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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C.  20549

FORM 10-K
 
ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE
SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
 
For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011
Commission file number:  0-19771
  
ACORN ENERGY, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)
 
Delaware
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization)
 
22-2786081
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
 
 
 
4 West Rockland Road, Montchanin, Delaware
(Address of principal executive offices)
 
19710
(Zip Code)

302-656-1707
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code
 


Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Class
Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
 
 
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share
The NASDAQ Global Market

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.
Yes  ¨   No  x
 
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.     Yes ¨   No x
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes x  No ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes x No   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by


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reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K.   ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company.  See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.  (Check one):
 
Large accelerated filer ¨   Accelerated filer x   Non-accelerated filer ¨   Smaller reporting company ¨
 
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ¨   No x
 
As of last day of the second fiscal quarter of 2011, the aggregate market value of the registrant’s common stock held by non-affiliates of the registrant was approximately $64.5 million based on the closing sale price on that date as reported on the NASDAQ Global Market. As of March 8, 2012 there we re 17,750,352 sha res of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share, outstanding.
 
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE:
 
None.





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PAGE
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

Certain statements contained in this report are forward-looking in nature.  These statements can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes”, “expects”, “may”, “will”, “should” or “anticipates”, or the negatives thereof, or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy.  You are cautioned that our business and operations are subject to a variety of risks and uncertainties and, consequently, our actual results may materially differ from those projected by any forward-looking statements.  Certain of such risks and uncertainties are discussed below under the heading “Item 1A.  Risk Factors.”
AquaShield ™ and PointShield are trademarks of our DSIT Solutions Ltd. subsidiary.   Line IQ , Transformer IQ , Bushing IQ , Cable IQ and PowerMonic are trademarks of our GridSense subsidiaries. LazerLok is a trademark of our US Seismic Systems, Inc. subsidiary.



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PART I
 

ITEM 1.
BUSINESS
 
OVERVIEW
 
Acorn Energy, Inc. ("Acorn" or "the Company”) is a holding company focused on technology driven solutions for energy infrastructure asset management.  Our four businesses improve the world's energy infrastructure by making it more secure by providing security solutions for underwater energy infrastructure (DSIT), more reliable by providing condition monitoring instruments for critical assets on the electric grid (GridSense and OmniMetrix LLC) and more productive and efficient by increasing oil and gas production while lowering costs through use of ultra-high sensitive seismic tools for more precise pinpointing of oil and gas reservoirs (USSI). We acquired OmniMetrix, LLC ("OmniMetrix") in February 2012 (see Recent Developments). Accordingly, OmniMetrix results are not included in this report.
 
Through our majority or wholly-owned operating subsidiaries we provided the following services and products in 2011:

·       Energy & Security Sonar Solutions .  We provide sonar and acoustic related solutions for energy, defense and commercial markets with a focus on underwater site security for strategic energy installations and other advanced acoustic systems and real-time embedded hardware and software development and production through our DSIT Solutions Ltd. ("DSIT") subsidiary.
 
·       Smart Grid Distribution Automation.   These   products and services are provided by our GridSense subsidiaries (GridSense Inc. in the United States and GridSense Pty Ltd. and CHK GridSense Pty Ltd. in Australia - collectively "GridSense") which develop, market and sell remote monitoring and control systems to electric utilities and industrial facilities worldwide.
 
·       Energy and Security Sensor Systems.   These products and services are provided by our US Seismic Systems, Inc. subsidiary ("USSI") which develops and produces “state of the art” fiber optic sensing systems for the energy, commercial security and defense markets worldwide.
 
During 2011, each of the three abovementioned activities represented a reportable segment. In addition, our “Other” segment represents IT and consulting activities at our DSIT subsidiary.

REVENUES BY COMPANY
 
The following table shows, for the periods indicated, the dollar amount (in thousands) of the consolidated revenues attributable to each of our consolidated companies. The revenues of USSI are included in our consolidated financial statements effective February 23, 2010. The revenues of GridSense are included in our consolidated financial statements effective May 12, 2010. Accordingly, there are no comparative revenues reported for these activities for 2009. On August 31, 2011, we sold our interests in CoaLogix Inc. ("CoaLogix") and on December 17, 2010, we discontinued our Coreworx Inc. ("Coreworx") activities. Accordingly, CoaLogix' and Coreworx' revenues and results are excluded for all periods indicated.

 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
Three months ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
DSIT Solutions
 
$
9,219

 
$
11,457

 
$
10,493

 
$
2,746

 
$
2,843

 
$
3,807

GridSense
 

 
2,382

 
7,119

 

 
1,194

 
2,435

USSI
 

 
405

 
1,316

 

 
212

 
433

Total
 
$
9,219

 
$
14,244

 
$
18,928

 
$
2,746

 
$
4,249

 
$
6,675

 




 

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ENERGY & SECURITY SONAR SOLUTIONS – DSIT SOLUTIONS LTD.
 
DSIT Solutions Ltd., which is 84% owned by the Company, is a globally-oriented company based in Israel with expertise in sonar and acoustics and development capabilities in the areas of real-time and embedded systems.  Based on these capabilities, we offer a full range of sonar and acoustic-related solutions to strategic energy installations as well as defense and homeland security markets. In addition, based on expertise in fields such as signal acquisition and processing applications, communication technologies, computerized vision for the semiconductor industry and command, control and communication management (“C3”) we provide wide ranging solutions to both governmental and commercial customers.

Products and Services
 
DSIT’s Energy & Security Sonar Solutions activities are focused on two areas – sonar and acoustic solutions for energy and security markets and other real-time and embedded hardware and software development and production.
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions .  Our energy & security sonar solutions include a full range of sonar and acoustic-related solutions to the strategic energy installation, defense and homeland security markets.  These solutions include:
 
·      AquaShield™ Diver Detection Sonar (“DDS”) – DSIT has developed an innovative, cost-effective DDS system, the AquaShield™, that provides critical coastal and offshore protection of sites through long-range detection, tracking, classification and warning of unauthorized divers and Swimmer Delivery Vehicles (“SDVs”) for rapid deployment and effective response.  Our AquaShield™ DDS system is fully automatic and customizable, and requires intervention of a security person only for final decision and response to the threat.  The DDS sensors can be integrated with other sensors into a comprehensive command and control (“C&C”) system to provide a complete tactical picture both above and below the water for more intelligent evaluation of and effective response to threats.
 
·      PointShield™ Portable Diver Detection Sonar (PDDS) – The PointShield™ PDDS is a medium range portable diver detection sonar aimed at protecting vessels at anchorage and covers restricted areas such as water canals and intakes. The PointShield™ is a cost-effective system tailored to meet the needs of customers, whose main concern is portability and flexibility.
  
·      Mobile Acoustic Range (“MAR”) – The MAR accurately measures a submarine’s or surface vessel’s radiated noise; thus enabling navies and shipyards to monitor and control the radiated noise and to silence their submarines and ships.  By continuously tracking the measured vessel and transmitting the data to a measurement ship, the MAR system enables real time radiated noise processing, analysis and display.  The system also includes a platform database for measurement results management and provides playback and post analysis capability.
 
·      Generic Sonar Simulator (“GSS”) – DSIT has developed a GSS for the rapid and comprehensive training of Anti-Submarine Warfare (“ASW”), submarine, and mine detection sonar operators.  This advanced, low cost, PC-based training simulator is designed for all levels of sonar operators from beginners to the most experienced, including ship ASW teams.  The simulator includes all aspects of sonar operation, with emphasis on training in weak target detection in the presence of noise and reverberation, torpedo detection, audio listening and classification.
 
·      Underwater Acoustic Signal Analysis system ("UASA") – DSIT’s UASA system processes and analyzes all types of acoustic signals radiated by various sources and received by naval sonar systems (submarine, surface and air platforms, fixed bottom moored sonar systems, etc.).

·      Sonar Building Blocks – based on our sonar capabilities and development of the DDS, DSIT has developed a number of generic building blocks of sonar systems such as Signal Processing Systems and Sonar Power Amplifiers. Some customers designing and building their own sonar systems have purchased these building blocks from us.  These elements are specifically tailored and optimized for sonar systems and have advantages over generic standard building blocks.

Other Real-Time and Embedded Solutions
 
Additional areas of development and production in real-time and embedded hardware and software include:
 
·      Applications - DSIT specializes in Weapon/C&C Operating Consoles for unique naval and air applications, designed through synergistic interaction with the end-user.  Weapon/C&C Consoles utilize Human-Machine Interface (“HMI”) prototyping supported on a variety of platforms as an integral part of the HMI definition and refinement process.  Weapon/C&C Console specific applications driven by HMI include signal processing and data fusion and tracking.

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·      Computerized Vision for the Semiconductor Industry - DSIT has been cooperating with global leaders of state-of-the-art semiconductor wafer inspection systems in developing cutting edge technologies to enable the semiconductor industry to detect defects in the manufacture of silicon wafers.  DSIT develops and manufactures hardware and embedded software for computerized vision systems, and we supply this multi-disciplinary field in the integration of digital and analog technologies, image processing and intricate logic development.
 
·      Modems, data links and telemetry systems – DSIT is working with major defense industries in Israel such as Rafael Advanced Defense Systems Ltd. and Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd., developing modems, advanced wide-band data links and telemetry systems for airborne and missile systems. DSIT is providing development and production services of hardware and embedded signal processing software with high quality control standards.
  
DSIT’s other operations include IT and consulting activities whose results are not included in the Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment.

 
Customers and Markets
 
According to a recent Wall Street Journal article, nearly 30% of U.S. oil production and 15% of gas production is produced from wells on the Outer Continental Shelf. Globally, some 30% of the world's oil output comes from offshore production. An enormous amount of capital investment has gone into creating this underwater energy infrastructure. This includes the oil platforms that drill, extract and temporarily store oil and gas, as well as the oil and gas wellheads, pipelines and pumps required to transfer the product from its location to shore. While this infrastructure was built with the assumption that it would be able to weather natural disasters, much of this infrastructure comprises what is known in the military as "soft" targets from beneath the water that would not require much in the way of explosives to cause significant, and perhaps catastrophic, damage.

This vulnerability, combined with the development and proliferation of technologies such as mini-submarines which can submerge to depths of a few dozen feet making detection difficult, unmanned underwater vehicles, divers with underwater scooters, as well as conventional scuba divers threaten the undersea economy with significant damage resulting from lost energy resources, damaged infrastructure and environmental degradation should an attack occur. DSIT looks to target potential customers in such areas that have significant underwater energy assets and infrastructure.

All of this segment’s operations (excluding sales and product delivery, set-up and service) take place in Israel. In recent years, an increasing share of this segments revenues were derived from outside of Israel (68% in 2011, 55% in 2010, 43% in 2009 and 15% in 2008). We expect this trend of increasing shares of this segment’s revenues to be generated from outside of Israel to continue in 2012, particularly following the recently announced $12.3 million order for AquaShield TM and PointShield TM DDS systems with an Asian customer.  DSIT continues to invest considerable effort to penetrate European, Asian, South American, U.S. and other markets in order to broaden its geographic sales base with respect to its sonar technology solutions. We have significant customer relationships with some of Israel’s largest companies in its defense and electronics industries as well as relationships with some of the biggest Asian defense integrators. We are currently exploring several cooperation opportunities within Asia and the U.S.

We believe that in 2012, we will see an increased flow of orders for our AquaShield TM DDS and PointShield TM DDS systems generated by customers realizing the potential threat to their coastal and offshore critical facilities as well as vessels, canals and water intakes. DSIT is currently in discussions with numerous potential energy, commercial and governmental customers who have shown interest in the company's underwater security systems.

Four customers accounted for approximately 79% of segment sales in 2011 (28%, 24%, 15% and 12%), two of which accounted for 25% ($4.7 million) of Acorn’s consolidated revenues for 2011 ($2.6 million and $2.2 million or 14% and 11%, respectively). The loss of any one or more of these customers could have a material adverse effect on this segment.
 
Competition
 
Our Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment faces competition from several competitors, large and small, operating in worldwide markets, (such as Sonardyne International Ltd. (based in the United Kingdom), Atlas Elektronik (based in Germany) and the Kongsberg group of companies (based in Norway)) with substantially greater financial and marketing resources, particularly with respect to our energy and security sonar solutions. We believe that our wide range of experience and long-term relationships with large businesses as well as the strategic partnerships that we are developing will enable us to compete successfully and obtain future business. In 2011, DSIT successfully performed a demonstration in an Asian country to a number of potential customers.

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DSIT's AquaShield TM achieved a much better performance regarding detection range and automatic classification, than its competitor who performed a demonstration to these customers at an earlier date. DSIT has sold its AquaShieldTM DDS and PointShieldTM PDDS systems to the Israeli Navy following a comprehensive review and evaluation process in which the Navy investigated competing systems and selected those of DSIT.

 
Intellectual Property
 
DSIT rigorously attempts to protect its proprietary know-how, proprietary technologies, processes and other intellectual property.
 
DSIT's systems are heavily based on software implementing advanced acoustic signal processing algorithms. The foundation of the systems and DSIT's competitive edge lies in these algorithms. DSIT's strategy is to identify these key intellectual property elements developed by us in order to protect them in a timely and effective manner, and to continually use such intellectual property to our competitive advantage in the marketplace. 
 
We keep the detailed description of these core algorithms as proprietary information and accordingly they are not disclosed to the public or to customers. We use contractual measures such as non-disclosure agreements and special contract terms to protect this intellectual and proprietary information. It is uncommon for companies such as DSIT to rely heavily on patents, as the patent itself may disclose critical information. Nonetheless, in certain cases the benefits of patent protection can outweigh the risks. We anticipate that we may apply for certain patents during the course of 2012.
 
A significant portion of our know-how is protected as commercial secrets and supported through agreements with our employees, suppliers, partners and customers.
 

Facilities
 
DSIT’s activities are conducted in approximately 19,000 square feet of office space in the Tel Aviv metropolitan area under a lease that expires in August 2012. We believe that DSIT’s current premises are sufficient to handle the anticipated increase in sales for the near future. DSIT anticipates renewing its lease at its current location when its lease expires.


SMART GRID DISTRIBUTION AUTOMATION – GRIDSENSE
 
In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we began consolidating the results of GridSense beginning May 12, 2010, the date we acquired the outstanding GridSense shares not previously owned by us. Prior to that date we accounted for our GridSense investment using the equity method.
GridSense develops and markets remote monitoring systems to electric utilities and industrial facilities worldwide. These systems, used in a wide range of utility applications including outage management, power quality monitoring, system planning, trouble shooting and proactive maintenance, and condition monitoring, provide transmission and distribution network operators with the intelligence to better and more efficiently operate grid operations.

Due to increasing stresses on these systems, old and aging infrastructure and greater demands for power quality and reliability of supply, utilities are striving to modernize their electrical infrastructures with "SmartGrid" initiatives. Cost-effective and easily deployable, GridSense solutions provide critical components of the present and future grid.
GridSense's solutions allow end-users to cost effectively monitor the power quality and reliability parameters of electric transmission and distribution systems in applications where competitive offerings are non-existent or cost-prohibitive. GridSense has developed a range of offerings that addresses all the critical points of the electricity delivery system, including distribution and transmission lines, substations and transformers, and the point of electricity consumption.
GridSense operates from offices in the U.S. and Australia and has utility customers throughout the world, including the Americas, Asia, Australia, Africa, and the United Kingdom.



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GridSense Offerings & Solutions
GridSense has a range of commercially proven offerings sold to customers worldwide. The success of GridSense's offerings is based on being able to provide identifiable and quantifiable value to its utility customers by minimizing inconveniences and productivity losses for their consumers, optimizing operations of existing assets, reducing costs of identifying and rectifying outages and disturbances on their networks, and providing them with the requisite information to make better capital expenditure decisions. GridSense's offerings include:
PowerMonic TM Systems - The PowerMonic TM range of outdoor power analyzers and analytical software allows electric utilities to monitor and investigate power quality problems in homes, offices, factories, and key points on the electricity distribution infrastructure.

Line IQ TM  Systems - The Line IQ TM provides real-time monitoring of electricity grids and captures important operational, maintenance, planning and regulatory reporting information such as current, temperature and power factor. The Line IQ TM provides all these applications at a fraction of the cost of alternative solutions in the market.

Cable IQ TM - This system provides real-time monitoring of underground infrastructure, enabling utilities to optimize the loading of underground feeders, detect outages and other events, and monitor various power quality parameters.

Transformer IQ TM - The Transformer IQ TM is a comprehensive monitoring system that consolidates all transformer monitoring functions onto a single platform using industry-proven hardware, and allows utilities to effectively predict nearly all the failure modes known to occur to transformers.

Bushing IQ TM - The Bushing IQ TM is a continuous online system for monitoring power factor in high voltage capacitive bushings.

Customers and Markets
Within Australia where GridSense has an established sales team and support infrastructure, GridSense sells the PowerMonic TM , Line IQ TM , Cable IQ TM , Transformer IQ TM and Bushing IQ TM range of products directly to electric utilities and industrial customers. Outside of Australia, GridSense utilizes a network of resellers, including rental companies, electrical engineering firms, distributors, independent manufacturers' representatives and agents. In addition, in North America, GridSense employs four sales professionals. By leveraging off this indirect sales network, GridSense has expanded into international territories while minimizing the risk and financial burden of maintaining a direct sales organization.
Strategically important markets outside of Australia include North America, South America, China and South Africa. Having invested heavily in an organization to support its customers in the U.S. and Canada, GridSense has grown its customer base from just a handful a few years ago to over 200 utility companies ranging from municipal utilities and cooperatives to large investor owned utilities. The penetration of this market in the relatively short time since GridSense established operations in the US has been made possible with the establishment of a manufacturer's representative network covering the region. Given the size of the North American utility market, sales from this territory are expected to grow, and we believe North America will eventually represent the largest portion of overall GridSense sales in the future. Unlike North America which is characterized by a large number of electricity suppliers over a vast geographic territory, the opportunities in South America, China and South Africa are focused on a small number of large electric utility operators. We are currently pursuing deployment opportunities in these aforementioned markets having already established relationships with local utilities and currently supporting pilots or evaluation trials.
GridSense has activities in other international markets but continues a measured and disciplined approach toward expansion. Validation of the market opportunity takes place before actual deployment of resources. GridSense mitigates its operational and financial risks by aligning itself with resellers that exhibit technical competency, established customer relationships and on-the-ground resources to support our offerings.
In 2011, two customers accounted for approximately 46% ($3.3 million) of GridSense's revenues (34% and 12% or $2.4 million and $0.9 million, respectively). One of those customers represented approximately 13% of Acorn's consolidated revenues for 2011. This customer was a U.S. utility that deployed a large number of TransformerIQ TM systems across a fleet of transformers. Although follow-on sales are expected in future periods from this existing customer, it is unknown whether GridSense will enter into a similar sized transaction with this utility in the future. The loss of one or more of the company's top customers could have a material effect on the overall sales of GridSense. To mitigate this risk, the company is aggressively expanding its sales pipeline and supporting a larger base of customers.

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Competition
The industry in which GridSense operates is characterized by intense competition from both large, established companies as well as smaller companies with specialized offerings. Such competitors include General Electric, Siemens, Qualitrol Company LLC, PowerSense and Schweitzer Engineering Laboratories. To avoid direct competition with larger, more established companies, GridSense focuses on niches where it can offer a differentiated product based on superior cost and performance. As GridSense grows and penetrates markets where larger companies have been established, it may experience more competition. GridSense is in a field where electronics and software/firmware dominate. This fast changing area may generate new methods of detecting and monitoring disturbances. GridSense closely monitors trends and changes in technologies and customer demand that could adversely impact its competitiveness and overall success. Price, quality and experience are the primary competitive factors.
Intellectual Property
GridSense invests significant resources in product development and research in order to maintain its competitiveness in the marketplace. Keeping proprietary information safe from unauthorized use or disclosure is therefore an important objective. In order to protect its proprietary know-how and technology, GridSense uses a combination of patents, trade secrets, contracts, copyrights and trademarks. GridSense owns three Australian patents and three U.S. patents, and has one patent pending in both Australia and the U.S. In addition, GridSense owns three patents in Canada, two in Europe, two in South Africa and one in Great Britain. Some of GridSense's know-how and technology may not be patentable. To protect its rights, GridSense requires employees, as well as select consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements. While these agreements will provide some level of protection, they cannot provide absolute assurance that GridSense's trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information are fully safeguarded. Whenever intellectual property is developed internally or acquired, GridSense will evaluate and determine the optimal mix of controls to protect itself.
Production Facilities and Locations
GridSense has headquarters in Sydney, Australia and Sacramento, CA. The leased facility in Sydney covers 8,100 square feet while the leased facility in Sacramento has approximately 10,400 square feet. GridSense management believes both facilities are sufficient to meet the company's needs for the foreseeable future. GridSense has successfully outsourced many production processes to external parties while maintaining strict quality assurance standards including the internal testing of all finished goods. The transfer of production to accredited contract manufacturers has reduced the Company's fixed manufacturing overhead and freed up resources to focus on quality assurance and service.

ENERGY AND SECURITY SENSOR SYSTEMS - US SEISMIC SYSTEMS, INC.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we began consolidating the results of US Seismic Systems, Inc. ("USSI") beginning February 23, 2010, the date we effectively acquired USSI. USSI is a Delaware corporation based in Chatsworth, California which was established in October 2007. In a series of investments, option exercises and exchanges of shares beginning in November 2009 through May 2011, we acquired an aggregate of approximately 81% of USSI.  In addition, we have in the period from May 2011 to January 2012, advanced to USSI $2.5 million in contemplation of a new investment agreement. In February 2012, we entered into a new Stock Purchase Agreement with USSI pursuant to which we converted these advanced funds into additional shares of USSI common stock and shares of USSI's new Series A-1 Preferred Stock. We currently own approximately 87% of USSI (See Recent Developments).

USSI's primary focus is to develop and produce “state of the art” fiber optic sensing systems for the energy and security (both commercial and defense) markets.  USSI’s patented ultra-high sensitivity fiber optic sensors are being designed to replace the legacy expensive, unreliable, and bulky electronic sensors currently in widespread use today with small, low cost, ultra-reliable, and inherently-safe fiber optic sensors.  USSI’s fiber optic sensors have demonstrated greater than three hundred times the sensitivity as compared to the legacy electronic sensors and sell for a fraction of the cost of traditional electronic sensors.

Products and Services
 
USSI’s new fiber optic sensing systems provide its users with a competitive advantage over those relying on existing sensor technology.  As further described below, primary product lines for which USSI is currently developing products include downhole fiber optic sensor systems for oilfield 4D seismic reservoir monitoring, shale gas microseismic monitoring,  fiber optic perimeter security systems (including commercial and defense), and fiber optic pipeline/coal mine monitoring systems.  USSI’s systems are currently being installed for evaluation by companies in North America, Asia, and Eastern Europe. Except as noted below, USSI has not yet made significant sales of products for commercial use by customers.


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4D reservoir & shale gas monitoring. New oil discoveries are not keeping pace with the worldwide demand for oil.  To make up for this shortfall, more oil must be produced from existing fields, which dictates increased use of 4D seismic techniques (repeated 3D seismic images to monitor the movement of oil reservoir fluids over time) to increase the percentage of oil extracted.  For 4D to be cost-effective, permanently-installed seismic sensors are needed.  Current mainstream oilfield seismic sensing systems are based upon 50 year-old technology that is too costly and unreliable for permanent installations.  USSI’s fiber optic seismic sensors can meet the demanding performance, cost, and reliability requirements needed for advanced 4D seismic analysis.

In addition to oilfield seismic sensing, there is also a great need for the USSI technology in the harvesting of natural gas.  There is a fundamental shift underway within the oil and gas industry as major oil companies are increasingly focusing on natural gas as new horizontal drilling techniques combined with hydro fracking are making the world’s vast tight gas shale fields economical to produce.  Natural gas is significantly cheaper per BTU than oil, burns cleaner than oil and is also gaining traction as a fuel for transportation.  USSI’s fiber optic sensors can provide the ability to monitor the fracking process to improve production efficiency and minimize potential environmental damage at a fraction of the cost of competing technology.

Fiber optic pipeline monitoring. There are currently approximately 160,000 miles of oil transmission pipelines and 305,000 miles of gas transmission pipelines in the US, most of which were built before the end of World War II. USSI provides pipeline monitoring for Oil and Gas pipelines, through a similar revolutionary, all-in-one, fiber optic sensing cable.   Since the optical fiber is the sensor, there are no electronics required in the sensor cable, and every inch of the cable is acoustically sensitive ensuring that there are no gaps in coverage.  The USSI system detects unusual acoustic activity such as leaks, tampering, theft or damage caused by construction equipment.  The USSI system can effectively detect attempted illegal tapping of pipelines in remote areas as well as intrusion into pipeline facilities for terrorist activities.  The unique ability of USSI’s sensor to monitor hundreds of miles of pipeline in real-time, with no electronics on the pipeline is a distinct advantage over competing systems.

Fiber optic perimeter security. USSI has developed an all-optical security system based upon a microphonic cable that can be mounted on a fence, buried along a border/perimeter, or placed underwater in a harbor.  We believe the USSI fiber optic microphonic cable is the most sensitive available as it can detect disturbance signals that are 100 times quieter than competing systems.  In addition, the USSI system is unique in its ability to detect and classify multiple simultaneous events.  The system utilizes sophisticated signal processing techniques to screen out false alarms, and will detect, pinpoint and notify on any attempts to infiltrate a facility.

The USSI security sensing system features low noise, high sensitivity, and high dynamic range, providing a true reproduction of acoustic signals, and clearly defined, independent sensing zones.  We believe the USSI buried fiber optic sensing system has the lowest noise floor of any competing fiber optic perimeter security system.  This advantage enables the USSI system to detect in-ground disturbance signals that may be very weak or that occur at much larger distances.  In addition, the USSI system is unique in its ability to detect and classify multiple simultaneous events on single or multiple zones.  This capability is very important in that it prevents a potential intruder from foiling the system by masking an intrusion attempt by simultaneously applying loud noise at an alternate location. Certain of these products are already in use by customers.

Customers and Markets
 
In the period since our acquisition of USSI in February 2010, it has recorded total revenues of approximately $1.7 million ($0.4 million in 2010 and $1.3 million in 2011). Although the value of orders to date remains small, USSI has initiated numerous project proposals for all of its products and services as well as successfully demonstrated its sensor technology at numerous test sites for potential customers.

Energy. USSI targets its products into the oilfield geophysics market, which has about a $12 billion annual market size, of which about $10 billion is for seismic acquisition and processing activities, and about $2 billion is for equipment such as seismic sources and sensors.  USSI’s sensor systems fall into the oilfield geophysical equipment market, and its potential customers are the oilfield service companies.  The leading oilfield service companies are Schlumberger,  Halliburton, and Baker Hughes.

Three companies account for 90% of the Oilfield Geophysical Equipment market. Sercel, S.A, a subsidiary of Compagnie Generale de Geophysique-Veritas (CGGVeritas) represents 54% of the market, ION Geophysical Corporation represents 28% and Oyo Geospace Corporation represents about 8%. The majority of this equipment is currently used for marine seismic and land (surface) seismic applications, with downhole seismic and microseismic making up only about 10%. USSI is initially pursuing the downhole seismic and microseismic market as these are the least mature but the fastest growing markets. USSI believes the size of this market can grow to in excess of $1B as the microseismic monitoring percentage of shale gas wells increases from today's 2-3% to 50%. After addressing these markets, USSI plans to pursue the larger, more mature marine and land seismic markets.

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Security. As a result of the attacks of September 11, the United States and many of its international partners have embarked on a massive, long-term effort to enhance the security of their homelands.  Waging a cost effective campaign to enhance homeland security demands new, highly developed technologies .   USSI’s all fiber optic security systems are an example of one of those technologies.   For these applications, what is needed is an unobtrusive sensor system that will allow military forces and/or border security personnel to monitor long stretches of territory from protected sites at extended standoff ranges.

According to Homeland Security Research Corporation ("HSRC"), a consulting firm, the U.S. Homeland Security-Homeland Defense market is larger and is growing faster than many realize. HSRC forecasts it to grow from $69 billion in 2010 to $85 billion by 2014. USSI’s potential customers are the large and small commercial security system integrators, government organizations such as the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, and large government contractors such as Boeing, Northrop Grumman, Lockheed Martin, and Raytheon as well as leading commercial system integrators such as ADT Ltd. (a subsidiary of Tyco International Ltd.),  Protection One, Inc., and Monitronics, International, Inc.

Competition
 
Oil & Gas. USSI’s primary competition comes from oilfield equipment providers using conventional retrievable downhole sensor technology.  This technology is well-proven and widely used.  The leaders include OYO Geospace Corporation, Sercel S.A., and ION Geophysical Corporation.  Our target market is the emerging permanent downhole sensor market.  The existing conventional technology is not suited for permanent installations for the following reasons:

Cost - downhole sensor arrays using existing technology cost $4M to $6M per copy.  The equivalent USSI downhole system sells for a fraction of that price.

Reliability - existing technology requires expensive downhole electronics that cannot be serviced or repaired if permanently installed.  The USSI system has no downhole electronics.

USSI also has competition from other oilfield fiber optic sensor companies such as Stingray Geophysical Ltd. (Stingray), Weatherford International Ltd., and Petroleum Geo-Services ASA (PGS).  We believe that some of our competitors use early generation fiber optic sensor technology which is expensive and difficult to manufacture.  In another case, the highest reported performance of one competitor is significantly less than published USSI performance.  

Security Systems. USSI’s competition in the security market comes from well established companies utilizing conventional (leaky-coax cable) technology and relatively new companies utilizing fiber optic technology.  Both technologies can be mounted to a fence or buried around a perimeter.  The leading competitors using conventional technology are Southwest Microwave Inc., and Magal Security Systems, Ltd.  The leading fiber optic competitors are Future Fibre Technologies Pty Ltd., FiberSensys Inc.,  Sensoptics Ltd., and Senstar Corporation.

Existing conventional technology, which has been installed in tens of thousands of locations, has multiple drawbacks.  These drawbacks include susceptibility to electromagnetic interference ("EMI"), radio frequency interference ("RFI") and lightning. The traditional geophones that are part of existing conventional technology consist of a moving coil of wires around a stationary magnet.  If EMI from an outside magnetic field is introduced, it will interfere with the geophone’s performance. If RFI from a radio (or cell phone, or other wireless device) is transmitting near a system that contains existing conventional technology, it could interfere with the system’s performance as well.  Furthermore, it is expensive to install and maintain the existing conventional technology, requiring multiple electronics boxes and unreliable batteries in the field.  These problems with existing conventional technology led to the emergence of fiber optic-based security systems.  The problems with the competing fiber optic security systems include an inability to detect multiple simultaneous events, low sensitivity (10 to 100 times less sensitive than USSI technology), and low signal fidelity (making it difficult to distinguish false alarms).

 
Intellectual Property
 
USSI invests significant resources in product development and research in order to protect its future competitiveness in the marketplace.  Keeping proprietary information safe from unauthorized use or disclosure is an important objective.  In order to protect its proprietary know-how and technology, USSI uses a combination of patents, trade secrets, contracts, and trademarks.  However, some of USSI’s know-how and technology may not be patentable.  To protect its rights, USSI requires employees, as well as select consultants, advisors and collaborators to enter into confidentiality agreements.  While these agreements will provide some level of protection, they cannot provide absolute assurance that USSI’s trade secrets, know-how or other proprietary information are fully safeguarded.  Whenever intellectual property is developed internally or acquired, USSI

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will evaluate and determine the optimal mix of controls to protect itself. USSI owns three U.S. patents, one U.S. trademark, and has 16 applications pending in the U.S. and internationally (PCT filings).
 
Facilities
 
USSI's activities are conducted in approximately 21,000 square feet of office and production space in the San Fernando Valley (a suburb north of Los Angeles, CA) under a lease that expires in April 2015. We believe USSI's facilities are sufficient for expected expanding production requirements over the next six to twelve months. Thereafter, it may be necessary to seek expanded or new facilities, and whether they will be available at such time, location and on terms acceptable to USSI cannot be determined. Any inability to expand our production facilities as required to meet customer demand could result in loss of, or a delay in fulfilling, orders and loss of associated revenue.

BACKLOG
 
As of December 31, 2011, our backlog of work to be completed and the amounts expected to be completed in 2012 were as follows (amounts in millions of U.S. dollars):
 
 
 
Backlog at December 31, 2011
 
Amount expected to be completed in 2012
DSIT Solutions
 
$
13.6

 
$
9.9

GridSense
 
0.5

 
0.5

USSI
 
1.5

 
1.5

Total
 
$
15.6

 
$
11.9


RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENSE, NET
 
Research and development expense recorded for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 for each of our consolidated subsidiaries is as follows (amounts in thousands of U.S. dollars):
 
 
 
Years ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
DSIT Solutions
 
$
457

 
$
323

 
$
568

GridSense *
 

 
259

 
1,370

USSI **
 

 
383

 
1,057

Total
 
$
457

 
$
965

 
$
2,995

 
*   GridSense was acquired on May 12, 2010. Accordingly, the research and development expense recorded with respect to GridSense relates only to the period after its acquisition.
 
**   USSI was effectively acquired on February 23, 2010. Accordingly, the research and development expense recorded with respect to USSI relates only to the period after its acquisition.

Research and development expense recorded is net of participation by third parties in the Company’s research and development costs as well as credits arising from qualifying research and experimental development expenditures.
 



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EMPLOYEES
 
At December 31, 2011, we employed a total of 159 employees, including 132 full-time employees.  We consider our relationship with our employees to be satisfactory.
 
A breakdown of our full-time employees by geographic location can be seen below:
 

 
 
Full-time employee count at December 31, 2011
 
 
U.S
 
Australia
 
Israel
 
Total
DSIT Solutions
 

 

 
57

 
57

GridSense
 
23

 
22

 
 
 
45

USSI *
 
28

 

 

 
28

Acorn
 
2

 
 
 
 
 
2

Total
 
53

 
22

 
57

 
132


A breakdown of our full-time employees by activity can be seen below:
 
 
 
Full-time employee count at December 31, 2011
 
 
Production, Engineering and Technical Support
 
Marketing and Sales
 
Management, Administrative and Finance
 
Total
DSIT Solutions
 
46

 
2

 
9

 
57

GridSense
 
34

 
7

 
4

 
45

USSI *
 
24

 
2

 
2

 
28

Acorn
 

 

 
2

 
2

Total
 
104

 
11

 
17

 
132

 
* USSI's full-time employee count includes eight full-time consultants in Production, Engineering and Technical Support.

We have no collective bargaining agreements with any of our employees.  However, with regard to our Israeli activities, certain provisions of the collective bargaining agreements between the Israeli Histadrut (General Federation of Labor in Israel) and the Israeli Coordination Bureau of Economic Organizations (including the Industrialists Association) are applicable by order of the Israeli Ministry of Labor.  These provisions mainly concern the length of the workday, contributions to a pension fund, insurance for work-related accidents, procedures for dismissing employees, determination of severance pay and other conditions of employment.  We generally provide our Israeli employees with benefits and working conditions beyond the required minimums.  Israeli law generally requires severance pay upon the retirement or death of an employee or termination of employment without due cause.  Furthermore, Israeli employees and employers are required to pay specified amounts to the National Insurance Institute, which administers Israel’s social security programs.  The payments to the National Insurance Institute include health tax and are approximately 5.5% of wages (up to a specified amount), of which the employee contributes approximately 70% and the employer approximately 30%.
 
In Australia, all employers are required to make contributions to retirement investment funds benefiting employees called Superannuation.  GridSense is required to pay 9% of salary as a contribution toward Superannuation funds nominated by its employees.  Further, the Australian Government stipulates that employees are entitled to severance pay if their position is terminated as a result of company restructuring.
 
ADDITIONAL FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
For additional financial information regarding our operating segments, foreign and domestic operations and sales, see “Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations” and Note 22 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.
 

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AVAILABLE INFORMATION

We file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”). These filings are available to the public over the internet at the SEC's website at http://www.sec.gov. You may also read and copy any document we file at the SEC's public reference room located at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, DC 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the public reference room.

Our website can be found at http://www.acornenergy.com. We make available free of charge on or through our website, access to our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is electronically filed, or furnished, to the SEC. Our website also includes our Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, Board of Directors' Committee Charters for the Audit, Compensation and Nominating Committees.


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ITEM 1A.
RISK FACTORS
 
We may from time to time make written or oral statements that contain forward-looking information.  However, our actual results may differ materially from our expectations, statements or projections.  The following risks and uncertainties could cause actual results to differ from our expectations, statements or projections.

GENERAL FACTORS
 
The ongoing instability in global credit and financial markets could materially and adversely affect our business and results of operations.

The ongoing global financial crisis may limit our ability to access the capital markets at a time when we would like, or need, to raise capital, which could have an impact on our ability to react to changing economic and business conditions. Accordingly, if the global financial crisis and current economic downturn continue or worsen, our business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.
 
We have a history of operating losses and have used increasing amounts of cash for operations and to fund our acquisitions and investments.
 
Despite our recent gain on our sale of CoaLogix, we have a history of operating losses, and have used significant amounts of cash to fund our operating activities over the years.  In 2009, 2010 and 2011, we had operating losses of $ 2.3 million , $ 6.5 million and $ 8.0 million , respectively.  Cash used in operating activities of continuing operations in 2009, 2010 and 2011 was $1.4 million, $6.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively.
 
In addition, we continue to pursue additional acquisitions and investment opportunities and may need to support the financing needs of our subsidiaries.  Following the sale of CoaLogix, we currently have enough cash on hand to fund our operations for the next 12 months. However, we may need additional funds to finance future investment and acquisition activity we wish to undertake.  We do not know if such funds will be available if needed on terms that we consider acceptable.  We may have to limit or adjust our investment/acquisition strategy in order to continue to pursue our corporate goals.
 
There can be no assurance that we will continue to declare cash dividends.

In October 2011, our Board of Directors adopted a dividend policy pursuant to which Acorn would pay quarterly dividends on our common stock. The source of our current dividends are the proceeds from our recent sale of CoaLogix. We intend to continue to pay such dividends subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interest of our stockholders and are in compliance with all laws and agreements of Acorn applicable to the declaration and payment of cash dividends.
Future dividends may be affected by, among other factors:
our views on potential future capital requirements for investments in acquisitions or our subsidiaries;
use of cash to consummate various acquisition transactions;
stock repurchase programs;
the ability of our subsidiaries to generate sufficient cash flow in the future to enable Acorn to continue to pay dividends;
changes in federal and state income tax laws or corporate laws; and
changes to our business model.

Our dividend payments may change from time to time, and we cannot provide assurance that we will continue to declare dividends in any particular amounts or at all. A reduction in our dividend payments could have a negative effect on our stock price.





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We depend on key management for the success of our business.
 
Our success is largely dependent on the skills, experience and efforts of our senior management team and other key personnel.  In particular, our success depends on the continued efforts of John A. Moore, our CEO, Benny Sela, CEO of DSIT, Lindon Shiao, CEO of GridSense and Jim Andersen, CEO of USSI and other key management level employees.  The loss of the services of any of these key employees could materially harm our business, financial condition, future results and cash flow.  We do not maintain “key person” life insurance policies on any of our employees other than for our CEO, John A. Moore. Although to date we have been successful in retaining the services of senior management and have entered into employment agreements with them, members of our senior management may terminate their employment agreements without cause and with various notice periods.  We may also not be able to locate or employ on acceptable terms qualified replacements for our senior management or key employees if their services were no longer available.
 
Loss of the services of a few key employees could harm our operations.
 
We depend on key technical employees and sales personnel.  The loss of certain personnel could diminish our ability to develop and maintain relationships with customers and potential customers.  The loss of certain technical personnel could harm our ability to meet development and implementation schedules.  The loss of key sales personnel could have a negative effect on sales to certain current customers.  Although most of our significant employees are bound by confidentiality and non-competition agreements, the enforceability of such agreements cannot be assured.  Our future success also depends on our continuing ability to identify, hire, train and retain other highly qualified technical and managerial personnel.  If we fail to attract or retain highly qualified technical and managerial personnel in the future, our business could be disrupted.

We have recently hired an individual who is our Senior Director of External Relations to assist in certain legislative and other governmental relations matters - such activities may be deemed to be lobbying efforts.

To the extent that our Senior Director of External Relations engages in activities that constitute “lobbying” under federal, state, or local laws, we have to register him and possibly ourselves and one or more of our subsidiaries under such applicable laws.  Lobbying laws typically require periodic financial and other reports to be timely made and any failure to register or to comply with the applicable regulations could subject us, our employees and officers and directors to civil or criminal penalties.  We intend to comply with such laws.

Our awards of stock options to employees may not have their intended effect.
 
A portion of our total compensation program for our executive officers and key personnel has historically included the award of options to buy our common stock or the common stock of our subsidiaries. If the price of our common stock performs poorly, such performance may adversely affect our ability to retain or attract critical personnel. In addition, any changes made to our stock option policies, or to any other of our compensation practices, which are made necessary by governmental regulations or competitive pressures could affect our ability to retain and motivate existing personnel and recruit new personnel.
 
Compliance with changing regulation of corporate governance, public disclosure and financial accounting standards may result in additional expenses and affect our reported results of operations.
 
Keeping informed of, and in compliance with, changing laws, regulations and standards relating to corporate governance, public disclosure and accounting standards, including the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, Dodd-Frank Act, as well as new and proposed SEC regulations and accounting standards, has required an increased amount of management attention and external resources.  Compliance with such requirements may result in increased general and administrative expenses and an increased allocation of management time and attention to compliance activities.
 
We may not be able to successfully integrate companies which we may invest in or acquire in the future, which could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, future results and cash flow.
 
Part of our business model includes the acquisition of new companies either as new platform companies (OmniMetrix in February 2012 (see Recent Developments), USSI in February 2010 and GridSense in May 2010) or complimentary companies for our subsidiaries. Any failure to effectively integrate any future acquisition's management into our controls, systems and procedures could materially adversely affect our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
Our strategy is to continue to integrate our newly acquired companies and grow the businesses of all of our companies.  Integrating acquisitions is often costly, and we may not be able to successfully integrate our acquired companies with existing operations without substantial costs, delays or other adverse operational or financial consequences.  Integrating acquired

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companies involves a number of risks that could materially and adversely affect our business, including:
 
failure of the acquired companies to achieve the results we expect;
inability to retain key personnel of the acquired companies;
dilution of existing stockholders;
potential disruption of our ongoing business activities and distraction of our management;
difficulties in retaining business relationships with suppliers and customers of the acquired companies;
difficulties in coordinating and integrating overall business strategies, sales and marketing, and research and development efforts; and
the difficulty of establishing and maintaining uniform standards, controls, procedures and policies, including accounting controls and procedures.

If any of our acquired companies suffers customer dissatisfaction or performance problems, the same could adversely affect the reputation of our group of companies and could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, future results and cash flow.
 
In order to grow, one or more of our companies may decide to pursue growth through acquisitions. Any significant acquisition by one or more of our operating companies could require substantial use of our capital and may require significant debt or equity financing.  We cannot provide any assurance as to the availability or terms of any such financing or its effect on our liquidity and capital resources.

We incur substantial costs as a result of being a public company.
 
As a public company, we incur significant legal, accounting, and other expenses in connection with our reporting requirements. The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, Dodd-Frank Act and the rules subsequently implemented by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and NASDAQ, have required changes in corporate governance practices of public companies.  These rules and regulations have already increased our legal and financial compliance costs and the amount of time and effort we devote to compliance activities.  We expect that as a result of continued compliance with these rules and regulations, we will continue to incur significant legal and financial compliance costs.  We continue to regularly monitor and evaluate developments with respect to these new rules with our legal counsel, but we cannot predict or estimate the amount of additional costs we may incur or the timing of such costs.
 
We may in the future become involved in litigation that may materially adversely affect us.
 
From time to time in the ordinary course of our business, we may become involved in various legal proceedings, including commercial, product liability, employment, class action and other litigation and claims, as well as governmental and other regulatory investigations and proceedings. Such matters can be time-consuming, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. Furthermore, because litigation is inherently unpredictable, the results of any such actions may have a material adverse effect on our business, operations or financial condition.
 
Goodwill recorded in connection with our acquisitions is subject to mandatory annual impairment evaluations and as a result, we could be required to write off some or all of this goodwill, which may adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations.
 
In accordance with applicable accounting principles, goodwill is not amortized but is reviewed annually or more frequently for impairment and other intangibles are also reviewed if certain conditions exist. During the year ended December 31, 2010, we recorded a $5.0 million impairment of goodwill associated with our former Coreworx subsidiary following our decision to stop funding it and an impairment of $1.2 million associated with our GridSense segment. Any additional impairment of the value of goodwill will result in an additional charge against earnings which could materially adversely affect our reported results of operations and financial position in future periods.
 
While we have not reported any material weaknesses in internal controls over financial reporting in the past, we cannot assure you that material weaknesses will not be identified in the future. If our internal control over financial reporting or disclosure controls and procedures are not effective, there may be errors in our financial statements that could require a restatement or our filings may not be timely and investors may lose confidence in our reported financial information.

Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 requires us to evaluate the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of the end of each year, and to include a management report assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting in each Annual Report on Form 10-K.

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Our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that our internal control over financial reporting will prevent all errors and all fraud. A control system, no matter how well designed and operated, can provide only reasonable, not absolute, assurance that the control system’s objectives will be met. Further, the design of a control system must reflect the fact that there are resource constraints, and the benefits of controls must be considered relative to their costs. Controls can be circumvented by the individual acts of some persons, by collusion of two or more people, or by management override of the controls. Over time, controls may become inadequate because changes in conditions or deterioration in the degree of compliance with policies or procedures may occur. Because of the inherent limitations in a cost-effective control system, misstatements due to error or fraud may occur and not be detected.
 
As a result, we cannot assure you that significant deficiencies or material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting will not be identified in the future. Any failure to maintain or implement required new or improved controls, or any difficulties we encounter in their implementation, could result in significant deficiencies or material weaknesses, cause us to fail to timely meet our periodic reporting obligations, or result in material misstatements in our financial statements. Any such failure could also adversely affect the results of periodic management evaluations regarding disclosure controls and the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting required under Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 and the rules promulgated thereunder. The existence of a material weakness could result in errors in our financial statements that could result in a restatement of financial statements, cause us to fail to timely meet our reporting obligations and cause investors to lose confidence in our reported financial information.
 
If we are unable to protect our intellectual property, or our intellectual property protection efforts are unsuccessful, others may duplicate our technology.
 
Our operating companies rely on a combination of patents, trademarks, copyrights, trade secret laws and restrictions on disclosure to protect our intellectual property rights.  Our ability to compete effectively will depend, in part, on our ability to protect our proprietary technology, systems designs and manufacturing processes.  The ability of others to use our intellectual property could allow them to duplicate the benefits of our products and reduce our competitive advantage.  We do not know whether any of our pending patent applications will be issued or, in the case of patents issued, that the claims allowed are or will be sufficiently broad to protect our technology or processes.  Further, a patent issued covering one use of our technology may not be broad enough to cover uses of that technology in other business areas.  Even if all our patent applications are issued and are sufficiently broad, they may be challenged or invalidated or our competitors may independently develop or patent technologies or processes that are equivalent or superior to ours. We could incur substantial costs in prosecuting patent and other intellectual property infringement suits and defending the validity of our patents and other intellectual property.  While we have attempted to safeguard and maintain our property rights, we do not know whether we have been or will be completely successful in doing so.  These actions could place our patents, trademarks and other intellectual property rights at risk and could result in the loss of patent, trademark or other intellectual property rights protection for the products, systems and services on which our business strategy partly depends.
 
We rely, to a significant degree, on contractual provisions to protect our trade secrets and proprietary knowledge.  These trade secrets cannot be protected by patent protection.  These agreements may be breached, and we may not have adequate remedies for any breach.  Our trade secrets may also be known without breach of such agreements or may be independently developed by competitors.
 
Third parties may claim that we are infringing their intellectual property, and we could suffer significant litigation or licensing expenses or be prevented from selling products and services if these claims are successful.  We also may incur significant expenses in affirmatively protecting our intellectual property rights.

In recent years, there has been significant litigation involving patents and other intellectual property rights in many technology-related industries and we believe that the industries that certain of our subsidiaries operate have a significant amount of patent activity.  Third parties may claim that the technology or intellectual property that we incorporate into or use to develop, manufacture or provide our current and future products, systems or services infringe, induce or contribute to the infringement of their intellectual property rights, and we may be found to infringe, induce or contribute to the infringement of those intellectual property rights and may be required to obtain a license to use those rights.  We may also be required to engage in costly efforts to design our products, systems and services around the intellectual property rights of others.  The intellectual property rights of others may cover some of our technology, products, systems and services.  In addition, the scope and validity of any particular third party patent may be subject to significant uncertainty.
 
Litigation regarding patents or other intellectual property rights is costly and time consuming, and could divert the attention of our management and key personnel from our business operations.  The complexity of the technology involved and the uncertainty

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of intellectual property litigation increase these risks.  Claims of intellectual property infringement might also require us to enter into costly royalty or license agreements or to indemnify our customers.  However, we may not be able to obtain royalty or license agreements on terms acceptable to us or at all.  Any inability on our part to obtain needed licenses could delay or prevent the development, manufacture and sale of our products, systems or services.  We may also be subject to significant damages or injunctions against development, manufacture and sale of our products, systems or services.We also may be required to incur significant time and expense in pursuing claims against companies we believe are infringing or have misappropriated our intellectual property rights.
 
Concentrations of credit risk
 
Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits, escrowed funds, restricted deposits and trade receivables.  The counterparty to a significant amount of our cash equivalents is a money market of a major financial institution. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by this counterparty.   The counterparty to our restricted deposits are two major Israeli banks. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by these counterparties. Short-term deposits are in FDIC insured certificates of deposit through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service.  The Company does not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by the counterparties. The counterparty to our escrowed funds is a major financial institution. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by this counterparty. Approximately 32% of the trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 was due from two customers that pay their trade receivables over usual credit periods.  Credit risk with respect to the balance of trade receivables is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising our customer base. Approximately 71% of the balance in unbilled revenue at December 31, 2011 was due from two customers that when billed, pay their trade receivables over usual credit periods.  Credit risk with respect to the balance of unbilled revenue is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising our customer base.
 
Results from our past successful sales of subsidiary companies may not be repeated

In the past, we have sold certain former subsidiaries (Comverge and CoaLogix) at a profit, but there can be no assurance that we will be able to repeat these successes with one or more of our current subsidiaries.  We invest in companies before they have a meaningful history of revenues and whether we can operate these entities successfully or realize any profit on our investments in them cannot be determined.   

 
RISKS RELATED TO DSIT SOLUTIONS
 
Failure to accurately forecast costs of fixed-priced contracts could reduce DSIT's margins.
 
When working on a fixed-price basis, DSIT undertakes to deliver software or integrated hardware/software solutions to a customer’s specifications or requirements for a particular project.  The profits from these projects are primarily determined by DSIT's success in correctly estimating and thereafter controlling project costs.  Costs may in fact vary substantially as a result of various factors, including underestimating costs, difficulties with new technologies and economic and other changes that may occur during the term of the contract.  If, for any reason, DSIT's costs are substantially higher than expected, it may incur losses on fixed-price contracts.

Hostilities in the Middle East region may slow down the Israeli high-tech market and may harm DSIT's operations.
 
DSIT's operations are conducted in Israel.  Accordingly, political, economic and military conditions in Israel may directly affect DSIT.  Any increase in hostilities in the Middle East involving Israel could weaken the Israeli hi-tech market, which may result in a deterioration of the results DSIT's operations.  In addition, an increase in hostilities in Israel could cause serious disruption to DSIT's operations if acts associated with such hostilities result in any serious damage to its offices or those of its customers or harm to its personnel.
 
Exchange rate fluctuations could increase the cost of DSIT's operations.
 
A majority of DSIT’s sales are based on contracts or orders which are in U.S dollars or are in New Israeli Shekels (“NIS”) linked to the U.S. dollar.  At the same time, most of DSIT’s expenses are denominated in NIS (primarily labor costs) and are not linked to any foreign currency.  The net effect of a devaluation of the U.S. dollar relative to the NIS is that DSIT’s costs in dollar terms increases more than its revenues. DSIT enters into forward contracts to try to mitigate its exposures to exchange rate fluctuations; however, we can provide no assurance that such controls will be implemented successfully. In 2011 the U.S. dollar strengthened in relation to the NIS by 7.7%.

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DSIT is substantially dependent on a small number of customers and the loss of one or more of these customers may cause revenues and cash flow to decline.
 
In 2011, approximately 70% of DSIT’s revenues were concentrated in four customers. These customers are expected to continue to make up a significant portion of DSIT’s revenues and cash flow for 2012. A significant reduction of future orders or delay in milestone payments from any of these customers could have a material adverse effect on the performance of DSIT.
 
DSIT is dependent on meeting milestones to provide cash flow for its operations.
 
DSIT's operations place a great reliance on it meeting project milestones in order to generate cash flow to finance its operations.  Should DSIT encounter difficulties in meeting significant project milestones, resulting cash flow difficulties could have a material adverse effect on its operations.
 
DSIT must at times provide significant guarantees in order to secure projects. These guarantees are often collateralized by restricted deposits.
 
Some of the projects DSIT performs require significant performance and/or bank guarantees. At December 31, 2011, DSIT had $5.7 million of performance and bank guarantees outstanding. In addition, DSIT had on deposit at two Israeli banks approximately $2.4 million collateralizing some of these guarantees. These deposits are restricted and, accordingly, DSIT cannot use these funds for operations until the guarantees which are being collateralized are released. At times, this can create cash flow difficulties which could have a material adverse effect on its operations.
 
In addition, DSIT may not always be able to supply such guarantees or restricted deposits without financial assistance from Acorn.  If Acorn needs to provide financial guarantees for DSIT, Acorn may not have sufficient funds available to it to invest in other emerging ventures or take advantage of opportunities available to it in a timely manner.
 
If DSIT is unable to keep pace with rapid technological change, its results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may suffer.
 
Some of DSIT's solutions are characterized by rapidly changing technologies and industry standards and technological obsolescence.  DSIT's competitiveness and future success depends on its ability to keep pace with changing technologies and industry standards on a timely and cost-effective basis.  A fundamental shift in technologies could have a material adverse effect on its competitive position.  A failure to react to changes in existing technologies could materially delay DSIT's development of new products, which could result in technological obsolescence, decreased revenues, and/or a loss of market share to competitors.  To the extent that DSIT fails to keep pace with technological change, its revenues and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.
 
DSIT is dependent on a number of suppliers who provide it with components for some of its products.
 
A number of DSIT's suppliers provide it with major components for some of its products for the Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment. Some of these components are long-lead items. If for some reason, the suppliers cannot provide DSIT with the component when it is needed and DSIT cannot easily find substitute suppliers on similar terms, DSIT may have increased costs and/or delays in delivering a product to a customer and incur penalties and lose customer confidence. In addition, project delays can also slow down revenue recognition and our financial condition could be materially adversely affected. While DSIT is constantly attempting to develop secondary and tertiary suppliers for these components, it can provide no assurance that it will be successful in doing so on acceptable terms.

DSIT is a relatively small company with limited resources compared to some of its current and potential competitors, which may hinder its ability to compete effectively.
 
Some of DSIT's current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and broader name recognition than it does. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with DSIT's existing and potential customers. They also may be able to adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products which would allow them to respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements.


 

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RISKS RELATED TO GRIDSENSE
 
GridSense has incurred net losses and may never achieve sustained profitability.
 
GridSense incurred net losses for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.  We believe that GridSense will reduce its losses in 2012; however, we can provide no assurance that GridSense will generate sufficient revenues and cash flow to allow it to become profitable or to sustain profitability or to have positive cash flows.
 
GridSense will need additional financing to grow and finance its operations
 
We expect that GridSense will continue to require working capital support in order to finance its operations in 2012 as it continues to grow its production, engineering and technical support team in 2012. This support may be in the form of a bank line, new investment by others, additional investment by Acorn, or a combination of the above. We have no assurance that such additional support will be available in sufficient amounts, in a timely manner and on acceptable terms.  The availability and amount of any additional investment from Acorn may be limited by the investment and working capital needs of our corporate activities and other operating companies. In addition to support from Acorn, GridSense is in the process of negotiating a line of credit facility from a commercial bank. Management believes that establishment of a bank facility is achievable during 2012. We have no assurance the GridSense will be successful in establishing a bank facility in 2012 or beyond.
 
GridSense’s products and services may not gain market acceptance or competitors may introduce offerings that surpass those of GridSense.

The primary market for GridSense’s products and services is rapidly evolving which means that the level of acceptance of products and services that have been released recently or that are planned for future release by the marketplace is not certain. If the markets for GridSense’s products and services fail to develop, develop more slowly than expected or become subject to intense competition, its business will suffer. As a result, GridSense may be unable to: (i) successfully market its current products and services, (ii) develop new products, services and enhancements to current products and services, (iii) complete customer installations on a timely basis or (iv) complete products and services currently under development. If GridSense’s products and services are not accepted by its customers or by other businesses in the marketplace, GridSense’s business and operating results will be materially affected. In addition, we can provide no assurance that GridSense will be successful in deriving significant revenue growth through its current strategy and marketing initiatives.

GridSense’s products are subject to regulatory approvals.
 
Numerous regulations govern the manufacture and sale of GridSense’s products in the United States and other countries where GridSense intends to market its products. Such regulation bears upon the approval of manufacturing techniques, testing procedures and approval for the manufacturing and sale of GridSense’s products, including advertising and labeling.
 
Any failure or delay in obtaining regulatory approvals would adversely affect our ability to market our products. Furthermore, product approvals may be withdrawn if problems occur following initial marketing or if compliance with regulatory standards is not maintained.  The failure, delay or withdrawal of a previously given regulatory approval could materially adversely affect our revenues, cash flows and financial position.

Sales to utilities are generally characterized by long sales cycles.

GridSense’s sales are largely dependent on the sales cycle of electric utilities which is typically long and requires much technical and application support.  The purchasing cycle for a utility may involve an evaluation trial or pilot, analysis of data and results, review of competitor’s offerings and smaller scale deployments, before a purchasing decision is made.  For large orders, some utilities are required to solicit competitive bids from other vendors which can contribute more time.  The entire process can take anywhere between several weeks to several quarters.  Delays in securing purchase orders can materially adversely affect our revenues, cash flows and financial condition.
 
GridSense is attempting to broaden its revenue base by expanding into the North American market.

GridSense is currently recording a significant portion of its revenue from sales generated in Australia (more than 45% in 2011 and more than 60% for the 2010 calendar year).  GridSense believes that its continued growth and profitability will require additional expansion of sales in other markets, most notably the North American market.  To the extent that GridSense is unable to expand sales into other markets in a timely and cost-effective manner, its business, operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected.  In addition, even with the successful recruitment of additional personnel and international

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resellers, there can be no assurance that GridSense will be successful in maintaining or increasing international market demand for its products.
 
Exchange rate fluctuations could increase the cost of GridSense’s Australian operations.

GridSense has operations in both the U.S. and Australia. Its Australian operations are subject to the volatility of the Australian dollar vis-à-vis the U.S. dollar (in 2011 the Australian dollar was virtually unchanged vis-a-vis the U.S. dollar while in 2010, the Australian dollar strengthened by 13.3%).  While risks are somewhat mitigated by the fact that GridSense’s Australian operation’s sales and expenses are primarily denominated in Australian dollars, currency fluctuations may impact the translation of certain balance sheet items, affect the economics of manufacturing and ultimately affect its financial performance. GridSense does not employ specific strategies, such as the use of derivative instruments or hedging, to manage its foreign currency exchange rate exposures.
 
GridSense’s market is subject to rapidly changing technologies.

GridSense markets its products in a field where electronics and software/firmware dominate. This fast changing area may generate unknown methods of detecting and monitoring disturbances that could render GridSense’s technology inferior, resulting in GridSense’s results of operations being materially adversely affected. GridSense does, however, closely monitor trends and changes in technologies and customer demand that could adversely impact its competitiveness and overall success.
 
GridSense is subject to vigorous competition with very large competitors that have substantially greater resources and operating histories.
 
Some of GridSense’s competitors in the markets it serves are larger, better capitalized and have greater resources than GridSense. As GridSense grows and penetrates markets where larger companies have been established, it may experience a reduced rate of growth due to competitive forces.   Competition from these competitors may have a material adverse effect on our operations, including a potential reduction in operating margins and a loss of potential business.

RISKS RELATED TO USSI
 
USSI has a limited operating history.
 
USSI was formed in November 2007 and has a limited operating history.  Many of its products are at a research and development stage and substantial time, effort and financial resources will be required before it can become profitable.  USSI’s operations are subject to all of the risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, especially one that is dependent on developing new products for the oil & gas and security industries.  The likelihood of USSI’s success should be considered in light of the problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with establishing a new business such as uncertainty in product development,  uncertainty in market acceptance of its products, competition, and changes in business strategy.  USSI has no assurance that it will be successful in its business activities.

  USSI has incurred net losses and may never achieve sustained profitability.
 
Since its inception, USSI has had annual operating losses. USSI expects to continue to have operating losses for the year ending December 31, 2012 and possibly beyond as a result of increases in operating expenses required to commence manufacturing and production and to expand its sales and marketing operations. USSI can provide no assurance that it will ultimately generate sufficient revenues to allow it to become profitable, to sustain profitability or to have positive cash flows.
 
USSI will need additional financing to grow its business and finance its operations
 
In the period since Acorn's initial investment in November 2009 through May 2011, it has invested $2.5 million directly in USSI. During the period from May 2011 through January 2012, Acorn advanced $2.5 million in contemplation of a new investment agreement that was signed in February 2012 (see Recent Developments). We have no assurance that USSI’s future capital needs will not exceed these amounts or that USSI will generate sufficient cash flow in the future to fund its operations in the absence of additional funding sources.  USSI may need to raise additional funds if revenues fail to meet projections or to fund a rapid expansion to meet product demand, respond to competitive pressures or acquire complementary products, businesses or technologies.  If additional funds are raised through the direct issuance of equity or convertible debt securities to third parties, Acorn’s percentage ownership of USSI may be reduced.

In addition, should additional funds be needed, there can be no assurance that additional financing will be available on

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terms acceptable to USSI.  If funds are not available, or are not available on acceptable terms, USSI may not be able to fund its growth, respond to competitive pressures or take advantage of unanticipated acquisition opportunities.  Accordingly, this could materially and adversely affect USSI’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
USSI is a small company with limited resources compared to some of its current and potential competitors, which may hinder its ability to compete effectively.
 
Some of USSI’s current and potential competitors have longer operating histories, significantly greater resources and broader name recognition than does USSI. As a result, these competitors may have greater credibility with USSI’s existing and potential customers. They also may be able to adopt more aggressive pricing policies and devote greater resources to the development, promotion and sale of their products than can USSI to its products, which would allow them to respond more quickly than USSI to new or emerging technologies or changes in customer requirements.
 
