be deposited as collateral with the broker in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale). The segregated amount will be marked-to-market daily (that is, recalculated at that day’s prices) and at no time will the sum of the amount segregated and the amount deposited with the broker as collateral be less than the market value of the securities at the time they sold short.
The manager has adopted short sale procedures to prevent the short sale of a security by the Fund where another client of the manager also holds that security. The procedures prohibit the execution of short sales by the Fund when there are open buy or sell orders or current long portfolio holdings in the same security or economic equivalent (e.g., a bond convertible into common stock) on the same trading desk on which the manager places trades or in the portfolios of other accounts managed by the manager. In addition, the procedures prohibit the execution of purchases and sales when there are open short sale orders in the same security on the same trading desk on which the manager places trades.
Short sales “against the box” are transactions in which the Fund sells a security short but it also owns an equal amount of the securities sold short or owns securities that are convertible or exchangeable, without payment of further consideration, into an equal amount of such security.
Standby commitment agreements The Natural Resources Fund may, from time to time, enter into standby commitment agreements. These agreements commit the Fund, for a stated period of time, to buy a stated amount of a security that may be issued and sold to the Fund at the option of the issuer. The price and coupon of the security is fixed at the time of the commitment. When the Fund enters into the agreement, the Fund is paid a commitment fee, regardless of whether the security is ultimately issued, typically equal to approximately 0.5% of the aggregate purchase price of the security that the Fund has committed to buy. The Funds will enter into such agreements only for the purpose of investing in the security underlying the commitment at a yield and/or price that is considered advantageous.
The Fund will not enter into a standby commitment with a remaining term in excess of 45 days and will limit their investment in standby commitments so that the aggregate purchase price of the securities subject to the commitments with remaining terms exceeding seven days, together with the value of other portfolio securities deemed illiquid, will not exceed the Fund’s limit on holding illiquid investments, taken at the time of acquisition of such commitment or security. The Fund will at all times segregate on its books cash, cash equivalents, U.S. government securities, or other liquid securities denominated in U.S. dollars or non-U.S. currencies in an aggregate amount equal to the purchase price of the securities underlying the commitment.
There can be no assurance that the securities subject to a standby commitment will be issued, and the value of the security, if issued, on the delivery date may be more or less than its purchase price. Since the issuance of the security underlying the commitment is at the option of the issuer, the Fund may bear the risk of a decline in the value of the security and may not benefit from an appreciation in the value of the security during the commitment period.
The purchase of a security subject to a standby commitment agreement and the related commitment fee will be recorded on the date on which the security can reasonably be expected to be issued, and the value of the security will thereafter be reflected in the calculation of the Fund’s net asset value. The cost basis of the security will be adjusted by the amount of the commitment fee. In the event the security is not issued, the commitment fee will be recorded as income on the expiration date of the standby commitment.
Temporary investments When the manager believes market or economic conditions are unfavorable for investors, the manager may invest up to 100% of the Fund's assets in a temporary defensive manner by holding all or a substantial portion of its assets in cash, cash equivalents or other high quality short-term investments. Unfavorable market or economic conditions may include excessive volatility or a prolonged general decline in the securities markets, the securities in which the Fund normally invests, or the economies of the countries where the Fund invests.
Temporary defensive investments generally may include short-term debt instruments, including U.S. government securities, high grade commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other money market equivalents. To the extent allowed by exemptions granted under the 1940 Act and the Fund's other investment policies and restrictions, the manager also may invest the Fund's assets in shares of one or more money market funds managed by the manager or its affiliates. The manager also may invest in these types of securities or hold cash while looking for suitable investment opportunities or to maintain liquidity. When the Fund’s assets are invested in temporary investments, the Fund may not be able to achieve its investment goal.
When-issued and delayed-delivery transactions When-issued or delayed delivery transactions the Natural Resources Fund may buy securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis. These transactions are arrangements under which the Fund buys securities with payment and delivery scheduled for a future time. The securities are subject to market fluctuation prior to delivery to the Fund and generally do not earn interest until their scheduled delivery date. Therefore, the value or yields at delivery may be more or less than the purchase price or the yields available when the transaction was entered into. Although the Funds will generally buy these securities on a when-issued basis with the intention of acquiring the securities, they may sell the securities before the settlement date if it is deemed advisable. When the Fund is the buyer, segregate on its books, cash or liquid securities having an aggregate value equal to the amount of its purchase commitments until payment is made. In such an arrangement, the Fund relies on the seller to complete the transaction. The seller’s failure to do so may cause the Fund to miss a price or yield considered advantageous. The Fund is not subject to any percentage limit on the amount of their assets that may be invested in when-issued purchase obligations. To the extent the Fund engages in when-issued and delayed delivery transactions, it will do so only for the purpose of acquiring portfolio securities consistent with its investment objective and policies, and not for the purpose of investment leverage.
Policies and procedures regarding the release of portfolio holdings The Fund's overall policy with respect to the release of portfolio holdings is to release such information consistent with applicable legal requirements and the fiduciary duties owed to shareholders. Subject to the limited exceptions described below, the Fund will not make available to anyone non-public information with respect to its portfolio holdings, until such time as the information is made available to all shareholders or the general public.
For purposes of this policy, portfolio holdings information does not include aggregate, composite or descriptive information that does not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the applicable U.S. registered fund. Information excluded from the definition of portfolio holdings information generally includes, without limitation: (1) descriptions of allocations among asset classes, regions, countries or industries/sectors; (2) aggregated data such as average or median ratios, market capitalization, credit quality or duration; (3) performance attributions by industry, sector or country; or (4) aggregated risk statistics. Such information, if made available to anyone, will be made available to any person upon request, but, because such information is generally not material to investors, it may or may not be posted on the Fund's website. In addition, other information may also be deemed to not be portfolio holdings information if, in the reasonable belief of the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer (or his/her designee), the release of such information would not present risks of dilution, arbitrage, market timing, insider trading or other inappropriate trading for the Fund.
Consistent with current law, the Fund releases complete portfolio holdings information each fiscal quarter through regulatory filings with no more than a 60-day lag.
In addition, a complete list of the Fund's portfolio holdings is released 30 calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter. Other descriptive information, such as the Fund's top 10 holdings, may be released monthly, no sooner than five days after the end of each month. Released portfolio holdings information can be viewed on franklintempleton.com.
To the extent that this policy would require the release of portfolio holdings information regarding a particular portfolio holding for the Fund, that is the subject of ongoing purchase or sale orders/programs, or if the release of such portfolio holdings information would otherwise be sensitive or inappropriate, the portfolio manager for the Fund may request that the release of such information be withheld.
Exceptions to the portfolio holdings release policy will be made only when: (1) the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public; (2) the recipient is subject to a duty of confidentiality pursuant to a signed non-disclosure agreement; and (3) the release of such information would not otherwise violate the antifraud provisions of the federal securities laws or the Fund's fiduciary duties. The determination of whether to grant an exception, which includes the determination of whether the Fund has a legitimate business purpose for releasing portfolio holdings information in advance of release to all shareholders or the general public shall be made by the Fund's Chief Compliance Officer or his/her designee, following a request submitted in writing.
The eligible third parties to whom portfolio holdings information may be released in advance of general release fall into the following categories: data consolidators (including rating agencies), fund rating/ranking services and other data providers, service providers to the Fund, and municipal securities brokers using the Investor Tools product which brings together buyers and sellers of municipal securities in the normal operation of the municipal securities markets. In addition, should the Fund process a shareholder’s redemption request in-kind, the Fund may, under certain circumstances, provide portfolio holdings information to such shareholder to the extent necessary to allow the shareholder to prepare for receipt of such portfolio securities.
The specific entities to whom the Fund may provide portfolio holdings in advance of their release to the general public are:
In all cases, eligible third parties are required to execute a non-disclosure agreement. Non-disclosure agreements include the following provisions:
In no case does the Fund receive any compensation in connection with the arrangements to release portfolio holdings information to any of the above-described recipients of the information.
Several investment managers within Franklin Templeton Investments (F-T Managers) serve as investment managers to offshore funds that are registered or otherwise authorized for sale with foreign regulatory authorities. The release of portfolio holdings information for such offshore funds is excluded from the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy if such information is given to offshore banks, broker-dealers, insurance companies, registered investment managers and other financial institutions (offshore investment managers) with discretionary authority to select offshore funds on behalf of their clients. Because such offshore funds may from time to time invest in securities substantially similar to those of the Fund, there is the risk that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against the Fund. To mitigate such risks, such information may only be disclosed for portfolio analytics, such as risk analysis/asset allocation, and the offshore investment manager will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement, whereby such offshore investment manager agrees to maintain such information as confidential, including limiting the dissemination of such information within its organization, and prohibits the offshore adviser from purchasing or selling any portfolio securities based on any information contained in the information received, trading against any U.S. registered Franklin or Templeton fund, including the Fund, or knowingly engaging in any trading practices that are adverse to any such Fund or its shareholders or trading in shares of any Fund.
Certain F-T Managers serve as investment advisers to privately placed funds that are exempt from registration. Some of these funds invest in portfolios of securities that, in the aggregate, are substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. In those instances, release of holdings information regarding the private funds is subject to the restrictions imposed by the policy. In other cases, unregistered private funds may have portfolio holdings that are not, in the aggregate, substantially similar to the holdings of a U.S. registered Fund. Under such circumstances the release of portfolio holdings information to a client or potential client of the private fund is permissible but is conditioned upon the client’s execution of a non-disclosure agreement whereby it agrees to limit its use of such information.
In addition, some F-T Managers serve as investment managers to various bank commingled trusts maintained by a Franklin Templeton Investments trust company, to various Canadian institutional pooled funds, to separate accounts, and as sub-advisers to other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. Such trusts, pooled funds, accounts and other funds (collectively, "other accounts") are not subject to the Fund's portfolio holdings release policy. However, in some instances the portfolio holdings of such other accounts may be similar to and, in certain cases, nearly identical to those of a Franklin Templeton mutual fund, including the Fund. In the case of bank commingled trusts, Canadian institutional pooled funds and representative or model separate account information, to mitigate risks that such portfolio holdings information may be used to trade inappropriately against a mutual fund, the recipient of such portfolio holdings information will be required to execute a non-disclosure agreement similar to the one described above for offshore funds. With respect to the other mutual funds not within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex, the sponsors of such funds may disclose the portfolio holdings of such funds at different times than the Fund discloses its portfolio holdings.
The Fund's portfolio holdings release policy and all subsequent amendments have been reviewed and approved by the Fund's board of trustees, and any other material amendments shall also be reviewed and approved by the board. The investment manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policy and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policy and any material changes recommended as a result of such review. The investment manager's compliance staff also will supply the board yearly with a list of exceptions granted to the policy, along with an explanation of the legitimate business purpose of the Fund that is served as a result of the exception.
The Trust has a board of trustees. Each trustee will serve until that person resigns and/or a successor is elected and qualified. The board is responsible for the overall management of the Trust, including general supervision and review of the Fund's investment activities. The board, in turn, elects the officers of the Trust who are responsible for administering the Fund's day-to-day operations. The board also monitors the Fund to ensure that no material conflicts exist among share classes. While none are expected, the board will act appropriately to resolve any material conflict that may arise.
The name, year of birth and address of the officers and board members, as well as their affiliations, positions held with the Trust, principal occupations during the past five years and number of portfolios overseen in the Franklin Templeton fund complex are shown below.
1. We base the number of portfolios on each separate series of the U.S. registered investment companies within the Franklin Templeton Investments fund complex. These portfolios have a common investment manager or affiliated investment managers.
2. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are considered to be interested persons of the Fund under the federal securities laws due to their positions as officers and directors and major shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc., which is the parent company of the Fund's investment manager and distributor.
The Trust's independent board members constitute the sole independent board members of 27 investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Investments complex for which each independent board member currently is paid a $232,000 annual retainer fee, together with a $7,000 per meeting fee for attendance at regularly scheduled board meetings, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. To the extent held, compensation may also be paid for attendance at specially held Board meetings. The Trust's lead independent trustee is paid an annual supplemental retainer of $25,000 for services to such investment companies, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Board members who serve on the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receive a flat fee of $3,000 per Committee meeting attended in person and $2,000 per telephonic meeting, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. John B. Wilson, who serves as chairman of the Audit Committee of the Trust and such other funds receives an additional fee of $40,000 per year, a portion of which is allocated to the Trust. Members of the Committee are not separately compensated for any committee meeting held on the day of a regularly scheduled board meeting. The following table reflects fees paid to independent board members by the Trust and by other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.
Name |
Total Fees
Received from the Trust ($) 1 |
Total Fees
Received from Franklin Templeton Investments ($) 2 |
Number
of Boards in Franklin Templeton Investments on which Each Serves 3 |
Harris J. Ashton | 27,926 | 517,760 | 41 |
Robert F. Carlson | 27,926 | 318,718 | 27 |
Sam Ginn | 27,926 | 300,303 | 27 |
Edith E. Holiday | 29,573 | 514,000 | 41 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye | 29,844 | 321,000 | 27 |
Frank A. Olson | 27,926 | 493,000 | 41 |
Larry D. Thompson | 27,926 | 486,765 | 43 |
John B. Wilson | 33,450 | 387,060 | 27 |
1. For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009.
2. For the calendar year ended December 31, 2008.
3. We base the number of boards on the number of U.S. registered investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. This number does not include the total number of series or portfolios within each investment company for which the board members are responsible.
Independent board members are reimbursed for expenses incurred in connection with attending board meetings and are paid pro rata by each fund in Franklin Templeton Investments for which they serve as director or trustee. No officer or board member received any other compensation, including pension or retirement benefits, directly or indirectly from the Trust or other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments. Certain officers or board members who are shareholders of Franklin Resources, Inc. (Resources) may be deemed to receive indirect remuneration by virtue of their participation, if any, in the fees paid to its subsidiaries.
Board members historically have followed a policy of having substantial investments in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds, as is consistent with their individual financial goals. In February 1998, this policy was formalized through the adoption of a requirement that each board member invest one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Templeton fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Templeton funds and one-third of fees received for serving as a director or trustee of a Franklin fund (excluding committee fees) in shares of one or more Franklin funds until the value of such investments equals or exceeds five times the annual retainer and regular board meeting fees paid to such board member. Investments in the name of family members or entities controlled by a board member constitute fund holdings of such board member for purposes of this policy, and a three-year phase-in period applies to such investment requirements for newly elected board members. In implementing such policy, a board member's fund holdings existing on February 27, 1998, are valued as of such date with subsequent investments valued at cost.
The following tables provide the dollar range of equity securities beneficially owned by the board members of the Fund on December 31, 2008.
Independent Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Funds |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Harris J. Ashton | None | Over $100,000 |
Robert F. Carlson | None | Over $100,000 |
Sam Ginn | None | Over $100,000 |
Edith E. Holiday |
Biotechnology Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Frank W.T. LaHaye |
Natural Resources Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Frank A. Olson | None | Over $100,000 |
Larry D. Thompson | None | Over $100,000 |
John B. Wilson |
Natural Resources Fund
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Interested Board Members
Name of
Board Member |
Dollar Range of
Equity Securities in the Funds |
Aggregate
Dollar Range of Equity Securities in All Funds Overseen by the Board Member in the Franklin Templeton Fund Complex |
Charles B. Johnson | None | Over $100,000 |
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. |
Biotechnology Fund
Over $100,000 |
Over $100,000 |
Board committees The board maintains two standing committees: the Audit Committee and the Nominating Committee. The Audit Committee is generally responsible for recommending the selection of the Trust's independent registered public accounting firm (auditors), including evaluating their independence and meeting with such auditors to consider and review matters relating to the Trust's financial reports and internal controls. The Audit Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye and John B. Wilson. The Nominating Committee is comprised of the following independent trustees of the Trust: Harris J. Ashton, Robert F. Carlson, Sam Ginn, Edith E. Holiday, Frank W.T. LaHaye, Frank A. Olson, Larry D. Thompson and John B. Wilson.
The Nominating Committee is responsible for selecting candidates to serve as board members and recommending such candidates (a) for selection and nomination as independent board members by the incumbent independent board member and the full board; and (b) for selection and nomination as interested board members by the full board.
When the board has or expects to have a vacancy, the Nominating Committee receives and reviews information on individuals qualified to be recommended to the full board as nominees for election as board members, including any recommendations by “Qualifying Fund Shareholders” (as defined below). To date, the Nominating Committee has been able to identify, and expects to continue to be able to identify, from its own resources an ample number of qualified candidates. The Nominating Committee, however, will review recommendations from Qualifying Fund Shareholders to fill vacancies on the board if these recommendations are submitted in writing and addressed to the Nominating Committee at the Trust's offices at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151 and are presented with appropriate background material concerning the candidate that demonstrates his or her ability to serve as a board member, including as an independent board member, of the Trust. A Qualifying Fund Shareholder is a shareholder who (i) has continuously owned of record, or beneficially through a financial intermediary, shares of the Fund having a net asset value of not less than two hundred and fifty thousand dollars ($250,000) during the 24-month period prior to submitting the recommendation; and (ii) provides a written notice to the Nominating Committee containing the following information: (a) the name and address of the Qualifying Fund Shareholder making the recommendation; (b) the number of shares of the Fund which are owned of record and beneficially by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and the length of time that such shares have been so owned by the Qualifying Fund Shareholder; (c) a description of all arrangements and understandings between such Qualifying Fund Shareholder and any other person or persons (naming such person or persons) pursuant to which the recommendation is being made; (d) the name, age, date of birth, business address and residence address of the person or persons being recommended; (e) such other information regarding each person recommended by such Qualifying Fund Shareholder as would be required to be included in a proxy statement filed pursuant to the proxy rules of the SEC had the nominee been nominated by the board; (f) whether the shareholder making the recommendation believes the person recommended would or would not be an “interested person” of the Trust, as defined in the 1940 Act; and (g) the written consent of each person recommended to serve as a board member of the Trust if so nominated and elected/appointed.
The Nominating Committee may amend these procedures from time to time, including the procedures relating to the evaluation of nominees and the process for submitting recommendations to the Nominating Committee.
During the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Audit Committee met six times; the Nominating Committee met two times.
The Fund's board of trustees has delegated to the manager the task of ensuring that regulatory guidelines governing the fair valuation for securities are applied to the Fund and that the required level of liquidity is maintained. The manager has formed a Valuation & Liquidity Oversight Committee (VLOC) to oversee these obligations. The VLOC oversees and administers the policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities. The VLOC meets monthly to review and approve fair value and liquidity reports and conduct other business, and meets whenever necessary to review potential significant market events and take appropriate steps to adjust valuations in accordance with established policies. The VLOC provides regular reports that document its activities to the board of trustees for its review and approval of pricing determinations at scheduled meetings. VLOC meeting minutes are regularly submitted to the board of trustees for their review.
The Fund's policies and procedures governing fair valuation and liquidity determination of securities have been initially reviewed and approved by the board of trustees and any material amendments will also be reviewed and approved by the board. The manager's compliance staff conducts periodic reviews of compliance with the policies and provides at least annually a report to the board of trustees regarding the operation of the policies and any material changes recommended as a result of such review.
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
The board of trustees of the Fund has delegated the authority to vote proxies related to the portfolio securities held by the Fund to the Fund's manager Franklin Advisers, Inc. in accordance with the Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (Policies) adopted by the manager.
The manager has delegated its administrative duties with respect to the voting of proxies to the Proxy Group within Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC (Proxy Group), an affiliate and wholly owned subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc. All proxies received by the Proxy Group will be voted based upon the manager’s instructions and/or policies. The manager votes proxies solely in the interests of the Fund and its shareholders.
To assist it in analyzing proxies, the manager subscribes to RiskMetrics Group (RiskMetrics), an unaffiliated third-party corporate governance research service that provides in-depth analyses of shareholder meeting agendas, vote recommendations, recordkeeping and vote disclosure services. In addition, the manager subscribes to Glass, Lewis & Co., LLC (Glass Lewis), an unaffiliated third-party analytical research firm, to receive analyses and vote recommendations on the shareholder meetings of publicly held U.S. companies. Although RiskMetrics’ and/or Glass Lewis’ analyses are thoroughly reviewed and considered in making a final voting decision, the manager does not consider recommendations from RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or any other third party to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of policy, the officers, directors/trustees and employees of the manager and the Proxy Group will not be influenced by outside sources whose interests conflict with the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Efforts are made to resolve all conflicts in the interests of the manager’s clients. Material conflicts of interest are identified by the Proxy Group based upon analyses of client, distributor, broker-dealer and vendor lists, information periodically gathered from directors and officers, and information derived from other sources, including public filings. In situations where a material conflict of interest is identified, the Proxy Group may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund with the manager's recommendation regarding the vote for approval. If the conflict is not resolved by the Fund, the Proxy Group may refer the matter, along with the recommended course of action by the manager, if any, to an interdepartmental Proxy Review Committee (which may include portfolio managers and/or research analysts employed by the manager), for evaluation and voting instructions. The Proxy Review Committee may defer to the voting recommendation of RiskMetrics, Glass Lewis or those of another independent third-party provider of proxy services; or send the proxy directly to the Fund. Where the Proxy Group or the Proxy Review Committee refers a matter to the Fund, it may rely upon the instructions of a representative of the Fund, such as the board or a committee of the board.
Where a material conflict of interest has been identified, but the items on which the manager’s vote recommendations differ from Glass Lewis, RiskMetrics, or another independent third-party provider of proxy services relate specifically to (1) shareholder proposals regarding social or environmental issues or political contributions, (2) “Other Business” without describing the matters that might be considered, or (3) items the manager wishes to vote in opposition to the recommendations of an issuer’s management, the Proxy Group may defer to the vote recommendations of the manager rather than sending the proxy directly to the Fund for approval.
To avoid certain potential conflicts of interest, the manager will employ echo voting, if possible, in the following instances: (1) when the Fund invests in an underlying fund in reliance on any one of Sections 12(d) (1) (E), (F), or (G) of the 1940 Act, or pursuant to an SEC exemptive order; (2) when the Fund invests uninvested cash in affiliated money market funds pursuant to an SEC exemptive order (“cash sweep arrangement”); or (3) when required pursuant to the Fund’s governing documents or applicable law. Echo voting means that the investment manager will vote the shares in the same proportion as the vote of all of the other holders of the Fund’s shares.
The recommendation of management on any issue is a factor that the manager considers in determining how proxies should be voted. However, the manager does not consider recommendations from management to be determinative of the manager’s ultimate decision. As a matter of practice, the votes with respect to most issues are cast in accordance with the position of the company's management. Each issue, however, is considered on its own merits, and the manager will not support the position of the company's management in any situation where it deems that the ratification of management’s position would adversely affect the investment merits of owning that company’s shares.
Manager’s proxy voting policies and principles The manager has adopted general proxy voting guidelines, which are summarized below. These guidelines are not an exhaustive list of all the issues that may arise and the manager cannot anticipate all future situations. In all cases, each proxy will be considered based on the relevant facts and circumstances.
Board of directors. The manager supports an independent board of directors, and prefers that key committees such as audit, nominating, and compensation committees be comprised of independent directors. The manager will generally vote against management efforts to classify a board and will generally support proposals to declassify the board of directors. The manager will consider withholding votes from directors who have attended less than 75% of meetings without a valid reason. While generally in favor of separating Chairman and CEO positions, the manager will review this issue as well as proposals to restore or provide for cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis, taking into consideration factors such as the company’s corporate governance guidelines or provisions and performance.
Ratification of auditors of portfolio companies. The manager will closely scrutinize the role and performance of auditors. On a case-by-case basis, the manager will examine proposals relating to non-audit relationships and non-audit fees. The manager will also consider, on a case-by-case basis, proposals to rotate auditors, and will vote against the ratification of auditors when there is clear and compelling evidence of accounting irregularities or negligence.
Management and director compensation. A company’s equity-based compensation plan should be in alignment with the shareholders’ long-term interests. The manager believes that executive compensation should be directly linked to the performance of the company. The manager evaluates plans on a case-by-case basis by considering several factors to determine whether the plan is fair and reasonable, including the RiskMetrics quantitative model utilized to assess such plans and/or the Glass Lewis evaluation of the plans. The manager will generally oppose plans that have the potential to be excessively dilutive, and will almost always oppose plans that are structured to allow the repricing of underwater options, or plans that have an automatic share replenishment “evergreen” feature. The manager will generally support employee stock option plans in which the purchase price is at least 85% of fair market value, and when potential dilution is 10% or less.
Severance compensation arrangements will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis, although the manager will generally oppose “golden parachutes” that are considered to be excessive. The manager will normally support proposals that require a percentage of directors’ compensation to be in the form of common stock, as it aligns their interests with those of shareholders.
Anti-takeover mechanisms and related issues. The manager generally opposes anti-takeover measures since they tend to reduce shareholder rights. However, as with all proxy issues, the manager conducts an independent review of each anti-takeover proposal. On occasion, the manager may vote with management when the research analyst has concluded that the proposal is not onerous and would not harm the Fund or its shareholders’ interests. The manager generally supports proposals that require shareholder rights’ plans (“poison pills”) to be subject to a shareholder vote and will closely evaluate such plans on a case-by-case basis to determine whether or not they warrant support. In addition, the manager will generally vote against any proposal to issue stock that has unequal or subordinate voting rights. The manager generally opposes any supermajority voting requirements as well as the payment of “greenmail.” The manager generally supports “fair price” provisions and confidential voting.
Changes to capital structure. The manager realizes that a company's financing decisions have a significant impact on its shareholders, particularly when they involve the issuance of additional shares of common or preferred stock or the assumption of additional debt. The manager will review, on a case-by-case basis, proposals by companies to increase authorized shares and the purpose for the increase. The manager will generally not vote in favor of dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares where that class of stock would have superior voting rights. The manager will generally vote in favor of the issuance of preferred stock in cases where the company specifies the voting, dividend, conversion and other rights of such stock and the terms of the preferred stock issuance are deemed reasonable.
Mergers and corporate restructuring. Mergers and acquisitions will be subject to careful review by the research analyst to determine whether they would be beneficial to shareholders. The manager will analyze various economic and strategic factors in making the final decision on a merger or acquisition. Corporate restructuring proposals are also subject to a thorough examination on a case-by-case basis.
Social and corporate policy issues. The manager will generally give management discretion with regard to social, environmental and ethical issues, although the manager may vote in favor of those that are believed to have significant economic benefits or implications for the Fund and its shareholders.
Global corporate governance. Many of the tenets discussed above are applied to the manager's proxy voting decisions for international investments. However, the manager must be flexible in these instances and must be mindful of the varied market practices of each region.
The manager will attempt to process every proxy it receives for all domestic and foreign issuers. However, there may be situations in which the manager cannot process proxies, for example, where a meeting notice was received too late, or sell orders preclude the ability to vote. If a security is on loan, the manager may determine that it is not in the best interests of the Fund to recall the security for voting purposes. Also, the manager may abstain from voting under certain circumstances or vote against items such as “Other Business” when the manager is not given adequate information from the company.
Shareholders may view the complete Policies online at franklintempleton.com. Alternatively, shareholders may request copies of the Policies free of charge by calling the Proxy Group collect at (954) 527-7678 or by sending a written request to: Franklin Templeton Companies, LLC, 500 East Broward Boulevard, Suite 1500, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394, Attention: Proxy Group. Copies of the Fund’s proxy voting records are available online at franklintempleton.com and posted on the SEC website at www.sec.gov. The proxy voting records are updated each year by August 31 to reflect the most recent 12-month period ended June 30.
Manager and services provided The Fund's manager is Franklin Advisers, Inc. The manager is a wholly owned subsidiary of Resources, a publicly owned company engaged in the financial services industry through its subsidiaries. Charles B. Johnson and Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. are the principal shareholders of Resources.
The manager provides investment research and portfolio management services, and selects the securities for the Fund to buy, hold or sell. The manager also selects the brokers who execute the Fund's portfolio transactions. The manager provides periodic reports to the board, which reviews and supervises the manager's investment activities. To protect the Fund, the manager and its officers, directors and employees are covered by fidelity insurance.
The manager and its affiliates manage numerous other investment companies and accounts. The manager may give advice and take action with respect to any of the other funds it manages, or for its own account, that may differ from action taken by the manager on behalf of the Fund. Similarly, with respect to the Fund, the manager is not obligated to recommend, buy or sell, or to refrain from recommending, buying or selling any security that the manager and access persons, as defined by applicable federal securities laws, may buy or sell for its or their own account or for the accounts of any other fund. The manager is not obligated to refrain from investing in securities held by the Fund or other funds it manages. Because the manager is a subsidiary of a financial holding company (FHC) under the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999, federal regulations applicable to FHCs may limit or restrict the Fund's ability to acquire or hold a position in a given security when it might otherwise be advantageous for the Fund to acquire or hold that security.
The Fund, its manager and principal underwriter have each adopted a code of ethics, as required by federal securities laws. Under the code of ethics, employees who are designated as access persons may engage in personal securities transactions, including transactions involving securities that are being considered for the Fund or that are currently held by the Fund, subject to certain general restrictions and procedures. The personal securities transactions of access persons of the Fund, its manager and principal underwriter will be governed by the code of ethics. The code of ethics is on file with, and available from, the SEC.
Management fees
Effective January 1, 2008, the Fund pays the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
Prior to January 1, 2008, the Fund paid the manager a fee equal to an annual rate of:
The fee is computed at the close of business on the last business day of each month according to the terms of the management agreement. Each class of the Fund's shares pays its proportionate share of the fee.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following management fees:
Management Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Biotechnology Fund 1 | 1,583,109 | 1,924,308 | 2,253,579 |
Natural Resources Fund 2 | 3,033,087 | 3,427,196 | 2,378,341 |
1. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $1,656,398, $1,990,289 and $2,301,554, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
2. For the fiscal years ended April 30, 2009, 2008 and 2007, management fees, before any advance waiver, totaled $3,107,930, $3,491,676 and $2,411,591, respectively. Under an agreement by the manager to limit its fees and to reduce its fees to reflect reduced services resulting from the Fund’s investment in a Franklin Templeton money fund, the Fund paid the management fees shown.
Portfolio managers This section reflects information about the portfolio managers as of April 30, 2009.
The following table shows the number of other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the total assets in the accounts managed within each category:
Name |
Number of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed 1 |
Assets of Other
Registered Investment Companies Managed (x $1 million) 1 |
Number of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Pooled Investment Vehicles Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Number of Other
Accounts Managed 2 |
Assets of Other
Accounts Managed (x $1 million) 2 |
Matthew Adams | 0 | N/A | 1 | 42.1 | 0 | N/A |
Fred Fromm | 1 | 1,431.1 | 1 | 42.1 | 0 | N/A |
Steve Land | 1 | 1,431.1 | 1 | 42.1 | 0 | N/A |
Evan McCulloch | 0 | N/A | 2 | 78.3 | 0 | N/A |
Vincent Xiang | 0 | N/A | 2 | 78.3 | 0 | N/A |
1. These figures represent registered investment companies other than the Funds that are included in this SAI.
2. The various pooled investment vehicles and accounts listed are managed by a team of investment professionals. Accordingly, the portfolio manager listed would not be solely responsible for managing such listed amounts.
Portfolio managers that provide investment services to the Fund may also provide services to a variety of other investment products, including other funds, institutional accounts and private accounts. The advisory fees for some of such other products and accounts may be different than that charged to the Fund and may include performance based compensation. This may result in fees that are higher (or lower) than the advisory fees paid by the Fund. As a matter of policy, each fund or account is managed solely for the benefit of the beneficial owners thereof. As discussed below, the separation of the trading execution function from the portfolio management function and the application of objectively based trade allocation procedures help to mitigate potential conflicts of interest that may arise as a result of the portfolio managers managing accounts with different advisory fees.
Conflicts. The management of multiple funds, including the Fund, and accounts may also give rise to potential conflicts of interest if the funds and other accounts have different objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees as the portfolio manager must allocate his or her time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts. The manager seeks to manage such competing interests for the time and attention of portfolio managers by having portfolio managers focus on a particular investment discipline. Most other accounts managed by a portfolio manager are managed using the same investment strategies that are used in connection with the management of the Fund. Accordingly, portfolio holdings, position sizes, and industry and sector exposures tend to be similar across similar portfolios, which may minimize the potential for conflicts of interest. As noted above, the separate management of the trade execution and valuation functions from the portfolio management process also helps to reduce potential conflicts of interest. However, securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund. Moreover, if a portfolio manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity due to an allocation of that opportunity across all eligible funds and other accounts. The manager seeks to manage such potential conflicts by using procedures intended to provide a fair allocation of buy and sell opportunities among funds and other accounts.
The structure of a portfolio manager’s compensation may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. A portfolio manager’s base pay and bonus tend to increase with additional and more complex responsibilities that include increased assets under management. As such, there may be an indirect relationship between a portfolio manager’s marketing or sales efforts and his or her bonus.
Finally, the management of personal accounts by a portfolio manager may give rise to potential conflicts of interest. While the funds and the manager have adopted a code of ethics which they believe contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent a wide range of prohibited activities by portfolio managers and others with respect to their personal trading activities, there can be no assurance that the code of ethics addresses all individual conduct that could result in conflicts of interest.
The manager and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures that are designed to address these, and other, types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation where a conflict arises.
Compensation. The manager seeks to maintain a compensation program that is competitively positioned to attract, retain and motivate top-quality investment professionals. Portfolio managers receive a base salary, a cash incentive bonus opportunity, an equity compensation opportunity, and a benefits package. Portfolio manager compensation is reviewed annually and the level of compensation is based on individual performance, the salary range for a portfolio manager’s level of responsibility and Franklin Templeton guidelines. Portfolio managers are provided no financial incentive to favor one fund or account over another. Each portfolio manager’s compensation consists of the following three elements:
Base salary Each portfolio manager is paid a base salary.
Annual bonus Annual bonuses are structured to align the interests of the portfolio manager with those of the Fund’s shareholders. Each portfolio manager is eligible to receive an annual bonus. Bonuses generally are split between cash (50% to 65%) and restricted shares of Resources stock (17.5% to 25%) and mutual fund shares (17.5% to 25%). The deferred equity-based compensation is intended to build a vested interest of the portfolio manager in the financial performance of both Resources and mutual funds advised by the manager. The bonus plan is intended to provide a competitive level of annual bonus compensation that is tied to the portfolio manager achieving consistently strong investment performance, which aligns the financial incentives of the portfolio manager and Fund shareholders. The Chief Investment Officer of the manager and/or other officers of the manager, with responsibility for the Fund, have discretion in the granting of annual bonuses to portfolio managers in accordance with Franklin Templeton guidelines. The following factors are generally used in determining bonuses under the plan:
Additional long-term equity-based compensation Portfolio managers may also be awarded restricted shares or units of Resources stock or restricted shares or units of one or more mutual funds, and options to purchase common shares of Resources stock. Awards of such deferred equity-based compensation typically vest over time, so as to create incentives to retain key talent.
Portfolio managers also participate in benefit plans and programs available generally to all employees of the manager.
Ownership of Fund shares. The manager has a policy of encouraging portfolio managers to invest in the funds they manage. Exceptions arise when, for example, a fund is closed to new investors or when tax considerations or jurisdictional constraints cause such an investment to be inappropriate for the portfolio manager. The following is the dollar range of Fund shares beneficially owned by each portfolio manager (such amounts may change from time to time):
Portfolio Manager |
Dollar Range
of Fund Shares Beneficially Owned |
Matthew Adams | None |
Fred Fromm |
Natural Resources Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Steve Land |
Natural Resources Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Evan McCulloch |
Biotechnology Discovery Fund
$10,001 - $50,000 |
Vincent Xiang |
Biotechnology Discovery Fund
$1 - $10,000 |
Administrator and services provided Franklin Templeton Services, LLC (FT Services) has an agreement with Biotechnology Fund, and the manager, on behalf of Natural Resources Fund to provide certain administrative services and facilities for the Funds. FT Services is an indirect, wholly owned subsidiary of Resources and is an affiliate of the Funds’ manager and principal underwriter.
The administrative services FT Services provides include preparing and maintaining books, records, and tax and financial reports, and monitoring compliance with regulatory requirements.
Administration fees Biotechnology Fund and the manager pay FT Services a monthly fee equal to an annual rate of:
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Biotechnology Fund and the manager paid FT Services the following administration fees:
Administration Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Biotechnology Fund | 451,919 | 552,087 | 645,466 |
Natural Resources Fund | 853,537 | 983,210 | 677,156 |
Shareholder servicing and transfer agent Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC (Investor Services) is the Fund's shareholder servicing agent and acts as the Fund's transfer agent and dividend-paying agent. Investor Services is located at 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313. Please send all correspondence to Investor Services at P.O. Box 997151, Sacramento, CA 95899-7151.
Investor Services receives a fee for servicing Fund shareholder accounts. The Fund also will reimburse Investor Services for certain out-of-pocket expenses necessarily incurred in servicing the shareholder accounts in accordance with the terms of its servicing contract with the Fund.
Investor Services may also pay servicing fees, that will be reimbursed by the Fund, in varying amounts to certain financial institutions (primarily to help offset their costs associated with client account maintenance support, statement preparation and transaction processing) that (i) maintain omnibus accounts with the Fund in the institution's name on behalf of numerous beneficial owners of Fund shares who are either direct clients of the institution or are participants in an IRS-recognized tax-deferred savings plan (including Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans and Section 529 Plans) for which the institution, or its affiliate, provides participant level recordkeeping services (called "Beneficial Owners"); or (ii) provide support for Fund shareholder accounts by sharing account data with Investor Services through the National Securities Clearing Corporation (NSCC) networking system. In addition to servicing fees received from the Fund, these financial institutions also may charge a fee for their services directly to their clients. Investor Services will also receive a fee from the Fund for services provided in support of Beneficial Owners and NSCC networking system accounts.
Custodian The Bank of New York Mellon, Mutual Funds Division, 100 Church Street, New York, NY 10286, acts as custodian of the Fund's securities and other assets. As foreign custody manager, the bank selects and monitors foreign sub-custodian banks, selects and evaluates non-compulsory foreign depositories, and furnishes information relevant to the selection of compulsory depositories.
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, Three Embarcadero Center, San Francisco, CA 94111-4004, is the Fund's independent registered public accounting firm. The Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm audits the financial statements included in the Fund's Annual Report to Shareholders.
The manager selects brokers and dealers to execute the Fund's portfolio transactions in accordance with criteria set forth in the management agreement and any directions that the board may give.
When placing a portfolio transaction, the trading department of the manager seeks to obtain "best execution" -- the best combination of high quality transaction execution services, taking into account the services and products to be provided by the broker or dealer, and low relative commission rates with the view of maximizing value for the Fund and its other clients. For most transactions in equity securities, the amount of commissions paid is negotiated between the manager and the broker executing the transaction. The determination and evaluation of the reasonableness of the brokerage commissions paid are based to a large degree on the professional opinions of the persons within the trading department of the manager responsible for placement and review of the transactions. These opinions are based on the experience of these individuals in the securities industry and information available to them about the level of commissions being paid by other institutional investors. The manager may also place orders to buy and sell equity securities on a principal rather than agency basis if the manager believes that trading on a principal basis will provide best execution. Orders for fixed-income securities are ordinarily placed with market makers on a net basis, without any brokerage commissions. Purchases of portfolio securities from underwriters will include a commission or concession paid to the underwriter, and purchases from dealers will include a spread between the bid and ask price.
The manager may cause the Fund to pay certain brokers commissions that are higher than those another broker may charge, if the manager determines in good faith that the amount paid is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services it receives. This may be viewed in terms of either the particular transaction or the manager's overall responsibilities to client accounts over which it exercises investment discretion. The brokerage commissions that are used to acquire services other than brokerage are known as "soft dollars." Research provided can be either proprietary (created and provided by the broker-dealer, including tangible research products as well as access to analysts and traders) or third party (created by a third party but provided by the broker-dealer). To the extent permitted by applicable law, the manager may use soft dollars to acquire both proprietary and third-party research.
The research services that brokers may provide to the manager include, among others, supplying information about particular companies, markets, countries, or local, regional, national or transnational economies, statistical data, quotations and other securities pricing information, and other information that provides lawful and appropriate assistance to the manager in carrying out its investment advisory responsibilities. These services may not always directly benefit the Fund. They must, however, be of value to the manager in carrying out its overall responsibilities to its clients.
It is not possible to place an accurate dollar value on the special execution or on the research services the manager receives from dealers effecting transactions in portfolio securities. The allocation of transactions to obtain additional research services allows the manager to supplement its own research and analysis activities and to receive the views and information of individuals and research staffs from many securities firms. The receipt of these products and services does not reduce the manager's research activities in providing investment advice to the Fund.
As long as it is lawful and appropriate to do so, the manager and its affiliates may use this research and data in their investment advisory capacities with other clients.
Because Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) is a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA), it may sometimes receive certain fees when the Fund tenders portfolio securities pursuant to a tender-offer solicitation. To recapture brokerage for the benefit of the Fund, any portfolio securities tendered by the Fund will be tendered through Distributors if it is legally permissible to do so. In turn, the next management fee payable to the manager will be reduced by the amount of any fees received by Distributors in cash, less any costs and expenses incurred in connection with the tender.
If purchases or sales of securities of the Fund and one or more other investment companies or clients supervised by the manager are considered at or about the same time, transactions in these securities will be allocated among the several investment companies and clients in a manner deemed equitable to all by the manager, taking into account the respective sizes of the accounts and the amount of securities to be purchased or sold. In some cases this procedure could have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the security so far as the Fund is concerned. In other cases it is possible that the ability to participate in volume transactions may improve execution and reduce transaction costs to the Fund.
For the last three fiscal years ended April 30, the Fund paid the following brokerage commissions:
Brokerage Commissions Fees Paid ($) | |||
2009 | 2008 | 2007 | |
Biotechnology Fund | 472,128 | 529,423 | 875,788 |
Natural Resources Fund | 661,130 | 604,364 | 483,468 |
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the Fund paid brokerage commissions from aggregate portfolio transactions to brokers who provided research services as follows:
Brokerage
Commissions ($) |
Aggregate Portfolio
Transactions ($) |
|
Biotechnology Fund | 172,011 | 231,631,977 |
Natural Resources Fund | 306,670 | 490,049,396 |
As of April 30, 2009, the Fund did not own securities of its regular broker-dealers.
Because the Fund may, from time to time, invest in broker-dealers, it is possible that the Fund will own more than 5% of the voting securities of one or more broker-dealers through whom the Fund places portfolio brokerage transactions. In such circumstances, the broker-dealer would be considered an affiliated person of the Fund. To the extent the Fund places brokerage transactions through such a broker-dealer at a time when the broker-dealer is considered to be an affiliate of the Fund, the Fund will be required to adhere to certain rules relating to the payment of commissions to an affiliated broker-dealer. These rules require the Fund to adhere to procedures adopted by the board to ensure that the commissions paid to such broker-dealers do not exceed what would otherwise be the usual and customary brokerage commissions for similar transactions.
Multiclass distributions The Fund calculates income dividends and capital gain distributions the same way for each class. The amount of any income dividends per share will differ, however, generally due to any differences in the distribution and service (Rule 12b-1) fees applicable to the classes.
Distributions of net investment income The Fund receives income generally in the form of dividends and interest on its investments. This income, less expenses incurred in the operation of the Fund, constitutes the Fund's net investment income from which dividends may be paid to you. If you are a taxable investor, any income dividends (other than qualified dividends) the Fund pays are taxable to you at ordinary income tax rates. A portion of the income dividends paid to you may be qualified dividends eligible to be taxed at reduced rates. A portion of the income dividends may also be designated as interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends that will not be subject to nonresident alien withholding for most non-U.S. investors. See the section on "Non-U.S. investors" for more information on interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends.
Distributions of capital gains The Fund may realize capital gains and losses on the sale of its portfolio securities.
Distributions of short-term capital gains are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions of long-term capital gains are taxable to you as long-term capital gains, regardless of how long you have owned your shares in the Fund. Any net capital gains realized by the Fund (in excess of any available capital loss carryovers) generally are distributed once each year, and may be distributed more frequently, if necessary, to reduce or eliminate excise or income taxes on the Fund.
Capital gain dividends and any net long-term capital gains you realize from the sale of Fund shares are subject to a maximum rate of tax of 15% for individuals (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal income tax brackets). These reduced rates of taxation of capital gain dividends and net long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these rates do sunset at the end of 2010, the rates for taxation of net capital gains that were in effect prior to these changes, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2011 and later years.
Returns of capital If the Fund's distributions exceed its taxable income and realized capital gains for a taxable year, all or a portion of the distributions made in that taxable year may be characterized as a return of capital to you. A return of capital distribution will generally not be taxable, but will reduce the cost basis in your Fund shares and will result in a higher capital gain or in a lower capital loss when you sell your shares. Any return of capital in excess of the basis in your Fund shares, however, will be taxable as a capital gain.
Investments in foreign securities The following paragraphs describe tax considerations that are applicable to the Fund's investments in foreign securities.
Effect of foreign withholding taxes. The Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes on income from certain foreign securities. This, in turn, could reduce the Fund's income dividends paid to you.
Effect of foreign debt investments on distributions. Most foreign exchange gains realized on the sale of debt securities are treated as ordinary income by the Fund. Similarly, foreign exchange losses realized on the sale of debt securities generally are treated as ordinary losses. These gains when distributed are taxable to you as ordinary income, and any losses reduce the Fund's ordinary income otherwise available for distribution to you. This treatment could increase or decrease the Fund's ordinary income distributions to you, and may cause some or all of the Fund's previously distributed income to be classified as a return of capital.
PFIC securities. The Fund may invest in securities of foreign entities that could be deemed for tax purposes to be passive foreign investment companies (PFICs). When investing in PFIC securities, the Fund intends to mark-to-market these securities and recognize any gains at the end of its fiscal and excise (described below) tax years. Deductions for losses are allowable only to the extent of any current or previously recognized gains. These gains (reduced by allowable losses) are treated as ordinary income that the Fund is required to distribute, even though it has not sold the securities. If the Fund is unable to identify an investment as a PFIC security and thus does not make a mark-to-market election, the Fund may be subject to U.S. federal income tax on a portion of any "excess distribution" or gain from the sale of the PFIC shares even if such income is distributed to you as a taxable dividend. Additional charges in the nature of interest may be imposed on the Fund on any deferred taxes arising from such income or gains.
The Fund's designation of a foreign security as a PFIC security will cause the income dividends of any designated securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified foreign corporation dividends. These dividends generally will not qualify for the reduced rate of taxation on qualified dividends when distributed to you by the Fund.
Information on the amount and tax character of distributions The Fund will inform you of the amount of your income dividends and capital gain distributions at the time they are paid, and will advise you of their tax status for federal income tax purposes shortly after the close of each calendar year. The amount of income dividends designated by the Fund, consisting of qualified dividend income (which is relevant to U.S. investors) and interest-related and short-term capital gain dividends (which are relevant to non-U.S. investors) may exceed the total amount of income dividends paid. These designations will not result in more income being reported to you, but rather will allow the Fund to make its designations in a manner that is more tax efficient to both U.S. and non-U.S. investors. If you have not owned your Fund shares for a full year, the Fund may designate and distribute to you:
a percentage of income that may not be equal to the actual amount of each type of income earned during the period of your investment in the Fund. Distributions declared in December to shareholders of record in such month, but paid in January, are taxable to you as if paid in December.
Election to be taxed as a regulated investment company The Fund has elected to be treated as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Code. It has qualified as a regulated investment company for its most recent fiscal year, and intends to continue to qualify during the current fiscal year. As a regulated investment company, the Fund generally pays no federal income tax on the income and gains it distributes to you. The board of trustees reserves the right not to maintain the qualification of the Fund as a regulated investment company if it determines this course of action to be beneficial to shareholders. In that case, the Fund would be subject to federal, and possibly state, corporate taxes on its taxable income and gains, and distributions to you would be taxed as dividend income to the extent of the Fund's earnings and profits.
Excise tax distribution requirements
Required distributions. To avoid federal excise taxes, the Code requires the Fund to distribute to you by December 31 of each year, at a minimum, the following amounts:
The Fund intends to declare and pay these distributions in December (or to pay them in January, in which case you must treat them as received in December), but can give no assurances that its distributions will be sufficient to eliminate all taxes.
Tax reporting for income and excise tax years. Because the periods for measuring a regulated investment company's income are different for income (determined on a fiscal year basis) and excise tax years (determined as noted above), special rules are required to calculate the amount of income earned in each period, and the amount of earnings and profits needed to support that income. For example, if the Fund uses the excise tax period ending on October 31 as the measuring period for calculating and paying out capital gain net income and realizes a net capital loss between November 1 and the end of the Fund's fiscal year, it will likely have insufficient earnings and profits for its taxable year to support its required excise tax distribution. Accordingly, the Fund is permitted to elect to treat its realized capital loss (its "post-October loss") as occurring on the first day of its next fiscal year. Because these rules are not entirely clear, the Fund may be required to interpret the post-October loss and other rules relating to these different year-ends to determine its taxable income and capital gains. The Fund's reporting of income and its allocation between different taxable and excise tax years may be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS), possibly resulting in adjustments in the income reported by the Fund on its tax returns and/or by the Fund to you on your year-end tax statements.
Sales of Fund shares Sales and exchanges of Fund shares are taxable transactions for federal and state income tax purposes. If you sell your Fund shares, or exchange them for shares of a different Franklin Templeton fund, the IRS requires you to report any gain or loss on your sale or exchange. If you owned your shares as a capital asset, any gain or loss that you realize is a capital gain or loss, and is long-term or short-term, depending on how long you owned your shares.
Sales at a loss within six months of purchase. Any loss incurred on the sale or exchange of Fund shares owned for six months or less is treated as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any long-term capital gains distributed to you by the Fund on those shares.
Wash sales. All or a portion of any loss that you realize on the sale of your Fund shares is disallowed to the extent that you buy other shares in the Fund within 30 days before or after your sale. Any loss disallowed under these rules is added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Deferral of basis. (Class A only) In reporting gain or loss on the sale of your Fund shares, you may be required to adjust your basis in the shares you sell under the following circumstances:
IF:
THEN: In reporting any gain or loss on your sale, all or a portion of the sales charge that you paid for your original shares is excluded from your tax basis in the shares sold and added to your tax basis in the new shares.
Cost basis reporting.
Under recently enacted provisions of the Energy Improvement and Extension Act of 2008, the Fund’s administrative agent will be required to provide you cost basis information on the sale of your Fund shares, subject to certain exceptions. This new cost basis reporting requirement is effective for Fund shares purchased on or after January 1, 2012. Information about cost basis reporting for Franklin Templeton Funds is available online at
franklintempleton.com (under the Fund’s Tax Information) or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN /
(800) 342-5236.
Tax certification and backup withholding Tax laws require that you certify your tax information when you become an investor in the Fund. For U.S. citizens and resident aliens, this certification is made on IRS Form W-9. Under these laws, the Fund must withhold a portion of your taxable distributions and sales proceeds unless you:
The Fund must also withhold if the IRS instructs it to do so. When withholding is required, the amount will be 28% of any taxable distributions.
Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements. See the section below entitled "Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors."
U.S. government securities The income earned on certain U.S. government securities is exempt from state and local personal income taxes if earned directly by you. States also grant tax-free status to mutual fund dividends paid to you from interest earned on these securities, subject in some states to minimum investment or reporting requirements that must be met by the Fund. The income on Fund investments in certain securities, such as repurchase agreements, commercial paper and federal agency-backed obligations (e.g., Ginnie Mae and Fannie Mae securities), generally does not qualify for tax-free treatment. The rules on exclusion of this income are different for corporations.
Qualified dividends For individual shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may be qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at the 15% long-term capital gain rate (0% for individuals in the 10% and 15% federal rate brackets for dividends paid from income earned by the Fund in 2008 through 2010).
Dividends earned on the following income sources will qualify for this treatment:
Dividends from corporations exempt from tax, passive foreign investment companies (PFICs), and dividends paid from interest earned by the Fund on debt securities generally will not qualify for this favorable tax treatment.
Both the Fund and you must meet certain holding period requirements to qualify Fund dividends for this treatment. Specifically, the Fund must hold the stock for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the stock becomes ex-dividend. Similarly, you must hold your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning 60 days before the Fund distribution goes ex-dividend. The ex-dividend date is the first date following the declaration of a dividend on which the purchaser of stock is not entitled to receive the dividend payment. When counting the number of days you held your Fund shares, include the day you sold your shares but not the day you acquired these shares.
While the income received in the form of a qualified dividend is taxed at the same rates as long-term capital gains, such income will not be considered as a long-term capital gain for other federal income tax purposes. For example, you will not be allowed to offset your long-term capital losses against qualified dividend income on your federal income tax return. Any qualified dividend income that you elect to be taxed at these reduced rates also cannot be used as investment income in determining your allowable investment interest expense. For other limitations on the amount of or use of qualified dividend income on your income tax return, please contact your personal tax advisor.
After the close of its fiscal year, the Fund will designate the portion of its ordinary dividend income that meets the definition of qualified dividend income taxable at reduced rates. If 95% or more of the Fund’s income is from qualified sources, it will be allowed to designate 100% of its ordinary income distributions as qualified dividend income. This designation rule may have the effect of converting small amounts of ordinary income or net short-term capital gains, that otherwise would be taxable as ordinary income, into qualified dividend income eligible for taxation at reduced rates.
Sunsetting of provisions. The special provisions dealing with qualified dividend income, and the reduced rate of taxation of long-term capital gains are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2010, unless extended or made permanent before that date. If these provisions do sunset, the rules on taxation of capital gains that were in effect prior to the adoption of these rules, including provisions for the taxation of five-year gains, will again be effective for 2011 and later years.
Dividends-received deduction for corporations For corporate shareholders, a portion of the dividends paid by the Fund may qualify for the dividends-received deduction. This deduction generally is available to corporations for dividends paid by a fund out of income earned on its investments in domestic corporations. Because the income of the Fund is derived at least in part from investments in domestic securities, it is anticipated that a portion or all of the dividends paid by the Fund will qualify for this deduction. You may be allowed to deduct these qualified dividends, thereby reducing the tax that you would otherwise be required to pay. All dividends (including the deducted portion) are included in your calculation of alternative minimum taxable income. If the portion of income qualifying for this deduction is quite small, the Fund reserves the right to not designate these dividends as qualifying for the corporate dividends-received deduction to the Fund’s corporate investors.
Investment in complex securities The Fund may invest in complex securities that could require it to adjust the amount, timing and/or tax character (ordinary or capital) of gains and losses it recognizes on these investments. This, in turn, could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income distributed to you. For example,
Derivatives. The Fund may invest in certain derivative contracts, including some or all of the following types of investments: options on securities and securities indices; financial and futures contracts; options on financial or futures contracts and stock index futures; foreign currency contracts, and forward and futures contracts on foreign currencies. If it makes any of these investments, it could be required to mark-to-market these contracts and realize any unrealized gains and losses at its fiscal year end even though it continues to hold the contracts. Under these rules, gains or losses on the contracts generally would be treated as 60% long-term and 40% short-term capital gains or losses, but gains or losses on certain foreign currency contracts would be treated as ordinary income or losses. In determining its net income for excise tax purposes, the Fund also would be required to mark-to-market these contracts annually as of October 31 (for capital gain net income and ordinary income arising from certain foreign currency contracts) and to realize and distribute any resulting income and gains.
Short selling and constructive sales. The Biotechnology Fund is authorized to enter into short sale transactions, including “short sales against the box.” Each Fund in the series is authorized to enter into various options, futures and forward contracts. Each Fund's entry into one of these transactions or contracts could be treated as the "constructive sale" of an "appreciated financial position," causing the Fund to realize gain, but not loss, on the position.
Securities lending transactions. The Fund's entry into securities lending transactions may cause the replacement income earned on the loaned securities to fall outside of the definition of qualified dividend income. This replacement income generally will not be eligible for reduced rates of taxation on qualified dividend income, and, to the extent that debt securities are loaned, will generally not qualify as qualified interest income for foreign withholding tax purposes.
Tax straddles. If the Fund invests in any or all of the derivative contracts described in the paragraphs above, if it actively trades stock or otherwise acquires a position with respect to substantially similar or related property in connection with certain hedging transactions, or if it engages in spread, straddle or collar transactions, it could be deemed to hold offsetting positions in securities. If the Fund’s risk of loss with respect to specific securities in its portfolio is substantially diminished by the fact that it holds offsetting securities, including securities in a spread, collar, straddle or similar type of transaction, the Fund could be deemed to have entered into a tax "straddle" or to hold a "successor position" that would require any loss realized by it to be deferred for tax purposes.
Securities purchased at discount. The Fund is permitted to invest in securities issued or purchased at a discount, such as zero coupon, deferred interest or payment-in-kind (PIK) bonds, that could require it to accrue and distribute income not yet received. These obligations may not pay current interest, but may be subject to tax rules that require the Fund to currently accrue income for tax reporting, and then distribute that income to Fund shareholders to meet its fund qualification and excise tax distribution requirements. If it invests in these securities, the Fund could be required to sell securities in its portfolio that it otherwise might have continued to hold in order to generate sufficient cash to make these distributions.
Each of these investments by the Fund in complex securities is subject to special tax rules that could affect the amount, timing and/or tax character of income realized by the Fund and distributed to you.
Excess inclusion income of certain tax-exempt shareholders from an investment by the Fund in REITs and REMIC residual interests. Certain tax-exempt shareholders, including qualified pension plans, individual retirement accounts, salary deferral arrangements (401(k)s) and other tax-exempt entities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation except with respect to their unrelated business taxable income (UBTI). Under current law, the Fund serves to block UBTI from being realized by its tax-exempt shareholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a tax-exempt shareholder that is subject to UBTI could realize UBTI by virtue of its investment in the Fund if: (i) the Fund invests in a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit (REMIC) or in a Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT) that holds a REMIC residual interest (income that is attributable to these residual interests is referred to in the Code as an “excess inclusion income”) or (ii) shares in the Fund constitute debt-financed property in the hands of the tax-exempt shareholder within the meaning of Code Section 514(b). In addition, if a REIT, that issues debt securities with more than one maturity, owns a “taxable mortgage pool” within the meaning of Code Section 7701(i) as a portion of the REIT’s assets, or as a REIT subsidiary, then a portion of the REIT’s income may be treated as if it were an excess inclusion from a REMIC. This income generally is required to be allocated by the Fund to you in proportion to the dividends paid to you with the same tax consequences as if you received the excess inclusion income directly. If you are a tax-exempt shareholder, this excess inclusion income may have a tax consequence to you as discussed below.
Under guidance recently issued by the IRS, the Fund will be taxed at the highest corporate income tax rate on its excess inclusion income that is allocable to the percentage of its shares held in record name by a “disqualified organization.” Disqualified organizations generally include certain cooperatives, governmental entities and tax-exempt organizations that are not subject to tax on unrelated business taxable income. To the extent that Fund shares owned by a disqualified organization are held in record name by a broker-dealer or other nominee, the broker-dealer or other nominee would be liable for the corporate level tax on the portion of the Fund’s excess inclusion income allocable to Fund shares held by the broker-dealer or other nominee. The Fund expects that disqualified organizations will own their shares and will not themselves be pass-through entities. Because this tax is imposed at the Fund level, all shareholders, including shareholders that are not disqualified organizations, will bear a portion of the tax cost associated with the Fund’s receipt of excess inclusion income. However, to the extent permitted under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and under Treasury Regulations, the Fund may, but is not required to, specially allocate this tax expense to the disqualified organizations to which it is attributable, so long as such an allocation will not constitute a preferential dividend to the Fund.
In addition, with respect to Fund shareholders who are not nominees, for Fund taxable years beginning on or after January 1, 2007, the Fund must report excess inclusion income to shareholders in two cases:
Any excess inclusion income realized by the Fund and allocated to shareholders under these rules cannot be offset by net operating losses of the shareholders. If the shareholder is a tax-exempt entity and not a "disqualified organization," then this income is fully taxable as unrelated business taxable income under the Code. Charitable remainder trusts do not incur UBTI by receiving excess inclusion income from the Fund. If the shareholder is a non-U.S. person, such shareholder would be subject to U.S. federal income tax withholding at a rate of 30% on this income without reduction or exemption pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty. If the shareholder is a REIT, a regulated investment company, common trust fund or other pass-through entity, such shareholder's allocable share of the Fund's excess inclusion income would be considered excess inclusion income of such entity and such entity would be subject to tax at the highest corporate tax rate on any excess inclusion income allocated to their owners that are disqualified organizations. Accordingly, investors should be aware that a portion of the Fund's income may be considered excess inclusion income.
Compliance with these requirements will require the Fund to obtain significant cooperation from any REITs in which it invests. There is no guarantee that the Fund will receive the information that it needs to implement these requirements and report any excess inclusion income to you on a timely basis. The Fund will use its best efforts to meet these requirements, and through the Investment Company Institute, will seek additional guidance from the IRS and the cooperation of REITs in providing excess inclusion income information on a timely basis.
Tax-exempt shareholders should talk to their tax advisors about the implications of these rules on their separate tax situations.