If USSI is unable to keep pace with technological change, USSI’s results of operations, financial condition and cash flows may suffer.
 
Many of USSI’s products are in the research and development stage.  In addition, some of USSI’s existing products may require additional engineering and upgrades in conjunction with market developments as well as specific customer needs.  There can be no assurance that USSI will continue to be successful in its engineering efforts regarding the development of its products and future technological difficulties could adversely affect its business, results of operations and financial condition.

USSI is not yet ready to manufacture its products in commercial quantities.  

In order to be successful, USSI's products must be manufactured in commercial quantities at an acceptable cost and must meet the specifications required by the customers regarding quality.  We believe that USSI's space and manufacturing capabilities at its current facilities in Chatsworth, California to be sufficient to handle a large increase in sales for the future.  USSI has begun to increase its production staff and has purchased or is planning purchases of automation, control and tracking systems necessary to support larger scale production, but such systems have either not yet been purchased or if acquired, are not yet fully operational.  In addition to adding internal staffing and resources, USSI may consider potential opportunities to acquire third party manufacturing capacity through acquisition or contract manufacturing arrangements, and whether or when any will exist on terms acceptable to USSI cannot be determined. Whether such systems and the personnel with the skills to effectively operate them can be put in place to meet customer orders on a timely and high quality basis can also not be determined.  Failure to do so could result in delays or failures in meeting customer demand, resulting in a loss of customer confidence and orders.  Such difficulties could materially and adversely affect the business, results of operations and financial condition of USSI.

USSI is dependent on a number of suppliers who provide it with key components for some of its products.
 
USSI’s products incorporate “state of the art” technologies.  As such, in many cases there are limited supplies of key components.  In particular, USSI currently relies on a single source for the development of its high-end interrogators for some of its technologically advanced product offerings.  USSI has not yet found a second source supplier that is economically feasible to use at this time.  While USSI continues to try to mitigate the risks associated with this key component, any production delays by this supplier or any adverse change to its financial condition could materially and adversely affect USSI’s business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
USSI’s targeted customers may be reluctant to try its alternative solution despite its increased reliability and lower cost.
 
Potential customers may elect to continue to use the existing expensive and less reliable technologies given their familiarity of the existing products in the market.  The competition in USSI’s markets may have superior resources and marketing ability which could lead to potential customers selecting existing products over USSI’s products.   While USSI continues to develop its products and invest in marketing efforts accordingly, there is no assurance that USSI’s products will be preferred in the market place relative to the competition with superior overall resources.  If the market place does not adopt USSI’s products as anticipated, USSI’s business, results of operations and financial condition could be materially and adversely affected.

Failure to accurately forecast costs of fixed-priced contracts could reduce USSI’s margins.
 
When working on a fixed-price basis, USSI undertakes to deliver solutions to a customer’s specifications or requirements for a particular project.  The profits from these projects are primarily determined by USSI’s success in correctly estimating and thereafter controlling project costs.  Costs may in fact vary substantially as a result of various factors, including underestimating costs, difficulties with new technologies and economic and other changes that may occur during the term of the contract.  If, for

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any reason, USSI’s costs are substantially higher than expected, USSI may incur losses on fixed-price contracts.

USSI may lose sales if it is unable to obtain government authorization to export its products.

The export of some of USSI’s products may be subject to export controls imposed by the U.S. government and administered by the U.S. Departments of State and Commerce. In certain instances, these regulations may require pre-shipment authorization from the administering department.  For products subject to the Export Administration Regulations (“EAR”) administered by the Department of Commerce’s Bureau of Industry and Security, the requirement for a license is dependent on the type and end use of the product, the final destination and the identity of the end user.  All USSI products that are exported are subject to EAR; however, most of USSI’s equipment is considered EAR99.  EAR99 items generally consist of low-technology consumer goods and do not require a license in many situations. However, if USSI were to attempt to export an EAR99 item to an embargoed country, to an end-user of concern (as defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce) or in support of a prohibited end-use (as defined by the U.S. Department of Commerce), USSI would be required to obtain a license.

Exports of certain USSI products may also be subject to the International Traffic in Arms Regulations (“ITAR”) regulations administered by the Department of State’s Directorate of Defense Trade Controls and may require a license.  

Obtaining export licenses can be difficult and time-consuming. Failure to obtain export licenses could significantly reduce our revenue and materially adversely affect USSI’s business, financial condition and results of operations. Compliance with U.S. government regulations may also subject USSI to additional fees and costs. The absence of comparable restrictions on competitors in other countries may adversely affect USSI’s competitive position.

Limited Protection of Proprietary Technology; Risks of Infringement
 
USSI’s success is heavily dependent upon its internally developed technology.  USSI has filed patents covering the specific use and novel inventions developed internally.  To further protect its proprietary rights, USSI relies on a combination of patent, trade secret, nondisclosure and other contractual restrictions.  As part of its confidentiality procedures, USSI enters into nondisclosure agreements with its employees, as well as select consultants and strategic partners and limit access to and distribution of its designs and proprietary information.  Despite these efforts, USSI may be unable to effectively protect its proprietary rights.  In addition, the expense associated with the enforcement of USSI’s proprietary rights may be substantial.
 
RISKS RELATED TO OUR SECURITIES
 
Our stock price is highly volatile.
 
The market price of our common stock has fluctuated substantially in the past and is likely to continue to be highly volatile and subject to wide fluctuations. During 2011, our common stock has traded at prices as low as $3.46 and as high as $6.30 per share. Fluctuations in our stock price may continue to occur in response to various factors, many of which we cannot control, including:
 
general economic and political conditions and specific conditions in the markets we address, including the continued volatility in the energy industry and the general economy;
quarter-to-quarter variations in our operating results;
announcements of changes in our senior management;
the gain or loss of one or more significant customers or suppliers;
announcements of technological innovations or new products by our competitors, customers or us;
the gain or loss of market share in any of our markets;
changes in our dividend policy;
changes in accounting rules;
changes in investor perceptions; or
changes in expectations relating to our products, plans and strategic position or those of our competitors or customers.

In addition, the market prices of securities of energy related companies have been and remain volatile. This volatility has significantly affected the market prices of securities of many companies for reasons frequently unrelated to the operating performance of the specific companies.
 
Our share price may decline due to the large number of shares of our common stock eligible for future sale in the public market including shares underlying warrants and options.
 

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Almost all of our outstanding shares of common stock are, or could upon exercise of options or warrants would become, eligible for sale in the public market as described below.  Sales of a substantial number of shares of our common stock in the public market, or the possibility of these sales, may adversely affect our stock price.
 
As of March 1, 2012, 17,743,772 shares of our common stock were issued and outstanding.  As of that date we had 223,645 warrants outstanding and exercisable with a weighted average exercise price of $4.20 and 1,157,915 options outstanding and exercisable with a weighted average exercise price of $4.34 per share, which if exercised would result in the issuance of additional shares of our common stock.  In addition to the options noted above, at March 1, 2011, 185,418 options are outstanding, but have not yet vested and are not yet exercisable.
 

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ITEM 1B.
UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS

None.

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ITEM 2.
PROPERTIES
 
Our corporate activities are conducted in office space in Wilmington, Delaware under a lease that expires in June 2012 at a monthly rent of $3,450 per month. We anticipate either renewing our lease or finding a similar space near Wilmington.
 
Our DSIT subsidiary’s activities are conducted in approximately 19,000 square feet of office space in the Tel Aviv, Israel metropolitan area under a lease that expires in August 2012.  The annual rent is approximately $220,000. DSIT anticipates renewing its lease remaining at its current location and does not anticipate a material change in its annual rent.

GridSense operates facilities in Sydney, Australia and West Sacramento, CA.  The Sydney office occupies approximately 8,100 square feet of office, testing laboratory, production and warehouse space.  The lease in Sydney expires in July 2013. The annual rent is approximately $90,000 and is subject to annual increases based on the Australian CPI index. The West Sacramento office is approximately 10,400 square feet and its annual rent  is approximately $90,000. The lease agreement expires in May 2015. The annual rent at the West Sacramento office increases 3% per year.

USSI's activities are conducted in approximately 21,000 square feet of office and production space in the San Fernando Valley (a suburb north of Los Angeles, CA) under a lease that expires in April 2015. The annual rent at this facility is approximately $150,000.

























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ITEM 3.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
 

None.

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ITEM 4.
MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES


Not applicable.

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PART II

 
ITEM 5.
MARKET FOR REGISTRANT’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
 
Our common stock is currently traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol “ACFN”.  The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the high and low reported sales prices per share of our common stock on NASDAQ.
 
 
 
High
 
Low
2010:
 
 
 
 
First Quarter
 
$
7.49

 
$
5.63

Second Quarter
 
6.68

 
4.45

Third Quarter
 
5.51

 
4.30

Fourth Quarter
 
5.04

 
3.55

2011:
 
 

 
 

First Quarter
 
$
4.37

 
$
3.56

Second Quarter
 
4.16

 
3.46

Third Quarter
 
5.72

 
4.07

Fourth Quarter
 
6.30

 
4.64

 
As of March 8, 2012 , the last reported sales price of our common stock on the Nasdaq Global Market was $8.94, there were 133 record holders of our common stock and we estimate that there were approximately 3,300 beneficial owners of our common stock.
 
We paid no dividends in 2009 or 2010. On October 17, 2011, our Board of Directors approved the payment of a quarterly dividend of $0.035 per share and a 2011 year-end declaration of a special dividend of $0.05 per share. The quarterly dividend was paid ($614,000) on November 28, 2011 to common shareholders of record on November 16, 2011. The special year-end dividend was paid ($876,000) on January 9, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 30, 2011. On February 7, 2012, our Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.035 per share to be paid on March 1, 2012 to common stockholders of record on February 20, 2012. On March 1, 2012, the total dividend payment was $618,000. Our decision to pay a similar dividend in the future will be affected by our future results of operations, financial position, business, changes to applicable tax laws and regulations, and the various other factors that may affect our overall business, including those set forth in "Risk Factors." Accordingly, we cannot assure you that in the future we will continue to pay a quarterly dividend of this amount, or at all.




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PERFORMANCE GRAPH

The following stock price performance graph compares the cumulative total return of the Company's Common Stock during the period December 31, 2006 to December 31, 2011, to the cumulative total return during such period of (i) the NASDAQ Composite Index and (ii) the Russell MicroCap Index. The graph assumes that the value of the investment in our Common Stock and each index (including reinvestment of dividends) was $100.00 on December 31, 2006.




 


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ITEM 6.
SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA
 
The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 and consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2010 and 2011 has been derived from our audited Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.  The selected consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2008 and the selected consolidated balance sheet data as of December 31, 2007, 2008 and 2009 has been derived from our unaudited consolidated financial statements not included herein.
 
This data should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and related notes included herein and “Item 7.  Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”


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Selected Consolidated Statement of Operations Data:
 
 
 
For the Years Ended December 31,
 
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
Revenues
 
$
4,863

 
$
8,267

 
$
9,219

 
$
14,244

 
$
18,928

Cost of sales
 
3,567

 
5,600

 
5,264

 
8,200

 
12,015

Gross profit
 
1,296

 
2,667

 
3,955

 
6,044

 
6,913

Research and development expenses, net
 
415

 
236

 
457

 
965

 
2,995

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
5,022

 
6,282

 
5,702

 
10,440

 
11,952

Impairments
 
112

 
3,664

 
81

 
1,166

 

Operating loss
 
(4,253
)
 
(7,515
)
 
(2,285
)
 
(6,527
)
 
(8,034
)
Finance expense, net
 
(1,585
)
 
(2,871
)
 
(71
)
 
(224
)
 
(26
)
Gain on early redemption of Convertible Debentures
 

 
1,259

 

 

 

Gain on Comverge IPO
 
16,169

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale of shares in Comverge
 
23,124

 
8,861

 
1,403

 

 

Gain (loss) on private placement of equity investments
 
(37
)
 
7

 

 

 

Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 

 

 
1,327

 

Dividends received from EnerTech
 

 

 

 
135

 

Loss on sale of EnerTech
 

 

 

 
(1,821
)
 

Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 

 

 
492

Income (loss) from operations before taxes on income
 
33,418

 
(259
)
 
(953
)
 
(7,110
)
 
(7,568
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
445

 
(342
)
 
719

 
(671
)
 
12,767

Income (loss) from operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries
 
33,863

 
(601
)
 
(234
)
 
(7,781
)
 
5,199

Share of income (losses) in Paketeria
 
(1,206
)
 
(1,560
)
 
263

 

 

Share of losses in GridSense
 

 
(926
)
 
(129
)
 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
32,657

 
(3,087
)
 
(100
)
 
(7,781
)
 
5,199

Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 

 

 

 

 
31,069

In-process research and development expense recorded in acquisition of discontinued operation
 

 
(2,444
)
 

 

 

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(140
)
 
(2,612
)
 
(6,076
)
 
(17,969
)
 
(1,948
)
Non-controlling interest share of loss from discontinued operations
 

 
248

 
626

 
67

 
540

Net income (loss)
 
32,517

 
(7,895
)
 
(5,550
)
 
(25,683
)
 
34,860

Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 

 

 
(206
)
 
595

 
549

Net income (loss) attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
32,517

 
$
(7,895
)
 
$
(5,756
)
 
$
(25,088
)
 
$
35,409

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
$
3.31

 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
0.33

Discontinued operations
 
(0.01
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.48
)
 
(1.20
)
 
1.70

Net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
3.30

 
$
(0.69
)
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
2.03

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc shareholders - basic
 
9,848

 
11,374

 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,462

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Income (loss) from continuing operations attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
2.81

 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
0.32

Discontinued operations
 
(0.01
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.48
)
 
(1.20
)
 
$
1.67

Net income (loss) per share
 
$
2.80

 
$
(0.69
)
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
1.99

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc shareholders - diluted
 
12,177

 
11,374

 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,743









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Selected Consolidated Balance Sheet Data:
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
(in thousands, except per share data)
Working capital
 
$
13,843

 
$
13,838

 
$
16,220

 
$
14,599

 
$
60,217

Total assets
 
96,967

 
51,055

 
48,735

 
59,785

 
85,805

Short-term and long-term debt
 
4,995

 
3,591

 
635

 
1,610

 
818

Total Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders’ equity
 
67,325

 
33,448

 
30,777

 
33,373

 
69,651

Non-controlling interests
 

 
2,675

 
5,321

 
8,504

 
(84
)
Total equity
 
67,325

 
36,123

 
36,098

 
41,877

 
69,567

Cash dividends paid per share
 

 

 

 

 
0.035

 

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ITEM 7.
MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
 
Acquisition of OmniMetrix

On February 15, 2012, we entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which we acquired, through our XYZ Holdings, Inc. wholly-owned Georgia subsidiary ("Holdings" which has been renamed OMX Holdings, Inc.), all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company membership interests (the "Interests") in OmniMetrix, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company ("OmniMetrix"). OmniMetrix is in the business of designing, manufacturing, marketing and selling (i) wireless remote systems that monitor standby power generation, backup power generators, remote powered equipment, cellular towers, emergency towered communications and remote tower sites, (ii) cathodic protection products to monitor pipeline integrity, and (iii) other wireless remote systems. Holdings purchased the Interests in OmniMetrix from its three individual holders in consideration for an aggregate cash payment of $8.5 million, subject to certain adjustments as provided in the definitive agreement. The acquisition of OmniMetrix adds to the Company's growing product lines of remote monitoring systems for aging energy infrastructure.
Acorn investment in USSI

On February 6, 2012, we entered into a new Stock Purchase Agreement (the “USSI Purchase Agreement”) with USSI pursuant to which we converted certain advanced funds ($2.5 million) into additional shares of USSI common stock (“USSI Common Stock”) and shares of USSI's new Series A-1 Preferred Stock (“USSI Preferred Stock”). We also made a further payment to USSI of $2.25 million on February 6, 2012 to purchase additional shares of USSI Preferred Stock, and we anticipate that we will purchase more shares of USSI Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.5 million at a future date. The USSI Preferred Stock provides that upon any future liquidation of USSI, to the extent funds are available for distribution to USSI's stockholders after the satisfaction of any USSI liabilities at that time, USSI would first repay us for the purchase price of our USSI Preferred Stock. Thereafter, we would receive a further payment for such shares ratably with all other USSI Common Stock holders as though our shares of USSI Preferred Stock were the same number of shares of USSI Common Stock.
We currently own approximately 87% of USSI, which would increase to approximately 92% if and when the second closing occurs. In connection with the USSI Purchase Agreement, we also agreed to permit USSI to establish a new 2012 Stock Plan (the “USSI 2012 Plan”) under which key employees, directors and consultants of USSI may receive options to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,180,000 shares of USSI Common Stock on such terms as the USSI 2012 Plan provides and as determined by USSI's board of directors or by such committee designated by USSI's board to administer the USSI 2012 Plan, if any. If options to purchase all shares of USSI Common Stock available under the USSI 2012 Plan are granted and exercised, and provided that we have made the additional $2.5 million USSI Preferred Stock purchase as contemplated by the USSI Purchase Agreement, we would own approximately 81% of USSI on a fully diluted basis.
Acorn investment in GridSense

In February, our Board of Directors committed to make up to a $2 million additional investment in our GridSense subsidiaries. We advanced the initial $1 million on February 29, 2012. We anticipate that these funds will be used to fund working capital. We expect to make an additional $1 million investment pursuant to this commitment later this year. We did not receive additional shares in connection with the foregoing as we already own 100% of their outstanding shares.

Acorn Dividend

On February 7, 2012, we announced that our Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.035 per share to be paid on March 1, 2012 to common stockholders of record on February 20, 2012. The dividend is a continuation of our policy to pay a regular quarterly per share dividend of $.035 per quarter. On March 1, 2012, the total dividend payment was $618,000.


 

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OVERVIEW AND TREND INFORMATION
 
The following discussion includes statements that are forward-looking in nature. Whether such statements ultimately prove to be accurate depends upon a variety of factors that may affect our business and operations. Certain of these factors are discussed in “Item 1A. Risk Factors.”
We operate in three reportable segments: Energy & Security Sonar Solutions (through our DSIT subsidiary), GridSense and USSI. In addition, our “Other” segment represents IT and consulting activities at our DSIT subsidiary.
The following analysis should be read together with the segment information provided in Note 22 to our Consolidated Financial Statements included in this report.
 
DSIT Solutions
 
In 2011, DSIT increased its focus on marketing and developing its energy and security sonar solutions and products; particularly its products related to underwater security for energy and other strategic sites. Revenue of our DSIT subsidiary decreased by $1.0 million, or 8%, from $11.5 million in 2010 to $10.5 million in 2011. The decrease was due to decreased revenue in the Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment (from $10.2 million in 2010 to $9.1 million in 2011) while Other revenue (representing certain IT and consulting work performed by DSIT) increased slightly ($0.1 million). Fourth quarter 2011 revenue for DSIT was $3.8 million reflecting a significant increase (34%) over fourth quarter 2010 revenue of $2.8 million. Fourth quarter 2011 revenues were also well above (103%) third quarter 2011 revenues ($1.9 million). The increase in fourth quarter revenues was due to DSIT's recent receipt of its largest order ever ($12.3 million) for underwater security systems. The contract calls for the delivery of a large number of AquaShield™ Diver Detection Sonar (DDS) and PointShield™ Portable Diver Detection Sonar (PDDS) systems to protect offshore oil platforms, coastal energy terminals and high value vessels against underwater intrusion and sabotage. DSIT began delivery of the systems in the fourth quarter of 2011. DSIT's decreased revenues in 2011 compared to 2010 was due to the completion of an AquaShield™ DDS project in the end of 2010 without another project to replace those lost revenues. Furthermore, work on another AquaShield TM DDS project slowed down in 2011 due to the delay in an expected follow-up order of a large expansion to the project changing the configuration of the already ordered DDS systems. The receipt of the recent $12.3 million order and delivery of systems in the fourth quarter reversed the trend of declining revenues for DSIT during 2011.

Gross profit in DSIT in 2011 was $3.7 million which reflects a decrease of $1.2 million or 24% from $4.9 million in 2010. DSIT’s gross profit of $1.5 million during the fourth quarter of 2011 represented a $0.5 million increase over DSIT’s gross profit in the fourth quarter of 2010. The decrease in the year-on-year gross profit was attributable to both decreased revenues and gross margins in DSIT’s Energy & Sonar Security projects.   The increase in DSIT’s quarter-on-quarter gross profit was due to the revenues recognized associated with the recent $12.3 million AquaShield TM DDS systems order and the high margins associated with that order. Fourth quarter 2011 gross profit was also $1.1 million above third quarter 2011 gross profit ($0.4 million) due to the revenue recognized and associated with the aforementioned AquaShield TM systems.
 
DSIT's gross margin in 2011 was 35%, down from 2010’s gross margin of 42%. This followed a slight decrease in its gross margin from 43% in 2009. The decrease in gross margin in 2011 was attributable to the slow-down of work on an AquaShield TM DDS project which caused deterioration in the gross margin associated with that project. In addition, decreased margins in a number of non-Naval projects in our Energy & Sonar Security Solutions segment occurred when we encountered technological difficulties which caused greater than expected labor costs to bring those projects to completion. Fourth quarter 2011 gross margin was 39% as compared to 34% in the fourth quarter of 2010 and 20% in the third quarter of 2011. The increase in gross margins in the fourth quarter of 2011 was due to increased margins associated with the new project received in the fourth quarter of 2011.
 
During 2011, DSIT recorded approximately $3.1 million of selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expense as compared to approximately $3.0 million recorded during 2010. The increase in DSIT SG&A expense is attributable to increased marketing costs ($0.2 million) which offset decreased other general and administrative costs.
 
DSIT recorded a net income of $0.1 million in 2011 ($1.1 million in 2010 and $1.3 million in 2009). The decrease of $1.0 million from 2010 to 2011 was due to the decreased gross profit (which resulted from lower revenues and gross margins) and increased developments costs ($0.2 million) and SG&A expenses ($0.1 million) which were partially offset by a decrease in income tax expenses ($0.5 million). DSIT’s backlog at December 31, 2011 was approximately $13.6 million of which it expects to recognize approximately $9.9 million in 2012. DSIT expects to show significant revenue growth in 2012 compared to 2011 due to revenue it expects to recognize on it recently received $12.3 million order and additional orders it expects to receive during 2012. DSIT's level of profitability in 2012 will be affected by anticipated increased development and marketing costs as DSIT

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looks to expand its product portfolio and its marketing activities.

Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
During 2009, 2010 and 2011, revenues from our Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment in our DSIT subsidiary were $8.0 million, $10.2 million and $9.1 million, respectively, accounting for approximately 87% , 89% and 87% of DSIT’s revenues for 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. The balance of DSIT’s revenues of $1.2 million, $1.3 million and $1.4 million for the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011 were derived from DSIT’s other IT and consulting activities.
 
This segment’s revenues decreased by $1.1 million or 11% in 2011 as compared to 2010. While in 2010, this segment’s revenues increased by $2.2 million or 27% as compared to 2009. The decrease in revenues was due to the completion of an AquaShield™ DDS project in the end of 2010 without another project to replace those lost revenues until the receipt of the recent $12.3 million order received in December 2011. Furthermore, work on another AquaShield TM DDS project slowed down in 2011 due to the delay in an expected follow-up order of a large expansion to the project changing the configuration of the already ordered DDS systems.
 
Segment gross profit decreased in 2011 as compared to 2010 to $3.0 million from $4.4 million following an increase in 2010 from 2009 from $3.5 million in 2009 to $4.4 million in 2010. The decreased gross profit in 2011 as compared to 2010 was due to decreased revenues of our energy and sonar solutions products combined with reductions in gross margins which decreased from 43% in 2010 to 33% in 2011. The reduced margins in 2011 were caused the previously mentioned slow-down of work on an AquaShield TM DDS project and decreased margins in a number of non-Naval projects.
 
We anticipate significant growth in sales in 2012, particularly from our acoustic and sonar solutions projects as a result of our increased backlog with our revenues from embedded hardware and software development projects expected to remain relatively stable.  We anticipate new customers from new regions (primarily Asia based) placing orders for our sonar and acoustic products in 2012. The level of DSIT's net income in 2012 will further depend on amounts we choose to invest in expanded research and development and marketing efforts.


GridSense

In 2011, GridSense continued to focus on delivering solutions that address the power quality and reliability needs of utilities.  Each of GridSense's main product lines (the Line IQ ,Cable IQ ,PowerMonic and Transformer IQ ) addresses different aspects of the power delivery system.  In addition to its existing product range, GridSense continues to invest in new technology which may lead to the commercialization of new products and revenue drivers for the business. GridSense intends to expand its transformer monitoring capabilities and is expected to launch derivative products related to the TransformerIQ TM in future periods.

In accordance with applicable accounting standards, we began consolidating the results of GridSense beginning May 12, 2010, the date we acquired the outstanding GridSense shares not previously owned by us. Accordingly, full year results for 2010 and years prior were not included in Acorn's consolidated financial statements. In 2011, GridSense recorded revenues of $7.1 million, more than doubling 2010's full year revenues of $3.3 million. The increase of $3.8 million or 116% from 2010 to 2011 was primarily due to an order GridSense received in June 2011 from a leading electric utility in the Southeastern USA to use GridSense’s TransformerIQ TM to monitor over 2,000 transformers in one metropolitan county of its service territory. This project is expected to be a showcase for Smart Grid distribution optimization demonstrating the scalability and impact of affordable monitoring solutions on electric reliability. The American Recovery and Reinvestment Act provided half the funding for this project.

In 2011, gross profit was $3.3 million compared with 2010's full year gross profit of $1.7 million representing an increase of $1.6 million or 94% from 2010 to 2011. The gross margin percentage decreased in 2011 to 47% compared to 53% in 2010. The decrease in gross margin was due to non-recurring production set up costs related to large initial production batch runs of certain products. In future periods, we expect the gross margin percentage to rebound to historical levels of 50% or greater.

     In 2011, GridSense's U.S. operations contributed approximately $3.7 million to GridSense's total revenue compared to approximately $1.2 million in 2010, an increase of over 200%. The increase in revenues is attributable to the June 2011 order GridSense received from a leading electric utility in the Southeastern USA to use its TransformerIQ TM to monitor over 2,000 transformers. The order was completed in 2011. Australia operations contributed approximately $3.4 million of revenues in 2011 compared to $2.2 million in 2010, an increase of $1.1 million or 50%. The increase is attributable to the adoption of new products such as a new PowerMonic TM version capable of remote communications which was launched during the year.


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GridSense’s full year revenues by main product lines for 2009, 2010 and 2011 are as follows:

 
 
2009*
 
2010*
 
2011
 
 
(in thousands of U.S dollars)
PowerMonic
 
$
1,698

 
$
1,386

 
$
2,891

Line IQ
 
1,230

 
1,116

 
1,187

Transformer IQ
 

 
89

 
2,696

Other
 
681

 
724

 
345

Total
 
$
3,609

 
$
3,315

 
$
7,119


* 2009 revenues are prior to Acorn's acquisition of GridSense. 2010 revenues include revenues for the period prior to Acorn's acquisition of GridSense in May 2010.

Sales across all major product lines increased in 2011 compared to 2010. Management expects sales for all product lines to continue to grow as market conditions continue to improve. In 2011, Line IQ sales represented 17% of GridSense's revenues while Transformer IQ sales represented 38% of overall company sales. Management expects sales from both the Line IQ and Transformer IQ to represent a greater portion of overall sales in the future. These product lines are expected to drive sales growth for the company.
 
The Line IQ product family has introduced a newly redesigned advanced sensor which improves both the functionality and price of its predecessor product. This new sensor will be available to customers during 2012. Due to the improved cost of deploying this line monitoring system, utilities will be able to justify larger scale roll-outs. Management expects increases in the size of deployment with existing Line IQ users as well as adoption by new utility customers.
 
The Transformer IQ was commercially introduced during 2010. During 2011, GridSense was awarded a sizeable order by a U.S. utility to monitor a fleet of over 2,000 transformers, validating the technology and market demand. Since fulfillment of this large order, GridSense has generated traction with other utility customers involving various applications of transformer monitoring. Management expects growth from new customers as a number of prospective utility customers are in various stages of evaluating TransformerIQ TM in pilots or trials. In addition, increased marketing and sales efforts is expected to expand GridSense's market penetration.


USSI
 
In 2011, USSI continued to focus on customer “proof-of-concept” contracts for its major product lines. In particular, USSI had revenue related to “proof-of-concept” contracts for its 4D reservoir and shale gas monitoring, from fiber optic perimeter security systems and government contract revenue from fiber optic underwater security system development for diver detection.
In 2011, full year revenues were $1.3 million compared to $0.4 million in 2010. The increase of $0.9 million or 196% from 2010 to 2011 was due primarily to the interest of the oil and gas market in entering into “proof-of-concept” contracts for USSI's downhole and marine seismic products.
USSI's full year revenues by main markets for 2010 and 2011 are as follows:

 
2010*
 
2011
 
(in thousands of U.S dollars)
Oil & Gas
$
120
 
 
$
955

Commercial Security
106
 
 
226

Defense
219
 
 
135

Total
$
445
 
 
$
1,316


* 2010 revenues include revenues for the period prior to Acorn's effective acquisition of USSI in February 2010.

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In 2011, full year gross profit was a negative $98,000 compared to a positive $48,000 in 2010. The decline is primarily due to increased engineering and production costs as USSI transitions from development of its products to production. USSI is currently engaged in developing cost cutting measures for the manufacturing of its commercial products, including investment in equipment that will make manufacturing more efficient and improving the production process that will ultimately result in less man-hours required for each product sold. Furthermore, USSI expects that its gross margin will grow as it benefits from allocating its fixed costs over a larger revenue base and as it begins to utilize lower cost personnel in its production.

We anticipate significant growth in revenues in 2012, particularly from new customers related to our 4D reservoir & shale gas monitoring systems following the numerous demonstrations scheduled for early 2012 as well as follow-on projects from our existing 2011 "proof-of-concept" projects, each of which has the potential for annual multi-million dollar follow-up orders. We also anticipate significantly increased costs as we have grown our employee base from seven at the end of 2010 to 28 full-time employees (including eight full-time consultants) as of December 31, 2011. USSI expects to continue to grow its Engineering and Operations staff into 2012.
CoaLogix

On August 31, 2011, Acorn completed the sale of its majority owned CoaLogix Inc. subsidiary (“CoaLogix”) pursuant to which Acorn and the other owner of CoaLogix sold all the outstanding capital stock of CoaLogix for $101 million (subject to certain adjustments) in cash.  Acorn owned approximately 65% of CoaLogix on a fully diluted basis and received $61.9 million in consideration for its CoaLogix shares, of which $6.0 million was deposited in an escrow account to secure possible indemnification claims which Acorn expects to be released by August 31, 2012 and $347,000 which was deposited in an escrow account against a possible working capital shortfall and which was released to Acorn in the fourth quarter of 2011.
In connection with the sale of Acorn's shares of the common stock of CoaLogix, Acorn recorded a gain of $47.0 million (included in the gain is approximately $485,000 which was received as part of an additional working capital adjustment in the fourth quarter of 2011). Acorn also recorded income taxes of approximately $16.0 million based on a Federal income tax rate of 34%. The net gain of $31.0 million is reflected in Acorn's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as a “Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes”.

Coreworx
 
On November 9, 2010, following a decision by Acorn's board of directors to cease providing funding for Coreworx, Acorn entered into a letter of intent with Coreworx for Acorn to sell all of its common stock in Coreworx to a management buyout group consisting of Coreworx’ management and certain employees and other investors.  The management buyout transaction was consummated on December 17, 2010, following which Acorn retained a 10% interest in Coreworx, warrants to acquire an additional 10% of Coreworx, $4.0 million of Coreworx debt and a $40,000 restructuring fee due from Coreworx on July 1, 2011. Acorn did not attribute any value to any of the above on its financial statements of December 31, 2010.
On October 31, 2011, Acorn sold its 10% stake in Coreworx and the entire $4.0 million of Coreworx debt, its right to royalties and the $40,000 restructuring fee (which was at the time still unpaid) back to Coreworx for $100,000. The Company recorded a $64,000 gain (net of income taxes of $34,000) on the transaction in Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. Acorn still retains its warrants to acquire 10% of Coreworx and continues not to ascribe any value to those warrants.

Corporate
 
Corporate general and administrative expense in 2011 reflected a $0.4 million decrease to $3.9 million as compared to $4.3 million of expense in 2010.  The decrease in corporate general and administrative expense in 2011 is primarily attributable to decreased professional fees associated with certain 2010 activities (an SEC inquiry regarding our sales of Comverge stock, a registered direct offering and our acquisitions and dispositions), as well as decreased compensation costs primarily attributable to reduced stock compensation expense in 2011. These decreases were partially offset by increased investor relations costs. Fourth quarter corporate general and administrative expense of $1.4 million reflected a $0.4 million increase as compared to the third quarter corporate general and administrative expense primarily due to corporate bonuses. We expect our annual corporate general and administrative costs to increase in 2012 as compared to 2011. We anticipate increasing our investor relation costs as well as incurring increasing personnel costs associated with compensation increases. We have hired a Senior Director of External Relations who is available to assist our subsidiaries with marketing and, in the case of our U.S. subsidiaries, certain legislative and other governmental relations matters. We have also retained one of our directors as a paid consultant to work with our operating companies in developing and monitoring their business plans, provide investor relations services in Europe and help identify acquisition and partnership opportunities.

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CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
The SEC defines “critical accounting policies” as those that require application of management’s most difficult, subjective or complex judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates about the effect of matters that are inherently uncertain and may change in subsequent periods.
 
The following discussion of critical accounting policies represents our attempt to report on those accounting policies, which we believe are critical to our consolidated financial statements and other financial disclosure.  It is not intended to be a comprehensive list of all of our significant accounting policies, which are more fully described in Note 2 of the Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Annual Report.  In many cases, the accounting treatment of a particular transaction is specifically dictated by generally accepted accounting principles, with no need for management’s judgment in their application.  There are also areas in which the selection of an available alternative policy would not produce a materially different result.
 
We have identified the following as critical accounting policies affecting our Company: principles of consolidation and investments in associated companies; business combinations, impairments in goodwill and intangible assets, revenue recognition, foreign currency transactions and stock-based compensation.
 
Principles of Consolidation and Investments in Associated Companies
 
Our consolidated financial statements include the accounts of all majority-owned subsidiaries.  All intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated.
 
Investments in other entities are accounted for using the equity method or cost basis depending upon the level of ownership and/or our ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.  Investments of this nature are recorded at original cost and adjusted periodically to recognize our proportionate share of the investee’s net income or losses after the date of investment.  When net losses from an investment accounted for under the equity method exceed its carrying amount, the investment balance is reduced to zero and additional losses are not recorded.  We resume accounting for the investment under the equity method when the entity subsequently reports net income and our share of that net income exceeds the share of net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.  Investments are written down only when there is clear evidence that a decline in value that is other than temporary has occurred.
 
In the year ending December 31, 2010, we began consolidating the results of USSI effective February 23, 2010 following the signing of option agreements with USSI and certain shareholders of USSI whereby we received options to acquire up to 87% of the company (see Note 4(b) to our Consolidated Financial Statements). We also began consolidating the results of GridSense on May 12, 2010 following our acquisition of the approximately 70% of the company we did not previously own (see Note 4(a) to our Consolidated Financial Statements). On December 17, 2010, we ceased consolidating the results of Coreworx following the sale of all of our common stock in the company to a management buyout group consisting of Coreworx’ management and certain employees and other investors (see Note 5(b) to our Consolidated Financial Statements).  On August 31, 2011, we ceased consolidating the results of CoaLogix following the sale of all of our common stock in the company (see Note 3(b) to our Consolidated Financial Statements). The results of CoaLogix and Coreworx are presented as discontinued operations for all the periods since our acquisition of them in November 2007 and August 2008, respectively.

Business combination accounting
 
We have acquired a number of businesses during the last several years, and we may acquire additional businesses in the future.  Business combination accounting, often referred to as purchase accounting, requires us to determine the fair value of all assets acquired, including identifiable intangible assets, and liabilities assumed.  The cost of the acquisition is allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed in amounts equal to the estimated fair value of each asset and liability, and any remaining acquisition cost is classified as an amortizable intangible asset, a non-amortizable intangible asset or goodwill.  This allocation process requires extensive use of estimates and assumptions, including estimates of future cash flows to be generated by the acquired assets.  Certain identifiable intangible assets, such as customer lists and covenants not to compete, are amortized based on the pattern in which the economic benefits of the intangible assets are consumed over the intangible asset’s estimated useful life.  The estimated useful life of our amortizable identifiable intangible assets ranges from three to twenty years.  Goodwill is not amortized.  Accordingly, the acquisition cost allocation has had, and will continue to have, a significant impact on our current operating results.
 



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Goodwill and Intangibles
 
As a result of our various acquisitions, we have recorded goodwill and various amortizable intangible assets. Businesses acquired are recorded at their fair value on the date of acquisition. The excess of the purchase price over the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed is recognized as goodwill.
 
Our goodwill at December 31, 2011 was approximately $ 4.6 million representing approximately 5.4% of our total assets. Our goodwill is allocated to our segments as follows: Energy & Security Sonar Solutions – approximately $ 0.5 million , GridSense – approximately $ 2.7 million and USSI – approximately $ 1.4 million .
 
Our intangible assets that have finite useful lives recorded at fair value at the time of the acquisition, and are carried at such value less accumulated amortization. Our net intangible asset balance at December 31, 2011 was approximately $4.8 million representing approximately 5.6% of our total assets. The composition of our intangible assets at December 31, 2011 consisted of Naval Technologies in our Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment ( $0.2 million , net of accumulated amortization), Software and Customer Relationships in our GridSense segment ( $2.2 million , net of accumulated amortization) and Sensor Technologies in our USSI segment ( $2.3 million , net of accumulated amortization). We amortize these intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives.
 
We review our goodwill for impairment annually at the reporting unit level in the fourth quarter of each fiscal year. Each of our reportable operating segments (Energy & Security Sonar Solutions, GridSense and USSI) is deemed to be a reporting unit.  These reporting units have been identified based on appropriate accounting principles, which considers, among other things, the manner in which we operate our business and the availability of discrete financial information. Assets acquired and liabilities assumed are assigned to a reporting unit as of the date of acquisition. In the event we reorganize our business, we reassign the assets (including goodwill) and liabilities among the affected reporting units. Our corporate activities and those relating to our non-reporting segment are not assigned to our reporting units. We periodically review these reporting units to ensure that they continue to reflect the manner in which the business is operated.

We also analyze whether any indicators of impairment for goodwill and intangibles exist each quarter. A significant amount of judgment is involved in determining if an indicator of impairment has occurred. Such indicators may include a sustained, significant decline in our share price and market capitalization, a decline in our expected future cash flows, a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate, unanticipated competition, the testing for recoverability of our long-lived assets, and/or slower growth rates, among others.
 
In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that simplified how entities test for goodwill impairment. This guidance permits entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. This guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, and early adoption is permitted. As discussed more fully in Note 12(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, we early adopted this guidance for our annual goodwill impairment test that was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2011.

If we had determined that was necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test, we would determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit.  Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management.  To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, there is an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired and a second step of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of the impairment to be recognized, if any.

The first step of our annual evaluation in the two-step goodwill impairment test is to compare the estimated fair value of our reporting units to their respective carrying values to determine whether there is an indicator of potential impairment. If the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds its estimated fair value, we conduct a second step, in which we calculate the implied fair value of goodwill. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit’s goodwill exceeds the calculated implied fair value of that goodwill, an impairment loss is recognized in an amount equal to that excess. The implied fair value of goodwill is determined in the same manner as the amount of goodwill recognized in a business combination. The fair value of the reporting unit is allocated to all of the assets and liabilities of that unit (including any unrecognized intangible assets such as the assembled workforce) as if the reporting unit had been acquired in a business combination at the date of assessment and the fair value of the reporting unit was the purchase price paid to acquire the reporting unit.
 
We estimate the fair value of our reporting units using discounted expected future cash flows.  We perform a valuation analysis, utilizing an income approach in our goodwill assessment process. The following describes the valuation methodology

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typically used to derive the fair value of our reporting units. 
 
Income Approach: To determine each reporting unit’s estimated fair value, we discount the expected cash flows of our reporting units. We estimate our future cash flows after considering current economic conditions and trends; estimated future operating results, growth rates, anticipated future economic and regulatory conditions; and the availability of necessary technology. The discount rate used represents the estimated weighted average cost of capital, which reflects the overall level of inherent risk involved in our operations and the rate of return an outside investor would expect to earn. To estimate cash flows beyond the final year of our model, we use a terminal value approach. Under this approach, we use estimated operating income before depreciation and amortization in the final year of our model, adjust it to estimate a normalized cash flow, apply a perpetuity growth assumption and discount by a perpetuity discount factor to determine the terminal value. We incorporate the present value of the resulting terminal value into our estimate of fair value.
 
The preparation of the long-range forecasts, the selection of the discount rates and the estimation of the multiples used in valuing the terminal year involve significant judgments. Changes to these assumptions could affect the estimated fair value of our reporting units and could result in a goodwill impairment charge in a future period.

For 2011, as required, the Company performed an annual impairment test of recorded goodwill (during the fourth quarter of each year), or more frequently if impairment indicators or triggering events are present. As previously noted, in September 2011, the FASB issued guidance that simplified how entities test for goodwill impairment by permitting entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. We early adopted this guidance for our annual goodwill impairment test that was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2011. 

In performing the 2011 goodwill impairment test for each of our reporting units, we assessed the relevant qualitative factors and concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units are greater than their carrying amounts. After reaching this conclusion, no further testing was performed. The qualitative factors we considered included, but were not limited to, general economic conditions, industry and market conditions, pipeline and backlog, our recent and projected financial performance and the price of the Company's common stock.

Revenue Recognition
 
Revenue from time-and-materials service contracts, maintenance agreements and other services is recognized as services are provided.
 
In the year ended December 31, 2011, we recorded approximately $10.5 million of revenues representing approximately 55% of our consolidated revenues in our DSIT subsidiary.  In 2011, DSIT derived approximately $8.9 million or 85% of its revenues from fixed-price type contracts.  Fixed-price type contracts require the accurate estimation of the cost, scope and duration of each engagement.  Revenue and the related costs for these projects are recognized for a particular period, using the percentage-of-completion method as costs (primarily direct labor) are incurred, with revisions to estimates reflected in the period in which changes become known.  If we do not accurately estimate the resources required or the scope of work to be performed, or do not manage our projects properly within the planned periods of time or satisfy our obligations under the contracts, then future revenue and margins may be significantly and negatively affected and losses on existing contracts may need to be recognized.  Any such resulting changes in revenues and reductions in margins or contract losses could be material to our results of operations.
 
In 2011, GridSense recorded approximately $7.1 million of revenue representing approximately 38% of our consolidated revenue for the year.

Revenue from sales of GridSense monitoring equipment is recognized at the time title to the equipment and significant risks of ownership pass to the customer (which is generally upon shipment), when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured. Revenue from customer support services on monitoring equipment includes sales of parts and servicing of equipment. Sales of parts revenue is recognized when the parts are shipped to the customer or when the part is installed in the customer's equipment. Servicing of equipment revenue is recognized as the related service work is performed.

In 2011, USSI recorded approximately $1.3 million of revenue representing approximately 7% of our consolidated revenue for the year.

     Revenue from sales of USSI equipment is recognized at the time title to the equipment and significant risks of ownership pass to the customer (which is generally upon shipment), when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured.

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Table of Contents


Foreign Currency Transactions
 
The currency of the primary economic environment in which our corporate headquarters and our U.S. subsidiaries operate is the United States dollar (“dollar”).  Accordingly, the Company and all of its U.S. subsidiaries use the dollar as their functional currency.
 
DSIT’s functional currency is the New Israeli Shekel (“NIS”) while GridSense’s functional currency for its Australian operations is the Australian dollar (“AUS$”). In the year ended December 31, 2011, 55% of our consolidated revenues (80% and 100% in the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2009, respectively) came from our DSIT subsidiary while 18% of our consolidated revenue in the year ended December 31, 2011 (11% in the year ended December 31, 2010) came from GridSense’s Australian subsidiary. Their financial statements have been translated using the exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date.  Statements of operations amounts have been translated using the average exchange rate for the year or the specific exchange rate on the date of a specific transaction.  All exchange gains and losses denominated in non-functional currencies are reflected in finance expense, net in the consolidated statement of operations when they arise.
 
Stock-based Compensation
 
We recognize stock-based compensation expense based on the fair value recognition provision of applicable accounting principles, using the Black-Scholes option valuation method.  Accordingly, we are required to measure the cost of employee services received in exchange for an award of equity instruments based on the grant-date fair value of the award and to recognize that cost over the period during which an employee is required to provide service in exchange for the award.  Under the Black-Scholes method, we make assumptions with respect to the expected lives of the options that have been granted and are outstanding, the expected volatility and the dividend yield percentage of our common stock and the risk-free interest rate at the respective dates of grant.  
 
The expected volatility factor used to value stock options in 2011 was based on the historical volatility of the market price of the Company’s common stock over a period equal to the estimated weighted average life of the options.  For the expected term of the option, we used an estimate of the expected option life based on historical experience. The risk-free interest rate used is based upon U.S. Treasury yields for a period consistent with the expected term of the options.  Historically, we had not paid dividends up until the decision by our Board in October 2011 to pay a quarterly dividend of $0.035 beginning in November 2011. Accordingly, our expected dividend rate was zero for all option grants prior to October 2011. Subsequent to the declaration of the quarterly dividend, our expected dividend rate was approximately 2.7%.  We recognize stock-based compensation expense on an accelerated basis over the requisite service period.  Due to the numerous assumptions involved in calculating share-based compensation expense, the expense recognized in our consolidated financial statements may differ significantly from the value realized by employees on exercise of the share-based instruments.  In accordance with the prescribed methodology, we do not adjust our recognized compensation expense to reflect these differences.  Recognition of stock-based compensation expense had, and will likely continue to have, a material effect on our selling, general and administrative and other items within our consolidated statements of operations and also may have a material effect on our deferred income taxes and additional paid-in capital line items within our consolidated balance sheets.  We are also required to use judgment in estimating the amount of stock-based awards that are expected to be forfeited.  If actual forfeitures differ significantly from the original estimate, stock-based compensation expense and our results of operations could be materially impacted.
 
For each of the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, we incurred stock compensation expense with respect to options of approximately $0.4, $0.7 million and $0.7 million, respectively.
 
See Note 18(d) the consolidated financial statements for the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of share-based employee compensation.

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Table of Contents

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
 
The following table sets forth selected consolidated statement of operations data as a percentage of our total sales:

 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
 
2007
 
2008
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Revenues
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
 
100
%
Cost of sales
 
73

 
68

 
57

 
58

 
63

Gross profit
 
27

 
32

 
43

 
42

 
37

Research and development expenses
 
9

 
3

 
5

 
7

 
16

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
103

 
76

 
62

 
73

 
63

Impairments
 
2

 
44

 
1

 
8

 

Operating loss
 
(87
)
 
(91
)
 
(25
)
 
(46
)
 
(42
)
Finance expense, net
 
(33
)
 
(35
)
 
(1
)
 
(2
)
 

Gain on early redemption of convertible debentures
 

 
15

 

 

 

Gain on sale of shares in Comverge
 
476

 
107

 
15

 

 

Gain on IPO of Comverge
 
332

 

 

 

 

Loss on private placement of equity investments
 
(1
)
 

 

 

 

Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 

 

 
9

 

Dividends received from EnerTech
 

 

 

 
1

 

Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 

 

 
3

Loss on sale of EnerTech
 

 

 

 
(13
)
 

Income (loss) from operations before taxes on income
 
687

 
(3
)
 
(10
)
 
(50
)
 
(40
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
9

 
(4
)
 
8

 
(5
)
 
67

Income (loss) from operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries
 
696

 
(7
)
 
(3
)
 
(55
)
 
27

Share of income (losses) in Paketeria
 
(25
)
 
(19
)
 
3

 

 

Share of losses in GridSense
 

 
(11
)
 
(1
)
 

 

Share of losses in Comverge
 

 

 

 

 

Income (loss) from continuing operations
 
672

 
(37
)
 
(1
)
 
(55
)
 
27

In-process research and development expense recorded in acquisition of discontinued operation
 

 
(30
)
 

 

 

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(3
)
 
(32
)
 
(66
)
 
(126
)
 
(10
)
Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 

 

 

 

 
164

Non-controlling interest share of loss from discontinued operations
 

 
3

 
7

 

 
3

Net income (loss)
 
669

 
(96
)
 
(60
)
 
(181
)
 
184

Net income (loss) attributable to non-controlling interests
 

 

 
(2
)
 
4

 
3

Net income (loss) attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc.
 
669

 
(96
)
 
(62
)
 
(177
)
 
187


The following table sets forth certain information with respect to revenues and profits of our reportable business segments for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, including the percentages of revenues attributable to such segments.  (See Note 22 to our consolidated financial statements for the definitions of our reporting segments).  The column marked “Other” aggregates information relating to miscellaneous operating activities in our DSIT subsidiary, which may be combined for reporting under applicable accounting principles.
 

41


 
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
GridSense
 
USSI
 
Other
 
Total
Year ended December 31, 2011:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from external customers
 
$
9,104

 
$
7,119

 
$
1,316

 
$
1,389

 
$
18,928

Percentage of total revenues from external customers
 
48
%
 
38
%
 
7
%
 
7
%
 
100
%
Segment gross profit
 
3,019

 
3,327

 
(98
)
 
665

 
6,913

Depreciation and amortization
 
220

 
375

 
224

 
28

 
847

Stock compensation expense
 

 

 

 

 

Segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
(244
)
 
(1,448
)
 
(2,775
)
 
298

 
(4,169
)
Year ended December 31, 2010:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from external customers
 
$
10,179

 
$
2,382

 
$
405

 
$
1,278

 
$
14,244

Percentage of total revenues from external customers
 
71
%
 
17
%
 
3
%
 
9
%
 
100
%
Segment gross profit
 
4,380

 
1,172

 
23

 
469

 
6,044

Depreciation and amortization
 
172

 
242

 
141

 
23

 
578

Stock compensation expense
 
42

 

 

 

 
42

Impairments
 

 
1,166

 

 

 
1,166

Segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
1,488

 
(2,852
)
*
(1,191
)
 
77

 
(2,478
)
Year ended December 31, 2009:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues from external customers
 
$
7,985

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,234

 
$
9,219

Percentage of total revenues from external customers
 
87
%
 

 

 
13
%
 
100
%
Segment gross profit
 
3,540

 

 

 
415

 
3,955

Depreciation and amortization
 
189

 

 

 
25

 
214

Stock compensation expense
 
2

 

 

 

 
2

Impairments
 

 

 

 

 

Segment net income before income taxes
 
1,051

 

 

 
64

 
1,115

 
* includes the impairment charge of $1,166
 

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2011 COMPARED TO 2010
 
Revenues .  Revenues increased by $4.7 million or 33% to $18.9 million in 2011 as compared to revenues of $14.2 million in 2010.   DSIT’s revenue decreased $1.0 million (8%) from $11.5 million to $10.5 million. GridSense's revenue for 2011 was $7.1 million compared to $2.4 million in 2010 since we began consolidating results in May 2010. USSI's revenue for 2011 was $1.3 million compared to $0.4 million in 2010 since we began consolidating its results in February 2010.

The decrease in DSIT's Energy & Security Sonar Solutions revenues was due to decreased revenue from DSIT's AquaShield projects which resulted from a project which was completed in late 2010. GridSense's increased revenue were attributable to increased revenue in both its U.S and Australian operations. The increased revenue in its U.S. operations was due to an order GridSense received in June 2011 from a leading electric utility in the Southeastern USA to use GridSense's TransformerIQ TM to monitor over 2,000 transformers in one metropolitan county of its service territory. The increased revenues in its Australian operations was attributable to the adoption of new products such as a new PowerMonic TM version capable of remote communications which was launched during the year. USSI's increase in revenues was attributable to its receipt and delivery on several "proof-of-concept" projects for its major product lines (4D reservoir & shale gas monitoring, fiber optic perimeter security systems and underwater security systems for diver detection) throughout 2011.

Gross profit .  Gross profit in 2011 increased by $0.9 million or 14%, to $6.9 million from $6.0 million in 2010. DSIT recorded decreased gross profits (approximately $1.2 million or 24%). GridSense's gross profit for 2011 was $3.3 million compared to $1.2 million in 2010 since we began consolidating its results in May 2010. USSI's gross profit for 2011 was a negative $98,000 compared to a marginal gross profit of $23,000 in 2010 since we began consolidating its results in February 2010.

The decrease in DSIT gross profits was attributable to both decreased revenues and a decrease in consolidated gross margins from 42% in 2010 to 35% in 2011. DSIT's decline in gross margins was due to the slow-down of work on an AquaShield TM DDS project which caused deterioration in the gross margin associated with that project as well as decreased margins in a number of non-Naval projects in our Energy & Sonar Security Solutions segment which encountered technological difficulties to bring those projects to completion. GridSense's increase in gross profits was wholly attributable to its increased revenues as its gross margin declined slightly from 49% in 2010 to 47% in 2011. GridSense's decreased gross margin is due to non-recurring production set up costs related to large initial production batch runs of certain products. USSI's negative gross profit in 2011 is due to negative margins incurred as it works through its “proof-of-concept” contracts and as it transitions from development to production.

Research and development expenses (“R&D”) .  R&D of $3.0 million in 2011 reflects an increase of $2.0 million or 210% as compared to 2010's R&D of $1.0 million. Our R&D reflects significant increases by both GridSense and USSI who recorded R&D of $1.4 million and $1.1 million, respectively, in 2011 compared to $0.3 million and $0.4 in 2010 in the period after our acquisition of them.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) .  SG&A increased by $1.5 million from $10.4 million in 2010 to $11.9 million in 2011. DSIT’s SG&A costs in 2010 increased by $0.1 million to $3.1 million in 2011. Corporate general and administrative costs decreased by $0.4 million in 2011 compared to 2010 to $3.9 million. In addition, our 2011 SG&A includes full year SG&A costs by GridSense and USSI ($3.4 million and $1.6 million, respectively) whereas 2010's SG&A costs ($2.3 million and $0.8 million, respectively) were only for the period following our acquisition of them.
 
DSIT’s increased SG&A costs primarily reflect increased marketing costs. Decreased corporate general and administrative costs primarily reflect decreased professional fees associated with certain 2010 activities as well as decreased compensation costs primarily attributable to reduced stock compensation expense in 2011. SG&A costs at GridSense were relatively unchanged on a pro-rata basis , while increased SG&A costs at USSI were primarily driven by the growth of the company's infrastructure to handle anticipated sales growth.

Gain on sale of HangXing. In March 2011, we sold our 25% interest in HangXing International Automation Engineering Co. Ltd. (“HangXing”) back to the majority owner, China Aero-Polytechnology Establishment for $492,000. Our investment of approximately $250,000 in HangXing was made in 1995. The investment was entirely written-off in 1999.

Income tax benefit (expense). In 2011, the $12.8 million of income tax benefit recorded is primarily due to the release of a valuation allowance on previously reserved deferred tax assets of approximately $14.6 million of deferred tax assets as a result of the current period taxable gain on the sale of CoaLogix. The deferred tax assets were primarily related to recognition of previous years’ net losses. This was offset by current tax expense of approximately $1.8 million.

 

43


Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes. In December 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell all of our common stock in Coreworx to a management buyout group consisting of Coreworx’ management and certain employees and other investors. As a result, all of Coreworx’ activity for 2010 (a net loss of $19.5 million) is presented as a loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes as is the $1.8 million gain we recorded on the deconsolidation of Coreworx. In addition, as a result of the sale of all of our common stock in CoaLogix, all of CoaLogix’ activity for 2011 (a net loss prior to attribution to non-controlling interests) of $1.9 million and $0.3 million for the years ended December 31, 2011 and 2010, respectively, are also presented as a loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes.

Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes. In August 2011, we completed the sale of our majority owned CoaLogix Inc. subsidiary pursuant to a Stock Purchase Agreement with EnerTech Capital Partners III L.P., certain management employees of the CoaLogix subsidiary (collectively with the Company, the "Sellers"), CoaLogix and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc. (the "Buyer"), pursuant to which the Sellers sold all the outstanding capital stock of CoaLogix to the Buyer for $101 million (subject to certain adjustments) in cash. We received approximately $61.9 million in consideration for our CoaLogix shares, of which approximately $6.3 million was deposited into various escrow accounts, of which approximately $0.3 million was released in the fourth quarter of 2011 and the balance is expected to be released in the third quarter of 2012. During the fourth quarter of 2011, we recorded an additional gain on the sale of CoaLogix of approximately $0.5 million following our receipt of an additional $0.5 million as part of a working capital adjustment. In connection with the sale of our shares of the common stock of CoaLogix, we recorded a net gain of approximately $31.0 million (a gain of $47.0 million net of income taxes of $16.0 million).

Net income (loss). We had net income of $35.4 million in 2011 compared with net loss of $25.1 million in 2010. Our net income in 2011 attributable to gains of $31.0 million and $0.5 million recorded on the sales of CoaLogix and HangXing, respectively. Those gains were offset by losses from our operating companies, corporate operating and tax expenses and losses recorded with respect to discontinued operations of our former CoaLogix subsidiary. GridSense and USSI losses for the year were $1.4 million and $2.8 million, respectively. In addition we recorded corporate operating expenses of $3.9 million and losses from discontinued operations of $1.9 million. Those losses were partially offset by an income tax benefit of $12.8 million, DSIT's income of $0.1 million, the non-controlling interest share of our subsidiary losses of $0.5 million and the non-controlling interest share of CoaLogix losses of $0.5 million.

 


2010 COMPARED TO 2009
 
Revenues .  Revenues increased by $5.0 million or 55% to $14.2 million in 2010 as compared to sales of $9.2 million in 2009.  DSIT’s revenue increased $2.2 million (24%) from $9.2 million to $11.5 million. Our 2010 sales also include $2.4 million and $0.4 million of sales by our GridSense and USSI subsidiaries whose results since our acquisition are included in our results for 2010. The increase in DSIT's Energy & Security Sonar Solutions revenues was due to increased revenues from DSIT's AquaShield projects.

Gross profit .  Gross profit in 2010 increased by $2.1 million or 53%, to $6.0 million from $4.0 million in 2009. DSIT recorded increased gross profit ($0.9 million or 23% ). Our 2010 gross profit also includes $1.2 million of gross profit by our GridSense subsidiary whose results since our acquisition are included in our results for 2010. USSI’s contribution to our gross profit since our acquisition of it was negligible. The increase in DSIT gross profit were almost wholly attributable to the increase in sales as gross margins decreased slightly. Consolidated gross margin at DSIT was 42% in 2010, a slight decrease from 43% in 2009.

Research and development expenses (“R&D”) .  R&D of $1.0 million in 2010 reflects an increase of $0.5 million or 111% as compared to 2009. Our 2010 R&D includes $0.3 million and $0.4 million of R&D by our GridSense and USSI subsidiaries whose results since our acquisition are included in our results for 2010.
 
Impairments. During 2010, we recorded a non-cash impairment charge of $1.2 million. The 2010 impairment was with respect to previously recorded goodwill associated with our GridSense subsidiary. The impairment was recorded following our annual impairment analysis which is performed in the fourth quarter.
 
Selling, general and administrative expenses (“SG&A”) .  SG&A increased from $5.7 million in 2009 by $4.7 million to $10.4 million in 2010. DSIT’s SG&A costs in 2010 increased by $0.6 million as compared to 2009. Corporate general and administrative costs increased by $1.0 million in 2010 compared to 2009. In addition, our 2010 SG&A includes $2.3 million and $0.8 million of SG&A by our GridSense and USSI subsidiaries whose results since our acquisition are included in our results for 2010.

44


 
DSIT’s increased SG&A costs primarily reflect increased marketing costs as well as increased salary costs and non-recurring provisions recorded associated with salary adjustments. Increased corporate general and administrative costs reflect bonuses recorded in the first half of 2010 combined with increased administrative and salary costs and professional and investor relation fees.
 
Loss on sale of EnerTech .  In December 2010, we sold our investment in EnerTech and received proceeds of approximately $1.1 million. We recorded a loss of approximately $1.8 million on the sale. As a result of the sale, we no longer have any commitment to fund capital calls in EnerTech.

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes .  On December 17, 2010, we entered into an agreement to sell all of our common stock in Coreworx to a management buyout group consisting of Coreworx’ management and certain employees and other investors.  As a result, all of Coreworx’s net activity for 2010 (a loss of $19.5 million) through that date which includes a charge of $9.5 million with respect to the impairment of the goodwill and intangibles associated with Coreworx. In addition, we recorded a gain of $1.8 million on the disposition of Coreworx which is comprised of a gain of $5.9 million on the deconsolidation of Coreworx assets and liabilities less a full provision on Coreworx debt of $4.0 million due to us from Coreworx following the management buyout transaction and an estimated $0.1 million of legal fees. In addition, as a result of the sale of all of our common stock in CoaLogix, all of CoaLogix’ activity for 2010 (a net loss prior to attribution to non-controlling interests) of $0.3 million for the year ended December 31, 2010, is also presented as a loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes.
 
Net loss .  We had a net loss of $25.1 million in 2010 compared with net loss of $5.8 million in 2009. Our loss in 2010 was primarily due to losses associated with our former Coreworx’ subsidiary which are reflected in discontinued operations ($19.5 million of losses is losses from discontinued operation partially offset by the gain of $1.8 million on the deconsolidation of Coreworx) as well as CoaLogix losses of $0.3 million which are also included in losses from discontinued operations. In addition, we also recorded losses in GridSense and USSI since our acquisition of them of $3.0 million (which includes a non-cash $1.2 million impairment charge against goodwill) and $1.2 million, respectively, corporate expenses of $4.3 million and a loss of $1.8 million on the sale of our EnerTech investment which were partially offset by net income from our DSIT subsidiary of $1.1 million, $0.7 million of non-controlling interests’ share in our losses and a gain of $1.3 million we recorded with respect to the step-up of the previous carrying value of our investment in GridSense to fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for step acquisitions.