Non-U.S. investors Non-U.S. investors may be subject to U.S. withholding and estate tax, and are subject to special U.S. tax certification requirements. Non-U.S. investors should consult their tax advisors about the applicability of U.S. tax withholding and the use of appropriate forms to certify their foreign status and to claim any applicable treaty benefits to which they are entitled.
In general. The United States imposes a flat 30% withholding tax (or a tax at a lower treaty rate) on U.S. source dividends. An exemption from this withholding tax is provided for capital gain dividends paid by the Fund from its net long-term capital gains. An exemption from withholding is also provided for short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends as described below, to the extent that these gains and dividends are paid out of income and gains earned by the Fund prior to the end of the Fund's fiscal year ending in 2010. However, notwithstanding such exemptions from U.S. withholding at the source, any taxable distributions and proceeds from the sale of your Fund shares will be subject to backup withholding at a rate of 28% if you fail to properly certify that you are not a U.S. person.
Capital gain distributions and short-term capital gain dividends. Dividends designated by the Fund as either (i) a distribution from net long-term capital gains (a capital gain dividend), or (ii) a distribution from net short-term capital gains (a short-term capital gain dividend) paid out of income earned within the Fund prior to the sunset date described above, other than long- or short-term capital gains realized on disposition of U.S. real property interests (see discussion below), are not subject to U.S. withholding tax unless you are a nonresident alien individual present in the United States for a period or periods aggregating 183 days or more during the calendar year.
Interest-related dividends. Interest-related dividends designated and paid by the Fund from qualified net interest income earned prior to the sunset date described above are not subject to U.S. withholding tax. The Fund's qualified net interest income equals its qualified interest income less allocable expenses. "Qualified interest income" includes, in general, the sum of the Fund's U.S. source: i) bank deposit interest, ii) short-term original issue discount, iii) portfolio interest, and iv) any interest-related dividend passed through from another regulated investment company. On any payment date, the amount of an income dividend that is designated by the Fund as an interest-related dividend may be more or less than the amount that is so qualified. This is because the designation is based on an estimate of the Fund's qualified interest income for its entire fiscal year, which can only be determined with exactness at fiscal year end. As a consequence, the Fund may over withhold a small amount of U.S. tax from a dividend payment. In this case, the non-U.S. investor's only recourse may be to either forgo recovery of the excess withholding, or to file a United States nonresident income tax return to recover the excess withholding.
Limitations on tax reporting for interest-related dividends and short-term capital gains dividends for non-U.S. investors.
It may not be practical in every case for the Fund to designate, and the Fund reserves the right in these cases to not designate, small amounts of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends. Additionally, the Fund's designation of interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends may not be passed through to shareholders by
intermediaries who have assumed tax reporting responsibilities for this income in managed or omnibus accounts due to systems limitations or operational constraints. When the Fund has designated interest-related or short-term capital gain dividends, this information will be available online at franklintempleton.com, under the Fund’s Tax Information, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at (800) DIAL BEN. If you are a shareholder of an
institutional fund, you may obtain this information by calling Institutional Services at (800) 321-8563, or through a Customer Service Representative at Franklin Templeton Investments at
(800) DIAL BEN.
Other income dividends and effectively connected income. Income dividends paid by the Fund to non-U.S. investors on the income earned on portfolio investments in (i) the stock of domestic and foreign corporations and (ii) the debt of foreign issuers continue to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a 30% or lower treaty rate. If you hold your Fund shares in connection with a U.S. trade or business, your income and gains will be considered effectively connected income and taxed in the U.S. on a net basis, in which case you may be required to file a nonresident U.S. income tax return.
U.S. estate tax. An individual who is a non-U.S. investor will be subject to U.S. federal estate tax on all or a portion of the value of Fund shares owned at the time of death, unless a treaty exemption applies between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. Even if a treaty exemption is available, a decedent’s estate may nevertheless be required to file a U.S. estate tax return to claim the exemption, as well as to obtain a U.S. federal transfer certificate. The transfer certificate will identify the property (i.e., Fund shares) on which a U.S. federal tax lien has been released, and is required before the Fund can release a nonresident alien decedent’s investment in the Fund to his or her estate. For estates with U.S. situs assets of not more than $60,000 (there is a statutory estate tax credit for this amount of property), the Fund may accept, in lieu of a federal transfer certificate, an affidavit from the executor of the estate or other authorized individual evidencing that the U.S. situs assets (excluding any exempt assets as noted below) are at or below this threshold amount. Transfers by gift of shares of the Fund by a non-U.S. investor who is a nonresident alien individual will not be subject to U.S. federal gift tax. The tax consequences to a non-U.S. investor entitled to claim the benefits of a treaty between the country of residence of the non-U.S. investor and the U.S. may be different from the consequences described above. Non-U.S. investors should consult with their tax advisors on the estate tax consequences of an investment in the Fund.
For estates of decedents dying before January 1, 2010, the Code also provides for a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax for Fund shares held by an estate of a nonresident decedent. The amount treated as exempt is based on the proportion of the assets held by the Fund at the end of the quarter immediately preceding the decedent’s death that are treated as qualifying assets. In general, qualifying assets include U.S. bank deposits, U.S. debt obligations that pay portfolio interest and other property not within the United States.
Sunsetting of provisions. The provisions dealing with interest-related dividends and short-term capital gain dividends that are discussed above are scheduled to sunset at the end of the Fund’s fiscal year on December 31, 2009 (calendar year funds) or in 2010 (fiscal year funds). The provisions creating a partial exemption from U.S. estate tax are scheduled to sunset on December 31, 2009. Unless these rules are extended or made permanent before the sunset provisions become effective, non-U.S. investors will again be subject to nonresident withholding taxes on any ordinary dividends (including short-term capital gain dividends) that they receive, and will no longer be eligible for a reduction in their U.S. estate tax.
Tax certification and backup withholding as applied to non-U.S. investors. Non-U.S. investors have special U.S. tax certification requirements to avoid backup withholding (at a rate of 28%), and if applicable, to obtain the benefit of any income tax treaty between the non-U.S. investor's country of residence and the United States. To claim these tax benefits, the non-U.S. investor must provide a properly completed Form W-8BEN (or other Form W-8, where applicable, or their substitute forms) to establish his or her status as a non-U.S. investor, to claim beneficial ownership over the assets in the account, and to claim, if applicable, a reduced rate of or exemption from withholding tax under the applicable treaty. A Form W-8BEN provided without a U.S. taxpayer identification number remains in effect for a period of three years beginning on the date that it is signed and ending on the last day of the third succeeding calendar year. However, non-U.S. investors must advise the Fund of any changes of circumstances that would render the information given on the form incorrect, and must then provide a new W-8BEN to avoid the prospective application of backup withholding. Forms W-8BEN with U.S. taxpayer identification numbers remain valid indefinitely, or until the investor has a change of circumstances that renders the form incorrect and necessitates a new form and tax certification.
Investment in U.S. real property. The Fund may invest in equity securities of corporations that invest in U.S. real property, including U.S. REITs. The sale of a U.S. real property interest (USRPI) by the Fund or by a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation in which the Fund invests may trigger special tax consequences to the Fund's non-U.S. shareholders.
The Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (FIRPTA) makes non-U.S. persons subject to U.S. tax on disposition of a USRPI as if he or she were a U.S. person. Such gain is sometimes referred to as FIRPTA gain. The Code provides a look-through rule for distributions of FIRPTA gain by a regulated investment company (RIC) received from a U.S. REIT or U.S. real property holding corporation or realized by the RIC on a sale of a USRPI (other than a domestically controlled U.S. REIT or RIC that is classified as a qualified investment entity) if all of the following requirements are met:
If these conditions are met, such Fund distributions to you are treated as gain from the disposition of a USRPI, causing the distributions to be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 35%, and requiring that you file a nonresident U.S. income tax return. Even if you do not own more than 5% of a class of Fund shares, but the Fund is a qualified investment entity, such Fund distributions to you will be taxable as ordinary dividends rather than as a capital gain dividend (a distribution of long-term capital gains) or a short-term capital gain dividend subject to withholding at the 30% or lower treaty withholding rate.
These rules apply to dividends with respect to the Fund’s taxable years beginning before January 1, 2010, except that after this date, Fund distributions from a U.S. qualified REIT (whether or not domestically controlled) attributable to FIRPTA gain will continue to be subject to the withholding rules described above provided the Fund would otherwise be classified as a qualified investment entity.
Because the Fund expects to invest less than 50% of its assets at all times, directly or indirectly, in U.S. real property interests, it expects that neither gain on the sale or redemption of Fund shares nor Fund dividends and distributions should be subject to FIRPTA reporting and tax withholding.
Other Tax Information This discussion of “Distributions and Taxes” is not written to provide you with tax advice, and does not purport to deal with all of the tax consequences that may be applicable to your investment in the Fund. You should consult your tax advisor regarding your particular circumstances before making an investment in the Fund, or about the federal, state, local and foreign tax consequences of your investment in the Fund.
Organization, Voting Rights and Principal Holders
The Biotechnology Fund is a nondiversified series of Franklin Strategic Series (the Trust), and Natural Resources Fund is diversified series of the Trust, an open-end management investment company, commonly called a mutual fund. The Trust was organized as a Delaware statutory trust (a form of entity formerly known as a business trust) on January 25, 1991, and is registered with the SEC.
Biotechnology Fund currently offers two classes of shares, Class A and Advisor Class. Natural Resources Fund currently offers three classes of shares, Class A, Class C and Advisor Class. The Biotechnology Fund began offering Advisor Class Shares on September 1, 2009. The Funds may offer additional classes of shares in the future. The full title of each class of each Fund is:
Shares of each class represent proportionate interests in the Fund's assets. On matters that affect the Fund as a whole, each class has the same voting and other rights and preferences as any other class. On matters that affect only one class, only shareholders of that class may vote. Each class votes separately on matters affecting only that class, or expressly required to be voted on separately by state or federal law. Shares of each class of a series have the same voting and other rights and preferences as the other classes and series of the Trust for matters that affect the Trust as a whole. Additional series may be offered in the future.
The Trust has noncumulative voting rights. For board member elections, this gives holders of more than 50% of the shares voting the ability to elect all of the members of the board. If this happens, holders of the remaining shares voting will not be able to elect anyone to the board.
The Trust does not intend to hold annual shareholder meetings. The Trust or a series of the Trust may hold special meetings, however, for matters requiring shareholder approval.
As of August 1, 2009, the principal shareholders of the Fund, beneficial or of record, were:
Name and Address | Share Class |
Percentage
(%) |
Natural Resources Fund | ||
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Conservative Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 17.81 |
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Growth Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 29.97 |
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator
Moderate Target Fund 3344 Quality Drive Rancho Cordova, CA 95670-7313 |
Advisor | 34.91 |
From time to time, the number of Fund shares held in the "street name" accounts of various securities dealers for the benefit of their clients or in centralized securities depositories may exceed 5% of the total shares outstanding. To the best knowledge of the Biotechnology Fund, no other person holds beneficially or of record more than 5% of the outstanding shares of any class.
As of August 3, 2009, the officers and board members, as a group, owned of record and beneficially less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each class. The board members may own shares in other funds in Franklin Templeton Investments.The Fund continuously offers its shares through securities dealers who have an agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors). A securities dealer includes any financial institution that, either directly or through affiliates, has an agreement with Distributors to handle customer orders and accounts with the Fund. This reference is for convenience only and does not indicate a legal conclusion of capacity. Banks and financial institutions that sell shares of the Fund may be required by state law to register as securities dealers. If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, you may be charged a transaction processing fee by your securities dealer. Your securities dealer will provide you with specific information about any transaction processing fees you will be charged.
For investors outside the U.S., the offering of Fund shares may be limited in many jurisdictions. An investor who wishes to buy shares of the Fund should determine, or have a broker-dealer determine, the applicable laws and regulations of the relevant jurisdiction. Investors are responsible for compliance with tax, currency exchange or other regulations applicable to redemption and purchase transactions in any jurisdiction to which they may be subject. Investors should consult appropriate tax and legal advisors to obtain information on the rules applicable to these transactions.
All checks, drafts, wires and other payment mediums used to buy or sell shares of the Fund must be denominated in U.S. dollars. We may, in our sole discretion, either (a) reject any order to buy or sell shares denominated in any other currency or (b) honor the transaction or make adjustments to your account for the transaction as of a date and with a foreign currency exchange factor determined by the drawee bank. We may deduct any applicable banking charges imposed by the bank from your account.
When you buy shares, if you submit a check or a draft that is returned unpaid to the Fund we may impose a $10 charge against your account for each returned item.
If you buy shares through the reinvestment of dividends, the shares will be purchased at the net asset value determined on the business day following the dividend record date (sometimes known as the "ex-dividend date"). The processing date for the reinvestment of dividends may vary and does not affect the amount or value of the shares acquired.
Investment by asset allocators The Fund permits investment in the Fund by certain asset allocators (Asset Allocators) who represent underlying clients that have granted a power of attorney to the Asset Allocators to invest on their behalf. The Asset Allocators typically make asset allocation decisions across similarly situated underlying accounts that are invested in the Fund. As a result of adjustments in such asset allocation decisions, the Fund may experience relatively large purchases and redemptions when the Asset Allocators implement their asset allocation adjustment decisions. The Fund, based on monitoring of the trading activity of such Asset Allocator accounts, reserves the right to treat such Asset Allocators as market timers. In such circumstances, the Fund may restrict or reject trading activity by Asset Allocators if, in the judgment of the Fund’s manager or transfer agent, such trading may interfere with the efficient management of the Fund’s portfolio, may materially increase the Fund’s transaction costs or taxes, or may otherwise be detrimental to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Neither the Fund, nor its investment manager nor any other affiliated party receives any compensation or other consideration in return for permitting Fund investments by Asset Allocators.
Initial sales charges The maximum initial sales charge is 5.75% for Class A. There is no initial sales charge for Class C and Advisor Class.
The initial sales charge for Class A shares may be reduced for certain large purchases, as described in the prospectus. We offer several ways for you to combine your purchases in Franklin Templeton funds to take advantage of the lower sales charges for large purchases.
Letter of intent (LOI). You may buy Class A shares at a reduced sales charge by completing the LOI section of your account application. An LOI is a commitment by you to invest a specified dollar amount during a 13-month period. The amount you agree to invest determines the sales charge you pay. By completing the LOI section of the application, you acknowledge and agree to the following:
After you file your LOI with the Fund, you may buy Class A shares at the sales charge applicable to the amount specified in your LOI. Sales charge reductions based on purchases in more than one Franklin Templeton fund will be effective only after notification to Distributors that the investment qualifies for a discount. If you file your LOI with the Fund before a change in the Fund's sales charge, you may complete the LOI at the lower of the new sales charge or the sales charge in effect when the LOI was filed.
Your holdings in Franklin Templeton funds acquired before you filed your LOI will be counted towards the completion of the LOI.
If the terms of your LOI are met, the reserved shares will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct.
If the amount of your total purchases is less than the amount specified in your LOI, the sales charge will be adjusted upward, depending on the actual amount purchased during the period. You will need to send Distributors an amount equal to the difference in the actual dollar amount of sales charge paid and the amount of sales charge that would have applied to the total purchases if the total of the purchases had been made at one time. Upon payment of this amount, the reserved shares held for your account will be deposited to an account in your name or delivered to you or as you direct. If within 20 days after written request the difference in sales charge is not paid, we will redeem an appropriate number of reserved shares to realize the difference. If you redeem the total amount in your account before you fulfill your LOI, we will deduct the additional sales charge due from the sale proceeds and forward the balance to you.
For LOIs filed on behalf of certain retirement plans, the level and any reduction in sales charge for these plans will be based on actual plan participation and the projected investments in Franklin Templeton funds under the LOI. These plans are not subject to the requirement to reserve 5% of the total intended purchase or to the policy on upward adjustments in sales charges described above, or to any penalty as a result of the early termination of a plan.
Waivers for investments from certain payments. Class A shares may be purchased without an initial sales charge or contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) by investors who reinvest within 90 days:
If you paid a CDSC when you redeemed your Class A shares from a Franklin Templeton Investment Fund, a new CDSC will apply to your purchase of Fund shares and the CDSC holding period will begin again. We will, however, credit your Fund account with additional shares based on the CDSC you previously paid and the amount of the redemption proceeds that you reinvest.
If you immediately placed your redemption proceeds in a Franklin Templeton money fund, you may reinvest them as described above. The proceeds must be reinvested within 90 days from the date they are redeemed from the money fund.
Waivers for certain investors. The following investors or investments may qualify to buy Class A shares without an initial sales charge or CDSC due to anticipated economies in sales efforts and expenses, including:
Class C shares may be purchased without limit or CDSC by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
Retirement plans. Provided that Franklin Templeton Investor Services is notified, Class A shares at NAV are available for:
A "Qualified Retirement Plan" is an employer sponsored pension or profit sharing plan that qualifies under section 401(a) of the Internal Revenue Code, including 401(k), money purchase pension, profit sharing and defined benefit plans.
An "Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan" is a Qualified Retirement Plan, ERISA covered 403(b) and certain non-qualified deferred compensation arrangements that operate in a similar manner to a Qualified Retirement Plan, such as 457 plans and executive deferred compensation arrangements, but not including employer sponsored IRAs.
A "Former DCS Plan" is an Employer Sponsored Retirement Plan that transferred participant level recordkeeping from the DCS Division of Franklin Templeton Investor Services, LLC to Great-West Retirement Services ® (GWRS) on November 2, 2007 and is a recordkeeping client of GWRS at the time of the rollover.
Sales in Taiwan. Under agreements with certain banks in Taiwan, Republic of China, the Fund's shares are available to these banks' trust accounts without a sales charge. The banks may charge service fees to their customers who participate in the trusts. A portion of these service fees may be paid to Distributors or one of its affiliates to help defray expenses of maintaining a service office in Taiwan, including expenses related to local literature fulfillment and communication facilities.
The Fund's Class A shares may be offered to investors in Taiwan through securities advisory firms known locally as Securities Investment Consulting Enterprises. In conformity with local business practices in Taiwan, Class A shares may be offered with the following schedule of sales charges:
Dealer and financial intermediary compensation Securities dealers may at times receive the entire sales charge. A securities dealer who receives 90% or more of the sales charge may be deemed an underwriter under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. Financial institutions or their affiliated brokers may receive an agency transaction fee in the percentages indicated in the dealer compensation table in the Fund's prospectus.
Distributors may pay the following commissions to securities dealers who initiate and are responsible for purchases of Class A shares of $1 million or more: 1% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge of 5.75%) and 0.75% (for funds with a maximum initial sales charge less than 5.75%) on sales of $1 million or more but less than $4 million, plus 0.50% on sales of $4 million or more but less than $50 million, plus 0.25% on sales of $50 million or more. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Class A Rule 12b-1 distribution plan, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of these commission payments.
These payments may be made in the form of contingent advance payments, which may be recovered from the securities dealer or set off against other payments due to the dealer if shares are sold within 18 months of the calendar month of purchase. Other conditions may apply. Other terms and conditions may be imposed by an agreement between Distributors, or one of its affiliates, and the securities dealer.
In addition to the sales charge payments described above and the distribution and service (12b-1) fees described below under "The Underwriter - Distribution and service (12b-1) fees," Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may make the following additional payments to securities dealers that sell shares of Franklin Templeton funds:
Marketing support payments. Distributors may make payments to certain dealers who are holders or dealers of record for accounts in one or more of the Franklin Templeton funds. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. A dealer's marketing support services may include business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on the dealer's list of offered funds, and access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of the dealer. Distributors compensates dealers differently depending upon, among other factors, sales and assets levels, redemption rates and the level and/or type of marketing and educational activities provided by the dealer. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
In the case of any one dealer, marketing support payments will not exceed the sum of 0.08% of that dealer's current year's total sales of Franklin Templeton mutual funds and 0.05% (or 0.03%) of the total assets respectively, of equity or fixed income funds attributable to that dealer, on an annual basis. Any current year sales to, or assets held on behalf of, Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans for which payment is made to a financial intermediary pursuant to the following paragraph will be excluded from the calculation of marketing support payments pursuant to this paragraph.
Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates may also make marketing support payments to financial intermediaries in connection with their activities that are intended to assist in the sale of shares of Franklin Templeton funds, directly or indirectly, to certain Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans that have retained such financial intermediaries as plan service providers. Consistent with the provisions and limitations set forth in its Rule 12b-1 distribution plans, the Fund may reimburse Distributors for the cost of a portion of these marketing support payments. Payments may be made on account of activities that may include, but are not limited to, one or more of the following: business planning assistance for financial intermediary personnel, educating financial intermediary personnel about the Franklin Templeton funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives, wholesalers, and management representatives of the financial intermediary, and detailed sales reporting. A financial intermediary may perform the services itself or may arrange with a third party to perform the services. In the case of any one financial intermediary, such payments will not exceed 0.10% of the total assets of Franklin Templeton equity or fixed income mutual funds held, directly or indirectly, by such Employer Sponsored Retirement Plans, on an annual basis. Distributors will, on an annual basis, determine whether to continue such payments.
Marketing support payments may be in addition to any servicing fees paid by Investor Services and reimbursed by the Fund, as described further under “Shareholder servicing and transfer agent” above.
As noted below, Distributors may make additional payments to dealers, including dealers not listed below, related to ticket charges and various dealer-sponsored events intended to educate financial advisors and their clients about the Franklin Templeton funds. The following is a list of FINRA member broker-dealers (including their respective affiliates) receiving marketing support payments as of March 31, 2009. In addition to member firms of FINRA, Distributors and/or its non-fund affiliates also makes marketing support and/or administrative services payments to certain other financial intermediaries that sell fund shares or provide services to Franklin Templeton funds and shareholders, such as banks, insurance companies, and plan administrators. These firms are not included in this list. You should ask your financial intermediary if it receives such payments.
American Portfolios Financial Services, Inc., Ameriprise Financial Services, Inc., Associated Securities Corp., AXA Advisors, LLC, Banc of America Investment Services, Inc., Cadaret Grant & Co., Inc., Cambridge Investment Research Inc., Capital Brokerage Corporation, CCO Investment Services Corp., Chase Investment Services Corp., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., Commerce Brokerage Services, Inc., Compass Brokerage, Inc., CUNA Brokerage Services, Inc., CUSO Financial Services, L.P., Edward Jones, Fidelity Investments Institutional Services Company, Inc., Fifth Third Securities, Inc., Financial Network Investment Corporation, First Command Financial Planning, Inc., FSC Securities Corporation, Genworth Financial Securities Corp., Hornor, Townsend & Kent, Inc., IFC Holdings Inc. D/B/A INVEST Financial Corporation, ING Financial Partners, Inc., Investment Centers of America, Inc., J.J.B. Hilliard, W.L. Lyons, Inc., John Hancock Distributors LLC, Legend Equities Corporation, Lincoln Financial Advisors Corporation, Lincoln Financial Securities Corporation, Lincoln Investment Planning, Inc., LPL Financial Corporation, M&T Securities Inc., Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith, Inc., Morgan Stanley & Co., Incorporated, Multi-Financial Securities Corporation, Mutual Service Corporation, NatCity Investments, Inc., National Planning Corporation, PFS Investments, Inc., PrimeVest Financial Services, Inc., Raymond James & Associates, Inc., Raymond James Financial Services, Inc., RBC Capital Markets Corporation, Richard D. Schubert, Inc., Robert W. Baird & Co., Inc., Royal Alliance Associates, Inc., SagePoint Financial, Inc., Securities America, Inc., Signator Investors, Inc., SII Investments, Inc., Sorrento Pacific Financial, LLC, SunTrust Investment Services, Inc., TFS Securities, Inc., The Investment Center, Inc., UBS Financial Services, Inc., UBS Global Asset Management (US) Inc., UnionBanc Investment Services, LLC, U.S. Bancorp Investments, Inc., UVEST Financial Services Group, Inc., Wachovia Securities, LLC, Waterstone Financial Group, Inc., WaMu Investments, Inc., and Wells Fargo Investments, LLC.
Marketing support payments made to organizations located outside the U.S., with respect to investments in the Fund by non-U.S. persons, may exceed the above-stated limitation.
Transaction support payments. The types of payments that Distributors may make under this category include, among others, payment of ticket charges of up to $20 per purchase or exchange order placed by a dealer or one time payments for ancillary services such as setting up funds on a dealer's mutual fund trading system.
Other payments. From time to time, Distributors, at its expense, may make additional payments to dealers that sell or arrange for the sale of shares of the Fund. Such compensation may include financial assistance to dealers that enable Distributors to participate in and/or present at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events, co-operative advertising, newsletters, and other dealer-sponsored events. These payments may vary depending upon the nature of the event, and can include travel expenses, such as lodging incurred by registered representatives and other employees in connection with training and educational meetings, client prospecting and due diligence trips.
Distributors routinely sponsors due diligence meetings for registered representatives during which they receive updates on various Franklin Templeton funds and are afforded the opportunity to speak with portfolio managers. Invitation to these meetings is not conditioned on selling a specific number of shares. Those who have shown an interest in Franklin Templeton funds, however, are more likely to be considered. To the extent permitted by their firm's policies and procedures, registered representatives' expenses in attending these meetings may be covered by Distributors.
Other compensation may be offered to the extent not prohibited by federal or state laws or any self-regulatory agency, such as FINRA. Distributors makes payments for events it deems appropriate, subject to Distributors' guidelines and applicable law.
You should ask your dealer for information about any payments it receives from Distributors and any services provided.
Contingent deferred sales charge (CDSC) - Class A and C If you invest any amount in Class C shares or $1 million or more in Class A shares, either as a lump sum or through our cumulative quantity discount or letter of intent programs, a CDSC may apply on any Class A shares you sell within 18 months and any Class C shares you sell within 12 months of purchase. The CDSC is 1% for Class C and 0.75% for Class A of the value of the shares sold or the net asset value at the time of purchase, whichever is less.
CDSC waivers. The CDSC for any share class generally will be waived for:
Exchange privilege If you request the exchange of the total value of your account, declared but unpaid income dividends and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the Fund and exchanged into the new fund at net asset value when paid. Backup withholding and information reporting may apply.
If a substantial number of shareholders should, within a short period, sell their Fund shares under the exchange privilege, the Fund might have to sell portfolio securities it might otherwise hold and incur the additional costs related to such transactions. On the other hand, increased use of the exchange privilege may result in periodic large inflows of money. If this occurs, it is the Fund's general policy to initially invest this money in short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments, unless it is believed that attractive investment opportunities consistent with the Fund's investment goals exist immediately. This money will then be withdrawn from the short-term, interest-bearing money market instruments and invested in portfolio securities in as orderly a manner as is possible when attractive investment opportunities arise.
The proceeds from the sale of shares of an investment company generally are not available until the seventh day following the sale. The funds you are seeking to exchange into may delay issuing shares pursuant to an exchange until that seventh day. The sale of Fund shares to complete an exchange will be effected at net asset value at the close of business on the day the request for exchange is received in proper form.
Systematic withdrawal plan Our systematic withdrawal plan allows you to sell your shares and receive regular payments from your account on a monthly, quarterly, semiannual or annual basis. The value of your account must be at least $5,000 and the minimum payment amount for each withdrawal must be at least $50. For retirement plans subject to mandatory distribution requirements, the $50 minimum will not apply. There are no service charges for establishing or maintaining a systematic withdrawal plan.
Each month in which a payment is scheduled, we will redeem an equivalent amount of shares in your account on the day of the month you have indicated on your account application or, if no day is indicated, on the 20th day of the month. If that day falls on a weekend or holiday, we will process the redemption on the next business day. For plans set up before June 1, 2000, we will continue to process redemptions on the 25th day of the month (or the next business day) unless you instruct us to change the processing date. Available processing dates currently are the 1st, 5th, 10th, 15th, 20th and 25th days of the month. When you sell your shares under a systematic withdrawal plan, it is a taxable transaction.
To avoid paying sales charges on money you plan to withdraw within a short period of time, you may not want to set up a systematic withdrawal plan if you plan to buy shares on a regular basis. Shares sold under the plan also may be subject to a CDSC.
Redeeming shares through a systematic withdrawal plan may reduce or exhaust the shares in your account if payments exceed distributions received from the Fund. This is especially likely to occur if there is a market decline. If a withdrawal amount exceeds the value of your account, your account will be closed and the remaining balance in your account will be sent to you. Because the amount withdrawn under the plan may be more than your actual yield or income, part of the payment may be a return of your investment.
To discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan, change the amount and schedule of withdrawal payments, or suspend one payment, we must receive instructions from you at least three business days before a scheduled payment. The Fund may discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan by notifying you in writing and will discontinue a systematic withdrawal plan automatically if all shares in your account are withdrawn, if the Fund receives notification of the shareholder's death or incapacity, or if mail is returned to the Fund marked “unable to forward” by the postal service.
Redemptions in kind The Fund has committed itself to pay in cash (by check) all requests for redemption by any shareholder of record, limited in amount, however, during any 90-day period to the lesser of $250,000 or 1% of the value of the Fund's net assets at the beginning of the 90-day period. This commitment is irrevocable without the prior approval of the SEC. In the case of redemption requests in excess of these amounts, the board reserves the right to make payments in whole or in part in securities or other assets of the Fund, in case of an emergency, or if the payment of such a redemption in cash would be detrimental to the existing shareholders of the Fund. In these circumstances, the securities distributed would be valued at the price used to compute the Fund's net assets and you may incur brokerage fees in converting the securities to cash. The Fund does not intend to redeem illiquid securities in kind. If this happens, however, you may not be able to recover your investment in a timely manner.
Share certificates We will credit your shares to your Fund account. We do not issue share certificates unless you specifically request them. This eliminates the costly problem of replacing lost, stolen or destroyed certificates. If a certificate is lost, stolen or destroyed, you may have to pay an insurance premium of up to 2% of the value of the certificate to replace it.
Any outstanding share certificates must be returned to the Fund if you want to sell or exchange those shares or if you would like to start a systematic withdrawal plan. The certificates should be properly endorsed. You can do this either by signing the back of the certificate or by completing a share assignment form. For your protection, you may prefer to complete a share assignment form and to send the certificate and assignment form in separate envelopes.
General information If dividend checks are returned to the Fund marked "unable to forward" by the postal service, we will consider this a request by you to change your dividend option to reinvest all distributions. The proceeds will be reinvested in additional shares at net asset value until we receive new instructions.
Distribution or redemption checks sent to you do not earn interest or any other income during the time the checks remain uncashed. Neither the Fund nor its affiliates will be liable for any loss caused by your failure to cash such checks. The Fund is not responsible for tracking down uncashed checks, unless a check is returned as undeliverable.
In most cases, if mail is returned as undeliverable we are required to take certain steps to try to find you free of charge. If these attempts are unsuccessful, however, we may deduct the costs of any additional efforts to find you from your account. These costs may include a percentage of the account when a search company charges a percentage fee in exchange for its location services.
Sending redemption proceeds by wire or electronic funds transfer (ACH) is a special service that we make available whenever possible. By offering this service to you, the Fund is not bound to meet any redemption request in less than the seven-day period prescribed by law. Neither the Fund nor its agents shall be liable to you or any other person if, for any reason, a redemption request by wire or ACH is not processed as described in the prospectus.
There are special procedures for banks and other institutions that wish to open multiple accounts. An institution may open a single master account by filing one application form with the Fund, signed by personnel authorized to act for the institution. Individual sub-accounts may be opened when the master account is opened by listing them on the application, or by providing instructions to the Fund at a later date. These sub-accounts may be registered either by name or number. The Fund's investment minimums apply to each sub-account. The Fund will send confirmation and account statements for the sub-accounts to the institution.
If you buy or sell shares through your securities dealer, we use the net asset value next calculated after your securities dealer receives your request, which is promptly transmitted to the Fund. If you sell shares through your securities dealer, it is your dealer's responsibility to transmit the order to the Fund in a timely fashion. Your redemption proceeds will not earn interest between the time we receive the order from your dealer and the time we receive any required documents. Any loss to you resulting from your dealer's failure to transmit your redemption order to the Fund in a timely fashion must be settled between you and your securities dealer.
Certain shareholder servicing agents may be authorized to accept your transaction request.
For institutional and bank trust accounts, there may be additional methods of buying or selling Fund shares than those described in this SAI or in the prospectus. Institutional and bank trust accounts include accounts opened by or in the name of a person (includes a legal entity or an individual) that has signed an Institutional Account Application or Bank Trust Account Application accepted by Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC or entered into a selling agreement and/or servicing agreement with Distributors or Investor Services. For example, the Fund permits the owner of an institutional account to make a same day wire purchase if a good order purchase request is received (a) before the close of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) or (b) through the National Securities Clearing Corporation’s automated system for processing purchase orders (Fund/SERV), even though funds are delivered by wire after the close of the NYSE. If funds to be wired are not received as scheduled, the purchase order may be cancelled or reversed and the institutional account owner could be liable for any losses or fees the Fund, Distributors and/or Investor Services may incur.
In the event of disputes involving conflicting claims of ownership or authority to control your shares, the Fund has the right (but has no obligation) to: (i) restrict the shares and require the written agreement of all persons deemed by the Fund to have a potential interest in the shares before executing instructions regarding the shares; or (ii) interplead disputed shares or the proceeds from the court-ordered sale thereof with a court of competent jurisdiction.
Should the Fund be required to defend against joint or multiple shareholders in any action relating to an ownership dispute, you expressly grant the Fund the right to obtain reimbursement for costs and expenses including, but not limited to, attorneys’ fees and court costs, by unilaterally redeeming shares from your account.
The Fund may be required (i) pursuant to a validly issued levy, to turn your shares over to a levying officer who may, in turn, sell your shares at a public sale; or (ii) pursuant to a final order of forfeiture to sell your shares and remit the proceeds to the U.S. or state government as directed.
Clients of financial advisors whose firms have a Selling Agreement with Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc., and who are eligible for the Financial Advisor Service Team (FAST) may be eligible for Franklin Templeton VIP Services ® which offers enhanced service and transaction capabilities. Please contact Shareholder Services at (800) 632-2301 for additional information on this program.
Franklin Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors) acts as the principal underwriter in the continuous public offering of the Fund's shares. Distributors is located at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo, CA 94403-1906.
Distributors pays the expenses of the distribution of Fund shares, including advertising expenses and the costs of printing sales material and prospectuses used to offer shares to the public. The Fund pays the expenses of preparing and printing amendments to its registration statements and prospectuses (other than those necessitated by the activities of Distributors) and of sending prospectuses to existing shareholders.
Distributors does not receive compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter of the Fund's Advisor Class shares.
The table below shows the aggregate underwriting commissions Distributors received in connection with the offering of the Fund's Class A and C shares, the net underwriting discounts and commissions Distributors retained after allowances to dealers, and the amounts Distributors received in connection with redemptions or repurchases of shares for the last three fiscal years ended April 30:
Total
Commissions Received ($) |
Amount
Retained by Distributors ($) |
Amount
Received in Connection with Redemptions and Repurchases ($) |
|
2009 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 588,974 | 89,583 | 8,654 |
Natural Resources Fund | 3,306,957 | 517,771 | 71,288 |
2008 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 361,116 | 56,316 | 2,086 |
Natural Resources Fund | 4,457,641 | 722,034 | 39,493 |
2007 | |||
Biotechnology Fund | 584,756 | 89,988 | 529 |
Natural Resources Fund | 2,610,220 | 418,503 | 45,749 |
Distributors may be entitled to payments from the Fund under the Rule 12b-1 plans, as discussed below. Except as noted, Distributors received no other compensation from the Fund for acting as underwriter.
Distribution and service (12b-1) fees - Class A and C The board has adopted a separate plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 for each class. Although the plans differ in some ways for each class, each plan is designed to benefit the Fund and its shareholders. The plans are expected to, among other things, increase advertising of the Fund, encourage purchases of Fund shares and service to its shareholders, and increase or maintain assets of the Fund so that certain fixed expenses may be spread over a broader asset base, with a positive impact on per share expense ratios. In addition, a positive cash flow into the Fund is useful in managing the Fund because the manager has more flexibility in taking advantage of new investment opportunities and handling shareholder redemptions.
Under each plan, the Fund pays Distributors or others for the expenses of activities that are primarily intended to sell shares of the class. These expenses also may include service fees paid to securities dealers or others who have executed a servicing agreement with the Fund, Distributors or its affiliates and who provide service or account maintenance to shareholders (service fees); and the expenses of printing prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, of marketing support and of preparing and distributing sales literature and advertisements. Together, these expenses, including the service fees, are "eligible expenses." The 12b-1 fees charged to each class are based only on the fees attributable to that particular class.
Beginning at the time of purchase, Distributors may pay the full 12b-1 fee to qualified financial advisor firms for shares purchased by the Franklin Templeton Charitable Giving Fund.
The Class A and C plans. The Fund may pay up to 0.35% per year of Class A’s average daily net assets. Of this amount, the Fund may pay up to 0.35% to Distributors or others, out of which Distributors generally will retain 0.10% for distribution expenses. Effective February 1, 2009, the board of trustees has set, until further notice, the Class A distribution and service fees paid by the Fund to Distributors at 0.30% per year of Class A's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees).
The Fund pays Distributors up to 1% per year of Class C's average daily net assets, out of which 0.25% may be paid for services to the shareholders (service fees). The Class C plan also may be used to pay Distributors for advancing commissions to securities dealers with respect to the initial sale of C shares. Resources owns a minority interest in one of the third party financing entities.
The Class A plan is a reimbursement plan. It allows the Fund to reimburse Distributors for eligible expenses that Distributors has shown it has incurred. The Fund will not reimburse more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
The Class C plan is a compensation plan. It allows the Fund to pay a fee to Distributors that may be more than the eligible expenses Distributors has incurred at the time of the payment. Distributors must, however, demonstrate to the board that it has spent or has near-term plans to spend the amount received on eligible expenses. The Fund will not pay more than the maximum amount allowed under the plan.
For the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the Class A plan were:
Biotechnology
($) |
Natural
Resources ($) |
|
Advertising | 7,447 | 12,983 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current shareholders | 9,426 | 14,199 |
Payments to underwriters | 28,511 | 65,553 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 748,862 | 1,319,994 |
Other | — | — |
Total | 794,246 | 1,412,729 |
Under the Class C plan, the amounts paid by the Fund pursuant to the plan for the fiscal year ended April 30, 2009, were:
Natural
Resources ($) |
|
Advertising | 1,641 |
Printing and mailing prospectuses other than to current Shareholders | 1,654 |
Payments to underwriters | 9,290 |
Payments to broker-dealers | 650,677 |
Other | — |
Total | 663,262 |
In addition to the payments that Distributors or others are entitled to under each plan, each plan also provides that to the extent the Fund, the manager or Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of Fund shares within the context of Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the plan.
To the extent fees are for distribution or marketing functions, as distinguished from administrative servicing or agency transactions, certain banks may not participate in the plan because of applicable federal law prohibiting certain banks from engaging in the distribution of mutual fund shares. These banks, however, are allowed to receive fees under the plan for administrative servicing or for agency transactions.
Distributors must provide written reports to the board at least quarterly on the amounts and purpose of any payment made under the plans and any related agreements, and furnish the board with such other information as the board may reasonably request to enable it to make an informed determination of whether the plans should be continued.
Each plan has been approved according to the provisions of Rule 12b-1. The terms and provisions of each plan also are consistent with Rule 12b-1.
Performance quotations are subject to SEC rules. These rules require the use of standardized performance quotations or, alternatively, that every non-standardized performance quotation furnished by the Fund be accompanied by certain standardized performance information computed as required by the SEC. Average annual total return before taxes, average annual total return after taxes on distributions and average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of shares quotations used by the Fund are based on the standardized methods of computing performance mandated by the SEC. An explanation of these and other methods used by the Fund to compute or express performance follows. Regardless of the method used, past performance does not guarantee future results, and is an indication of the return to shareholders only for the limited historical period used.
Average annual total return before taxes Average annual total return before taxes is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
When considering the average annual total return before taxes quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return
n = number of years
ERV = ending redeemable value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions Average annual total return after taxes on distributions is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions, less the taxes due on such distributions, are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, but assumes that the redemption itself had no tax consequences. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (pre-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions)
n = number of years
ATV D = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions but not after taxes on redemption
Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares Average annual total return after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares is determined by finding the average annual rates of return over certain periods that would equate an initial hypothetical $1,000 investment to its ending redeemable value, after taxes on distributions and sale of fund shares. The calculation assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, and income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value. The quotation assumes the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees, including taxes upon sale of fund shares. If a change is made to the sales charge structure, historical performance information will be restated to reflect the maximum initial sales charge currently in effect.
Taxes due on distributions are calculated by applying the highest individual marginal federal income tax rates in effect on the reinvestment date, using the rates that correspond to the tax character of each component of the distributions (e.g., the ordinary income rate for distributions of ordinary income and net short-term capital gains, and the long-term capital gain rate for distributions of net long-term capital gains). The taxable amount and tax character of a distribution may be adjusted to reflect any recharacterization of the distribution since its original date. Distributions are adjusted to reflect the federal tax impact the distribution would have on an individual taxpayer on the reinvestment date; for example, no taxes are assumed to be due on the portion of any distribution that would not result in federal income tax on an individual (e.g., tax-exempt interest or non-taxable returns of capital). The effect of applicable tax credits, such as the foreign tax credit, is taken into account in accordance with federal tax law. Any potential tax liabilities other than federal tax liabilities (e.g., state and local taxes) are disregarded, as are the effects of phaseouts of certain exemptions, deductions, and credits at various income levels, and the impact of the federal alternative minimum tax. Any redemptions of shares required to pay recurring fees charged to shareholder accounts are assumed to result in no additional taxes or tax credits.
The capital gain or loss upon redemption is calculated by subtracting the tax basis from the redemption proceeds, after deducting any nonrecurring charges assessed at the end of the period, subtracting capital gains taxes resulting from the redemption, or adding the tax benefit from capital losses resulting from the redemption. In determining the basis for a reinvested distribution, the distribution is included net of taxes assumed paid from the distribution, but not net of any sales loads imposed upon reinvestment. Tax basis is adjusted for any distributions representing returns of capital and any other tax basis adjustments that would apply to an individual taxpayer, as permitted by applicable federal law. The amount and character (e.g., short-term or long-term) of capital gain or loss upon redemption are separately determined for shares acquired through the initial investment and each subsequent purchase through reinvested distributions. Shares acquired through reinvestment of distributions are not assumed to have the same holding period as the initial investment. The tax character of such reinvestments is determined by the length of the period between reinvestment and the end of the measurement period in the case of reinvested distributions. Capital gains taxes (or the benefit resulting from tax losses) are calculated using the highest federal individual capital gains tax rate for gains of the appropriate character in effect on the redemption date and in accordance with federal law applicable on the redemption date. Shareholders are assumed to have sufficient capital gains of the same character from other investments to offset any capital losses from the redemption, so that the taxpayer may deduct the capital losses in full.
The Fund’s sales literature and advertising commonly refer to this calculation as the Fund’s after-tax average annual total return (post-liquidation). When considering the average annual total return after taxes on distributions quotations for Class A shares, you should keep in mind that the maximum initial sales charge reflected in each quotation is a one-time fee charged on all direct purchases, which will have its greatest impact during the early stages of your investment. This charge will affect actual performance less the longer you retain your investment in the Fund.
The following SEC formula is used to calculate these figures:
where:
P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000
T = average annual total return (after taxes on distributions and redemptions)
n = number of years
ATV DR = ending value of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of each period at the end of each period, after taxes on fund distributions and redemption
Cumulative total return Like average annual total return, cumulative total return assumes that the maximum initial sales charge, if applicable, is deducted from the initial $1,000 purchase, income dividends and capital gain distributions are reinvested at net asset value, the account was completely redeemed at the end of each period and the deduction of all applicable charges and fees. Cumulative total return, however, is based on the actual return for a specified period rather than on the average return.
Volatility Occasionally statistics may be used to show the Fund's volatility or risk. Measures of volatility or risk are generally used to compare the Fund's net asset value or performance to a market index. One measure of volatility is beta. Beta is the volatility of a fund relative to the total market, as represented by an index considered representative of the types of securities in which the fund invests. A beta of more than 1.00 indicates volatility greater than the market and a beta of less than 1.00 indicates volatility less than the market. Another measure of volatility or risk is standard deviation. Standard deviation is used to measure variability of net asset value or total return around an average over a specified period of time. The idea is that greater volatility means greater risk undertaken in achieving performance.
Other performance quotations The Fund also may quote the performance of Class A shares without a sales charge. Sales literature and advertising may quote a cumulative total return, average annual total return and other measures of performance with the substitution of net asset value for the public offering price.
Sales literature referring to the use of the Fund as a potential investment for IRAs, business retirement plans, and other tax-advantaged retirement plans may quote a total return based upon compounding of dividends on which it is presumed no federal income tax applies.
The Fund may include in its advertising or sales material information relating to investment goals and performance results of funds belonging to Franklin Templeton Investments. Resources is the parent company of the advisors and underwriter of Franklin Templeton funds.
The Fund may help you achieve various investment goals such as accumulating money for retirement, saving for a down payment on a home, college costs and other long-term goals. The Franklin College Savings Planner may help you in determining how much money must be invested on a monthly basis to have a projected amount available in the future to fund a child's college education. (Projected college cost estimates are based upon current costs published by the College Board.) The Franklin Retirement Savings Planner leads you through the steps to start a retirement savings program. Of course, an investment in the Fund cannot guarantee that these goals will be met.
The Fund is a member of Franklin Templeton Investments, one of the largest mutual fund organizations in the U.S., and may be considered in a program for diversification of assets. Founded in 1947, Franklin is one of the oldest mutual fund organizations and now services over 4 million shareholder accounts. In 1992, Franklin, a leader in managing fixed-income mutual funds and an innovator in creating domestic equity funds, joined forces with Templeton, a pioneer in international investing. The Mutual Series team, known for its value-driven approach to domestic equity investing, became part of the organization four years later. In 2001, the Fiduciary Trust team, known for providing global investment management to institutions and high net worth clients worldwide, joined the organization. Together, Franklin Templeton Investments has over $482 billion in assets under management for more than 6 million U.S. based mutual fund shareholder and other accounts. Franklin Templeton Investments offers 109 U.S. based open-end investment companies to the public. The Fund may identify itself by its Nasdaq symbol or CUSIP number.
Currently, there are more mutual funds than there are stocks listed on the NYSE. While many of them have similar investment goals, no two are exactly alike. Shares of the Fund are generally sold through securities dealers, whose investment representatives are experienced professionals who can offer advice on the type of investments suitable to your unique goals and needs, as well as the risks associated with such investments.
Corporate Obligation Ratings
Moody's
INVESTMENT GRADE
Aaa: Bonds rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
Aa: Bonds rated Aa are judged to be high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
A: Bonds rated A are considered upper medium-grade obligations and are subject to low credit risk.
Baa: Bonds rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk and are considered medium-grade obligations. As such they may have certain speculative characteristics.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
Ba: Bonds rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
B: Bonds rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
Caa: Bonds rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
Ca: Bonds rated Ca are considered highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
C: Bonds rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and are typically in default. They have little prospects for recovery of principal or interest.
Note: Moody's appends numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
S&P ®
The issue rating definitions are expressions in terms of default risk. As such, they pertain to senior obligations of an entity. Junior obligations are typically rated lower than senior obligations, to reflect the lower priority in bankruptcy. (Such differentiation applies when an entity has both senior and subordinated obligations, secured and unsecured obligations, or operating company and holding company obligations.) Accordingly, in the case of junior debt, the rating may not conform exactly with the category definition.
INVESTMENT GRADE
AAA: This is the highest rating assigned by S&P to a debt obligation. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.
AA: Obligations rated AA differ from AAA issues only in a small degree. The obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A: Obligations rated A are somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in the higher ratings categories. However, the obligor's capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB: Obligations rated BBB exhibit adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
BELOW INVESTMENT GRADE
BB, B, CCC, CC, C: Obligations rated BB, B, CCC, CC and C are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest degree of speculation. While these obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: An obligation rated BB is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor's inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B: An obligation rated B is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated BB, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor's capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC: An obligation rated CCC is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC: An obligation rated CC is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.
C: A subordinated debt or preferred stock obligation rated C is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed or similar action taken, but payments on this obligation are being continued. The C rating is also assigned to a preferred stock issue in arrears on dividends or sinking fund payments, but that is still making payments.
D: Obligations rated D are in payment default. The D rating category is used when payments on an obligation are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating is also used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or minus (-): The ratings from "AA" to "CCC" may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
r: This symbol is attached to the ratings of instruments with significant noncredit risks and highlights risks to principal or volatility of expected returns that are not addressed in the credit rating.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES FILE NOS. 033-39088 & 811-06243 FORM N-1APART C OTHER INFORMATION Item 23. Exhibits. The following exhibits are incorporated by reference to the previously filed document indicated below, except as noted: (a) Agreement and Declaration of Trust (i) Agreement and Declaration of Trust of Franklin Strategic Series, a Delaware statutory trust, dated April 11, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2007 (b) By-Laws (i) By-Laws of Franklin Strategic Series, a Delaware statutory trust effective as of April 11, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2007 (c) Instruments Defining Rights of Security Holders Not Applicable (d) Investment Advisory Contracts (i) Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 (ii) Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 (iii) Amended and Restated Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 (iv) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 (v) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 (vi) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 21 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 7, 1996 (vii) Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 15, 1997 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 25 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 25, 1997 (viii) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 28, 1999 (ix) Investment Advisory Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 1, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2000 (x) Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (xi) Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (xii) Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (xiii) Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (xiv) Addendum to Investment Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund and Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (e) Underwriting Contracts (i) Amended and Restated Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated October 31, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (ii) Forms of Selling Agreements between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. and Securities Dealers dated November 1, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 47 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: May 28, 2004 (iii) Amendment dated May 15, 2006 to form of Selling Agreements between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. and Securities Dealers dated November 1, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2007 (f) Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts Not Applicable (g) Custodian Agreements (i) Master Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 14, 1996 (ii) Amendment dated May 7, 1997 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 (iii) Amendment dated February 27, 1998 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 30 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 23, 1998 (iv) Amendment dated May 16, 2001, to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No.43 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 20, 2001 (v) Amendment dated May 1, 2009 to Exhibit A of the Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 (vi) Amended and Restated Foreign Custody Manager Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon made as of May 16, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No.43 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 20, 2001 (vii) Amendment to Schedule 1 dated May 1, 2009 of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement (viii) Amendment to Schedule 2 dated May 1, 2009 of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement (ix) Terminal Link Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 19 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 14, 1996 (h) Other Material Contracts (i) Subcontract for Fund Administrative Services between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin California Growth Fund, Franklin Strategic Income Fund, Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Natural Resources Fund and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (ii) Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (iii) Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (iv) Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (v) Fund Administration Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC., dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (vi) Subcontract for Fund Administrative Services between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund, Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC dated March 1, 2008 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (vii) Special Servicing Agreement date May 1, 2009 (i) Legal Opinion (i) Opinion and consent of counsel dated March 8, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 31 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 11, 1999 (j) Other Opinions (i) Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (k) Omitted Financial Statements Not Applicable (l) Initial Capital Agreements (i) Letter of Understanding for Franklin California Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund) dated August 20, 1991 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 14 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 2, 1995 (ii) Letter of Understanding for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated June 5, 1995 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 17 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 5, 1995 (iii) Letter of Understanding for Franklin Flex- Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund)-Class C dated August 30, 1996 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 (iv) Letter of Understanding for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated September 5, 1997 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 27 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 13, 1998 (v) Letter of Understanding for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), dated June 22, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 28, 1999 (vi) Letter of Understanding for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated April 28, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2000 (m) Rule 12b-1 Plan (i) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) and Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (ii) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (iii) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (iv) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (v) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (vi) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (vii) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (viii) Class A Amended and Restated Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 (ix) Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated October 16, 1998 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 24, 1999 (x) Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated October 16, 1998 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 33 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: March 24, 1999 (xi) Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 37 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 28, 1999 (xii) Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated May 1, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 40 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2000 (xiii) Class B Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule to 12-b1 between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated July 1, 2002 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No 45 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2002 (xiv) Class C Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (xv) Class C Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly California Growth Fund), Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund) and Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 42 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2001 (xvi) Class C Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated September 1, 2005 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2006 (xvii) Class C Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (xviii) Class R Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated January 1, 2002 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 43 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 33-39088 Filing Date: December 20, 2001 (xix) Class R Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (n) Rule 18f-3 Plan (i) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated February 28, 2005 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 50 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 29, 2006 (ii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Strategic Income Fund dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 (iii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 (iv) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund dated March 16, 2004 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 (v) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 (vi) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 49 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: June 30, 2005 (vii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, dated December 13, 2007 Filing: Post-Effective Amendment No. 54 to Registration Statement on Form N-1A File No. 033-39088 Filing Date: August 27, 2008 (viii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated May 19, 2009 (p) Code of Ethics (i) Code of Ethics dated May 2009 (q) Power of Attorney (i) Power of Attorney for Franklin Strategic Series dated December 1, 2008 (ii) Power of Attorney for Franklin Strategic Series dated March 2, 2009 Item 24. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund None Item 25. Indemnification The Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust (the "Declaration") provides that any person who is or was a Trustee, officer, employee or other agent, including the underwriter, of such Trust shall be liable to the Trust and its shareholders only for (1) any act or omission that constitutes a bad faith violation of the implied contractual covenant of good faith and fair dealing, or (2) the person's own willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person (such conduct referred to herein as Disqualifying Conduct) and for nothing else. Except in these instances and to the fullest extent that limitations of liability of agents are permitted by the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (the "Delaware Act"), these Agents (as defined in the Declaration) shall not be responsible or liable for any act or omission of any other Agent of the Trust or any investment adviser or principal underwriter. Moreover, except and to the extent provided in these instances, none of these Agents, when acting in their respective capacity as such, shall be personally liable to any other person, other than such Trust or its shareholders, for any act, omission or obligation of the Trust or any trustee thereof. The Trust shall indemnify, out of its property, to the fullest extent permitted under applicable law, any of the persons who was or is a party, or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (as defined in the Declaration) because the person is or was an Agent of such Trust. These persons shall be indemnified against any Expenses (as defined in the Declaration), judgments, fines, settlements and other amounts actually and reasonably incurred in connection with the Proceeding if the person acted in good faith or, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful. The termination of any Proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not in itself create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith or that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the person's conduct was unlawful. There shall nonetheless be no indemnification for a person's own Disqualifying Conduct. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, may be permitted to Trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Trust pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Trust has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Trust of expenses incurred or paid by a Trustee, officer or controlling person of the Trust in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Trustee, officer or controlling person in connection with securities being registered, the Trust may be required, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, to submit to a court or appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue. Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser a) Franklin Advisers, Inc. (Advisers) The officers and directors of Franklin Advisers, Inc. also serve as officers and/or directors for (1) Advisers' corporate parent, Franklin Resources, Inc., and/or (2) other investment companies in Franklin Templeton Investments. For additional information please see Part B and Schedules A and D of Form ADV of Advisers (SEC File 801-26292) incorporated herein by reference, which sets forth the officers and directors of Advisers and information as to any business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by those officers and directors during the past two years. Item 27 Principal Underwriters a) Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. (Distributors), also acts as principal underwriter of shares of: Franklin California Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin California Tax-Free Trust Franklin Capital Growth Fund Franklin Custodian Funds Franklin Federal Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Global Trust Franklin Gold and Precious Metals Fund Franklin High Income Trust Franklin Investors Securities Trust Franklin Managed Trust Franklin Money Fund Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund Franklin Mutual Series Funds Franklin Municipal Securities Trust Franklin New York Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin New York Tax-Free Trust Franklin Real Estate Securities Trust Franklin Strategic Mortgage Portfolio Franklin Tax-Exempt Money Fund Franklin Tax-Free Trust Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series Franklin Templeton Global Trust Franklin Templeton International Trust Franklin Templeton Money Fund Trust Franklin Templeton Variable Insurance Products Trust Franklin Value Investors Trust Institutional Fiduciary Trust Templeton China World Fund Templeton Developing Markets Trust Templeton Funds Templeton Global Investment Trust Templeton Global Opportunities Trust Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund Templeton Growth Fund, Inc. Templeton Income Trust Templeton Institutional Funds b) The information required by this Item 27 with respect to each director and officer of Distributors is incorporated by reference to Part B of this N-1A and Schedule A of Form BD filed by Distributors with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Act of 1934 (SEC File No. 8-5889). c) Not Applicable. Registrant's principal underwriter is an affiliated person of an affiliated person of the Registrant. Item 28 Location of Accounts and Records The accounts, books or other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 are kept by the Registrant at One Franklin Parkway, San Mateo CA 94403-1906 or its shareholder services agent, Franklin Templeton Investor Services LLC both of whose address is 3344 Quality Drive, Rancho Cordova, CA 95670- 7313. Item 29 Management Services There are no management-related service contracts not discussed in Part A or Part B. Item 30 Undertakings Not Applicable SIGNATURES Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant certifies that it meets all of the requirements for effectiveness of this Registration Statement pursuant to Rule 485(b) under the Securities Act of 1933 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized in the City of San Mateo and the State of California, on the 24th day of September, 2009. Franklin Strategic Series (Registrant) *By: /s/ David P. Goss David P. Goss Vice President Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated: Rupert H. Johnson, Jr.* Trustee and Chief Executive Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. Officer -- Investment Management Dated: September 24, 2009 Laura F. Fergerson* Chief Executive Officer -- Laura F. Fergerson Finance and Administration Dated: September 24, 2009 Gaston Gardey* Chief Financial Officer a Gaston Gardey Chief Accounting Officer Dated: September 24, 2009 Harris J. Ashton* Trustee Harris J. Ashton Dated: September 24, 2009 Robert F. Carlson* Trustee Robert F. Carlson Dated: September 24, 2009 Sam Ginn* Trustee Sam Ginn Dated: September 24, 2009 Edith E. Holiday* Trustee Edith E. Holiday Dated: September 24, 2009 Charles B. Johnson* Trustee Charles B. Johnson Dated: September 24, 2009 Frank W.T. LaHaye* Trustee Frank W.T. LaHaye Dated: September 24, 2009 Frank A. Olson* Trustee Frank A. Olson Dated: September 24, 2009 Larry D. Thompson* Trustee Larry D. Thompson Dated: September 24, 2009 John B. Wilson* Trustee John B. Wilson Dated: September 24, 2009 By: /s/ David P. Goss David P. Goss Attorney-in-Fact (Pursuant to Power of Attorney filed herewith) FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES REGISTRATION STATEMENT EXHIBITS INDEX EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION LOCATION EX-99.(a)(i) Agreement and Declaration of * Trust dated April 11, 2007 EX-99.