45


LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
 
As of December 31, 2011, we had working capital of $60.2 million, including $34.3 million of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits of $18.0 million, $6.0 million of funds held in escrow and current restricted deposits of $2.2 million . Net cash and cash equivalents increased during the year ended December 31, 2011 by $27.7 million. Approximately $7.8 million was used in operating activities of our continuing operations during the year.
The primary use of cash in our operating activities during the year ended December 31, 2011 was the cash used in operations by our USSI and GridSense subsidiaries ($2.8 million and $1.8 million, respectively) combined with the approximately $5.7 million of cash used in our corporate operating activities. The $5.7 million of cash used in our corporate activities includes tax payments of approximately $2.1 million on our expected taxable income for 2011.These uses of cash were partially offset by the $2.5 million of cash provided by DSIT's operating activities during the year.
Net cash provided by investment activities of $36.6 million was primarily from the proceeds from the sale of our interest in CoaLogix ($62.1 million of which $6.3 million was placed in escrow and $0.3 million was subsequently released in 2011) and the sale of our interest in HangXing ($0.5 million) . This was partially offset by $18.0 million that was placed in short-term deposits, $0.5 million which was used for the acquisition of property and equipment during the year and $1.1 million (net) of new restricted deposits during the period.
Net cash of $1.2 million was used in financing activities, primarily from the repayment of both long and short-term debt (net of long-term debt borrowings) of $0.8 million and our dividend payment in November 2011 of $0.6 million. This was partially offset by proceeds from the exercise of options ($0.2 million).

At December 31, 2011, DSIT had approximately $1.0 million in Israeli credit lines available to it from two Israeli banks (approximately $523,000 from each bank), of which approximately $0.5 million was then being used.  DSIT’s credit lines at one bank expires on September 4, 2012. The line of credit at the second bank formally expired on February 29, 2012. DSIT continues to obtain credit from the bank and is currently negotiating terms of renewal. The credit lines at the bank whose term expired in February 2012 are expected to be renewed for another year at terms similar to current terms. The lines of credit are denominated in NIS and bear interest at a weighted average rate of the Israeli prime rate per annum plus 2.5%.  The Israeli prime rate fluctuates and as of December 31, 2011 was 4.25% .  The lines-of-credit are subject to maintaining certain financial covenants. At December 31, 2011, DSIT was in compliance with its financial covenants. Acorn has a floating lien and provided guarantees with respect to DSIT’s outstanding lines of credit.
 
As at December 31, 2011, DSIT also has an outstanding term loan from an Israeli bank in the amount of approximately $275,000. The loan is denominated in NIS and bears interest at the rate of the Israeli prime rate per annum plus 0.9%. The loan is to be repaid over the next 24 months in equal payments of approximately $12,000 per month (principal and interest).
 
As collateral for the term-loan, DSIT has deposited with an Israeli bank approximately $78,000 as a non-current restricted deposit. In addition to this restricted deposit, DSIT has also deposited with two Israeli banks approximately $2.5 million as collateral for various performance and bank guarantees for various projects as well as for its credit facilities at the banks. DSIT expects that most of these deposits will be released during 2012 ($2.2 million are recorded as current restricted deposits), but expects to redeposit a majority of these funds again as collateral for new guarantees for new projects and for renewing its credit facilities.
 
On February 29, 2012, DSIT had approximately $2.3 million of cash of which $2.2 million was restricted ($1.9 million current and $0.3 million non-current) and was utilizing approximately $0.7 million of its lines-of-credit.  We believe that DSIT will have sufficient liquidity to finance its activities from cash flows from its own operations over the next 12 months.  This is based on continued utilization of its line-of-credit and expected continued improvement of operating results from anticipated growth in sales.
As of February 29, 2012, GridSense had approximately $1.0 million cash on hand following Acorn's transfer of $1.0 million for working capital (see Recent Developments). During the 2011 calendar year, Acorn provided GridSense with approximately $2.2 million for its working capital needs. Due to seasonality and the budget cycles of utility customers, GridSense expects its operations to be cash-flow negative in certain quarters and cash flow neutral or positive in other quarters. In order to attempt to accelerate its growth, GridSense may require additional working capital. In the long-term, while GridSense continues to have a strong sales pipeline, and we believe that it will be able to replicate large-scale projects similar to the TransformerIQTM project in the future, the timing of these projects is difficult to predict and there may be delays in getting awarded such contracts. As a result, we have no assurance that GridSense will be able to maintain its increased sales or be able to reduce its need for additional financing to support its working capital needs in 2012 and beyond. Accordingly, GridSense may continue to need additional working capital support, while it works to increase its sales. This support may be in the form of a bank line, additional investment or loan by Acorn, or a combination of the above. GridSense is currently in discussions with a bank to provide working capital financing; however, there is no assurance that such financing will be available in sufficient amounts, in a timely manner

46


or on acceptable terms.
USSI currently has no other sources of financing other than its internally generated sales and investments by Acorn. On February 6, 2012, we entered into the USSI Purchase Agreement with USSI pursuant to which we converted previously advanced funds ($2.5 million during the period from May 2011 to January 2012) into additional shares of USSI Common Stock and shares of USSI Preferred Stock (see Recent Developments). We also made a further payment to USSI of $2.25 million February 6, 2012 to purchase additional shares of USSI Preferred Stock, and we anticipate that we will purchase more shares of USSI Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2.5 million at a future date. This subsequent purchase is subject to the satisfaction of certain customary conditions. As of February 29, 2012, USSI had cash on hand of approximately $1.4 million. We have no assurance that USSI will not need additional financing from time-to-time to finance its working capital needs. Additional financing for USSI may be in the form of a bank line, new investment by others, a loan or investment by Acorn, or a combination of the above. There is no assurance that such support will be available from such sources in sufficient amounts, in a timely manner or on acceptable terms.
As at March 1, 2012, the Company's corporate operations (not including cash at any of our subsidiaries) had a total of approximately $19.4 million in cash and cash equivalents reflecting a $14.2 million decrease from the balance as of December 31, 2011. The decrease in corporate cash is primarily due the acquisition of OmniMetrix for $8.5 million (see Recent Developments), to an additional advance ($250,000) and investments ($2.25 million) in USSI (see Recent Developments), $1.5 million dividends (a special dividend paid in January and our regular quarterly dividend paid on March 1, 2012 (see Recent Developments)), a transfer to GridSense of $1.0 million and our corporate expenses.
We believe that the cash remaining from the sale of CoaLogix will provide more than sufficient liquidity to finance the operating activities of Acorn and the operations of its operating subsidiaries for the foreseeable future and for the next 12 months in particular.


Contractual Obligations and Commitments
 
The table below provides information concerning obligations under certain categories of our contractual obligations as of December 31, 2011.
 
CASH PAYMENTS DUE TO CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
 
 
 
Years Ending December 31,
(in thousands)
 
 
Total
 
2012
 
2013-2014
 
2015-2016
 
2017 and
thereafter
Bank and other debt, utilized lines-of-credit and capital leases
 
$
818

 
$
677

 
$
141

 
$

 
$

Operating leases
 
1,669

 
719

 
768

 
182

 

Potential severance obligations (1)
 
3,837

 

 
957

 
322

 
2,558

Total contractual cash obligations
 
$
6,324

 
$
1,396

 
$
1,866

 
$
504

 
$
2,558

 
We expect to finance these contractual commitments from cash currently on hand and cash generated from operations.
 
(1) Under Israeli law and labor agreements, DSIT is required to make severance payments to dismissed employees and to employees leaving employment under certain other circumstances.  The obligation for severance pay benefits, as determined by the Israeli Severance Pay Law, is based upon length of service and last salary.  These obligations are substantially covered by regular deposits with recognized severance pay and pension funds and by the purchase of insurance policies.  As of December 31, 2011, we accrued a total of $3.8 million for potential severance obligations to our Israeli employees of which approximately $2.6 million was funded.

Certain Information Concerning Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
 
Our DSIT subsidiary provides various performance, advance and tender guarantees as required in the normal course of its operations.  As at December 31, 2011, such guarantees totaled approximately $5.7 million and a majority were due to expire in 2013 and 2014.  As security for a portion of these guarantees, DSIT has deposited approximately $2.4 million which is shown as restricted cash on our Consolidated Balance Sheets ($2.2 million as current restricted cash and $0.2 million as non-current restricted cash).  As DSIT’s restricted cash is released from the completion of projects and the end of the guarantees, it expects to

47


provide additional security deposits for new guarantees for new projects throughout the 2012 calendar year.
 
  Impact of Inflation and Interest Rate & Currency Fluctuations
 
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on our lines-of-credit ($1.0 million available) and long-term debt incurred ($0.3 million balance at December 31, 2011) to finance our operations in Israel. Such lines-of-credit and loan bear interest at interest rates that are linked to the Israeli prime rate (4.25% at December 31, 2011 and 3.5% at December 31, 2010).

Our non-US dollar monetary assets and liabilities (net liabilities of approximately $1.7 million at December 31, 2011) in Israel are exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates.
 
Historically, a majority of DSIT’s sales have been denominated in dollars or denominated in NIS linked to the dollar.  Such sales transactions are negotiated in dollars; however, for the convenience of the customer they are often settled in NIS.  These transaction amounts are linked to the dollar between the date the transactions are entered into until the date they are effected and billed.  From the time these transactions are effected and billed through the date of settlement, amounts are primarily unlinked.  As DSIT increases its sales to customers outside of Israel, a greater portion of its receipts from customers will be settled in dollars. In 2012, we expect an increasing portion of DSIT’s sales to be settled in dollars. A significant majority of DSIT’s expenses in Israel are in NIS (primarily labor costs), while a portion is in dollars or dollar-linked NIS.
 
The dollar cost of our operations in Israel may be adversely affected in the future by a revaluation of the NIS in relation to the dollar.  In 2011 the appreciation of the dollar against the NIS was 7.6% while in 2010 the NIS appreciated against the dollar by 6.0%.
 
As of December 31, 2011, virtually all of DSIT’s monetary assets and liabilities that were not denominated in dollars or dollar-linked NIS were denominated in NIS.  In the event that in the future we have material net monetary assets or liabilities that are not denominated in dollar-linked NIS, such net assets or liabilities would be subject to the risk of currency fluctuations. DSIT purchases forward contracts to attempt to reduce its exposure to currency fluctuations.
 
In addition, our non-US dollar assets and liabilities (net liability of approximately $0.1 million at December 31, 2011) in Australia at our GridSense subsidiary’s Australian operations are also exposed to fluctuations in exchange rates. The dollar cost of our operations in Australia may also be adversely affected in the future by a revaluation of the Australian dollar in relation to the U.S. dollar.  In 2011 the Australian dollar was virtually unchanged against the U.S. dollar. During 2010, the Australian dollar appreciated against the U.S. dollar by 13.3%.

48


SUMMARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
 
The following table sets forth certain of our unaudited quarterly consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011.  This information should be read in conjunction with our Consolidated Financial Statements and the notes thereto.
 
  
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts
Revenues
 
$
2,606

 
$
3,372

 
$
4,018

 
$
4,249

 
$
3,095

 
$
4,107

 
$
5,051

 
$
6,675

Cost of sales
 
1,424

 
1,749

 
2,221

 
2,807

 
1,921

 
2,760

 
3,244

 
4,090

Gross profit
 
1,182

 
1,623

 
1,797

 
1,442

 
1,174

 
1,347

 
1,807

 
2,585

Research and development expenses, net
 
41

 
179

 
281

 
463

 
490

 
384

 
713

 
1,408

Impairments
 

 

 

 
1,166

 

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
2,247

 
2,592

 
2,830

 
2,772

 
2,743

 
2,724

 
3,142

 
3,343

Operating loss
 
(1,106
)
 
(1,148
)
 
(1,314
)
 
(2,959
)
 
(2,059
)
 
(1,761
)
 
(2,048
)
 
(2,166
)
Finance income (expense), net
 
5

 
(197
)
 
53

 
(85
)
 
(117
)
 
(100
)
 
262

 
(71
)
Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 
1,327

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 

 

 
492

 

 

 

Distribution received from EnerTech
 
135

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on the sale of EnerTech
 

 

 

 
(1,821
)
 

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes on income
 
(966
)
 
(18
)
 
(1,261
)
 
(4,865
)
 
(1,684
)
 
(1,861
)
 
(1,786
)
 
(2,237
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(75
)
 
(123
)
 
(372
)
 
(101
)
 
(65
)
 
26

 
12,111

 
695

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(1,041
)
 
(141
)
 
(1,633
)
 
(4,966
)
 
(1,749
)
 
(1,835
)
 
10,325

 
(1,542
)
Gain on the sale of CoaLogix, net of income taxes
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
30,683

 
386

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(2,132
)
 
(3,275
)
 
(3,307
)
 
(9,255
)
 
(836
)
 
(568
)
 
(544
)
 

Non-controlling interests share of loss from discontinued operations
 
(5
)
 
45

 
244

 
(217
)
 
232

 
157

 
151

 

Net income (loss)
 
(3,178
)
 
(3,371
)
 
(4,696
)
 
(14,438
)
 
(2,353
)
 
(2,246
)
 
40,615

 
(1,156
)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 
55

 
220

 
129

 
191

 
136

 
167

 
181

 
65

Net income (loss) attributable to Acorn   Energy, Inc
 
$
(3,123
)
 
$
(3,151
)
 
$
(4,567
)
 
$
(14,247
)
 
$
(2,217
)
 
$
(2,079
)
 
$
40,796

 
$
(1,091
)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

From continuing operations
 
$
(0.08
)
 
$

 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.30
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.60

 
$
(0.08
)
From discontinued operations
 
(0.17
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(0.58
)
 
(0.03
)
 
(0.02
)
 
1.73

 
0.02

Total attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders.
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.29
)
 
$
(0.88
)
 
$
(0.13
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
2.33

 
$
(0.06
)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

From continuing operations
 
$
(0.08
)
 
$

 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.30
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.59

 
$
(0.08
)
From discontinued operations
 
(0.17
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(0.58
)
 
(0.03
)
 
(0.02
)
 
1.70

 
0.02

Total attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders.
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.29
)
 
$
(0.88
)
 
$
(0.13
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
2.29

 
$
(0.06
)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. – basic
 
12,498

 
15,161

 
15,721

 
16,254

 
17,449

 
17,489

 
17,508

 
17,521

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. – diluted
 
12,498

 
15,161

 
15,721

 
16,254

 
17,449

 
17,489

 
17,810

 
17,521



49


ITEM 7A.
QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK

General
We are required to make certain disclosures regarding our financial instruments, including derivatives, if any.
A financial instrument is defined as cash, evidence of an ownership interest in an entity, or a contract that imposes on one entity a contractual obligation either to deliver or receive cash or another financial instrument to or from a second entity. Examples of financial instruments include cash and cash equivalents, deposits, trade accounts receivable, loans, investments, trade accounts payable, accrued expenses, options and forward contracts. The disclosures below include, among other matters, the nature and terms of derivative transactions, information about significant concentrations of credit risk, and the fair value of financial assets and liabilities.
Foreign Currency Risk
The translation of the balance sheets of our Israeli operations from NIS into U.S. dollars is sensitive to changes in foreign currency exchange rates as are the balance sheets of our Australian operations from Australian dollars into U.S. dollars. These translation gains or losses are recorded either as cumulative translation adjustments (“CTA) within stockholders' equity, or foreign exchange gains or losses in the statement of operations. In 2011 the U.S dollar strengthened in relation to the NIS by 7.7%. In 2011 the Australian dollar was virtually unchanged against the U.S. dollar. To test the sensitivity of these operations to fluctuations in the exchange rate, the hypothetical change in CTA and foreign exchange gains and losses is calculated by multiplying the net assets of these non-U.S. operations by a 10% change in the currency exchange rates.
As of December 31, 2011, a 10% weakening of the U.S. dollar against the NIS and against the Australian dollar would have increased stockholders' equity by approximately $260,000 (arising from a CTA adjustment of approximately $460,000 and net exchange losses of approximately $200,000). These hypothetical changes are based on adjusting the December 31, 2011 exchange rates by 10%.
Our DSIT subsidiary enters into various forward contracts which do not qualify as hedging instruments under accounting principles to try to mitigate its foreign currency exposure risks. At December 31, 2011, DSIT had entered into monthly forward contracts (through July 2012) to purchase U.S. dollars (ranging from $300,000 to $315,000 per month at exchange rates ranging from 3.74 to 3.81) in order to mitigate risk to its NIS denominated expenses.
GridSense does not employ specific strategies, such as the use of derivative instruments or hedging, to manage its foreign currency exchange rate exposures.

Fair Value of Financial Instruments
Fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are estimated to approximate their book values due to the short maturity of such investments. Fair value for long-term debt and long-term deposits are estimated based on the current rates offered to us for debt and deposits with similar terms and remaining maturities. The fair value of our long-term debt and non-current restricted deposits are not materially different from their book values.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments, which potentially subject us to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, short-term deposits, escrowed funds, restricted deposits and trade receivables.  The counterparty to a large majority of our cash and cash equivalents ($26.5 million) is a money market of a major financial institution. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by this counterparty.   The counterparty to our restricted deposits ($2.5 million) are two major Israeli banks. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by these counterparties.  Short-term deposits ($18.0 million) are in FDIC insured certificates of deposit through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service.  The Company does not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by the counterparties. The counterparty to our escrowed funds is a major financial institution. We do not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by this counterparty.Approximately 32% ($1.6 million) of the trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2011 was due from two customers that pay their trade receivables over usual credit periods.  Credit risk with respect to the balance of trade receivables is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising our customer base. Approximately 71% of the balance in unbilled revenue at December 31, 2011 was due from two customers that when billed, pay their trade receivables over usual credit periods.  Credit risk with respect to the balance of unbilled revenue is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising our customer base.

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Interest Rate Risk
In the normal course of business, we are exposed to fluctuations in interest rates on our lines-of-credit ($1.0 million available) and long-term debt incurred ($0.3 million balance at December 31, 2011) to finance our operations in Israel. Such lines-of-credit and loan bear interest at interest rates that are linked to the Israeli prime rate (4.25% at December 31, 2011 and 3.5% at December 31, 2010). 

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ITEM 8.
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
 
Furnished at the end of this report commencing on page F-1.
 

52

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ITEM 9.
CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
 
None.
 

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ITEM 9A.
CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
 
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
 
Our management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the design and operation of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Act”) as of the end of the period covered by this annual report on Form 10-K.  Based on this evaluation, our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that these disclosure controls and procedures were effective as of such date, at a reasonable level of assurance, in ensuring that the information required to be disclosed by our company in the reports we file or submit under the Act is (i) accumulated and communicated to our management (including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer) in a timely manner, and (ii) recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms.
 
Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
Management is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f).  Under the supervision and with the participation of our management, including our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria in Internal Control – Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.   Based on our evaluation, management has concluded that our internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2011.  Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements.  Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risks that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.  The effectiveness of our internal controls over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011, has been audited by Friedman LLP, our independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their attestation report contained in their report, which is included herein.
 
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
 
There was no change in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) during our last fiscal quarter that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
 

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ITEM 9B.
OTHER INFORMATION
 
None.


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PART III
 
ITEM 10.
DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
 
Directors and Executive Officers
 
Set forth below is certain information concerning the directors and certain officers of the Company:
 
Name
 
Age
 
Position
John A. Moore
 
46
 
Director, Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer
George Morgenstern
 
78
 
Founder, Chairman Emeritus; Chairman of the Board of our DSIT Solutions Ltd. subsidiary (“DSIT”)
Samuel M. Zentman
 
67
 
Director and member of our Audit Committee
Richard J. Giacco
 
59
 
Director and member of our Audit Committee
Richard Rimer
 
46
 
Director and Vice Chairman of the Board
Joe Musanti
 
54
 
Director and Chairman of our Audit Committee
Christopher E. Clouser
 
59
 
Director
Benny Sela
 
64
 
Chief Executive Officer and President of DSIT
Lindon Shiao
 
37
 
Chief Executive Officer and President of GridSense
Jim Andersen
 
55
 
Chief Executive Officer and President of USSI
Deena Redding
 
43
 
Chief Executive Officer and President of OmniMetrix
Michael Barth
 
51
 
Chief Financial Officer of the Company and DSIT
Heather K. Mallard
 
48
 
Vice President, General Counsel & Secretary
 
John A. Moore has been a director and President and Chief Executive Officer of our Company since March 2006. Mr. Moore was elected Chairman of the Board on March 25, 2009. Mr. Moore also served as a director of Comverge from March 2006 through January 2008.  Mr. Moore is the President and founder of Edson Moore Healthcare Ventures, which he founded to acquire $150 million of drug delivery assets from Elan Pharmaceuticals in 2002.  Mr. Moore was Chairman and EVP of ImaRx Therapeutics, a drug and medical therapy development company, from February 2004 to February 2006 and Chairman of Elite Pharmaceuticals from February 2003 to October 2004.  He is currently a member of the Board of Directors of Voltaix, Inc., a leading provider of specialty gases to the solar and semiconductor industries.  He was CEO of Optimer, Inc. (a research based polymer development company) from inception in 1994 until 2002 and Chairman from inception until its sale in February 2008 to Sterling Capital.  Mr. Moore serves as a director on the board of directors for each of our subsidiaries.

Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Mr. Moore brings his strategic vision for our Company to the Board together with his leadership and business, deal making and investor relations skills. Mr. Moore has an immense knowledge of our Company and the energy technology industry which is beneficial to the Board. Mr. Moore’s service as Chairman and CEO of the Company bridges a critical gap between the Company’s management and the Board, enabling the Board to benefit from management’s perspective on the Company’s business while the Board performs its oversight function.
 
George Morgenstern , founder of the Company, has been a director since 1986. Mr. Morgenstern served as Chairman of the Board from June 1993 through March 2009 and has served as Chairman Emeritus since March 2009.  Mr. Morgenstern served as our President and Chief Executive Officer from our incorporation in 1986 until March 2006.  Mr. Morgenstern also serves as Chairman of the Board of DSIT.  Mr. Morgenstern served as a member of the Board of Directors of Comverge from October 1997 to March 2006 and as Chairman until April 2003.
 
Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Mr. Morgenstern, as founder of the Company, brings a unique perspective to the Board. Mr. Morgenstern has over 50 years of experience in all aspects of the computer software and systems industry and has special knowledge of the business environment in Israel. Mr. Morgenstern is an accomplished businessman experienced in fostering growth of developing companies. Mr. Morgenstern’s deep knowledge of our Company and his leadership and management experience are valuable resources to the Company. Mr. Morgenstern serves as Chairman of the Board of DSIT, and has a strong understanding of DSIT’s business and industry segment.
 
Samuel M. Zentman has been one of our directors since November 2004.  From 1980 until 2006, Dr. Zentman was the

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president and chief executive officer of a privately-held textile firm, where he also served as vice president of finance and administration from 1978 to 1980.  From 1973 to 1978, Dr. Zentman served in various capacities at American Motors Corporation. He holds a Ph.D. in Complex Analysis. Dr. Zentman serves on the boards of Powersafe Technology Corp. as well as several national charitable organizations devoted to advancing the quality of education.
 
Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Dr. Zentman’s long-time experience as a businessman trained together with his experience with computer systems and software enables him to bring valuable insights to the Board. Dr. Zentman has a broad, fundamental understanding of the business drivers affecting our Company, in particular our DSIT subsidiary. Dr. Zentman also brings leadership and oversight experience to the Board.
 
Richard J. Giacco was elected to the Board in September 2006.  Mr. Giacco has been President of Empower Materials, Inc., a manufacturer of carbon dioxide based thermoplastics, since January 1999.  Mr. Giacco was the Managing Member of Ajedium Film Group, LLC, a manufacturer of thermoplastic films from its inception until its sale in 2008.  Mr. Giacco served as Associate General Counsel of Safeguard Scientifics, Inc. from 1984 to 1990.
 
Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Mr. Giacco brings strong operational and strategic background and valuable business, leadership and management experience to our Company. Mr. Giacco’s experience helping to lead the growth and ultimate sale of a family business provides strategic vision and insights as the Company implements its growth strategies. Mr. Giacco also brings legal experience to the Board.
 
Richard Rimer was elected to the Board in September 2006 and was appointed Vice-Chairman of the Board effective January 1, 2012. Mr. Rimer is a principal of Top Quartile Partners, an investment fund and is a consultant to Acorn.  From 2001 to 2006, Mr. Rimer was a Partner at Index Ventures, a private investment company.  He formerly served on the boards of Direct Medica, a provider of marketing services to pharmaceutical companies, and Addex Pharmaceuticals, a pharmaceutical research and development company.  Prior to joining Index Ventures, Mr. Rimer was the co-founder of MediService, the leading direct service pharmacy in Switzerland and had served as a consultant with McKinsey & Co.

Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Mr. Rimer brings to the Board broad business experience, and a deep understanding of capital markets. As a successful entrepreneur, Mr. Rimer founded a company in Holland which he successfully sold and went on to found MediService – one of Europe’s leading mail service pharmacies (sold to Galenica GALN-SW). While at Index Ventures, Mr. Rimer led work on multiple deals including sourcing, due diligence, deal structuring and negotiation, monitored growth of portfolio companies, syndicated subsequent financings, supported exit negotiations as well as helped with key recruits.  These experiences enable Mr. Rimer to bring valuable resources to the Company in addition to Mr. Rimer’s leadership, analytical skills and broad familiarity with international and cross-border transactions.

Joe Musanti was elected to the Board in September 2007.  Mr. Musanti currently serves as General Manager/CFO of Main Tape a leading manufacturer of surface protection film and paper products, based in Cranbury, New Jersey. Prior to the acquisition of Film Tech Inc. and their merger into Main Tape in 2010 Mr. Musanti served as President of Main Tape Inc.  From 2003 to 2006, prior to becoming President, Mr. Musanti served as Vice President Finance of Main Tape.  Prior to that, Mr. Musanti was Vice President Finance of Rheometric Scientific, Inc., a manufacturer of thermal analytical instrumentation products where he held significant domestic and foreign, operational, managerial, financial and accounting positions.
 
Key Attributes, Experience and Skills.  Mr. Musanti’s training and extensive experience in financial management at both public and private companies provide the Board with valuable insights and skills necessary to lead the Audit Committee. Mr. Musanti’s  strong operational and business background complement his accounting and finance experience, and are valuable resources to the Board as it exercises its oversight duties and support of the Company’s growth strategies.
 
Christopher E. Clouser was appointed to the Board on November 16, 2011.  Mr. Clouser has held senior level positions including: President of Burger King Brands; President and CEO of Preview Travel/Travelocity; CEO of the Minnesota Twins Major League Baseball Club; Senior Vice President & Chief Communications Officer of Northwest Airlines; Corporate Vice President of Public Affairs and Communications of Hallmark Cards; and Senior Vice President and Chief Administrative Officer of Sprint. In addition, he has served on the corporate Boards of Directors of Piper Jaffray Inc., Gibson Guitar/Baldwin Corp., Mall of America, Pepsi Americas, Marquette Bancshares, Delta Beverage and Mesaba Aviation. He also serves as Chairman of the International Tennis Hall of Fame and Museum in Newport, Rhode Island. Prior to his current positions, he was President of the Association of Tennis Professions (ATP), where he also served as Chairman of ATP Properties and Chair of the ATP Foundation.

Key Attributes, Experience and Skills. Mr. Clouser brings to Acorn a wealth of operational and managerial experience culled from decades of service in key roles at major corporations. He has particular skills in marketing and business development, which will enable the Board to better position our companies for customer growth.

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Benny Sela serves as the CEO of DSIT, a position he has held since July 2007.  Previously, he held the position of Executive Vice President and head of the company’s Real Time Division since 1996.  Mr. Sela joined DSIT in February 1989.  Prior to that, Mr. Sela served in the Israeli Air Force reaching the position of Lt. Colonel (Ret.).  During his service in the Israeli Air Force, Mr. Sela was head of the Electronic Warfare branch, working on both the F-16 and Lavi projects.  He holds a B.Sc. in Electrical Engineering, a Masters Degree in Operations Research from Stanford University, and an MBA.

Lindon Shiao serves as CEO and President of GridSense, a position he has held since 2006. Mr. Shiao was a co-founder and principal of Prime Powered Holdings LLC and a main shareholder of Prime Energy Partners Ltd. As an integral member of a team from AES-New Energy, Mr. Shiao co-led the spin-off and growth management of Catalyst PowerPartners LLC as a principal and key member of the operating team. Prior to Catalyst Power, Mr. Shiao led M&A teams at Arthur Andersen supporting buy-side transactions across different industries, including manufacturing, consumer marketing & distribution, healthcare services, and real estate. Mr. Shiao earned a B.S. from the Haas Business School at the University of California at Berkeley, and is a C.P.A.
 
Jim Andersen serves as CEO and President of USSI, positions that he has held since he founded USSI in October 2007. Mr. Andersen began his career as an Engineering Officer on US Navy Nuclear Submarines, and upon leaving the Navy, went on to hold a variety of technical and senior management positions in high technology companies, including Westinghouse, Whitehall/Hydroscience, Litton Industries and Northrop Grumman.  He was the Business Unit Director for Litton’s Fiber Optic Acoustic Systems, heading the company’s fastest growing business unit from 1995 to 2002.  At Litton, he landed the first major (and still the largest) production contract for fiber optic sensors, a sonar system on the US Navy’s newest Virginia class submarines, valued at over $400 million.  Prior to that, Mr. Andersen held technical and executive positions in companies that developed systems for oil exploration and ocean applications.
 
Deena Redding Deena Redding serves as CEO and President of OmniMetrix, LLC. She began her more than twenty years of management experience responsible for more than a billion dollars of insurance reserves for UPS and Ryder Integrated Logistics. Deena partnered with Remote Business Management, LLC during the pioneer era of Digital Video Recording and led her company to a successful multi-million dollar venture with a publicly traded South Korean satellite technology company. Her accomplishments led her to the appointed position of President of Kyros, LLC, a distributor of high tech video and camera security products, where her role guided another successful acquisition.

Michael Barth has been our Chief Financial Officer and the Chief Financial Officer of DSIT since December 2005.  For the six years prior, he served as Deputy Chief Financial Officer and Controller of DSIT.  Mr. Barth is a Certified Public Accountant in both the U.S. and Israel and has over twenty years of experience in public and private accounting.
 
Heather K. Mallard joined Acorn as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary effective February 1, 2012.  For the twenty three years prior, Ms. Mallard practiced with the law firm Womble Carlyle Sandridge & Rice, LLP, most recently in the firm’s Raleigh, North Carolina office. Ms. Mallard is a seasoned corporate and business lawyer, with a practice that has spanned a variety of industries.


  Audit Committee; Audit Committee Financial Expert
 
The Company has a separately designated standing Audit Committee established and administered in accordance with SEC rules. The three members of the Audit Committee are Joe Musanti, Richard J. Giacco and Samuel M. Zentman.  Richard Rimer resigned from the Audit Committee in December 2011, prior to his appointment as Vice-Chairman of the Board of Acorn. The Board of Directors has determined that each member of the Audit Committee meets the independence criteria prescribed by NASDAQ governing the qualifications of for audit committee members and each Audit Committee member meets NASDAQ’s financial knowledge requirements.  Our Board has determined that Joe Musanti qualifies as an “audit committee financial expert,” as defined in the rules and regulations of the SEC.
 
Compliance with Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934
 
Section 16(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”) requires our executive officers and directors, and persons who own more than 10% of a registered class of our equity securities to file reports of ownership and changes in ownership with the SEC.  These persons are also required by SEC regulation to furnish us with copies of all Section 16(a) forms they file.  Based solely on our review of such forms or written representations from certain reporting persons, we believe that during 2011 our executive officers and directors complied with the filing requirements of Section 16(a) except: Christopher E. Clouser filed a late Form 3 and Form 4, and Benny Sela, Michael Barth and Samuel M. Zentman each filed a late Form 4.


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We have implemented measures to assure timely filing of Section 16(a) reports by our executive officers and directors in the future.
 
Code of Ethics
 
We have adopted a code of ethics that applies to our principal executive officer, principal financial officer, and principal accounting officer or controller, and/or persons performing similar functions. Our code of ethics may be accessed on the Internet at http://www.acornenergy.com/rsc/docs/55.pdf

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ITEM 11.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
 
EXECUTIVE AND DIRECTOR COMPENSATION

Compensation Discussion and Analysis

The following discussion and analysis of compensation arrangements of our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2011 should be read together with the compensation tables and related disclosures set forth below. This discussion contains forward looking statements that are based on our current plans, considerations, expectations and determinations regarding future compensation programs. Actual compensation programs that we adopt may differ materially from currently planned programs as summarized in this discussion.

Compensation determinations . Our executive compensation is administered by the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors (the “Committee”) which was formed in October, 2011. The members of the Committee are Richard Giacco (Chairman) and Joseph Musanti, both of whom are independent in accordance with NASDAQ's requirement for independent Director oversight of executive officer compensation. In fulfilling its role, the Committee (1) reviews periodically and approves the Company's general philosophy concerning executive compensation and the components of the Company's executive compensation program to align them with the Company's compensation philosophy; (2) reviews and approves goals and objectives that it considers relevant to the compensation of the Company's chief executive officer, evaluates his performance and sets the terms of his compensation; and (3) establishes the compensation of each of the Company's other executive officers, as well approves employment agreements, severance agreements and change in control agreements for the Company's chief executive officer and other executive officers. In addition, the Committee periodically evaluates the Company's long-term and short-term incentive plans and employee benefit plans, together with the Company's methodology for awarding equity-based and other incentive compensation to all non-executive employees (including new hires) and other service providers and the levels of such compensation. Prior to the establishment of the Committee, our Board of Directors as whole set compensation policies and made compensation decisions, including the specific compensation levels for each executive officer, and also administered the Company's equity compensation plans and practices. As required by NASDAQ, all action with respect to the compensation of our executive officers was also approved or recommended for approval by a majority of our independent directors.
Compensation objectives and philosophy. Our executive compensation programs are designed to motivate and reward sustainable long-term performance, and a key component of our executive compensation is long-term incentives. This ensures that executive compensation aligns appropriately with long-term stockholder interests and the Company's performance. We continuously evaluate our executive compensation programs and make prudent changes when necessary to ensure alignment with stockholder interests. The Board believes that the objectives of our executive compensation program are appropriate for a company of our size and stage of development and that our compensation policies and practices help meet those objectives. Considering the approval of executive compensation in the stockholder advisory vote at our 2011 annual meeting, the Compensation  Committee has taken a similar approach to compensation decisions and policies as the Board of Directors did previously.

Compensation program. The elements of our compensation program include base salary and performance-based cash bonuses, as well as long-term compensation in the form of stock options. The Board believes that our executive compensation program achieves an appropriate balance between fixed compensation and variable incentive compensation and pays for performance. The Board also believes that the Company's executive compensation program effectively aligns the interests of our executive officers with those of our stockholders by tying a significant portion of their compensation to the Company's performance and by providing a competitive level of compensation needed to recruit, retain and motivate talented executives critical to the Company's long-term success. The costs of our compensation programs are a significant determinant of our competitiveness. Accordingly, we are focused on ensuring that the balance of the various components of our compensation program is optimized to motivate employees to achieve our corporate objectives on a cost-effective basis. Changes in each named executive officer's base compensation for 2011, together with the methodology for determining their respective bonuses, if any, are described below. The Boards of Directors of our subsidiary companies (DSIT, USSI and GridSense) determine the compensation of their own executive officers and other employees; provided that we made a separate bonus award to Mr. Cogdell in 2011 as described below.


John A. Moore.

In October 2010, Mr. Moore agreed to a voluntary reduction of his base compensation from $375,000 per year to $300,000 per year to assist us in managing our cash resources. We restored the amount of Mr. Moore's base salary to $375,000 per annum effective November 1, 2011 in recognition of his efforts to lead us through the successful sale of CoaLogix. We also made a payment to Mr. Moore of a discretionary cash bonus of approximately $422,000.  This bonus was based on Mr. Moore's efforts

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in leading the successful sale of CoaLogix, his voluntary reduction of his salary during the prior twelve month period and in lieu of an award of additional options which the Board of Directors had intended to make to Mr. Moore in connection with the one-year extension of his employment agreement in early 2011. He was also awarded an additional cash bonus of up to $25,000, the amount to be determined and paid when we receive our portion of the escrowed sales proceeds from the sale of CoaLogix (scheduled for release on August 31, 2012).

Michael Barth. Mr. Barth's base compensation for 2011 increased by approximately $7,400 currency due to exchange rates and contractual cost of living adjustments.

William J. McMahon . Mr. McMahon received a $25,000 increase in his base salary for 2011 from $280,000 to $305,000 in recognition of his efforts in connection with expanding the international scope of CoaLogix' operations. He was also entitled under the terms of his employment agreement to receive his full year maximum cash bonus upon the sale of CoaLogix, which was $152,000. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale in August 2011, Mr. McMahon received a payment of $1,462,785 under the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan.

Benny Sela . Mr. Sela's base compensation for 2011 increased by approximately $15,000 due to currency exchange rates and contractual cost of living adjustments. He also received a cash bonus of approximately $67,000 in accordance with the terms of his contract whereby he is entitled to a a bonus payment equal to 1.75% of DSIT's gross profit.

Lindon Shiao . Mr. Shiao received no increase in his base compensation for 2011 and was not entitled to a bonus from us under the terms of his employment through a management company.

Joe B. Cogdell . Mr. Cogdell received a $6,240 increase in his base salary for 2011 from $312,000 to approximately $318,000 representing a 2% as a cost of living adjustment. He was also entitled under the terms of his employment agreement to receive his full year maximum cash bonus upon the sale of CoaLogix, which was approximately $48,000, and was paid an additional discretionary bonus in the amount of $63,000 in recognition of his past efforts for the Company and helping to lead us through the successful sale of CoaLogix. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale in August 2011, Mr. Cogdell received a payment of $445,971 under the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan.


Stockholder input on executive compensation . Stockholders can provide the Company with their views on executive compensation matters at each year's annual meeting through the stockholder advisory vote on executive compensation and during the interval between stockholder advisory votes. The Company welcomes stockholder input on our executive compensation matters, and stockholders are able to reach out directly to our independent directors by emailing to board@acornenergy.com to express their views on executive compensation matters.





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Summary Compensation Table
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Name and Principal Position
 
Year
 
Salary ($)
 
Bonus ($)
 
Option
Awards ($)
 

All Other
Compensation
($)
 
Total ($)
John A. Moore

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     President and CEO
 
2011
 
325,962

 
446,890

 
124,232

(2
)
12,000

(1
)
909,084

 
 
2010
 
364,904

 

 

 

12,000

(1
)
376,904

 
 
2009
 
350,000

 
160,000

 
103,652

(3
)
12,000

(1
)
625,652

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     CFO and CFO of DSIT
 
2011
 
188,529

 

 

 
74,944

(4
)
263,473

 
 
2010
 
181,106

 

 
25,644

(5
)
67,758

(4
)
274,508

 
 
2009
 
162,244

 
75,000

 
48,371

(6
)
58,122

(4
)
343,737

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     CEO and President of CoaLogix and SCR-Tech (7)
 
2011
 
203,334

(8)
152,500

 

 
1,475,385

(9
)
1,831,219

 
 
2010
 
280,000

 
93,500

 

 

13,725

(10
)
387,225

 
 
2009
 
250,000

 
136,880

 
175,574

(11
)
13,200

(10
)
575,654

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


     CEO and President of DSIT
 
2011
 
210,509

 
67,168

 

 
87,657

(4
)
365,334

 
 
2010
 
195,432

 
85,995

 
25,644

(4
)
80,633

(4
)
387,704

 
 
2009
 
167,259

 
70,688

 
18,041

(12
)
66,320

(4
)
322,308

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
     Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Acorn and CoaLogix (13)
 
2011
 
300,553

(14
)
110,472

 

 
458,085

(15
)
869,110

 
 
2010
 
312,000

 
43,000

 

 
18,005

(10
)
373,005

 
 
2009
 
300,000

 
90,380

 
265,357

(16
)
15,941

(10
)
671,678

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
   Chief Executive Officer and President of GridSense
 
2011
 
240,000

 

 

 

 
240,000

 
 
2010
 
153,863

(17
)

 

 
18,253

(18
)
172,116

 

(1)
Consists of automobile expense allowance.
(2)
In 2011, represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 66,666 stock options granted on March 14, 2011 with an exercise price of $3.70.The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 2.0% (ii) an expected term of 4.5 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 61% and (iv) no dividends.
(3)
Represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 75,000 stock options granted on February 20, 2009 with an exercise price of $2.51.The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 1.8% (ii) an expected term of 4.5 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 68% and (iv) no dividends.
(4)
Consists of contributions to severance and pension funds and automobile fringe benefits. Contributions to severance
and pension funds are made on substantially the same basis as those made on behalf of other Israeli executives.
(5)
Represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 10,000 stock options granted on December 27, 2010 with an exercise price of $4.09.The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 2.02% (ii) an expected term of 6.3 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 67% and (iv) no dividends.
(6)
In 2009, represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 35,000 stock options granted on February 20, 2009 with an exercise price of $2.51.The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 1.8% (ii) an expected term of 4.5 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 68% and (iv) no dividends.

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(7)
Served as a named executive officer through August 31, 2011 (the date of the sale of CoaLogix).
(8)
Represents salary for the period January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011 (the date of the sale of CoaLogix).
(9)
Represents 401k contributions for the period January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011 (the date of the sale of CoaLogix) of $12,600, plus a payment under the CoaLogix CAR Plan of $1,462,785.
(10)
Represents 401k contributions.
(11)
Represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 40,513 CoaLogix stock options granted on April 8, 2009 with an exercise price of $7.20. The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 1.8% (ii) an expected term of 6.1 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 65% and (iv) no dividends.
(12)
Represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to 20,000 stock options granted on February 12, 2009 with an exercise price of $2.51 per share. The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 0.95% (ii) an expected term of 1.8 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 68% and (iv) no dividends.
(13)
Served as a named executive officer through December 31, 2011.
(14)
Represents salary ($212,134) for the period January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011 (the date of the sale of CoaLogix) and Acorn's share ($88,419) of salary paid to Mr. Cogdell during the period September 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 under an agreement with CoaLogix.
(15)
Represents 401k contributions ($8,931) for the period January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011 (the date of the sale of CoaLogix)and Acorn's share ($3,183) of 401k paid during the period September 1, 2011 to December 31, 2011 under an agreement with CoaLogix, plus a payment under the CoaLogix CAR Plan of $445,971.
(16)
Represents the grant date fair value calculated in accordance with applicable accounting principles with respect to
120,000 Acorn stock options granted on January 5, 2009 with an exercise price of $1.61 ($243,389) and 5,069
CoaLogix stock options granted on April 8, 2009 with an exercise price of $7.20 ($21,968). The fair value of the
Acorn stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions:
(i) a risk-free interest rate of 2.5% (ii) an expected term of 9.0 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 73% and (iv) no
dividends. The fair value of the CoaLogix stock options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing
model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 2.6% (ii) an expected term of 5.9 years (iii) an
assumed volatility of 56% and (iv) no dividends.
(17)
Represents Mr. Shiao's salary from the period from May 12, 2010 (the date of our acquisition of GridSense) to December 31, 2010.
(18)
Represents a housing allowance of $2,600 Australian dollars per month from the period from May 12, 2010 (the date of our acquisition of GridSense) to December 31, 2010.

Grants of Plan Based Awards

Name
 
Grant Date
 
Number of Shares of Common Stock Underlying Options
 
Exercise Price of Options Awards (Per Share)
 
Grant Date Fair Value of Options Awards
John A. Moore

 
March 14, 2011
 
66,666 (1)
 
$3.70
 
$124,232
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B Cogdell Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 

(1)    One-fourth of the options were immediately vested; the remainder vested in equal installments on June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2011.



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Employment Arrangements
 
The employment arrangements of each named executive officer and certain other officers are described below.
 
John A. Moore became our President and Chief Executive Officer in March 2006. In March, 2008, we entered into a three-year Employment Agreement with Mr. Moore, providing for an initial base salary of $325,000 per annum, retroactive to January 1, 2008, increasing to $350,000 per annum on the first anniversary of the Employment Agreement and increasing to $375,000 per annum on the second anniversary. Effective November 1, 2010, Mr. Moore voluntarily reduced his annual salary to $300,000 per annum. In March 2011, we entered into a one-year extension of the Employment Agreement with Mr. Moore at the reduced salary of $300,000 per annum. In November 2011, we entered into a second amendment to Mr. Moore's Employment Agreement restoring his salary to $375,000 per annum effective November 1, 2011. In March 2012, we amended Mr. Moore's Employment Agreement such that Mr. Moore's employment shall continue until the earlier of any Extension Term End (as defined below) and the date his employment is otherwise terminated according to the provisions of the Agreement. “Extension Term End” means the fourth day of any month if either we or Mr. Moore shall have given the other written notice of termination of the Agreement ten days prior to such date. Mr. Moore is eligible to receive an annual cash bonus of up to $200,000, based upon the attainment of agreed upon personal and company performance goals and milestones for the preceding fiscal year, as determined by the Board. Under the Employment Agreement, Mr. Moore is also entitled to (i) the employee benefits generally made available to the registrant's executive officers, (ii) short-term and long-term disability insurance for the benefit of Mr. Moore, and (iii) a monthly automobile expense allowance of $1,000.

In February 2009, in lieu of a bonus for 2008, Mr. Moore was awarded 75,000 stock options exercisable until February 20, 2014 at an exercise price of $2.51 per share, exercisable immediately as to one-fourth of the options, with the remainder vesting in equal installments on June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2009. Mr. Moore received a bonus of $160,000 for 2009 that was paid in 2010. In March 2011, in lieu of a bonus for 2010, Mr. Moore was awarded 66,666 stock options exercisable until March 14, 2016 at an exercise price of $3.70 per share, exercisable immediately as to one-fourth of the options, with the remainder vesting in equal installments on June 30, September 30 and December 31, 2011.

William J. McMahon served as Chief Executive Officer and President of our CoaLogix subsidiary between November 7, 2007, and August 31, 2011, the date CoaLogix was sold. Under the terms of his employment agreement, in addition to his base salary, Mr. McMahon was eligible to receive an annual bonus with a target payment equal to 50% of his base salary based upon criteria developed by the board of directors of CoaLogix. In April 2009, Mr. McMahon also received options under the CoaLogix Inc. 2008 Stock Option Plan and a 40% participation in the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan. Under the Capital Appreciation Rights Plan, plan participants were entitled to participate in an award pool based upon the sales proceeds (less sales expenses) attributable to a sale or other change of control of CoaLogix which exceeded an internal rate of return of 30% on the Company's initial investment in CoaLogix of $11,038,200 and any additional capital contributed by Acorn to CoaLogix. If such internal rate of return threshold were met, the award pool under the Capital Appreciation Rights Plan would be equal to 5% of the sales proceeds less sales expenses, the CoaLogix' stockholders' initial investment and any additional capital contributed by the stockholders to CoaLogix. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale in August 2011, Mr. McMahon received a payment of $1,462,785 under the Capital Appreciation Rights Plan.

Benny Sela has served as President and Chief Executive Officer of DSIT beginning July 1, 2007.  Mr. Sela’s employment agreement provided for a base salary which is denominated in Israeli Consumer Price Index (“CPI”) linked NIS, currently equivalent to approximately $199,000 per annum.  In addition to his base salary, Mr. Sela is also entitled to receive a bonus payment equal to 1.75% of DSIT’s gross profit.  Mr. Sela’s bonus for 2009 was $70,688 which was paid in 2010. Mr. Sela’s bonus for 2010 was $85,995 which was paid in 2011. Mr. Sela's bonus for 2011 was $67,168.
 
Lindon Shiao has served as CEO and President of GridSense since 2006.  Mr. Shiao’s employment terms are based on a management agreement signed effective October 1, 2002 between a company of which Mr. Shiao is a principal and GridSense.  The agreement has no fixed term and the employment is on an “at-will” basis.  For 2011, Mr. Shiao’s annual salary was $240,000 and is unchanged for 2012.  Mr. Shiao did not receive a bonus for 2011.
 
Jim Andersen has served as CEO and President of USSI since he founded USSI in October 2007.  Mr. Andersen’s employment terms are based on employment agreement signed effective November 1, 2007 between Mr. Andersen and USSI.  The agreement has no fixed term and the employment is on an “at-will” basis.  The agreement does not state any salary or other compensation terms.  For 2011, Mr. Andersen’s salary was approximately $149,000. Mr Andersen's salary for 2012 is $170,000.  Mr. Andersen did not receive a bonus for 2011.

Deena Redding has served as CEO and President of OmniMetrix since 2009, prior to which she was the controller for the period from 2008 to 2009.  She is party to an at-will employment agreement that commenced with our acquisition and has no

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fixed term.  Ms. Redding is entitled to receive a base salary of $200,000 per annum and is eligible to receive up to a 30% bonus based on performance goals established by the OmniMetrix board of managers each year.  She also received a one-time payment of $50,000 in connection with the termination of her prior employment agreement in effect at the time we acquired OmniMetrix.

      Michael Barth has served as Chief Financial Officer of the Company and Chief Financial Officer of DSIT beginning December 1, 2005.  In August 2009, the Board approved new employment terms for Mr. Barth effective August 1, 2009. According to the terms of the new employment terms, Mr. Barth was entitled to a salary increase from $150,000 to $175,000 per annum retroactive to August 1, 2009. One half of Mr. Barth’s salary is fixed in NIS at the November 1, 2007 exchange rate and linked to the Israel CPI and adjusted semi-annually. Mr. Barth’s current annual salary following such linkage adjustments is approximately $187,500. The cost of Mr. Barth's total compensation (excluding bonuses) is shared by an arrangement between Acorn (75%) and DSIT (25%). Each of Acorn and DSIT separately determine any bonus (if any) to be paid to Mr. Barth. Barth's bonus for 2009 was $75,000 (from Acorn) which was paid in 2010. Mr. Barth did not receive any bonus for 2010 or 2011.
 
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr. served as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of each of the Company and CoaLogix between January 2, 2009, and August 31, 2011, when CoaLogix was sold. Under the terms of his employment agreement, in addition to his base salary, he was eligible to receive an annual bonus of up to 30% of his base salary, based upon the attainment of performance goals. Under the employment agreement, in January 2009, Mr. Cogdell was awarded 120,000 options to purchase Acorn common stock at an exercise price of $1.61 per share, vesting as to 30,000 on the first anniversary of the date of grant and as to the remainder in equal quarterly installments over a three year period following the first anniversary of the date of grant, exercisable through January 5, 2019. Mr. Cogdell also received options under the CoaLogix Inc. 2008 Stock Option Plan and a participation in the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale in August 2011, Mr. Cogdell received a payment of $445,971 under the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan. Mr. Cogdell was also entitled to the employee benefits generally made available to other senior executives, officer's liability and legal malpractice insurance, as well as bar and legal association dues and continuing legal education programs.

Heather K. Mallard became Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of the Company commencing February 1, 2012. Under her employment agreement, Ms. Mallard's initial base salary is $225,000 per annum.  The agreement has no fixed term, and the employment is on an “at-will” basis. She is eligible to receive an annual bonus of up to 30% of her base salary, based upon the attainment of performance goals. Ms. Mallard is eligible for relocation reimbursement assistance of up to $20,000.

Under the employment agreement, Ms. Mallard was awarded 50,000 options to purchase Acorn common stock at an exercise price of $6.49 per share, vesting equally over a three year period following the first anniversary of the date of grant, exercisable through February 1, 2019.  





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Outstanding Equity Awards at 2011 Fiscal Year End
 
The following tables set forth all outstanding equity awards made to each of the Named Executive Officers that are outstanding at December 31, 2011.
 
OPTIONS TO PURCHASE ACORN ENERGY, INC. STOCK
Name
 
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable
 
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable
 
Option
Exercise Price
($)
 
Option Expiration Date
John A. Moore
 
187,500
 
12,500 (1)
 
5.11
 
March 4, 2018
 
 
75,000
 
 
2.51
 
February 20, 2014
 
 
66,666
 
 
3.70
 
March 14, 2016
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
30,000
 
 
3.90
 
September 19, 2014
 
 
35,000
 
 
2.51
 
February 20, 2014
 
 
10,000
 
 
4.09
 
December 28, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela
 
10,000
 
 
4.09
 
December 28, 2017
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
 
120,000 (2)
 
 
1.61
 
January 5, 2019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 

(1)
These options vest on March 4, 2012.
(2)
Vesting of all of these options was accelerated in December 2011 in connection with the termination of the transition services agreement between Acorn and CoaLogix.


OPTIONS TO PURCHASE DSIT SOLUTIONS LTD. STOCK
Name
 
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Exercisable
 
Number of Securities Underlying Unexercised Options (#) Unexercisable
 
Option
Exercise Price
($)
 
Option Expiration Date
John A. Moore
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
 
16,774
 
1.05
 
August 10, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela
 
 
47,600
 
1.26
 
August 10, 2018
 
 
 
19,336
 
2.45
 
August 10, 2018
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 

All options to purchase DSIT Solutions Ltd. common stock vest only upon an exit transaction by Acorn.



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Option Exercises

 
 
Acorn Option Awards
 
CoaLogix Option Awards
Name
 
Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)
 
Value Realized on Exercise ($)
 
Number of Shares Acquired on Exercise (#)
 
Value Realized on Exercise ($)
John A. Moore

 
113,636
 
$437,499
 
 
$—
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
19,394
 
93,867
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon
 
 
 
(1)
 
2,302,229
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela
 
20,000
 
24,000
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B Cogdell Jr.
 
 
 
(2)
 
288,001
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 

(1)
In connection with the sale of CoaLogix in August 2011, 170,062 of Mr. McMahon's CoaLogix options were cashed out using the spread between the exercise price of the options and the per share value of the CoaLogix common stock based on the CoaLogix purchase price.
(2)
In connection with the sale of CoaLogix in August 2011, 21,279 of Mr. Cogdell's CoaLogix options were cashed out using the spread between the exercise price of the options and the per share value of the CoaLogix common stock based on the CoaLogix purchase price.



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Non-qualified Deferred Compensation

The following table provides information on the executive non-qualified deferred compensation activity for each of our named executive officers for the year ended December 31, 2011.

Named Executive Officer
 
Executive Contributions in Last Fiscal Year ($)
 
Registrant Contributions in Last Fiscal Year ($)
 
Aggregate Earnings (Losses) in Last Fiscal Year ($)
 
Aggregate Withdrawals/Distributions ($)
 
Aggregate Balance at Last Fiscal Year End ($)
 
John A. Moore

 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
$—
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Michael Barth
 
 
19,076
(1)
(10,719)
(2)
 
240,127
(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
William J. McMahon
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Benny Sela
 
 
26,692
(1)
(33,971)
(2)
 
733,393
(3)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Joe B Cogdell Jr.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Lindon Shiao
 
 
 
 
 
 

(1)
Represents a contribution to a manager's insurance policy. Such amount is included in the "All Other Compensation" column of the Summary Compensation Table.
(2)
Represents the dollar value by which the aggregate balance of the manager's insurance policy as of December 31, 2011 is less than the sum of (i)the balance of the manager's insurance policy as of December 31, 2010, and (ii) the employer and employee contributions to the manager's insurance policy during 2011.
(3)
Represents the aggregate balance of the manager's insurance policy as of December 31, 2011.

Estimated Payments and Benefits Upon Termination or Change in Control
 
The amount of compensation and benefits payable to each named executive officer and certain other officers in various termination situations is described in the tables below.
 
John A. Moore
 
Under the terms of the employment agreement with Mr. Moore, our President and Chief Executive Officer, upon termination by the Company for cause (as defined in the agreement) and upon termination by Mr. Moore without good reason (as defined in the agreement), all compensation due to Mr. Moore under his agreement would cease, except that Mr. Moore would receive all accrued but unpaid base salary up to the date of termination, and reimbursement of all previously unreimbursed expenses.  All vested and unexercised options granted by the Company as of the date of termination would be exercisable in accordance with the terms of the applicable stock option plan and agreements, provided that Mr. Moore would have only three months to exercise such previously vested options.  All options that had not vested as of the date of termination would expire.

In the event that within three months prior to or one year following a change of control (as defined in the agreement), either (i) the Company terminates the employment of Mr. Moore, other than for cause, or (ii) Mr. Moore terminates for good reason, Mr. Moore would receive the following (except to the extent that any payment would constitute an “excess parachute payment” under the IRS Code): (i) an amount equal to (A) 24 months of then-current base salary and (B) two times his most recent annual bonus; (ii) reimbursement of all previously unreimbursed expenses; (iii) the full vesting of any and all stock options granted to Mr. Moore by the Company prior to such termination, and extended exercisability thereof until their respective expiration dates; and (iv) the continuation of all medical and dental benefits at the Company’s sole expense for a period of one year after termination.

In the event that (i) the Company terminates the employment of Mr. Moore (including a non-renewal of his agreement at the end of the three-year term provided therein, but not including non-renewal following any subsequent renewal of the term), other than upon a change of control, death, disability or for cause, or (ii) Mr. Moore terminates for good reason, other than in connection with a change of control, Mr. Moore shall receive the following (except to the extent that any payment would constitute

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an “excess parachute payment” under the IRS Code): (i) an amount equal to (A) 12 months of then-current base salary and (B) his most recent annual bonus; (ii) reimbursement of all previously unreimbursed expenses; (iii) accelerated vesting of all unvested options that otherwise would have vested within 24 months of the date of termination, with such accelerated options and all other vested and unexercised options granted by the Company as of the date of termination to be exercisable for a period of one year from the date of termination of employment in accordance with the terms of the applicable stock option plan and agreements; and (iv) the continuation of all medical and dental benefits at the Company’s sole expense for a period of one year after termination.

In the event of any change of control, all stock options granted to Mr. Moore prior to such change of control vest and remain exercisable until their respective expiration dates.

The term of Mr. Moore’s agreement would end immediately upon his death, or upon termination by the Company for cause or disability (as defined in the agreement) or by Mr. Moore for good reason.  Upon termination due to Mr. Moore’s death, all compensation due Mr. Moore under his agreement would cease.

The following table describes the potential payments and benefits upon termination of employment for Mr. Moore, as if his employment terminated as of December 31, 2011, the last day of our last fiscal year.

 
 
Circumstances of Termination
Payments and benefits
 
Voluntary resignation
 
Termination not for cause
 
Change of control
 
Death or disability
Compensation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base salary
 
$

(1)
$
375,000

(2)
$
750,000

(5)
$

Bonus
 

 

(3)

(3)

Benefits and perquisites:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Perquisites and other personal benefits
 

 
9,012

(4)
9,012

(4)

Total
 

 
$
384,012

 
$
759,012

 

 

(1)
Assumes that there is no earned but unpaid base salary at the time of termination.
(2)
The $375,000 represents 12 months of Mr. Moore’s base salary.
(3)
No amounts are included for target bonus as there were no defined targets for a bonus in 2011.
(4)
The $9,012 represents 12 months of health insurance payments.
(5)
The $750,000 represents 24 months of Mr. Moore’s base salary.


Michael Barth
 
Under the terms of the employment arrangement with Mr. Barth, our Chief Financial Officer, we are obligated to make certain payments to fund in part our severance obligations to him.  We would be required to pay Mr. Barth an amount equal to 120% of his last month’s salary multiplied by the number of years (including partial years) that Mr. Barth worked for us.  This severance obligation, which is customary for executives of Israeli companies, would be reduced by the amount contributed by us to certain Israeli pension and severance funds pursuant to Mr. Barth’s employment arrangement.  As of December 31, 2011, the unfunded portion of these payments was $126,992.  In addition, the arrangement with Mr. Barth provides for an additional payment equal to six times his last month’s total compensation, payable at the end of his employment with us. 

The following table describes the potential payments and benefits upon termination of employment for Mr. Barth, as if his employment terminated as of December 31, 2011, the last day of our last fiscal year.
 

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Circumstances of Termination
 
Payments and benefits
 
Voluntary resignation
 
Termination not for cause
 
Change of control
 
Death or disability
 
Compensation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base salary
 
$
30,452

(1)
$
91,355

(2)

 
$
91,355

(2)
Benefits and perquisites:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Perquisites and other personal benefits
 
83,250

(3)
227,519

(4)

 
227,519

(4)
Total
 
$
113,702

 
$
318,874

 

 
$
318,874

 
 

(1)
Assumes that there is no earned but unpaid base salary at the time of termination.  The $30,452 represents a lump sum payment of two months’ salary due to Mr. Barth.
(2)
Assumes that there is no earned but unpaid base salary at the time of termination.  The $91,355 represents a lump sum payment of 6 months’ salary due to Mr. Barth upon termination without cause or by death or disability.
(3)
Includes $94,463 of severance pay based on the amounts funded in for Mr. Barth’s severance in accordance with Israeli labor law.  Also includes accumulated, but unpaid vacation days ($28,149), car benefits ($2,000) and payments for pension and education funds ($6,638) less $48,000 of benefits waived in support of DSIT’s operations in 2007.
(4)
Includes $221,455 of severance pay based in accordance with Israeli labor law calculated based on his last month’s salary multiplied by the number of years (including partial years) that Mr. Barth worked for us multiplied by 120% in accordance with his contract.  Of the $221,455 due Mr. Barth, we have funded $94,463 in an insurance fund.  Also includes accumulated, but unpaid vacation days ($28,149), car benefits ($6,000) and payments for pension and education funds ($19,915) less $48,000 of benefits waived in support of DSIT’s operations in 2007.


William J. McMahon

No termination payments were made to Mr. McMahon following the sale of CoaLogix by Acorn in August 2011. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale, Mr. McMahon received a payment of $1,462,785 under the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan.

Benny Sela
 
Under the terms of the employment agreement with Mr. Sela, the President and Chief Executive Officer of our DSIT subsidiary, we are obligated to make certain payments to fund in part our severance obligations to him.  We are required to pay Mr. Sela an amount equal to 150% of his last month’s salary multiplied by the number of years (including partial years) that Mr. Sela has worked for us.  This severance obligation would be reduced by the amount contributed by us to certain Israeli pension and severance funds pursuant to Mr. Sela’s employment agreement.  As of December 31, 2011, the unfunded portion of these payments was $200,202.  Mr. Sela would also receive a lump sum payment equal to six months base salary in the event of a voluntary resignation, and a lump sum payment equal to nine months salary in the event of termination not for cause.
 
The following table describes the potential payments and benefits upon termination of employment for Mr. Sela, as if his employment terminated as of December 31, 2011, the last day of our last fiscal year.
 
 
 
Circumstances of Termination
 
Payments and benefits
 
Voluntary resignation
 
Termination not for cause
 
Change of control
 
Death or disability
 
Compensation:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Base salary
 
$
99,395

(1)
$
149,092

(2)

 
$
149,092

(2)
Benefits and perquisites:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
Perquisites and other personal benefits
 
559,205

(3)
572,784

(4)

 
572,784

(4)
Total
 
$
658,600

 
$
721,876

 

 
$
721,876

 
 

(1)
Assumes that there is no earned but unpaid base salary at the time of termination.  The $99,395 represents a lump sum payment of six months’ salary due to Mr. Sela.