(b)(i) By-Laws * EX-99.(d)(i) Management Agreement between the * Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 EX-99.(d)(ii) Management Agreement between the * Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 EX-99.(d)(iii) Amended and Restated Management * Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin California Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 EX-99.(d)(iv) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 * to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 12, 1993 EX-99.(d)(v) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 * to the Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated February 24, 1992 EX-99.(d)(vi) Amendment dated August 1, 1995 * to the Management Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated May 24, 1994 EX-99.(d)(vii) Management Agreement between the * Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated July 15, 1997 EX-99.(d)(viii) Investment Advisory Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund, Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 EX-99.(d) (ix) Investment Advisory Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Advisers, Inc. dated May 1, 2000 EX-99.(d) (x) Investment Management Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 EX-99.(d)(xi) Addendum to Investment * Management Agreement between the Registrant and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 EX-99.d)(xii) Addendum to Investment * Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 EX-99.d)(xiii) Addendum to Investment * Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 EX-99.d)(xiv) Addendum to Investment * Management Agreement between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc., dated January 1, 2008 EX-99.(e)(i) Amended and Restated * Distribution Agreement between the Registrant on behalf of Franklin Strategic Series, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 EX-99.(e)(ii) Forms of Selling Agreements * between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., and Securities Dealers dated November 1, 2003 EX-99.(e)(iii) Amendment dated May 15, 2006 to * form of Selling Agreements between Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. and Securities Dealers dated November 1, 2003 EX-99.(g)(i) Master Custody Agreement between * the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(g)(ii) Amendment dated May 7, 1997 to * Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(g)(iii) Amendment dated February 27, * 1998 to Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(g)(iv) Amendment dated May 16, 2001, to * Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(g)(v) Amendment dated May 5, 2009, to Attached Exhibit A of the Master Custody Agreement between Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(g)(vi) Amended and Restated Foreign * Custody Agreement between the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon made as of May 16, 2001 EX-99.(g)(vii) Amendment to Schedule 1 dated Attached May 1, 2009, of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement EX-99.(g)(viii) Amendment to Schedule 2 dated Attached May 1, 2009, of the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement EX-99.(g)(ix) Terminal Link Agreement between * the Registrant and The Bank of New York Mellon dated February 16, 1996 EX-99.(h)(i) Subcontract for Fund * Administrative Services dated January 1, 2001 between Franklin Advisers, Inc. and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC EX-99.(h)(ii) Fund Administration Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 EX-99.(h)(iii) Fund Administration Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Aggressive Growth Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 EX-99.(h)(iv) Fund Administration Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC, dated January 1, 2001 EX-99.(h) (v) Fund Administration Agreement * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC., dated December 13, 2007 EX-99.(h) (vi) Subcontract for Fund * Administrative Services between Franklin Advisers, Inc., and Franklin Templeton Services, LLC dated March 1, 2008 EX-99.(h) (vii) Special Servicing Agreement Attached dated May 1, 2009 EX-99.(j)(i) Consent of Independent Attached Registered Public Accounting Firm EX-99.(l)(i) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) dated August 20, 1991 EX-99.(l)(ii) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Global Communications Fund (formerly Franklin Global Utilities Fund)- Class C dated April 12, 1995 EX-99.(l)(iii) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Natural Resources Fund dated June 5, 1995 EX-99.(l)(iv) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) -- Class C dated August 30, 1996 EX-99.(l)(v) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated September 5, 1997 EX-99.(l)(vi) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) dated June 22, 1999 EX-99.(l)(vii) Letter of Understanding for * Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated April 28, 2000 EX-99.(m)(i) Class A Amended and Restated Attached Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(ii) Class A Amended and Restated Attached Distribution Plan between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(iii) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(iv) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Natural Resources Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(v) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(vi) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of the Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(vii) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(viii) Class A Distribution Plan Attached pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, dated February 1, 2009 EX-99.(m)(ix) Class B Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. EX-99.(m)(x) Class B Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 16, 1998 EX-99.(m)(xi) Class B Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated May 18, 1999 EX-99.(m)(xii) Class B Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated May 1, 2000 EX-99.(m)(xiii) Class B Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated July 1, 2002 EX-99.(m)(xiv) Class C Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Strategic Income Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 EX-99.(m)(xv) Class C Distribution Plan * between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund (formerly California Growth Fund), Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund), and Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated October 31, 2000 EX-99.(m)(xvi) Class C Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Natural Resources Fund and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated September 1, 2005 EX-99.(m)(xvii) Class C Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 EX-99.(m)(xviii) Class R Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between the Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund), Franklin Flex-Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin California Growth Fund), Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II), Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund and Franklin Strategic Income Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc. dated January 1, 2002 EX-99.(m)(xix) Class R Distribution Plan * pursuant to Rule 12b-1 between Registrant, on behalf of Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund, and Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., dated December 13, 2007 EX-99.(n)(i) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Natural Resources Fund dated February 28, 2005 EX-99.(n)(ii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Strategic Income Fund dated November 18, 2003 EX-99.(n)(iii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Growth Opportunities Fund (formerly Franklin Aggressive Growth Fund) dated November 18, 2003 EX-99.(n)(iv) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Flex-Cap Growth Fund dated March 16, 2004 EX-99.(n)(v) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Small Cap Growth Fund (formerly Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund II) dated November 18, 2003 EX-99.(n)(vi) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund dated November 18, 2003 EX-99.(n)(vii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin * Focused Core Equity Fund, dated December 13, 2007 EX-99.(n)(viii) Multiple Class Plan for Franklin Attached Biotechnology Discovery Fund dated May 19, 2009 EX-99.(p)(i) Code of Ethics dated May 2009 Attached EX-99.(q)(i) Power of Attorney dated Attached December 1, 2008 EX-99.(q)(ii) Power of Attorney dated March 2, Attached 2009 * Incorporated by reference
MASTER CUSTODY AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT A
The following is a list of the Investment Companies and their respective Series for which the Custodian shall serve under the Master Custody Agreement dated as of February 16, 1996. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Franklin California Tax-Free Delaware Statutory Income Fund Trust Franklin California Tax-Free Delaware Statutory Franklin California Insured Tax-Free Trust Trust Income Fund Franklin California Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin California Tax-Exempt Money Fund Franklin Capital Growth Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Custodian Funds Delaware Statutory Franklin Dynatech Fund Trust Franklin Growth Fund Franklin Income Fund Franklin U.S. Government Securities Fund Franklin Utilities Fund Franklin Federal Tax- Free Delaware Statutory Income Fund Trust Franklin Floating Rate Master Delaware Statutory Franklin Floating Rate Master Series Trust Trust ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Global Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Global Real Estate Fund Trust Franklin International Growth Fund Franklin International Small Cap Growth Fund Franklin Large Cap Equity Fund Franklin Templeton Emerging Market Debt Opportunities Fund Franklin Gold and Precious Delaware Statutory Metals Fund Trust Franklin High Income Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin High Income Fund Trust Franklin Investors Securities Delaware Statutory Franklin Adjustable U.S. Government Trust Trust Securities Fund Franklin Balanced Fund Franklin Convertible Securities Fund Franklin Equity Income Fund Franklin Floating Rate Daily Access Fund Franklin Limited Maturity U.S. Govt Securities Fund Franklin Low Duration Total Return Fund Franklin Real Return Fund Franklin Total Return Fund Franklin Managed Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Rising Dividends Fund Trust Franklin Money Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Municipal Securities Delaware Statutory Franklin California High Yield Municipal Trust Trust Fund Franklin Tennessee Municipal Bond Fund ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Mutual Series Funds Delaware Statutory Mutual Beacon Fund Trust Mutual European Fund Mutual Financial Services Fund Mutual Global Discovery Fund (FORMERLY MUTUAL DISCOVERY FUND) Mutual International Fund Mutual Quest Fund (FORMERLY MUTUAL QUEST FUND) Mutual Shares Fund Franklin New York Tax-Free Delaware Statutory Income Fund Trust Franklin New York Tax-Free Delaware Statutory Franklin New York Insured Tax-Free Trust Trust Income Fund Franklin New York Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin New York Tax-Exempt Money Fund Franklin Real Estate Delaware Statutory Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund Securities Trust Trust Franklin Strategic Mortgage Delaware Statutory Portfolio Trust Franklin Strategic Series Delaware Statutory Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund Trust Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund Franklin Natural Resources Fund Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund Franklin Strategic Income Fund ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Tax-Exempt Money Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Tax-Free Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Alabama Tax-Free Income Fund Trust Franklin Arizona Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Colorado Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Connecticut Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Double Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Federal Intermediate-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Federal Limited-Term Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Florida Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Georgia Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin High Yield Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Insured Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Kentucky Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Louisiana Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Maryland Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Massachusetts Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Michigan Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Minnesota Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Missouri Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin New Jersey Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin North Carolina Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Ohio Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Oregon Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Pennsylvania Tax-Free Income Fund Franklin Virginia Tax-Free Income Fund ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Fund Delaware Statutory Franklin Templeton Conservative Target Allocator Series Trust Fund Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Growth Target Fund Franklin Templeton Moderate Target Fund Franklin Templeton Perspectives Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton 2015 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2025 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2035 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2045 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton Delaware Statutory Franklin India Growth Fund International Trust Trust Franklin Templeton Money Fund Delaware Statutory Franklin Templeton Money Fund Trust Trust Franklin Templeton Variable Delaware Statutory Franklin Flex Cap Growth Securities Fund Insurance Products Trust Trust Franklin Global Communications Securities Fund (PENDING LIQUIDATION) Franklin Global Real Estate Securities Fund Franklin Growth and Income Securities Fund Franklin High Income Securities Fund Franklin Income Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Rising Dividends Securities Fund Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Strategic Income Securities Fund Franklin Templeton VIP Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin U.S. Government Fund Franklin Zero Coupon Fund - 2010 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES --- (IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Variable Mutual Global Discovery Securities Fund Insurance Products Trust (FORMERLY MUTUAL DISCOVERY SECURITIES (CONTINUED) FUND) Mutual International Securities Fund (EFFECTIVE 6/15/09) Mutual Shares Securities Fund Templeton Global Bond Securities Fund (FORMERLY TEMPLETON GLOBAL INCOME SECURITIES FUND) Franklin Value Investors Trust Massachusetts Franklin All Cap Value Fund Business Trust Franklin Balance Sheet Investment Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Fund Franklin MicroCap Value Fund Franklin MidCap Value Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Fund Institutional Fiduciary Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Cash Reserves Fund Trust Money Market Portfolio The Money Market Portfolios Delaware Statutory The Money Market Portfolio Trust Templeton Global Investment Delaware Statutory Templeton Income Fund Trust Trust Templeton Income Trust Delaware Statutory Templeton Global Total Return Fund Trust Templeton International Bond Fund CLOSED END FUNDS: Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Templeton Limited Delaware Statutory Duration Income Trust Trust Franklin Universal Trust Massachusetts Business Trust ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revised 5/1/09 |
AMENDED AND RESTATED FOREIGN CUSTODY MANAGER AGREEMENT
SCHEDULE 1
The following is a list of the Investment Companies and their respective Series for which the Custodian shall serve under the Foreign Custody Manager Agreement dated as of May 16, 2001. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES ---(IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Capital Growth Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Custodian Funds Delaware Statutory Franklin Dynatech Fund Trust Franklin Growth Fund Franklin Income Fund Franklin Utilities Fund Franklin Floating Rate Master Delaware Statutory Franklin Floating Rate Master Series Trust Trust Franklin Global Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Global Real Estate Fund Trust Franklin International Growth Fund Franklin International Small Cap Growth Fund Franklin Large Cap Equity Fund Franklin Templeton Emerging Market Debt Opportunities Fund Franklin Gold and Precious Delaware Statutory Metals Fund Trust Franklin High Income Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin High Income Fund Trust ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES ---(IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Investors Securities Delaware Statutory Franklin Balanced Fund Trust Trust Franklin Convertible Securities Fund Franklin Equity Income Fund Franklin Floating Rate Daily Access Fund Franklin Low Duration Total Return Fund Franklin Real Return Fund Franklin Total Return Fund Franklin Managed Trust Delaware Statutory Franklin Rising Dividends Fund Trust Franklin Mutual Series Funds Delaware Statutory Mutual Beacon Fund Trust Mutual European Fund Mutual Financial Services Fund Mutual Global Discovery Fund (FORMERLY MUTUAL DISCOVERY FUND) Mutual International Fund Mutual Quest Fund (FORMERLY MUTUAL QUALIFIED FUND) Mutual Shares Fund Franklin Real Estate Delaware Statutory Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund Securities Trust Trust Franklin Strategic Mortgage Delaware Statutory Portfolio Trust Franklin Strategic Series Delaware Statutory Franklin Biotechnology Discovery Fund Trust Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund Franklin Focused Core Equity Fund Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund Franklin Natural Resources Fund Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund Franklin Small-Mid Cap Growth Fund Franklin Strategic Income Fund ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES ---(IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Fund Delaware Statutory Franklin Templeton Conservative Target Allocator Series Trust Fund Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Founding Funds Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton Growth Target Fund Franklin Templeton Moderate Target Fund Franklin Templeton Perspectives Allocation Fund Franklin Templeton 2015 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2025 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2035 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton 2045 Retirement Target Fund Franklin Templeton Delaware Statutory Franklin India Growth Fund International Trust Trust Franklin Templeton Variable Delaware Statutory Franklin Flex Cap Growth Securities Fund Insurance Products Trust Trust Franklin Global Communications Securities Fund (PENDING LIQUIDATION) Franklin Global Real Estate Securities Fund Franklin Growth and Income Securities Fund Franklin High Income Securities Fund Franklin Income Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Rising Dividends Securities Fund Franklin Small Mid-Cap Growth Securities Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Securities Fund Franklin Strategic Income Securities Fund Franklin U.S. Government Fund Franklin Zero Coupon Fund - 2010 Mutual Global Discovery Securities Fund (FORMERLY MUTUAL DISCOVERY SECURITIES FUND) Mutual International Securities Fund (EFFECTIVE 6/15/09) Mutual Shares Securities Fund Templeton Global Bond Securities Fund (FORMERLY TEMPLETON GLOBAL INCOME SECURITIES FUND) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INVESTMENT COMPANY ORGANIZATION SERIES ---(IF APPLICABLE) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Value Investors Trust Massachusetts Franklin All Cap Value Fund Business Trust Franklin Balance Sheet Investment Fund Franklin Large Cap Value Fund Franklin MicroCap Value Fund Franklin MidCap Value Fund Franklin Small Cap Value Fund Templeton Global Investment Delaware Statutory Templeton Income Fund Trust Trust Templeton Income Trust Delaware Statutory Templeton Global Total Return Fund Trust Templeton International Bond Fund CLOSED END FUNDS: Franklin Mutual Recovery Fund Delaware Statutory Trust Franklin Templeton Limited Duration Delaware Statutory Income Trust Trust Franklin Universal Trust Massachusetts Business Trust ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Revised 5/1/09 |
SCHEDULE 2
WORLDWIDE NETWORK OF SUBCUSTODIANS
COUNTRY SUBCUSTODIAN
Argentina Citibank, N.A. Australia National Australia Bank Limited Austria UniCredit Bank Austria AG Bahrain HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Bangladesh Standard Chartered Bank Bangladesh Belgium ING Belgium SA/NV Benin Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Bermuda Bank of Bermuda Limited Botswana Barclays Bank of Botswana Ltd. Brazil Citibank, N.A. Bulgaria ING Bank N.V. Burkina Faso Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Canada CIBC Mellon Trust Company Cayman Islands The Bank of New York New York Mellon Channel Islands The Bank of New York Mellon Chile Banco Itau S.A. (Chile) Chile Banco de Chile China (Shanghai and Shenzhen) HSBC Bank (China) Company Limited Colombia Cititrust Colombia S.A. Costa Rica Banco BCT Croatia Privredna banka Zabreb d.d. Cyprus EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. Czech Republic ING Bank N.V. Denmark Danske Bank A/S Ecuador Banco de la Produccion SA Egypt HSBC Bank Egypt S.A.E. Estonia SEB Bank AS Euromarket Clearstream Banking Luxembourg S.A. Euromarket Euroclear Bank Finland Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken AB (publ) Helsinki Branch France BNP Paribas Securities Services France CACEIS Germany BHF-Bank AG Ghana Barclays Bank of Ghana Ltd. Greece EFG Eurobank Ergasias S.A. Guinea Bissau Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Hong Kong The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Hungary ING Bank Zrt. Iceland New Landsbanki Islands hf India Deutsche Bank AG India The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Indonesia The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Ireland The Bank of New York Mellon, London Israel Bank Hapoalim B.M. Italy Intesa Sanpaolo S.p.A Ivory Coast Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire - Abidjian Japan The Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd. Japan Mizuho Corporate Bank, Limited Jordan HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Kazakhstan HSBC Bank Kazakhstan Kenya Barclays Bank of Kenya Limited Kuwait HSBC Bank Middle East Ltd. Latvia AS SEB banka Lebanon HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Lithuania SEB Bankas AB Luxembourg Banque et Caisse d'Epargne de l'Etat Malaysia HSBC Bank Malaysia Berhad Mali Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Malta HSBC Bank Malta plc Mauritius The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation Limited Mexico Banco Nacional de Mexico Morocco Citibank Maghreb Namibia Standard Bank Namibia Ltd. Netherlands BNY Mellon Asset Servicing B.V. New Zealand National Australia Bank Niger Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Nigeria Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc Norway DnB NOR Bank ASA Oman HSBC Bank Middle East Limited Pakistan Deutsche Bank AG Karachi. Palestinian Autonomous Area HSBC Bank Middle East, Ramallah Panama HSBC Bank (Panama) S.A. Peru Citibank del Peru Philippines The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Poland ING Bank Slaski Portugal Banco Comercial Portugues, S.A. Qatar HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, Doha Romania ING Bank N.V. Russia ING Bank (Eurasia) ZAO Russia Vneshtorgbanke (MinFin Bonds only) Saudi Arabia SABB Securities Limited Senegal Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Serbia UniCredit Bank Austria Singapore United Overseas Bank Limited Singapore DBS Bank Ltd. Slovak Republic ING Bank N.V. Slovenia UniCredit Banka Slovenia d.d. South Africa Standard Bank South Korea The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Spain Banco Bilbao Vizcaya Argentaria S.A. Spain Santander Investment Services, S.A. Sri Lanka The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Limited Swaziland Standard Bank Swaziland Limited Sweden Skandinaviska Enskilda Banken Switzerland Credit Suisse, Zurich Switzerland UBS Taiwan Standard Chartered Bank (Taiwan) Limited Thailand The Hongkong and Shanghai Banking Corporation, Thailand Limited/Bangkok Bank Public Company Ltd. Togo Societe Generale de Banques en Cote d'lvoire Trinidad & Tobago Republic Bank Limited Tunisia Banque Internationale Arabe de Tunisie Turkey Deutsche Bank NA Uganda Barclays Bank of Uganda Ltd. Ukraine ING Bank Ukraine United Arab Emirates HSBC Bank Middle East Limited, Dubai United Kingdom The Bank of New York Mellon United Kingdom Deutsche Bank AG (The Depository & Clearing Centre) United States The Bank of New York Mellon Uruguay Banco Itau Uruguay S.A. Venezuela Citibank, N.A. Vietnam HSBC Bank (Vietnam) Ltd. Zambia Barclays Bank of Zambia Limited Zimbabwe Barclays Bank of Zimbabwe Limited |
Revised 5/01/09
Special Servicing Agreement
THIS AGREEMENT is dated and effective as of May 1, 2009, and is between and among the “Underlying Funds,” the “Top-Tier Funds” and the “Service Providers,” as each is defined below. This Agreement sets forth the principles and arrangements whereby the Underlying Funds will bear some or all of the Operating Expenses, as defined below, of the Top-Tier Funds.
Section 1. |
The Funds. The term “Funds” refers collectively to the Top-Tier Funds and the Underlying Funds, each of which is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the “1940 Act”) or a separate series thereof. |
A. |
The term “Top-Tier Fund” refers to each “fund of funds” listed on Annex I, as it may be amended from time to time. Each “Top-Tier Fund” invests its assets in two or more Underlying Funds, as well as such other assets as may be permitted by Section 12(d)(1)(G) of the 1940 Act, the rules thereunder or any exemptive orders relating thereto. |
B. |
Underlying Funds. The term “Underlying Fund” refers to each of the Funds in which the Top-Tier Funds may invest and listed on Annex II, as it may be amended from time to time. Each “Underlying Fund” invests its assets in individual portfolio securities in accordance with specified investment objectives, policies and restrictions. |
C. |
Additional Top-Tier Funds and Underlying Funds may be added as parties to this Agreement by adding their names to Annex I or Annex II, as applicable, and subject to their execution and delivery of a counterpart copy of this Agreement to reflect agreement to the terms hereof. |
D. |
Each Top-Tier Fund and certain Underlying Funds currently offer multiple classes of shares which are issued and bear expenses in accordance with Rule 18f-3 under the 1940 Act. |
Section 2. |
The Service Providers. The term “Service Providers” refers to the distributor of shares of the Funds, Frankin/Templeton Distributors, Inc., to the fund administrator to the Funds, Franklin Templeton Services LLC, for a Fund that has no investment adviser, and to each investment adviser to the other Funds, namely: Franklin Advisers, Inc., Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC, Franklin Templeton Investments Corp,. Franklin Investment Advisory Services, LLC, Franklin Advisory Services, LLC, Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC, Templeton Asset Management Ltd., Templeton Global Advisors Limited, Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC and Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited. Any additional Service Provider may be added to this Agreement upon the execution and delivery of a counterparty copy of this Agreement by such Service Provider to reflect its agreement to the terms hereof. |
Section 3. |
Principal Purposes and Anticipated Benefits of Top-Tier Funds |
A. |
The Top-Tier Funds have been designed to satisfy the demand of investors for a simple and cost-effective means of obtaining professional investment allocation of their assets among a diversified group of Funds. |
B. |
The amount of the benefits realized or expected to be realized by an Underlying Fund from the investment in the Underlying Fund by a Top-Tier Fund (“Underlying Fund Benefits”) are expected to result primarily from the incremental increase in assets resulting from investments in the Underlying Fund by the Top-Tier Fund, and the large asset size of each shareholder account that represents an investment by a Top-Tier Fund relative to other shareholder accounts. A shareholder account that represents a Top-Tier Fund should experience fewer shareholder transactions and greater predictability of transaction activity than other shareholder accounts. As a result, the shareholder servicing costs to any Underlying Fund for servicing one account registered to a Top-Tier Fund will be significantly less than the cost to that same Underlying Fund of servicing the same pool of assets contributed by a large group of shareholders owning relatively small accounts in one or more Underlying Funds. In addition, by reducing Top-Tier Fund expenses, the arrangement effected by this Agreement may lead to increased assets being invested in the Top-Tier Funds, which in turn would lead to increased assets being invested in the Underlying Funds, which could enable the Underlying Funds to control and reduce their expense ratios because their operating expenses will be spread over a larger asset base. |
Section 4. |
Expenses of Top-Tier Funds. |
The Top-Tier Funds incur, or may incur, four types of expenses:
i. |
“Operating Expenses,” which are defined for purposes of this Agreement as all Top-Tier Fund expenses, except those described in (ii), (iii) and (iv) below, and include Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) and state securities registration fees; fund accounting fees and expenses; printing and postage costs for prospectuses to existing shareholders and periodic reports; costs of legal, audit and custody services; insurance; directors’/trustees’ fees; and other miscellaneous expenses. |
ii. |
Management, advisory or asset allocation fees. |
iii. |
Extraordinary Expenses which include: the fees and costs of actions, suits or proceedings and any penalties, damages or payments in settlement in connection therewith, which a Top-Tier Fund may incur directly, or may incur as a result of its legal obligation to provide indemnification to its officers, directors/trustees and agents; the fees and costs of any governmental investigation and any fines or penalties in connection therewith; and any federal, state or local tax, or related interest penalties or additions to tax, incurred, for example, as a result of a Top-Tier Fund’s failure to distribute all of its earnings, failure to qualify under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or failure to file in a timely manner any required tax returns or other filings. |
iv. |
Distribution or shareholder services (Rule 12b-1) fees and/or class-specific administrative services fees. |
Section 5. |
Agreement by Underlying Funds to Bear Operating Expenses of Top-Tier Funds. |
A. |
Subject to the conditions and limitations set forth in Paragraphs B, C, D and E of this Section 5, each Underlying Fund agrees to bear the Operating Expenses of its respective Top-Tier Funds in proportion to the average daily value of shares of such Underlying Fund owned by each respective Top-Tier Fund. To the extent that Underlying Fund Payments (as described below) are treated, in whole or in part, as a class-based expense of an Underlying Fund, or are used to pay a class-based expense of a Top-Tier Fund, the conditions and limitations in Paragraphs B, C, D and E must be met with respect to each class of a Fund as well as the Fund as a whole. |
B. |
No Underlying Fund will, under this Agreement, reimburse transfer agent expenses of a Top-Tier Fund, including sub-accounting expenses and other out-of-pocket expenses, at a rate in excess of the average per account transfer agent expenses of the Underlying Fund, including sub-accounting expenses and other out-of-pocket expenses, expressed as a basis point charge (for purposes of calculating the Underlying Fund’s average per account transfer agent expense, the Top-Tier Funds’ investments in the Underlying Fund will be excluded). |
C. |
The total amount of Operating Expenses of a Top-Tier Fund that may be paid by an Underlying Fund (“Underlying Fund Payments”) cannot exceed the amount of the respective Underlying Fund’s Underlying Fund Benefits. |
D. |
The total amount of Underlying Fund Payments to a Top-Tier Fund may not exceed the amount of actual Operating Expenses incurred by the Top-Tier Fund. |
E. |
No affiliated person of a Top-Tier Fund, or affiliated person of such affiliated person, will receive, directly or indirectly, any portion of the Underlying Fund Payments, except for bona fide transfer agent services approved by the board of directors/trustees (the “Board”) of the Underlying Fund, including a majority of directors/trustees of the Fund who are not “interested persons,” as defined in section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act (the “Independent Directors”). |
Section 6. |
Board Approval. |
A. |
Prior to a Fund’s entering into this Agreement, the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, must determine that the Agreement is in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders and does not involving overreaching on the part of any person concerned. |
B. |
In approving the Agreement, the Board of an Underlying Fund must consider, without limitation: |
i. |
The reasons for the Underlying Fund’s entering into the Agreement; |
ii. |
Information quantifying the Underlying Fund Benefits; |
iii. |
The extent to which investors in the Top-Tier Fund could have purchased shares of the Underlying Fund; |
iv. |
The extent to which an investment in the Top-Tier Fund represents or would represent a consolidation of accounts in the Underlying Funds, through exchanges or otherwise, or a reduction in the rate of increase in the number of accounts in the Underlying Funds; |
v. |
The extent to which the expense ratio of the Underlying Fund was reduced following investment in the Underlying Fund by the Top-Tier Fund and the reasonably foreseeable effects of the investment by the Top-Tier Fund on the Underlying Fund’s expense ratio; |
vi. |
The reasonably foreseeable effects of participation in this Agreement on the Underlying Fund’s expense ratio; and |
vii. |
Any conflicts of interest that the Service Providers, any affiliated person of the Service Providers, or any other affiliated person of the Underlying Fund may have relating to the Underlying Fund’s participation in this Agreement. |
C. |
Prior to approving this Agreement on behalf of an Underlying Fund, the Board of the Underlying Fund, including a majority of the Independent Directors, must determine that: |
i. |
the Underlying Fund Payments under this Agreement are expenses that the Underlying Fund would have incurred if the shareholders of the Top-Tier Fund had instead purchased shares of the Underlying Fund through the same broker-dealer or other financial intermediary; |
ii. |
the amount of the Underlying Fund Payments is less than the amount of Underlying Fund Benefits; and |
iii. |
by entering into this Agreement, the Underlying Fund is not engaging, directly or indirectly, in financing any activity which is primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Underlying Fund. |
D. |
To the extent Underlying Fund Payments are treated, in whole or in part, as a class expense of an Underlying Fund, or are used to pay a class-based expense of a Top-Tier Fund, the requirements of this Section 6 must be met with respect to each class of a Fund as well as the Fund as a whole. |
E. |
In approving this Agreement, the Board of a Fund must request and evaluate, and the Service Providers agree to furnish, such information as may reasonably be necessary to evaluate the terms of this Agreement and make the determinations set forth above in this Section 6. |
F. |
Approval by a Fund’s Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, in accordance with this Section 6, will be required at least annually after the Fund’s entering into this Agreement and prior to any material amendment of this Agreement. |
G. |
Each Fund will maintain and preserve the Board’s findings and determinations set forth in paragraphs (A) and (C) above, and the information and considerations on which they were based, for the duration of this Agreement, and for a period not less than six years thereafter, the first two years in an easily accessible place. |
Section 7. |
Termination. This Agreement may be terminated as to any Fund by the vote by a majority of the Board of that Fund, or by a majority of the Independent Directors of that Fund. Any such termination shall become effective 90 days after the relevant vote to terminate. |
Section 8. |
Entire Agreement. This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, arrangements and understandings, whether written or oral, with respect to the subject matter hereof; provided that in the event of any inconsistency between the terms of this Agreement and the order received by the Funds from the SEC pursuant to section 17(d) of the 1940 Act and Rule 17d-1 to permit the arrangements described in this Agreement, as such order may be amended or supplemented (the “Order”), the terms of the Order shall control. |
Section 9. |
Severability. The obligations of each of the Funds hereunder is severable from that of the other Funds, and no Underlying Fund shall be responsible for any Underlying Fund Payments of any other Underlying Fund. |
Section 10. |
Governing Law. This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California without giving effect to any choice of law principles; provided, that to the extent that California law conflicts with the 1940 Act, the provisions of the 1940 Act shall control. |
Section 11. Limitation of Liability. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Agreement, the parties hereto acknowledge and agree that, as provided in the Declaration of Trust of a Fund that is organized as a Massachusetts business trust, this Agreement is executed by the trustees and/or officers of the Fund, not individually but as such trustees and/or officers of the Fund, and the obligations hereunder are not binding upon any of the trustees or shareholders individually but bind only the estate of the Fund.
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series
By:____________________
Franklin Capital Growth Fund
By:____________________
Franklin Gold and Precious Metals Fund
By:____________________
Franklin Custodian Funds
By:____________________
Franklin Value Investors Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Mutual Series Funds
By:____________________
Templeton China World Fund
By:____________________
Templeton Developing Markets Trust
By:____________________
Templeton Funds
By:____________________
Franklin Templeton International Trust
By:____________________
Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund
By:____________________
Franklin High Income Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Investors Securities Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Real Estate Securities Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Strategic Series
By:____________________
Franklin Strategic Mortgage Portfolio
By:____________________
Franklin Templeton Global Trust
By:____________________
Templeton Income Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Global Trust
By:____________________
Templeton Growth Fund, Inc.
By:____________________
Institutional Fiduciary Trust
By:____________________
Franklin Advisers, Inc.
By:____________________
Franklin Templeton Institutional, LLC
By:____________________
Franklin Templeton Investments Corp.
By:____________________
Franklin Investment Advisory Services, LLC
By:_____________________
Franklin Advisory Services, LLC
By:_____________________
Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC
By:_____________________
Templeton Asset Management Ltd.
By:_____________________
Templeton Global Advisors Limited
By:_____________________
Templeton Investment Counsel, LLC
By:_____________________
Franklin Templeton Investment Management Limited
By:_____________________
Franklin Templeton Services LLC
By:_____________________
Franklin/Templeton Distributors, Inc.
By:____________________
ANNEX I
Top-Tier Funds
Registrant |
Series |
Franklin Templeton Fund Allocator Series |
Franklin Templeton Conservative Target Fund |
Franklin Templeton Corefolio Allocation Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton Founding Funds Allocation Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton Growth Target Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton Moderate Target Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton Perspectives Allocation Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton 2015 Retirement Target Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton 2025 Retirement Target Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton 2035 Retirement Target Fund |
|
Franklin Templeton 2045 Retirement Target Fund |
ANNEX II
Underlying Funds
Registrant |
Series |
Franklin Capital Growth Fund |
N/A |
Franklin Gold and Precious Metals Fund |
N/A |
Franklin Custodian Funds |
Franklin Growth Fund |
Franklin Income Fund |
|
Franklin U.S. Government Securities Fund |
|
Franklin Value Investors Trust |
Franklin MicroCap Value Fund |
Franklin Small Cap Value Fund |
|
Franklin Mutual Series Funds |
Mutual Global Discovery Fund |
Mutual European Fund |
|
Mutual Financial Services Fund |
|
Mutual Shares Fund |
|
Templeton China World Fund |
N/A |
Templeton Developing Markets Trust |
N/A |
Templeton Funds |
Templeton Foreign Fund |
Franklin Templeton International Trust |
Templeton Foreign Smaller Companies Fund |
Templeton Global Long-Short Fund |
|
Templeton Global Smaller Companies Fund |
N/A |
Franklin High Income Trust |
Franklin High Income Fund |
Franklin Investors Securities Trust |
Franklin Floating Rate Daily Access Fund |
Franklin Limited Maturity U.S. Government Securities Fund |
|
Franklin Total Return Fund |
|
Franklin Real Estate Securities Trust |
Franklin Real Estate Securities Fund |
Franklin Strategic Series |
Franklin Growth Opportunities Fund |
Franklin Flex Cap Growth Fund |
|
Franklin Natural Resources Fund |
|
Franklin Small Cap Growth Fund |
|
Franklin Strategic Income Fund |
|
Franklin Strategic Mortgage Portfolio |
N/A |
Franklin Templeton Global Trust |
Franklin Templeton Hard Currency Fund |
Templeton Income Trust |
Templeton Global Bond Fund |
Franklin Global Trust |
Franklin Global Real Estate Fund |
Templeton Growth Fund, Inc. |
N/A |
Institutional Fiduciary Trust |
Money Market Portfolio |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our reports dated June 19, 2009, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in the April 30, 2009 Annual Report to Shareholders of Franklin Strategic Series, which is also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Highlights" and "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in such Registration Statement.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Francisco, California August 27, 2009 |
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our report dated June 19, 2009, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights, which appear in the April 30, 2009 Annual Report to Shareholders of Franklin Strategic Income Fund, which is also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Highlights" and "Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm" in such Registration Statement.
/s/PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP San Francisco, California August 27, 2009 |
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN FLEX CAP GROWTH FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN FLEX CAP GROWTH FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN FLEX CAP GROWTH FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN SMALL -MID CAP GROWTH FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN SMALL -MID CAP GROWTH FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN SMALL -MID CAP GROWTH FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC INCOME FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN STRATEGIC INCOME FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.25% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC INCOME FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN NATURAL RESOURCES FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN NATURAL RESOURCES FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN NATURAL RESOURCES FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN BIOTECHNOLOGY DISCOVERY FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN SMALL CAP GROWTH FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
AMENDED AND RESTATED CLASS A DISTRIBUTION PLAN
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES
on behalf of
FRANKLIN FOCUSED CORE EQUITY FUND
Preamble to Amended and Restated Distribution Plan
The following Amended and Restated Distribution Plan (the “Amended Plan”) has been adopted pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “Act”), by FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the “Trust”) for the use of the Class A shares of its series, FRANKLIN FOCUSED CORE EQUITY FUND (the “Fund”), which amends and restates the prior Distribution Plan (which, together with the Amended Plan are referred to as the “Plan”) which took effect on the date the Class A shares of the Fund were first offered for sale (the “Effective Date of the Plan”). The Plan has been approved by a majority of the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”), including a majority of the trustees who are not interested persons of the Trust and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the operation of the Plan or in any agreements related to the Plan (the “Independent Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
In reviewing the Plan, the Board considered the schedule and nature of payments and terms of the Investment Management Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin Advisers, Inc. (the “Manager”) and the terms of the Distribution Agreement between the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and Franklin/Templeton
Distributors, Inc. (“Distributors”). The Board concluded that the compensation of the Manager, under the Investment Management Agreement, and of Distributors, under the Distribution Agreement, was fair and not excessive; however, the Board also recognized that uncertainty may exist from time to time with respect to whether payments to be made by the Fund to the Manager, Distributors, or others or by the Manager or Distributors to others may be deemed to constitute
distribution expenses of the Fund. Accordingly, the Board determined that the Plan should provide for such payments and that adoption of the Plan would be prudent and in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. Such approval included a determination that in the exercise of their reasonable business judgment and in light of their fiduciary duties, there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plan will benefit the Fund and its shareholders.
AMENDED AND RESTATED DISTRIBUTION PLAN
1. The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, shall reimburse Distributors or others for all expenses (subject to the limitations described below) incurred by Distributors or others in the promotion and distribution of the Class A shares of the Fund, as well as for shareholder services provided for existing shareholders of the Fund. Distribution expenses may include, but are not limited to, the printing of prospectuses and reports used for sales purposes, preparing and distributing sales literature (and any related expenses), advertisements, and other distribution-related expenses; certain promotional distribution charges paid to broker-dealer firms or others, or for participation in certain distribution channels (otherwise referred to as marketing support), including business planning assistance, advertising, educating dealer personnel about the Fund and shareholder financial planning needs, placement on dealers’ lists of offered funds, access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of dealers, participation in and/or presentation at conferences or seminars, sales or training programs for invited registered representatives and other employees, client and investor events and other dealer sponsored events, and ticket charges; or payment of dealer commissions and wholesaler compensation in connection with sales of the Fund’s Class A Shares exceeding $1 million (for which the Fund imposes no sales charge). Shareholder service expenses may include, but are not limited to, the expenses of assisting in the establishment and maintenance of customer accounts and records, assisting with purchase and redemption requests, arranging for bank wires, monitoring dividend payments from the Fund on behalf of customers, forwarding certain shareholder communications from the Fund to customers, receiving and answering correspondence, and aiding in the maintenance of investments of their respective customers in the Fund. These expenses may also include any distribution or service fees paid to securities dealers or their firms or others. Agreements for the payment of distribution and service fees to securities dealers or their firms or others shall be in a form which has been approved from time to time by the Board, including the Independent Trustees.
2. The maximum amount which may be reimbursed by the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, to Distributors or others pursuant to Paragraph 1 herein shall be 0.35% per annum of the average daily net assets of the Fund. Said reimbursement shall be made quarterly by the Fund to Distributors or others.
3. In addition to the payments which the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, is authorized to make pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 hereof, to the extent that the Trust, on behalf of the Fund, the Manager, Distributors or other parties on behalf of the Fund, the Manager or Distributors make payments that are deemed to be payments by the Fund for the financing of any activity primarily intended to result in the sale of shares issued by the Fund within the context of
Rule 12b-1 under the Act, then such payments shall be deemed to have been made pursuant to the Plan.
In no event shall the aggregate asset-based sales charges which include payments specified in paragraphs 1 and 2, plus any other payments deemed to be made pursuant to the Plan under this paragraph, exceed the amount permitted to be paid pursuant to the Rule 2830(d) of the Conduct Rules of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. or any successor thereto.
4. Distributors shall furnish to the Board, for its review, on a quarterly basis, a written report of the monies reimbursed to it and to others under the Plan, including the purposes thereof, and shall furnish the Board with such other information as the Board may reasonably request in connection with the payments made under the Plan in order to enable the Board to make an informed determination of whether the Plan should be continued.
5. The Plan, and any agreements related to this Plan, shall continue in effect for a period of more than one year only so long as such continuance is specifically approved at least annually by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan and any related agreements.
6. The Plan may be terminated at any time by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund, as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3).
7. Any agreement related to this Plan:
(a) may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by vote of a majority of the Independent Trustees or by vote a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Fund on not more than sixty (60) days’ written notice to any other party to the agreement; and
(b) will automatically terminate in the event of its assignment (as defined in the Act).
8. The Plan may not be amended to increase materially the amount to be spent for distribution pursuant to Paragraph 2 hereof without approval by a majority of the Fund’s outstanding voting securities (as and to the extent required by the Act and the rules thereunder, including Rule 18f-3(a)(3)).
9. All material amendments to the Plan shall be approved by a vote of the Board, and of the Independent Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on the Plan.
10. So long as the Plan is in effect, the Board shall satisfy the fund governance standards as defined in Rule 0-1(a)(7) under the Act, including that the selection and nomination of the Trust’s Independent Trustees shall be committed to the discretion of such incumbent Independent Trustees.
This Amended Plan and the terms and provisions thereof are hereby accepted and agreed to by the Trust and Distributors as evidenced by their execution hereof.
FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES on behalf of
FRANKLIN FOCUSED CORE EQUITY FUND
By: /s/ Karen L. Skidmore
Karen L. Skidmore
Title: Vice President & Secretary
FRANKLIN/TEMPLETON DISTRIBUTORS, INC.
By: /s/ Peter D. Jones
Peter D. Jones
Title: President
Dated:
February 1
, 2009
FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENTS
CODE OF ETHICS
(PURSUANT TO RULE 17J-1 OF THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
AND RULE 204A-1 OF THE INVESTMENT ADVISERS ACT OF 1940)
AND
INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES
REVISED MAY 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
CODE OF ETHICS...............................................................2 PART 1 - STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES.............................................2 PART 2 - PURPOSE OF THE CODE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE..............3 PART 3 - COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS.............................................4 PART 4 - REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CODE OF ETHICS PERSONS (EXCLUDING INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND OF CERTAIN ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI)...............................................12 PART 5 - PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS APPLICABLE TO ACCESS PERSONS (EXCLUDING INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND AND CERTAIN INVESTMENT ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI) AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS)....15 PART 6 - REQUIREMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND CERTAIN INVESTMENT ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI............................18 PART 7 - PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE...............................19 PART 8 - A REMINDER ABOUT THE FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENTS INSIDER TRADING POLICY.............................................21 APPENDIX A: COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES AND DEFINITIONS...........................22 I. RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH DESIGNATED COMPLIANCE OFFICER................23 II. DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANT TERMS........................................27 APPENDIX B: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM AND SCHEDULES..............................29 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM........................................................30 SCHEDULE A: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE OFFICERS CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPT. CONTACT INFO..............................................31 SCHEDULE B: TRANSACTIONS REPORT.............................................33 SCHEDULE C: INITIAL & ANNUAL DISCLOSURE OF BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS, INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUNTS, SECURITIES HOLDINGS AND DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY.......................................................34 SCHEDULE D: NOTIFICATION OF SECURITIES ACCOUNT.............................36 SCHEDULE E: NOTIFICATION OF DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL INTEREST..........37 SCHEDULE F: CHECKLIST FOR INVESTMENTS IN PARTNERSHIPS AND SECURITIES ISSUED IN LIMITED OFFERINGS PRIVATE PLACEMENTS).................38 SCHEDULE G: REQUEST FOR APPROVAL TO SERVE AS A DIRECTOR.....................40 APPENDIX C: INVESTMENT ADVISER AND BROKER-DEALER AND OTHER SUBSIDIARIES OF FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC. - APRIL 2009....................................41 INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES............................42 |
A. LEGAL REQUIREMENT.....................................................42
B. WHO IS AN INSIDER?....................................................42
C. WHAT IS MATERIAL INFORMATION?.........................................42
D. WHAT IS NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION?.......................................43
E. BASIS FOR LIABILITY...................................................43
F. PENALTIES FOR INSIDER TRADING.........................................43
G. INSIDER TRADING PROCEDURES............................................44
H. GENERAL ACCESS CONTROL PROCEDURES.....................................45
CODE OF ETHICS
The Code of Ethics (the "Code") and Policy Statement on Insider Trading (the "Insider Trading Policy"), including any supplemental memoranda is applicable to all officers, directors, employees and certain designated temporary employees (collectively, "Code of Ethics Persons") of Franklin Resources, Inc. ("FRI"), all of its subsidiaries, and the funds in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds (the "Funds") (collectively, "Franklin Templeton Investments"). The subsidiaries listed in Appendix C of the Code, together with Franklin Resources, Inc. and the Funds, have adopted the Code and Insider Trading Policy.
The Code summarizes the values, principles and business practices that guide Franklin Templeton Investments' business conduct, provides a set of basic principles for Code of Ethics Persons regarding the conduct expected of them and also establishes certain reporting requirements applicable to Supervised and Access Persons (defined below). It is the responsibility of all Code of Ethics Persons to maintain an environment that fosters fairness, respect and integrity. Code of Ethics Persons are expected to seek the advice of a supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department with any questions on the Code and/or the Insider Trading Policy.
In addition to this Code, the policies and procedures prescribed under the CODE OF ETHICS AND BUSINESS CONDUCT adopted by Franklin Resources, Inc. are additional requirements that apply to certain Code of Ethics Persons. The current version of the Fair Disclosure Polices and Procedures and the Chinese Wall Policy also apply to certain Code of Ethics Persons. Executive Officers, Directors and certain other designated employees of FRI will also be subject to additional requirements with respect to the trading of the securities of FRI (i.e. BEN shares).
PART 1 - STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES
All Code of Ethics Persons are required to conduct themselves in a lawful, honest and ethical manner in their business practices. Franklin Templeton Investments' policy is that the interests of its Funds' shareholders and clients are paramount and come before the interests of any Code Of Ethics Person.
The personal investing activities of Code of Ethics Persons must be conducted in a manner to avoid actual OR potential conflicts of interest with Fund shareholders and other clients of any Franklin Templeton adviser.
Code of Ethics Persons shall use their positions with Franklin Templeton Investments and any investment opportunities they learn of because of their positions with Franklin Templeton Investments in a manner consistent with applicable Federal Securities Laws and their fiduciary duties to use such opportunities and information for the benefit of the Funds' shareholders and clients.
Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of Funds and other clients is confidential and all Code of Ethics Persons must vigilantly safeguard this sensitive information.
Lastly, Code of Ethics Persons shall not, in connection with the purchase or sale of a security, including any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, any security that is "held or to be acquired" by a Fund:
A. employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a Fund;
B. make to a Fund any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to a Fund a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
C. engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon a Fund; or
D. engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a Fund.
A security is "held or to be acquired" if within the most recent 15 days it (i) is or has been held by a Fund, or (ii) is being or has been considered by a Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund.
PART 2 - PURPOSE OF THE CODE AND CONSEQUENCES OF NON-COMPLIANCE
It is important that you read and understand the Code because its purpose is to help all of us comply with the law and to preserve and protect the outstanding reputation of Franklin Templeton Investments.
Any violation of the Code or Insider Trading Policy including engaging in a prohibited transaction or failure to file required reports may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment and/or referral to appropriate governmental agencies.
All Code of Ethics Persons must report violations of the Code and the Insider Trading Policy whether committed by themselves or by others promptly to their supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department. If you have any questions or concerns about compliance with the Code or Insider Trading Policy you are encouraged to speak with your supervisor or the Code of Ethics Administration Department. In addition, you may call the Compliance and Ethics Hotline at 1-800-636-6592. Calls to Compliance and the Ethics Hotline may be made anonymously. Franklin Templeton Investments will treat the information set forth in a report of any suspected violation of the Code or Insider Trading Policy in a confidential manner and will conduct a prompt and appropriate evaluation and investigation of any matter reported. Code of Ethics Persons are expected to cooperate in investigations of reported violations. To facilitate employee reporting of violations of the Code or Insider Trading Policy, Franklin Templeton Investments will not allow retaliation against anyone who has made a report in good faith.
PART 3 - COMPLIANCE REQUIREMENTS
3.1 WHO IS COVERED BY THE CODE AND HOW DOES IT WORK?
The Statement of Principles contained in the Code and the policies and procedures prescribed under the CODE OF ETHICS AND BUSINESS CONDUCT must be observed by ALL Code of Ethics Persons. All officers, directors, employees and certain designated temporary employees of Franklin Templeton Investments are Code of Ethics Persons. However, depending on which of the categories described below that you are placed, there are different types of restrictions and reporting requirements placed on your personal investing activities. The category in which you will be placed generally depends on your job function, although unique circumstances may result in your placement in a different category. If you have any questions regarding which category you are a member of and the attendant responsibilities, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
(1) SUPERVISED PERSONS: Supervised persons are an adviser's partners, officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), and employees, as well as any other person who provides advice on behalf of the adviser and are subject to the supervision and control of the adviser.
(2) ACCESS PERSONS: Access Persons are those persons who: have access to nonpublic information regarding Funds' or clients' securities transactions; or are involved in making securities recommendations to Funds or clients; or have access to recommendations that are nonpublic; or have access to nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of Reportable Funds. Examples of "ACCESS TO NONPUBLIC INFORMATION" include having access to trading systems, portfolio accounting systems, research databases or settlement information. Thus, Access Persons are those people who are in a position to exploit information about Funds' or clients' securities transactions or holdings. Administrative, technical and clerical personnel may be deemed Access Persons if their functions or duties give them access to such nonpublic information.
The following are some of the departments, which would typically (but not exclusively) include Access Persons. Please note however that whether you are an Access Person is based on an analysis of the types of information that you have access to and the determination will be made on a case-by-case basis:
o fund accounting;
o futures associates;
o global compliance;
o portfolio administration;
o private client group/high net worth; and
o anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance
and/or the Chief Compliance Officer.
In addition, you are an Access Person if you are any of the following:
o an officer or director of the Funds;
o an officer or director of an investment advisor or broker-dealer
subsidiary of Franklin Templeton Investments; or
o a person that controls those entities
NOTE: UNDER THIS DEFINITION, AN INDEPENDENT DIRECTOR OF FRI WOULD NOT BE
CONSIDERED AN ACCESS PERSON.
(3) PORTFOLIO PERSONS: Portfolio Persons are a subset of Access Persons and are those employees of Franklin Templeton Investments, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in the decision to purchase or sell a security by a Fund or any other client or if his or her functions relate to the making of any recommendations about those purchases or sales. Portfolio Persons include:
o portfolio managers;
o research analysts;
o traders;
o employees serving in equivalent capacities (such as Futures
Associates);
o employees supervising the activities of Portfolio Persons; and
o anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance
and/or the Chief Compliance Officer.
(4) NON-ACCESS PERSONS: If you are an employee or temporary employee of Franklin Templeton Investments AND you do not fit into any of the above categories, you are a Non-Access Person. Because you do not receive nonpublic information about Fund/Client portfolios, you are subject only to the prohibited transaction provisions described in 3.4 of the Code, the Statement of Principles and the Insider Trading Policy and the policies and procedures prescribed under the FRI Code of Ethics and Business Conduct. The independent directors of FRI are Non-Access Persons.
You will be notified about which of the category(ies) you are considered to be a member of at the time you become affiliated with Franklin Templeton Investments and also if you become a member of a different category.
As described further below, the Code prohibits certain types of transactions and requires pre-clearance and reporting of others. Non-Access Persons and Supervised Persons do not have to pre-clear their security transactions, and, in most cases, do not have to report their transactions. Independent Directors of the Funds also need not pre-clear or report on any securities transactions unless they knew, or should have known that, during the 15-day period before or after the transaction, the security was purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by a Fund. HOWEVER, PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES OF ALL CODE OF ETHICS PERSONS ARE TO BE CONDUCTED IN COMPLIANCE WITH THE PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS PROVISIONS CONTAINED IN SECTION 3.4, THE STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES AND THE INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES.
3.2 WHAT ACCOUNTS AND TRANSACTIONS ARE COVERED?
The Code covers:
1. SECURITIES ACCOUNTS/TRANSACTIONS IN WHICH YOU HAVE DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP.
You are considered to have "beneficial ownership" of a security if you, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, relationship or otherwise, have or share a direct or indirect economic interest in a security. There is a presumption that you have an economic interest in securities held or acquired by a member of your immediate family sharing the same household. Thus, a transaction by or for the account of your spouse, or other immediate family member living in your home would be treated as though the transaction were your own.
2. TRANSACTIONS FOR AN ACCOUNT IN WHICH YOU HAVE AN ECONOMIC INTEREST (OTHER THAN THE ACCOUNT OF AN UNRELATED CLIENT FOR WHICH ADVISORY FEES ARE RECEIVED) AND HAVE OR SHARE INVESTMENT CONTROL
For example, if you invest in a corporation that invests in securities and you have or share control over its investments, that corporation's securities transactions would generally be treated as though they were your own.
3. SECURITIES IN WHICH YOU DO NOT HAVE AN ECONOMIC INTEREST (THAT ARE HELD BY A PARTNERSHIP, CORPORATION, TRUST OR SIMILAR ENTITY HOWEVER, YOU EITHER HAVE CONTROL OF SUCH ENTITY, OR HAVE OR SHARE CONTROL OVER ITS INVESTMENTS.
For example, if you were the trustee of a trust or foundation but you did not have an economic interest in the entity (i.e., you are not the trustor (settlor) or beneficiary) the securities transactions would be treated as though they were your own if you had voting or investment control of the trust's assets or you had or shared control over its investments.
ACCORDINGLY, EACH TIME THE WORDS "YOU" OR "YOUR" ARE USED IN THIS DOCUMENT, THEY APPLY NOT ONLY TO YOUR PERSONAL TRANSACTIONS AND ACCOUNTS, BUT TO ALL THE TYPES OF ACCOUNTS AND TRANSACTIONS DESCRIBED ABOVE. If you have any questions as to whether a particular account or transaction is covered by the Code, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department 650-312-3693 (ext. 23693) for guidance.
3.3 WHAT SECURITIES ARE EXEMPT FROM THE CODE OF ETHICS?
You do not need to pre-clear OR report transactions in the following types of securities:
(1) direct obligations of the U.S. government (i.e. securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds including U.S. savings bonds and derivatives thereof);
(2) money market instruments - banker's acceptances, bank certificates of deposits, commercial paper, repurchase agreements and other high quality short-term debt instruments;
(3) shares of money market funds;
(4) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Reportable Funds; and
(5) shares issued by U.S. registered open-end fund (I.E. mutual funds) other than Reportable Funds".
Transactions in the types of securities listed above are also exempt from:
(i) the prohibited transaction provisions contained in Section 3.4; (ii) the
additional requirements applicable to Portfolio Persons and (iii) the applicable
reporting requirements contained in Part 4.
3.4 PROHIBITED TRANSACTIONS AND TRANSACTIONS REQUIRING PRE-APPROVAL FOR CODE OF ETHICS PERSONS
A. INTENT" IS IMPORTANT
The transactions described below comprise a non-exclusive listing of those transactions that have been determined by the courts and the SEC to be prohibited by law. These types of transactions are a violation of the Statement of Principles and are prohibited. It should be noted that pre-clearance, which is a cornerstone of our compliance efforts, cannot detect inappropriate or illegal transactions, which are by their definition dependent upon intent. Therefore, personnel of the Code of Ethics Administration Department can assist you with compliance with the Code, however, they CANNOT guarantee any particular transaction complies with the Code or any applicable law. The fact that your proposed transaction receives pre-clearance may not provide a full and complete defense to an accusation of a violation of the Code or of any laws. For example, if you executed a transaction for which you received pre-clearance, or if the transaction was exempt from pre-clearance (e.g., a transaction for 500 shares or less), that would not preclude a subsequent finding that front-running or scalping occurred because such activity is dependent upon your intent. In other words, your intent may not be able to be detected or determined when a particular transaction request is analyzed for pre-clearance, but can only be determined after a review of all the facts.
In the final analysis, adherence to the principles of the Code remains the responsibility of EACH person effecting personal securities transactions.
B. CODE OF ETHICS PERSONS - PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
1. FRONT RUNNING: TRADING AHEAD OF A FUND OR CLIENT
You shall not front-run any trade of a Fund or client. The term "front run" means knowingly trading before a contemplated transaction by a Fund or client of any Franklin Templeton adviser, whether or not your trade and the Fund's or client's trade take place in the same market. Front running is prohibited whether or not you realize a profit from such a transaction. Thus, you may not:
(a) purchase a security if you intend, or know of Franklin Templeton Investments' intention, to purchase that security or a related security on behalf of a Fund or client, or
(b) sell a security if you intend, or know of Franklin Templeton Investments' intention, to sell that security or a related security on behalf of a Fund or client.
2. SCALPING
You shall not purchase a security (or its economic equivalent) with the intention of recommending that the security be purchased for a Fund or client, or sell short a security (or its economic equivalent) with the intention of recommending that the security be sold for a Fund or client. Scalping is prohibited whether or not you realize a profit from such a transaction.
3. TRADING PARALLEL TO A FUND OR CLIENT
You shall not either buy a security if you know that the same or a related security is being bought contemporaneously by a Fund or client, or sell a security if you know that the same or a related security is being sold contemporaneously by a Fund or client.
4. TRADING AGAINST A FUND OR CLIENT
You shall not:
(a) buy a security if you know that a Fund or client is selling the same or a related security; or has sold the security or
(b) sell a security if you know that a Fund or client is buying the same or a related security, or has bought the security.
Refer to Section I.A., "Pre-clearance Standards," of Appendix A of the Code for more details regarding the pre-clearance of personal securities transactions.
5. CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS IN SECURITIES OF FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC., AND AFFILIATED CLOSED-END FUNDS
You shall not effect a short sale of the securities, including "short sales
against the box" of Franklin Resources, Inc., or any of the Franklin Templeton
Investments' closed-end funds, or any other security issued by Franklin
Templeton Investments. This prohibition would also apply to effecting
economically equivalent transactions, including, but not limited to purchasing
and selling call or put options and swap transactions or other derivatives.
Officers and directors of Franklin Templeton Investments who are covered by
Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, are reminded that their
obligations under Section 16 are in addition to their obligations under this
Code and other additional requirements with respect to pre-clearance and Rule
144 affiliate policies and procedures.
6. SHORT TERM TRADING OR "MARKET TIMING" IN THE FUNDS.
Franklin Templeton Investments seeks to discourage short-term or excessive trading, often referred to as "market timing." Code of Ethics Persons must be familiar with the "Market Timing Trading Policy" described in the prospectus of each Fund in which they invest and must not engage in trading activity that might violate the purpose or intent of that policy. Accordingly, all directors, officers and employees of Franklin Templeton Investments must comply with the purpose and intent of each fund's Market Timing Trading Policy and must not engage in any short-term or excessive trading in Funds. The Trade Control Team of each Fund's transfer agent will monitor trading activity by directors, officers and employees and will report to the Code of Ethics Administration Department, trading patterns or behaviors that may constitute short-term or excessive trading. Given the importance of this issue, if the Code of Ethics Administration Department determines that you engaged in this type of activity, you will be subject to discipline, up to and including termination of employment and a permanent suspension of your ability to purchase shares of any Funds. This policy applies to Franklin Templeton funds including those Funds purchased through a 401(k) plan and to funds that are sub-advised by an investment adviser subsidiary of Franklin Resources, Inc., but does not apply to purchases and sales of Franklin Templeton money fund shares.
7. SERVICE AS A DIRECTOR
Code of Ethics Persons (excluding Independent Directors of FRI) may not serve as a director, trustee, or in a similar capacity for any public or private company (excluding not-for-profit companies, charitable groups and eleemosynary organizations) unless you receive approval from the CEO of Franklin Resources, Inc. and it is determined that your service is consistent with the interests of the Funds and clients of Franklin Templeton Investments. You must notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department, of your interest in serving as a director, including your reasons for electing to take on the directorship by completing Schedule G. The Code of Ethics Administration Department will process the request through the Franklin Resources, Inc. CEO. If approved by the CEO of Franklin Resources, Inc. procedures applicable to serving as an outside director will be furnished to you by the Code of Ethics Administration Department. FRI Independent Directors are subject to the FRI Corporate Governance Guidelines with respect to services on another company's board.
C. ACCESS PERSONS (EXCLUDING INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS) AND
PORTFOLIO PERSONS - ADDITIONAL PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS.
1. SECURITIES SOLD IN A PUBLIC OFFERING
Access Persons shall not buy securities in any initial public offering, or a secondary offering by an issuer except for offerings of securities made by closed-end funds that are either advised or sub-advised by a Franklin Templeton Investments adviser. Although exceptions are rarely granted, they will be considered on a case-by-case basis and only in accordance with procedures contained in section I.B. of Appendix A.
2. INTERESTS IN PARTNERSHIPS AND SECURITIES ISSUED IN LIMITED OFFERING
(PRIVATE PLACEMENTS)
Access Persons shall not invest in limited partnerships (including interests in limited liability companies and business trusts) or other securities in a Limited Offering (private placement) without pre-approval from the Code of Ethics Administration Department. In order to seek consideration for pre-approval you must:
(a) complete the Limited Offering (Private Placement) Checklist (Schedule F)
(b) provide supporting documentation (e.g., a copy of the offering memorandum); and
(c) obtain approval of the appropriate Chief Investment Officer; and
(d) submit all documents to the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
Approvals for such investments will be determined by the Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer.
Pre-approval is not required for investments in FTI sponsored products but reporting on Schedule B, including the offering memorandum (or equivalent documents) is still required.
D. PORTFOLIO PERSONS - ADDITIONAL PROHIBITIONS AND REQUIREMENTS
1. SHORT SALES OF SECURITIES
Portfolio Persons shall not sell short ANY security held by Associated Clients, including "short sales against the box." This prohibition also applies to effecting economically equivalent transactions, including, but not limited to, sales of uncovered call options, purchases of put options while not owning the underlying security and short sales of bonds that are convertible into equity positions.
2. SHORT SWING TRADING
Portfolio Persons shall not profit from the purchase and sale or sale and purchase within sixty (60) calendar days of any security in all his/her personal accounts taken in aggregate, including derivatives. Portfolio Persons are responsible for transactions that may occur in margin and option accounts and all such transactions must comply with this restriction./1
This restriction does NOT apply to:
(a) trading within a sixty (60) calendar day period if you do not realize a profit and if you do not violate any other provisions of this Code;
(b) realizing profits from transactions occurring within a sixty (60) calendar day period pursuant to the exercise and/or purchase of shares in a program sponsored by a company employing you or your spouse when no other provision of the code are violated; and
(c) profiting on the purchase and sale or sale and purchase within sixty
(60) calendar days of the following securities:
o securities that are direct obligations of the U.S. Government, such Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and U.S. Savings Bonds and derivatives thereof;
o high quality short-term instruments ("money market instruments") including but not limited to (i) bankers' acceptances, (ii) U.S. bank certificates of deposit; (iii) commercial paper; and (iv) repurchase agreements;
o shares of any registered open-end investment companies including Exchange Traded Funds (ETF), Holding Company Depository Receipts (Hldrs) and shares of Franklin Templeton Funds subject to the short term trading (market timing) policies described in each Fund's prospectus;
o shares of Franklin Resources, Inc.; and
o call or put options on a financial index ("index option").
Calculation of profits on any short-swing transaction will be maximum gain realzied based on the purchases and sales (or sales and purchases) occurring during the 60 day period. For example:
o 6/1/XX buy 1000 shares of Company ABC @ $10.00/share
o 6/1/XX buy 500 shares of Company ABC @ $15.00/share
o 6/1/XX buy 500 shares of Company ABC @ $14.00/share
The short swing profit would be calculated as follows:
o 7/15/XX sale of 500 shares of Company ABC @ $14.00/share = $7000
o 6/1/XX buy 500 shares of Company ABC @ $10.00/share = $5000
Short-swing profit: $2000
3. DISCLOSURE OF INTEREST IN A SECURITY AND METHOD OF DISCLOSURE
As a Portfolio Person, you must promptly disclose your direct or indirect beneficial interest in the securityof an issue,
(a) if you are involved, either directly or as part of a larger research group, in analysis of the issuer;
(b) if you participate in the decision to include the company on "buy" or "sell" lists or model portfolios; or
(c) before you place an initial order for an account you manage.
In such instances, you must initially disclose that beneficial interest to your Chief Investment Officer and/or Director or Research, with a copy to Code of Ethics Administration, using Schedule E (or on a form containing substantially similar information) that has been signed by your Chief Investment Officer and/or Director or Research.