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(2)
Assumes that there is no earned but unpaid base salary at the time of termination.  The $149,092 represents a lump sum payment of nine months’ salary due to Mr. Sela.
(3)
Includes $569,751 of severance pay based in accordance with Israeli labor law calculated based on his last month’s salary multiplied by the number of years (including partial years) that Mr. Sela worked for us multiplied by 150% in accordance with his contract.  Of the $569,751 due Mr. Sela, we have funded $369,548 in an insurance fund.  Also includes accumulated, but unpaid vacation days ($40,294), car benefits ($6,000) and payments for pension and education funds ($21,160) less $78,000 of benefits waived in support of DSIT’s operations in 2007.
(4)
Includes $569,751 of severance pay based in accordance with Israeli labor law calculated based on his last month’s salary multiplied by the number of years (including partial years) that Mr. Sela worked for us multiplied by 150% in accordance with his contract.  Of the $569,751 due Mr. Sela, we have funded $369,548 in an insurance fund.  Also includes accumulated, but unpaid vacation days ($40,294), car benefits ($9,000) and payments for pension and education funds ($31,739) less $78,000 of benefits waived in support of DSIT’s operations in 2007.

Lindon Shiao
 
Under the terms of the employment agreement with Mr. Shiao, there are no amounts due under any termination scenario.

  Jim Andersen
 
Under the terms of the employment agreement with Mr. Andersen, there are no amounts due under any termination scenario.

  Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
 
Under the terms of the transition services agreement between the Company and CoaLogix relating to Mr. Cogdell's service to the Company following the sale of CoaLogix, there were no amounts due under any termination scenario. In connection with the closing of the CoaLogix sale in August 2011, Mr. Cogdell received a payment of $445,971 under the CoaLogix Capital Appreciation Rights Plan.


Compensation of Directors
 
In October 2007, we agreed that each of our non-employee directors would be paid an annual cash retainer of $40,000 payable quarterly in advance, as well as meeting fees for Board and Committee meetings of $1,000 per meeting. In 2009, we agreed that certain directors would receive an additional annual cash retainer; $12,000 for the lead director for CoaLogix matters (in an effort to conserve corporate cash, the lead director for CoaLogix matters voluntarily reduced the payment to $1,000 per CoaLogix board meeting, which payments ceased following the CoaLogix sale in August 2011) and $10,000 for the Chairman of the Audit Committee. As an employee, Mr. Moore is not entitled to separate compensation in his capacity as a director.
 
Our 2006 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors, which was adopted in February 2007 and amended and restated in November 2008, provides for formula grants to non-employee directors equal to an option to purchase (i) 25,000 shares of our common stock upon a member’s initial appointment or election to the Board of Directors and (ii) 10,000 shares of our common stock to each director, other than newly appointed or elected directors, immediately following each annual meeting of stockholders.  The initial grant to purchase 25,000 shares of our common stock vests one-third per year for each of the three years following the date of appointment or election and the annual grant to purchase 10,000 shares vests one year from the date of grant.  Both options shall be granted at an exercise price equal to the closing price on NASDAQ on the day preceding the date of grant and shall be exercisable until the earlier of (a) seven years from the date of grant or (b) 18 months from the date that the director ceases to be a director, officer, employee, or consultant.  The plan also provides for non-formula grants at the Board’s discretion.  The maximum number of shares of our common stock to be issued under the plan is 400,000.  The Plan is administered by the Board of Directors.
 
Consulting Agreement with Mr. Morgenstern
 
Mr. Morgenstern, our Chairman Emeritus, has been retained as a consultant by Acorn since March 2006 primarily to provide oversight of our Israeli activities.  Mr. Morgenstern’s consulting agreement provides for the payment of an annual consulting fee of $1.00 and a non-accountable expense allowance of $56,250 per year. The Company anticipates the arrangement will be extended by the Board of Directors on the same terms on a month to month basis following its scheduled termination at the end of March.


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Consulting Agreement with Mr. Rimer
 
We entered into a Consulting Agreement effective January 1, 2012 with Richard Rimer pursuant to which Mr. Rimer will work with our operating companies in developing and monitoring their business plans, provide investor relations services in Europe and help identify acquisition and partnership opportunities. The agreement is for a term of six months ending June 30, 2012, and provides that our Board of Directors will determine whether to renew the agreement for an additional period of six months upon expiration.  Either party may, however, terminate the agreement at any time without penalty.  Mr. Rimer will receive total compensation of $125,000 for the six-month period assuming no early termination, payable in two installments.  He also is entitled to be reimbursed certain expenses in connection with the performance of his services, subject to prior approval by our Chief Executive Officer in the case of travel and entertainment costs. During the period of this Consulting Agreement, Mr. Rimer continues to receive regular director compensation retainer and meeting fees as noted above.


The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation earned for service on our Board of Directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011 by each individual (other than Mr. Moore who is not separately compensated for Board service) who served as a director at any time during the fiscal year.
 


DIRECTOR COMPENSATION IN 2011

Name
 
Fees Earned or Paid in Cash ($)
 
Option Awards ($) (1)
 
All Other Compensation ($)
 
Total ($)
Joe Musanti
 
53,000

(2)
25,213

 

 
78,213

George Morgenstern
 
43,000

 
25,213

 
60,942

(3)
129,155

Samuel M. Zentman
 
43,000

 
25,213

 

 
68,213

Richard J. Giacco
 
42,000

 
25,213

 

 
67,213

Richard Rimer
 
43,000

 
25,213

 

 
68,213

Steven Ledger (4)
 
20,000

 

 

 
20,000

Christopher E. Clouser (5)
 
5,000

 
56,886

 

 
61,886

 

(1)
On October 17, 2011, Joe Musanti, George Morgenstern, Samuel M. Zentman, Richard J. Giacco and Richard Rimer were each granted 10,000 options to acquire stock in the Company. The options have an exercise price of $5.37 and expire on October 17, 2018. The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 1.65% (ii) an expected term of 6.3 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 62% and (iv) an annual rate of quarterly dividends of 2.61%.  On November 16, 2011, Christopher E. Clouser was granted 25,000 options to acquire stock in the Company. The options have an exercise price of $4.96 and expire on November 16, 2018. The fair value of the options was determined using the Black-Scholes option pricing model using the following assumptions: (i) a risk-free interest rate of 1.44% (ii) an expected term of 6.3 years (iii) an assumed volatility of 62% and (iv) an annual rate of quarterly dividends of 2.82%.   All options awarded to directors in 2011 remained outstanding at fiscal year-end. As of December 31, 2011, the number of stock options held by each of the above persons was: Joe Musanti, 65,000; George Morgenstern, 257,500; Samuel M. Zentman, 72,500; Richard Giacco, 75,000; Richard Rimer, 125,000; Steven Ledger, 25,000; and Christopher E. Clouser, 25,000.
(2)
Includes $10,000 Mr. Musanti received for services rendered as the Chairman of the Audit Committee.
(3)
Mr. Morgenstern received a non-accountable expense allowance of $60,942 to cover travel and other expenses pursuant to a consulting agreement.
(4)
Mr. Ledger resigned from his position on the Board on May 2, 2011.
(5)
Mr. Clouser was appointed to be a Director on November 16, 2011.




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Compensation Committee Interlocks and Insider Participation

All members of the Compensation Committee of the Board of Directors during the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, and all members of the Board who approved, or recommended for approval, all action with respect to the compensation of our executive officers prior to the formation of the Compensation Committee in October 2011, were independent directors and none of them were our employees or our former employees. During the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, none of our executive officers served on the Compensation Committee (or equivalent), or the board of directors, of another entity whose executive officers served on the Compensation Committee of our Board of Directors.


Compensation Committee Report

The Compensation Committee has reviewed and discussed the Compensation Discussion and Analysis required by Item 402(b) of Regulation S-K with management. Based on such review and discussions, the Compensation Committee recommended to the Board of Directors that the Compensation Discussion and Analysis be included in this annual report on Form 10-K.
Richard Giacco
Joseph Musanti


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ITEM 12.
SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
 
The following table and the notes thereto set forth information, as of March 1, 2012 (except as otherwise set forth herein), concerning beneficial ownership (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) of common stock by (i) each director of the Company, (ii) each executive officer (iii) all executive officers and directors as a group, and (iv) each holder of 5% or more of the Company’s outstanding shares of common stock.
 
Name and Address of Beneficial Owner (1) (2)
 
Number of Shares of common stock Beneficially Owned (2)
 
Percentage of common stock Outstanding (2)
George Morgenstern
 
358,861

(3)
2.0%
John A. Moore
 
1,193,578

(4)
6.6%
Richard J. Giacco
 
96,000

(5)
*
Joseph Musanti
 
61,200

(6)
*
Richard Rimer
 
155,000

(7)
*
Samuel M. Zentman
 
113,370

(8)
*
Christopher E. Clouser
 
19,452

(9)
*
Michael Barth
 
107,183

(10)
*
Heather K. Mallard
 

 
Benny Sela
 
10,000

(11)
*
Lindon Shiao
 
5,684

(12)
*
Deena Redding
 

 
Jim Andersen
 

(13)
All executive officers and directors of the Company as a group (13 people)
 
2,120,328

(14)
11.3%
Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC
 
2,455,000

(15)
13.8%
Verition Fund Management LLC
 
888,541

(16)
5.0%

* Less than 1%
 
(1)
Unless otherwise indicated, the address for each of the beneficial owners listed in the table is in care of the Company, 4 West Rockland Road, Montchanin, Delaware 19710.
(2)
Unless otherwise indicated, each person has sole investment and voting power with respect to the shares indicated.  For purposes of this table, a person or group of persons is deemed to have “beneficial ownership” of any shares as of a given date which such person has the right to acquire within 60 days after such date.  Percentage information is based on the 17,743,772 shares outstanding as of March 1, 2012 (exclusive of 801,920 treasury shares outstanding).
(3)
Consists of 61,922 shares, 247,500 shares underlying currently exercisable options, and 49,439 shares owned by Mr. Morgenstern’s wife.
(4)
Consists of 851,912 shares (2,800 of which are held in an IRA account) and 329,166 shares underlying currently exercisable options.
(5)
Consists of 31,000 shares and 65,000 shares underlying currently exercisable options.
(6)
Consists of 6,200 shares and 55,000 shares underlying currently exercisable options.
(7)
Consists of 40,000 shares and 115,000 shares underlying currently exercisable options.
(8)
Consists of 50,870 shares and 62,500 shares underlying currently exercisable options.
(9)
Consists solely of shares.
(10)
Consists of 32,183 shares and 75,000 shares underlying currently exercisable options. Mr. Barth also owns 56,900 shares of DSIT representing approximately 4.0% of the DSIT’s outstanding shares.
(11)
Consists of 10,000 shares underlying currently exercisable options. Mr. Sela also owns 92,500 shares of DSIT representing approximately 6.5% of the DSIT’s outstanding shares.
(12)
Consists solely of shares.
(13)
Mr. Andersen does not own any shares of Acorn stock nor does he have any options to purchase Acorn stock.  Mr. Andersen owns 370,000 shares of USSI, representing approximately 7.7% of the USSI’s outstanding shares as of March 1, 2012.
(14)
Consists of 1,148,662 shares and 959,166 shares underlying currently exercisable options.

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(15)
The information presented with respect to this beneficial owner is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on February 10, 2012.  The business address for Columbia Wanger Asset Management, LLC is 227 West Monroe Street, Suite 3000, Chicago, IL 60606.
(16)
The information presented with respect to this beneficial owner is based on a Schedule 13G filed with the SEC on January
6, 2012. The business address for Verition Fund Management LLC is One American Lance, Greenwich CT 06831.


EQUITY COMPENSATION PLAN INFORMATION
 
The table below provides certain information concerning our equity compensation plans as of December 31, 2011.
 
Plan Category
 
Number of Securities to be Issued Upon Exercise of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights (a)
 
Weighted-average Exercise Price of Outstanding Options, Warrants and Rights
 
Number of Securities Remaining Available for Future Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans (Excluding Securities Reflected in Column (a))
Equity Compensation Plans Approved by Security Holders
 
602,386

 
$
4.10

 
1,193,115

Equity Compensation Plans Not Approved by Security Holders
 
545,833

 
$
4.24

 

Total
 
1,148,219

 
$
4.17

 
1,193,115


The grants made under our equity compensation plans not approved by security holders were made under non-plan option agreements and under our 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and 2006 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors during the period from the adoption of such plans in January 2007 and the date of the approval of such plans by shareholders in November 2008. These grants were made to directors, officers, employees and consultants at exercise prices equal to the fair market value on the date of the grant. The options generally vest over a three year period and expire five to ten years from the date of the grant.
 

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ITEM 13.
CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS, RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE

Transactions With Related Persons
 
We paid approximately $309,000, $393,000 and $275,000 in the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009, respectively, for legal services rendered and reimbursement of out-of-pocket expenses to Eilenberg & Krause LLP, a law firm in which Sheldon Krause, our Assistant Secretary and former General Counsel, is a member.  Such fees related to services rendered by Mr. Krause and other members and employees of his firm.  Mr. Krause is the son-in-law of George Morgenstern, a director and our Chairman Emeritus, who up until March 2006, also served as our President and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Krause continues to provide legal services to us in 2012.
 
In November 2010, the CEO of GridSense lent GridSense $50,000. In 2010, $12,000 of the loan was repaid with the balance being repaid in 2011. The loan from the CEO of GridSense bore no interest.
 
We entered into a Consulting Agreement effective January 1, 2012 with Richard Rimer pursuant to which Mr. Rimer will work with our operating companies in developing and monitoring their business plans, provide investor relations services in Europe and help identify acquisition and partnership opportunities. The agreement is for a term of six months ending June 30, 2012, and provides that our Board of Directors will determine whether to renew the agreement for an additional period of six months upon expiration.  Either party may, however, terminate the agreement at any time without penalty.  Mr. Rimer will receive total compensation of $125,000 for the six-month period assuming no early termination, payable in two installments.  He also is entitled to be reimbursed certain expenses in connection with the performance of his services, subject to prior approval by our Chief Executive Officer in the case of travel and entertainment costs. During the period of this Consulting Agreement, Mr. Rimer continues to receive regular director compensation retainer and meeting fees as noted above.

 
Director Independence
 
Applying the definition of independence provided under the NASDAQ rules, the Board has determined that with the exception of Mr. Moore and Mr. Rimer during the period of his consulting agreement, all of the members of the Board of Directors are independent.


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ITEM 14.
PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
 
Accounting Fees
 
Friedman LLP
 
The following table summarized the fees billed to Acorn for professional services rendered by Friedman LLP for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011.
 
 
2010
 
2011
Audit Fees
$
240,000

 
$
175,000

Audit- Related Fees
6,000

 
9,000

Tax Fees
3,000

 

Other Fees
19,000

 
5,000

Total
$
268,000

 
$
189,000

 
Audit Fees were for professional services rendered for the audits of the consolidated financial statements of the Company, assistance with review of documents filed with the SEC, consents, and other assistance required to be performed by our independent accountants.
 
Audit-Related Fees were for travel costs associated with our audit.
 
Tax Fees were for tax planning advice for one of our subsidiaries.
 
Other Fees were for due diligence services related to our GridSense acquisition and for a consent with respect to our capital raise.
 


Pre-Approval Policies and Procedures
 
The Audit Committee’s current policy is to pre-approve all audit and non-audit services that are to be performed and fees to be charged by our independent auditor to assure that the provision of these services does not impair the independence of the auditor.  The Audit Committee pre-approved all audit and non-audit services rendered by our principal accountant in 2011 and 2010.


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PART IV

ITEM 15.
 EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
 
(a)(1) List of Financial Statements of the Registrant
 
The consolidated financial statements of the Registrant and the report thereon of the Registrant’s Independent Registered Public Accounting Firms are included in this Annual Report beginning on page F-1.
 
Report of Friedman LLP
Report of Kesselman & Kesselman
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2010 and 2011
Consolidated Statements of Operations
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

(a)(3) List of Exhibits
 
No.
 
#3.1
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of the Registrant.
3.2
By laws of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S 1 (File No. 33 44027) (the “1992 Registration Statement”)).
3.3
Amendments to the By Laws of the Registrant adopted December 27, 1994 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.3 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated January 10, 1995).
4.1
Specimen certificate for the common stock (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.2 to the 1992 Registration Statement).
4.2
Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2006).
4.3
Form of Convertible Debenture (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.9 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006).
4.4
Form of Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.10 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2006).
4.5
Form of Agent Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2007).
4.6
Form of Placement Agent Warrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 4.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2010).
10.1
1994 Stock Incentive Plan, as amended.  (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “2004 10-K”)).*
10.2
1994 Stock Option Plan for Outside Directors, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant’s Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1995 (the “1995 10- K”)).*
10.3
1995 Stock Option Plan for Non-management Employees, as amended (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the 2004 10-K).*

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10.4
Form of Stock Option Agreement to employees under the 1994 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 (the “2004 10-K”).*
10.5
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 1994 Stock Option Plan for Outside Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.36 of the 2004 10-K).*
10.6
Form of Stock Option Agreement under the 1995 Stock Option Plan for Nonmanagement Employees (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.37 of the 2004 10-K).
10.7
Stock Option Agreement dated as of December 30, 2004 by and between George Morgenstern and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.38 of the 2004 10-K).*
10.8
Stock Option Agreement dated as of December 30, 2004 by and between Sheldon Krause and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.35 of the 2004 10-K).*
10.9
Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of March 9, 2006 by and between Shlomie Morgenstern, Databit Inc., and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 16, 2006 (the “2006 8-K”)).
10.10
Amendment Agreement to Option Agreements and Restricted Stock Agreement dated as of March 9, 2006 by and between George Morgenstern and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit D to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 16, 2006 (the “2006 8-K”)).*
10.11
Consulting Agreement dated as of March 9, 2006 by and between George Morgenstern and the Registrant (incorporated by reference to Exhibit E to Exhibit 10.1 to the 2006 8-K).*
10.12
Form of Common Stock Purchase Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated August 17, 2006 (the “August 2006 8-K”)).
10.13
Form of Note Purchase Agreement with Form of Convertible Promissory Note attached (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the August 2006 8-K).
10.14
Form of Stock Purchase Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the August 2006 8-K).
10.15
Form of Investors’ Rights Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the August 2006 8-K).
10.16
Form of Non-Plan Option Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the August 2006 8-K).*
10.17
Acorn Factor, Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 6, 2007).*
10.18
Acorn Energy, Inc. 2006 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan (as amended and restated effective June 10, 2010) (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 16, 2010).*
10.19
Placement Agent Agreement between First Montauk Securities Corp. and the Registrant dated March 8, 2007 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.48 to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2006).
10.20
Employment Agreement, dated as of March 4, 2008, by and between Acorn Energy, Inc. and John A. Moore (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2008).*
10.21
Acorn Energy, Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan For Non-Employee Directors (as amended and restated effective November 3, 2008)    (incorporated herein by reference to Appendix B to the Registrant’s Definitive Proxy Statement on Schedule 14A filed on October 8, 2008)*

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10.22
Form of Option Agreement between the Registrant and John A. Moore dated March 4, 2008 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2008).*
10.23
Amendment dated as of March 31, 2009 by and between George Morgenstern and the Registrant to the Consulting Agreement dated as of March 9, 2006 by and between George Morgenstern and the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2009).*
10.24
Form of Letter of Intent by and among Registrant, Gridsense Pty Ltd and certain shareholders of Gridsense Pty Ltd named therein dated October 29, 2009 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.50 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
10.25
Form of Arrangement Agreement by and among the Registrant, Coreworx Inc. and Decision Dynamics Technology LTD dated as of March 2, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.51 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
10.26
Forms of Option Award Certificate and Option Award Agreement under the Registrant’s Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Incentive Plan (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.52 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
10.27
Forms of Option Award Certificate and Option Award Agreement under the Registrant’s Amended and Restated 2006 Stock Option Plan for Non-Employee Directors (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.53 to Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2009).
10.28
Placement Agency Agreement between the Registrant and Merriman Curhan Ford & Co. dated as of March 8, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 8, 2010).
10.29
Form of Investor Purchase Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated March 8, 2010).
10.30
Common Stock Option Purchase Agreement between the Registrant and US Sensor Systems Inc. dated as of February 23, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010).
10.31
Capital Stock Option Purchase Agreement by and among the Registrant, US Sensor Systems Inc. and other parties named therein dated as of February 23, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010).
10.32
Stockholders Agreement by and among the Registrant, US Sensor Systems Inc. and other parties named therein dated as of February 23, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010).
10.33
Amended and Restated Investors Rights Agreement by and among the Registrant, US Sensor Systems Inc. and other parties named therein dated as of February 23, 2010 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010).
10.34
Share Sale Agreement by and among the Registrant, GridSense Pty Ltd and the other parties named therein dated as of April 28, 2010. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.60 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).
10.35
Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement by and among CoaLogix Solutions Inc., CoaLogix Tech LLC, SCR-Tech, LLC, CoaLogix Technology Holdings Inc., Metallifix LLC and Square 1 Bank dated as of July 22, 2010.(incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.61 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).
10.36
Share Exchange Agreement by and between the Registrant and Coreworx Inc. dated as of December 17, 2010. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.62 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).

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10.37
Debt Conversion Agreement by and between the Registrant and Coreworx Inc. dated as of December 17, 2010. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.63 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).
10.38
Amended and Restated Loan Agreement by and between the Registrant and Coreworx Inc. dated as of December 17, 2010. (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.64 to the Registrant's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010).
10.39
Placement Agent Agreement, dated as of December 17, 2010, by and between the Registrant and HFP Capital Markets LLC (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.1 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2010).
10.40
Form of Subscription Agreement (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 1.2 of the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated December 20, 2010).
10.41
Amended Subscription Agreement by and among the Registrant, Samuel M. Zentman and other parties named therein dated as of January 12, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.1 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).
10.42
Amended Subscription Agreement by and among the Registrant, Joe B. Cogdell, Jr. and other parties named therein dated as of January 12, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.2 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).
10.43
Amendment to Employment Agreement by and between the Registrant and John A. Moore dated March 15, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.3 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).*
10.44
Amendment to Amended and Restated Non-Plan Stock Option Agreement by and between the Registrant and John A. Moore dated March 10, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.4 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).*
10.45
Amendment to Amended and Restated Non-Plan Stock Option Agreement by and between the Registrant and John A. Moore dated March 10, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.5 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).*
10.46
Amendment to Amended and Restated Non-Plan Stock Option Agreement by and between the Registrant and Samuel M. Zentman dated March 30, 2011 (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 10.6 to the Registrant's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011).*
#10.47
Form of Indemnification Agreement.*
#10.48
Amendment to Acorn Energy, Inc. 2006 Stock Incentive Plan and Acorn Energy, Inc. 2006 Stock Option Plan For Non-Employee Directors.*
#10.49
Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2011, by and among the Registrant, the other sellers named therein, CoaLogix, Inc. and Coalogix Holdings, Inc. (confidential portions of this exhibit have been redacted and filed separately with the Commission pursuant to a confidential treatment request in accordance with Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).
#10.50
Amendment No.1 to Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of August 31, 2011, by and among the Registrant, the other sellers named therein and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc. (confidential portions of this exhibit have been redacted and filed separately with the Commission pursuant to a confidential treatment request in accordance with Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).
#10.51
Letter Agreement, dated August 31, 2011, between the Registrant and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., regarding executive employment agreements.*

#10.52
Secondment Agreement, dated August 31, 2011 between the Registrant and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., regarding Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.*


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#10.53
Escrow Agreement, dated August 31, 2011, by and among the Registrant, EnerTech Capital Partners III LP, CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., and the other parties listed therein (confidential portions of this exhibit have been redacted and filed separately with the Commission pursuant to a confidential treatment request in accordance with Rule 24b-2 promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended).
#10.54
Letter Agreement between the Registrant and Richard Rimer dated December 12, 2011.*
#10.55
Amendment of Consulting Agreement between the Registrant and George Morgenstern dated March 15, 2011  

14.1
Code of Business Conduct and Ethics of the Registrant (incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 14 to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 2, 2007).
#21.1
List of subsidiaries.
#23.1
Consent of Friedman LLP.
#23.2
Consent of Kesselman & Kesselman CPA.
#31.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
#31.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
#32.1
Certification of Chief Executive Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
#32.2
Certification of Chief Financial Officer pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
#101.1
The following financial statements from Acorn Energy's Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011, filed on March 15, 2012, formatted in XBRL (eXtensible Business Reporting Language): (i) Consolidated Balance Sheets, (ii) Consolidated Statements of Operations, (iii) Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity (iv) Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, and (v) Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, tagged as blocks of text.

*
This exhibit includes a management contract, compensatory plan or arrangement in which one or more directors or executive officers of the Registrant participate.
#
This exhibit is filed or furnished herewith.


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SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Township of Montchanin, State of Delaware, on March 15, 2012 .
 
ACORN ENERGY, INC.
 
 
/s/ John A. Moore
By:
John A. Moore
 
Chairman of the Board; President and Chief Executive Officer
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed by the following persons on behalf of the registrant, in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
 
Signature
 
Title
 
Date
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ John A. Moore
 
Chairman of the Board; President; Chief Executive Officer; and Director
 
March 15, 2012
John A. Moore
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Michael Barth
 
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer)
 
March 15, 2012
Michael Barth
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ George Morgenstern
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
George Morgenstern
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Director
 
 
Samuel M. Zentman
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Richard J. Giacco
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Richard J. Giacco
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Richard Rimer
 
Director and Vice-Chairman of the Board
 
March 15, 2012
Richard Rimer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Joe Musanti
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Joe Musanti
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Christopher E. Clouser
 
Director
 
March 15, 2012
Christopher E. Clouser
 
 
 
 


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ACORN ENERGY, INC.
AND SUBSIDIARIES
 
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


1

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Acorn Energy, Inc.
 
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Acorn Energy, Inc. and its subsidiaries (the "Company") as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and comprehensive income and cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2011 . We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 , based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO). The Company’s management is responsible for these financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting, appearing in Item 9A. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits.
 
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audits of the financial statements included examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
 
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
 
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the two years ended December 31, 2011 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. Also in our opinion, the Company. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2011 , based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (COSO).

 
/s/ Friedman LLP
East Hanover, New Jersey
March 15, 2012


F- 1

Table of Contents

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 
To the Board of Directors and Shareholders of
Acorn Energy, Inc.
We have audited the consolidated statement of operations, changes in equity and cash flows of Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2009. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's Board of Directors and management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by the Company's Board of Directors and management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the results of operations and cash flows of the Company and its subsidiaries for the year ended December 31, 2009, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
As discussed in Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company changed the manner in which it accounts for non-controlling interests as of January 1, 2009
March 22, 2010, except for Note 5(b) which is as of March 16, 2011 and Notes 3(b) and 18(g) which are as of March 15, 2012.
/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants
A member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited
Tel-Aviv, Israel





F- 2

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE DATA)
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
ASSETS
 
 
 
 
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
6,549

 
$
34,280

Short-term deposits
 

 
18,000

Restricted deposit
 
1,317

 
2,223

Funds held in escrow
 

 
5,961

Accounts receivable
 
5,273

 
4,965

Unbilled revenue
 
3,806

 
3,778

Inventory
 
1,114

 
2,144

Other current assets
 
333

 
922

Current assets of discontinued operations
 
9,424

 

Total current assets
 
27,816

 
72,273

Property and equipment, net
 
490

 
635

Severance assets
 
2,498

 
2,620

Restricted deposit
 
85

 
271

Intangible assets, net
 
5,339

 
4,780

Goodwill
 
4,679

 
4,637

Deferred taxes
 
302

 
440

Other assets
 
378

 
149

Non-current assets of discontinued operations
 
18,198

 

Total assets
 
$
59,785

 
$
85,805

LIABILITIES AND EQUITY
 
 

 
 

Current liabilities:
 
 

 
 

Short-term bank credit and current maturities of long-term debt
 
$
1,308

 
$
677

Accounts payable
 
2,578

 
2,052

Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and social benefits
 
1,531

 
1,907

Other current liabilities
 
3,428

 
7,420

Current liabilities of discontinued operations
 
4,372

 

Total current liabilities
 
13,217

 
12,056

Long-term liabilities:
 
 

 
 

Accrued severance
 
3,715

 
3,837

Long-term debt
 
302

 
141

Other long-term liabilities
 
240

 
204

Long-term liabilities of discontinued operations
 
434

 

Total long-term liabilities
 
4,691

 
4,182

Commitments and contingencies (Note 17)
 
 

 
 

Equity:
 
 

 
 

Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
 

 
 

Common stock - $0.01 par value per share:
 
 

 
 

Authorized – 30,000,000 shares; Issued –18,067,925 and 18,325,529 shares at December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively
 
180

 
183


F- 3

Table of Contents

Additional paid-in capital
 
83,596

 
84,614

Warrants
 
427

 
427

Accumulated deficit
 
(48,431
)
 
(13,022
)
Treasury stock, at cost – 801,920 shares at December 31, 2010 and 2011
 
(3,036
)
 
(3,036
)
Accumulated other comprehensive income
 
637

 
485

Total Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders’ equity
 
33,373

 
69,651

Non-controlling interests
 
8,504

 
(84
)
Total equity
 
41,877

 
69,567

Total liabilities and equity
 
$
59,785

 
$
85,805

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 4

Table of Contents


ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT NET INCOME (LOSS) PER SHARE DATA)
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Projects
 
$
8,807

 
$
11,235

 
$
11,368

Smart grid distribution products and services
 

 
2,382

 
7,119

Other
 
412

 
627

 
441

Total revenues
 
9,219

 
14,244

 
18,928

Cost of sales:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Projects
 
4,946

 
6,646

 
7,886

Smart grid distribution products and services
 

 
1,210

 
3,792

Other
 
318

 
344

 
337

Total cost of sales
 
5,264

 
8,200

 
12,015

Gross profit
 
3,955

 
6,044

 
6,913

Operating expenses:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Research and development expenses, net
 
457

 
965

 
2,995

Impairments
 
81

 
1,166

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
5,702

 
10,440

 
11,952

Total operating expenses
 
6,240

 
12,571

 
14,947

Operating loss
 
(2,285
)
 
(6,527
)
 
(8,034
)
Finance expense, net
 
(71
)
 
(224
)
 
(26
)
Gain on sale of shares in Comverge
 
1,403

 

 

Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 
1,327

 

Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 
492

Distributions received from EnerTech
 

 
135

 

Loss on sale of EnerTech
 

 
(1,821
)
 

Loss before taxes on income
 
(953
)

(7,110
)
 
(7,568
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
719

 
(671
)
 
12,767

Income (loss) from operations of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries
 
(234
)
 
(7,781
)
 
5,199

Share of income of Paketeria
 
263

 

 

Share of losses of GridSense
 
(129
)
 

 

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(100
)
 
(7,781
)
 
5,199

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(6,076
)
 
(17,969
)
 
(1,948
)
Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 

 

 
31,069

Non-controlling interest share of loss from discontinued operations
 
626

 
67

 
540

Net income (loss)
 
(5,550
)
 
(25,683
)
 
34,860

Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 
(206
)
 
595

 
549

Net income (loss) attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders.
 
$
(5,756
)
 
$
(25,088
)
 
$
35,409

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
   From continuing operations
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
0.33

   From discontinued operations
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
(1.20
)
 
$
1.70

Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
2.03

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders – basic
 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,462

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

F- 5

Table of Contents

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 
 
 
 
 
   From continuing operations
 
$
(0.02
)
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
0.32

   From discontinued operations
 
$
(0.48
)
 
$
(1.20
)
 
$
1.67

Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
1.99

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders – diluted
 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,743

 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 6

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)

 
  
 
Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Warrants
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Treasury Stock
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total Equity
Balances as of December 31, 2010
 
18,068

 
$
180

 
$
83,596

 
$
427

 
$
(48,431
)
 
$
(3,036
)
 
$
637

 
$
33,373

 
$
8,504

 
$
41,877

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 

 

 

 

 
5,748

 

 

 
5,748

 
(549
)
 
5,199

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations
 

 

 



 
29,661

 

 

 
29,661

 
(540
)
 
29,121

Differences from translation of subsidiaries’ financial statements
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(152
)
 
(152
)
 
(16
)
 
(168
)
Comprehensive income
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
35,257

 
(1,105
)
 
34,152

Dividends (see Note 18(b))
 

 

 
(1,490
)
 

 

 

 

 
(1,490
)
 

 
(1,490
)
Adjustment of non-controlling interests in USSI following exercise of USSI option (see Note 4(b)(i))
 

 

 
600

 

 

 

 

 
600

 
(600
)
 

Other
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
30

 
30

Stock option compensation
 

 

 
406

 

 

 

 

 
406

 

 
406

Stock option compensation of subsidiaries
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
176

 
176

Deconsolidation of CoaLogix (see Note 3(b))
 

 

 
1,193

 

 

 

 

 
1,193

 
(7,089
)
 
(5,896
)
Compensation of consultant granted in stock
 
26

 

*
101

 

 

 

 

 
101

 

 
101

Exercise of options
 
232

 
3

 
208

 

 

 

 

 
211

 

 
211

Balances as of December 31, 2011
 
18,326

 
$
183

 
$
84,614

 
$
427

 
$
(13,022
)
 
$
(3,036
)
 
$
485

 
$
69,651

 
$
(84
)
 
$
69,567

 
 
*
Less than $1


 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

F- 7

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)


  
 
Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Warrants
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Treasury Stock
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total Equity
Balances as of December 31, 2009
 
13,249

 
$
132

 
$
58,373

 
$
290

 
$
(23,343
)
 
$
(4,827
)
 
$
152

 
$
30,777

 
$
5,321

 
$
36,098

Net loss from continuing operations
 

 

 

 

 
(7,186
)
 

 

 
(7,186
)
 
(595
)
 
(7,781
)
Net loss from discontinued operations
 

 

 

 

 
(17,902
)
 

 

 
(17,902
)
 
(67
)
 
(17,969
)
Differences from translation of subsidiaries’ financial statements (see Deconsolidation of Coreworx below)
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
871

 
871

 

 
871

Comprehensive loss
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(24,217
)
 
(662
)
 
(24,879
)
Issuance by CoaLogix of CoaLogix shares to non-controlling interests (see Note 3(a))
 

 

 
587

 

 

 

 

 
587

 
2,423

 
3,010

Shares issued in March capital raise, net of transaction costs (see Note 18(c)(i))
 
2,232

 
22

 
11,445

 

 

 

 

 
11,467

 

 
11,467

Shares issued in the acquisition of Decision Dynamics (see Note 5(a))
 
1,000

 
10

 
5,630

 

 

 

 

 
5,640

 

 
5,640

Shares issued in the acquisition of GridSense (see Note 4(a)(ii))
 
356

 
4

 
1,863

 

 

 

 

 
1,867

 

 
1,867

Issuance of treasury shares in exercise of USSI option (see Note 4(b))
 

 

 
(1,791
)
*

 

 
1,791

 

 

 

 

Non-controlling interests created in USSI consolidation
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
3,600

 
3,600

Adjustment of non-controlling interests in USSI following exercise of USSI options (see Note 4 (b)(i))
 

 

 
2,224

 

 

 

 

 
2,224

 
(2,224
)
 

Shares issued in December capital raise, net of transaction costs (see Note 18(b)(ii))
 
1,150

 
11

 
3,545

 
153

 

 

 

 
3,709

 

 
3,709

Stock option compensation
 

 

 
690

 

 

 

 

 
690

 

 
690

Stock option compensation of subsidiaries
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
779

 
779

Deconsolidation of Coreworx
 

 

 
795

 

 

 

 
(386
)
 
409

 
(795
)
 
(386
)
Other
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
62

 
62

Exercise of options and warrants
 
81

 
1

 
235

 
(16
)
 

 

 

 
220

 

 
220

Balances as of December 31, 2010
 
18,068

 
$
180

 
$
83,596

 
$
427

 
$
(48,431
)
 
$
(3,036
)
 
$
637

 
$
33,373

 
$
8,504

 
$
41,877


 
*
Includes approximately $438 of a gain on re-issuance
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 8

Table of Contents


ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)

  
 
Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders
 
 
 
 
 
 
Number of Shares
 
Common Stock
 
Additional Paid-In Capital
 
Warrants
 
Accumulated Deficit
 
Treasury Stock
 
Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
 
Total Acorn Energy, Inc. Shareholders’ Equity
 
Non-controlling interests
 
Total Equity
Balances as of December 31, 2008
 
12,455

 
$
124

 
$
54,035

 
$
1,020

 
$
(17,587
)
 
$
(3,719
)
 
$
(425
)
 
$
33,448

 
$
2,675

 
$
36,123

Net loss from continuing operations
 

 

 

 

 
(306
)
 

 

 
(306
)
 
206

 
(100
)
Net loss from discontinued operations
 

 

 

 

 
(5,450
)
 

 

 
(5,450
)
 
(626
)
 
(6,076
)
Adjustment to fair market value of Comverge shares, net
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
125

 
125

 

 
125

Differences from translation of subsidiaries’ financial statements
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
452

 
452

 
42

 
494

Comprehensive loss
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
(5,179
)
 
(378
)
 
(5,557
)
Issuance by CoaLogix of CoaLogix shares to non-controlling interests (see Note 3(a))
 

 

 
596

 

 

 

 

 
596

 
2,277

 
2,873

Stock option compensation
 

 

 
678

 

 

 

 

 
678

 

 
678

Stock option compensation of subsidiaries
 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 
747

 
747

Exercise of options and warrants
 
794

 
8

 
3,064

 
(730
)
 

 

 

 
2,342

 

 
2,342

Purchase of treasury shares
 

 

 

 

 

 
(1,108
)
 

 
(1,108
)
 

 
(1,108
)
Balances as of December 31, 2009
 
13,249

 
$
132

 
$
58,373

 
$
290

 
$
(23,343
)
 
$
(4,827
)
 
$
152

 
$
30,777

 
$
5,321

 
$
36,098



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 9

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)


 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Cash flows used in operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Net income (loss) before non-controlling interests
 
$
(6,176
)
 
$
(25,750
)
 
$
34,320

Less net loss (income) from discontinued operations
 
6,076

 
17,969

 
(29,121
)
Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(100
)
 
(7,781
)
 
5,199

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities (see Schedule A)
 
(1,312
)
 
1,527

 
(13,038
)
Net cash used in operating activities – continuing operations
 
(1,412
)
 
(6,254
)
 
(7,839
)
Cash flows provided by (used in) investing activities:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Acquisitions of property and equipment
 
(240
)
 
(237
)
 
(502
)
Proceeds from the sale of Comverge shares
 
3,990

 

 

Proceeds from the sale of EnerTech
 

 
1,116

 

Restricted deposits
 
(971
)
 
(1,301
)
 
(1,930
)
Release of restricted deposits
 
2,468

 
1,029

 
839

Investment in EnerTech
 
(1,000
)
 
(900
)
 

Investment in USSI prior to acquisition.
 
(200
)
 

 

Investment in and loans to GridSense prior to acquisition
 
(550
)
 
(200
)
 

Amounts funded for severance assets
 
(377
)
 
(281
)
 
(315
)
Advances to CoaLogix prior to sale
 

 

 
(278
)
Proceeds from the sale of CoaLogix net of CoaLogix cash
 

 

 
62,117

 Escrow deposits from CoaLogix sale
 

 

 
(6,308
)
Proceeds from the sale of Coreworx debt and shares
 

 

 
100

 Release of escrow deposits
 

 

 
347

 Proceeds from the sale of HangXing
 

 

 
492

 Investment in short-term deposits
 

 

 
(18,000
)
Deconsolidation of Coreworx
 

 
(217
)
 

Acquisition of USSI net of cash acquired (see Schedule C)
 

 
7

 

Acquisition of GridSense, net of cash acquired (see Schedule D)
 

 
(1,352
)
 

Acquisition of OMI net of cash acquired (see Schedule E)
 

 

 

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities – continuing operations
 
3,120

 
(2,336
)
 
36,562

Cash flows provided by (used in) financing activities:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Proceeds from capital raises, net of transaction costs
 

 
15,176

 

Proceeds from employee stock option and warrant exercises
 
2,342

 
220

 
211

Purchase of additional shares in DSIT
 
(294
)
 

 

Acquisition of treasury shares
 
(1,108
)
 

 

Repayment of notes payable to the former shareholders of Coreworx
 
(3,400
)
 

 

Issuance of shares to non-controlling interests in consolidated subsidiary
 
2,873

 
3,010

 

Short-term bank credit, net
 
(82
)
 
962

 
(557
)
Proceeds from borrowings of long-term debt
 
530

 
129

 
68

Repayments of long-term debt
 
(4
)
 
(140
)
 
(342
)
Dividends paid
 

 

 
(614
)
Other
 

 
62

 
31

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities – continuing operations
 
857

 
19,419

 
(1,203
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

F- 10

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)


Discontinued operations:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Operating cash flows
 
(4,016
)
 
(8,536
)
 
(2,020
)
Investing cash flows
 
(2,450
)
 
(7,051
)
 
(187
)
Financing cash flows
 
(54
)
 
479

 
1,683

Net cash used in discontinued operations
 
(6,520
)
 
(15,108
)
 
(524
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents
 

 
273

 
(72
)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations
 
21

 
154

 

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents
 
(3,934
)
 
(3,852
)
 
26,924

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the year of discontinued operations
 
2,508

 
3,175

 
807

Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year of continuing operations
 
12,634

 
8,033

 
6,549

Cash and cash equivalents at end of year
 
11,208

 
7,356

 
34,280

Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations
 
(3,175
)
 
(807
)
 

Cash and cash equivalents at held by continuing operations at end of year
 
$
8,033

 
$
6,549

 
$
34,280

Supplemental cash flow information:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Cash paid during the year for:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Interest
 
$
267

 
$
151

 
$
144

Income taxes, net of refunds
 
$
(357
)
 
$
(85
)
 
$
2,180



 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.































F- 11

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)


 
 
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
A.
 
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
216

 
$
603

 
$
851

 
 
Share in income of Paketeria
 
(263
)
 

 

 
 
Share in losses of GridSense
 
129

 

 

 
 
Change in deferred taxes
 
(250
)
 
23

 
(13,206
)
 
 
Impairments
 
81

 
1,166

 

 
 
Exchange rate adjustment on restricted deposits
 
109

 

 


 
 
Exchange rate adjustment on amounts severance assets net of exchange adjustment on accrued severance
 

 
58

 
(75
)
 
 
Exchange rate adjustment on long-term debt
 

 
(38
)
 


 
 
Increase in liability for accrued severance
 
453

 
385

 
390

 
 
Gain on sale of shares in Comverge
 
(1,403
)
 

 

 
 
Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 
(1,327
)
 

 
 
Loss on sale of EnerTech
 

 
1,821

 

 
 
 Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 
(492
)
 
 
Loss on sale of property and equipment, net
 
6

 

 

 
 
Stock and stock option compensation
 
678

 
690

 
458

 
 
Other
 
4

 
9

 
(12
)
 
 
Changes in operating assets and liabilities:
 


 


 


 
 
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable
 
814

 
(2,659
)
 
305

 
 
Decrease (increase) unbilled revenue and work-in- process
 
(1,594
)
 
(1,806
)
 
28

 
 
Decrease (increase) in other current assets and other assets
 
(92
)
 
597

 
(422
)
 
 
Increase in inventory
 

 
(203
)
 
(1,027
)
 
 
Increase (decrease) in accounts payable, accrued payroll, payroll taxes and social benefits, other current liabilities and other non-current liabilities
 
(200
)
 
2,208

 
164

 
 
 
 
$
(1,312
)
 
$
1,527

 
$
(13,038
)
B.
 
Non-cash investing and financing activities:
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Intangibles acquired by discontinued operations in consideration for future royalties
 
$
99

 
 

 
 
 
 
Adjustment of additional paid-in-capital and non-controlling interests from investment in discontinued operations by non-controlling interests
 
$
596

 
$
587

 
 
 
 
Adjustment of additional paid-in-capital and non-controlling interests from exercise of option by Acorn in USSI
 
 

 
$
1,791

 
$
600

 
 
Value of Acorn shares issued in the acquisition of GridSense
 
 

 
$
1,867

 
 
 
 
Value of treasury shares issued in the exercise of an option to invest in USSI
 
 

 
$
2,229

 
 
 
 
Value of warrants issued in capital raise
 
 

 
$
153

 
 
 
 
       Value of shares issued as compensation
 
 
 
 
 
$
101

 
 
     Dividends payable
 
 
 
 
 
$
876

C.
 
Assets/liabilities acquired in the acquisition of USSI:
 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
Other current assets
 
 

 
$
(55
)
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment
 
 

 
(56
)
 
 
 
 
Intangibles
 
 

 
(2,565
)
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
 
 

 
(1,402
)
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 

 
285

 
 
 
 
Prior year investment in USSI
 
 

 
200

 
 
 
 
Non-controlling interests
 
 

 
3,600

 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
$
7

 
 
 The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 12

Table of Contents

ACORN ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)


D.
 
Assets/liabilities acquired in the acquisition of GridSense:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Inventory
 
 
 
$
(833
)
 
 
 
 
Other current assets
 
 
 
(482
)
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment
 
 
 
(71
)
 
 
 
 
Other assets
 
 
 
(370
)
 
 
 
 
Intangibles
 
 
 
(2,314
)
 
 
 
 
Goodwill
 
 
 
(3,655
)
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
2,003

 
 
 
 
Short term and long-term debt
 
 
 
113

 
 
 
 
Gain on step-up of investment
 
 
 
1,327

 
 
 
 
Consideration paid – see Note 4(a) for detail
 
 
 
4,406

 
 
 
 
Less cash included in consideration paid
 
 
 
(1,476
)
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$
(1,352
)
 
 
E.
 
Assets/liabilities acquired in the acquisition of OMI:
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
 
Other current assets
 
 
 
(39
)
 
 
 
 
Property and equipment
 
 
 
(41
)
 
 
 
 
Intangibles
 
 
 
(322
)
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities
 
 
 
402

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
$

 
 
 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


F- 13

Table of Contents

NOTE 1— NATURE OF OPERATIONS
 
(a)
Description of Business
Acorn Energy, Inc. (“Acorn” or the “Company”) is a Delaware corporation which is a holding company focused on technology driven solutions for energy infrastructure management.
 
Through its majority-owned operating subsidiaries the Company provides the following products and services:
 
Sonar and acoustic related solutions for energy, defense and commercial markets and other real-time embedded hardware & software development is reported in the Company’s Energy & Security Sonar Solutions (formerly known as Naval and RT Solutions) segment whose activities are conducted through its DSIT Solutions Ltd. (“DSIT”) subsidiary.
Smart grid distribution automation products and services provided through the Company’s GridSense Pty Ltd. and GridSense Inc. subsidiaries (“GridSense”) which were acquired in May 2010 (see Note 4(a)).
Energy and security sensor systems services which is provided by the Company’s U.S. Seismic Systems, Inc. (“USSI”) subsidiary which was effectively acquired in February 2010 (see Note 4(b)).

The Company’s operations are based in the United States, Israel and Australia.  Acorn’s shares are traded on the NASDAQ Global Market under the symbol ACFN.
 
See Note 22 for segment information and major customers.
 
(b)
Accounting Principles

The consolidated financial statements have been prepared in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America (“GAAP”).
 
(c)
Use of Estimates in Preparation of Financial Statements

The preparation of consolidated financial statements requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods.
 
As applicable to these consolidated financial statements, the most significant estimates and assumptions relate to percentages of completion with respect to revenue recognition, uncertainties with respect to income taxes, inventories, contingencies, purchase price allocations and analyses of the possible impairment of goodwill.
 
(d)
Amounts in the Footnotes in the Financial Statements

All dollar amounts in the footnotes of the consolidated financial statements are in thousands except for per share data.


F- 14

Table of Contents

NOTE 2—SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
 
Principles of Consolidation and Presentation
 
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its subsidiaries. In these financial statements, “subsidiaries” are companies that are over 50% controlled, the financial statements of which are consolidated with those of the Company. Significant intercompany transactions and balances are eliminated in consolidation; profits from intercompany sales, are also eliminated; non-controlling interests are included in equity.
 
Functional Currency and Foreign Currency Transactions
 
The currency of the primary economic environment in which the operations of Acorn and its U.S. subsidiaries are conducted is the United States dollar (“dollar”).  Accordingly, the Company and all of its U.S. subsidiaries use the dollar as their functional currency.  The financial statements of the Company’s Israeli subsidiary whose functional currency is the New Israeli Shekel (“NIS”), the Company’s Australian subsidiary whose functional currency is the Australian dollar (“AU”) and the Company’s former Canadian subsidiary whose functional currency was the Canadian dollar have been translated in accordance with applicable accounting principles. Assets and liabilities are translated at year-end exchange rates, while revenues and expenses are translated at average exchange rates during the year. Differences resulting from translation are presented in equity as Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income.  Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions and exchange gains and losses denominated in non-functional currencies are reflected in finance income (expense), net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations when they arise.
 
Cash Equivalents
 
The Company considers all highly liquid investments, which include money market funds and short-term bank deposits (up to three months from date of deposit or with maturity of three months from date of purchase) that are not restricted as to withdrawal or use, to be cash equivalents.
 
Accounts Receivable
 
Accounts receivable consists of trade receivables.  Trade receivables are recorded at the invoiced amount.
 
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts
 
The Company maintains allowances for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting from the inability of customers to make required payments.  This allowance is based on specific customer account reviews and historical collections experience.  If the financial condition of the Company’s funding parties or customers were to deteriorate, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional allowances may be required.  The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its customers and does not require collateral.
 
No allowance was charged to expense related to trade accounts receivable in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 or 2011. There was no allowance for doubtful accounts as of December 31, 2009, 2010 or 2011.
 
Inventory
 
GridSense - Inventories are comprised of components (raw materials), work-in-process and finished goods, which are measured at the lower of cost and net realizable value. Costs are determined at cost of acquisition on a weighted average basis and include all production and shipping costs.
 
USSI - Raw materials inventory is generally comprised of: specialized fiber, cables, optical components and electrical components. Work-in-process inventory is primarily comprised of systems that have commenced with assembly as well as capitalized labor time associated with the development of the system.  Finished Goods inventory consists of fully assembled systems ready for final shipment to the customer.  Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or market using the first-in, first-out method.

All inventories are periodically reviewed for impairment due for slow-moving and obsolete inventory. No impairment was recorded in 2009, 2010 or 2011. There was no reserve for inventory recorded as of December 31, 2009, 2010 or 2011.
 



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Investments in Companies Accounted for Using the Equity or Cost Method
 
Investments in other non-consolidated entities are accounted for using the equity method or cost basis depending upon the level of ownership and/or the Company’s ability to exercise significant influence over the operating and financial policies of the investee.  When the equity method is used, investments are recorded at original cost and adjusted periodically to recognize the Company’s proportionate share of the investees’ net income or losses after the date of investment. When net losses from an investment accounted for under the equity method exceed its carrying amount, the investment balance is reduced to zero and additional losses are not provided for as the Company is not obligated to provide additional capital.  The Company resumes accounting for the investment under the equity method if the entity subsequently reports net income and the Company’s share of that net income exceeds the share of net losses not recognized during the period the equity method was suspended.
 
When an investment accounted for using the equity method issues its own shares, the subsequent reduction in the Company’s proportionate interest in the investee is reflected in equity as an adjustment to paid-in-capital. The Company evaluates its investments in companies accounted for by the equity or cost method for impairment when there is evidence or indicators that a decrease in value may be other than temporary.
 
The Company’s investment in GridSense was accounted for by the equity method until the Company completed its acquisition of GridSense in May 2010 (see Note 4(a)) at which time the Company began consolidating GridSense's results. The Company’s investment in Paketeria AG ("Paketeria") was accounted for by the equity method until its disposition in 2009 (see Note 7(b)).  The Company’s investment in USSI was accounted for by the cost method until the Company increased its investment and began consolidating USSI’s results in February 2010 (see Note 4(b)). The Company’s investment in EnerTech Capital III L.P. ("EnerTech") (see Note 7(a)) was accounted for by the cost method until its disposition in December 2010.
 
Non-Controlling Interests
 
The Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued a statement which established accounting and reporting standards that require noncontrolling interests (previously referred to as minority interest) to be reported as a component of equity, changes in a parent’s ownership interest while the parent retains its controlling interest be accounted for as equity transactions, and upon a loss of control, retained ownership interest will be re-measured at fair value, with any gain or loss recognized in earnings. Prior to adoption of the statement on January 1, 2009, the Company had stopped attributing losses to its DSIT subsidiary because the losses exceeded the carrying amount of the noncontrolling interest. Upon adoption of the statement, the Company prospectively attributed income and losses to the noncontrolling interests associated with DSIT. The presentation and disclosure requirements of the statement were applied retrospectively.
 
Property and Equipment
 
Property and equipment are presented at cost at the date of acquisition.  Depreciation and amortization is calculated based on the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the depreciable assets, or in the case of leasehold improvements, the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful life of the asset.  Improvements are capitalized while repairs and maintenance are charged to operations as incurred.

Goodwill and Acquired Intangible Assets
 
Goodwill and intangible assets determined to have an indefinite useful life are not amortized, but instead are tested for impairment at least annually.  Intangible assets with estimable useful lives are amortized over their respective estimated useful lives and reviewed for impairment in accordance applicable accounting principles.
 
The Company assesses annually whether there is an indication that goodwill is impaired, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the asset might be impaired during the year.  The Company performs its annual impairment test in the fourth quarter of each year.  

Application of the goodwill impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, assignment of goodwill to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit. The Company has identified its operating segments as its reporting units for purposes of the impairment test.  The Company’s existing goodwill and intangible assets are associated with its Energy & Security Sonar Solutions, GridSense and USSI segments.  

In September 2011, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued guidance that simplified how entities test for goodwill impairment. This guidance permits entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than

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not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. This guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, and early adoption is permitted. As discussed more fully in Note 12(a) to the Consolidated Financial Statements, the Company early adopted this guidance for its annual goodwill impairment test that was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2011.

If the Company determined that is was necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test, it would determine the fair value of each reporting unit and compare it to the carrying amount of the reporting unit.  Calculating the fair value of the reporting units requires significant estimates and assumptions by management.  To the extent the carrying amount of a reporting unit exceeds the fair value of the reporting unit, there is an indication that the reporting unit goodwill may be impaired and a second step of the impairment test is performed to determine the amount of the impairment to be recognized, if any.
 
Other intangible assets that have finite useful lives (e.g. purchased technology), are recorded at fair value at the time of the acquisition, and are carried at such value less accumulated amortization.  The Company amortizes these intangible assets on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives. The Company's intangibles and their estimated useful lives are as follows:
 
 
Estimated
Useful
Life 
(in years)
Naval technologies
7
GridSense technologies
5-12
Customer relationships associated with GridSense
10
GridSense trade name
15
GridSense non-compete agreements
3
USSI sensor technologies
20
 
Impairment of Long-Lived Assets
 
Long-lived assets including certain intangible assets are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset may not be recoverable.  Recoverability of assets to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the undiscounted future net cash flows expected to be generated by the asset.  If the carrying amount of an asset exceeds its estimated future undiscounted cash flows, an impairment charge is recognized by the amount by which the carrying amount of the asset exceeds the fair value of the asset. No such events occurred in any of the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 or 2011.
 
Treasury Stock
 
Shares of common stock repurchased are recorded at cost as treasury stock. When shares are reissued, the cost method is used for determining cost. In accordance with GAAP, the excess of the acquisition cost over the reissuance price of the treasury stock, if any, is charged to additional paid-in capital, limited to the amount previously credited to additional paid-in capital, if any. Any excess is charged to accumulated deficit.

Revenue Recognition
 
The Company’s revenue recognition policy is consistent with applicable revenue recognition guidance and interpretations.
 
The Company recognizes revenue when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, services have been rendered, the price is fixed or determinable, and collectability is reasonably assured.
 
Revenues from management and consulting, time-and-materials service contracts, maintenance agreements and other services are recognized as services are provided.
 
Revenues from fixed-price contracts which require significant production, modification and/or customization to customer specifications are recognized using the percentage-of-completion method. Percentage-of-completion estimates are in man-months of labor and are reviewed periodically, and any adjustments required are reflected in the period when such estimates are revised.  Losses on contracts, if any, are recognized in the period in which the loss is determined.

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The Company assesses whether payment terms are customary or extended in accordance with normal practice relative to the market in which the sale is occurring.  The Company’s sales arrangements generally include standard payment terms.  These terms effectively relate to all customers, products, and arrangements regardless of customer type, product mix or arrangement size.
 
If the revenue recognition criteria above are not satisfied, amounts received from customers are classified as deferred revenue on the balance sheet until such time as the revenue recognition criteria are met.
 
Equipment and customer support services revenue is recognized upon delivery of the systems when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists that includes obtaining a written agreement in the form of a sales order with the customer, collection is probable, and the fee is fixed and determinable.
 
Revenue from sales of monitoring equipment is recognized at the time title to the equipment and significant risks of ownership pass to the customer, which is generally upon shipment when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured.
 
Revenue from customer support services on monitoring equipment includes sales of parts and servicing of equipment. Sales of parts revenue is recognized when the parts are shipped to the customer or when the part is installed in the customer's equipment. Servicing of equipment revenue is recognized as the related service work is performed.

Revenue from sales of sensor products is recognized at the time title to the products and significant risks of ownership pass to the customer, which is generally upon shipment and installation, when all significant contractual obligations have been satisfied and collection is reasonably assured.

Milestone payments are recognized as revenue when milestones are deemed to be substantive and are achieved. A substantive milestone is one that is based on successful performance by the Company and not solely contingent upon the passage of time or performance by another party. Milestone payments collected in advance that have significant future performance obligations are presented as deferred revenue and recognized when the milestone is achieved.

  Unbilled Revenue
 
Revenues may be earned for those services in advance of amounts billable to the customer and are recognized when the service is performed.  Revenues recognized in excess of amounts billed for projects in process are recorded as unbilled revenue.  Such amounts are generally billed upon the completion of a project milestone.
 
Warranty Provision
 
The Company’s DSIT subsidiary generally grants its customers one to two year warranty on its projects.  The Company’s GridSense and USSI subsidiaries generally grants its customers a one year warranty on their respective products. 
 
Estimated warranty obligations are provided for as a cost of sales in the period in which the related revenues are recognized, based on management’s estimate of future potential warranty obligations and limited historical experience.  Adjustments are made to accruals as warranty claim data and historical experience warrant.
 
The Company’s warranty obligations may be materially affected by product or service failure rates and other costs incurred in correcting a product or service failure.  Should actual product or service failure rates or other related costs differ from the Company’s estimates, revisions to the accrued warranty liability would be required.
 
The following table summarizes the changes in accrued warranty liability from December 31, 2009 to the year ended December 31, 2011:
 

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Balance at December 31, 2009
 
$
104

 
Warranties issued
 
103

 
Adjustment of warranty provision
 
(3
)
 
Warranty claims
 

 
Balance at December 31, 2010*
 
204

 
Warranties issued
 
54

 
Adjustment of warranty provision
 
(24
)
 
Warranty claims
 
(46
)
 
Balance at December 31, 2011*
 
$
188

 
 
* The balance at December 31, 2011 is included in other current liabilities ($37) and other long-term liabilities ($151). At December 31, 2010, the balance is included in other current liabilities ($56) and other long-term liabilities ($148).
 
Concentration of Credit Risk
 
Financial instruments, which potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk, consist principally of cash and cash equivalents, escrowed deposits, short-term deposits, restricted deposits and accounts receivable.  The Company’s cash, cash equivalents, escrowed deposits, short-term deposits and restricted cash deposits were deposited with U.S., Israeli and Australian banks and other financial institutions and amounted to $60,735 at December 31, 2011.  The Company uses major banks and brokerage firms to invest its excess cash, primarily in money market funds and FDIC insured certificates of deposit through the Certificate of Deposit Account Registry Service.  The Company also uses a major bank for its escrowed deposits. The Company does not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by the counterparties.  The counterparty to the Company's restricted deposits are two major Israeli banks. The Company does not believe there is significant risk of non-performance by these counterparties. Related credit risk would result from a default by the financial institutions or issuers of investments to the extent of the recorded carrying value of these assets.  Approximately 32% of the accounts receivable at December 31, 2011, were due from two customers (18% and 14%, respectively), both of whom pay their receivables over usual credit periods (as to revenues from significant customers – see Note 22(d)).  Credit risk with respect to the balance of trade receivables is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising the Company’s customer base. Approximately 71% of the balance in unbilled revenue at December 31, 2011 was due from two customers that when billed, pay their trade receivables over usual credit periods.  Credit risk with respect to the balance of unbilled revenue is generally diversified due to the number of entities comprising our customer base.

Research and Development Expenses
 
Research and development expenses consist primarily of labor and related expenses and are charged to operations as incurred.  Participation by third parties in the Company’s research and development costs as well as credits arising from qualifying research and experimental development expenditures are netted against research and development.
 
In connection with business combinations, amounts assigned to tangible and intangible assets to be used in a particular research and development project that have not reached technological feasibility and have no alternative future use are charged to acquired in-process research and development at the acquisition date.
 
Advertising Expenses
 
Advertising expenses are charged to operations as incurred.  Advertising expense was $9, $66 and $127 for each the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 
Stock-Based Compensation
 
The Company accounts for stock-based awards to employees in accordance with applicable accounting principles, which requires compensation expense related to share-based transactions, including employee stock options, to be measured and recognized in the financial statements based on a determination of the fair value of the stock options. The grant date fair value is determined using the Black-Scholes-Merton (“Black-Scholes”) pricing model. For all employee stock options, we recognize expense over the requisite service period on an accelerated basis over the employee’s requisite service period (generally the vesting period of the equity grant). The Company’s option pricing model requires the input of highly subjective assumptions, including the expected stock price volatility, expected term, and forfeiture rate. Any changes in these highly subjective assumptions significantly impact stock-based compensation expense.

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Options awarded to purchase shares of common stock issued to non-employees in exchange for services are accounted for as variable awards in accordance with applicable accounting principles. Such options are valued using the Black-Scholes option pricing model.
 
See Note 18(d) and 18(e) for the assumptions used to calculate the fair value of stock-based employee and non-employee compensation.  Upon the exercise of options, it is the Company’s policy to issue new shares rather than utilizing treasury shares.
 
Deferred Income Taxes
 
Deferred income taxes reflects the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, as well as operating loss, capital loss and tax credit carryforwards.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are classified as current or non-current based on the classification of the related assets or liabilities for financial reporting, or according to the expected reversal dates of the specific temporary differences, if not related to an asset or liability for financial reporting.  Valuation allowances are established against deferred tax assets if it is more likely than not that the assets will not be realized.  Deferred tax assets and liabilities are measured using enacted tax rates expected to apply to taxable income in the years in which those temporary differences are expected to be recovered or settled.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates or laws is recognized in operations in the period that includes the enactment date.