Additionally, you must re-disclose to your your Chief Investment Officer/Director or Research, if you participate in decisions to change the recommendation of the security (e.g. Recommending to increase or decrease portfolio weighting).
PART 4 - REPORTING REQUIREMENTS FOR CODE OF ETHICS PERSONS (EXCLUDING
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND OF CERTAIN ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI)
Reference to Access Persons in this Part 4 do not apply to the Independent Directors of the Funds and of FRI. Reporting requirements applicable to Independent Directors of the Funds are separately described in Part 6.
4.1 REPORTING OF BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP AND SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
Compliance with the following personal securities transaction reporting procedures is essential to meeting our responsibilities with respect to the Funds and other clients as well as complying with regulatory requirements. You are expected to comply with both the letter and spirit of these requirements by completing and filing all reports required under the Code in a timely manner. If you have any questions about which reporting requirements apply to you, please contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
4.2 INITIAL REPORTS
A. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM (SUPERVISED PERSONS, ACCESS PERSONS AND
PORTFOLIO PERSONS)
All Supervised Persons, Access Persons and Portfolio Persons must complete and return an executed Acknowledgement Form to the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than ten (10) calendar days after the date the person is notified by a member of the Human Resources Department.
B. SCHEDULE C - INITIAL & ANNUAL DISCLOSURE OF BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS,
SECURITIES HOLDINGS AND DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY (ACCESS PERSONS AND
PORTFOLIO PERSONS)
In addition, all Access Persons and Portfolio Persons must also file Schedule C
(Initial & Annual Disclosure of Brokerage Accounts, Securities Holdings and
Discretionary Authority) by returning the completed form to Human Resources no
later than ten (10) calendar days after becoming an Access or Portfolio Person.
The submitted information must be current as of a date not more than forty-five
(45) days prior to becoming an Access or Portfolio Person.
4.3 QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORTS
A. ACCESS PERSONS AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS
You must report ALL securities transactions except for those (1) effected pursuant to an Automatic Investment Plan (however, any transaction that overrides the preset schedule or allocations of the automatic investment plan must be included in a quarterly transaction report.); or (2) that would duplicate information contained in broker confirmations or statements.
You must provide the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than
thirty (30) calendar days after the end of each calendar quarter, with either;
(i) copies of all broker's confirmations and statements (which may be sent under
separate cover by the broker) showing all your securities transactions and
holdings in such securities, or (ii) a completed Schedule B (Transactions
Report). Please use Schedule B only when your securities transactions do not
generate a statement or do not take place in a brokerage account. Brokerage
statements and confirmations submitted must include all transactions in
securities in which you have, or by reason of the transaction acquire any direct
or indirect beneficial ownership, including transactions in a discretionary
account and transactions for any account in which you have any economic interest
AND have or share investment control. Please remember that you must report all
securities acquired by gift, inheritance, vesting,/2 stock splits, merger or
reorganization of the issuer of the security.
Failure to timely report transactions is a violation of Rule 17j-1, Rule 204A-1, as well as the Code, and will be reported to the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Fund's Board of Directors and may also result in disciplinary action, up to and including, termination.
4.4 ANNUAL REPORTS
A. SECURITIES ACCOUNTS AND SECURITIES HOLDINGS REPORTS (ACCESS PERSONS
AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS)
You must file a report of all personal securities accounts and securities holdings on Schedule C (Initial and Annual Disclosure of Brokerage Accounts, Investment Advisory Accounts, Securities Holdings and Discretionary Authority), with the Code of Ethics Administration Department, annually by February 1st. You must report the name and description of each securities account in which you have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, including securities accounts of your immediate family residing in the same household. You must provide information on any account that is covered under Section 3.2 of the Code.
This report should include ALL of your securities holdings, including any security acquired by a transaction, gift, inheritance, vesting, merger or reorganization of the issuer of the security, in which you have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership, including securities holdings in a discretionary account. Your securities holding information must be current as of a date no more than forty-five (45) days before the report is submitted. You may attach copies of year-end brokerage statements to Schedule C in lieu of listing each of your security positions on the Schedule.
B. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM (SUPERVISED PERSONS, ACCESS PERSONS AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS)
Supervised Persons, Access Persons and Portfolio Persons, will be asked to certify by February 1st annually that they have complied with and will comply with the CODE and Insider Trading Policy by filing the Acknowledgment Form with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
4.5 BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS, INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUNTS AND CONFIRMATIONS OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS (ACCESS PERSONS AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS)
Before or at a time contemporaneous with opening a brokerage account or investment advisory account with a registered broker-dealer, or a bank, or placing an initial order for the purchase or sale of securities with that broker-dealer, investment adviser or bank, you must:
(a) notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department, in writing, by completing Schedule D (Notification of Securities Account) or by providing substantially similar information; and
(b) notify the institution with which you open the account, in writing, of your association with Franklin Templeton Investments.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department will request, in writing, that the institution send duplicate copies of confirmations and statements for all transactions effected in the account simultaneously with their mailing of such confirmation and statement to you.
If you have an existing account on the effective date of this Code or upon becoming an Access or Portfolio Person, you must comply within ten (10) days with conditions (a) and (b) above.
PART 5 - PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS (APPLICABLE TO ACCESS PERSONS (EXCLUDING
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND CERTAIN INVESTMENT ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI) AND PORTFOLIO PERSONS
References to Access Persons in this Part 5 do not apply to the Independent Directors of the Funds and Certain Investment Advisory Subsidiaries of FRI. Pre-clearance requirements applicable to Independent Directors of the Funds are separately described in Part 6.
PRIOR APPROVAL (PRE-CLEARANCE) OF SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
A. LENGTH OF APPROVAL
You shall not buy or sell any security without first contacting a member of the Code of Ethics Administration Department either electronically or by phone and obtaining his or her approval, unless your proposed transaction is covered by paragraph B below. Approval for a proposed transaction will remain valid until the close of the business day following the day pre-clearance is granted but may be extended in special circumstances, shortened or rescinded, as explained in the section entitled Pre-clearance Standards in Appendix A.
B. SECURITIES NOT REQUIRING PRE-CLEARANCE
You do not need to request pre-clearance for the types of securities or transactions listed below. However, all other provisions of the Code apply, including, but not limited to: (i) the prohibited transaction provisions contained in Part 3.4 such as front-running; (ii) the additional compliance requirements applicable to Portfolio Persons contained in Part 3.4(D), (iii) the applicable reporting requirements contained in Part 4; and (iv) insider trading prohibitions described in the Insider Trading Policy.
If you have any questions, contact the Code of Ethics Administration Department before engaging in the transaction. If you have any doubt whether you have or might acquire direct or indirect beneficial ownership or have or share investment control over an account or entity in a particular transaction, or whether a transaction involves a security covered by the Code, you should consult with the Code of Ethics Administration Department before engaging in the transaction.
You need NOT pre-clear the following types of transactions or securities:
1) FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC., AND CLOSED-END FUNDS OF FRANKlIN TEMPLETON GROUP OF FUNDS. Purchases and sales of securities of Franklin Resources, Inc. and closed-end funds of Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, as these securities cannot be purchased on behalf of our advisory clients./3
2) SHARES OF OPEN-END INVESTMENT COMPANIES (INCLUDING REPORTABLE FUNDS),
3) SMALL QUANTITIES (NOT APPLICABLE TO OPTION TRANSACTIONS (EXCEPT INDEX OPTIONS) OR CORPORATE BONDS).
o Transactions of 500 shares or less of any security regardless of
where it is traded in any 30-day period including Exchange Traded
Funds (ETFs) (including SPDRS), Holding Company Depository Receipts
(Holdrs) and index options (5 contracts); or
o Transactions in municipal bonds with a face value of $100,000 or
less in any 30-day period.
o Option Transactions and Corporate Bond Transactions: The small
quantities rule is not applicable to transactions in options
(except index options) and corporate bonds. All option and
corporate bond transactions must be pre-cleared except for employer
stock options as noted in employer stock option programs below.
PLEASE NOTE THAT YOU MAY NOT EXECUTE ANY TRANSACTION, REGARDLESS OF QUANTITY, IF YOU LEARN THAT THE FUNDS OR CLIENTS ARE ACTIVE IN THE SECURITY. IT WILL BE PRESUMED THAT YOU HAVE KNOWLEDGE OF FUND OR CLIENT ACTIVITY IN THE SECURITY IF, AMONG OTHER THINGS, YOU ARE DENIED APPROVAL TO GO FORWARD WITH A TRANSACTION REQUEST.
"SECURITY", WOULD INCLUDE SECURITIES OF THE ISSUER THAT ARE ECONOMICALLY EQUIVALENT TO YOUR PROPOSED TRANSACTION. FOR EXAMPLE, YOU MAY NOT PURCHASEE CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK OR CALL OPTIONS OF COMPANY ABC IF YOU LEARN THAT THE FUNDS OR CLIENTS ARE ACTIVE IN THE COMMON STOCK OF COMPANY ABC.
4) DIVIDEND REINVESTMENT PLANS: Transactions made pursuant to dividend reinvestment plans ("DRIPs") do not require pre-clearance regardless of quantity or Fund activity.
5) GOVERNMENT OBLIGATIONS. Transactions in securities issued or guaranteed by the governments of the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Switzerland, Italy and Japan, or their agencies or instrumentalities, or derivatives thereof.
6) PAYROLL DEDUCTION PLANS. Securities purchased by an Access Person's spouse pursuant to a payroll deduction program.
7) EMPLOYER STOCK OPTION PROGRAMS. Transactions involving the exercise and/or purchase/sale by an Access Person or an Access Person's spouse of securities pursuant to a program sponsored by a company employing the Access Person or Access Person's spouse.
8) PRO RATA DISTRIBUTIONS. Purchases effected by the exercise of rights issued pro rata to all holders of a class of securities or the sale of rights so received.
9) TENDER OFFERS. Transactions in securities pursuant to a bona fide tender offer made for any and all such securities to all similarly situated shareholders in conjunction with mergers, acquisitions, reorganizations and/or similar corporate actions. However, tenders pursuant to offers for less than all outstanding securities of a class of securities of an issuer must be pre-cleared.
10) SECURITIES PROHIBITED FOR PURCHASE BY THE FUNDS AND OTHER CLIENTS.
Transactions in any securities that are prohibited investments for all Funds and clients advised by the entity employing the Access Person.
11) VARIABLE RATE DEMAND OBLIGATION/NOTE TRANACTIONS.
12) NO INVESTMENT CONTROL. Transactions effected for an account or entity over which you do not have or share investment control (i.e., an account where someone else exercises complete investment control).
13) NO BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP. Transactions in which you do not acquire or dispose of direct or indirect beneficial ownership (i.e., an account where in you have no financial interest).
C. DISCRETIONARY ACCOUNTS
You need not pre-clear transactions in any discretionary account for which a registered broker-dealer, a registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity, exercises sole investment discretion, if the following conditions are met:/4
(1) The terms of each account relationship ("Agreement") must be in writing and filed with the Code of Ethics Administration Department prior to any transactions.
(2) Any amendment to each Agreement must be filed with the Code of Ethics Administration Department prior to its effective date.
(3) The Access Person certifies to the Code of Ethics Administration Department at the time such account relationship commences, and annually thereafter, as contained in Schedule C of the Code that such Access Person does not have direct or indirect influence or control over the account, other than the right to terminate the account.
(4) Additionally, any discretionary account that you open or maintain with a registered broker-dealer, a registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity must provide duplicate copies of confirmations and statements for all transactions effected in the account simultaneously with their delivery to you. If your discretionary account acquires securities that are not reported to the Code of Ethics Administration Department by a duplicate confirmation, such transaction must be reported to the Code of Ethics Administration Department on Schedule B (Transactions Report) no later than thirty (30) days after the end of the calendar quarter after you are notified of the acquisition./5
However, if prior to making ANY request you advised the discretionary account manager to enter into or refrain from a specific transaction or class of transactions, you must first consult with the Code of Ethics Administration Department and obtain approval prior to making such request.
PART 6 - REQUIREMENTS FOR INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS OF THE FUNDS AND CERTAIN
INVESTMENT ADVISORY SUBSIDIARIES OF FRI.
6.1 PRE-CLEARANCE REQUIREMENTS
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI shall pre-clear or report on any securities transactions if they knew or should have known that during the 15-day period before or after the transaction the security was purchased or sold or considered for purchase or sale by the Fund. Such pre-clearance and reporting requirements shall not apply to securities transactions conducted in an account where an Independent Director has granted full investment discretion to a brokerage firm, bank or investment adviser or conducted in a trust account in which the trustee has full investment discretion.
6.2 REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
A. INITIAL REPORTS
1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT FORM
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI must complete and return an executed Acknowledgement Form to the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than ten (10) calendar days after the date the person becomes an Independent Director of the Fund.
2. DISCLOSURE OF SECURITIES HOLDINGS, BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS AND DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI are not required to disclose any securities holdings, brokerage accounts, including brokerage accounts where he/she has granted discretionary authority to a brokerage firm, bank or investment adviser.
B. QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORTS
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI are not required to file any quarterly transaction reports unless he/she knew or should have known that, during the 15-day period before or after a transaction, the security was purchased or sold, or considered for purchase or sale, by a Fund or by Franklin Templeton Investments on behalf of a Fund.
C. ANNUAL REPORTS
Independent Directors of the Funds and certain investment advisory subsidiaries of FRI will be asked to certify by February 1st annually that they have complied with and will comply with the Code and Insider Trading Policy by filing the Acknowledgment Form with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
PART 7 - PENALTIES FOR VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE
The Code is designed to assure compliance with applicable laws and to maintain shareholder confidence in Franklin Templeton Investments.
In adopting this Code, it is the intention of the Boards of Directors/Trustees of the subsidiaries listed in Appendix C of this Code, together with Franklin Resources, Inc., and the Funds, to attempt to achieve 100% compliance with all requirements of the Code - but recognize that this may not be possible. Certain incidental failures to comply with the Code are not necessarily a violation of the law or the Code. Such violations of the Code not resulting in a violation of law or the Code will be referred to the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the relevant management personnel, and disciplinary action commensurate with the violation, if warranted, will be imposed. Additionally, if you violate any of the enumerated prohibited transactions contained in Parts 3 and 4 of the Code, you will be expected to give up ANY profits realized from these transactions to Franklin Resources, Inc. for the benefit of the affected Funds or other clients. If Franklin Resources, Inc. cannot determine which Funds or clients were affected the proceeds will be donated to a charity chosen either by you or by Franklin Resources, Inc. Please refer to the following page for guidance on the types of sanctions that would likely be imposed for violations of the Code.
Failure to disgorge profits when requested or even a pattern of violations that individually do not violate the law or the Code, but which taken together demonstrate a lack of respect for the Code, may result in more significant disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment. A violation of the Code resulting in a violation of the law will be severely sanctioned, with disciplinary action potentially including, but not limited to, referral of the matter to the board of directors of the affected Fund, senior management of the appropriate investment adviser, principal underwriter or other Franklin subsidiary and/or the board of directors of Franklin Resources, Inc., termination of employment and referral of the matter to the appropriate regulatory agency for civil and/or criminal investigation.
CODE OF ETHICS SANCTION GUIDELINES
PLEASE BE AWARE THAT THESE GUIDELINES REPRESENT ONLY A REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING OF THE POSSIBLE SANCTIONS THAT MAY BE TAKEN AGAINST YOU IN THE EVENT OF A VIOLATION OF THE CODE. REPEATED VIOLATIONS OF THE CODE, EVEN INADVERTENT VIOLATIONS THAT DO NOT HARM FUNDS OR CLIENTS, WILL VIEWED AS DISREGARDING PRINCIPALS OF THE CODE AND SANCTION WILL BE MORE SEVER.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------- VIOLATION SANCTION IMPOSED ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Failure to pre-clear but otherwise Reminder Memo would have been approved (i.e., no conflict with the fund's transactions). ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Failure to pre-clear but otherwise 30 Day Personal Securities would have been approved (i.e., no Trading Suspension conflict with the fund's transactions) twice within twelve (12) calendar months o Failure to pre-clear and the transaction would not have been approved ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Failure to pre-clear and the transaction Immediate sale, 30 Day Personal would not have been approved twice Securities Trading Suspension within twenty-four (24) calendar month) and Disgorgement of Profits ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Trading on a denied request Immediate sale, Disgorgement of Profits, length of suspen- ion and any additional penalties will be imposed based on the review of all facts and circumstances ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Profiting from short-swing trades Immediate Disgorgement of (profiting on purchase & sale or sale & Profits purchase within sixty (60) days) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Failure to return initial or annual Sanction may include but not disclosure forms limited to a reminder memo, o Failure to timely report transactions suspension of personal trading, monetary sanctions, reporting to the Board of Directors, placed on unpaid administrative leave or termination of employment ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- o Violation of Insider Trading Compliance Subject to review by the Policy Procedures appropriate supervisor in consultation with the Franklin Resources Inc., General Counsel for consideration of appropriate disciplinary action up to and including termination of employment and reporting to the appropriate regulatory agency. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
PART 8 - A REMINDER ABOUT THE FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENTS INSIDER TRADING
POLICY
The Insider Trading Policy (see the attached Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures) deals with the problem of insider trading in securities that could result in harm to a Fund, a client, or members of the public. It applies to all Code of Ethics Persons. The guidelines and requirements described in the Insider Trading Policy go hand-in-hand with the Code. If you have any questions or concerns about compliance with the Code and the Insider Trading Policy you are encouraged to speak with the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
APPENDIX A: COMPLIANCE PROCEDURES AND DEFINITIONS
This appendix sets forth the responsibilities and obligations of the Compliance Officers of each entity that has adopted the Code, the Code of Ethics Administration Department, and the Legal Department, under the Code and Insider Trading Policy.
I. RESPONSIBILITIES OF EACH DESIGNATED COMPLIANCE OFFICER
A. PRE-CLEARANCE STANDARDS
1. GENERAL PRINCIPLES
The Director of Global Compliance, the Chief Compliance Officer and/or the Code of Ethics Administration Department, shall permit an Access Person to go forward with a proposed security/9 transaction only if he or she determines that, considering all of the facts and circumstances known to them, the transaction does not violate Federal Securities Laws, or this Code and there is no likelihood of harm to a Fund or client.
2. ASSOCIATED CLIENTS
Unless there are special circumstances that make it appropriate to disapprove a personal securities transaction request, the Code of Ethics Administration Department shall consider only those securities transactions of the "Associated Clients" of the Access Person, including open and executed orders and recommendations, in determining whether to approve such a request. "Associated Clients" are those Funds or clients whose securities holdings and/or trading information would be available to the Access Person during the course of his or her regular functions or duties. As of November 2004, there are five groups of Associated Clients: (i) the Franklin Mutual Series Funds and clients advised by Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC ("Mutual Clients"); (ii) the Franklin Group of Funds and the clients advised by the various Franklin investment advisers ("Franklin Clients"); (iii) the Templeton Group of Funds and the clients advised by the various Templeton investment advisers ("Templeton Clients"); (iv) the Bissett Group of Funds and the clients advised by Franklin Templeton Investments Corp. ("Bisset Clients"); and (v) the Fiduciary Group of funds and the clients advised by the various Fiduciary investment advisers ("Fiduciary Clients"). Other Associated Clients will be added to this list as they are established. Thus, for example, persons who have access to the trading information of Mutual Clients generally will be pre-cleared solely against the securities transactions of the Mutual Clients, including open and executed orders and recommendations. Similarly, persons who have access to the trading information of Franklin Clients, Templeton Clients, Bissett Clients, or Fiduciary Clients, generally will be pre-cleared solely against the securities transactions of Franklin Clients, Templeton Clients, Bissett Clients or Fiduciary Clients respectively.
Certain officers of Franklin Templeton Investments, as well as certain employees in the Legal, Global Compliance, Fund Accounting, Investment Operations and other personnel who generally have access to trading information of the Funds and clients of Franklin Templeton Investments during the course of their regular functions and duties, will have their personal securities transactions pre-cleared against executed transactions, open orders and recommendations of all Associated Clients.
3. SPECIFIC STANDARDS
(a) SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS BY FUNDS OR CLIENTS
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day during which an Associated Client of the Access Person has executed a buy or sell order in that security, until seven (7) calendar days after the order has been executed. Notwithstanding a transaction in the previous seven days, clearance may be granted to sell if all Associated Clients have disposed of the security.
(b) SECURITIES UNDER CONSIDERATION
OPEN ORDERS
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day which an Associated Client of the Access Person has a pending buy or sell order for such security, until seven (7) calendar days after the order has been executed or if the order is immediately withdrawn.
RECOMMENDATIONS
No clearance shall be given for any transaction in any security on any day on which a recommendation for such security was made by a Portfolio Person, until seven (7) calendar days after the recommendation was made and no orders have subsequently been executed or are pending.
(c) LIMITED OFFERING (PRIVATE PLACEMENT)
In considering requests by Access Persons for approval of limited partnerships and other limited offering, the Director of Global Compliance or Chief Compliance Officer shall take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or other client, and whether the investment opportunity is being offered to the Access Person by virtue of his or her position with Franklin Templeton Investments. If the Access Person receives clearance for the transaction, an investment in the same issuer may only be made for a Fund or client if an executive officer of Franklin Resources, Inc., who has been informed of the Portfolio Person's pre-existing investment and who has no interest in the issuer, approves the transaction. Please see Schedule F.
(d) DURATION OF CLEARANCE
If the Code of Ethics Administration Department approves a proposed securities transaction, the order for the transaction must be placed and effected by the close of the next business day following the day approval was granted. The Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer may, in his or her discretion, extend the clearance period up to seven (7) calendar days, beginning on the date of the approval, for a securities transaction of any Access Person who demonstrates that special circumstances make the extended clearance period necessary and appropriate./10 The Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer may, in his or her discretion, after consultation with an executive officer of Franklin Resources, Inc., renew the approval for a particular transaction for up to an additional seven (7) calendar days upon a showing of special circumstances by the Access Person. The Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer may shorten or rescind any approval or renewal of approval under this paragraph if he or she determines it is appropriate to do so.
B. WAIVERS BY THE DIRECTOR OF GLOBAL COMPLIANCE AND/OR THE CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
The Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer may, in his or her discretion, waive compliance by any Access Person with the provisions of the Code, if he or she finds that such a waiver:
(1) is necessary to alleviate undue hardship or in view of unforeseen circumstances or is otherwise appropriate under all the relevant facts and circumstances;
(2) will not be inconsistent with the purposes and objectives of the Code;
(3) will not adversely affect the interests of advisory clients of Franklin Templeton Investments, the interests of Franklin Templeton Investments or its affiliates; and
(4) will not result in a transaction or conduct that would violate provisions of applicable laws or regulations.
Any waiver shall be in writing, shall contain a statement of the basis for it, and the Director of Global Compliance or the Chief Compliance Officer, shall promptly send a copy to the General Counsel of Franklin Resources, Inc.
C. CONTINUING RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
PRE-CLEARANCE RECORDKEEPING
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep a record of all requests for pre-clearance regarding the purchase or sale of a security, including the date of the request, the name of the Access Person, the details of the proposed transaction, and whether the request was approved or denied. The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep a record of any waivers given, including the reasons for each exception and a description of any potentially conflicting Fund or client transactions.
INITIAL, ANNUAL HOLDINGS REPORTS AND QUARTERLY TRANSACTION REPORTS
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall also collect the signed Acknowledgment Forms from Supervised and Access Persons as well as reports, on Schedules B, C, D, E, F, G of the Code, as applicable. In addition, the Code of Ethics Administration Department shall keep records of all confirmations, and other information with respect to an account opened and maintained with the broker-dealer by any Access Person of Franklin Templeton Investments. The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall preserve those acknowledgments and reports, the records of consultations and waivers, and the confirmations, and other information for the period required by the applicable regulation.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall review brokerage transaction confirmations, account statements, Schedules B, C, D, E, F and G for compliance with the Code. The reviews shall include, but are not limited to;
(1) Comparison of brokerage confirmations, Schedule Bs, and/or brokerage statements to pre-clearance requests or, if a private placement, the Private Placement Checklist;
(2) Comparison of brokerage statements and/or Schedule Cs to current securities holding information, securities account information and discretionary authority information; and
(3) Conducting periodic "back-testing" of Access Person transactions, Schedule Cs and/or Schedule Es in comparison to fund and client transactions.
The Code of Ethics Administration Department shall evidence review by initialing and dating the appropriate document or log. Violations of the Code detected by the Code of Ethics Administration Department during his or her reviews shall be promptly brought to the attention of the Director of Global Compliance and/or the Chief Compliance Officer with periodic reports to each appropriate Chief Compliance Officer.
D. PERIODIC RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION
DEPARTMENT
The Code of Ethics Administration Department or designated group shall consult with FRI's General Counsel and seek the assistance of the Human Resources Department, as the case may be, to assure that:
1. Adequate reviews and audits are conducted to monitor compliance with the reporting, pre-clearance, prohibited transaction and other requirements of the Code.
2. All Code of Ethics Persons are adequately informed and receive appropriate education and training as to their duties and obligations under the Code.
3. All new Supervised and Access Persons of Franklin Templeton Investments are required to complete the Code of Ethics Computer Based Training program. Onsite training will be conducted on an "as needed" basis.
4. There are adequate educational, informational and monitoring efforts to ensure that reasonable steps are taken to prevent and detect unlawful insider trading by Supervised and Access Persons and to control access to inside information.
5. Written compliance reports are submitted to the Board of Directors of each relevant Fund at least quarterly. Additionally, written compliance reports are submitted to the Board of Directors of Franklin Resources, Inc., and the Board of each relevant Fund at least annually. Such reports will describe any issues arising under the Code or procedures since the last report, including, but not limited to, information about material violations of the Code or procedures and sanctions imposed in response to the material violations.
6. The Global Compliance Department will certify at least annually to the Fund's board of directors that Franklin Templeton Investments has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Supervised and Access Persons from violating the Code, and
7. Appropriate records are kept for the periods required by law. Types of records include pre-clearance requests and approvals, brokerage confirmations, brokerage statements, initial and annual Code of Ethics certifications.
E. APPROVAL BY FUND'S BOARD OF DIRECTORS
(1) BASIS FOR APPROVAL
The Board of Directors/Trustees must base its approval of the Code on a determination that the Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from engaging in any conduct prohibited by Rule 17j-1 or Rule 204A-1. The Code of Ethics Administration Department maintains a detailed list of violations and will amend the Code of Ethics and procedures in an attempt to reduce such violations.
(2) NEW FUNDS
At the time a new fund is organized, the Code Of Ethics Administration Department will provide the Fund's board of directors, a certification that the investment adviser and principal underwriter has adopted procedures reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from violating the Code. Such certification will state that the Code contains provisions reasonably necessary to prevent Code of Ethics Persons from violating the Code.
(3) MATERIAL CHANGES TO THE CODE OF ETHICS
The Global Compliance Department will provide the Fund's board of directors a written description of all material changes to the Code no later than six months after adoption of the material change by Franklin Templeton Investments.
II. DEFINITIONS OF IMPORTANT TERMS
For purposes of the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy, the terms below have the following meanings:
1934 ACT - The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
1940 ACT - The Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
ACCESS PERSON - (1) Each director, trustee, general partner or officer of a Fund or investment adviser in Franklin Templeton Investments; (2) any Advisory Representative; and (3) any director, trustee, general partner or officer of a principal underwriter of the Funds, who has access to information concerning recommendations made to a Fund or client with regard to the purchase or sale of a security.
ADVISERS ACT - The Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.
ADVISORY REPRESENTATIVE - Any director, trustee, general partner, officer or employee of a Fund or investment adviser of Franklin Templeton Investments (or of any company in a control relationship to such Fund or investment adviser) who in connection with his or her regular functions or duties makes any recommendation, who participates in the determination of which recommendation shall be made; or who, obtains any information concerning which securities are being recommended prior to the effective dissemination of such recommendations.
AFFILIATED PERSON - it has the same meaning as Section 2(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An "affiliated person" of an investment company includes directors, officers, employees, and the investment adviser. In addition, it includes any person owning 5% of the company's voting securities, any person in which the investment company owns 5% or more of the voting securities, and any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the company.
APPROPRIATE ANALYST - With respect to any Access Person, any securities analyst or portfolio manager making investment recommendations or investing funds on behalf of an Associated Client and who may be reasonably expected to recommend or consider the purchase or sale of a security.
ASSOCIATED CLIENT - A Fund or client whose trading information would be available to the Access Person during the course of his or her regular functions or duties.
AUTOMATIC INVESTMENT PLAN-A program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocations. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP - Has the same meaning as in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the 1934 Act. Generally, a person has a beneficial ownership in a security if he or she, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the security. There is a presumption of a pecuniary interest in a security held or acquired by a member of a person's immediate family sharing the same household.
EXCHANGE TRADED FUNDS AND HOLDING COMPANY DEPOSITORY RECEIPTS - An
Exchange-Traded Fund or "ETF" is a basket of securities that is designed
to generally track an index--broad stock or bond market, stock industry
sector, or international stock. Holding Company Depository Receipts
"Holdrs" are securities that represent an investor's ownership in the
common stock or American Depository Receipts of specified companies in a
particular industry, sector or group.
FUNDS -U.S. registered investment companies in the Franklin Templeton Group of Funds.
HELD OR TO BE ACQUIRED - A security is "held or to be acquired" if within the most recent 15 days it (i) is or has been held by a Fund, or (ii) is being or has been considered by a Fund or its investment adviser for purchase by the Fund.
INITIAL PUBLIC OFFERING - An offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which immediately before the registration was not subject to the reporting requirements of sections 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
LIMITED OFFERING- An offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to section 4(2) or section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, Rule 505, or Rule 506 under the Securities Act of 1933.
PORTFOLIO PERSON - Any employee of Franklin Templeton Investments, who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in the decision to purchase or sell a security by a Fund in Franklin Templeton Group of Funds, or any other client or if his or her functions relate to the making of any recommendations about those purchases or sales. Portfolio Persons include portfolio managers, research analysts, traders, persons serving in equivalent capacities (such as Management Trainees), persons supervising the activities of Portfolio Persons, and anyone else designated by the Director of Global Compliance.
PROPRIETARY INFORMATION - Information that is obtained or developed during the ordinary course of employment with Franklin Templeton Investments, whether by you or someone else, and is not available to persons outside of Franklin Templeton Investments. Examples of such Proprietary Information include, among other things, internal research reports, research materials supplied to Franklin Templeton Investments by vendors and broker-dealers not generally available to the public, minutes of departmental/research meetings and conference calls, and communications with company officers (including confidentiality agreements). Examples of non-Proprietary Information include mass media publications (e.g., The Wall Street Journal, Forbes, and Fortune), certain specialized publications available to the public (e.g., Morningstar, Value Line, Standard and Poors), and research reports available to the general public.