Income Tax Uncertainties
 
The calculation of the Company’s tax liabilities involves dealing with uncertainties in the application of complex tax regulations. The Company recognizes liabilities for uncertain tax positions based on the two-step process prescribed by applicable accounting principles. The first step is to evaluate the tax position for recognition by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that the position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of related appeals or litigation processes, if any. The second step requires the Company to estimate and measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement. It is inherently difficult and subjective to estimate such amounts, as this requires the Company to determine the probability of various possible outcomes. The Company reevaluates these uncertain tax positions on a quarterly basis. This evaluation is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in facts or circumstances, changes in tax law, effectively settled issues under audit, and new audit activity. Such a change in recognition or measurement would result in the recognition of a tax benefit or an additional charge to the tax provision in the period. The Company recognizes interest and penalties as incurred in finance income (expense), net in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
 
Basic and Diluted Net Income (Loss) Per Share
 
Basic net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. by the weighted average number of shares outstanding during the year, excluding treasury stock.  Diluted net income (loss) per share is computed by dividing the net income (loss) by the weighted average number of shares outstanding plus the dilutive potential of common shares which would result from the exercise of stock options and warrants.  The dilutive effects of stock options and warrants are excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share if doing so would be antidilutive.  The weighted average number of options and warrants that were excluded from the computation of diluted net loss per share, as they had an antidilutive effect, was approximately 1,669,000, 2,095,000 and 867,000 for the years ending December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

The following data represents the amounts used in computing EPS and the effect on net income and the weighted average number of shares of dilutive potential common stock:
    
 

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Year ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Net income available to common stockholders
 
$
(5,756
)
 
$
(25,088
)
 
$
35,841

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Weighted average shares outstanding:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 -Basic
 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,462

Add: Warrants
 

 

 
26

Add: Stock options
 

 

 
255

 -Diluted
 
11,445

 
14,910

 
17,743

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Basic net income per share
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
2.03

Diluted net income per share
 
$
(0.50
)
 
$
(1.68
)
 
$
1.99



Fair Value Measurement
 
The Company adopted the provisions of the accounting pronouncement which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and enhances fair value measurement disclosure. Under the provisions of the pronouncement, fair value is defined as the price that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability (i.e., the “exit price”) in an orderly transaction between market participants at the measurement date.
 
The pronouncement establishes a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use on unobservable inputs by requiring that the most observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the assumptions market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The hierarchy is described below:
 
Level 1: Quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets that are accessible at the measurement date for assets or liabilities. The fair value hierarchy gives the highest priority to Level 1 inputs.
 
Level 2: Observable prices that are based on inputs not quoted on active markets, but corroborated by market data.
 
Level 3: Unobservable inputs are used when little or no market data is available. The fair value hierarchy gives the lowest priority to Level 3 inputs.
 
Accumulated Comprehensive Income
 
The Company’s accumulated comprehensive income is comprised of $152, $637 and $485 of differences from translation of subsidiaries’ financial statements as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively. Included in aforementioned balances is $42, $0 and $(16) with respect to non-controlling interests as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

Recently Issued Accounting Principles
 
With the exception of those stated below, there have been no recent accounting pronouncements or changes in accounting pronouncements during the year ended December 31, 2011, that are of material significance, or have potential material significance, to the Company.

In September 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-08, Testing Goodwill for Impairment ("ASU 2011-08") that gives an entity the option of performing a qualitative assessment to determine whether it is necessary to perform Step 1 of the annual goodwill impairment test. An entity is required to perform Step 1 only if it concludes that it is more likely than not that a reporting unit's fair value is less than its carrying amount. An entity may choose to perform the qualitative assessment on none, some or all of its reporting units or an entity may bypass the qualitative assessment for any reporting unit in any period and proceed directly to Step 1 of the impairment test. This guidance is effective for annual and interim goodwill impairment tests performed for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2011, and early adoption is permitted. As discussed more fully in Note 12, the Company early

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adopted this guidance for its annual goodwill impairment test that was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2011.

In June 2011, the FASB issued ASU No. 2011-05, "Comprehensive Income (ASC Topic 220): Presentation of Comprehensive Income," ("ASU 2011-05") which amends current comprehensive income guidance. This accounting update eliminates the option to present the components of other comprehensive income as part of the statement of shareholders' equity. Instead, the Company must report comprehensive income in either a single continuous statement of comprehensive income which contains two sections, net income and other comprehensive income, or in two separate but consecutive statements. ASU 2011-05 will be effective for public companies during the interim and annual periods beginning after Dec. 15, 2011 with early adoption permitted. The Company does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2011-05 will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operation and financial condition.

In May 2011, the FASB issued ASU 2011-04, "Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Amendments to Achieve Common Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure Requirements in U.S. GAAP and International Financial Reporting Standards ("IFRSs")." Under ASU 2011-04, the guidance amends certain accounting and disclosure requirements related to fair value measurements to ensure that fair value has the same meaning in U.S. GAAP and in IFRSs and that their respective fair value measurement and disclosure requirements are the same. ASU 2011-04 is effective for public entities during interim and annual periods beginning after December 15, 2011. Early adoption by public entities is not permitted. The Company does not believe that the adoption of ASU 2011-04 will have a material impact on the Company's consolidated results of operation and financial condition.

Reclassifications
 
Certain reclassifications have been made to the Company’s prior year's consolidated financial statements to conform to the current year’s consolidated financial statement presentation. 

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NOTE 3—INVESTMENT IN AND SALE OF COALOGIX
 
(a) Investment in CoaLogix

On April 8, 2009, the Company entered into a Common Stock Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with CoaLogix, EnerTech and certain members of CoaLogix’s senior management pursuant to which each of the Company and EnerTech agreed to purchase from CoaLogix 781,111 shares of common stock for a purchase price of $5,624 each, and certain members of CoaLogix’s senior management agreed to purchase 36,111 shares of common stock of CoaLogix for an aggregate purchase price of $259 for a total of $11,507.  The Purchase Agreement provides that the Company, EnerTech and senior management will purchase such shares of common stock in stages as funding is needed by CoaLogix for plant expansion, technology development, legal expenses and computer software.  Prior to the investments by EnerTech and certain members of CoaLogix’s senior management, the Company owned 85% of CoaLogix. Following completion of all the stages of the stock purchase under the Purchase Agreement, the Company owned approximately 72.3% of CoaLogix.
 
In 2009, CoaLogix issued capital calls of $5,620 of which the Company’s share was $2,747. Such capital calls were funded by the Company ($2,747), EnerTech ($2,747) and CoaLogix’ senior management ($126). At December 31, 2009, the Company’s interest in CoaLogix was diluted to approximately 77.4% as a result of these capital calls. In accordance with applicable accounting principles, the Company recorded an increase of $596 in additional paid-in-capital as a result of the $2,873 investment by non-controlling interests.
 
In 2010, CoaLogix issued capital calls of $5,887 of which the Company's share was $2,877. Such capital calls were funded by the Company ($2,877), EnerTech ($2,877) and CoaLogix’ senior management ($133). At December 31, 2010, the Company’s interest in CoaLogix was diluted to approximately 72.3% as a result of these capital calls. In accordance with applicable accounting principles, the Company recorded an increase of $587 in additional paid-in-capital as a result of the $3,010 investment by non-controlling interests in 2010. As of December 31, 2010, the Company owned approximately 65% of CoaLogix on a fully diluted basis.
 
The non-controlling interests’ share of CoaLogix’s net loss in the years ending December 31, 2009 and 2010 and the period from January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011 was $626, $67 and $540, respectively.

(b) Sale of CoaLogix
On August 31, 2011 (the “Closing Date”), the Company completed its sale of its majority owned CoaLogix Inc. subsidiary (“CoaLogix”) pursuant to a Stock Purchase  Agreement (the "Stock Purchase Agreement") with EnerTech Capital Partners III L.P., certain management employees of the CoaLogix subsidiary (collectively with the Company, the "Sellers"), CoaLogix and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc. (the "Buyer"), pursuant to which the Sellers sold all the outstanding capital stock of CoaLogix to the Buyer for $101 million (subject to certain adjustments) in cash.  The Company owned approximately 65% of CoaLogix on a fully diluted basis and received $61,915 in consideration for its CoaLogix shares, of which $5,961 was deposited in an escrow account to secure possible indemnification claims which the Company expects to be released to it within one year from the Closing Date and $347 was deposited in an escrow account against a possible working capital shortfall and which was released to the Company in the fourth quarter of 2011.
In connection with the sale of the Company's shares of common stock of CoaLogix, the Company recorded a gain of $46,974 (included in the gain is $485 which was received as part of an additional working capital adjustment in the fourth quarter of 2011). The Company also recorded income taxes of $15,971 based on a Federal income tax rate of 34%. The net gain of $31,003 is reflected in the Company's Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations as a “Gain on the sale of discontinued operations”. Concurrently, the Company recorded an income tax benefit of approximately $14,571 with respect to the recognition of previously unrecognized deferred tax assets primarily associated with previous years' net losses.
Assets and liabilities related to the discontinued operations of CoaLogix are as follows:


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December 31, 2010
 
August 31, 2011
Current assets:
 
 
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
807

 
$
284

Restricted deposits
 
608

 
108

Accounts receivable
 
3,600

 
3,123

Unbilled revenue
 
54

 
587

Inventory
 
3,200

 
4,810

Other current assets
 
1,155

 
3,205

     Total current assets
 
9,424

 
12,117

Property and equipment, net
 
10,453

 
9,781

Intangible assets, net
 
3,961

 
4,233

Goodwill
 
3,714

 
3,714

Other assets
 
70

 
102

       Total assets
 
$
27,622

 
$
29,947

 
 
 
 
 
Current liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Short-term bank credit and current maturities of long-term bank debt
 
$
223

 
$
723

Accounts payable
 
1,969

 
3,046

Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and social benefits
 
512

 
442

Other current liabilities
 
1,668

 
2,753

     Total current liabilities
 
4,372

 
6,964

Long-term liabilities:
 
 
 
 
Long-term debt
 
87

 
1,269

Other long-term liabilities
 
347

 
391

     Total long-term liabilities
 
434

 
1,660

       Total liabilities
 
$
4,806

 
$
8,624


CoaLogix losses for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and the period from January 1, 2011 to the Closing Date reflected as “Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes” in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income. “Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes” in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Income also includes losses of $3,334 and $19,494 from the Company's former Coreworx subsidiary for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively (see Note 5(b)).
Summarized financial information for CoaLogix' operations for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and the period from January 1, 2011 to the Closing Date are presented below:

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Year ended December 31, 2009
 
Year ended December 31, 2010
 
January 1, 2011 to August 31, 2011
Revenues
$
18,099

 
$
21,450

 
$
12,084

Cost of sales
11,803

 
14,333

 
8,837

Gross profit
6,296

 
7,117

 
3,247

Research and development expenses
86

 
166

 
390

Impairments
2,611

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
6,326

 
7,245

 
4,786

   Operating loss
(2,727
)
 
(294
)
 
(1,929
)
Finance expense, net
15

 
15

 
19

   Net loss
(2,742
)
 
(309
)
 
(1,948
)
Net loss attributable to non-controlling interests
626

 
67

 
540

   Net loss attributable to Acorn Energy Inc.
$
(2,116
)
 
$
(242
)
 
$
(1,408
)










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NOTE 4—ACQUISITIONS

(a)
GridSense

(i)           Privatization of GridSense
 
On June 15, 2009, GridSense Systems Inc. (“GSI”) effectively completed a plan which was approved by a majority of GSI's shareholders in February 2009, whereby GSI transferred its grid monitoring business to a newly formed private Australian corporation known as GridSense Pty Ltd. (“GPL”). Concurrently, certain GSI shareholders (including Acorn) transferred their shares to a third party and received shares in GPL. Under the plan, GPL assumed all the debt of GSI including its debt to Acorn. As a result, the Company’s percentage ownership in the grid monitoring business increased from approximately 23% (in GSI) to approximately 30% of the newly formed Australian corporation (GPL).  The Company recorded no gain or loss on the privatization transaction. The carrying value of the Company’s investment in GPL was zero as was the carrying value of the Company’s investment in GSI prior to the going private transaction.
 
(ii)           Acquisition of the Balance of GPL

On November 4, 2009, the Company entered into a binding Letter of Intent with GPL and the principal shareholders of GPL.  The final Share Sale Agreement was entered into by and among the Company, GPL (“GridSense”), the GridSense stockholders and certain note holders of GridSense on May 12, 2010. Under the terms of the Share Sale Agreement, the Company acquired the outstanding GridSense shares that were not owned by it (approximately 70%).
 
The total purchase price for the acquisition of the balance GPL of $4,406 was comprised of the following: (1) the market value of the 206,995 shares of Acorn common stock issued to the former stockholders of GridSense ($1,085 - based on the market price of Acorn shares on the date of the transaction in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles); (2) the $882 of cash paid and the market value of the 149,201 shares of Acorn common stock issued ($782) for the purchase of the promissory notes; (3) $594 of cash that was provided to GridSense at closing to pay a stockholder loan; (4) an earn-out based on sales over a certain period which was estimated to be $287 (see below); and (5) $750 of loans provided to GridSense in 2009 ($550) and in 2010 ($200) in contemplation of the acquisition and accrued interest ($26) on those loans.
 
Under the Share Sale Agreement, the Company agreed to pay an earn-out to the stockholders of GridSense as part of the consideration for their shares.  To the extent that GridSense’s sales for the period April 1, 2010 through March 31, 2011 exceed $4,384, the Company will pay the GridSense stockholders an amount equal to 50% of that excess, up to $2,435, multiplied by 69.86% (representing their ownership interest in GridSense) for a maximum earn-out payment of $1,701.  The Company has the option of paying any earn-out in cash and/or shares of its common stock and has estimated this amount to be $287, which is included in the purchase price above. In the fourth quarter of 2010, the Company estimated that no earn-out would be paid and the earn-out, accordingly, was reduced to zero, with the credit being recorded to selling, general and administrative expense.
 
In connection with the acquisition of GridSense, the Company recorded a gain of $1,327 on the step-up of the Company’s previous carrying value of its investment in GridSense to fair value in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles for step acquisitions.
 
The transaction was accounted for as a purchase business combination. GridSense’s results from operations for the period from acquisition (May 12, 2010) to December 31, 2010 have been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.
 
In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the fair value of GridSense is allocated to GridSense’s identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the date of the completion of the transaction. Based upon a third-party valuation of intangible assets as of that date, the Company allocated the $5,733 of fair value to assets and liabilities as follows:


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Cash
$
124

Inventory
833

Other current assets
482

Property and equipment
71

Other assets
370

Intangible assets
2,314

Goodwill
3,655

Total assets acquired
7,849

 
 

Current liabilities
(2,003
)
Long-term debt
(23
)
Non-current liabilities
(90
)
Fair value acquired
$
5,733

 
 

Total purchase price
$
4,406

Previous carrying value of investment

Gain on step-up of fair value of prior ownership interest
1,327

 
$
5,733

 
Intangible assets with estimated useful lives are amortized over that period. The acquired intangible assets with useful lives include approximately $1,793 for the estimated market value of GridSense technologies, (weighted average estimated useful life of 11 years), $253 for the estimated market values of acquired customer relationships (estimated useful life of 10 years), $187 for the estimated market value of the GridSense trade name (estimated useful life of 15 years) and $81 for the estimated market value on non-compete agreements (estimated useful life of three years). The goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. The intangible assets and the goodwill acquired were assigned to the Company’s new GridSense segment. See Note 12(a) with respect to the impairment of goodwill associated to GridSense recorded by the Company in 2010.
 
(iii)           Acquisition of OMI by GridSense
 
On May 20, 2010, GridSense acquired the assets of On-Line Monitoring Inc. (“OMI”), a manufacturer of on-line substation monitoring equipment based in Exton, PA.
 
Under the terms of the Asset Purchase Agreement, GridSense acquired all the assets (including receivables, inventory, equipment and intellectual property) and assumed certain liabilities of OMI as defined. The net liabilities assumed by GridSense in the transaction were $352. In addition, GridSense agreed to pay to the seller of OMI an incremental sales payment equal to the dollar amount of orders received for OMI products for the period from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 which is in excess of $450. In accordance with the Asset Purchase Agreement, the incremental sales payment could be no more than $200. The Company estimated the incremental sales payment to be $50, and accordingly, the purchase price of OMI was $402. No incremental sales payment was due based upon the sales for OMI products during the period from July 1, 2010 to June 30, 2011 and accordingly, the Company reduced its liability for the incremental sales payment to zero, with the credit being recorded to selling, general and administrative expense.
 
The transaction was accounted for as a purchase business combination. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the purchase price of $402 of OMI was allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the date of the completion of the transaction. The Company has allocated the fair value as follows:
 

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Accounts receivable
$
16

Inventory
23

Equipment
41

Intangible assets
322

Total assets acquired
402

 
 

Current liabilities
(352
)
Estimated earn-out payment
(50
)
Total liabilities acquired
$
(402
)
 
The acquired intangible assets with estimated useful lives is comprised of approximately $222 for the estimated fair market value of OMI’s intellectual property (estimated useful life of five years) and $100 for non-compete agreements to certain employees (estimated useful life of three years). The intangible assets acquired were assigned to the Company’s new GridSense segment.
 
(b)
U.S. Seismic Systems, Inc. ("USSI") (formerly known as U.S. Sensor Systems, Inc.)

On November 27, 2009, the Company signed a term sheet with USSI, whereby subject to definitive agreements, it agreed to acquire an approximate 4% interest (on a fully diluted basis) in USSI for $200. USSI is a Delaware corporation based in Chatsworth, California. USSI's primary focus is to develop and produce fiber optic sensing systems for the energy and defense markets. 

The Company accounted for its initial investment in USSI under the cost method in accordance with applicable accounting principles.

(i) Acorn Investment and Option Agreements

On February 23, 2010, following its $200 investment in USSI common stock in November 2009, the Company entered into an option agreement with USSI and a related option agreement with certain stockholders of USSI (the “Option Agreements”).  

Immediately following the signing of the Option Agreements, the Company exercised an option and purchased an additional 95,469 shares of USSI on February 23, 2010 for $300. Of the $500 the Company initially paid to USSI with respect to the acquisition of shares and options, the Company has allocated $100 of the purchase price to the value of the options received with the remaining $400 being allocated to the initial 10% investment in USSI imputing a fair value of USSI of $4,100.

Under the terms of the Option Agreements, the Company had the right to acquire up to an additional 254,854 shares of USSI’s common stock for a purchase price of $800 as follows:  

The Company had the right to acquire 95,469 of these shares under the option in consideration for payment of $300 on or before March 31, 2010. (This option was exercised immediately following the signing of the Option Agreements).
The Company had the right to acquire 63,646 of these shares in consideration for payment of $200 on or before May 31, 2010.  (This option was exercised on May 23, 2010)
The Company had the right to acquire an additional 95,469 shares on or before August 27, 2010 in consideration for payment of $300 (This option was exercised in part ($40) on June 14, 2010 and the balance ($260) on August 23, 2010).

On August 23, 2010, the Company acquired 516,378 shares of USSI common stock held by stockholders in consideration for payment to them of $2,229.  The purchase price for these shares was made in the Company’s common stock which was priced on the basis of the average of the daily volume weighted average of the Company’s common stock for the 20 trading days ending on the day that is five days prior to August 23, 2010 (the exercise date).  The Company used its treasury stock as consideration for these shares. The shares of the Company’s common stock issued to the USSI stockholders in consideration for their shares were restricted securities under Securities Act of 1933 and were subject to a lock-up by certificate legend.  All of these shares have been released from the lock-up as at December 31, 2011. Following these option exercises, the Company owned common stock of USSI representing approximately 57.6% of USSI’s capitalization.

Under the Option Agreements, the Company had the right to acquire 1,693,391 additional shares of USSI’s common stock from USSI on or before November 30, 2010 in consideration for payment of $1,500. On November 4, 2010, the Option Agreements were amended such that the Company may exercise options on a monthly basis (November 30, 2010, December 30, 2010, January 31, 2011, February 28, 2011, March 30, 2011 and May 1, 2011) with a payment of $250 per exercise (the “Monthly Options”). The options could only be exercised sequentially, and if the Company did not exercise a particular option, all subsequent options

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would expire.

Through December 31, 2010, the Company exercised the first two of the Monthly Options and the Company owned 1,155,160 shares of USSI’s common stock representing 65.6% of USSI’s capitalization.

If the Company exercised all of the Monthly Options, it would have the right to acquire 1,693,391 additional shares of common stock from USSI (increasing its holdings to 87.4% of USSI's capitalization) on or before May 30, 2011 in consideration for payment of $1,500.

On January 25, 2011 the Company exercised one of its options to increase its investment in USSI and transferred $250 to USSI. On February 9, 2011, the Company exercised additional options and transferred an additional $750 to USSI. Following these option exercises, the Company increased its holdings in USSI to 80.6%. The Company's final option to invest $1,500 in USSI and increase its holdings to 87.4% expired in May 2011. In the period from June to December 2011, the Company advanced USSI $2,000 in contemplation of a new investment agreement. (See Note 26 - Subsequent Events).

In 2010, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company recorded an adjustment of $2,224 to the non-controlling interests balance initially recorded with respect to the Company’s investment in USSI to reflect the updated balance of the non-controlling interests share in USSI to $1,376. The non-controlling interest’s share of USSI’s loss in the year ended December 31, 2010 was $776.

In 2011, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company recorded an adjustment of $600 to the non-controlling interests balance initially recorded with respect to the Company’s investment in USSI to reflect the updated balance of the non-controlling interests share in USSI to $776. The non-controlling interest’s share of USSI’s loss in the year ended December 31, 2011 was $571.


(ii) USSI as a Consolidated Variable Interest Entity

As a result of the above-mentioned investments and option agreements, USSI was deemed a variable interest entity by virtue of the Company's initial $500 investment and the call options that gave the Company control of USSI within a short period of time and were considered "in-the-money".  USSI was dependent upon the Company exercising its options under the Option Agreements for it cash requirements.   The Company considered several factors to determine whether it or another stockholder is the primary beneficiary of the activities of USSI, including the existence of the Company's options in USSI and the likelihood of the Company's exercising those options as well as the level of control and influence the Company has in USSI and USSI's dependence on the Company's exercising its options in order to finance its operations.  Based on those factors, the Company determined that it is most closely associated with USSI and is therefore the primary beneficiary.  Accordingly, the financial results of USSI are included in the Company’s consolidated financial statements effective February 23, 2010 and all amounts pertaining to other stockholders’ interests in USSI are reported as non-controlling interests in subsidiaries. USSI is presented as the Company’s new USSI segment.

The transaction is accounted for as a purchase business combination. USSI’s results from operations for the period from acquisition (February 23, 2010) have been included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations.

In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the $4,100 of initial fair value of USSI is allocated to USSI’s identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the date of the completion of the transaction. The Company has received third-party valuation of intangible assets as of that date, for the purposes of allocating the fair value to assets and liabilities and has allocated the purchase price as follows:


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Cash
$
307

Other current assets
37

Property and equipment
56

Other assets
18

Intangible assets
2,565

Goodwill
1,402

Total assets acquired
4,385

 
 

Current liabilities
(285
)
Fair value acquired
$
4,100

 
The third-party valuation of intangible assets with estimated useful lives are amortized over that period. The acquired intangible assets with useful lives are comprised of approximately $2,565 for the estimated fair market value of USSI's sensor technologies (estimated useful life of 20 years). Neither the goodwill nor the intangibles resulting from the acquisition are deductible for income tax purposes. The goodwill is not amortized for financial statement purposes in accordance with applicable accounting principles. The intangible assets and the goodwill acquired were assigned to the Company’s new USSI segment. Pro-forma information with respect to GridSense, OMI and USSI are not required as they are not material.
 

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NOTE 5—COREWORX
 
(a)  Acquisition of Decision Dynamics Technology Ltd.  

On April 30, 2010, the Company's former subsidiary (see Note 5(b)), Coreworx, completed the acquisition of all of the issued and outstanding common shares of Decision Dynamics Technology Ltd., a Canadian corporation (“Decision Dynamics”), in consideration for issuance of 1,000,000 shares of the Company's common stock to the stockholders of Decision Dynamics.  Decision Dynamics is a provider of capital project controls and cost management software for normal operations and capital projects in the energy industry and, until completion of the acquisition by Coreworx, had been a TSX Venture Exchange-traded company.

The acquisition was structured as a plan of arrangement under the Canada Business Corporations Act and was subject to approval by the holders of at least two-thirds of the outstanding common shares and options of Decision Dynamics, each voting as a separate class, which was obtained at a meeting held on April 27, 2010.  The acquisition was also approved on April 29, 2010 by the Court of Queen's Bench of Alberta, which conducted a hearing upon the fairness of the terms of the transaction.
 
Of the Company's shares issued in connection with completion of the acquisition, approximately 340,000 were escrowed at closing, with one-half released 90 days after the date of closing (July 29, 2010) and the balance to be released 180 days after the date of closing (October 27, 2010).  Subject to such escrow, the shares issued to the Decision Dynamics stockholders are freely tradable under US federal securities laws.  The issuance of the Company’s common stock to the Decision Dynamics stockholders was made without registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, in reliance upon Section 3(a) (10).
 
The transaction was accounted for as a purchase business combination. Decision Dynamics’ results from operations for the period from acquisition (April 30, 2010) were included in the Company’s consolidated statement of operations (see Note 5(b) – Deconsolidation of Coreworx).
 
The purchase price of $5,640 represents the market value of the 1,000,000 shares of Acorn common stock issued to the former stockholders of Decision Dynamics (based on the closing price of Acorn shares on the date of the transaction in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles).
 
The assets and liabilities of Decision Dynamics were required to be adjusted to their fair values.  The fair value of Decision Dynamics is allocated to identifiable tangible and intangible assets and liabilities assumed based on their fair values as of the date of the completion of the transaction. Based upon a third-party valuation of intangible assets as of that date, the Company allocated the $5,640 purchase price to assets and liabilities as follows:
 
Cash
$
1,021

Other current assets
1,149

Property and equipment
339

Intangible assets
1,248

Goodwill
2,476

Total assets acquired
6,233

 
 

Current liabilities
(593
)
Fair value acquired
$
5,640

 
Intangible assets with estimated useful lives are amortized over that period. The acquired intangible assets with useful lives include approximately $367 for the estimated market value of Decision Dynamics’ customer contracts and relationships (estimated useful life of eight years) and approximately $881 for the estimated market value of Decision Dynamics’ software (estimated useful life of 12 years). The goodwill of $2,476 was not amortized for financial statement purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
 
(b)  Deconsolidation of Coreworx

On November 9, 2010, following a decision by the Company’s board of directors to cease providing funding for Coreworx, the Company entered into a letter of intent with Coreworx (the “Letter of Intent”) for the Company to sell all of its common stock in Coreworx to a management buyout group consisting of Coreworx’ management, certain employees and other investors.  On December 17, 2010, the Company and Coreworx entered into agreements (the “MBO Transaction”) to effectuate the terms of the

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Letter of Intent and close on the transactions described therein, which agreements included a Share Exchange Agreement, Debt Conversion Agreement, Amended and Restated Loan Agreement and other ancillary agreements and documents (collectively the “Transaction Documents”).  The Company has not attributed any value to the any of the instruments noted below. Under the terms of the Transaction Documents:  
i.
 
Coreworx’ remaining indebtedness owed to the Company of approximately $5,436 was reduced by $1,436 to $4,000 with the Company exchanging all of its shares of common stock of Coreworx for 10% (or 3,625,209 shares) of the newly issued and outstanding shares of common stock of Coreworx with such shares received by the Company being non-voting shares (“New Coreworx Shares”);
 
ii.
 
The Company received a warrant to acquire 3,625,209 shares of common stock of Coreworx for C$0.10 (US$ 0.10) per share for 5 years from the closing date, Dec. 17, 2010.  The  warrant represent 10% of Coreworx current common stock outstanding.
 
iii.
 
The debt of $4,000 owed by Coreworx to the Company (the “Coreworx Debt”) is non-interest bearing, and the first payment is due January 31, 2012.
 
iv.
 
The Coreworx Debt shall be repaid in an amount equal to 4% of Coreworx’ gross revenues commencing at the date of closing, and payments for the period commencing on the closing date through December 31, 2011 are to be paid in 12 equal monthly installments starting on January 31, 2012 and on the last day of each of the following 11 months.
 
v.
 
The payments of the Coreworx Debt for revenue periods subsequent to Coreworx’ 2011 fiscal year will be payable on a quarterly basis within 45 days following the end of Coreworx’ fiscal quarter-end periods.
 
vi.
 
Following repayment of the Coreworx Debt, Coreworx is to pay the Company a royalty fee (the “Royalty”) equal to 4% of Coreworx’ gross revenues up to a maximum amount of $20,000.
 
vii
 
The Royalty shall be paid on a quarterly basis within 45 days following the end of Coreworx’ fiscal quarter-end periods.
 
vii
 
Coreworx shall pay the Company a restructuring fee of $40 on or before July 1, 2011.
 
Repayment of the Coreworx Debt is secured by a security interest in Coreworx’ intellectual property on a pari passu basis with the other holders of Coreworx’ common stock following closing which necessitated the Company releasing at closing its prior security interest in Coreworx’ other personal property and intangibles.
 
In connection with the sale of the Company’s shares of common stock of Coreworx, the Company recorded a gain of $1,834 as a result of the deconsolidation of Coreworx which is included in Loss from discontinued operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
 
The gain on the deconsolidation of Coreworx is comprised of the following:

A gain of $5,929 on the deconsolidation of Coreworx of assets and liabilities.
A full provision on the Coreworx Debt of $4,000 due the Company from Coreworx following the MBO Transaction as there is significant doubt as to Coreworx' ability to repay the debt.
An estimated $95 of legal fees.

In addition, Coreworx losses of $3,334 and $19,494 for the year ended December 31, 2009 and for the period from January 1, 2010 to December 17, 2010, respectively, are reflected as Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. The Company’s Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in 2010 includes an impairment of the Company’s goodwill and other intangible assets related to Coreworx of $9,474 representing the

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book value of the goodwill ($4,970) and other intangible assets ($4,504) related to Coreworx (see Note 12(b)). The impairments were recorded as at October 31, 2010 following the Company’s decision to stop funding Coreworx and included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

Net assets related to the discontinued operations of Coreworx are as follows:
 
 
December 31,
2009
 
 
Cash and cash equivalents
$
306

Accounts receivable, net
140

Other current assets
519

Total current assets of discontinued operations
965

 
 

Property and equipment, net
151

Intangible assets, net
3,468

Goodwill
2,431

Other assets
23

Total non-current assets of discontinued operations
6,073

Total assets of discontinued operations
$
7,038

 
 

Accounts payable
$
415

Accrued payroll, payroll taxes and social benefits
95

Other current liabilities
1,166

Total current liabilities of discontinued operations
1,676

 
 

Other liabilities
95

Total non-current liabilities of discontinued operations
95

Total liabilities of discontinued operations
$
1,771

 
 

Net assets of discontinued operations
$
5,267

 
Summarized financial information for Coreworx’ operations for the year ended December 31, 2009 and for the period January 1, 2010 to December 17, 2010 are below:
 
 
 
Year
ended
December 31,  2009
 
Period from
January 1–
December 17,
2010
Revenues
 
$
3,999

 
$
3,200

Cost of sales
 
698

 
741

Gross profit
 
3,301

 
2,459

Research and development expenses, net of credits of $1,016 in 2009
 
26

 
2,440

Impairments
 

 
9,474

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
6,489

 
10,036

Operating loss
 
(3,214
)
 
(19,491
)
Finance expense, net
 
145

 
3

Loss before taxes on income
 
(3,359
)
 
(19,494
)
Income tax benefit
 
25

 

Net loss
 
$
(3,334
)
 
$
(19,494
)

The Company did not attribute any value to the 10% holdings retained by the Company following the sale of its stake in

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Coreworx on December 17, 2010, the warrants to acquire an additional 10% of Coreworx, the $4,000 of Coreworx Debt or the $40 restructuring fee due from Coreworx on July 1, 2011.

On October 31, 2011, the Company sold its 10% stake in Coreworx and the entire $4,000 of Coreworx Debt, its right to future royalties and the $40 restructuring fee (which was at the time still unpaid) back to Coreworx for $100. The Company recorded a $64 gain (net of income taxes of $34) on the transaction in Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company's Consolidated Statements of Operations. The Company still retains its warrants to acquire 10% of Coreworx.


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  NOTE 6—INVESTMENT IN COMVERGE
 
During the year ended December 31, 2009, the Company sold all of the 502,500 Comverge shares it held at the beginning of 2009.  The Company received proceeds of $3,990 (including $112 received from covered-call options) and recorded a pre-tax gain of $1,403 on the sale of these shares. The $125 that was included in accumulated other comprehensive loss at December 31, 2008 was eliminated following the sale of the Comverge shares in 2009.
 

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NOTE 7—OTHER INVESTMENTS
 
(a)
EnerTech Capital Partners

In August 2007, the Company committed to invest up to $5,000 over a ten-year period in EnerTech, a proposed $250 million venture capital fund targeting early and expansion stage energy and clean energy technology companies that can enhance the profits of the producers and consumers of energy.  Through November 2010, the Company funded $3,050 of its $5,000 investment commitment in EnerTech and owned approximately 5.7% of EnerTech. The Company accounted for its investment in EnerTech under the cost method in accordance with applicable accounting principles. In December 2010, the Company sold its investment in EnerTech and received proceeds of $1,116. Accordingly, the Company recorded a loss of $1,821 on the sale. As a result of the sale, the Company no longer has any commitment to fund capital calls in EnerTech.
 
The following table summarizes the Company's investment in EnerTech.
 
 
Gross  Carrying
Amount
Balance at December 31, 2008
$
1,117

Capital calls during the year ended December 31, 2009
1,000

Impairments recorded during the year ended December 31, 2009

(80
)
Balance at December 31, 2009
2,037

Capital calls during the year ended December 31, 2010
900

Proceeds from sale
(1,116
)
Loss on sale
(1,821
)
Balance at December 31, 2010
$


During 2010, the Company received a distribution from EnerTech of $135 which is reflected in the Consolidated Statements of Operations as distributions received from EnerTech.

(b)
Paketeria

The Company accounted for its investment in Paketeria using the equity method in accordance with applicable accounting principles.  As a result of the losses recorded in the year ended December 31, 2008, the Company’s net investment in Paketeria was written down to zero.
 
In the third quarter of 2009, liquidation proceedings began with respect to Paketeria. As a result of the liquidation proceedings, the Company eliminated the previously recorded cumulative translation adjustment of $263 associated with the investment in Paketeria and recognized that amount as share of income in Paketeria. In the fourth quarter of 2009, the Company sold its investment in Paketeria for a nominal amount.

(c)
HangXing

In March 2011, the Company sold its 25% interest in HangXing International Automation Engineering Co. Ltd. (“HangXing”) back to the majority owner, China Aero-Polytechnology Establishment for $492 ($454 net of taxes withheld). HangXing is a value-added reseller for PLC based industrial automation systems for steel manufacturing. Acorn’s investment of approximately $250 in HangXing was made in 1995. The investment was entirely written-off in 1999.



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NOTE 8—NON-CONTROLLING INTERESTS
 
The composition of the net loss attributable to non-controlling interests (“NCI”) is as follows:
 
 
 
Year ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Net (income) attributable to NCI in DSIT
 
$
(206
)
 
$
(181
)
 
$
(22
)
Net loss attributable to NCI in USSI
 

 
776

 
571

Net loss attributable to NCI
 
$
(206
)
 
$
595

 
$
549

 

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NOTE 9—INVENTORY

 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
Raw materials
 
$
507

 
$
1,663

Work-in-process
 
18

 
481

Finished goods
 
589

 

 
 
$
1,114

 
$
2,144


The Company had no reserves on its inventory at either December 31, 2010 or 2011.

 

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NOTE 10—OTHER CURRENT ASSETS
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
Prepaid expenses and deposits
 
$
169

 
$
284

Taxes receivable
 

 
504

Employee advances
 
65

 
132

Derivative assets
 
93

 

Other
 
6

 
2

 
 
$
333

 
$
922

 

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NOTE 11—PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT, NET
 
Property and equipment consists of the following:
 
 
 
Estimated Useful Life  (in years)
 
As of December 31,
 
 
 
 
2010
 
2011
Cost:
 
 
 
 

 
 

Computer hardware and software
 
2 - 5
 
$
616

 
$
779

Equipment
 
4 - 10
 
471

 
700

Vehicles
 
3
 
16

 
40

Leasehold improvements
 
Term of
lease
 
387

 
410

 
 
 
 
1,490

 
1,929

Accumulated depreciation and amortization
 
 
 
 

 
 

Computer hardware and software
 
 
 
445

 
547

Equipment
 
 
 
245

 
367

Vehicles
 
 
 
5

 
15

Leasehold improvements
 
 
 
305

 
365

 
 
 
 
1,000

 
1,294

Property and equipment, net
 
 
 
$
490

 
$
635


Depreciation and amortization in respect of property and equipment amounted to $140, $219 and $317 for 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 

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NOTE 12—GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS
 
(a) Goodwill
 
The changes in the carrying amounts of goodwill by segment from December 31, 2009 to December 31, 2011 were as follows:
 
 
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions segment
 
GridSense segment
 
USSI segment
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2009
 
$
534

 
$

 
$

 
$
534

Goodwill recorded in the acquisition of GridSense
(see Note 4(a)(ii))
 

 
3,655

 

 
3,655

Goodwill recorded in the acquisition of USSI
(see Note 4(b)(ii))
 

 

 
1,402

 
1,402

Translation adjustment
 
34

 
220

 

 
254

Goodwill impairment
 

 
(1,166
)
 

 
(1,166
)
Balance as of December 31, 2010
 
568

 
2,709

 
1,402

 
4,679

Translation adjustment
 
(41
)
 
(1
)
 
 
 
(42
)
Balance as of December 31, 2011
 
$
527

 
$
2,708

 
$
1,402

 
$
4,637



As required, the Company performs an annual impairment test of recorded goodwill (during the fourth quarter of each year), or more frequently if impairment indicators or triggering events are present. In September 2011, the FASB issued guidance that simplified how entities test for goodwill impairment. This guidance permits entities to first assess qualitative factors to determine whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount as a basis for determining whether it is necessary to perform a two-step goodwill impairment test. We early adopted this guidance for our annual goodwill impairment test that was conducted in the fourth quarter of 2011. In 2010, when performing the two-step goodwill impairment test, the fair value of the goodwill of each segment was determined by using a discounted cash flow methodology based on projections of the amounts and timing of future revenues and cash flows, assumed discount rates and other assumptions as deemed appropriate.

In performing the 2011 goodwill impairment test for each of our reporting units, we assessed the relevant qualitative factors and concluded that it is more likely than not that the fair values of our reporting units are greater than their carrying amounts. After reaching this conclusion, no further testing was performed. The qualitative factors we considered included, but were not limited to, general economic conditions, industry and market conditions, pipeline and backlog, our recent and forecasted financial performance and the price of the Company's common stock.

In April, 2010, the Company recorded goodwill of $2,476 associated with Coreworx’ acquisition of Decision Dynamics (see Note 5(a)). In October 2010, The Company recorded an impairment of the Company’s goodwill ($4,970) related to Coreworx (see Note 5(b)). The impairment was recorded at October 31, 2010 following the Company’s decision to stop funding Coreworx which was deemed to be a triggering event. The impairment associated with Coreworx is comprised of the $2,476 of goodwill associated with Decision Dynamics, $2,431 of goodwill associated with Coreworx (acquired in 2008) and $63 of cumulative translation adjustments. The impairment of $4,970 is included in Loss from Discontinued Operations in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income. In addition, in 2010, as a result of the annual impairment test of the goodwill recorded with respect to the Company’s GridSense reporting unit, the Company recorded a goodwill impairment charge of $1,166. The impairment test was based upon expected discounted cash flows from the Company’s GridSense reporting unit.

No impairment was recorded in the year ended December 31, 2009.
 
(b) Intangibles
 
(i)           Discontinued operations - Coreworx

On April 23, 2009, the Company’s former Coreworx subsidiary signed an agreement with ProExecute LLC for the rights to its Contract Management Solution technology (“ProExecute”). The Company determined that the acquisition of ProExecute should

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be recorded as a business combination under applicable accounting principles, as Coreworx acquired substantially all of the net assets of the ProExecute business including its core intellectual property, full use of ProExecute’s physical assets, as well as the access to all intellectual knowledge. In accordance with applicable accounting principles, the Company recorded the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed (including any contractual contingencies) measured at their fair values as of the date of acquisition. The Company determined that the fair value of the acquired assets on the date of acquisition was $99, all of which was allocated to license technology – an amortizable intangible asset. This asset was being amortized over a 30-month period until the deconsolidation of Coreworx (see Note 5(b)) and was included in the Company’s Coreworx segment.
 
In April, 2010, the Company recorded intangibles of $1,248 associated with Coreworx’ acquisition of Decision Dynamics (see Note 5(a)). In October 2010, The Company recorded an impairment of the Company’s intangibles ($4,504) related to Coreworx (see Note 5(b)). The impairment was recorded as at October 31, 2010 following the Company’s decision to stop funding Coreworx which was deemed to be a triggering event. The impairment associated with Coreworx is comprised of the $1,248 of intangibles associated with Decision Dynamics (net of accumulated amortization of $97), $3,841 of intangibles associated with Coreworx (net of accumulated amortization of $583) and $95 of cumulative translation adjustments. The impairment of $4,504 is included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.

(ii)           Discontinued operations - CoaLogix
 
In May 2008, the Company’s CoaLogix subsidiary entered into a strategic alliance and license agreement with Solucorp Industries, Ltd. (“Solucorp”) pursuant to which CoaLogix obtained exclusive, worldwide commercialization and marketing rights to Solucorp’s IFS-2C technology ("MetalliFix") for use in applications which remove heavy metals, such as mercury, from power plant emissions. The agreement had a term of ten years, with an option in favor of CoaLogix to renew for an additional five-year period. In consideration for its rights under the agreement, CoaLogix paid a license fee of $2,000 and agreed to pay royalties on net sales of, and to share a portion of any royalties received in respect of, licensed product with Solucorp based on specified formula. The license fee of $2,000 was included in the intangibles of the Company's CoaLogix segment. On December 31, 2009, the Company recorded an impairment charge of $1,672 associated with the unamortized balance of the Solucorp license. Such impairment is included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (see Note 3(b)).

In 2010, CoaLogix signed an agreement to acquire a license to use certain technology developed by a third-party for $82. CoaLogix was amortizing the license over its estimated useful life of 115 months. The license agreement was terminated by CoaLogix in May 2011. Accordingly, CoaLogix wrote-off the $74 unamortized balance of the license. Such impairment is included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (see Note 3(b)).

(iii)           Summary
 
The changes in the carrying amounts of and accumulated amortization of intangible assets from December 31, 2009 to December 31, 2011 were as follows:


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Energy &
Security Sonar
Solutions
segment
 
GridSense segment
 
USSI segment
 
 
 
 
Naval
Technologies
 
Software and
Customer
Relationships
 
Sensor
Technologies
 
 
 
 
Cost
 
A.A.*
 
Cost
 
A.A.*
 
Cost
 
A.A.*
 
Total
Balance as of December 31, 2008
 
$
523

 
$
(48
)
 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$

 
$
475

Amortization
 

 
(78
)
 

 

 

 

 
(78
)
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
4

 
(2
)
 

 

 

 

 
2

Balance as of December 31, 2009
 
527

 
(128
)
 

 

 

 

 
399

Intangibles recorded in the acquisition of USSI (see Note 4(b)(ii))
 

 

 

 

 
2,565

 

 
2,565

Intangibles recorded in the acquisition of GridSense (see Note 4(a)(ii))
 

 

 
2,314

 

 

 

 
2,314

Intangibles recorded in the acquisition of OMI (see Note 4(a)(iii))
 

 

 
322

 

 

 

 
322

Amortization
 

 
(65
)
 

 
(212
)
 

 
(107
)
 
(384
)
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
33

 
(14
)
 
111

 
(7
)
 

 

 
123

Balance as of December 31, 2010
 
560

 
(207
)
 
2,747

 
(219
)
 
2,565

 
(107
)
 
5,339

Amortization
 

 
(81
)
 

 
(323
)
 

 
(128
)
 
(532
)
Cumulative translation adjustment
 
(41
)
 
14

 
1

 
(1
)
 

 

 
(27
)
Balance as of December 31, 2011
 
$
519

 
$
(274
)
 
$
2,748

 
$
(543
)
 
$
2,565

 
$
(235
)
 
$
4,780

 
*    Accumulated amortization
 
All intangible assets are being amortized over their estimated useful lives, whose weighted average lives were estimated to be seven years for Naval Technologies, ten years for GridSense Software and Customer Relationships and twenty years for USSI Sensor Technologies.
 
Amortization in respect of intangible assets amounted to $1,086, $1,246 and $939 for 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively (such amortization includes amounts associated with discontinued operations of $1,008, $862 and $405 for 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively).
 
Amortization expense with respect to intangible assets is estimated to be $528, $480, $464, $352 and $341 for each of the years ending December 31, 2012 through 2016.
 

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NOTE 13—IMPAIRMENTS
 
Impairments are composed of the following:

 
 
Years ended
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Impairment of investment in EnerTech
 
$
81

 
$

 
$

Impairment of GridSense goodwill (see Note 12(a))
 

 
1,166

 

 
 
$
81

 
$
1,166

 
$

 
Impairments included in Discontinued Operations

During 2009, CoaLogix engaged an outside firm to assist CoaLogix with the determination of the economic viability of MetalliFix. On December 18, 2009, the outside firm issued its assessment that MetalliFix is not economically viable and not competitive with other commercial products for mercury control that are currently available. On December 30, 2009, the management of CoaLogix determined that a material impairment of MetalliFix had occurred. Accordingly, CoaLogix recorded an impairment charge of the remaining unamortized balance of the Solucorp license ($1,672) as well as associated assets (chemicals - $383 and prepaid chemicals - $317).
 
In 2008, CoaLogix lent $200 to Environmental Energy Services, Inc. (“EES”) on a convertible promissory note in contemplation of the acquisition by CoaLogix of the assets of EES. CoaLogix did not enter into a definitive agreement with EES by the target date provided for in the convertible promissory note and did not intend to proceed with the acquisition. In the fourth quarter of 2009, CoaLogix recorded an impairment charge on the loan balance ($200) and accrued interest ($40).
 
The impairment of goodwill and other intangible assets associated with the Company’s discontinued operations in Coreworx ($9,474) and the impairment of the Coreworx Debt ($4,000) are not reflected above as they are included in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Income.
 

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NOTE 14—BANK DEBT AND OTHER DEBT
 
(a)
Lines of credit

The Company's DSIT subsidiary has lines-of-credit of approximately $1,046 from two Israeli banks (approximately $523 at each bank), of which $510 (net) was being used at December 31, 2011.  The lines-of-credit are subject to certain financial covenants. DSIT was in compliance with its financial covenants at December 31, 2011. The line-of-credit at one bank expires on September 4, 2012. The line-of-credit at the second bank formally expired on February 29, 2012. The Company is currently negotiating terms of renewal. The lines-of-credit are denominated in NIS and bears interest at a weighted average rate of the Israeli prime rate per annum plus 2.50%. The Israeli prime rate as of December 31, 2011 was 4.25% (December 31, 2010, 3.5%).


(b)
Bank Debt

On December 31, 2009, the Company's DSIT subsidiary took a loan from an Israeli bank in the amount of $530. The loan is denominated in NIS and bears interest at the rate of the Israeli prime rate per annum plus 0.9%. The loan is to be repaid over a period of 48 months of equal payments of approximately $12 per month (principal and interest). Principal payments with respect to the loan are $133 and $141 for each of the years ending December 31, 2012 and 2013, respectively. As a security for this loan, DSIT has deposited with the Israeli bank $78, reflected as a non-current restricted deposit on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets.

(c)
Other Debt

During 2010, the CEO and a director of the Company’s GridSense subsidiary lent GridSense $50 and $75, respectively. The loan from the director bears interest at 8% per year while the loan from the CEO bears no interest. During 2010, $12 was repaid to GridSense’s CEO while no repayments were made to the director. During 2011, the remaining $38 was paid to the CEO and and $65 of principal and $1 of interest was paid to the director. The remaining $10 due to the director is expected to be paid in 2012.

(d)
Debt summary
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
Lines of credit
 
$
1,067

 
$
510

Bank debt
 
431

 
274

Other debt
 
112

 
10

Capital lease obligations
 

 
24

Total debt
 
1,610

 
818

Less: Lines-of-credit
 
(1,067
)
 
(510
)
Less: Current portion of debt
 
(241
)
 
(167
)
Long-term debt
 
$
302

 
$
141

 
With respect to DSIT’s line-of-credit (see (a) above), a lien in favor of the Israeli bank was placed on DSIT’s assets.  In addition, the Company has guaranteed DSIT’s line-of-credit.


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NOTE 15—OTHER CURRENT LIABILITIES
 
Other current liabilities consist of the following:
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
Taxes payable
 
$
685

 
$
475

Advances from customers
 

 
2,876

Accrued expenses
 
2,580

 
1,504

Dividends payable
 

 
876

Warranty provision
 
56

 
37

Deferred taxes
 
75

 
1,578

Other
 
32

 
74

 
 
$
3,428

 
$
7,420

 

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NOTE 16—ACCRUED SEVERANCE AND SEVERANCE ASSETS
 
(a) Israeli labor law and certain employee contracts generally require payment of severance pay upon dismissal of an employee or upon termination of employment in certain other circumstances.  The Company has recorded under liability for employee termination benefits the amount that would be paid if all its Israeli employees were dismissed at the balance sheet date, on an undiscounted basis, in accordance with Israeli labor law.  This liability is computed based upon the employee’s number of years of service and salary components, which in the opinion of management create entitlement to severance pay in accordance with labor agreements in force. The liability is reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as accrued severance.
 
The liability is partially funded by sums deposited in dedicated funds in respect of employee termination benefits and is reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets as severance assets.  For certain Israeli employees, the Company’s liability is covered mainly by regular contributions to defined contribution plans.  These funded amounts are not reflected in the balance sheets, since they are not under the control and management of the Company.
 
(b) Severance pay expenses amounted to approximately, $244, $382 and $380 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 
(c) The Company expects to contribute approximately $318 in respect of its severance pay obligations in the year ending December 31, 2012.
 
(d) The Company does not expect to pay any future benefits to its employees upon their normal retirement age during the years 2012 and 2013 and expects to pay $1,742 during the years 2014 to 2021. These amounts do not include amounts that might be paid to employees that will cease working with the Company before their normal retirement age. The liability as at December 31, 2011 for future benefit payments in the next ten years is included under liability for employee termination benefits. The liability for future benefits has not been reduced to reflect any amounts already deposited in dedicated funds with respect to those employees.  The amounts due were determined based on the employees’ current salary rates and the number of service years that will be accumulated upon their retirement date.


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NOTE 17—COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
 
(a)
Leases of Property and Equipment
Office rental and automobile leasing expenses, for 2009, 2010 and 2011, were $513, $662 and $871 respectively.  The Company and its subsidiaries lease office space, cars and equipment under operating lease agreements.  Those leases will expire on different dates from 2012 to 2015. Future minimum lease payments on non-cancelable operating leases as of December 31, 2011 are as follows:
 
Years ending December 31,
 
2012
$
719

2013
493

2014
275

2015
163

2016
19

2017 and thereafter

 
$
1,669

(b)
Guarantees

The Company’s DSIT subsidiary provides various performance, advance and tender guarantees as required in the normal course of its operations.  As at December 31, 2011, such guarantees totaled approximately $5,565 with $4,430 due to expire in 2011 and the remaining $1,135 in 2013.  As a security for these guarantees, DSIT has deposited with an Israeli bank $2,416 as restricted deposits ($2,223 as current restricted deposits and $193 as non-current restricted deposits) on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. 
  
See Note 14(d) with respect to guarantees on the Company’s lines of credit.
 


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NOTE 18—EQUITY
 
(a)
General

At the annual meeting of stockholders on June 10, 2010, the Company’s stockholders approved an amendment to its Certificate of Incorporation to increase the number of authorized shares of capital stock from 20,000,000 shares to 30,000,000 shares, all of which shall be Common Stock. The increase in authorized shares was done pursuant to a Certificate of Amendment to the Certificate of Incorporation filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on, and effective as of, June 15, 2010.
 
At December 31, 2011 the Company had issued and outstanding 17,523,609 shares of its common stock, par value $0.01 per share. Holders of outstanding common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the Board and to share ratably in the assets of the Company legally available for distribution in the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company. Holders of common stock do not have subscription, redemption, conversion or other preemptive rights. Holders of the common stock are entitled to elect all of the Directors on the Company’s Board.  Holders of the common stock do not have cumulative voting rights, meaning that the holders of more than 50% of the common stock can elect all of the Company’s Directors.  Except as otherwise required by Delaware General Corporation Law, all stockholder action is taken by vote of a majority of shares of common stock present at a meeting of stockholders at which a quorum (a majority of the issued and outstanding shares of common stock) is present in person or by proxy or by written consent pursuant to Delaware law (other than the election of Directors, who are elected by a plurality vote).

  The Company is not authorized to issue preferred stock.  Accordingly, no preferred stock is issued or outstanding.
 
(b) Dividends

On October 17, 2011, the Board of Directors of the Company approved the payment of a quarterly dividend of $0.035 per share and a 2011 year-end declaration of a special dividend of $0.05 per share.

The quarterly dividend was paid on November 28, 2011 ($614) to common shareholders of record on November 16, 2011. The special year-end dividend ($876) was paid on January 9, 2012 to stockholders of record on December 30, 2011. The special year-end dividend is reflected in the Company's year end Consolidated Balance Sheet in Other Current Liabilities (see Note 15). (See Note 26 - Subsequent Events.)

(c)
Capital Raise

(i)           March 2010 Capital Raise
 
On March 8, 2010, the Company completed a registered direct offering through a placement agent of 2,231,818 shares of its common stock pursuant to separate subscription agreements between the Company and each of the investors at $5.50 per share to certain accredited investors for gross proceeds of approximately $12,275. The aggregate net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the placement agent’s fee and the offering expenses payable by the Company in connection with the offering, was $11,467.
 
(ii)           December 2010 Capital Raise
 
On December 17, 2010, the Company entered into a Placement Agent Agreement (the “Placement Agent Agreement”) related to a registered direct offering of up to 1,150,000 shares of its common stock.  Under the terms of the transaction and pursuant to separate subscription agreements between the Company and each of the investors, the Company sold the common stock at $3.50 per share for gross proceeds of $4,027.  The Placement Agent Agreement provided for the payment of a placement agent fee equal to 7% ($282) of the gross proceeds of the offering, plus a warrant exercisable for an additional 80,500 shares (see Note 18(i)). The aggregate net proceeds from the offering, after deducting the placement agent’s fee and expenses in connection with the offering, was $3,709.
 
(d)
Summary Employee Option Information

The Company’s stock option plans provide for the grant to officers, directors and other key employees of options to purchase shares of common stock.  The purchase price may be paid in cash or at the end of the option term, if the option is "in-the-money", it is automatically exercised "net" . In a net exercise of an option, the Company does not require a payment of the exercise price of the option from the optionee, but reduces the number of shares of common stock issued upon the exercise of the option by the smallest number of whole shares that has an aggregate fair market value equal to or in excess of the aggregate exercise price for

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the option shares covered by the option exercised.  Each option is exercisable to one share of the Company’s common stock.  Most options expire within five to ten years from the date of the grant, and generally vest over three year period from the date of the grant. At December 31, 2011, 876,334 options were available for grant under the 2006 Amended and Restated  Stock Incentive Plan and 76,667 options were available for grant under the 2006 Director Plan. In 2009, 2010 and 2011, all options granted to non-employees were from the 2006 Amended and Restated Stock Incentive Plan which permits grants to non-employees.

In connection with the stock option exercises during the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company received proceeds of $273, $159 and $211, respectively.  During the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, all 257,168, 67,500 and 231,831 shares issued in connection with option exercises were newly issued shares. The intrinsic value of options exercised in 2009, 2010 and 2011 were $1,592, $247 and $707, respectively. The intrinsic value of options outstanding and options exercisable at December 31, 2011 was $2,631 and $2,513, respectively.

During 2011, 148,165 options were exercised and 304,167 options were forfeited in connection with the “net exercise” of 452,332 options. The 452,332 options which were exercised under this method had a weighted average exercise price exercise price of $2.69. In addition, during 2011, 83,666 options were exercised for cash. Such options had a weighted average exercise price exercise price of $2.51.
 
Of the 359,500, 235,000 and 141,666 options the Company granted to employees in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively, 300,000, 95,000 and 141,666 options were granted to employees who were related parties (directors and executive officers) under various option plans.  During 2009, 224,668 options were exercised by related parties and 46,667 options were forfeited. During 2010, 67,500 options were exercised by related parties and 120,000 options were forfeited. During 2011, 159,779 options were exercised by related parties and 351,221 options were forfeited. As of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the number of outstanding options held by the related parties was 1,547,165, 1,574,665 and 1,199,999 options, respectively.
 
The weighted average grant-date fair value of the options granted during 2009 , 2010 and 2011, amounted to $1.47, $3.47 and $2.17 per option, respectively. The Company utilized the Black-Scholes option-pricing model to estimate fair value, utilizing the following assumptions for the respective years (all in weighted averages):
 
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Risk-free interest rate
 
2.1
%
 
2.8
%
 
1.8
%
Expected term of options, in years
 
5.7

 
6.3

 
5.5

Expected annual volatility
 
70
%
 
68
%
 
62
%
Expected dividend yield
 
None

 
None

 
1.8
%
 

The expected term of the options is the length of time until the expected date of exercising the options.  With respect to determining expected exercise behavior, the Company has grouped its option grants into certain groups in order to track exercise behavior and establish historical rates.  The Company estimated volatility by considering historical stock volatility over the expected term of the option.  The risk-free interest rates are based on the U.S. Treasury yields for a period consistent with the expected term.  Up to October 17, 2011, the Company expected no dividends to be paid.  On October 17, 2011, the Company approved the payment of a quarterly dividend of $0.035 per share and a 2011 year-end declaration of a special dividend of $0.05 per share (see Note 18(b)). The expected dividend yield for 2011 takes into account a quarterly dividend of $0.035 per share on options grants from that date. The Company believes that the valuation technique and the approach utilized to develop the underlying assumptions are appropriate in determining the estimated fair value of the Company’s stock options granted in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011.  Estimates of fair value are not intended to predict actual future events or the value ultimately realized by persons who receive equity awards.
 
(e)
Non-Employee Options

On October 4, 2011, the Company granted an outside consultant an option for the purchase of 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.  The options vest over 90 days, have an exercise price of $5.30 and expire after seven years. The Company used the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of the options granted to the consultant.  The Company used a risk free interest rate of 1.3%, an expected life of seven years, an annual volatility of 62% and no expected dividends to determine the value the options granted.  The Company estimated the fair value of each option granted to be $3.23. The Company recorded $79 to selling, general and administrative expense with respect to the option granted to the consultant in the year ended December 31, 2011.


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In January 2010, the Company granted an outside consultant an option for the purchase of 25,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.  The options vested after twelve months, have an exercise price of $7.38 and expire after seven years. The Company used the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of the options granted to the consultant.  The Company used a risk free interest rate of 3.4%, an expected life of seven years, an annual volatility of 69% and no expected dividends to determine the value the options granted.  The Company estimated the fair value of each option granted to be $5.01. The Company recorded $124 and $1 to selling, general and administrative expense with respect to the option granted to the consultant in the year ended December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively.

In June 2009, the Company granted several outside consultants options for the purchase of a total of 20,000 shares of the Company’s common stock.  The options vested over a period of three years, have an exercise price of $2.56 and expire after seven years.  The Company used the Black-Scholes valuation method to estimate the fair value of the options granted to the consultants.  The Company used a risk free interest rate of 3.3%, an expected life of seven years, an annual volatility of 75% and no expected dividends to determine the value the options granted.  The Company estimated the fair value of each option granted to be $1.83. The Company recorded $13 , $15 and $7 to selling, general and administrative expense with respect to the option granted to the outside consultants in the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 
In the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, the Company included $13, $139 and $87 respectively, of stock-based compensation expense in selling, general and administrative expense in its Consolidated Statements of Operations with respect to options granted to non-employees.
 
(f)
Summary Employee and Non-Employee Option Information

A summary of the Company’s option plans as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, as well as changes during each of the years then ended, is presented below:
 
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
 
Number 
of Options
(in shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
of Options
(in shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
of Options
(in shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
1,876,500

 
$
3.27

 
1,745,165

 
$
3.52

 
1,817,665

 
$
3.69

 
Granted at market price
 
379,500

 
$
2.52

 
260,000

 
$
5.58

 
166,666

 
$
4.63

 
Exercised
 
(257,168
)
 
$
1.06

 
(67,500
)
 
$
2.36

 
(231,831
)
 
$
2.62

 
Forfeited or expired
 
(253,667
)
 
$
2.65

 
(120,000
)
 
$
6.13

 
(364,167
)
 
$
3.00

 
Outstanding at end of year
 
1,745,165

 
$
3.52

 
1,817,665

 
$
3.69

 
1,388,333

 
$
4.17

 
Exercisable at end of year
 
1,421,831

 
$
3.52

 
1,572,455

 
$
3.62

 
1,267,915

 
$
4.08

 
 
Summary information regarding the options outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2011 is as follows:
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable
Range of Exercise Prices
 
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
(in shares)
 
(in years)
 
 
 
(in shares)
 
 
$1.61 – 2.56
 
285,834

 
4.55

 
$
2.10

 
277,916

 
$
2.08

$2.96 – 3.90
 
316,666

 
2.15

 
$
3.48

 
316,666

 
$
3.48

$4.09 – 4.96
 
238,333

 
3.71

 
$
4.54

 
213,333

 
$
4.50

$5.00 – 6.00
 
522,500

 
4.48

 
$
5.39

 
435,000

 
$
5.41

$7.38
 
25,000

 
5.01

 
$
7.38

 
25,000

 
7.38

 
 
1,388,333

 
 

 
 

 
1,267,915

 
 





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Stock-based compensation expense included in the Company’s Statements of Operations was:
 
 
 
Year ended
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Cost of sales
 
$
2

 
$

 
$

Selling, general and administrative expense*
 
676

 
690

 
458

Total stock based compensation expense
 
$
678

 
$
690

 
$
458


* Stock compensation expense in 2011, includes $51 with respect to stock granted to a consultant for the year ended December 31, 2011.
 
In addition to the above amounts, the Company recorded stock compensation expense of $234 and $339 which is including in Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes with respect to Coreworx with respect to the year ended December 31, 2009 and period ending December 17, 2010, respectively. The Company also recorded stock compensation expense of $513, $440 and $176 with respect to CoaLogix operations in the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, and the period ended August 31, 2011, respectively which are also included in the Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes.
 
As at December 31, 2011, the total compensation cost related to non-vested awards not yet recognized was approximately $160 which the Company expects to recognize over a weighted-average period of approximately 1.1 years.
 
(g)
DSIT Stock Option Plan

In November 2006, the Company adopted a Key Employee Stock Option Plan (the “DSIT Plan”) for its DSIT subsidiary to be administrated by a committee of board members of DSIT, currently comprised of the entire board of directors of DSIT. The purpose of the DSIT Plan and associated grants is to provide incentives to key employees of DSIT to further the growth, development and financial success of DSIT.
 
A summary status of the DSIT Plan as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, as well as changes during the years then ended, is presented below (the table below has been adjusted to reflect a 100:1 stock split in 2011) :
 
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
Number
of
Options
(in
shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
of
Options
(in
shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
of
Options
(in
shares)
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
152,400

 
$
1.18

 
152,400

 
$
1.18

 
152,400

 
$
1.18

Granted at fair value
 

 

 

 

 
93,054

 
$
2.45

Exercised
 

 

 

 

 

 

Forfeited
 

 

 

 

 
(4,630
)
 
$
1.09

Outstanding at end of year
 
152,400

 
$
1.18

 
152,400

 
$
1.18

 
240,824

 
1.67

Exercisable at end of year*
 

 

 

 

 

 


* Options vest only upon an exit event for the Company.

On August 10, 2011, DSIT granted options to purchase 93,054 of its ordinary shares to senior management and employees of DSIT at an exercise price of NIS 9.38 ($2.67 at the then exchange rate) per share and exercisable for a period of seven years. These options vest and become exercisable only upon the occurrence of an initial public offering of DSIT or a merger, acquisition, reorganization, consolidation or similar transaction involving DSIT. In addition, DSIT also extended the expiration date of 147,770 previously granted options from December 31, 2013 to August 10, 2018. No other option terms were modified.





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Summary information regarding the options under the Plan outstanding and exercisable at December 31, 2011 is as follows:
 
 
 
Outstanding
 
Exercisable
Range of Exercise
Prices
 
Number
Outstanding
 
Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Life
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
Number
Exercisable
 
Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
 
 
(in shares)
 
(in years)
 
 
 
(in shares)
 
 
$1.05 – $1.26
 
147,770

 
7.6
 
$
1.18

 

 

$2.45
 
93,054

 
7.6
 
$
2.45

 

 

 
 
240,824

 
 
 
$
1.68

 

 

 
If all the options in the DSIT Plan are exercised, the Company’s holdings in DSIT will be diluted from 84% to approximately 71.4%.
 
(h)
DSIT Warrants

As part of the Company’s August 2005 sale of its 68% owned dsIT Technologies subsidiary and its associated outsourcing consulting business, the Company issued to the purchaser a warrant to purchase 10% of DSIT for $200. Such warrant expires in August 2012.
 
 
(i)
Warrants

The Company has issued warrants at exercise prices equal to or greater than market value of the Company’s common stock at the date of issuance.  A summary of warrant activity follows:

 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
Number  of shares underlying warrants
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Number of shares underlying warrants
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
 
Number of shares underlying warrants
 
Weighted Average Exercise Price
Outstanding at beginning of year
 
784,023

 
$
4.06

 
246,904

 
$
4.50

 
313,806

 
$
4.29

Granted
 

 

 
80,500

 
$
3.68

 

 

Exercised
 
(537,119
)
 
$
3.85

 
(13,598
)
 
$
4.50

 

 

Forfeited or expired
 

 

 

 

 

 

Outstanding  and exercisable at end of year
 
246,904

 
$
4.50

 
313,806

 
$
4.29

 
313,806

 
$
4.29

 
Summary information regarding the warrants is as follows:
 
Exercise Price
 
Warrants
Outstanding
 
Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life
 
 
(in shares)
 
(in years)
$3.68
 
80,500
 
4.0
$4.50
 
233,306
 
0.3
 
The 80,500 warrants that were granted in connection with the December 2010 Capital Raise (see Note 18(c)) are exercisable for shares of the Company’s Common Stock for five years at an exercise price of $3.68 per share. The Company allocated $153 to the value of the warrants based on a Black Scholes calculation using a five year expected life, an annual volatility of 59%, a discount rate of 2.0% and no dividends. The value allocated to the warrants was offset against additional paid-in-capital.

The warrants with an exercise price of $4.50 are subject to call for cancellation at the option of the Company on 20 business

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days notice, upon the common stock having achieved a volume weighted average price of $6.00 or more for 20 consecutive trading days.
 
During the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, the Company received proceeds of $2,069 and $61, respectively, from the exercise of warrants. No warrants were exercised in 2011.
 
(j)
Stock Repurchase Program

In October, 2008, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a share repurchase program of up to 1,000,000 shares of its common stock. The share repurchase program will be implemented at management’s discretion from time to time. During 2009, the Company acquired 433,795 shares of its common stock for $1,108.
 
As indicated in Note 4(b), the Company used 473,161 of its treasury shares to acquire shares of USSI. The treasury shares had a basis of $1,791 and a value of $2,229 on the date of the transfer. In accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, the Company recorded an adjustment of $438 to additional paid-in-capital as a result of the transfer of the treasury shares. As at December 31, 2010 and 2011, the Company owned a total of 801,920 of its own shares.


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NOTE 19—FINANCE EXPENSE, NET
 
Finance expense, net consists of the following:
 
 
 
Year ended 
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Interest income
 
$
42

 
$
44

 
$
39

Interest expense
 
(181
)
 
(181
)
 
(198
)
Exchange gain (loss), net
 
68

 
(87
)
 
133

 
 
$
(71
)
 
$
(224
)
 
$
(26
)
 

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NOTE 20—INCOME TAXES
 
(a)
Composition of loss from continuing operations before income taxes is as follows:
 
 
Year ended 
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Domestic
 
$
(2,564
)
 
$
(7,445
)
 
$
(7,053
)
Foreign
 
1,611

 
335

 
(515
)
 
 
$
(953
)
 
$
(7,110
)
 
$
(7,568
)

Income tax expense (benefit) consists of the following:
 
 
 
Year ended 
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Current:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Federal
 
$
(550
)
 
$
190

 
$
1,800

State and local
 

 
(3
)
 
2

Foreign
 
81

 
461

 
88

 
 
(469
)
 
648

 
1,890

Deferred:
 
 

 
 

 
 
Federal
 

 

 
(14,571
)
State and local
 

 

 

Foreign
 
(250
)
 
23

 
(86
)
 
 
(250
)
 
23

 
(14,657
)
Total income tax expense (benefit)
 
$
(719
)
 
$
671

 
$
(12,767
)
 
(b)
Effective Income Tax Rates

Set forth below is reconciliation between the federal tax rate and the Company’s effective income tax rates with respect to continuing operations:
 
 
 
Year ended
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Statutory Federal rates
 
34
%
 
34
 %
 
34
%
Increase (decrease) in income tax rate resulting from:
 
 

 
 

 
 
Tax on foreign activities
 
75

 
(5
)
 
2

Other, net (primarily permanent differences)
 

 
(3
)
 
(2
)
Valuation allowance
 
(34
)
 
(35
)
 
135

Effective income tax rates
 
75
%
 
(9
)%
 
169
%
 
(c)
Analysis of Deferred Tax Assets and (Liabilities)

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As of December 31,
 
 
2010
 
2011
Deferred tax assets consist of the following:
 
 

 
 

Employee benefits and deferred compensation
 
$
1,531

 
$
1,600

Investments and asset impairments
 
5,519

 
63

Other temporary differences
 
569

 
391

Net operating and capital loss carryforwards
 
5,268

 
2,624

 
 
12,887

 
4,678

Valuation allowance
 
(12,522
)
 
(3,843
)
Net deferred tax assets
 
365

 
835

Deferred tax liabilities consist of the following:
 
 

 
 

Revenue recognition timing differences
 
(138
)
 
(539
)
Installment sale on CoaLogix transaction
 
$

 
$
(1,434
)
Net deferred assets (liabilities), net
 
$
227

 
$
(1,138
)

Valuation allowances relate principally net operating loss carryforwards related to the Company's GridSense and USSI subsidiaries and book-tax differences related to stock compensation expense of the Company. The change in the valuation allowance was a decrease of $8,657 in 2011.  The decrease in 2011 was primarily attributable to utilization of net loss carryforwards and losses associated with the Company’s investment in Coreworx.
 
Current deferred tax liabilities (see Note 15) is comprised of deferred taxes on the installment sale on the CoaLogix transaction and revenue recognition timing differences net of other temporary differences at DSIT. Deferred tax assets of $440 included in Other Assets relate to primarily to employee benefits at the Company's DSIT.
 
(d)
Summary of Tax Loss Carryforwards

As of December 31, 2011, the Company had various net operating loss carryforwards expiring as follows:
 
Expiration
 
Federal*
 
State
 
Foreign
2021-2031
 
$
3,114

 
$
7,384

 
$

Unlimited
 

 

 
3,649

Total
 
$
3,114

 
$
7,384

 
$
3,649

 
* The utilization of these net operating loss carryforwards is limited to a total of approximately $243 per year due to limits on utilizing the acquired net operating loss carryforwards under Internal Revenue Service regulations following a change in control.
 
(e)
Taxation in the United States

On October 22, 2004, The American Jobs Creation Act (the “Act”) was signed into law.  The Act includes a deduction of 85% of certain foreign earnings that are repatriated, as defined in the Act.  The Company’s foreign earnings are derived from the Company’s Israeli and Australian subsidiaries.  Due to Israeli tax and company law constraints and DSIT’s own cash and finance needs as well as GridSense’s cash needs, the Company does not expect any foreign earnings to be repatriated to the United States in the near future.
 
As a holding company without other business activity in Delaware, the Company is exempt from Delaware state income tax. Thus, the Company’s statutory income tax rate on domestic earnings is the federal rate of 34%.
  
As a result of the acquisition of the balance of shares of GridSense not previously owned (see Note 4(a)(ii)), the Company began consolidating the U.S. operations of GridSense beginning in May 2010. As a result of the increased holdings in USSI during 2011 (see Note 4(b)(i)), the Company began consolidating the operations of USSI beginning in February 2011.
 
(f)
Taxation in Israel

The income of the Company’s Israeli subsidiaries  taxed at regular rates.  The provisions of the Law for the Amendment the

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Israel Income Tax Ordinance, 2005, which was passed into law in August 2005, prescribe a progressive reduction of corporate tax liability, resulting in the following rates for 2008 and thereafter: 2008 – 27%, 2009 – 26% and for 2010 and thereafter – 25%.
 
On July 23, 2009, the Israel Economic Efficiency Law (Legislation Amendments for Applying the Economic Plan for 2009 and 2010), became effective, stipulating, among other things, an additional gradual decrease in tax rates in 2011 and thereafter, as follows: 2011 – 24%, 2012 – 23%, 2013 – 22%, 2014 – 21%, 2015 – 20% and 2016 and thereafter – 18%.

On October 30, 2011, the Government of Israel adopted the main recommendations of the taxation chapter in the report of the Committee on Social-Economic Change (also known as the Trajtenberg Committee), which were submitted to the government on September 2, 2011. The government resolved, among other things, to set the corporate tax rate to 25% in 2012 and thereafter, instead of 23% in 2012 and a progressive reduction to 18% in 2016, as prescribed by the current legislation. The continued policy of rate reductions will be reconsidered not later than 2014, based on the economic and fiscal conditions of the Israeli economy and global market at that time. On December 5, 2011, the Knesset adopted the committee recommendation and approved the bill to change the tax rate.


(g)
Taxation in Australia

The income of the Company’s GridSense subsidiaries is taxed on their worldwide taxable income at the general corporate tax rate which currently stands at 30%.  In addition, certain research and development expenditures may be eligible for increased deduction as well as a refundable rebate at the option of the company. In a situation where the refundable rebate is available, research and development expenses are not deductible and may create taxable income. Refundable rebates are netted against income tax payable if the company has a taxable income after excluding R&D deductions; otherwise the rebate (or excess rebate over income tax payable) is paid to the company. In the Consolidated Statements of Operations, refundable rebates are netted against research and development expense.

(h)
Uncertain Tax Positions (UTP)

As of December 31, 2010 and 2011, the amount of interest and penalties accrued on the balance sheet was $3 and $19, respectively, and is included in other liabilities.
 
Following is a reconciliation of the total amounts of the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits for the period from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2011:
 
 
 
2010
 
2011
Balance at January 1
 
$
210

 
$
18

   Increases (decreases) in unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest and penalties as a result of tax positions made during the prior period
 
(192
)
 
55

   Decreases in unrecognized tax benefits and associated interest and penalties as a result of tax positions taken during the current period
 

 

Balance at December 31
 
$
18

 
$
73

 
The Company is subject to U.S. Federal and state income tax, Australian income tax and Israeli income tax.  As of January 1, 2012, the Company is no longer subject to examination by U.S. Federal taxing authorities for years before 2008, for years before 2007 for state income taxes, before 2007 for Israeli income taxes and before 2008 for Australian taxes.


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NOTE 21—RELATED PARTY BALANCES AND TRANSACTIONS
 
(a)           The Company paid consulting and other fees to directors of $264 for each the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010, respectively, and $249 in the year ended December 31, 2011, all of which are included in selling, general and administrative expenses.
 
(b)           The Company paid legal fees for services rendered and out-of-pocket disbursements to a firm in which a principal is the son-in-law of one of the Company’s Directors, of approximately $275, $393 and $309 for the years ended December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.  Approximately $105 and $165 was owed to this firm as of December 31, 2010 and 2011, respectively, and is included in other current liabilities and trade accounts payable.
 
(c)           In November 2010, the CEO of the Company’s GridSense subsidiary lent GridSense $50. The loan by the CEO of GridSense bore no interest. In 2010, $12 of the loan was repaid with the balance of $38 being repaid during 2011.
 
(d)           In July 2000, the Company entered into a lease for space for its former Databit subsidiary. Following the 2006 sale of the Databit subsidiary to its CEO (the son of one of the Directors of the Company), the lease obligation was transferred to Databit with Databit being obligated to return the security deposit of $34 at the end of the lease.  Prior to the sale of Databit, the Company participated in one-half of the lease costs associated with these premises. Following the end of the lease period, the landlord of the premises billed Databit for certain charges related to the period when Databit was owned by the Company. In 2009, the Company agreed to accept $22 from Databit as full repayment of the security deposit.

See Note 18(d) for information related to options and stock awards to related parties.
 

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NOTE 22—SEGMENT REPORTING AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION
 
(a)
General Information

As of December 31 2011, the Company’s operations are based upon three operating segments:
 
(1)
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions whose activities are focused on the following areas – sonar and acoustic related solutions for energy, defense and commercial markets and includes other real-time and embedded hardware & software development and production. Energy & Security Sonar Solutions activities are provided through the Company’s DSIT Solutions Ltd. subsidiary.

(2)
The Company’s GridSense segment provides Smart Grid Distribution Automation products and services.  As these activities were acquired in May 2010 (see Note 4(a)(ii)), there are no comparative results reported for these activities for the year ended December 31, 2009. The Company’s GridSense segment also includes the activities of OMI which was acquired in May 2010 (see Note 4(a)(iii)).

(3)
The Company’s USSI segment provides Energy and Security Sensor Systems services.  USSI was effectively acquired in February 2010 (see Note 4(b)). USSI's primary focus is to develop and produce fiber optic sensing systems for the energy and security markets.  As these activities were effectively acquired in February 2010, there are no comparative results reported for these activities for the year ended December 31, 2009.

Other operations include various operations in DSIT that do not meet the quantitative thresholds under applicable accounting principles.

The Company’s reportable segments are strategic business units, offering different products and services and are managed separately as each business requires different technology and marketing strategies.  Similar operating segments are aggregated into one reportable segment.

(b)
Information about Profit or Loss and Assets

The accounting policies of all the segments are those described in the summary of significant accounting policies.  The Company evaluates performance based on net income or loss before taxes.
 
The Company does not systematically allocate assets to the divisions of the subsidiaries constituting its consolidated group, unless the division constitutes a significant operation.  Accordingly, where a division of a subsidiary constitutes a segment that does not meet the quantitative thresholds of applicable accounting principles, depreciation expense is recorded against the operations of such segment, without allocating the related depreciable assets to that segment.  However, where a division of a subsidiary constitutes a segment that does meet the quantitative thresholds, related depreciable assets, along with other identifiable assets, are allocated to such division.

The following tables represent segmented data for the years ended December 31, 2011, 2010 and 2009:
 

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Energy &
Security
Sonar
Solutions
 
GridSense
 
USSI
 
Other
 
Total
Year ended December 31, 2011:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from external customers
 
$
9,104

 
$
7,119

 
$
1,316

 
$
1,389

 
$
18,928

Intersegment revenues
 

 

 

 

 

Segment gross profit (loss)
 
3,019

 
3,327

 
(98
)
 
665

 
6,913

Depreciation and amortization
 
220

 
375

 
224

 
28

 
847

Stock compensation expense
 

 

 

 

 

Segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
(244
)
 
(1,448
)
 
(2,775
)
 
298

 
(4,169
)
Non-controlling interests in segment income (loss)
 
(42
)
 

 
(571
)
 
51

 
(562
)
Segment assets
 
932

 
7,757

 
5,515

 
33

 
14,237

Expenditures for segment assets
 
103

 
74

 
276

 
22

 
475

Year ended December 31, 2010:
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revenues from external customers
 
$
10,179

 
$
2,382

 
$
405

 
$
1,278

 
$
14,244

Intersegment revenues
 

 

 

 

 

Segment gross profit
 
4,380

 
1,172

 
23

 
469

 
6,044

Depreciation and amortization
 
172

 
242

 
141

 
23

 
578

Stock compensation expense
 
42

 

 

 

 
42

Impairments
 

 
1,166

 

 

 
1,166

Segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
1,488

 
(2,852
)
*
(1,191
)
 
77

 
(2,478
)
Non-controlling interests in segment income (loss)
 
172

 

 
(776
)
 
9

 
(595
)
Segment assets
 
1,115

 
7,466

 
4,279

 
46

 
12,906

Expenditures for segment assets
 
89

 
9

 
90

 
21

 
209

Year ended December 31, 2009:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

Revenues from external customers
 
$
7,985

 
$

 
$

 
$
1,234

 
$
9,219

Intersegment revenues
 
5

 

 

 

 
5

Segment gross profit
 
3,540

 

 

 
415

 
3,955

Depreciation and amortization
 
189

 

 

 
25

 
214

Stock compensation expense
 
2

 

 

 

 
2

Impairments
 

 

 

 

 

Segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
1,051

 

 

 
64

 
1,115

Non-controlling interests in segment income (loss)
 
194

 

 

 
12

 
206

Segment assets
 
1,116

 

 

 
45

 
1,161

Expenditures for segment assets
 
154

 

 

 
38

 
192

 
*  Includes goodwill impairment of $1,166

(c)           The following tables represent a reconciliation of the segment data to consolidated statement of operations and balance sheet data for the years ended and as of December 31, 2009, 2010 and 2011:
 

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Year ended December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Revenues:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total consolidated revenues for reportable segments
 
$
7,985

 
$
12,966

 
$
17,539

Other operational segment revenues
 
1,234

 
1,278

 
1,389

Total consolidated revenues
 
$
9,219

 
$
14,244

 
$
18,928

Income (loss):
 
 

 
 

 
 

Total net income (loss) before income taxes for reportable segments
 
$
1,051

 
(2,555
)
 
(4,467
)
Other operational segment net income before income taxes
 
64

 
77

 
298

Total segment net income (loss) before income taxes
 
1,115

 
(2,478
)
 
(4,169
)
Unallocated cost of corporate and DSIT headquarters*
 
(3,390
)
 
(4,273
)
 
(3,891
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
719

 
(671
)
 
12,767

Non-controlling interests (see Note 8)
 
(206
)
 
595

 
549

Impairments not allocated to reportable segments (see Note 13)
 
(81
)
 

 

Share of losses in GridSense (see Note 4)
 
(129
)
 

 

Share of income in Paketeria  (see Note 7(b))
 
263

 

 

Gain on sale of shares in Comverge (see Note 6)
 
1,403

 

 

Gain on investment in GridSense (see Note 4(a)(ii))
 

 
1,327

 

Dividends from EnerTech (see Note 7(a))
 

 
135

 

Loss on the sale of EnerTech (see Note 7(a))
 

 
(1,821
)
 

Gain on sale of HangXing (see Note 7(c))
 

 

 
492

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes (see Note 3(b))
 
(6,076
)
 
(19,803
)
 
(1,948
)
Non-controlling interest share of loss from discontinued operations
 
626

 
67

 
540

Gain on the sale of discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 

 

 
31,069

Gain on the deconsolidation of Coreworx (see Note 5(b))
 

 
1,834

 

Consolidated net income (loss) attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders
 
$
(5,756
)
 
$
(25,088
)
 
$
35,409

 

* Includes $676, $648, and $458 of stock compensation expense for the years ending December 31,  2009, 2010 and 2011, respectively.
 
 
 
As of December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Assets:
 
 
 
 
 
 
Total assets for reportable segments
 
$
1,161

 
$
12,906

 
$
14,237

Unallocated assets of DSIT headquarters
 
7,709

 
12,643

 
13,569

Assets of discontinued operations
 
28,176

 
27,597

 

Assets of corporate headquarters *
 
11,689

 
6,639

 
57,999

Total consolidated assets
 
$
48,735

 
$
59,785

 
$
85,805

 

* In 2011, includes $33,666 of unrestricted cash, $18,000 of short-term deposits and $5,961 of funds held in escrow. In 2010, includes $6,259 of unrestricted cash and $300 of restricted deposits. In 2009, includes $8,031 of unrestricted cash, $300 of restricted deposits and $2,237 of other investments.


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Other Significant Items
 
Segment
Totals
 
Adjustments
 
Consolidated
Totals
Year ended December 31, 2011
 
 
 
 
 
 
Depreciation and amortization
 
$
847

 
$
4

 
$
851

Stock compensation expense
 

 
458

 
458

Expenditures for assets
 
475

 
27

 
502

Year ended December 31, 2010
 
 

 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
$
578

 
$
25

 
$
603

Stock compensation expense
 
42

 
648

 
690

Expenditures for assets
 
209

 
28

 
237

Year ended December 31, 2009
 
 

 
 

 
 

Depreciation and amortization
 
$
214

 
$
2

 
$
216

Stock compensation expense
 
2

 
676

 
678

Expenditures for assets
 
192

 
48

 
240

 
Other reconciling items are primarily corporate headquarters data, which are not included in the segment information. None of the other adjustments are significant.
 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Revenues based on location of customer:
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States and Canada
 
$

 
$
1,172

 
$
4,936

Israel
 
5,754

 
5,830

 
4,268

Asia
 
3,456

 
5,558

 
6,280

Oceania
 

 
1,489

 
3,190

Other
 
9

 
195

 
254

 
 
$
9,219

 
$
14,244

 
$
18,928

 
 
 
December 31,
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Long-lived assets located in the following countries:
 
 
 
 
 
 
United States
 
$
9

 
$
141

 
$
350

Israel
 
281

 
288

 
235

Australia
 

 
61

 
50

 
 
$
290

 
$
490

 
$
635

 
(d)
Revenues from Major Customers

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Table of Contents

 
 
 
 
Consolidated Revenues
 
 
 
 
2009
 
2010
 
2011
Customer
 
Segment
 
Revenues
 
% of
Total
Revenues
 
Revenues
 
% of
Total
Revenues
 
Revenues
 
% of
Total
Revenues
A
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
$
2,999

 
33
%
 
$
3,998

 
28
%
 
$
1,104

 
6
%
B
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
$
2,625

 
28
%
 
1,725

 
12
%
 
89

 
%
C
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
$
1,051

 
11
%
 
783

 
5
%
 
650

 
3
%
D
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
$
969

 
11
%
 
1,057

 
7
%
 
1,077

 
6
%
E
 
Energy & Security Sonar Solutions
 
$

 
%
 

 
%
 
2,155

 
11
%
F
 
GridSense
 
$

 
%
 
5

 
%
 
2,436

 
13
%


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Table of Contents

NOTE 23—FINANCIAL INSTRUMENTS
 
Fair values of financial instruments included in current assets and current liabilities are estimated to approximate their book values, due to the short maturity of such instruments.


F- 65

Table of Contents

NOTE 24—FAIR VALUE MEASUREMENTS
 
Financial items measured at fair value are classified in the table below in accordance with the hierarchy established in applicable accounting principles.
 
 
 
As at December 31, 2011
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
34,280

 
$

 
$

 
$
34,280

Short-term deposits
 
18,000

 

 

 
18,000

Restricted deposits – current and non-current
 
2,494

 

 

 
2,494

Funds held in escrow
 
5,961

 

 

 
5,961

Derivative liabilities
 
(18
)
 

 

 
(18
)
Total
 
$
60,717

 
$

 
$

 
$
60,717

 
 
 
As at December 31, 2010
 
 
Level 1
 
Level 2
 
Level 3
 
Total
Cash and cash equivalents
 
$
6,549

 
$

 
$

 
$
6,549

Restricted deposits – current and non-current
 
1,402

 

 

 
1,402

Derivative assets
 
93

 

 

 
93

Total
 
$
8,044

 
$

 
$

 
$
8,044

 
Derivative assets and liabilities are forward contracts for the purchase of NIS for which market prices are readily available. Unrealized gains or losses from forward contracts are recorded in Finance expense, net.
 

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Table of Contents



NOTE 23—SUMMARY QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (Unaudited)
 
The following table sets forth certain of the Company's unaudited quarterly consolidated financial information for the years ended December 31, 2010 and 2011.  
 
  
 
2010
 
2011
 
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
First
Quarter
 
Second
Quarter
 
Third
Quarter
 
Fourth
Quarter
 
 
(in thousands, except per share amounts
Revenues
 
$
2,606

 
$
3,372

 
$
4,018

 
$
4,249

 
$
3,095

 
$
4,107

 
$
5,051

 
$
6,675

Cost of sales
 
1,424

 
1,749

 
2,221

 
2,807

 
1,921

 
2,760

 
3,244

 
4,090

Gross profit
 
1,182

 
1,623

 
1,797

 
1,442

 
1,174

 
1,347

 
1,807

 
2,585

Research and development expenses, net
 
41

 
179

 
281

 
463

 
490

 
384

 
713

 
1,408

Impairments
 

 

 

 
1,166

 

 

 

 

Selling, general and administrative expenses
 
2,247

 
2,592

 
2,830

 
2,772

 
2,743

 
2,724

 
3,142

 
3,343

Operating loss
 
(1,106
)
 
(1,148
)
 
(1,314
)
 
(2,959
)
 
(2,059
)
 
(1,761
)
 
(2,048
)
 
(2,166
)
Finance income (expense), net
 
5

 
(197
)
 
53

 
(85
)
 
(117
)
 
(100
)
 
262

 
(71
)
Gain on investment in GridSense
 

 
1,327

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gain on sale of HangXing
 

 

 

 

 
492

 

 

 

Distribution received from EnerTech
 
135

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss on the sale of EnerTech
 

 

 

 
(1,821
)
 

 

 

 

Income (loss) before taxes on income
 
(966
)
 
(18
)
 
(1,261
)
 
(4,865
)
 
(1,684
)
 
(1,861
)
 
(1,786
)
 
(2,237
)
Income tax benefit (expense)
 
(75
)
 
(123
)
 
(372
)
 
(101
)
 
(65
)
 
26

 
12,111

 
695

Net income (loss) from continuing operations
 
(1,041
)
 
(141
)
 
(1,633
)
 
(4,966
)
 
(1,749
)
 
(1,835
)
 
10,325

 
(1,542
)
Gain on the sale of CoaLogix, net of income taxes
 

 

 

 

 

 

 
30,683

 
386

Loss from discontinued operations, net of income taxes
 
(2,132
)
 
(3,275
)
 
(3,307
)
 
(9,255
)
 
(836
)
 
(568
)
 
(544
)
 

Non-controlling interests share of loss from discontinued operations
 
(5
)
 
45

 
244

 
(217
)
 
232

 
157

 
151

 

Net income (loss)
 
(3,178
)
 
(3,371
)
 
(4,696
)
 
(14,438
)
 
(2,353
)
 
(2,246
)
 
40,615

 
(1,156
)
Net (income) loss attributable to non-controlling interests
 
55

 
220

 
129

 
191

 
136

 
167

 
181

 
65

Net income (loss) attributable to Acorn   Energy, Inc
 
$
(3,123
)
 
$
(3,151
)
 
$
(4,567
)
 
$
(14,247
)
 
$
(2,217
)
 
$
(2,079
)
 
$
40,796

 
$
(1,091
)
Basic net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

From continuing operations
 
$
(0.08
)
 
$

 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.30
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.60

 
$
(0.08
)
From discontinued operations
 
(0.17
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(0.58
)
 
(0.03
)
 
(0.02
)
 
1.73

 
0.02

Total attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders.
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.29
)
 
$
(0.88
)
 
$
(0.13
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
2.33

 
$
(0.06
)
Diluted net income (loss) per share attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders:
 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

 
 

From continuing operations
 
$
(0.08
)
 
$

 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.30
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
(0.10
)
 
$
0.59

 
$
(0.08
)
From discontinued operations
 
(0.17
)
 
(0.21
)
 
(0.19
)
 
(0.58
)
 
(0.03
)
 
(0.02
)
 
1.70

 
0.02

Total attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. shareholders.
 
$
(0.25
)
 
$
(0.21
)
 
$
(0.29
)
 
$
(0.88
)
 
$
(0.13
)
 
$
(0.12
)
 
$
2.29

 
$
(0.06
)
Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. – basic
 
12,498

 
15,161

 
15,721

 
16,254

 
17,449

 
17,489

 
17,508

 
17,521

Weighted average number of shares outstanding attributable to Acorn Energy, Inc. – diluted
 
12,498

 
15,161

 
15,721

 
16,254

 
17,449

 
17,489

 
17,810

 
17,521




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Table of Contents

NOTE 26—SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
 

Acquisition of OmniMetrix

On February 15, 2012, the Company entered into a definitive agreement pursuant to which it acquired, through its XYZ Holdings, Inc. wholly-owned Georgia subsidiary ("Holdings" which has been renamed OMX Holdings, Inc.), all of the issued and outstanding limited liability company membership interests (the "Interests") in OmniMetrix, LLC, a Georgia limited liability company ("OmniMetrix"). OmniMetrix is in the business of designing, manufacturing, marketing and selling (i) wireless remote systems that monitor standby power generation, backup power generators, remote powered equipment, cellular towers, emergency towered communications and remote tower sites, (ii) wireless remote systems that monitor landfill gas, and (iii) cathodic protection products to monitor pipeline integrity. Holdings purchased the Interests in OmniMetrix from its three individual holders (the "Sellers") in consideration for an aggregate cash payment of $8,500, subject to certain adjustments as provided in the definitive agreement. The acquisition of OmniMetrix adds to the Company's growing product lines of remote monitoring systems for aging energy infrastructure.

Acorn investment in USSI

On February 6, 2012, the Company entered into a new Stock Purchase Agreement (the “USSI Purchase Agreement”) with USSI pursuant to which the Company converted advanced funds into additional shares of USSI common stock (“USSI Common Stock”) and shares of USSI's new Series A-1 Preferred Stock (“USSI Preferred Stock”). The Company also made a further payment to USSI of $2,250 on February 6, 2012 to purchase additional shares of USSI Preferred Stock. The Company may purchase more shares of USSI Preferred Stock for an aggregate purchase price of $2,500 at a future date. The USSI Preferred Stock provides that upon any future liquidation of USSI, to the extent funds are available for distribution to USSI's stockholders after the satisfaction of any USSI liabilities at that time, USSI would first repay the Company for the purchase price of our USSI Preferred Stock. Thereafter, the Company would receive a further payment for such shares ratably with all other USSI Common Stock holders as though the Company's shares of USSI Preferred Stock were the same number of shares of USSI Common Stock.
The Company currently owns approximately 87% of USSI, which amount would increase to approximately 92% if and when the second closing occurs. In connection with the USSI Purchase Agreement, the Company also agreed to permit USSI to establish a new 2012 Stock Plan (the “USSI 2012 Plan”) under which key employees, directors and consultants of USSI may receive options to purchase up to an aggregate of 1,180,000 shares of USSI Common Stock on such terms as the USSI 2012 Plan provides and as determined by USSI's board of directors or by such committee designated by USSI's board to administer the USSI 2012 Plan, if any. If options to purchase all shares of USSI Common Stock available under the USSI 2012 Plan are granted and exercised, and provided that the Company made the additional $2,500 USSI Preferred Stock purchase as contemplated by the USSI Purchase Agreement, the Company would own approximately 81% of USSI on a fully diluted basis.

Acorn Dividend
On February 7, 2012, the Company announced that its Board of Directors approved a dividend of $0.035 per share to be paid on March 1, 2012 to common stockholders of record on February 20, 2012. The dividend is a continuation of the Company's policy to pay a regular quarterly per share dividend of $.035 per quarter. On March 1, 2012, the total dividend payment was $618.


F- 68


RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
ACORN ENERGY, INC.
Pursuant to Section 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
The undersigned, being the Secretary of Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Corporation”) does hereby CERTIFY as follows:
1.      The name of the Corporation is Acorn Energy, Inc. The Corporation was originally incorporated under the name Defense Software & Systems, Inc., and the original Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on July 23, 1986.
2.      Pursuant to Section 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, this Restated Certificate of Incorporation only restates and integrates, and does not further amend, the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation of the corporation as heretofore amended and supplemented, and there is no discrepancy between those provisions and the provisions of this Restated Certificate of Incorporation.
3.      The text of the Certificate of Incorporation as heretofore amended and supplemented is hereby restated to read in its entirety as follows:

FIRST: The name of the corporation is Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Corporation”).

SECOND: The address of the Corporation's registered office in the state of Delaware is 2711 Centerville Road, Suite 400, Wilmington, New Castle County, DE 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is The Prentice-Hall Corporation System, Inc.

THIRD: The purposes for which the Corporation is organized are to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware.

FOURTH: The total number of shares of capital stock which the Corporation has authority to issue is 30,000,000 shares, par value $.01 per share, all of which shall be Common Stock. Shares of capital stock of the Corporation may be issued by the Corporation from time to time for such legally sufficient consideration as may be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors.

FIFTH: The Board of Directors of the Corporation is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal by-laws of the Corporation, but the stockholders may make additional by-laws and may make or repeal any by-law whether adopted by them or otherwise.

SIXTH: Election of directors need not be by written ballot, except and to the extent provided in the by-laws of the Corporation.

SEVENTH: The personal liability of the directors of the Corporation is hereby eliminated to the fullest extent permitted by paragraph (7) of subsection (b) of Section 102 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same may be amended and supplemented.

EIGHTH: The Corporation shall, to the fullest extent permitted by Section 145 of the General





Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as the same may be amended and supplemented, indemnify any and all persons whom it shall have power to indemnify under said section from and against any and all of the expenses, liabilities or other matters referred to in or covered by said section, and the indemnification provided for herein shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those indemnified may be entitled under any By-Law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in his official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.

IN WITNESS WHEROF, the undersigned, being the authorized officer hereinabove identified of the Corporation, does hereby execute this Restated Certificate of Incorporation this 12th day of March 2012.



________________________________
Name: Heather K. Mallard
Title: Secretary







INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT



This Indemnification Agreement (“ Agreement ”) is made as of [_______], 20[__] by and between Acorn Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), and [______] (“ Indemnitee ”).
RECITALS
WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals, such as Indemnitee, to serve the Company;
WHEREAS, in order to induce Indemnitee to continue to provide services to the Company, the Company wishes to provide for the indemnification of, and advancement of expenses to, Indemnitee to the maximum extent permitted by law;
WHEREAS, the Bylaws of the Company (the “ Bylaws ”) require indemnification of the officers and directors of the Company, and Indemnitee may also be entitled to indemnification pursuant to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”);
WHEREAS, the Bylaws and the DGCL expressly provide that the indemnification provisions set forth therein are not exclusive, and thereby contemplate that contracts may be entered into between the Company and members of the board of directors, officers and other persons with respect to indemnification;
WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee recognize the continued difficulty in obtaining liability insurance for the Company's directors, officers, employees, agents and fiduciaries, the significant and continual increases in the cost of such insurance and the general trend of insurance companies to reduce the scope of coverage of such insurance;
WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee further recognize the substantial increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting directors, officers, employees, agents and fiduciaries to expensive litigation risks at the same time as the availability and scope of coverage of liability insurance provide increasing challenges for the Company;
WHEREAS, Indemnitee does not regard the protection currently provided by applicable law, the Company's governing documents and available insurance as adequate under the present circumstances, and Indemnitee may not be willing to continue to serve in such capacity without additional protection;
WHEREAS, the Board of Directors of the Company (the “ Board ”) has determined that the increased difficulty in attracting and retaining highly qualified persons such as Indemnitee is detrimental to the best interests of the Company's stockholders and that the Company should act to assure Indemnitee that there will be increased certainty of such protection in the future;
WHEREAS, it is reasonable, prudent and necessary for the Company contractually to obligate itself to indemnify, and to advance expenses on behalf of, such persons to the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, regardless of any amendment or revocation of the Company's Certificate of Incorporation (the “Charter”) or Bylaws, so that they will serve or continue to serve the Company free from undue concern that they will not be so indemnified; and
WHEREAS, this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the indemnification





provided in the Bylaws and any resolutions adopted pursuant thereto, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the covenants contained herein, the Company and Indemnitee do hereby covenant and agree as follows:
Section 1. Services to the Company . Indemnitee agrees to serve as a director and officer of the Company. Indemnitee may at any time and for any reason resign from such position (subject to any other contractual obligation or any obligation imposed by law), in which event the Company shall have no obligation under this Agreement to continue Indemnitee in such position. This Agreement shall not be deemed an employment contract between the Company (or any of its subsidiaries or any Enterprise) and Indemnitee. The foregoing notwithstanding, this Agreement shall continue in force after Indemnitee has ceased to serve as a director and officer of the Company.

Section 2. Definitions .
As used in this Agreement:
(a) Corporate Status ” describes the status of a person as a current or former director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of the Company or of any other Enterprise which such person is or was serving at the request of the Company.
(b) Enforcement Expenses ” shall include all reasonable attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with an action to enforce indemnification or advancement rights, or an appeal from such action, including, without limitation, the premium, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedes bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent.
(c) Enterprise ” shall mean any corporation (other than the Company), partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other legal entity of which Indemnitee is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee.
(d) Expenses ” shall include all reasonable attorneys' fees, retainers, court costs, transcript costs, fees of experts, witness fees, travel expenses, duplicating costs, printing and binding costs, telephone charges, postage, delivery service fees and all other disbursements or expenses of the types customarily incurred in connection with prosecuting, defending, preparing to prosecute or defend, investigating, being or preparing to be a witness in, or otherwise participating in, a Proceeding or an appeal resulting from a Proceeding, including, without limitation, the premium, security for and other costs relating to any cost bond, supersedes bond or other appeal bond or its equivalent. Expenses, however, shall not include amounts paid in settlement by Indemnitee or the amount of judgments or fines against Indemnitee.
(e) Independent Counsel ” means a law firm, or a partner (or, if applicable, member) of such a law firm, that is experienced in matters of Delaware corporation law and neither presently is, nor in the past five years has been, retained to represent: (i) the Company, any Enterprise or Indemnitee in any matter material to any such party (other than with respect to matters concerning Indemnitee under this Agreement, or of other indemnitees under similar indemnification agreements), or (ii) any other party to the Proceeding giving rise to a claim for indemnification hereunder. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the term “Independent Counsel” shall not include any person who, under the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing, would have a conflict of interest in representing either the Company or Indemnitee in an action to determine Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement. The Company agrees to pay the reasonable fees and expenses of the Independent Counsel and to fully indemnify such counsel against any and all expenses, claims, liabilities and damages arising out of or relating to this Agreement or its engagement pursuant hereto.





(f) The term “ Proceeding ” shall include any threatened, pending or completed action, suit, arbitration, alternate dispute resolution mechanism, investigation, inquiry, administrative hearing or any other actual, threatened or completed proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Company or otherwise and whether of a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative nature, in which Indemnitee was, is or will be involved as a party or otherwise by reason of the fact that Indemnitee is or was a director or officer of the Company or is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of any Enterprise or by reason of any action taken by him or of any action taken on his part while acting as director or officer of the Company or while serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of any Enterprise, in each case whether or not serving in such capacity at the time any liability or expense is incurred for which indemnification, reimbursement or advancement of expenses can be provided under this Agreement; provided , however , that the term “Proceeding” shall not include any action, suit or arbitration, or part thereof, initiated by Indemnitee to enforce Indemnitee's rights under this Agreement as provided for in Section 13(e) of this Agreement.

Section 3. Indemnity in Third-Party Proceedings . The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 3 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding, other than a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 3, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee or on his behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company and, in the case of a criminal proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful. Indemnitee shall not enter into any settlement in connection with a Proceeding without ten (10) days' prior notice to the Company.

Section 4. Indemnity in Proceedings by or in the Right of the Company . The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee in accordance with the provisions of this Section 4 if Indemnitee is, or is threatened to be made, a party to or a participant in any Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor. Pursuant to this Section 4, Indemnitee shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with such Proceeding or any claim, issue or matter therein, if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company. No indemnification for Expenses shall be made under this Section 4 in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which Indemnitee shall have been finally adjudged by a court to be liable to the Company, unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery (the “ Delaware Court ”) or any court in which the Proceeding was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, Indemnitee is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification for such expenses as the Delaware Court or such other court shall deem proper.

Section 5. Indemnification for Expenses of a Party Who is Wholly or Partly Successful . Notwithstanding any other provisions of this Agreement and except as provided in Section 8, to the extent that Indemnitee is a party to or a participant in and is successful, on the merits or otherwise, in any Proceeding or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him in connection therewith. If Indemnitee is not wholly successful in such Proceeding but is successful, on the merits or otherwise, as to one or more but less than all claims, issues or matters in such Proceeding, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection with each successfully resolved claim, issue or matter. For purposes of this Section and without limitation, the termination of any claim, issue or matter in such a Proceeding by dismissal, with or without prejudice, shall be deemed to be a successful result





as to such claim, issue or matter.

Section 6. Indemnification For Expenses of a Witness . Notwithstanding any other provision of this Agreement, to the extent that Indemnitee is, by reason of his Corporate Status, a witness in any Proceeding to which Indemnitee is not a party and is not threatened to be made a party, he shall be indemnified against all Expenses actually and reasonably incurred by him or on his behalf in connection therewith.

Section 7. Additional Indemnification .
(a) Except as provided in Section 8, notwithstanding any limitation in Sections 3, 4 or 5, the Company shall indemnify Indemnitee to the fullest extent permitted by law if Indemnitee is a party to or is threatened to be made a party to any Proceeding (including a Proceeding by or in the right of the Company to procure a judgment in its favor) against all Expenses, judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by Indemnitee in connection with the Proceeding.
(b) For purposes of Section 7(a), the meaning of the phrase “to the fullest extent permitted by law” shall include, but not be limited to:
(i) to the fullest extent permitted by the provision of the DGCL that authorizes or contemplates additional indemnification by agreement, or the corresponding provision of any amendment to or replacement of the DGCL or such provision thereof; and
(ii) to the fullest extent authorized or permitted by any amendments to or replacements of the DGCL adopted after the date of this Agreement that increase the extent to which a corporation may indemnify its officers and directors.

Section 8. Exclusions . Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the Company shall not be obligated under this Agreement:
(a) to make any indemnity for amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder (or for which advancement is provided hereunder) if and to the extent that Indemnitee has otherwise actually received such amounts under any insurance policy, contract, agreement or otherwise;
(b) to make any indemnity for an accounting of profits made from the purchase and sale (or sale and purchase) by Indemnitee of securities of the Company within the meaning of Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or similar provisions of state statutory law or common law; or
(c) to make any indemnity or advancement that is prohibited by applicable law.

Section 9. Advances of Expenses . The Company shall advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, the Expenses incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any Proceeding, and such advancement shall be made within twenty (20) days after the receipt by the Company of a statement or statements requesting such advances (which shall include invoices received by Indemnitee in connection with such Expenses but, in the case of invoices in connection with legal services, any references to legal work performed or to expenditures made that would cause Indemnitee to waive any privilege accorded by applicable law shall not be included with the invoice) from time to time, whether prior to or after final disposition of any Proceeding. Advances shall be unsecured and interest free. Advances shall be made without regard to Indemnitee's ability to repay the expenses and without regard to Indemnitee's ultimate entitlement to indemnification under the other provisions of this Agreement. Indemnitee shall qualify for advances upon the execution and delivery to the Company of this Agreement which shall constitute an undertaking providing that Indemnitee undertakes to the fullest extent required by law to repay the advance if and to the extent that it is ultimately determined by a court of competent jurisdiction in a final judgment, not subject to appeal, that Indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified by the Company. The right to advances under this paragraph shall in all events continue until final disposition of any Proceeding, including any appeal therein. Nothing in this Section 9 shall limit Indemnitee's right to advancement pursuant to Section 13(e) of this Agreement.






Section 10. Procedure for Notification and Defense of Claim.
(a) To obtain indemnification under this Agreement, Indemnitee shall submit to the Company a written request therefor and, if Indemnitee so chooses pursuant to Section 11 of this Agreement, such written request shall also include a request for Indemnitee to have the right to indemnification determined by Independent Counsel.
(b) The Company will be entitled to participate in the Proceeding at its own expense.

Section 11. Procedure Upon Application for Indemnification.
(a) Upon written request by Indemnitee for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a), a determination, if such determination is required by applicable law, with respect to Indemnitee's entitlement thereto shall be made in the specific case: (i) by Independent Counsel in a written opinion to the Board if Indemnitee so requests in such written request for indemnification pursuant to Section 10(a), or (ii) by the Company in accordance with applicable law if Indemnitee does not so request such determination be made by Independent Counsel. In the case that such determination is made by Independent Counsel, a copy of Independent Counsel's written opinion shall be delivered to Indemnitee and, if it is so determined that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, payment to Indemnitee shall be made within ten (10) days after such determination. Indemnitee shall cooperate with the Independent Counsel or the Company, as applicable, making such determination with respect to Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification, including providing to such counsel or the Company, upon reasonable advance request, any documentation or information which is not privileged or otherwise protected from disclosure and which is reasonably available to Indemnitee and reasonably necessary to such determination. Any costs or expenses (including attorneys' fees and disbursements) incurred by Indemnitee in so cooperating with the Independent Counsel or the Company shall be borne by the Company (irrespective of the determination as to Indemnitee's entitlement to indemnification) and the Company hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Indemnitee harmless therefrom.
(b) In the event that Indemnitee exercises his right to have his entitlement to indemnification determined by Independent Counsel pursuant to Sections 10(a) and 11(a)(i), the Independent Counsel shall be selected by Indemnitee. The Company may, within ten (10) days after written notice of such selection, deliver to Indemnitee a written objection to such selection; provided , however , that such objection may be asserted only on the ground that the Independent Counsel so selected does not meet the requirements of “Independent Counsel” as defined in Section 2 of this Agreement, and the objection shall set forth with particularity the factual basis of such assertion. Absent a proper and timely objection, the person so selected shall act as Independent Counsel. If such written objection is so made and substantiated, the Independent Counsel so selected may not serve as Independent Counsel unless and until such objection is withdrawn or a court has determined that such objection is without merit. If, within twenty (20) days after the later of (i) submission by Indemnitee of a written request for indemnification and Independent Counsel pursuant to Sections 10(a) and 11(a)(i) hereof, respectively, and (ii) the final disposition of the Proceeding, including any appeal therein, no Independent Counsel shall have been selected without objection, Indemnitee may petition a court of competent jurisdiction for resolution of any objection which shall have been made by the Company to the selection of Independent Counsel and/or for the appointment as Independent Counsel of a person selected by the court or by such other person as the court shall designate. The person with respect to whom all objections are so resolved or the person so appointed shall act as Independent Counsel under Section 11(a) hereof. Upon the due commencement of any judicial proceeding or arbitration pursuant to Section 13(a) of this Agreement, Independent Counsel shall be discharged and relieved of any further responsibility in such capacity (subject to the applicable standards of professional conduct then prevailing).

Section 12. Presumptions and Effect of Certain Proceedings.
(a) In making a determination with respect to entitlement to indemnification hereunder, it shall be presumed that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification under this Agreement if Indemnitee has





submitted a request for indemnification in accordance with Section 10(a) of this Agreement, and the Company shall have the burden of proof to overcome that presumption in connection with the making of any determination contrary to that presumption. Neither (i) the failure of the Company or of Independent Counsel to have made a determination prior to the commencement of any action pursuant to this Agreement that indemnification is proper in the circumstances because Indemnitee has met the applicable standard of conduct, nor (ii) an actual determination by the Company or by Independent Counsel that Indemnitee has not met such applicable standard of conduct, shall be a defense to the action or create a presumption that Indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct.
(b) The termination of any Proceeding or of any claim, issue or matter therein, by judgment, order, settlement or conviction, or upon a plea of guilty, nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not (except as otherwise expressly provided in this Agreement) of itself adversely affect the right of Indemnitee to indemnification or create a presumption that Indemnitee did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Company or, with respect to any criminal Proceeding, that Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful.
(c) The knowledge and/or actions, or failure to act, of any director, officer, agent or employee of the Company or any Enterprise shall not be imputed to Indemnitee for purposes of determining the right to indemnification under this Agreement.

Section 13. Remedies of Indemnitee.
(a) Subject to Section 13(f), in the event that (i) a determination is made pursuant to Section 11 of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification under this Agreement, (ii) advancement of Expenses is not timely made pursuant to Section 9 of this Agreement, (iii) no determination of entitlement to indemnification shall have been made pursuant to Section 11(a) of this Agreement within sixty (60) days after receipt by the Company of the request for indemnification that does not include a request for Independent Counsel, (iv) payment of indemnification is not made pursuant to Section 5 or 6 or the last sentence of Section 11(a) of this Agreement within ten (10) days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor or (v) payment of indemnification pursuant to Section 3, 4 or 7 of this Agreement is not made within ten (10) days after a determination has been made that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, Indemnitee shall be entitled to an adjudication by a court of his entitlement to such indemnification or advancement. Alternatively, Indemnitee, at his option, may seek an award in arbitration to be conducted by a single arbitrator pursuant to the Commercial Arbitration Rules of the American Arbitration Association. Indemnitee shall commence such proceeding seeking an adjudication or an award in arbitration within 180 days following the date on which Indemnitee first has the right to commence such proceeding pursuant to this Section 13(a); provided , however , that the foregoing time limitation shall not apply in respect of a proceeding brought by Indemnitee to enforce his rights under Section 5 of this Agreement. The Company shall not oppose Indemnitee's right to seek any such adjudication or award in arbitration.
(b) In the event that a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 11(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification, any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13 shall be conducted in all respects as a de novo trial, or arbitration, on the merits and Indemnitee shall not be prejudiced by reason of that adverse determination. In any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13, the Company shall have the burden of proving Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification or advancement, as the case may be.
(c) If a determination shall have been made pursuant to Section 11(a) of this Agreement that Indemnitee is entitled to indemnification, the Company shall be bound by such determination in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13, absent a misstatement by Indemnitee of a material fact, or an omission of a material fact necessary to make Indemnitee's statement not materially misleading, in connection with the request for indemnification.
(d) The Company shall be precluded from asserting in any judicial proceeding or arbitration commenced pursuant to this Section 13 that the procedures and presumptions of this Agreement





are not valid, binding and enforceable and shall stipulate in any such court or before any such arbitrator that the Company is bound by all the provisions of this Agreement.
(e) The Company shall indemnify Indemnitee against any and all Enforcement Expenses and, if requested by Indemnitee, shall (within ten (10) days after receipt by the Company of a written request therefor) advance, to the extent not prohibited by law, such Enforcement Expenses to Indemnitee, which are incurred by Indemnitee in connection with any action brought by Indemnitee for indemnification or advancement from the Company under this Agreement or under any directors' and officers' liability insurance policies maintained by the Company, regardless of whether Indemnitee ultimately is determined to be entitled to such indemnification, advancement or insurance recovery, as the case may be, in the suit for which indemnification or advancement is being sought.
(f) Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, no determination as to entitlement to indemnification under this Agreement shall be required to be made prior to the final disposition of the Proceeding, including any appeal therein.

Section 14. Non-exclusivity; Survival of Rights; Insurance; Subrogation .
(a) The rights of indemnification and to receive advancement as provided by this Agreement shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which Indemnitee may at any time be entitled under applicable law, the Charter, the Bylaws, any agreement, a vote of stockholders or a resolution of directors, or otherwise. No amendment, alteration or repeal of this Agreement or of any provision hereof shall limit or restrict any right of Indemnitee under this Agreement in respect of any action taken or omitted by such Indemnitee in his Corporate Status prior to such amendment, alteration or repeal. To the extent that a change in Delaware law, whether by statute or judicial decision, permits greater indemnification or advancement than would be afforded currently under the Charter, Bylaws and this Agreement, it is the intent of the parties hereto that Indemnitee shall enjoy by this Agreement the greater benefits so afforded by such change. No right or remedy herein conferred is intended to be exclusive of any other right or remedy, and every other right and remedy shall be cumulative and in addition to every other right and remedy given hereunder or now or hereafter existing at law or in equity or otherwise. The assertion or employment of any right or remedy hereunder, or otherwise, shall not prevent the concurrent assertion or employment of any other right or remedy.
(b) To the extent that the Company maintains an insurance policy or policies providing liability insurance for directors, officers, employees, agents or trustees of the Company or of any other Enterprise, Indemnitee shall be covered by such policy or policies in accordance with its or their terms to the maximum extent of the coverage available for any such director, officer, employee, agent or trustee under such policy or policies. If, at the time of the receipt of a notice of a claim pursuant to the terms hereof, the Company has director and officer liability insurance in effect, the Company shall give prompt notice of the commencement of such proceeding to the insurers in accordance with the procedures set forth in the respective policies. The Company shall thereafter take all necessary or desirable action to cause such insurers to pay, on behalf of Indemnitee, all amounts payable as a result of such proceeding in accordance with the terms of such policies.
(c) In the event of any payment under this Agreement, the Company shall be subrogated to the extent of such payment to all of the rights of recovery of Indemnitee, who shall execute all papers required and take all action necessary to secure such rights, including execution of such documents as are necessary to enable the Company to bring suit to enforce such rights.
(d) The Company's obligation to provide indemnification or advancement hereunder to Indemnitee who is or was serving at the request of the Company as a director, officer, employee, agent or trustee of any other Enterprise shall be reduced by any amount Indemnitee has actually received as indemnification or advancement from such other Enterprise.

Section 15. Duration of Agreement . This Agreement shall continue until and terminate upon the





later of: (a) ten (10) years after the date that Indemnitee shall have ceased to serve as either a director or officer of the Company or (b) one (1) year after the final termination of any Proceeding, including any appeal, then pending in respect of which Indemnitee is granted rights of indemnification or advancement hereunder and of any proceeding, including any appeal, commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 13 of this Agreement relating thereto. This Agreement shall be binding upon the Company and its successors and assigns and shall inure to the benefit of Indemnitee and his heirs, executors and administrators. The Company shall require and cause any successor, and any direct or indirect parent of any successor, whether direct or indirect by purchase, merger, consolidation or otherwise, to all, substantially all or a substantial part, of the business and/or assets of the Company, by written agreement in form and substance satisfactory to Indemnitee, expressly to assume and agree to perform this Agreement in the same manner and to the same extent that the Company would be required to perform if no such succession had taken place.

Section 16. Severability . If any provision or provisions of this Agreement shall be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable for any reason whatsoever: (a) the validity, legality and enforceability of the remaining provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall not in any way be affected or impaired thereby and shall remain enforceable to the fullest extent permitted by law; (b) such provision or provisions shall be deemed reformed to the extent necessary to conform to applicable law and to give the maximum effect to the intent of the parties hereto; and (c) to the fullest extent possible, the provisions of this Agreement (including, without limitation, each portion of any section of this Agreement containing any such provision held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable, that is not itself invalid, illegal or unenforceable) shall be construed so as to give effect to the intent manifested thereby.

Section 17. Enforcement .
(a) The Company expressly confirms and agrees that it has entered into this Agreement and assumed the obligations imposed on it hereby in order to induce Indemnitee to serve as a director and officer of the Company, and the Company acknowledges that Indemnitee is relying upon this Agreement in serving as a director and officer of the Company.
(b) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings, oral, written and implied, between the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof; provided , however , that this Agreement is a supplement to and in furtherance of the Charter, the Bylaws and applicable law, and shall not be deemed a substitute therefor, nor to diminish or abrogate any rights of Indemnitee thereunder.

Section 18. Modification and Waiver . No supplement, modification or amendment, or waiver of any provision, of this Agreement shall be binding unless executed in writing by the parties thereto. No waiver of any of the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed or shall constitute a waiver of any other provisions of this Agreement nor shall any waiver constitute a continuing waiver.

Section 19. Notice by Indemnitee . Indemnitee agrees promptly to notify the Company in writing upon being served with any summons, citation, subpoena, complaint, indictment, information or other document relating to any Proceeding or matter which may be subject to indemnification or advancement as provided hereunder. The failure of Indemnitee to so notify the Company shall not relieve the Company of any obligation which it may have to Indemnitee under this Agreement or otherwise.

Section 20. Notices . All notices, requests, demands and other communications under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if (a) delivered by hand and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed, (b) mailed





by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, on the third business day after the date on which it is so mailed, (c) mailed by reputable overnight courier and receipted for by the party to whom said notice or other communication shall have been directed or (d) sent by facsimile transmission, with receipt of oral confirmation that such transmission has been received:
(a) If to Indemnitee, at such address as Indemnitee shall provide to the Company.
(b) If to the Company to:
Acorn Energy, Inc.
4 West Rockland Road
P. O. Box 9
Montchanin, DE 19710
Attn: General Counsel
or to any other address as may have been furnished to Indemnitee by the Company.
Section 21. Contribution . To the fullest extent permissible under applicable law, if the indemnification provided for in this Agreement is unavailable to Indemnitee for any reason whatsoever, the Company, in lieu of indemnifying Indemnitee, shall contribute to the amount incurred by Indemnitee, whether for judgments, fines, penalties, excise taxes, amounts paid or to be paid in settlement and/or for Expenses, in connection with any Proceeding in such proportion as is deemed fair and reasonable in light of all of the circumstances in order to reflect (i) the relative benefits received by the Company and Indemnitee in connection with the event(s) and/or transaction(s) giving rise to such Proceeding; and/or (ii) the relative fault of the Company (and its directors, officers, employees and agents) and Indemnitee in connection with such event(s) and/or transactions.

Section 22. Applicable Law and Consent to Jurisdiction . This Agreement and the legal relations among the parties shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the laws of the State of Delaware, without regard to its conflict of laws rules. Except with respect to any arbitration commenced by Indemnitee pursuant to Section 13(a) of this Agreement, the Company and Indemnitee hereby irrevocably and unconditionally (i) agree that any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement shall be brought only in the Delaware Court, and not in any other state or federal court in the United States of America or any court in any other country, (ii) consent to submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court for purposes of any action or proceeding arising out of or in connection with this Agreement, (iii) consent to service of process at the address set forth in Section 20 of this Agreement with the same legal force and validity as if served upon such party personally within the State of Delaware, (iv) waive any objection to the laying of venue of any such action or proceeding in the Delaware Court and (v) waive, and agree not to plead or to make, any claim that any such action or proceeding brought in the Delaware Court has been brought in an improper or inconvenient forum.

Section 23. Identical Counterparts . This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which shall for all purposes be deemed to be an original but all of which together shall constitute one and the same Agreement. Only one such counterpart signed by the party against whom enforceability is sought needs to be produced to evidence the existence of this Agreement.

Section 24. Miscellaneous . The headings of the paragraphs of this Agreement are inserted for convenience only and shall not be deemed to constitute part of this Agreement or to affect the construction thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be signed as of the day and year first above written.






ACORN ENERGY, INC.




By:                         
     Name:
     Title:



                        
     _____________, Indemnitee
    








AMENDMENT TO ACORN ENERGY, INC.

2006 STOCK INCENTIVE PLAN

July 25, 2011

On July 25, 2011, the Board of Directors of Acorn Energy, Inc. amended the Acorn Energy, Inc. 2006 Stock Inventive Plan (as amended and restated effective June 10, 2010, the “Plan”).

1.      Pursuant to the Board's action, “ARTICLE 2-- Definitions” has been amended to include a new Section 2.21.1 which has been inserted between Section 2.21 and Section 2.22 as follows:

2.21.1      “Net Exercise” shall mean a method for settling Options whereby upon exercise of an Option (or portion thereof) the Participant makes no payment and receives Shares with an aggregate FMV equal to the difference between the aggregate FMV of the Shares issuable upon exercise of the Option (or portion thereof) if exercised for cash and the aggregate exercise price of the Option (or portion thereof).

2.      Pursuant to the Board's action, “Section 6.6--Payment” has been amended to include a new fifth and final paragraph as follows:


Notwithstanding anything to the contrary set forth herein, in the event that a Participant has not fully exercised an Option at the end of the term of such Option and the exercise price of the Option is less than the Fair Market Value of the Shares, the entire outstanding Option shall automatically be deemed exercised and settled on the expiration date by Net Exercise with no further action by the Participant.


3.      Except as provided for herein, the Plan remains unchanged and in full force and effect.





 
“***” = CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN OMITTED AND HAVE BEEN SEPARATELY FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO AN APPLICATION FOR CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER RULE 24B-2 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED     
Execution Version
 


STOCK PURCHASE AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

AMONG

COALOGIX HOLDINGS, INC.

COALOGIX INC.