REPORTABLE FUND - Any fund for which an Franklin Templeton Investments' U.S.
registered investment adviser ("FTI Adviser") serves as an investment
adviser or a sub-adviser or any fund whose investment adviser or
principal underwriter controls a FTI Adviser, is controlled by a FTI
adviser or is under common control with a FTI Adviser.
SECURITY - Any stock, note, bond, evidence of indebtedness, participation or interest in any profit-sharing plan or limited or general partnership, investment contract, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil or gas or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit), guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe for or purchase any of the foregoing, and in general any interest or instrument commonly known as a security. For purposes of the Code, security does not include:
1. direct obligations of the U.S. government (i.e. securities issued or
guaranteed by the U.S. government such as Treasury bills, notes and
bonds including U.S. savings bonds and derivatives thereof);
2. money market instruments - banker's acceptances, bank certificates of
deposits, commercial paper, repurchase agreement and other high
quality short-term debt instruments;
3. shares of money market funds;
4. shares issued by open-end funds other than Reportable Funds; and
5. Shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively
in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Reportable Funds.
SUPERVISED PERSONS- Supervised persons are an advisers' partners, officers, directors (or other persons occupying a similar status or performing similar functions), and employees, as well as any other persons who provide advice on behalf of the adviser and are subject to the supervision and control of the adviser.
APPENDIX B: ACKNOWLEDGMENT FORM AND SCHEDULES
INITIAL AND ANNUAL
ACKNOWLEDGMENT FORM
CODE OF ETHICS AND INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES
INSTRUCTIONS: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to Code of Ethics Administration Department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. (internal) P.O. Box 25050 Lpreclear@frk.com (external) San Mateo, CA 94402-5050
TO: CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
I HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE RECEIPT OF A COPY OF THE FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENT'S CODE OF ETHICS ("CODE") AND INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES, AS AMENDED, WHICH I HAVE READ AND UNDERSTAND. I WILL COMPLY FULLY WITH ALL PROVISIONS OF THE CODE AND THE INSIDER TRADING POLICY TO THE EXTENT THEY APPLY TO ME DURING THE PERIOD OF MY EMPLOYMENT. IF THIS IS AN ANNUAL CERTIFICATION, I CERTIFY THAT I HAVE COMPLIED WITH ALL PROVISIONS OF THE CODE AND THE INSIDER TRADING POLICY TO THE EXTENT THEY APPLIED TO ME OVER THE PAST YEAR. ADDITIONALLY, I AUTHORIZE ANY BROKER-DEALER, BANK, OR INVESTMENT ADVISER WITH WHOM I HAVE SECURITIES ACCOUNTS AND ACCOUNTS IN WHICH I HAVE DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP, TO PROVIDE BROKERAGE CONFIRMATIONS AND STATEMENTS AS REQUIRED FOR COMPLIANCE WITH THE CODE. I FURTHER UNDERSTAND AND ACKNOWLEDGE THAT ANY VIOLATION OF THE CODE OR INSIDER TRADING POLICY, INCLUDING ENGAGING IN A PROHIBITED TRANSACTION OR FAILURE TO FILE REPORTS AS REQUIRED (SEE SCHEDULES B, C, D, E, F AND G), MAY SUBJECT ME TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION UP TO AND INCLUDING TERMINATION OF EMPLOYMENT.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME (PRINT) SIGNATURE DATE SUBMITTED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- TITLE DEPARTMENT NAME LOCATION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
[ ] [ ] [ ] [ ]
INITIAL DISCLOSURE ANNUAL DISCLOSURE YEAR END
(check this box if you're (check this box if a new access person) annual certification) (FOR COMPLIANCE USE ONLY) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ ] [ ] [ ] |
SCHEDULE A: LEGAL AND COMPLIANCE OFFICERS CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPT.
CONTACT INFO/11
LEGAL OFFICER
Craig Tyle
Executive Vice President & General Counsel
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-4161
Fax: (650) 312-2221
Email: ctyle@frk.com
COMPLIANCE OFFICERS
DIRECTOR, GLOBAL COMPLIANCE
Jim Davis
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-2832
Fax: (650) 312-5676
Email: jdavis@frk.com
CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER
Tim Stearns
Franklin Templeton Investments
500 East Broward Blvd., Suite 2100
Fort Lauderdale, FL 33394-3091
Tel: (954) 527-7630
Fax: (954) 847-2470
Email: tstearns@templeton.com
Breda Beckerle
Franklin Templeton Investments
600 5th Avenue, 5th Floor
New York, NY 10020
Tel: (212) 632-3025
Fax: (212) 632-4055
Email: bbecker@frk.com
CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT
Maria Abbott, Manager
Darlene James
Simon Li
Tadao Hayashi
Global Compliance Department
Franklin Templeton Investments
One Franklin Parkway
San Mateo, CA 94403-1906
Tel: (650) 312-3693
Fax: (650) 312-5646
Email: Preclear-Code of Ethics (internal)
Lpreclear@frk.com (external)
SCHEDULE B: TRANSACTIONS REPORT
INSTRUCTIONS: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to the Code of Ethics Administration Department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650)312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics (internal) Administration Dept Lpreclear@frk.com (external) P.O. Box 25050 San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
This report of personal securities transactions not reported by duplicate confirmations and brokerage statements pursuant to Section 4.3 of the Code is required pursuant to Rule 204A-1of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 17j-1(d) of the Investment Company Act of 1940. The report must be completed and submitted to the Code of Ethics Administration Department no later than thirty (30) calendar days after the end of the calendar quarter in which you completed such as transaction. Refer to Section 4.3 of the Code for further instructions.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PRINCIPAL SECURITY NAME PRICE (& AMOUNT ( & DESCRIPTION/TICKER CURRENCY CURRENCY SYMBOL OR CUSIP TYPE TYPE PRE-CLEARED NUMBER/TYPE OF IF IF THROUGH SECURITY (INTEREST QUANTITY NOT NOT BROKER DEALER/ COMPLIANCE TRADE BUY, SELL RATE AND MATURITY (NUMBER OF IN U.S. IN U.S. BANK AND DEPARTMENT DATE OR OTHER DATE, IF APPLICABLE) SHARES) DOLLARS) DOLLARS) ACCOUNT NUMBER (DATE OR N/A) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- THIS REPORT SHALL NOT BE CONSTRUED AS AN ADMISSION THAT I HAVE ANY DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL OWNERSHIP IN THE SECURITIES DESCRIBED ABOVE. |
SCHEDULE C: INITIAL & ANNUAL DISCLOSURE OF BROKERAGE ACCOUNTS, INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUTNS, SECURITIES HOLDINGS AND DISCRETIONARY AUTHORITY
INSTRUCTIONS: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to the Code of Ethics Administration via:
INITIAL DISCLOSURE TO: Local Human Resources Dept. Contact Person
ANNUAL DISCLOSURE TO: Code of Ethics Administration Dept.
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650)312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept (internal) P.O. Box 25050 Lpreclear@frk.com (external) San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
This report shall set forth the name and/or description of each securities account and holding in which you have a direct or indirect beneficial interest, including securities accounts and holdings of a spouse, minor children or other immediate family member living in your home, trusts, foundations, and any account for which trading authority has been delegated to you, other than authority to trade for a Fund or other client of Franklin Templeton Investments or by you to an unaffiliated registered broker-dealer, registered investment adviser, or other investment manager acting in a similar fiduciary capacity, who exercises sole investment discretion. In lieu of listing each securities account and holding below, you may attach copies of current brokerage statements, sign below and return the Schedule C along with the brokerage statements to the Code of Ethics Administration Department within 10 days of becoming an Access Person if an initial report or by February 1st of each year, if an annual report. The information in this Schedule C or any attached brokerage statements must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date you become an Access Person or the date you submit your annual report. Refer to Part 4 of the Code for additional filing instructions.
Securities that are EXEMPT from being reported on the Schedule C include: (i) securities that are direct obligations of the U.S. Government, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, and U.S. Savings Bonds and derivatives thereof; (ii) high quality short-term instruments ("money market instruments") including but not limited to bankers' acceptances, U.S. bank certificates of deposit; commercial paper; and repurchase agreements; (iii) shares of money market funds; shares issued by open-end funds other than Reportable Funds (any fund for which a Franklin Templeton Investments' U.S. registered investment adviser ("FTI Adviser") serves as an investment adviser or a sub-adviser or any fund whose investment adviser or principal underwriter is controlled by an FTI adviser or is under common control with a FTI adviser); and shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested in one or more open-end funds none of which are Reportable Funds.
[ ] I DO NOT HAVE ANY BROKERAGE OR INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUNTS.
[ ] I DO NOT HAVE ANY SECURITIES HOLDINGS.
[ ] I HAVE ATTACHED STATEMENTS CONTAINING ALL MY BROKERAGE AND INVESTMENT
ADVISORY ACCOUNTS AND SECURITIES HOLDINGS.
[ ] I HAVE LISTED MY BROKERAGE AND INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUNTS CONTAINING NO
SECURITIES HOLDINGS.
[ ] I HAVE LISTED MY SECURITIES HOLDINGS NOT HELD IN A BROKERAGE AND INVESTMENT
ADVISORY ACCOUNT.
SECURITY ADDRESS ACCOUNT DESCRIPTON/TITLE NAME OF OF SECURITIES NUMBER TICKER/SYMBOL QUANTITY ACCOUNT NAME(S) SECURITIES FIRM, BANK OR (INCLUDING OR CUSIP # NUMBER OF CHECK THIS (REGISTRATION SHOWN FIRM, BANK INVESTMENT ADVISER FUND (INTEREST RATE SHARES & BOX IF ON STATEMENT) OR INVESTMENT (STREET/CITY/ NUMBER IF & MATURITY IF PRINCIPAL DISCRETIONARY ADVISER STATE/ZIP CODE) APPLICABLE APPROPRIATE) AMOUNT ACCOUNT ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, I HAVE DISCLOSED ALL OF MY SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT ADVOSRY ACCOUNTS AND/OR HOLDINGS IN WHICH I HAVE A DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL INTEREST, INCLUDING SECURITIES AND INVESTMENT ADVISORY ACCOUNTS AND/OR HOLDINGS OF A SPOUSE, MINOR CHILDREN OR OTHER IMMEDIATE MEMBER LIVING IN MY HOME, TRUSTS, FOUNDATIONS, AND ANY ACCOUNT FOR WHICH TRADING AUTHORITY HAS BEEN DELEGATED TO ME OR BY ME TO AN UNAFFILIATED REGISTERED BROKER-DEALER, REGISTERED INVESTMENT ADVISER, OR OTHER INVESTMENT MANAGER ACTING IN A SIMILAR FIDUCIARY CAPACITY, WHO EXERCISES SOLE INVESTMENT DISCRETION.
NAME (PRINT) SIGNATURE DATE SUBMITTED EMPLOYEE ID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INITIAL DISCLOSURE ANNUAL DISCLOSURE (CHECK THIS BOX IF (CHECK THIS YOU'RE A NEW BOX IF ANNUAL YEAR END ACCESS PERSON) CERTIFICATION) (FOR COMPLIANCE USE ONLY) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ ] [ ] ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration (internal) Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com P.O. Box 25050 (external) San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
All Access Persons, PRIOR TO OPENING A SECURITIES ACCOUNT OR PLACING AN INITIAL ORDER IN THE NEW ACCOUNT, are required to notify the Code of Ethics Administration Department and the executing broker-dealer in writing. This includes accounts in which the Access Person has or will have a financial interest in (e.g., a spouse's account) or discretionary authority (e.g., a trust account for a minor child) and for Reportable Form.
UPON RECEIPT OF THE NOTIFICATION OF SECURITIES ACCOUNT FORM, THE CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT WILL CONTACT THE BROKER-DEALER IDENTIFIED BELOW AND REQUEST THAT DUPLICATE CONFIRMATIONS AND STATEMENTS OF YOUR BROKERAGE ACCOUNT ARE SENT TO FRANKLIN TEMPLETON INVESTMENTS.
NAME ON THE ACCOUNT (IF ACCOUNT NUMBER OTHER THAN EMPLOYEE,STATE INCLUDING FUND DATE RELATIONSHIP I.E., SPOUSE) NUMBER IF APPLICABLE ESTABLISHED ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SECURITIES FIRM ADDRESS NAME OF YOUR REPRESENTATIVE (CITY/STATE/ SECURITIES FIRM (OPTIONAL) ZIP CODE) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE INFORMATION: ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NAME (PRINT) SIGNATURE DATE SUBMITTED EMPLOYEE ID ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- INTEROFFICE PHONE TITLE DEPARTMENT NAME MAIL CODE EXTENSION ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- PHONE EXTENSION SIGNATURE DATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NASD REGISTERED REPRESENTATIVE CODE OF ETHICS DESIGNATION (SERIES 6, 7, ETC.) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
SCHEDULE E: NOTIFICATION OF DIRECT OR INDIRECT BENEFICIAL INTEREST
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650)312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration (internal) Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com P.O. Box 2505 (external) San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
If you have any beneficial ownership in a security and it is recommended to the Appropriate Analyst that the security be considered for purchase or sale by an Associated Client, or if a purchase or sale of that security for an Associated Client is carried out, you must disclose your beneficial ownership to the Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research on Schedule E (or an equivalent form containing similar information) before the purchase or sale of the security, or before or simultaneously with the recommendation to purchase or sell a security. The Chief Investment Officer and/or Director of Research must review and sign Schedule E and send a copy of the Code of Ethics Administration Department.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DATE AND METHOD PRIMARY OWNERSHIP METHOD OF LEARNED THAT PORTFOLIO TYPE ACQUISITION SECURITY'S UNDER MANAGER OR NAME OF DATE OF SECURITY (DIRECT OR YEAR (PURCHASE/GIFT CONSIDERATION PORTFOLIO PERSON VERBAL DESCRIPTION INDIRECT) ACQUIRED OTHER) BY FUNDS ANALYST NOTIFIED NOTIFICATION ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE'S NAME (PRINT) SIGNATURE DATE SUMBITTED EMPLOYEE ID ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER ORD DIRECTOR OF RESEARCH NAME (PRINT) SIGNATURE DATE ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
SCHEDULE F: CHECKLIST FOR INVESTMENTS IN PARTNERSHIPS AND SECURITIES ISSUED IN
LIMITED OFFERINGS (PRIVATE PLACEMENTS)
INSTRUCTIONS: Print form, complete, sign and date and obtain CIO's signatures. Submit completed form to Code of Ethics Administration department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration (internal) Dept. Lpreclear@frk.com P.O. Box 2505 (external) San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
In deciding whether to approve a transaction, the Director of Global Compliance
or the Chief Compliance Officer shall take into account, among other factors,
whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a Fund or other
client, and whether the investment opportunity is being offered to the Access
Person by virtue of his or her position with Franklin Templeton Investments.
IF THE ACCESS PERSON RECEIVES CLEARANCE FOR THE TRANSACTION, NO INVESTMENT IN
THE SAME ISSUER MAY BE MADE FOR A FUND OR CLIENT UNLESS AN EXECUTIVE OFFICER OF
FRANKLIN RESOURCES, INC., WITH NO INTEREST IN THE ISSUER, APPROVES THE
TRANSACTION.
IN ORDER TO EXPEDITE YOUR REQUEST, PLEASE PROVIDE THE FOLLOWING INFORMATION:
PLEASE ATTACH PAGES OF THE OFFERING MEMORANDUM (OR OTHER DOCUMENTS) SUMMARIZING THE INVESTMENT OPPORTUNITY, INCLUDING:
i) Name of the partnership/hedge fund/issuer;
ii) Name of the general partner, location & telephone number;
iii) Summary of the offering; including the total amount the offering/
issuer;
iv) Percentage your investment will represent of the total offering;
v) Plan of distribution; and
vi) Investment objective and strategy,
PLEASE RESPOND TO THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS:
a) Was this investment opportunity presented to you in your capacity as a portfolio manager? If no, please explain the relationship, if any, you have to the issuer or principals of the issuer.
b) Is this investment opportunity suitable for any fund/client that you advise?/9 If yes, why isn't the investment being made on behalf of the fund/client? If no, why isn't the investment opportunity suitable for the fund/clients?
c) Do any of the fund/clients that you advise presently hold securities of the issuer of this proposed investment (e.g., common stock, preferred stock, corporate debt, loan participations, partnership interests, etc),? If yes, please provide the names of the funds/clients and security description.
d) Do you presently have or will you have any managerial role with the company/issuer as a result of your investment? If yes, please explain in detail your responsibilities, including any compensation you will receive.
e) Will you have any investment control or input to the investment decision making process?
f) Will you receive reports of portfolio holdings? If yes, when and how frequently will these be provided?
REMINDER: PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS THAT DO NOT GENERATE BROKERAGE CONFIRMATIONS (E.G., INVESTMENTS IN PRIVATE PLACEMENTS) MUST BE REPORTED TO THE CODE OF ETHICS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT ON SCHEDULE B NO LATER THAN 30 CALENDAR DAYS AFTER THE END OF THE CALENDAR QUARTER THE TRANSACTION TOOK PLACE.
------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER'S NAME (APPLICABLE TO PROTFOLIO PERSONS ONLY) SIGNATURE DATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- CHIEF INVESTMENT OFFICER APPROVING SIGNATURE DATE ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
DATE RECEIVED:___________ DATE FORWARDED TO FRI EXECUTIVE OFFICER:____________
SCHEDULE G: REQUEST FOR APPROVAL TO SERVE AS A DIRECTOR
INSTRUCTIONS: Print form, complete, sign and date. Submit completed form to Code of Ethics Administration Department via:
Inter-office: Code of Ethics Administration SM-920/2 Fax: (650) 312-5646
U.S. Mail: Franklin Templeton Investments E-mail: Preclear-Code of Ethics Attn: Code of Ethics Administration Dept. (internal) P.O. Box 25050 Lpreclear@frk.com San Mateo, CA 94402-5050 (external) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- EMPLOYEE: EMPLOYEE ID: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEPARTMENT: PHONE EXTENSION: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- JOB TITLE: SITE/LOCATION: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- SUPERVISOR: SUP. EXTENSION: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Company Name: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Nature of company's business: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Is this a public or private company? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Title/Position: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Justification for servicing as a director with the company: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Estimate of hours to be devoted to the company: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Compensation received: [ ] Yes [ ] No ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- If compensated, how? ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Starting date: ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- CODE OF ETHICS DESIGNATION NASD REGISTERED/LICENSED? ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- [ ] Non Access Person [ ] Supervised Person [ ] Access Person [ ] [ ] Portfolio Person [ ] Yes [ ] No ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- Signature: ___________________________ Date: ______________________ ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ |
[ ] Approved [ ] Denied
Signatory Name ____________________ Signatory Title: _____________________
Signature: ________________________ Date: ______________________
Services, LLC Management Limited (UK) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Investment IA Franklin Templeton Investment FBD Management International Inc. Services GmbH (Germany) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust Company Trust Franklin Templeton Investment IA/FIA International Trust Management Co., Ltd (Korea) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust Company of FIA Franklin Templeton Investments FBD/IA Canada (Asia) Limited (Hong Kong) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust International FIA Franklin Templeton Investments FIA Limited (UK) Australia Limited ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust International Trust Franklin Templeton Investments IA/FIA/ of California Corp. (Ontario) FBD ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust International Trust Franklin Templeton Investments FIA of Delaware Japan Ltd. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Fiduciary Trust International Trust Franklin Templeton Investor TA of the South Services, LLC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Advisers, Inc. IA/FIA Franklin Templeton Italia FBD Societa di Gestione del Risparmio per Axioni (Italy) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Advisory Services, IA/FIA Franklin Templeton Portfolio IA LLC Advisors, Inc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Investment Advisory IA Franklin Templeton Services, FA/BM Services, LLC LLC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Mutual Advisers, LLC IA/FIA Franklin/Templeton BD Distributors, Inc. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Asset IA/FIA FTC Investor Services, Inc. FBD Management (India) Private (Canada) Limited (India) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Asset FIA Templeton Asset Management, IA/FIA Management (Malaysia) Sdn.Bhd. Ltd. ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton Financial BD Templeton Global Advisors Ltd. IA/FIA Services, Corp. (Bahamas) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton IA Templeton Investment Counsel, IA Institutional, LLC LLC ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Franklin Templeton FBD Templeton/Franklin Investment BD International Services S.A. Services, Inc (Luxembourg) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Codes: IA: US registered investment adviser BD: US registered broker-dealer FIA: Foreign equivalent investment adviser FBD: Foreign equivalent broker-dealer TA: US registered transfer agent FA: Fund Administrator BM: Business manager to the funds REA: Real estate adviser Trust: Trust company |
INSIDER TRADING COMPLIANCE POLICY AND PROCEDURES
A. LEGAL REQUIREMENT
Pursuant to the Insider Trading and Securities Fraud Enforcement Act of
1988, No officer, director, employee, consultant acting in a similar capacity,
or other person associated with Franklin Templeton Investments may trade, either
personally or on behalf of clients, including all client assets managed by the
entities in Franklin Templeton Investments, on material non-public information
or communicating material non-public information to others in violation of the
law. This conduct is frequently referred to as "insider trading." Franklin
Templeton Investment's Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures applies
to every officer, director, employee or other person associated with Franklin
Templeton Investments and extends to activities within and outside their duties
with Franklin Templeton Investments. Every officer, director and employee must
read and retain this policy statement. Any questions regarding Franklin
Templeton Investments Insider Trading Compliance Policy and Procedures or the
Compliance Procedures should be referred to the Legal Department.
The term "insider trading" is not defined in the federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to the use of material non-public information to trade in securities (whether or not one is an "insider") or to communications of material non-public information to others.
While the law concerning insider trading is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits:
(1) trading by an insider, while in possession of material non-public information; or
(2) trading by a non-insider, while in possession of material non-public information, where the information either was disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; or
(3) communicating material non-public information to others.
The elements of insider trading and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below. If, after reviewing this policy statement, you have any questions, you should consult the Legal Department.
B. WHO IS AN INSIDER?
The concept of "insider" is broad. It includes officers, directors and
employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a "temporary insider"
if he or she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct
of a company's affairs and as a result is given access to information solely
for the company's purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a
company's outside attorneys, accountants, consultants, bank lending officers,
and the employees of such organizations. In addition, an investment adviser
may become a temporary insider of a company it advises or for which it
performs other services. According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the company
must expect the outsider to keep the disclosed non-public information
confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the
outsider will be considered an insider.
C. WHAT IS MATERIAL INFORMATION?
Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the
information is material. "Material information" generally is defined as
information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable
investor would consider it important in making his or her investment
decisions, or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial
effect on the price of the company's securities. Information that officers,
directors and employees should consider material includes, but is not limited
to: dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released
earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or
agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems, and extraordinary
management developments.
Material information does not have to relate to a company's business. For example, in CARPENTER V. U.S., 108 U.S. 316 (1987), the Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a WALL STREET JOURNAL reporter was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in the WALL STREET JOURNAL and whether those reports would be favorable or not.
D. WHAT IS NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION? Information is non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information found in a report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"), or appearing in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL or other publications of general circulation would be considered public.
E. BASIS FOR LIABILITY
1. FIDUCIARY DUTY THEORY In 1980, the Supreme Court found that there is no general duty to disclose before trading on material non-public information, but that such a duty arises only where there is a fiduciary relationship. That is, there must be a relationship between the parties to the transaction such that one party has a right to expect that the other party will not disclose any material non-public information or refrain from trading. CHIARELLA V. U.S., 445 U.S. 22 (1980).
In DIRKS V. SEC, 463 U.S. 646 (1983), the Supreme Court stated alternate theories under which non-insiders can acquire the fiduciary duties of insiders. They can enter into a confidential relationship with the company through which they gain information (E.G., attorneys, accountants), or they can acquire a fiduciary duty to the company's shareholders as "tippees" if they are aware or should have been aware that they have been given confidential information by an insider who has violated his fiduciary duty to the company's shareholders.
However, in the "tippee" situation, a breach of duty occurs only if the insider personally benefits, directly or indirectly, from the disclosure. The benefit does not have to be pecuniary but can be a gift, a reputational benefit that will translate into future earnings, or even evidence of a relationship that suggests a quid pro quo.
2. MISAPPROPRIATION THEORY Another basis for insider trading liability is the "misappropriation" theory, under which liability is established when trading occurs on material non-public information that was stolen or misappropriated from any other person. In U.S. V. CARPENTER, SUPRA, the Court found, in 1987, a columnist defrauded THE WALL STREET JOURNAL when he stole information from the WALL STREET JOURNAL and used it for trading in the securities markets. It should be noted that the misappropriation theory can be used to reach a variety of individuals not previously thought to be encompassed under the fiduciary duty theory.
F. PENALTIES FOR INSIDER TRADING
Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public
information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful
conduct and their employers A violation of the Code resulting in a violation
of the law will be severely sanctioned, with disciplinary action including
but not limited to termination. Please refer to Part 7 - Penalties for
Violations of the Code.
A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he or
she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include:
o civil injunctions;
o treble damages;
o disgorgement of profits;
o jail sentences;
o fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three
times the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the
person actually benefited; and
o fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the
greater of $1,000,000 or three times the amount of the profit
gained or loss avoided.
In addition, any violation of this policy statement can result in serious sanctions by the Franklin Templeton Investments, including dismissal of any person involved.
G. INSIDER TRADING PROCEDURES
All employees shall comply with the following procedures.
1. IDENTIFYING INSIDE INFORMATION Before trading for yourself or others, including investment companies or private accounts managed by the Franklin Templeton Investments, in the securities of a company about which you may have potential inside information, ask yourself the following questions:
o Is the information material?
o Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his or her investment decisions?
o Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?
o Is the information non-public?
o To whom has this information been provided?
o Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace (e.g., published in REUTERS, THE WALL STREET JOURNAL or other publications of general circulation)?
If, after consideration of these questions, you believe that the information may be material and non-public, or if you have questions as to whether the information is material and non-public, you should take the following steps:
(i) Report the matter immediately to the designated Compliance Officer, or if he or she is not available, to the Legal Department.
(ii) Do not purchase or sell the securities on behalf of yourself or others, including investment companies or private accounts managed by Franklin Templeton Investments.
(iii) Do not communicate the information inside or outside Franklin Templeton Investments, other than to the Compliance Officer or the Legal Department.
(iv) The Compliance Officer shall immediately contact the Legal Department for advice concerning any possible material, non-public information.
(v) After the Legal Department has reviewed the issue and consulted with the Compliance Officer, you will be instructed either to continue the prohibitions against trading and communication noted in (ii) and (iii), or you will be allowed to trade and communicate the information.
(vi) In the event the information in your possession is determined by the Legal Department or the Compliance Officer to be material and non-public, it may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within Franklin Templeton Investments, except as provided in (i) above. In addition, care should be taken so that the information is secure. For example, files containing the information should be sealed and access to computer files containing material non-public information should be restricted to the extent practicable. Securities for which there is material, non-public information shall be placed on the personal trading restricted list for a timeframe determined by the Compliance Officer.
2. RESTRICTING ACCESS TO OTHER SENSITIVE INFORMATION
All Franklin Templeton Investments personnel also are reminded of the need to be careful to protect from disclosure other types of sensitive information that they may obtain or have access to as a result of their employment or association with Franklin Templeton Investments.
3. SEC RULE 10B5-1(C) PLANS
We many permit exemptions from the insider trading policies and procedures set forth above for transactions in securities issued by FRI effected pursuant to pre-approved, written trading plans or arrangements complying with Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended. Rule 10b5-1(c) plans or arrangements may not be entered into or modified either during FRI's trading blackout periods or when you are aware of material, non-public information relating to FRI or its securities. All such plans or arrangements (and any modification of termination thereof) must be pre-approved by FRI's General Counsel (or such person's designee).
H. GENERAL ACCESS CONTROL PROCEDURES
Franklin Templeton Investments has established a process by which access to company files that may contain sensitive or non-public information such as the Bargain List and the Source of Funds List is carefully limited. Since most of Franklin Templeton Investments files, which contain sensitive information, are stored in computers, personal identification numbers, passwords and/or code access numbers are distributed to Franklin Templeton Investments computer Access Persons only. This activity is monitored on an ongoing basis. In addition, access to certain areas likely to contain sensitive information is normally restricted by access codes.
Revised May 2009/Effective June 15, 2009
POWER OF ATTORNEY
The undersigned officers and trustees of FRANKLIN STRATEGIC SERIES (the "Registrant") hereby appoint BRUCE G. LETO,
LARRY P. STADULIS, KRISTIN H. IVES,
KAREN L. SKIDMORE,
craig s. tyle, David P. Goss
and
STEVEN J. GRAY
(with full power to each of them to act alone) his/her attorney-in-fact and agent, in all capacities, to execute,
deliver and file in the names of the undersigned, any and all instruments that said attorneys and agents may deem necessary or advisable to enable the Registrant to comply with or register any security issued by the Registrant under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and/or the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules, regulations and interpretations thereunder, including but not limited to, any registration statement, including any and all pre- and post-effective
amendments thereto, any other document to be filed with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission and any and all documents required to be filed with respect thereto with any other regulatory authority. Each of the undersigned grants to each of said attorneys, full authority to do every act necessary to be done in order to effectuate the same as fully, to all intents and purposes, as he/she could do if personally present, thereby ratifying all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents
may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
This Power of Attorney may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original and all of which shall be deemed to be a single document.
The undersigned officers and trustees hereby execute this Power of Attorney as of the 1st
day of December, 2008.
/s/ Rupert H. Johnson, Jr. /s/ Harris J. Ashton
Rupert H. Johnson, Jr.,
Harris J. Ashton,
Trustee and Chief Executive Officer- Trustee
Investment Management
/s/ Robert F. Carlson /s/ Sam Ginn
Robert F. Carlson, Sam Ginn,
Trustee Trustee
/s/ Edith E.
Holiday /s/ Charles B. Johnson
Edith E. Holiday, Charles B. Johnson,
Trustee
Trustee
/s/ Frank W.T. LaHaye /s/ Frank A. Olson
Frank W.T.
LaHaye, Frank A. Olson,
Trustee
Trustee
/s/ Larry D. Thompson /s/ John B. Wilson
Larry D. Thompson, John B. Wilson,
Trustee
Trustee
/s/ Laura F. Fergerson
Laura F. Fergerson,
Chief Financial Officer and Chief Accounting Officer