AND

ITS STOCKHOLDERS

DATED AS OF JULY 28, 2011



 





STOCK PURCHASE AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This STOCK PURCHASE AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT, dated as of July 28, 2011 (this “ Agreement ”), is made by and among CoaLogix Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), the parties named on Schedule I (collectively, the “ Sellers ”), and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., a New York corporation (“ Buyer ”).
RECITALS
A.      The Sellers collectively own all of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Company (the “ Shares ”); and
B.      The Company directly or indirectly owns 100% of the Capital Stock of CoaLogix Technology Holdings Inc., a Delaware corporation, CoaLogix Solutions Inc., a Delaware corporation, CoaLogix International Co. Limited, a Hong Kong company, CoaLogix Tech LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, SCR-Tech LLC, a North Carolina limited liability company, and MetalliFix LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (such entities, collectively with the Company and all other Subsidiaries of the Company, if any, the “ Transferred Companies ”); and
C.      The Sellers desire to sell to Buyer, and Buyer desires to purchase from the Sellers, all of the Shares (other than the Rollover Shares, which will be contributed to the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements), on the terms and subject to the conditions set forth herein.
Accordingly, in consideration of the mutual covenants, conditions and agreements set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Company, the Sellers and Buyer intending to be legally bound agree as follows:
ARTICLE I

DEFINITIONS
SECTION 1.1.      Definitions
. For purposes of this Agreement, the following terms shall have the respective meanings set forth below:
Acorn ” means Acorn Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation and a Seller hereunder.
Acquisition Proposal ” means any offer or proposal concerning any (a) merger, consolidation, other business combination or similar transaction involving Acorn, the Company or any other Transferred Company; (b) sale, lease or other disposition directly or indirectly by merger, consolidation, business combination, share exchange, joint venture or otherwise, of assets of the Company (including Capital Stock of any other Transferred Company) or any other Transferred Company representing *** percent (***%) or more of the consolidated assets, revenues or net income of the Company and the other Transferred Companies; (c) issuance or sale or other disposition (including by way of merger, consolidation, business combination, share exchange, joint venture or similar transaction) of Capital Stock representing *** percent (***%) or more of the voting power of Acorn or the Company; (d) transaction or series of transactions in which any Person will acquire beneficial ownership or the right to acquire beneficial ownership or





any group has been formed which beneficially owns or has the right to acquire beneficial ownership of, Capital Stock representing *** percent (***%) or more of the voting power of Acorn or the Company or (e) any combination of the foregoing (in each case, other than the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, the Contribution Agreements or any other proposal from Buyer).
Action ” means any claim, action, suit, litigation, arbitration or other proceeding by or before any Governmental Entity or arbitral body.
Affiliate ” means, with respect to any specified Person, any other Person that, at the time of determination, directly or indirectly through one or more intermediaries, Controls, is Controlled by, or is under common Control with, such specified Person.
Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof.
Base Purchase Price ” is an amount equal to $101,000,000.
Benefit Plan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.7(a) .
Business ” means selective catalytic reduction catalyst and management services including the selling, cleaning, rejuvenation and regeneration of selective catalytic reduction catalysts and managing such catalysts for utilities and independent power producers, flow correction, selective catalytic reduction database development and computer simulation (deactivation and operation), ammonia injection tuning and consulting for design and operation of selective catalytic reduction systems, in each case occurring anywhere in North America, China or the rest of the world.
Business Day ” means any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or other day on which banking institutions in Charlotte, North Carolina, or New York, New York are required or authorized by Law or executive order to be closed.
Buyer ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof.
Buyer Benefit Plans ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a) .
Buyer Indemnitees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1(a) .
Buyer Material Adverse Effect ” means ***.
Cap ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1(a) .
Capital Appreciation Rights Plan ” means the CoaLogix, Inc. and Subsidiaries Capital Appreciation Rights Plan, dated as of April 9, 2008.
Capital Stock ” means capital stock of or other type of equity interest in a Person.
Cash-Out Stock Options ” means any stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Stock Option Plan other than the Rollover Options.
China ” means the following provinces, regions and municipalities of the People's Republic of China: Anhui, Fujian, Gansu, Guangdong, Guizhou, Hainan, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Jiangsu, Jiangxi, Jilin, Liaoning, Qinghai, Shaanxi, Shandong, Shanxi, Sichuan, Taiwan, Yunnan, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Nei Mongol (Inner Mongolia), Ningxia, Xinjiang





Uygur, Xizang (Tibet), Beijing, Chongqing, Shanghai, Tianjin, Hong Kong and Macau.
Closing ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2 .
Closing Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.2 .
Closing Statement Arbitrator ” means PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP, or if PriceWaterhouseCoopers LLP declines to act in such capacity, any other accounting firm of national repute mutually acceptable to the Buyer and Sellers holding a Majority in Interest, or if such parties cannot mutually agree on a Closing Statement Arbitrator, an accounting firm of national repute mutually selected by (i) an accounting firm of national repute selected by Buyer and (ii) an accounting firm of national repute selected by Sellers holding a Majority in Interest.
Code ” means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
Common Stock ” means common stock, par value $0.001, of the Company.
Company ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof.
Company Material Adverse Effect ” means ***.
Company Stock Options ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(a) .
Computer Software ” means currently used versions of all computer software applications needed to administer *** portions of the Transferred Companies' Business, including all object code, all executables, and all available source code owned by the Transferred Companies relating thereto.
Confidentiality Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.10(a) .
Contribution Agreements ” means the Contribution and Subscription Agreements between the Buyer and each of *** with respect to their respective Rollover Shares, substantially in the form attached hereto as Exhibit A .
Control ” or “ Controlled ” means, as for any Person, the possession, directly or indirectly of the power to direct or cause the direction of the management and policies of such Person, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or otherwise.
Controlled Group Liability ” means any and all Liabilities (a) under Title IV of ERISA; (b) under Section 302 or 4068(a) of ERISA; (c) under Section  430 or 4971 of the Code or Section 303(k) of ERISA; and (d) for violation of the continuation coverage requirements of Sections 601 et seq. of ERISA and Section 4980B of the Code or the group health requirements of Sections 701 et seq. of ERISA and Sections 9801 et seq. of the Code, in the case of each of the foregoing clauses (a) through (d), with respect to Sellers or any of their respective Affiliates (other than the Transferred Companies).
Covered Employee ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.3(a)(ii) .
Current Assets ” means the amount of current assets of the Transferred Companies on a consolidated basis as of the Closing as determined in accordance with GAAP, including ***.
Current Liabilities ” means the amount of current liabilities of the Transferred Companies





on a consolidated basis as of the Closing as determined in accordance with GAAP, including accounts payable, Taxes and deferred revenues, warranties, and any other items, in each case, that would be considered a current liability under GAAP, but excluding ***.
Debt Adjustment ” means an amount equal to (i) (1) all Indebtedness of the Transferred Companies as of the Closing, as determined in accordance with GAAP and (2) all Indebtedness of the Transferred Companies repaid by the Buyer at the Closing on behalf of the Transferred Companies, plus (ii) the fees and expenses of UBS Securities LLC and Chadbourne & Parke LLP for their respective representation of the Company in connection with this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby, to the extent such fees and expenses have not been paid by the Company as of the Closing, plus (iii) all other fees, expenses or costs, in each case payable by any Transferred Company in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, including any amounts payable under the Capital Appreciation Rights Plan and the Square 1 Agreement in each case to the extent not paid by any Transferred Company prior to the Closing (and excluding any “double-trigger” compensation, benefits or other amounts payable or provided to a Participant under any Benefit Plan in connection with a post-Closing termination of employment ) , plus (iv) (A) the amount of any Liability of the Transferred Companies which is not paid prior to the Closing relating to Section 7.1(g) and Items 8 and 9 of Section 6.1 of the Disclosure Schedule and (B) the Rollover Option Deduction, plus (v) the amount of any deferred revenues that would appear as a non-Current Liability on a consolidated balance sheet of the Transferred Companies prepared in accordance with GAAP and dated as of the Closing Date, minus (vi) the amount of any “construction in progress” that would appear as a non-current asset on a consolidated balance sheet of the Transferred Companies prepared in accordance with GAAP and dated as of the Closing Date (or, if any “construction in progress” is completed between the date hereof and the Closing, the amount of the resulting asset determined in accordance with GAAP). The amount of the Debt Adjustment shall be calculated without duplication, such that if any Indebtedness, fees, expenses, costs, or other obligations are included in clause (i), (ii), (iii), (iv) or (v) of this definition, it shall be excluded from such other clauses.
Delaware Act ” means the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as amended.
D&O Indemnified Person ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.11 .
Disclosure Schedule ” means the Disclosure Schedule delivered in connection with, and constituting a part of, this Agreement.
ECP Contribution ” shall mean the equity contribution to the Buyer at the Closing by Affiliates of the Buyer in exchange for shares of common stock of the Buyer of an aggregate amount which is sufficient to allow the Buyer to pay the portion of the Purchase Price attributable to the Non-Rolling Sellers and perform its obligations under this Agreement and Escrow Agreement at the Closing.
Employee ” means each person who immediately prior to or as of the Closing Date is an active employee of any of the Transferred Companies, including any such person who is absent from employment due to illness, vacation, injury, military service or other authorized absence (including an employee who is “disabled” within the meaning of the short-term disability plan currently in place for the applicable employer or who is on approved leave under the Family and Medical Leave Act of 1993, as amended).
EnerTech ” means EnerTech Capital Partners III, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.





Environment ” means any surface water, groundwater, land surface, subsurface strata, river sediment, plant or animal life, natural resources, air (including indoor air and ambient air) and soil.
Environmental Law ” means any Law applicable to: (a) ***; (b) ***; and (c) ***.
ERISA ” means the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended.
Escrow Account ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.3 .
Escrow Agreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.4(f) .
Escrow Percentage ” for each Seller means the Escrow Percentage beside such Seller's name on Schedule I .
Estimated Closing Statement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(a) .
Estimated Purchase Price ” means an estimate of the Purchase Price as determined in good faith by the Company and set forth in the Estimated Closing Statement.
Exchange Act ” means the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as amended.
Filing Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.2(b) .
Final Closing Statement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(b) .
Final Purchase Price ” means the Purchase Price as conclusively determined in accordance with Sections   2.5(b) and  2.5(c) .
Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5(a) .
GAAP ” means United States generally accepted accounting principles.
Governmental Approval ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.4 .
Governmental Entity ” means any federal, state, county, township, municipal, local or foreign government, or any legislature, administrative or regulatory authority, agency, commission, bureau, branch, department, division, court, tribunal, magistrate, justice, multi-national organization, quasi-government body, or other similar recognized organization, body or instrumentality of any federal, state, county, township, municipal, local or foreign government or any other similar recognized organization, body or instrumentality exercising similar powers or authority.
Governmental Order ” means any order, writ, judgment, injunction, decree, stipulation, determination or award entered by or with any Governmental Entity.
Grant Date ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(b) .
Hazardous Materials ” means any waste, substance, product, pollutant or material, whether solid, liquid or gaseous, that (a) ***; (b) ***; or (c) ***.
HSR Act ” means the Hart Scott Rodino Antitrust Improvements Act of 1976, as amended.





Indebtedness ” means, without duplication, (i) indebtedness created, issued or incurred by any Transferred Company for borrowed money (whether by loan or the issuance and sale of debt securities or the sale of any assets by any Transferred Company to another Person subject to an agreement, contingent or otherwise, to repurchase such assets of such Person from such Person); (ii) obligations of any Transferred Company to pay the deferred purchase or acquisition price of any assets or services, other than trade accounts payable and accrued expenses arising in the Ordinary Course of Business and payable within *** of the date the respective goods are delivered or the respective services are rendered; (iii) indebtedness of others secured by a Lien on any of the Purchased Assets, whether or not the respective indebtedness so secured has been assumed by any Transferred Company; (iv) obligations of any Transferred Company in respect of letters of credit or similar instruments issued or accepted by banks and other financial institutions for the account of such Transferred Company, to the extent such obligations are due and payable at the Closing; (v) obligations of any Transferred Company in respect of surety bonds or similar instruments to the extent such obligations are due and payable at the Closing; (vi) the capitalized amount of any obligations of any Transferred Company under any capital lease on a balance sheet of such Transferred Company under GAAP; (vii) obligations of any Transferred Company under any commodity, swap, derivative, currency, interest rate protection, collar, rate cap, call option or similar agreement; and (viii) indebtedness of others guaranteed by any Transferred Company (whether by means of a guarantee, an endorsement, a contingent agreement to purchase or to furnish funds for the payment or maintenance of, or otherwise to be or become contingently liable under or with respect to, indebtedness, or an agreement to purchase, sell or lease (as lessee or lessor) assets of any Person, products, materials, supplies or services primarily for the purpose of enabling a debtor to make payment of its obligations or an agreement to assure a creditor against loss).
Indemnified Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) .
Indemnifying Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) .
Indemnity Claim ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(a) .
Indemnity Escrow ” is an amount equal to $***.
Insurance Policies ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.16(a) .
Intellectual Property ” means: ***.
Intercompany Agreement ” means contracts, agreements, notes, leases, licenses and other instruments between any of the Transferred Companies, on the one hand, and any of the other Transferred Companies, any Seller or any Affiliate of a Seller, on the other hand.
Interim Financial Statements ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.5(a) .
IRS ” means the United States Internal Revenue Service.
Knowledge of the Company ” means the knowledge, after reasonable inquiry, of the individuals listed in Schedule II .
Law ” means any law (statutory, common or otherwise), constitution, treaty, convention, statute, ordinance, code, rule, regulation, standard, judgment, order, writ, injunction, ruling, decree, decision, arbitration award, agency requirement or other similar authority enacted,





adopted, promulgated, entered or applied by any Governmental Entity.
Leased Real Property ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.13(b) .
Liabilities ” means any liability, loss, Indebtedness, obligation, co-obligation, commitment, cost, expense, claim, damage, deficiency, guarantee or endorsement of or by any Person of any nature (whether direct or indirect, known or unknown, absolute or contingent, liquidated or unliquidated, due or to become due, accrued or unaccrued, matured or unmatured, or otherwise).
Lien ” means any mortgage, deed of trust, pledge, hypothecation, security interest, encumbrance, claim, lien, charge, judgment, escrow, option, easement, restrictive covenant, right of first refusal, right-of-way, encroachment, building or use restriction or other right of third parties, whether voluntarily incurred or arising by operation of Law, and includes any agreement to give any of the foregoing in the future, and any contingent or conditional sales agreement or other title retention agreement or lease in the nature thereof or the filing of, or agreement to give any financing statement, under the Laws of any jurisdiction.
Losses ” means any and all Liabilities, claims, expenses (including reasonable attorneys' fees and expenses) and damages.
Majority in Interest ” with respect to the Sellers means any combination of Sellers who hold Seller Percentages (or, with respect to any use of the term “Majority in Interest” appearing in Section 2.5 or in the definition of Closing Statement Arbitrator, Escrow Percentages) that are, in the aggregate, in excess of 50%.
Material Contract ” means ***.
Non-Filing Party ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.2(b) .
Non-Rolling Seller ” means Acorn, Enertech and ***.
North America ” means all of the following states, provinces or other political subdivisions: Alabama, Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Guam, Hawaii, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Puerto Rico, Rhode Island, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, Wisconsin, Wyoming, Aguascalientes, Baja California, Baja California Sur, Campeche, Chiapas, Chihuahua, Coahuila de Zaragoza, Colima, Distrito Federal, Durango, Guanajuato, Guerrero, Hidalgo, Jalisco, Mexico, Michoacan de Ocampo, Morelos, Nayarit, Nuevo Leon, Oaxaca, Puebla, Queretaro de Arteaga, Quintana Roo, San Luis Potosí, Sinaloa, Sonora, Tabasco, Tamaulipas, Tlaxcala, Veracruz-Llave, Yucatan, Zacatecas, Alberta, British Columbia, Manitoba, New Brunswick, Newfoundland, Northwest Territories, Nova Scotia, Nunavut, Ontario, Prince Edward Island, Quebec, Saskatchewan, and Yukon Territory.
Notice of Disagreement ” has the meaning set forth in Section 2.5(c) .
Ordinary Course of Business ” with respect to a Person means the ordinary course of business of such Person, consistent with past practice.





Organizational Documents ” has the meaning set forth in Section 3.5 .
Owned Intellectual Property ” means the Intellectual Property in which any of the Transferred Companies has an ownership interest (solely, or jointly with any Person).
Participant ” means each current or former director, officer, employee or independent contractor of any of the Transferred Companies.
Permits ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.9(b) .
Permitted Liens ” means the following Liens: ***.
Person ” means an individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, limited liability company, association, trust, unincorporated organization or other entity.
Proposed to be Conducted ” means, in respect of the Business, the conduct of the Business as proposed by the Company in the Confidential Information Memorandum dated March 2011 that was provided by the Company to the Buyer to the extent that such conduct occurs in North America or China, but, for the avoidance of any doubt, excludes the conduct of any line of business that is not included in the definition of Business hereunder.
Purchase Price ” means an amount equal to the Base Purchase Price minus the Debt Adjustment plus the Working Capital Adjustment.
Purchased Assets ” means the assets of the Transferred Companies.
Real Property Leases ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.13(b) .
Registered Intellectual Property ” means all Owned Intellectual Property that is registered, filed, recorded or issued under the authority of any Government Entity (or, in the case of an Internet domain name, with an Internet domain name registrar), or for which an application to register has been filed with any Governmental Entity.
Release ” means any releasing, spilling, emitting, leaking, pumping, depositing, disposing, discharging, migrating or injecting at, into or onto the Environment.
Representatives ” as to any Person, means such Person's directors, officers, employees, Affiliates, financial advisors, attorneys and accountants or agents.
Restricted Activities ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.2 .
Rollover Options ” means any stock options to purchase shares of Common Stock under the Stock Option Plan that will be converted into stock options of the Buyer at Closing, as agreed to among the Company, the Buyer and the applicable optionholder.
Rollover Option Deduction ” means the excess of (i) (A) the Estimated Purchase Price (assuming exercise of all outstanding stock options under the Stock Option Plan and application of the treasury stock method) multiplied by (B) the ratio of (y) the number of shares of Common Stock underlying the Rollover Options to (z) the number of Shares outstanding immediately prior to the Closing (assuming the exercise of all outstanding stock options under the Stock Option Plan and the application of the treasury stock method), over (ii) the aggregate exercise price of the





Rollover Options.
Rollover Shares ” means *** Shares beneficially owned by ***, *** beneficially owned by *** and *** Shares beneficially owned by *** which shall be contributed to the Buyer pursuant to this Agreement and the Contribution Agreements on the Closing Date.
SEC ” means the Securities and Exchange Commission of the United States.
Securities Act ” means the Securities Act of 1933, and the rules and regulations of the SEC thereunder, as amended.
Seller Guaranty ” has the meaning set forth in Section 6.7 .
Seller Indemnitees ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.1(b) .
Seller Material Adverse Effect ” means ***.
Seller Percentage ” for each Seller means the Seller Percentage beside such Seller's name on Schedule I .
Sellers ” has the meaning set forth in the introductory paragraph hereof.
Shares ” has the meaning set forth in Recital A .
Solvent ” means, in respect of any Person, that (a) the fair value of its assets is in excess of the total amount of its Liabilities; and (b) such Person is able to meet its payment obligations as they become due.
Square 1 Agreement ” means the Amended and Restated Loan and Security Agreement, dated July 1, 2010, by and among Square 1 Bank, CoaLogix Technology Holdings Inc., CoaLogix Solutions Inc., SCR-Tech, LLC, MetalliFix LLC and CoaLogix Tech LLC, and guaranteed by the Company, as amended from time to time.
Stockholders Agreement ” means the Amended and Restated Stockholders Agreement dated as of April 8, 2009, among the Company and the Sellers.
Stock Option Plan ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.2(b) .
Straddle Periods ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1(a) .
Subsidiary ” of any specified Person means another Person 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of Capital Stock or other voting interests of which, or 50% or more of the equity securities of which, is owned directly or indirectly by such specified Person.
Tax Contest ” has the meaning set forth in Section 4.8(c) .
Tax Contest Expenses ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.1(a) .
Taxes ” means all taxes, charges, fees, levies or other assessments, including any net income tax or franchise tax based on net income, any alternative or add-on minimum taxes, any gross income, gross receipts, premium, sales, use, ad valorem, value-added, transfer, profits, license, payroll, employment, withholding, excise, severance, stamp, occupation, property,





environmental or windfall profit tax, custom duty or other tax, governmental fee or other like assessment, including any interest, penalty or addition thereto.
Taxing Authority ” means the IRS and any other domestic or foreign Governmental Entity responsible for the administration and/or collection of any Tax.
Tax Return ” means all returns, reports, forms, estimates or information statements relating to or required to be filed in connection with any Tax.
Third Party Claim ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(b) .
Timely Claim ” has the meaning set forth in Section 10.2(i) .
Trademarks ” means trademarks, service marks, trade dress, logos, slogans, Internet domain names, other similar designations of source or original and general intangibles of like nature, any and all common law rights thereto, and registrations and applications for registration thereof (including intent-to-use applications), all rights therein provided by applicable Law, and all reissues, extensions and renewals of any of the foregoing together with the goodwill symbolized by or associated with any of the foregoing.
Transfer Taxes ” has the meaning set forth in Section 11.7(d) .
Transferred Companies ” has the meaning set forth in Recital B .
Transition Period ” has the meaning set forth in Section 7.1(a) .
Treasury Regulations ” means the regulations prescribed under the Code.
Wire Transfer ” means a payment in immediately available funds by wire transfer in lawful money of the United States of America to such account or accounts as shall have been designated by notice to the paying party.
Working Capital Adjustment ” means an amount equal to Current Assets minus Current Liabilities minus $***.
Working Capital Escrow ” means an amount equal to $***.
ARTICLE II

PURCHASE AND SALE OF THE SHARES
SECTION 2.1.      Purchase and Sale; Purchase Price
. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions of this Agreement, at the Closing, the Sellers shall sell all of the Shares to Buyer, and Buyer shall purchase all of the Shares from the Sellers, other than in each case the Rollover Shares, which will be contributed to the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements. The aggregate purchase price for the Shares is an amount in cash equal to the Purchase Price; provided , however , that in lieu of the portion of the Purchase Price otherwise payable with respect to the Rollover Shares, the holders thereof shall receive shares of common stock of the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements.





SECTION 2.2.      Closing
. Unless this Agreement shall have been terminated pursuant to Section 12.1 and subject to the satisfaction or waiver of each of the conditions set forth in Article VIII , the closing of the purchase and sale of the Shares (other than the Rollover Shares) and the contribution of the Rollover Shares to the Buyer (the “ Closing ”) shall take place at 10:00 a.m. Eastern time on the third Business Day following the first date on which all of the conditions set forth in Article VIII are satisfied or waived (other than those conditions that by their nature are to be satisfied at the Closing, but subject to the satisfaction or waiver of those conditions at the Closing), at the offices of Chadbourne & Parke LLP located at 30 Rockefeller Plaza, New York, New York, unless another date, time or place is agreed to in writing by the parties hereto. The actual date and time of the Closing are herein referred to as the “ Closing Date .”
SECTION 2.3.      Payment at Closing; Delivery of Shares; Contributions to Buyer .
(a)      At the Closing, (A) Buyer shall pay to each Non-Rolling Seller by Wire Transfer an amount equal to (x) the Estimated Purchase Price multiplied by the number of Shares beneficially owned by such Non-Rolling Seller divided by the total number of Shares then outstanding, less (y) the Indemnity Escrow multiplied by such Non-Rolling Seller's Escrow Percentage and less (z) the Working Capital Escrow multiplied by such Non-Rolling Seller's Escrow Percentage, (B) in lieu of the portion of the Estimated Purchase Price otherwise payable with respect to the Rollover Shares, the holders thereof shall receive shares of common stock of the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements, (C) Buyer shall pay the Indemnity Escrow and the Working Capital Escrow into the escrow account established under the Escrow Agreement (the “ Escrow Account ”), (D) the Sellers shall deliver to Buyer one or more certificates representing all of the Shares, duly endorsed in blank or with stock powers or other proper instruments of assignment duly endorsed in blank, in proper form for transfer and (E) Buyer shall issue and deliver certificates representing shares of common stock of the Buyer to each holder of Rollover Shares pursuant to the terms of the Contribution Agreements. Buyer shall be entitled to deduct and withhold from the consideration otherwise payable pursuant to this Agreement such amounts as it is required to deduct and withhold with respect to the making of such payment under the Code, or any provision of state, local or foreign Tax Law. Any amounts that are so deducted and withheld shall be treated for all purposes of this Agreement as having been paid to Sellers.
(b)      The parties acknowledge and agree that the ECP Contribution together with the contribution of the Rollover Shares by the holders thereof in exchange for common stock of the Buyer in accordance with Section 2.1 , this Section 2.3 and the Contribution Agreements is intended to be treated as a transaction governed by Sections 351(a) and (b) of the Code. Each of the parties hereto covenants and agrees to file all Tax returns consistent with the foregoing.
SECTION 2.4.      Other Closing Deliveries
. At the Closing, in addition to the payments and deliveries specified in Section 2.3(a) and as otherwise set forth herein:
(a)      The Sellers shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to Buyer the letters of resignation described in Section 6.8 ;
(b)      Each Seller shall deliver to Buyer a properly executed affidavit by such Seller prepared in accordance with Treasury Regulations Section 1.1445-2(b) certifying such Seller's non-foreign status;





(c)      The Sellers and the Company shall execute and deliver an instrument terminating the Stockholders Agreement;
(d)      The Contribution Agreements will be executed and delivered by each party thereto;
(e)      Affiliates of the Buyer shall contribute the ECP Contribution to the Buyer;
(f)      The Non-Rolling Sellers and the Buyer shall execute and deliver an escrow agreement in substantially the form of Exhibit B with an escrow agent of national repute, providing for the escrow arrangements contemplated hereby (the “ Escrow Agreement ”); and
(g)      Each party shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the other party such other documents as may be reasonably necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
SECTION 2.5.      Purchase Price Adjustment .
(a)      Estimated Closing Statement . At least *** prior to the Closing Date, the Company shall prepare and deliver to Buyer a statement (the “ Estimated Closing Statement ”) setting forth the Company's good faith determination of the Estimated Purchase Price and all supporting computations in reasonable detail. The Estimated Purchase Price set forth in the Estimated Closing Statement shall be used to determine the payments to be made on the Closing Date for all purposes, and shall, absent manifest error, not be subject to dispute prior to determination of the Final Closing Statement in accordance with Section 2.5(b) and (c) .
(b)      Final Closing Statement . Within *** after the Closing Date, Buyer shall prepare and deliver or cause to be prepared and delivered to the Non-Rolling Sellers a statement (the “ Final Closing Statement ”) setting forth Buyer's good faith determination of the Final Purchase Price and all supporting computations in reasonable detail. From and after delivery of the Final Closing Statement, Buyer and the Company shall promptly provide to the Non-Rolling Sellers such data and information as they may reasonably request relating to the amounts reflected in and the preparation of the Final Closing Statement (including access to the books and records of the Company).
(c)      Disputes . If the Non-Rolling Sellers wish to dispute the amounts set forth in the Final Closing Statement, they shall do so by delivering to Buyer a written notice of their disagreement (a “ Notice of Disagreement ”), executed by Non-Rolling Sellers holding a Majority in Interest, within *** following receipt of the Final Closing Statement. If the Non-Rolling Sellers fail to deliver such notice within such period, then the Final Closing Statement shall immediately be deemed conclusive and binding on all the parties. Any Notice of Disagreement shall specify in reasonable detail the items, dollar amounts, nature, and basis of any disagreement so asserted. During the first *** following the date upon which Buyer receives a timely Notice of Disagreement, the Non-Rolling Sellers and Buyer shall attempt in good faith to resolve in writing any differences that they may have with respect to all matters specified in the Notice of Disagreement. If during such *** period Buyer and Non-Rolling Sellers holding a Majority in Interest are able to resolve such dispute in writing, then such resolution shall be deemed conclusive and binding on all the parties. If at the end of such *** period (or earlier by mutual written agreement to arbitrate) Buyer and the Non-Rolling Sellers have not reached agreement on such matters, then, at the request of either Buyer or Non-Rolling Sellers holding a Majority in Interest, the matters that remain in dispute shall be submitted to the Closing Statement Arbitrator for review and resolution, and the parties shall be bound to arbitrate the matters in dispute in accordance with this Section 2.5(c) . The parties shall cause the hearing date to be scheduled by the Closing Statement Arbitrator as soon as





reasonably practicable, and in any event within *** after the dispute is submitted to the Closing Statement Arbitrator. Buyer on the one hand and Non-Rolling Sellers on the other shall, not later than *** prior to the hearing date set by the Closing Statement Arbitrator, deliver to the Closing Statement Arbitrator and the other party a brief setting forth such party's calculations with regard to any amounts in the Final Closing Statement that remain in dispute and such supporting information and arguments, in each case consistent with this Agreement, as such party may consider appropriate. The calculations submitted need not be the calculations discussed in prior attempts to resolve differences during the *** period after receipt of the Notice of Disagreement, but no new or additional matter or matters resolved during the *** period after receipt of the Notice of Disagreement shall be submitted to the Closing Statement Arbitrator. The Closing Statement Arbitrator shall have the authority to select the highest value for any disputed amount claimed by a disputing party, the lowest value for any disputed amount claimed by a disputing party, or any value in between such highest and lowest value, and no other value. The Closing Statement Arbitrator shall base its decision solely on information submitted by the Non-Rolling Sellers and Buyer and this Agreement and not upon independent review. Any hearing shall be conducted on a confidential basis and concluded within *** of the initial hearing date unless otherwise agreed by Non-Rolling Sellers holding a Majority in Interest and Buyer. The Closing Statement Arbitrator shall render a decision resolving the matters in dispute within *** after the conclusion of the hearing, unless the Buyer and Non-Rolling Sellers holding a Majority in Interest reach agreement in writing prior thereto and withdraw the dispute from arbitration. The Closing Statement Arbitrator shall provide to the parties explanations in writing of the reasons for its decisions regarding the Final Closing Statement and any disputed amounts set forth therein. Within *** after rendering its decision, the Closing Statement Arbitrator shall issue a revised Final Closing Statement reflecting such decisions, which shall be the Final Closing Statement for purposes of this Agreement and shall be conclusive, final and binding on the parties.
(d)      Expenses . The fees and disbursements of Buyer's independent advisors incurred in connection with the procedures performed with respect to the Final Closing Statement, the resolution of any Notice of Disagreement and their participation in any arbitration shall be borne by ***. The fees and disbursements of the Non-Rolling Sellers' independent advisors incurred in connection with the preparation of any Notice of Disagreement, the resolution of any Notice of Disagreement and their participation in any arbitration shall be borne by the ***. The other costs of any arbitration (including the fees and expenses of the Closing Statement Arbitrator) shall be borne by ***.
(e)      *** Remedy . The procedures set forth in this Section 2.5 are *** remedy for any disputes relating in any way to ***. ***.
(f)      Payment . Within *** of the Final Purchase Price having been conclusively determined in accordance with Sections 2.5(b) and  2.5(c) , if the Final Purchase Price is not equal to the Estimated Purchase Price then:
(i)      If the Final Purchase Price is greater than the Estimated Purchase Price, Buyer shall pay to each Non-Rolling Seller by Wire Transfer an amount equal to such Non-Rolling Seller's Escrow Percentage of such excess; or
(ii)      If the Estimated Purchase Price is greater than the Final Purchase Price, the Buyer and the Non-Rolling Sellers shall cause to be released from the Escrow Account an amount equal to such excess, up to the Working Capital Escrow, and if the Working Capital Escrow is insufficient, each Non-Rolling Seller shall pay to Buyer by Wire Transfer an amount equal to such Non-Rolling Seller's Escrow Percentage of the shortfall.





(g)      Release of Working Capital Escrow . If, after giving effect to Section 2.5(f) , there are funds remaining in the Working Capital Escrow, then the Buyer and the Non-Rolling Sellers shall promptly cause such funds to be released and paid to the Non-Rolling Sellers, pro rata in accordance with their Escrow Percentages.
ARTICLE III

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE SELLERS
Each Seller represents and warrants to Buyer, severally and not jointly, as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent any such representation or warranty is made as of an earlier date, in which case, as of such earlier date) as follows:
SECTION 3.1.      Organization
. Such Seller, if such Seller is not a natural person, is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the jurisdiction of its organization.
SECTION 3.2.      Title to Shares
. Such Seller is the direct beneficial and record owner of the number of Shares set forth next to such Seller's name in Section 4.2(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, free and clear of all Liens, except (a) as may be created by this Agreement, (b) for any restrictions on sales of securities under the Securities Act or other applicable securities Laws and (c) as set forth in the Stockholders Agreement. Such Seller is not party to any option, warrant, purchase right, or other contract or commitment (other than this Agreement, any Contribution Agreement to which such Seller is party, or the Stockholders Agreement) obligating such Seller to sell, transfer, pledge or otherwise dispose of any Capital Stock of the Company or of Acorn or, with respect to any stock options, to transfer or pledge the agreement under which such stock options were granted. Such Seller is not a party to any voting trust, proxy or other agreement or understanding with respect to the voting of any Capital Stock of the Company or of Acorn. Upon the Closing, Buyer shall own all of such Seller's Shares, free and clear of all Liens, except for any restrictions on sales of securities under the Securities Act or other applicable securities Laws.
SECTION 3.3.      Authorization
. Such Seller has all requisite power and authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder. The execution, delivery and performance by such Seller of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by such Seller and no other proceedings, corporate or otherwise, on the part of such Seller, and no stockholder or partnership votes, are necessary to authorize this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. This Agreement has been duly executed and delivered by such Seller and (assuming this Agreement constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer) constitutes a legal, valid and binding obligation of such Seller, enforceable against such Seller in accordance with its terms, subject to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, rehabilitation, liquidation, fraudulent conveyance, preferential transfer or similar Laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally and subject to the effect of general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law).
SECTION 3.4.      Solvency





. Such Seller is Solvent and will be Solvent after giving effect to the transactions contemplated hereby.
SECTION 3.5.      Non-contravention
. Neither the execution and delivery of this Agreement by such Seller, nor the consummation by such Seller of the transactions contemplated hereby will (i) conflict with any provision of the certificate of incorporation or bylaws (or equivalent organizational documents) (collectively, the “ Organizational Documents ”) of such Seller (if such Seller is an entity), (ii) violate or result in a breach of, constitute a default (with or without notice or lapse of time, or both) under or give rise to the loss of any benefit under any agreement, contract, lease, license, instrument or other arrangement to which such Seller is a party or by which such Seller or any of such Seller's properties or assets may be bound, (iii) violate any Law to which such Seller is subject, or (iv) result in the creation or imposition of any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) on any Capital Stock of any Transferred Company that is owned by such Seller or any Purchased Assets***.
SECTION 3.6.      Consents
. No consent or notification to any third party or any Governmental Entity is necessary or required to be obtained or made by such Seller in connection with the execution, delivery or performance of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby, other than (i) compliance with any applicable requirements of the Securities Act, (ii) compliance with the requirements of the HSR Act and any other applicable antitrust and competition Laws set forth in Section 3.6 of the Disclosure Schedule.
SECTION 3.7.      Litigation
. There are no Actions pending or*** threatened against such Seller ***.
SECTION 3.8.      Brokers' Fees
. Such Seller has not entered into any contract or other arrangement or understanding (written or oral, express or implied) with any Person, which may result in any Liability to Buyer or any of its Affiliates to pay any fees or commissions to any Person as a result of the execution and delivery of this Agreement or the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
ARTICLE IV

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF THE COMPANY
The Company represents and warrants to Buyer as of the date hereof and as of the Closing Date (except to the extent any such representation or warranty is made as of an earlier date, in which case, as of such earlier date) as follows:
SECTION 4.1.      Organization, Authority and Qualification of the Transferred Companies
. Each of the Transferred Companies is a corporation or other organization duly incorporated or organized, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of its jurisdiction of





incorporation or organization and has the requisite corporate or organizational power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to carry on its Business as now being conducted***. Each of the Transferred Companies is duly qualified or licensed as a foreign corporation or other organization to do business, and is in good standing (if applicable), in each jurisdiction in which the nature of its Business or the ownership or leasing of its properties require it to be so qualified, licensed or in good standing***. Each Transferred Company has furnished or made available to Buyer current, complete and correct copies of its Organizational Documents. The Organizational Documents of each Transferred Company are in full force and effect and have not been amended or otherwise modified. No Transferred Company is in violation of any provision of its Organizational Documents. Each Transferred Company has made available to Buyer complete and correct copies of the minutes (or, in the case of minutes that have not yet been finalized, drafts thereof) of (i) all meetings of its stockholders or other equity-holders, (ii) its board of directors (or equivalent governing body) and (iii) the committees of its board of directors (or equivalent governing body), in each case held since ***.
SECTION 4.2.      Capital Structure
.
(a)      The authorized Capital Stock of the Company consists of 5,300,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001, of which 4,538,458 shares are issued and outstanding. Except as set forth in the preceding sentence, no shares of Capital Stock of the Company are issued, reserved for issuance or outstanding. All issued and outstanding Capital Stock of the Company are owned of record and beneficially directly by Sellers. Section 4.2(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth (i) all the authorized Capital Stock of each of the Transferred Companies and (ii) the number of shares (or other applicable units) of each class or series of Capital Stock of each of the Transferred Companies that are issued and outstanding, together with the registered holder thereof. All the outstanding shares (or other applicable units) of each class or series of Capital Stock of the Transferred Companies have been, and all shares that may be issued upon the exercise of outstanding options held by Participants to purchase Common Stock (“ Company Stock Options ”) will be when issued, duly authorized and validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable and not issued in violation of any preemptive or subscription rights, and, with respect to the Capital Stock of all Transferred Companies other than the Company, are owned directly or indirectly by the Company. There are no outstanding contractual obligations of any Transferred Company to repurchase, redeem or otherwise acquire any Capital Stock of any Transferred Company (including any shares of Common Stock) or to pay any dividend or make any other distribution in respect thereof or to provide funds to, or make any investment (in the form of a loan, capital contribution or otherwise) in, any Person. There are no options, calls, warrants or convertible or exchangeable securities, or conversion, preemptive, subscription or other rights, or agreements, arrangements or commitments (contingent or otherwise) of any character, in any such case, (i) relating to any issued or unissued Capital Stock of any Transferred Company; (ii) obligating or which may obligate any Transferred Company to issue, sell, purchase, return or redeem, or to cause to be issued, sold, purchased, returned or redeemed, any shares (or other applicable units) of its Capital Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for any shares (or other applicable units) of its Capital Stock; or (iii) that give any Person the right to receive any economic benefit or right similar to or derived from the economic benefits and rights accruing to holders of Capital Stock of any Transferred Company, except (y) Company Stock Options to purchase no more than 519,409 shares of Common Stock or (z) under the Stockholders Agreement. Other than as set forth in Section 4.2(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, there are no capital appreciation rights, phantom stock plans, securities with participation rights or features, or similar obligations and commitments of the Transferred Companies.
(b)      Section 4.2(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth (subject to the cash-out of any





Company Stock Options prior to the Closing as contemplated by Section 7.1(g) ) a list of each outstanding Company Stock Option, the number of shares of Common Stock issuable or issued thereunder, and the grant date, exercise price, vesting schedule and expiration date thereof. Each Company Stock Option was issued under the Company 2008 Stock Option Plan (as amended and restated effective April 9, 2009) (the “ Stock Option Plan ”). Each grant of a Company Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Company Stock Option was by its terms to be effective (the “ Grant Date ”) by all necessary corporate action, including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes, and the award agreement governing such grant was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto***. Each such grant was made *** in accordance with the terms of the Stock Option Plan and all applicable Laws. The per-share exercise price of each Company Stock Option was no less than the fair market value of a share of Common Stock on the applicable Grant Date (as determined in accordance with the terms of the Stock Option Plan and, to the extent applicable, Sections 409A and 422 of the Code), and each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company. Each Company Stock Option intended to qualify as an “incentive stock option” under Section 422 of the Code so qualifies***.
(c)      Except for this Agreement, the Stockholders Agreement, the limited liability company agreements of the Transferred Companies that are limited liability companies, the stock option agreements set forth in Section 4.2(c) of the Disclosure Schedule, and restrictions imposed by applicable Laws, there are no voting trusts, stockholder agreements, Liens, proxies or other rights or agreements in effect with respect to the voting, transfer or dividend rights of the Shares or of any shares (or other applicable units) of Capital Stock of any Transferred Company. The Transferred Companies do not have any Subsidiaries, except as disclosed in Section 4.2(c) of the Disclosure Schedule.
SECTION 4.3.      No Conflict
. The execution and delivery by the Company and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby do not and will not (a) violate or conflict with the Organizational Documents of any Transferred Company, (b) subject to the Governmental Approvals referred to in Section 4.4 , conflict with or violate any Law or other Governmental Order applicable to any Transferred Company or by which any of them or any of their respective properties or assets is bound or subject, (c) result in any breach of, constitute a default (or event which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, give to any Person any rights of termination, acceleration or cancellation of, require any notice under, give rise to the loss of a benefit under or result in the creation of any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) on any of the assets or properties of any of the Transferred Companies pursuant to any Material Contract, Real Property Lease, or any note, bond, loan or credit agreement, mortgage or indenture to which any of the Transferred Companies is a party or by which any of them or any of their respective properties or assets is bound or subject or (d) result in the loss or impairment of or payment of any additional amounts with respect to, or require the consent of any other Person in respect of, any Transferred Company's right to own, use, or hold for use any *** Intellectual Property of the Transferred Companies, as owned, used, or held for use in the conduct of the Business by the Transferred Companies***
SECTION 4.4.      Consents and Approvals
. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by the Company do not, and the consummation by the Company of the transactions contemplated hereby will not, require any consent, approval, license, permit, order, qualification, authorization of, or registration or other action by, or any filing with or notification to, any Governmental Entity (each, a “ Governmental Approval ”) to be obtained





or made by the Company or any other Transferred Company, except for *** compliance with the requirements of the HSR Act and any other applicable antitrust and competition Laws set forth in Section 3.6 of the Disclosure Schedule.
SECTION 4.5.      Financial Information
.
(a)      Section 4.5(a) to the Disclosure Schedule contains true and correct copies of (i) the unaudited consolidated balance sheets of the Transferred Companies as of ***, respectively, and the related statements of income for the years then ended, and (ii) the unaudited consolidated balance sheet of the Transferred Companies as of *** and the related statement of income for the *** period then ended (the “ Interim Financial Statements ”). The foregoing financial statements (the “ Financial Statements ”) are the same balances included in Acorn's consolidated audited year-end and reviewed quarterly financial statements and were prepared in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods presented and fairly present *** the financial position of the Transferred Companies on a consolidated basis as of the dates thereof and the results of their operations for the periods then ended, consistent with the books and records of the Transferred Companies (subject, in the case of the Interim Financial Statements, to normal year-end adjustments, which will not be material in amount). Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, all transactions between any Transferred Company, on the one hand, and any Affiliate of such Transferred Company, on the other hand, are properly accounted for in the Financial Statements in accordance with GAAP.
(b)      Since ***, there have been no internal investigations regarding financial reporting or accounting policies and practices at or with respect to any Transferred Company discussed with, reviewed by or initiated at the direction of the chief executive officer, chief financial officer or general counsel of such Transferred Company, such Transferred Company's board of directors or any committee thereof.
(c)      Each Transferred Company maintains a system of internal accounting controls designed to provide reasonable assurance that: (i) transactions are executed in accordance with management's general or specific authorizations; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences. Each Transferred Company maintains internal control over financial reporting that provides reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP.
(d)      No Transferred Company, nor any of its Subsidiaries, is a party to, or has any commitment to become a party to, any joint venture, off-balance sheet partnership or any similar agreement (including any agreement relating to any transaction or relationship between or among such Transferred Company, or any of its Subsidiaries, on the one hand, and any unconsolidated Affiliate, including any structured finance, special purpose or limited purpose entity or Person, on the other hand), or any “off-balance sheet arrangements” (as defined in Item 303(a) of Regulation S-K of the SEC), where the result, purpose or intended effect of such agreement is to avoid disclosure of any material transaction involving, or material Indebtedness of, such Transferred Company, or any of its Subsidiaries.
(e)      Since ***, Acorn has not received any oral or written notification of any (x)





“significant deficiency” or (y) “material weakness” in such Transferred Company's internal control over financial reporting. For purposes of this Agreement, the terms “significant deficiency” and “material weakness” shall have the meanings assigned to them by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board Interim Standard AU 325 parts 2 and 3, as in effect on the date hereof.
(f)      Section 4.5(f) to the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and accurate list of all loan or credit agreements, notes, bonds, mortgages, indentures and other agreements and instruments pursuant to which any Indebtedness of the Transferred Companies is outstanding or may be incurred and the respective principal amounts outstanding thereunder as of the date of this Agreement.
(g)      Except (i) as set forth in Section 4.5(f) to the Disclosure Schedule, (ii) ***; (iii) for Liabilities ***; and (iv) Liabilities that ***, there are no Liabilities, accrued, contingent or otherwise, of any of the Transferred Companies of any nature of a type that would be required under GAAP to be reflected on a combined and consolidated financial statement dated as of the date hereof.
(h)      No Transferred Company is, or has at any time since *** been, subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
SECTION 4.6.      Absence of Certain Changes or Events
. Other than in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby or as reflected in the Disclosure Schedule (including Section 4.6 thereof), since ***, each of the Transferred Companies has conducted its business in the Ordinary Course of Business, and there has not occurred: (i) any event or events having a Company Material Adverse Effect; or (ii) any change in accounting methods, principles or practices by the Company ***, except insofar as may have been required by Law or required or permitted by a change in applicable accounting principles. In addition, except as set forth in Section 4.6 of the Disclosure Schedule, since ***, no Transferred Company has taken any action that, individually or in the aggregate, would be prohibited by Section 6.1 if such section applied during the period from ***.
SECTION 4.7.      Employee Benefits; Employees
.
(a)      Each (i) “employee benefit plan,” as defined in Section 3(3) of ERISA, or (ii) incentive, profit-sharing, stock option, stock purchase, other equity-based, employment, consulting, vacation or other leave, change of control, retention, severance, deferred compensation and other compensation or benefit plan, program or agreement, in each case established, sponsored or maintained by the Company or any of its Affiliates or to which the Company or any of its Affiliates contributes or is obligated to contribute, or to which the Company or any of its Affiliates is a party, for the benefit of any Participant, is referred to herein as a “ Benefit Plan .” Section 4.7(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth each Benefit Plan. Except for the employment agreements identified with an asterisk in Section 4.7(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, each Benefit Plan is sponsored or maintained solely by one or more of the Transferred Companies, and no company other than the Transferred Companies is a party to any Benefit Plan. With respect to each Benefit Plan, the Company has delivered or made available to Buyer (w) such Benefit Plan, including any amendments thereto, (x) each trust, insurance, annuity or other funding contract related thereto, (y) the most recent financial statements and actuarial or other valuation reports prepared with respect thereto, and (z) the *** most recent annual reports on Form 5500 required to be filed with the IRS with respect thereto (if any).
(b)      Except as set forth in Section 4.7(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, each Benefit Plan





has been operated and administered in compliance *** with its terms and with applicable Law including ERISA and the Code. Except as set forth in Section 4.7(b) of the Disclosure Schedule, each of the Transferred Companies is in compliance *** with ERISA, the Code and all other Laws applicable to the Benefit Plans.
(c)      The Transferred Companies do not have any Liability under Section 412 of the Code, Section 302 of ERISA or Title IV of ERISA with respect to any Benefit Plan. The Transferred Companies do not have any Liability with respect to any “multiemployer plan,” as defined in Section 3(37) of ERISA. There does not exist, nor do any circumstances exist that could reasonably be expected to result in, any Controlled Group Liability after the Closing on Buyer, any Transferred Company or any of their respective Affiliates. No Benefit Plan is an “employee pension benefit plan” within the meaning of Section 3(2) of ERISA that is subject to Section 302 of ERISA or Section 412 of the Code.
(d)      All contributions required to be made under the terms of any Benefit Plan have been timely made when due ***.
(e)      None of the Transferred Companies has any obligations for, and none of the Benefit Plans provides to any Participant, retiree welfare benefits other than (i) coverage mandated by applicable Law and (ii) coverage that continues during an applicable severance period.
(f)      There is not in existence, nor has there been within the *** prior to the date hereof, any pending or*** threatened: (A) strike, slowdown, stoppage, picketing, interruption of work, lockout or any other dispute or controversy with or involving a labor organization or with respect to unionization or collective bargaining; (B) labor-related organizational effort, election activities, or request or demand for negotiations, recognition or representation; or (C) arbitration, claim of unfair labor practice, workers' compensation claim, claim or investigation of wrongful discharge, claim or investigation of employment discrimination or retaliation, claim or investigation of sexual or other harassment, claim or investigation relating to the wages or hours of any employee or group of employees, claim or investigation relating to compliance with immigration Laws or other employment dispute of any nature, in each case involving any of the Participants or against any of the Transferred Companies ***.
(g)      (i) None of the Transferred Companies is or has ever been a party to or bound by any collective bargaining agreement, other agreement or understanding or work rules or practice with any labor union or any other similar organization and (ii) none of the Participants is subject to or covered by any such collective bargaining agreement, other agreement or understanding, work rules or practice, or arbitration award, or is represented by any labor organization with respect to such Participant's services performed by any Transferred Company.
(h)      As of the date hereof and since ***, each of the Transferred Companies (i) is and has been in compliance *** with all applicable U.S. federal, state and local Laws and foreign Laws which relate to employment, equal employment opportunity, nondiscrimination, wages, hours, benefits, classification of employees, leaves, disability, immigration, employment and reemployment rights of members of the uniformed services, secondment and plant closings and layoffs (including the Worker Adjustment and Retraining Notification Act and comparable state, local or other Laws); and (ii) is not liable for any arrears of wages, other compensation or benefits (other than such liabilities that have been incurred in the Ordinary Course of Business), or any Taxes or penalties for failure to comply with any of the foregoing.
(i)      Except as set forth in Section 4.7(i) of the Disclosure Schedule, the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement will not (either alone or together with any other event)





entitle any Participant to severance, change of control or other similar pay or benefits under, or accelerate the time of payment or vesting or trigger any payment or funding (through a grantor trust or otherwise) of compensation or benefits under, or increase the amount payable or trigger any other *** obligation pursuant to any Benefit Plan.
(j)      Section 4.7(j) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth, with respect to each “disqualified individual” (as defined in Section 280G(c) of the Code) with respect to the Company that could reasonably be expected to receive any “excess parachute payment” (as defined in Section 280G(b)(1) of the Code), such person's name, title and base amount (as defined in Section 280G(b)(3) of the Code). Except as set forth in Section 4.7(j) of the Disclosure Schedule, no other “disqualified individual” with respect to the Company will receive a payment or benefit which constitutes an excess parachute payment.
(k)      No Benefit Plan provides for, and the Transferred Companies are not a party to, any Contract with any Participant which entitles such Participant to receive any gross-up or additional payment by reason of the Tax required by Section 409A or Section 4999 of the Code being imposed on such person.
(l)      Each employee whose duties relate to the Business of the Transferred Companies is employed by a Transferred Company, and each independent contractor whose duties relate to the Business of the Transferred Companies is engaged to perform services for a Transferred Company. Except as set forth on Section 4.7(l) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Transferred Companies do not employ any employees whose duties do not relate exclusively to the Business of the Transferred Companies. No Participants are or have been employed by any Transferred Company outside the United States.
SECTION 4.8.      Taxes
. Except as set forth in Section 4.8 of the Disclosure Schedule:
(a)      All income Tax Returns and other *** Tax Returns required to be filed by or with respect to the Transferred Companies on or prior to the Closing Date have been timely filed or will have been timely filed (in each case, taking into account any applicable extensions) prior to the Closing Date. All *** Taxes required to be paid or withheld by a Transferred Company have been timely paid or withheld and remitted (taking into account any applicable extensions), as appropriate, to the proper Taxing Authority, except for Taxes being contested in good faith and for which reserves or accruals have been reflected on or otherwise taken into account on the Financial Statements. The unpaid Taxes of or with respect to each Transferred Company did not, as of the date of the Interim Financial Statements, exceed the reserve for Tax Liability (excluding any reserve for deferred Taxes established to reflect timing differences between book and Tax income) set forth on the face of the Interim Financial Statements and since such date, no Transferred Company has incurred any Liability for Taxes outside the Ordinary Course of Business or otherwise inconsistent with past custom and practice. No Taxing Authority in a jurisdiction where any Transferred Company has not filed a Tax Return has made a claim or assertion in writing that any Transferred Company is or may be subject to Tax by such jurisdiction in respect of Taxes that would be covered by or the subject of such Tax Return. There are no Liens relating to Taxes on any of the Transferred Companies or their assets other than Permitted Liens.
(b)      Except for agreements, documents and powers of attorney that have expired, no written agreement or other document extending, waiving or having the effect of extending or waiving (i) the period of assessment or collection of any Taxes of or relating to the Transferred Companies or (ii) the application of any statute of limitations of any jurisdiction regarding assessment or collection of





any Tax has been executed or filed with the IRS or any other Taxing Authority.
(c)      No federal, state, local, or foreign audit, examination, refund litigation, claim, adjustment in controversy, or other administrative proceeding or court proceeding (each a “ Tax Contest ”) exists or has been initiated in writing with regard to *** Tax Returns of or that include the Transferred Companies and none of the Transferred Companies has received any written notice that any such Tax Contest is pending or threatened.
(d)      None of the Transferred Companies has Liability under Section 1.1502-6 of the Treasury Regulations or any similar provision of foreign, state or local Law for the Taxes of any Person other than another Transferred Company. No Transferred Company is currently a member of a U.S. consolidated group other than a group consisting solely of some or all of the Transferred Companies and of which the Company is the common parent.
(e)      No Tax attribute of any Transferred Company was required to be reduced under Section 1.1502-36 of the Treasury Regulations (or any corresponding provision of state Law) during the *** prior to the date of this Agreement.
(f)      All Tax sharing, Tax allocation or Tax indemnity agreements or arrangements, if any, relating to any Transferred Company (other than this Agreement) have been (or as of the Closing will have been) terminated, and no Transferred Company will have Liability thereunder after the Closing Date.
(g)      No Transferred Company has been a “distributing corporation” or a “controlled corporation” in connection with a distribution of stock that was intended to qualify for tax-free treatment under Section 355(a) or Section 361 of the Code and that occurred during the *** prior to the date of this Agreement.
(h)      No Transferred Company has engaged in any “reportable transaction,” as defined in Section 1.6011-4 of the Treasury Regulations, or any other transaction similar thereto under analogous state, local or foreign Tax Law.
(i)      No property owned by any Transferred Company (i) is property required to be treated as being owned by another Person pursuant to the provisions of Section 168(f)(8) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954, as amended and in effect immediately prior to the enactment of the Tax Reform Act of 1986, (ii) constitutes “tax-exempt use property” within the meaning of Section 168(h)(1) of the Code or (iii) is “tax-exempt bond financed property” within the meaning of Section 168(g) of the Code.
(j)      None of the Transferred Companies will be required to include any item of income in, or exclude any item of deduction from, taxable income for any period (or any portion thereof) ending after the Closing Date as a result of (i) any installment sale on or prior to the Closing Date, (ii) any accounting method change, or agreement with any Taxing Authority, in either case occurring simultaneously with or prior to the Closing, (iii) any prepaid amount received simultaneously with or prior to the Closing, (iv) any intercompany transaction or excess loss account described in Section 1502 of the Code (or any corresponding provision of state, local or foreign Tax law) and occurring or arising, as applicable, on or prior to the Closing Date, or (v) any election under Section 108(i) of the Code made simultaneously with or prior to the Closing.
(k)      None of the Transferred Companies (i) is, or is or has been a shareholder of, a “passive foreign investment company” within the meaning of Section 1297 of the Code; (ii) during the





period commencing on the first day of any Straddle Period and ending at the close of business on the Closing Date, has incurred or will incur any item of income which could constitute subpart F income within the meaning of Section 952 of the Code (for the avoidance of doubt, not including any item of income that is incurred after the Closing Date); (iii) as of the Closing Date, will hold assets which constitute U.S. property within the meaning of Section 956 of the Code; or (iv) is or was (A) a “surrogate foreign corporation” within the meaning of Section 7874 of the Code, (B) treated as a U.S. corporation under Section 7874 of the Code or (C) was created or organized in the U.S. as a domestic entity pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-5(a).
(l)      All of the Transferred Companies that are not United States persons (as defined in Section 7701(a)(30)) are treated as corporations for U.S. federal Tax purposes. No entity classification election pursuant to Treasury Regulations Section 301.7701-3 has been filed with respect to any Transferred Company other than an entity classification election to treat SCR-Tech LLC as a corporation for U.S. federal Tax purposes.
(m)      There are currently no limitations on the utilization of the net operating losses, tax credit carryovers or other attributes of any of the Transferred Companies under Sections 382 through 384 of the Code (or any corresponding or similar provisions of state or local Law).
(n)      The representations and warranties set forth in this Section 4.8 and Section 4.7 are the sole and exclusive representations and warranties of the Company and the Sellers regarding Tax matters. The representations and warranties set forth in this Section 4.8 , other than Section 4.8(d) , Section 4.8(f) , Section 4.8(g) , Section 4.8(j) and Section 4.8(k) , refer only to past activities of the Transferred Companies and are not intended to serve as representations and warranties regarding, or a guarantee of, nor can they be relied upon with respect to, Taxes attributable to any Tax period (or portion thereof) beginning after the Closing Date.
SECTION 4.9.      Compliance with Laws; Permits
.
(a)      None of the Transferred Companies has been at any time since *** in violation of any Law or Governmental Order applicable to it or its assets, properties or businesses***. Except as set forth in Section 4.9(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, no Transferred Company has received any written notice to the effect that it (i) has violated or is not in compliance with any such Law or Governmental Order or (ii) is the subject of any investigation in any jurisdiction where it does business and there are no grounds for the same. As of the date of this Agreement, none of the Transferred Companies is a party to, or bound by, any Governmental Order ***.
(b)      Each of the Transferred Companies holds all governmental qualifications, registrations, filings, licenses, permits, approvals or authorizations necessary to conduct its Business and to own or use its assets and properties, as such Business, assets and properties are conducted, owned and used on the date hereof (collectively, the “ Permits ”)***. All *** Permits are valid and in full force and effect. As of the date hereof, none of the Transferred Companies is the subject of any pending or*** threatened Action seeking the revocation, suspension, termination, modification or impairment of any Permit***.
(c)      None of the Transferred Companies and*** none of their respective Representatives acting on their behalf, has, in connection with the operation of their respective businesses, (i) used or promised any funds for unlawful contributions, payments, gifts or entertainment, or made any





unlawful expenditures relating to political activity to government officials, candidates or members of political parties or organizations, or established or maintained any unlawful or unrecorded funds in violation of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, as if it were applicable at that time, or any other similar applicable Law; (ii) paid, promised, accepted or received any unlawful contributions, payments, expenditures, gifts or anything else of value; or (iii) violated or operated in noncompliance with any export restrictions, anti-boycott regulations, embargo regulations or other applicable Laws of any Governmental Entity.
SECTION 4.10.      Litigation
. Except as set forth in Section 4.10 of the Disclosure Schedule, as of the date of this Agreement, there are no Actions or investigations pending or*** threatened against any of the Transferred Companies, or by which any Transferred Company's property or assets may be bound. None of the Actions or investigations currently pending or threatened against any of the Transferred Companies or by which any Transferred Company's property or assets may be bound, if adversely determined, would reasonably be expected to have***. There are no Actions pending or*** threatened against any Transferred Company, or by which any Transferred Company's property or assets may be bound, that would be expected to delay, limit or enjoin the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. *** there are no unasserted claims *** that, if asserted, would be required to be disclosed in Section 4.10 of the Disclosure Schedule. Except as set forth in Section 4.10 of the Disclosure Schedule, there is no Action or investigation by any Transferred Company pending, or which the Transferred Company intends to initiate, against any other Person.
SECTION 4.11.      Material Contracts
. Section 4.11 of the Disclosure Schedule lists each of the Material Contracts as in effect on the date of this Agreement. Each Material Contract is a valid and binding obligation of the Transferred Company that is party thereto and*** as of the date hereof, each other party to such Material Contract. Each such Material Contract is enforceable against the Transferred Company that is party thereto, and*** each such other party, in accordance with its terms (subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, rehabilitation, liquidation, fraudulent conveyance, preferential transfer or similar Laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally and subject, as to enforceability, to the effect of general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law)). Except as set forth on Section 4.11 of the Disclosure Schedule, none of the Transferred Companies or*** any other party to a Material Contract is in default under or breach of a Material Contract, and*** there does not exist any event, condition or omission that would constitute such a default or breach (whether by lapse of time or notice or both), in each case***.
SECTION 4.12.      Intellectual Property
. Except as set forth in Section 4.12 of the Disclosure Schedule:
(a)      The Transferred Companies own, or have enforceable rights or licenses to use, the *** Intellectual Property used in the Business of the Transferred Companies as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted. *** each item of such Intellectual Property is valid and subsisting. In each case in which the Transferred Companies have acquired any Intellectual Property from any Person, each of such Transferred Companies has obtained a valid and enforceable assignment (including the right to seek past and future damages with respect thereto) or license in such Intellectual Property as are necessary or useful for the conduct of the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted. To the





maximum extent provided for by, and in accordance with, applicable Laws, the Transferred Companies have recorded each assignment of Intellectual Property assigned to the Transferred Companies with the relevant Governmental Entity, including the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, the U.S. Copyright Office, or their respective equivalents in any relevant foreign jurisdiction, as the case may be.
(b)      Section 4.12(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and correct listing of all Registered Intellectual Property. Each Registered Intellectual Property listed in Section 4.12(b) of the Disclosure Schedule (i) is in proper form, (ii) has not been disclaimed and (iii) has been duly maintained, including the submission of all necessary filings in accordance with the legal and administrative requirements of the appropriate jurisdictions, and the patents described in Section 4.12(b) of the Disclosure Schedule are*** valid and enforceable. All necessary registration, maintenance and renewal fees in connection with Registered Intellectual Property have been paid and all necessary documents and certificates in connection with Registered Intellectual Property have been filed with the relevant patent, copyright, trademark or other authorities in the United States or foreign jurisdictions, as the case may be, for the purposes of maintaining such Registered Intellectual Property. Each owner listed in Section 4.12(b) of the Disclosure Schedule is listed in the records of the appropriate Governmental Entity as the sole owner of record.
(c)      The *** Intellectual Property used in the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted is*** valid and enforceable. Without limiting the foregoing, *** there is no information, materials, facts, or circumstances, including any information or fact that would constitute prior art, that would render any of the Intellectual Property used in the Business, as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted, invalid or unenforceable, or would adversely effect any pending application for Intellectual Property, and the Transferred Companies have not misrepresented, or failed to disclose, and have no knowledge of any misrepresentation or failure to disclose, any fact or circumstances in any application for Intellectual Property that would constitute fraud or a misrepresentation with respect to such application or that would otherwise affect the validity or enforceability of Intellectual Property.
(d)      Except as set forth in Section 4.12(d) of the Disclosure Schedule, the Transferred Companies do not have an explicit or implied legal obligation, absolute or contingent, to any Person to sell, transfer or assign any of the Intellectual Property used in the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted. The Transferred Companies have not made any assignment or granted any license, and are not under any obligation to grant any such license or rights, including any or all of the Intellectual Property used in the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted, to any Person, under any of the Intellectual Property used in the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted.
(e)      Except as set forth in Section 4.12(e) of the Disclosure Schedule, none of the Transferred Companies has received any notice of any infringement or misappropriation of the rights of any third party that has not been resolved with respect to any Intellectual Property used in the conduct of the Business. None of the Intellectual Property used in the Business as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted is subject to any pending or threatened outstanding order, contract, stipulation, proceeding, or notification, including without limitation any pending interference, opposition, cancellation, reissue, reexamination, or other challenge or adversarial proceeding, restricting in any manner the use, transfer, or licensing by Transferred Companies of any Registered Intellectual Property, or which may affect the validity, use or enforceability of any of the Intellectual Property.
(f)      Except as set forth in Section 4.12(f) of the Disclosure Schedule, (i) the conduct of the Business of the Transferred Companies as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted does not infringe or misappropriate any Intellectual Property right of any third party and (ii) *** no Person is





infringing or misappropriating any Owned Intellectual Property which is necessary for the conduct of the Business of the Transferred Companies as currently conducted or Proposed to be Conducted.
(g)      The Transferred Companies have established and maintain *** security programs and privacy policies and are in *** compliance with such programs and policies. Without limitation to the foregoing, each current and former Employee, consultant and contractor who has had access to confidential Intellectual Property owned by or licensed to the Transferred Companies has executed an agreement to maintain the confidentiality of such Intellectual Property and has executed appropriate agreements that are substantially consistent with the Transferred Companies' standard forms thereof. *** except as set forth in Section 4.12 (g) of the Disclosure Schedule or pursuant to confidentiality obligations, no current or former Employee, consultant or contractor has disclosed any of the Transferred Companies' confidential information or trade secrets to any third party. Each current and former Employee, consultant, and contractor who has had any potential involvement in the conception or development of any Intellectual Property has signed appropriate agreements with the Transferred Companies ensuring that all rights, title and interests in and to all such Intellectual Property will be assigned to the Transferred Companies and be deemed solely owned by the Transferred Companies, and all such agreements are substantially consistent with the Transferred Companies' standard form thereof. *** no current or former Employee, consultant or contractor has breached or otherwise violated any agreement with the Company referred to in this Section 4.12(g) . It will not be necessary to use any inventions of any of its employees or consultants (or Persons it currently intends to hire) made prior to their employment by the Transferred Companies to operate the Business. *** each employee and consultant has assigned to the Transferred Companies all intellectual property rights he or she owns that are related to the Business as now conducted or Proposed to be Conducted.
(h)      The consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby will not result in the alteration, loss, impairment of or restriction on the Company's ownership or license to any Intellectual Property or the validity, priority, scope, enforceability, use, right to use, ownership, license rights, inventorship, effectiveness or duration of any of Intellectual Property owned by or licensed to the Company.
SECTION 4.13.      Real Property
.
(a)      None of the Transferred Companies owns any real property or interest in real property in fee (or as an easement) as of the date hereof.
(b)      Section 4.13(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a complete and correct list of all real property leased as of the date hereof by any of the Transferred Companies (all such property, the “ Leased Real Property ”), and the leases (together with any amendments or modifications thereto) pursuant to which the Leased Real Property is leased (collectively, the “ Real Property Leases ”). As of the date hereof, a Transferred Company has a valid and enforceable leasehold interest under each of the Real Property Leases, subject only to Permitted Liens and, as of the date hereof, none of the Transferred Companies has received any written notice of any default under any Real Property Lease, and *** no event has occurred and no condition exists that, with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default by any Transferred Company or any other party under any of the Real Property Leases.
(c)      (i) The Transferred Companies do not use any real property in the conduct of their Business other than the Leased Real Property and (ii) the Transferred Companies' interests in the Leased Real Property pursuant to the Real Property Leases constitute all of the real property interests necessary





and sufficient for the Transferred Companies to operate their Business as currently conducted, and to operate and maintain the Leased Real Property as currently operated and maintained.
(d)      With respect to the Leased Real Property or any interest therein, none of the Sellers or Transferred Companies has received any written notice of, nor*** does there exist any pending or threatened, condemnation, litigation, administrative action or similar proceedings, or any sale or other disposition of any Leased Real Property or any part thereof or interest therein in lieu of condemnation ***.
(e)      Except as set forth in Section 4.13(e) of the Disclosure Schedule***: (i) none of the Leased Real Property is subject to or encumbered by any option, right of first refusal or other contractual right or obligation to sell, assign or dispose of such Leased Real Property; and (ii) there is not any option, right of first refusal or other contractual right or obligation to sell, assign, modify or dispose of any Transferred Company's interests in the Leased Real Property.
(f)      The Company has delivered or has made available to Buyer complete and accurate copies of all of the following materials relating to the Leased Real Property to the extent in the possession or control of the Sellers, the Transferred Companies, or any of their respective Representatives: the Real Property Leases, and any consents, estoppels and subordination or non-disturbance agreements pertaining thereto; title insurance policies, commitments, and preliminary title reports; encumbrances and easement documents and other documents and agreements affecting title to, or pertaining to operation of, the Leased Real Property; and surveys and site plans.
SECTION 4.14.      Brokers
. Except for UBS Securities LLC, no broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker's, finder's, financial advisor's or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of the Company.
SECTION 4.15.      Affiliate Transactions
. Section 4.15 of the Disclosure Schedule lists all Intercompany Agreements in effect as of the date hereof.
SECTION 4.16.      Insurance
.
(a)      Section 4.16(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth each of the insurance policies in force naming any of the Transferred Companies or Representatives thereof as an insured or beneficiary or as a loss payable payee or for which any Transferred Company has paid or is obligated to pay all or part of the premiums (the “ Insurance Policies ”). As of the date hereof, all Insurance Policies are in full force and effect (and all premiums due and payable thereon have been paid in full on a timely basis), and no written notice of cancellation, termination, revocation or premium increase (retroactive or otherwise) or other written notice that any Insurance Policy is no longer in full force or effect or that the issuer of any Insurance Policy is disclaiming liability or not willing or able to perform its obligations thereunder has been received by any of the Transferred Companies and*** none of the Transferred Companies is in default of any provision of the Insurance Policies***. The Transferred Companies' insurance coverage is adequate to satisfy all of their contractual insurance obligations required under the terms of any Material Contract or as required by applicable Law.





(b)      Section 4.16(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth all claims, if any, by any Transferred Company that have been made since ***, are pending or are anticipated to be made under any Insurance Policy or bond, including the nature of the claim, date of loss, date of claim, amount of insurance claim, amount of insurance proceeds collected and, with respect to pending claims, whether the insurer has denied or disputed coverage or has reserved its rights.
SECTION 4.17.      Environmental
.
(a)      Each Transferred Company is in *** compliance with applicable Environmental Law, including obtaining and maintaining possession of, and complying with the terms and conditions (including mitigation requirements) of all *** Governmental Approvals required to be held by, or issued to, any Transferred Company under applicable Environmental Law for the current operation of such Transferred Company's Business. All such Governmental Approvals are current and valid *** with respect to the Business of the Transferred Companies. There are no *** facts that would *** be expected to result in the (i) revocation, termination, adverse modification or non-renewal of any Governmental Approval or (ii) failure of the Transferred Company to be in compliance with applicable Environmental Law***.
(b)      No Transferred Company is subject to any pending Actions or*** any Actions threatened *** pursuant to any applicable Environmental Law, and no Transferred Company has received any other written notices of Liability or violation from any Person under any applicable Environmental Law relating to such Transferred Company's Business or the Leased Real Property.
(c)      There are no writs, injunctions, decrees, orders or judgments to which any Transferred Company is a party that are outstanding relating to the compliance of such Transferred Company with, or the Liability of such Transferred Company under, any Environmental Laws.
(d)      No Hazardous Materials have been Released into the environment at any Leased Real Property***.
(e)      No Transferred Company is a party to any contract pursuant to which it is obligated to indemnify any other Person with respect to, or be responsible for, any pending or unresolved Liability pursuant to any Environmental Law.
(f)      The Company has made available to the Buyer in the data room established by the Company for the transactions contemplated by this Agreement all written environmental reports, assessments and audits (except for supplementary materials in support of such reports, assessments and audits) that are in any Transferred Company's possession, custody or control concerning material issues of noncompliance or Liability (including reports which state a need to take material corrective actions) under applicable Environmental Law regarding any Transferred Company or any Leased Real Property.
SECTION 4.18.      Commercial Relationships
.
(a)      Section 4.18(a) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth a list of each customer of the Transferred Companies for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010 that was billed at least $***, in the aggregate, by the Transferred Companies in such fiscal year. None of the Transferred Companies has received notification (whether written or*** oral) that any such customer intends to terminate or ***





change its relationship with the relevant Transferred Company.
(b)      Section 4.18(b) of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth: (i) the *** largest suppliers to the Transferred Companies for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2010, measured by the dollar amount of payments made to such suppliers and (ii) any sole source supplier of any Transferred Company. None of the Transferred Companies has received notification (whether written or*** oral) that any such supplier, contract manufacturer or sole supplier intends to terminate or *** change its relationship with the relevant Transferred Company.
SECTION 4.19.      Title to Assets; Sufficiency of Assets
. Other than as set forth in Section 4.19 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Transferred Companies have legally valid and good title to, and in the case of leased or licensed assets and properties, legally valid and subsisting leasehold interests or licenses in, all of their *** personal properties and assets free and clear of all Liens other than Permitted Liens. Such properties and assets include all properties and assets necessary for the conduct of the Business of the Transferred Companies. All vehicles, machinery, equipment and tools of the Transferred Companies are usable and operable in good working order and condition and are in a good state of repair, subject only to ordinary wear and tear, and have been subject to regular maintenance. The tangible *** assets of the Transferred Companies are free from *** defects, have been maintained in accordance with customary maintenance practices, are in good operating condition and repair*** and are usable in the Ordinary Course of Business and conform *** to all applicable Laws relating to their use and operation.
SECTION 4.20.      Inventory
. Section 4.20 of the Disclosure Schedule lists all of the Transferred Companies' inventory as of the date hereof, categorized by new, used, refurbished or regenerated and work in process inventory. All of the inventory was acquired and has been maintained in accordance with the Transferred Companies' regular business practices and in the case of new, refurbished or regenerated items, are of a quality and quantity usable or salable in the Ordinary Course of Business, and is valued at reasonable amounts based on the Transferred Companies' normal valuation policies. None of such inventory is obsolete, unusable, slow-moving, damaged (except for inventory awaiting refurbishment or regeneration), defective (except for inventory awaiting refurbishment or regeneration) or unsalable in the Ordinary Course of Business, and no previously sold inventory is subject to refunds ***. The Transferred Companies have good and marketable title to the inventory, free and clear of any Liens, and all *** commitments or orders for work-in-process were entered into in the Ordinary Course of Business.
SECTION 4.21.      Product Liability
. Except as set forth on Section 4.21 of the Disclosure Schedule, the Transferred Companies have no Liability (and*** there is no basis for any present or future Action, investigation, charge, complaint or demand against any of them giving rise to any Liability) arising out of any injury to individuals or property as a result of the ownership, possession, or use of any product manufactured, refurbished, regenerated, sold, leased or delivered by any Transferred Company.
SECTION 4.22.      Bank Accounts; Powers of Attorney
. Section 4.22 of the Disclosure Schedule sets forth the name of each bank in which any Transferred Company has an account, lock box or safe deposit box, the number of each such account, lock box and safe deposit box, and the names of all Persons authorized to draw thereon or have access thereto.





No Person holds any power of attorney from the Transferred Companies.
SECTION 4.23.      Delaware Takeover Statute
. The restrictions on business combinations contained in Section 203 of the Delaware Act do not apply with respect to or as a result of this Agreement and the transactions contemplated hereby. No other state takeover statute or similar statute or regulation is applicable to or purports to be applicable to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
SECTION 4.24.      ***
.
(a)      ***.
(b)      ***.
ARTICLE V

REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES OF BUYER
Buyer represents and warrants to the Company and the Sellers as follows:
SECTION 5.1.      Incorporation and Authority of Buyer
. Buyer is a corporation duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the Laws of the State of Delaware. Buyer has all requisite corporate or other applicable organizational power and authority to enter into, consummate the transactions contemplated by and carry out its obligations under this Agreement. The execution and delivery by Buyer of this Agreement and the consummation by Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby have been duly authorized by all requisite corporate action on the part of Buyer. This Agreement has been, or upon execution and delivery hereof, will be, duly executed and delivered by Buyer. Assuming due authorization, execution and delivery by the other parties hereto, this Agreement constitutes, or upon execution and delivery hereof, will constitute, the legal, valid and binding obligation of Buyer, enforceable against it in accordance with its terms, subject in each case to the effect of any applicable bankruptcy, reorganization, insolvency, moratorium, rehabilitation, liquidation, fraudulent conveyance, preferential transfer or similar Laws now or hereafter in effect relating to or affecting creditors' rights and remedies generally and subject, as to enforceability, to the effect of general equitable principles (regardless of whether enforcement is sought in a proceeding in equity or at law).
SECTION 5.2.      No Conflict
. The execution and delivery by Buyer, and the consummation by Buyer of the transactions contemplated by, this Agreement do not and will not (a) violate or conflict with the Organizational Documents of Buyer, (b) subject to the Governmental Approvals referred to in Section 5.3 , conflict with or violate in any material respect any Law or other Governmental Order applicable to Buyer or by which it or any of its properties or assets is bound or subject or (c) result in any breach of, constitute a default (or event which, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute a default) under, give to any Person any rights of termination, acceleration or cancellation of, require any notice under, give rise to





the loss of a benefit under or result in the creation of any Lien (other than Permitted Liens) on any of the assets or properties of Buyer pursuant to, any material contract or any note, bond, loan or credit agreement, mortgage or indenture to which Buyer is a party or by which it or its respective properties or assets is bound or subject, except, in the case of clauses (b) or (c), for any such breaches, defaults, terminations, accelerations, cancellations or creations that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Buyer Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 5.3.      Consents and Approvals
. The execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement by Buyer do not, and the consummation by Buyer of the transactions contemplated hereby will not, require any Governmental Approval to be obtained or made by Buyer or any Affiliate of Buyer, except for (i) those required by the HSR Act and any other applicable antitrust and competition Laws and (ii) any Governmental Approval that if not obtained or made would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Buyer Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 5.4.      Securities Laws Matters
. The Shares are being acquired by Buyer for its own account and without a view to the public distribution or sale of the Shares or any interest in them. Buyer understands and agrees that it may not sell, transfer, assign, pledge or otherwise dispose of any of the Shares other than pursuant to a registered offering in compliance with, or in a transaction exempt from, the registration requirements of the Securities Act and applicable state and foreign securities Laws.
SECTION 5.5.      Litigation
. As of the date of this Agreement, there are no Actions pending or*** threatened against any of Buyer or its Affiliates that, individually or in the aggregate, would reasonably be expected to have a Buyer Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 5.6.      Ability to Consummate Transaction
. Buyer has access to, and on the Closing Date will have, sufficient funds available to purchase the Shares on the terms and conditions contemplated by this Agreement, to consummate the other transactions contemplated by this Agreement and to pay all associated costs and expenses required to be paid by Buyer and has furnished to the Company written evidence thereof. There are no other facts or circumstances relating to Buyer or its Affiliates that has resulted in or would reasonably be expected to result in a Buyer Material Adverse Effect.
SECTION 5.7.      Brokers
. No broker, investment banker, financial advisor or other Person is entitled to any broker's, finder's, financial advisor's or other similar fee or commission in connection with the transactions contemplated by this Agreement based upon arrangements made by or on behalf of Buyer.
SECTION 5.8.      ***
. ***.
SECTION 5.9.      ***





. ***.
ARTICLE VI

COVENANTS
SECTION 6.1.      Conduct of Business of the Company
. During the period from the date of this Agreement until the Closing, except (a) as explicitly required by this Agreement, (b) for the matters set forth in Section 6.1 of the Disclosure Schedule, or (c) as Buyer otherwise consents in writing in advance ***, the Company shall, and it shall cause the other Transferred Companies to, (x) conduct the Business of the Transferred Companies in the Ordinary Course of Business, (y) use *** efforts to preserve intact the business organizations of the Transferred Companies, to preserve the Transferred Companies' *** assets and properties in good repair and condition, to keep available the services of the Transferred Companies' *** officers and *** employees and to maintain the Transferred Companies' *** relationships with their customers, suppliers, licensors, licensees, consultants and other Persons *** and (z) without limiting the generality of the foregoing, not do any of the following:
(i)      repurchase, redeem, repay or otherwise acquire any outstanding Shares;
(ii)      transfer, issue, sell or dispose of any shares of Capital Stock of any of the Transferred Companies or grant options, warrants, calls or other rights to purchase or otherwise acquire any shares of Capital Stock of any of the Transferred Companies or capital appreciation rights, phantom stock rights, securities with participation rights or features, or similar obligations and commitments of any of the Transferred Companies;
(iii)      effect any subdivision, recapitalization, reclassification, combination, stock split or like change in the capitalization of any of the Transferred Companies, or issue or authorize or propose the issuance of any other securities in respect of, in lieu of or in substitution for shares of any Transferred Company's Capital Stock;
(iv)      amend the Organizational Documents of any of the Transferred Companies;
(v)      purchase, sell, lease, sublease, license, leaseback, mortgage, pledge, exchange or otherwise encumber, dispose of or acquire any property or assets (other than transactions occurring in the Ordinary Course of Business), or enter into, modify, supplement or amend any lease or sublease of real property (other than in the Ordinary Course of Business) or make any capital expenditure ***;
(vi)      incur any Liabilities or Indebtedness from third party lending sources (other than current trade accounts payable incurred in respect of property or services purchased in the Ordinary Course of Business) or assume, grant, guarantee or endorse, or otherwise as an accommodation become responsible for, the obligations of any Person, or make any loans or advances (other than, in each case*** and other than ***) ***;
(vii)      settle or compromise any Liability for Taxes, amend any *** Tax Return, file any *** Tax Return in a manner inconsistent with past practice or adopt or change any method of accounting for Tax purposes, or enter into any closing agreement with respect to any *** Tax;





(viii)      enter into, modify or amend ***, cancel, waive, release, terminate, renew, extend or assign any *** rights or claims with respect to any Material Contract;
(ix)      (A) grant, increase, or accelerate the vesting or payment of, or announce or promise to grant, increase or accelerate the vesting or payment of, or take any action to fund or otherwise secure the payment of, any wages, salaries, bonuses, incentives, severance or change of control pay, other compensation, pension or other benefits payable to any Participant, including any increase or change pursuant to any Benefit Plan, or (B) establish, adopt, enter into, increase, amend or terminate (or promise to take any such action(s)) any Benefit Plan or any compensation or benefits potentially available thereunder***;
(x)      enter into or amend any employment contract with, or terminate (***) the employment of, any of its officers;
(xi)      pay, loan or advance (***) any amount to, or sell, transfer or lease any properties or assets (real, personal or mixed, tangible or intangible) to, or enter into any agreement with, any of the Transferred Companies' officers or directors or any Affiliate of any of the Transferred Companies' officers or directors;
(xii)      form or commence the operations of any new business or any corporation, partnership, joint venture, business association or other business organization or division thereof or enter into any new line of business ***;
(xiii)      settle or compromise any Action or threatened Action, other than any settlement or compromise that involves *** less than $*** individually or $*** in the aggregate;
(xiv)      declare or pay any dividends on or make other distributions (whether in cash, stock or property) in respect of any of the Capital Stock of any Transferred Company, except for dividends and distributions by a direct or indirect wholly owned Subsidiary to its parent;
(xv)      directly or indirectly acquire (i) by merging or consolidating with, or by purchasing assets of, or by any other manner, any division, business or Capital Stock of any Person (including in a transaction involving a tender or exchange offer, business combination, recapitalization, liquidation, dissolution, joint venture or similar transaction) or (ii) other than catalyst and inventory in the Ordinary Course of Business, any assets for consideration in excess of $*** individually or $*** in the aggregate;
(xvi)      adopt a plan or agreement of complete or partial liquidation, dissolution, restructuring, recapitalization, merger, consolidation or other reorganization of any Transferred Company;
(xvii)      implement or adopt any change in the Transferred Companies' accounting methods, principles or policies other than as may be required by applicable Law or GAAP;
(xviii)      fail to take any action necessary or advisable to protect or maintain the *** Intellectual Property owned, used or held for use by any Transferred Company that is used to conduct the Business of any Transferred Company as currently conducted or planned by the Transferred Company to be conducted, including the prosecution of all pending applications for patents and Trademarks, the filing of any documents or other information or the payment of any maintenance or other fees related thereto;
(xix)      except in the Ordinary Course of Business, grant or acquire, agree to grant to or acquire from any Person, or dispose of or permit to lapse any rights to any *** Intellectual Property,





or disclose or agree to disclose to any Person, other than Representatives of Buyer or the Transferred Companies, any trade secrets, or compromise, settle or agree to settle any one or more Actions or institute any Action concerning any *** Intellectual Property;
(xx)      modify, amend, or rewrite, or fail to renew or extend, any *** Insurance Policy;
(xxi)      permit any *** Insurance Policy to lapse, be canceled or expire unless (i) Buyer does not consent to the renewal or extension of such policy, including any modifications to the policy that may be required in connection with such renewal or extension, or (ii) a new policy with substantially the same coverage is in effect as of the date of lapse, cancellation or expiration;
(xxii)      take any action that would reasonably be expected to (i) impose any *** delay in the obtaining of, or *** increase the risk of not obtaining, any consent, approval, order, authorization or permit of, or declaration, registration, filing with, or notification to, any Governmental Entity necessary to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or termination of any applicable waiting period; (ii) significantly increase the risk of any Governmental Entity entering a Governmental Order prohibiting or impeding the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; or (iii) *** delay or impair the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement; or
(xxiii)      authorize, or commit or agree to take, any of the foregoing actions.
Without in any way limiting any party's rights or obligations under this Agreement, the parties understand and agree that (i) nothing contained in this Agreement shall give the Buyer, directly or indirectly, the right to Control the operations of the Company, or its businesses or operations prior to the Closing and (ii) prior to the Closing, the Company shall exercise, consistent with the terms and conditions of this Agreement, complete control and supervision over the businesses and their operations.
SECTION 6.2.      Access to Information
. Except as prohibited by Law, the Company shall, and shall cause the other Transferred Companies to, afford to Buyer and to the Representatives and employees of Buyer full access upon reasonable notice at all reasonable times during the period between the date of this Agreement and the Closing Date to their respective properties, books, contracts, commitments, personnel and records and, during such period, the Company shall, and shall cause the other Transferred Companies to, furnish to Buyer such information concerning the Transferred Companies, including information concerning their Business, properties, litigation matters, personnel, environmental compliance and property condition, as Buyer may from time to time reasonably request, other than any such information that (a) is subject to an attorney-client or other legal privilege that would be lost by such disclosure or (b) is subject to an obligation of confidentiality that would be violated by such disclosure (provided that the Company shall, and shall cause the other Transferred Companies to, upon the request of Buyer, *** to obtain the required consent of any third party to such access or disclosure). The Company shall provide Buyer's environmental consultant *** access to the Leased Real Property to perform Phase 1 and Phase 2 (soil and groundwater sampling) environmental site assessments, subject to the consent of the landlords of the Leased Real Property to any sampling involving drilling or other subsurface measures. The Company shall *** obtain consent from the landlords of the Leased Real Property with respect to such sampling. All requests for access or information pursuant to this Section 6.2 shall be directed only to such Person or Persons as the Company shall designate in writing.





SECTION 6.3.      *** Efforts
. Upon the terms and subject to the conditions and other agreements set forth in this Agreement, the parties hereto (a) shall execute and deliver, or shall cause to be executed and delivered, such documents and other papers and shall take, or shall cause to be taken, such further actions as may be reasonably required to carry out the provisions of this Agreement and give effect to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement in the most expeditious manner possible, (b) shall refrain from taking any actions that could reasonably be expected to impair, delay or impede the Closing, and (c) not in limitation of any other provision of this Agreement, shall *** cause all the conditions to the obligations of the Sellers (in the case of the Buyer) or the Buyer (in the case of the Sellers) to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement to be met as soon as reasonably practicable.
SECTION 6.4.      Consents, Approvals and Filings
.
(a)      The parties shall *** obtain as promptly as practicable all Governmental Approvals that may be or may become reasonably necessary, proper or advisable under this Agreement and applicable Law to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated hereby, and the parties shall take all actions as may be requested by any such Governmental Entities to obtain such Governmental Approvals. The parties shall cooperate with the *** requests of one another in seeking to obtain as promptly as practicable all such Governmental Approvals. No party shall take or cause to be taken any action that it is aware or reasonably should be aware would have the effect of delaying, impairing or impeding the receipt of any such Governmental Approvals.
(b)      The parties shall promptly make all filings and notifications with all Governmental Entities that may be or may become reasonably necessary, proper or advisable hereunder and under applicable Laws to consummate and make effective the transactions contemplated hereby, including (i) the Sellers and Buyer each making an appropriate filing of a notification and report form pursuant to the HSR Act (which filing, including the exhibits thereto, need not be shared or otherwise disclosed to the other parties) with respect to the transactions contemplated hereby and (ii) the parties each making any other filing that may be required under any other antitrust or competition Law or by any Governmental Entity with jurisdiction over enforcement of any applicable antitrust or competition Laws. The Sellers and Buyer each agrees to supply promptly any additional information and documentary material that may be requested pursuant to the HSR Act or any other applicable Laws. Buyer shall have responsibility for the filing fees associated with its HSR Act filing, and the Sellers and Buyer shall have responsibility for their other respective filing fees associated with any other required filings.
(c)      Subject to applicable Laws relating to the sharing of information, each of Sellers and Buyer shall promptly notify each other of any communication it receives from any Governmental Entity relating to the matters that are the subject of this Agreement, permit counsel for the other party to review in advance, and consider in good faith the views of the other party in connection with, any proposed written communication to any Governmental Entity in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, and provide each other with copies of all correspondence, filings or communications between such party or any of its Representatives, on the one hand, and any Governmental Entity or members of the staff of any Governmental Entity, on the other hand, subject to Section 6.2 . The Sellers and Buyer shall coordinate and cooperate fully with each other in exchanging such information and providing such assistance as the other party may reasonably request in connection with the foregoing (including in seeking early termination of any applicable waiting periods under the HSR Act); provided , however , that the foregoing shall not require any Seller or any Transferred Company (i) to disclose any





information that in its reasonable judgment would result in the disclosure of any trade secrets of third parties (provided that the Company shall, and shall cause the other Transferred Companies to, upon the request of Buyer, *** obtain the required consent of any third party to such access or disclosure) or (ii) or to disclose any information immune to disclosure pursuant to the attorney-client privilege, the work product doctrine, common interest doctrine and/or any joint defense agreement; and provided , further , that Buyer's obligations to notify the Sellers with respect to communications received by a Taxing Authority, as well as the rights and obligations of the parties to this Agreement with respect to any Tax Contest, shall be governed solely by Article XI . Neither party shall be required to comply with any of the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.4(c) to the extent that such compliance would be prohibited by applicable Law. The parties further covenant and agree not to extend any waiting period associated with any Governmental Approval or enter into any agreement with any Governmental Entity not to consummate the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except with the prior written consent of the other parties hereto.
(d)      The Sellers and Buyer shall *** obtain any other consents and approvals and make any other notifications that may be required in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby; provided that none of the Sellers or the Transferred Companies shall be required to compensate any third party, commence or participate in litigation or offer or grant any accommodation (financial or otherwise) to any third party to obtain any such consent or approval; and provided , further , that for purposes of this Section 6.4(d) , none of the Sellers or the Transferred Companies shall be required to take any action with respect to any third party unless the taking of such action is required in order to satisfy any of the conditions set forth in Sections 8.1 and  8.2 and such condition has not been waived by Buyer. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 6.4 , nothing in this Section 6.4 shall require, or should be construed to require, Buyer to proffer to, or agree to, sell or hold separate and agree to sell, before or after the Closing, any assets, businesses, or interest in any assets or businesses of Buyer or any of its Subsidiaries, portfolio companies, Affiliates, the Company or any of its Subsidiaries, or to agree to any changes or restrictions in the operations of any assets or businesses; and provided , further , that nothing in this Section 6.4 shall require, or be construed to require, a proffer or agreement that would, in the good faith judgment of Buyer, be reasonably likely to have a significant adverse effect on the benefits to Buyer of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement.
(e)      In the event that any securityholder litigation related to this Agreement, the sale of Shares by Acorn or the other transactions contemplated hereby is brought against Acorn, the Company and/or their respective directors, Acorn and the Company shall promptly notify Buyer of such litigation and shall keep Buyer informed on a current basis with respect to the status thereof. The Buyer shall have the opportunity to participate in, but not control, the defense of any such securityholder litigation against Acorn, the Company and/or their respective directors; provided , however , that no settlement of any such securityholder litigation shall be agreed to without Buyer's prior written consent***. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Buyer shall not be obligated to consent to any settlement which does not include full release of Buyer and its Affiliates or which imposes an injunction or other equitable relief upon Buyer or any of its Affiliates (including, after the Closing, the Company).
SECTION 6.5.      Access to Books and Records
. Until the later of the *** anniversary of the Closing or such time as the information and access described below is no longer reasonably required by the Sellers ( provided that Buyer or the Company shall give *** notice to the Sellers prior to destroying any records to permit the Sellers, at their expense, to examine, duplicate or repossess such books and records), Buyer and the Company shall afford promptly to the Sellers and their Representatives upon reasonable notice access to the books, records, officers, employees, auditors and other advisors of the Transferred Companies to the extent reasonably





required by the Sellers for any litigation, disputes, compliance, financial reporting (including financial audits of historical information), regulatory, Tax and accounting matters, and Buyer and the Company shall cooperate fully with the Sellers and their Representatives to furnish such books and records and make available such officers, employees, auditors and other advisors of the Transferred Companies; provided that such access does not unreasonably interfere with the conduct of the business of Buyer or the Transferred Companies, and access to records relating to Taxes shall be governed exclusively by Section 11.6 . Buyer shall, and shall cause the Transferred Companies to, implement an internal process to ensure the deletion of all data relating to the Sellers or its Affiliates (excluding the Transferred Companies) from any computers, hard drives or other similar electronic devices prior to disposing of any such device, and such internal process shall conform *** to the internal process currently in place at the Transferred Companies for deletion of data prior to disposition of such devices.
SECTION 6.6.      Public Announcements
. No party to this Agreement or any Affiliate or Representative of such party shall issue or cause the publication of any press release or public announcement or otherwise communicate with any news media in respect of this Agreement or the transactions contemplated by this Agreement without the prior written consent of the other parties (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed), except as may be required by Law or applicable securities exchange rules, in which case the party required to publish such press release or public announcement shall allow the other parties a reasonable opportunity to comment on such press release or public announcement in advance of such publication. Prior to the Closing, none of the parties to this Agreement, nor any of their respective Affiliates or Representatives, shall make any disclosure concerning plans or intentions relating to the customers, agents or employees of, or other Persons with significant business relationships with, the Transferred Companies without first obtaining the prior written approval of the other parties, which approval will not be unreasonably withheld, conditioned or delayed.
SECTION 6.7.      ***
. From and after the date of this Agreement, the parties shall *** obtain, on or prior to the Closing, the termination of, and full release of the applicable Sellers and their respective Affiliates (other than the Transferred Companies) from, the *** or other similar agreements made in respect of ***, or for ***, the Transferred Companies by any Seller or any Affiliate (other than a Transferred Company) thereof set forth on Section 6.7 of the Disclosure Schedule (each, a “ Seller Guaranty ”). For the avoidance of doubt, such efforts shall include ***. In the event that such efforts fail to result in the full termination of *** to indemnify and hold harmless the Sellers and their Affiliates for *** that such parties may incur after the Closing as a result of ***.
SECTION 6.8.      Directors
. The Sellers shall deliver to Buyer letters of resignation of the directors or managers of the Transferred Companies listed in Section 6.8 of the Disclosure Schedule, such resignations to become effective upon the Closing.
SECTION 6.9.      Contact with Customers, Employees, Etc
. Buyer shall, and shall cause its Affiliates and its and such Affiliates' respective Representatives to, contact and communicate with the employees, consultants, customers, suppliers and distributors of the Transferred Companies regarding or in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby only after submitting any proposed communication to the Company for its review and





approval***, except to the extent that such communication is substantially consistent with communications previously approved by the Company.
SECTION 6.10.      Confidentiality
.
(a)      The terms of the confidentiality agreement, dated March 28, 2011 (the “ Confidentiality Agreement ”), between the Company and Energy Capital Partners II, LLC, are incorporated into this Agreement by reference and shall continue in full force and effect until the later of the Closing Date and the date on which the Confidentiality Agreement would otherwise terminate in accordance with its terms. If, for any reason, the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are not consummated, the Confidentiality Agreement shall nonetheless continue in full force and effect in accordance with its terms.
(b)      From and after the Closing, the Sellers and their Affiliates, on the one hand, and Buyer and its Affiliates (including the Transferred Companies), on the other hand, shall, and shall cause their respective Representatives to, maintain in confidence any written, oral or other information relating to or obtained from the other parties or their Affiliates (including with respect to Buyer following the Closing, the Transferred Companies), except that the foregoing requirements of this Section 6.10(b) shall not apply to the extent that (i) any such information is or becomes generally available to the public other than (A) in the case of information regarding Buyer, as a result of disclosure by the Sellers or their Affiliates or any of their respective Representatives and (B) in the case of information regarding the Sellers, as a result of disclosure by Buyer or any of the Transferred Companies or any of their respective Affiliates or any Representative of any of the foregoing, (ii) any such information is required by applicable Law, Governmental Order or a Governmental Entity to be disclosed after prior notice has been given to the other party (including any report, statement, testimony or other submission to such Governmental Entity), (iii) any such information is reasonably necessary to be disclosed in connection with any Action or in any dispute with respect to this Agreement (including in response to any summons, subpoena or other legal process or formal or informal investigative demand issued to the disclosing party in the course of any litigation, investigation or administrative proceeding), or (iv) any such information was or becomes available to such party on a non-confidential basis and from a source (other than a party to this Agreement or any Affiliate or Representative of such party) that is not bound by a confidentiality agreement with respect to such information. Each of the parties hereto shall instruct its Affiliates and Representatives having access to such information of such obligation of confidentiality.
(c)      Notwithstanding anything in this Agreement to the contrary, the parties acknowledge and agree that (i) (x) Buyer and its Affiliates may share any information relating to or obtained from the Sellers and their Affiliates, and (y) the Sellers and their Affiliates may share any information relating to or obtained from Buyer and its Affiliates (including, after the Closing, the Transferred Companies), in each case with the IRS or any other Taxing Authority as any such party deems necessary or advisable in its good faith judgment and (ii) Buyer may disclose the terms of this Agreement (excluding any confidential information about the Transferred Companies contained in Disclosure Schedules) and the transactions contemplated hereby to its current and prospective Affiliates, investors and limited partners.
SECTION 6.11.      D&O Liabilities
. From and after the Closing Date, Buyer shall not, and shall cause the Transferred Companies not to, take any steps that would reasonably be expected to affect adversely the rights of any





individual who served as a director or officer of any of the Transferred Companies at any time prior to the Closing Date (each, a “ D&O Indemnified Person ”) to be indemnified, either under the Delaware Act or other applicable Law or the Organizational Documents of the Transferred Companies as they existed prior to the Closing Date, against any Liabilities (including attorneys' fees and expenses of investigation, defense and ongoing monitoring), judgments, penalties, fines, Losses, charges, demands, Actions, settlements, assessments, deficiencies, Taxes, interest, obligations or amounts paid in settlement incurred in connection with any Action, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, arising out of or pertaining to matters existing or occurring at or prior to the Closing Date and relating to the fact that the D&O Indemnified Person was a director or officer of a Transferred Company, whether asserted or claimed prior to, at or after the Closing Date.
SECTION 6.12.      No Solicitation of Transactions
.
(a)      From and after the date hereof until the Closing or, if earlier, the termination of this Agreement in accordance with Article XII , the Company and Sellers shall not, and shall cause the other Transferred Companies and the Representatives of the Company, the Sellers or the other Transferred Companies not to, directly or indirectly: (i) initiate, solicit or knowingly encourage (including by way of providing information) the submission of any inquiries, proposals or offers or any other efforts or attempts that constitute, or could reasonably be expected to lead to, any Acquisition Proposal or engage in any discussions or negotiations with respect thereto or otherwise cooperate with or assist or participate in or facilitate any such inquiries, proposals, offers, discussions or negotiations; (ii) approve or recommend, or publicly propose to approve or recommend, an Acquisition Proposal; (iii) enter into any merger agreement, letter of intent, agreement in principle, share purchase agreement, asset purchase agreement, share exchange agreement, option agreement or other similar agreement relating to an Acquisition Proposal or enter into any agreement or agreement in principle requiring the Company or the Sellers to abandon, terminate or fail to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby or breach its obligations hereunder; or (iv) resolve, propose or agree to do any of the foregoing. The Company and the Sellers shall immediately cease and cause to be terminated any solicitation, encouragement, discussion or negotiation with any Persons conducted theretofore by the Company, the Sellers, the other Transferred Companies or any of the Representatives of the Company, the Sellers or the Transferred Companies, with respect to any Acquisition Proposal and cause to be returned or destroyed all confidential information provided by or on behalf of the Company, any Seller or any other Transferred Company to such Person.
(b)      The Company and Sellers agree that any violation of the restrictions set forth in this Section 6.12 by any Representatives of the Company, the Sellers or the other Transferred Companies shall be deemed to be a material breach of this Agreement (including this Section 6.12 ) by the Company and the Sellers.
(c)      The Company and the Sellers shall promptly (and in any event within ***) notify Buyer in the event that the Company, any Seller, any other Transferred Company or any Representative of the Company, the Sellers or the Transferred Companies receives (i) any Acquisition Proposal or indication by any Person that it is considering making an Acquisition Proposal, (ii) any request for non-public information relating to Acorn or the Company or any of the other Transferred Companies other than requests for information in the Ordinary Course of Business and unrelated to an Acquisition Proposal or (iii) any inquiry or request for discussions or negotiations regarding any Acquisition Proposal. The Sellers and the Company shall notify Buyer promptly (and in any event within ***) with the identity of such Person and a copy of such Acquisition Proposal, indication, inquiry or request (or, where no such copy is available, a complete description thereof), including any modifications thereto. The Company and the





Sellers shall keep Buyer fully informed (orally and in writing) on a current basis (and in any event at Buyer's request and otherwise no later than *** after the occurrence of any changes, developments, discussions or negotiations) of the status of any Acquisition Proposal, indication, inquiry or request (including the terms and conditions thereof and of any modification thereto), and any *** developments, discussions and negotiations, including furnishing copies of any written inquiries, correspondence and draft documentation, and written summaries of any *** oral inquiries or discussions.
SECTION 6.13.      Waiver of Buy/Sell
. Each of Acorn and EnerTech hereby waives its rights under Section 7 of the Stockholders Agreement and agrees not to deliver any Triggering Notice (as defined in such section) until the earlier of (i) the effectiveness of any amendment to this Agreement that is adverse to EnerTech and made in accordance with Section 13.8(b) , unless EnerTech has consented to such amendment in writing prior to such effectiveness, and (ii) the date on which this Agreement is terminated in accordance with Article XII .
ARTICLE VII

EMPLOYEE MATTERS
SECTION 7.1.      Employee Matters .
(a)      For a period of at least *** after the Closing Date (or, with respect to any Employee, the period from the Closing Date through the date of termination of such Employee's employment with Buyer and its Affiliates, if shorter) (the “ Transition Period ”), Buyer shall (i) either (A) assume and maintain for the benefit of each Employee the Benefit Plans at compensation and benefit levels substantially comparable in the aggregate to those in effect for such Employee on the date of this Agreement or (B) provide or cause to be provided to each Employee compensation and benefits pursuant to plans, agreements and arrangements of Buyer and its Affiliates (the “ Buyer Benefit Plans ”) that, taken as a whole, are ***, (ii) provide that each Employee shall receive base compensation at a rate ***, and (iii) provide that each Employee shall be eligible for total incentive compensation opportunities that are ***; provided that Buyer shall not be obligated to assume or maintain any Benefit Plan that provides equity-based, change-in-control or other special or non-recurring compensation or benefits (including, for the avoidance of doubt, the Stock Option Plan and the Capital Appreciation Rights Plan) and no compensation or benefits provided under any such Benefit Plan prior to the Closing Date shall be considered in determining whether Buyer has complied with this covenant. Subject to the foregoing, nothing herein is intended to limit the right of Buyer or the Transferred Companies (x) to terminate the employment of any Employee at any time, (y) to change or modify any incentive compensation or employee benefit plan or arrangement at any time and in any manner, or (z) to change or modify the terms or conditions of employment for any of their employees, and nothing herein shall be construed as an amendment or termination of any Benefit Plan or any of the Buyer Benefit Plans.
(b)      With respect to Buyer Benefit Plans, for purposes of determining eligibility to participate, level of benefits, vesting and vacation or paid time-off entitlement, but not for purposes of determining benefit accruals or early retirement subsidies under any defined benefit pension plan of Buyer or its Affiliates, each Employee's service with the Transferred Companies (as well as service with any predecessor employer of the Transferred Companies, to the extent service with the predecessor employer is recognized by the Benefit Plans immediately prior to the Closing Date) shall be treated as service with Buyer or any of its Subsidiaries; provided , however , that such service need not be recognized to the extent





that such recognition would result in ***.
(c)      Buyer shall cause the Transferred Companies to recognize and provide all accrued but unused vacation and sick pay and other paid time-off of the Employees as of the Closing Date; provided , however , vacation and sick days accrued (including vacation and sick days and other paid time-off carried over from prior years to the limit of the policies of the Transferred Companies) but not taken for the period beginning on *** and ending on the Closing Date shall not be forfeited under the Transferred Companies' existing policy but shall be recognized by the Transferred Companies as of the Closing Date.
(d)      To the extent Benefit Plans are not assumed and maintained in accordance with Section 7.1(a)(i)(A) , Buyer shall waive, or cause to be waived, any pre-existing condition limitations, exclusions, actively at work requirements and waiting periods under any Buyer Benefit Plan that is a welfare benefit plan in which Employees (and their eligible dependents) will be eligible to participate from and after the Closing Date, except to the extent that such pre-existing condition limitations, exclusions, actively-at-work requirements and waiting periods would not have been satisfied or waived under the comparable Benefit Plan immediately prior to the Closing Date. Buyer shall recognize, or cause to be recognized, the dollar amount of all co-payments, deductibles and similar expenses incurred by each Employee (and his or her eligible dependents) during the calendar year in which the Closing Date occurs (or if later, the plan year in which such Employee and his or her eligible dependents are put into a different plan) for purposes of satisfying such year's deductible and co-payment limitations under the relevant welfare benefit plans in which they will be eligible to participate from and after the Closing Date.
(e)      Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in this Section 7.1 or otherwise, from and after the Closing Date, Buyer and the Company shall assume, honor and continue during the Transition Period or, if later, until all obligations thereunder have been satisfied, all of the Transferred Companies' employment, incentive compensation, severance, retention, termination and change of control plans, policies, programs, agreements or arrangements (including with respect to any payments, benefits or rights arising as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement (either alone or in combination with any other event)) listed as such in Section 4.7(a) of the Disclosure Schedule, in accordance with their respective terms, including any amendment or termination provisions.
(f)      Without limiting the generality of Section 10.1 , this Section 7.1 shall be binding upon and inure solely to the benefit of each of the parties to this Agreement, and nothing in this Section 7.1 , expressed or implied, is intended to confer upon any other Person any rights or remedies of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Section 7.1 and no provision of this Section 7.1 will create any third party beneficiary rights in any current or former Representative or individual independent contractor of the Transferred Companies in respect of continued employment (or resumed employment) or service or any other matter.
(g)      If, at any time prior to the Closing Date, any holder of Cash-Out Stock Options under the Stock Option Plan exercises any of its Cash-Out Stock Options, the Company will cause such Cash-Out Stock Options to be canceled in consideration of a cash payment of equivalent cash value in accordance with Section 10(d) of such plan and shall not permit any Common Stock to be issued in respect of such exercise.  With respect to any Cash-Out Stock Options outstanding on the Closing Date, the Company will, in accordance with Sections 8 and/or 10(d) of the Stock Option Plan, cause (i) the vested portion of each such Cash-Out Stock Option (including the portion of each such option that becomes immediately exercisable and vested upon a change of control pursuant to the terms of the Stock Option Plan or award agreement underlying such option)  to be canceled in consideration of a cash payment of equivalent cash value and (ii) the unvested portions of the Cash-Out Stock Options to be





cancelled in consideration of an aggregate cash payment equal to at least ***% of the aggregate amount that would have been paid with respect to such portions pursuant to clause (i) had such portions been vested.
SECTION 7.2.      Non-Compete
. Except as Buyer otherwise consents in writing, each Seller hereby agrees that such Seller (whether on such Seller's own or in association with others, as a principal, Representative, partner, member, security holder, consultant, advisor, counselor, independent contractor, owner, investor, participant or in any other capacity) shall not, at any time during the period from the Closing Date until the date that is *** after the Closing Date, directly or indirectly (through an Affiliate or Affiliates or otherwise) engage or participate in, have any interest in (including, without limitation, through the investment of capital or lending of money or property or otherwise), Control, manage, operate or otherwise render any services to, or advise, assist, support, help, facilitate, aid or encourage in any manner or permit such Seller's name and reputation to be used by or in connection with (collectively, “ Restricted Activities ”), any Person that engages in (either directly or through any Subsidiary or Affiliate thereof) the Business anywhere in North America or China; provided that the foregoing shall not prohibit such Seller from having passive investments of less than *** percent (***%) of the outstanding Capital Stock of any Person listed for trading on a national stock exchange (as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) or any recognized automatic quotation system. Without limiting the foregoing, Buyer acknowledges that Acorn and Enertech ***. Each Seller acknowledges and agrees that there exist a sufficient number of entities providing products and services the same as or similar to the Business in North America and China so that enforcement of the covenants contained herein will not adversely impact the availability of entities providing such services and products.
SECTION 7.3.      Non-Solicit
.
(a)      Each Seller agrees that such Seller shall not, directly or indirectly (through an Affiliate or Affiliates or otherwise), either for such Seller or for any other Person other than the Company or any of its Subsidiaries:
(i)      during the period from the Closing Date until the date that is *** after the Closing Date, solicit, divert, take away or accept orders for Business in North America or China from any current or former customer of any Transferred Company, or any Person whose identity such Seller was given access to through such Seller's affiliation with any Transferred Company (including prospective customers); or
(ii)      during the period from the Closing Date until the date that is *** after the Closing Date, (A)(x) hire, employ or offer to hire or employ, or retain or engage or offer to retain or engage as a consultant or advisor or in any other capacity, (y) seek to hire, employ or offer to hire or employ, or seek to retain or engage or offer to retain or engage as a consultant or advisor or in any other capacity, or (z) *** solicit the employment or the retention or engagement as an employee, consultant or advisor or in any other capacity of, any Person who was employed by any Transferred Company at any time during the *** period immediately prior to the Closing Date or who thereafter becomes employed by any Transferred Company (but excluding any Person whose employment with the Transferred Company is terminated by such Transferred Company without cause) (collectively, a “ Covered Employee ”), (B) except as required by applicable Law, disclose any information about any Covered Employee to any prospective employer or (C) otherwise solicit or induce any Covered Employee to terminate his or her





employment or arrangement, or otherwise change his or her relationship, with any Transferred Company.
(b)      Each Seller hereby acknowledges that even an unsuccessful solicitation of any Covered Employee by such Seller will negatively impact the morale, commitment and performance of such Covered Employee, and that any such solicitation of a Covered Employee could cause substantial financial loss to the Transferred Companies.
SECTION 7.4.      Enforcement .
(a)      Each Seller acknowledges and agrees that the provisions of Section 7.2 and Section 7.3 are reasonable in time and scope and are necessary to protect the legitimate interests of Buyer.
(b)      The provisions contained in Section 7.2 and Section 7.3 may be altered and/or waived to be made less restrictive on any Seller with the prior written waiver of Buyer, without any consent required of any Seller. In the event that the provisions of Section 7.2 or Section 7.3 , or any portion thereof, should ever be adjudicated by a court of competent jurisdiction in proceedings to which Buyer is a proper party to exceed the time or geographic or other limitations permitted by applicable Law, then such provisions shall be deemed reformed to the maximum time or geographic or other limitations permitted by applicable Law, as determined by such court in such action, the parties hereto hereby acknowledging their desire that in such event such action be taken. Without limiting the foregoing, the covenants contained herein shall be construed as separate covenants covering their respective subject matters, with respect to (a) each of the separate political subdivisions in North America and China in which any Transferred Company or their respective successors or Affiliates now transact any business or currently propose to transact any business, (b) each business now conducted by the Transferred Companies or their respective successors or Affiliates and (c) each Transferred Company and their respective successors and Affiliates separately.
SECTION 7.5.      Employee Agreements
. Prior to the Closing, the Company shall allow each of the employees listed on Schedule II to enter into employment agreements with Buyer effective as of the Closing.
ARTICLE VIII

CONDITIONS PRECEDENT
SECTION 8.1.      Conditions to Each Party's Obligations
. The respective obligations of each party to consummate the purchase and sale of Shares contemplated by this Agreement are subject to the satisfaction or waiver (by Buyer and Sellers holding a Majority in Interest) on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a)      Governmental Consents . All filings required to be made prior to the Closing Date with, and all consents, approvals, permits and authorizations required to be obtained prior thereto from, Governmental Entities in connection with the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby by any party hereto shall have been made or obtained, and any timing agreement entered into with any Governmental Entity shall have expired or been terminated.
(b)      HSR Act . The waiting period (and any extension thereof) applicable to the





transactions contemplated hereby under the HSR Act shall have been terminated or shall have otherwise expired and any timing agreement entered into with any Governmental Entity shall have expired or been terminated.
(c)      No Injunctions or Restraints . No temporary restraining order, preliminary or permanent injunction or other order issued by any court of competent jurisdiction and no statute, rule or regulation of any Governmental Entity preventing the consummation of the purchase and sale of the Shares or any of the other transactions contemplated hereby shall be in effect; provided , however , that the party invoking this condition shall have ***.
SECTION 8.2.      Conditions to Obligations of Buyer
. The obligations of Buyer to consummate the purchase and sale of Shares contemplated by this Agreement are further subject to the satisfaction (or waiver by Buyer) on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a)      Representations and Warranties of the Company . (i) Each of the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in Section *** shall be true and correct (without regard to any qualifications or references to “Company Material Adverse Effect,” “material” or other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty) *** as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date). (ii) Each of the representations and warranties of the Company set forth in this Agreement (other than those referred to in Section *** ) shall be true and correct (without regard to any qualifications or references to “Company Material Adverse Effect,” “material” or other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty) as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date)*** ***. Buyer shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of the Company by an executive officer of the Company to the effect set forth in this paragraph.
(b)      Representations and Warranties of the Sellers . (i) Each of the representations and warranties of the Sellers set forth in Section *** shall be true and correct (without regard to any qualifications or references to “Seller Material Adverse Effect,” “material” or other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty) *** as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date). (ii) Each of the representations and warranties of the Sellers set forth in this Agreement (other than those referred to in Section *** ) shall be true and correct (without regard to any qualifications or references to “Seller Material Adverse Effect,” “material” or other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty) as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date)***. Buyer shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of each of the Sellers by an executive officer of such Seller (or by such Seller, if such Seller is an individual) to the effect set forth in this paragraph.
(c)      Performance of Obligations of the Company and the Sellers . The Sellers and the Company shall have performed *** all obligations required to be performed by them under this Agreement on or prior to the Closing Date, and Buyer shall have received certificates signed on behalf of the Company and each Seller by an executive officer of such Person (or, in the case of any Seller that is an individual, signed by such Seller) Person to such effect.





(d)      No Company Material Adverse Effect . No Company Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred since the date of this Agreement that is continuing.
(e)      No Seller Material Adverse Effect . No Seller Material Adverse Effect shall have occurred since the date of this Agreement that is continuing.
(f)      Third Party Consents . The Company shall have obtained consent to the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby from the counterparties to each of the contracts listed in Section 8.2(f) to the Disclosure Schedule.
SECTION 8.3.      Conditions to Obligations of the Sellers
. The obligations of Sellers to consummate the contribution or purchase and sale of Shares contemplated by this Agreement are further subject to the satisfaction (or waiver by the Sellers holding a Majority in Interest) on or prior to the Closing Date of the following conditions:
(a)      Representations and Warranties . (i) Each of the representations and warranties of the Buyer set forth in Section *** shall be true and correct *** as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date). (ii) Each of the representations and warranties of the Buyer set forth in this Agreement (other than those referred to in Section *** ) shall be true and correct *** as of the Closing Date as though made on and as of the Closing Date (other than representations and warranties made as of another stated date, which representations and warranties shall have been true as of such date)***. The Sellers shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Buyer by an executive officer of Buyer to the effect set forth in this paragraph.
(b)      Performance of Obligations of Buyer . Buyer shall have performed *** all obligations required to be performed by it under this Agreement on or prior to the Closing Date, and the Sellers shall have received a certificate signed on behalf of Buyer by an executive officer of Buyer to such effect.
ARTICLE IX

SURVIVAL OF REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES AND COVENANTS
SECTION 9.1.      Survival of Representations and Warranties
. All representations and warranties contained in this Agreement shall survive the Closing solely for purposes of Sections 10.1(a) and  10.1(b) and, subject to representations related to pending matters as described in Section 10.2(c) , shall terminate and expire at the close of business on the date that is *** after the Closing Date, at which time they will terminate (and no claims may be made for indemnification under Sections 10.1(a) and  10.1(b) thereafter); provided that the representations and warranties contained in Section *** and Section *** shall terminate and expire at the close of business on the date that is *** after the Closing Date, the representations and warranties contained in Section *** shall survive *** or until ***, and the representations and warranties contained in Section *** shall survive the Closing and shall terminate and expire ***.
SECTION 9.2.      Survival of Covenants





. The covenants and agreements that by their terms apply or are to be performed in whole or in part after the Closing shall survive for ***, and the covenants and agreements that by their terms apply or are to be performed in their entirety on or prior to the Closing shall ***.
ARTICLE X

INDEMNIFICATION
SECTION 10.1.      Obligation to Indemnify
.
(a)      Subject to the expiration of the representations and warranties of the Sellers as provided in Article IX and the limitations set forth in this Article X , each Seller, *** with any other Seller, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each of Buyer, its Affiliates (including, after the Closing, the Transferred Companies), and their respective officers, directors, employees, agents and Representatives (collectively, the “ Buyer Indemnitees ”) from and against (i) all Losses to the extent arising from or related to (x) any breach of the representations and warranties of such Seller contained in Article III of this Agreement (determined, for purposes of this Section 10.1(a) , without regard to any qualifications or references to “Seller Material Adverse Effect,” “material,” or any other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty); or (y) any breach of any of the covenants and agreements of such Seller contained in this Agreement that survive the Closing, and (ii) *** any Losses to the extent arising from any breach of the representations and warranties of the Company contained in Article IV of this Agreement (determined, for purposes of this Section 10.1(a) , without regard to any qualifications or references to “Company Material Adverse Effect,” “material,” or any other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty, other than the reference to “Company Material Adverse Effect” in Section 4.6 ); provided , however , that no Seller shall have any Liability under Section 10.1(a)(ii) unless the aggregate of all Losses for which such Seller would, but for this proviso, be liable, exceeds on a cumulative basis an amount equal to *** percent (***%) of *** the Final Purchase Price, and then ***; provided , further , that no Seller shall have any Liability under Section 10.1(a)(i)(x) or Section 10.1(a)(ii) above for (x) *** or (y) any breach of Section *** , Section *** or Section *** , which shall be governed by Article XI . In any event, subject to the last sentence of this paragraph, the maximum amount for which any Seller shall be Liable in the aggregate under Section 10.1(a)(ii) shall not exceed *** percent (***%) of such Seller's Escrow Percentage of the Final Purchase Price (the “ Cap ”) and the maximum amount for which any Seller shall be Liable in the aggregate under Section 10.1(a)(i)(x) shall not exceed *** percent (***%) of *** the Final Purchase Price. For the avoidance of doubt, any Losses which are subject to the ***% indemnity deductible or *** described in this Section 10.1(a) shall not be counted toward the Cap. The Liabilities of any Seller under Section 10.1(a)(ii) that arise as a result of any breach of the representations and warranties contained in Section 4.17 shall not count towards the Cap, except to the extent such Liabilities exceed *** percent (***%) of *** the Final Purchase Price.
(b)      Subject to the expiration of the representations and warranties of Buyer as provided in Article IX and the limitations set forth in this Article X , Buyer agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Seller, the Affiliates of each Seller, and their respective officers, partners, directors, employees, agents and Representatives (collectively, the “ Seller Indemnitees ”) from and against all Losses to the extent arising from or related to (i) any breach of the representations and warranties of Buyer contained in Article V of this Agreement (determined, for purposes of this Section 10.1(b) , without regard to any





qualifications or references to “Buyer Material Adverse Effect,” “material,” or any other materiality qualifications or references contained in any specific representation or warranty) or (ii) any breach of any of the covenants and agreements of Buyer contained in this Agreement that survive the Closing; provided , however , that Buyer shall not have any Liability to any Seller (or its related Seller Indemnitees) under Section 10.1(b)(i) above unless the aggregate of all Losses for which Buyer would, but for this proviso, be liable to such Persons exceeds on a cumulative basis an amount equal to *** percent (***%) of such Seller's Seller Percentage of the Final Purchase Price, and then ***; provided , further , that Buyer shall not have any Liability under Section 10.1(b)(i) above ***. In any event, the maximum amount for which Buyer shall be liable to any Seller (or its related Seller Indemnitees) in the aggregate under Section 10.1(b)(i) shall not exceed *** percent (***%) of *** the Final Purchase Price. For the avoidance of doubt, any Losses which are subject to the ***% indemnity deductible or *** described in this Section 10.1(b) shall not be counted toward such *** percent (***%) limit.
SECTION 10.2.      Indemnification Procedures; Certain Limitations
.
(a)      In order for a Buyer Indemnitee or a Seller Indemnitee (the “ Indemnified Party ”) to be entitled to any indemnification provided for under this Agreement in respect of, arising out of or involving a demand made by, or an Action or investigation instituted by, any Person (whether or not a party to this Agreement) (an “ Indemnity Claim ”), such Indemnified Party must notify the party obligated to indemnify such Indemnified Party (the “ Indemnifying Party ”) in writing, *** of the Indemnity Claim promptly, and in any event within ***, after such Indemnified Party learns of the Indemnity Claim; provided , however , that failure to give such notification shall not affect the indemnification provided hereunder unless the Indemnifying Party shall have been prejudiced as a result of such failure (except that the Indemnifying Party shall not be liable for any expenses incurred during the period in which the Indemnified Party failed to give such notice). Such written notice, in order to be effective, shall (i) describe such Indemnity Claim ***; (ii) attach copies of all material written evidence thereof to the date of such notice; and (iii) set forth the estimated amount of the Losses that have been or may be sustained by an Indemnified Party. Thereafter, the Indemnified Party shall deliver to the Indemnifying Party, within *** after the Indemnified Party's receipt thereof, copies of all notices and documents (including court papers) received by the Indemnified Party relating to the Indemnity Claim.
(b)      If an Indemnity Claim is made against an Indemnified Party by a third party (a “ Third Party Claim ”), the Indemnif*** Party shall be entitled to participate in the defense thereof and, if it so chooses, to assume the defense thereof with counsel selected by the Indemnif*** Party. Should the Indemnif*** Party so elect to assume the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnif*** Party shall not, as long as it conducts such defense, be liable to the Indemnif*** Party for legal expenses incurred from and after the date of such assumption by the Indemnif*** Party in connection with the defense thereof. If the Indemnif*** Party assumes such defense, the Indemnif*** Party shall have the right to participate in the defense thereof and to employ counsel, at its own expense, separate from the counsel employed by the Indemnif*** Party, it being understood that the Indemnif*** Party shall control such defense. The Indemnif*** Party shall be liable for the fees and expenses of counsel employed by the Indemnif*** Party for any period during which the Indemnif*** Party has not assumed the defense thereof (other than during any period in which the Indemnif*** Party shall have not yet given notice of the Third Party Claim as provided above). If the Indemnif*** Party chooses to defend or prosecute any Third Party Claim, the Indemnifying Party and the Indemnified Party shall cooperate in the defense or prosecution thereof. Such cooperation shall include the retention and (upon the Indemnif*** Party's request) the provision to the Indemnif*** Party of records and information which are relevant to such Third Party Claim, and making employees and Representatives available on a mutually convenient basis to provide additional information





and explanation of any material provided hereunder. Whether or not the Indemnif*** Party shall have assumed the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnif*** Party shall not admit any Liability with respect to, or pay, settle, compromise or discharge, such Third Party Claim without the Indemnif*** Party's prior written consent ***. If the Indemnif*** Party has assumed the defense of a Third Party Claim, the Indemnif*** Party may only pay, settle, compromise or discharge a Third Party Claim with the Indemnif*** Party's prior written consent (which consent shall not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned); provided , however , that the Indemnif*** Party may pay, settle, compromise or discharge such a Third Party Claim without the written consent of the Indemnif*** Party if such settlement (i) includes a complete and unconditional release of the Indemnif*** Party from all Liability in respect of such Third Party Claim; (ii) does not subject the Indemnif*** Party to any injunctive relief or other equitable remedy; and (iii) does not include a statement or admission of fault, culpability or failure to act by or on behalf of the Indemnif*** Party. If the Indemnif*** Party submits to the Indemnif*** Party a bona fide settlement offer that satisfies the requirements set forth in the proviso of the immediately preceding sentence and the Indemnified Party refuses to consent to such settlement, then thereafter the Indemnif*** Party's Liability to the Indemnif*** Party with respect to such Third Party Claim shall not exceed the settlement amount included in such settlement offer, and the Indemnif*** Party shall either assume the defense of such Third Party Claim or pay the Indemnif*** Party's attorney's fees and other out-of-pocket costs incurred thereafter in continuing the defense of such Third Party Claim.
(c)      The indemnities provided in this Agreement shall survive the Closing; provided , however , that the indemnities provided under Sections *** shall terminate when the applicable representation or warranty terminates pursuant to Article IX , except as to any item as to which the Person to be indemnified shall have, before the expiration of the applicable period, previously made a claim by delivering a notice to the Indemnifying Party meeting the requirements of this Agreement.
(d)      Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Losses of an Indemnified Party shall be determined without duplication of any other Loss for which an indemnification claim has been made or could be made under any other representation, warranty, covenant, or agreement and shall be *** actually received by the Indemnified Party in connection with the facts giving rise to the right of indemnification. Each applicable Indemnified Party shall *** the maximum portion of any Losses of such Indemnified Party. If the applicable Indemnified Party shall have ***, the applicable Indemnifying Party shall be liable only for the amount by which such Losses exceeds the amounts actually *** (subject to the limitations contained in this Article X ). If the applicable Indemnified Party fails to ***, the applicable Indemnifying Party shall not be required to indemnify the applicable Indemnified Party for that portion of any Losses that could reasonably be expected to have been recovered had the applicable Indemnified Party used such *** efforts. Notwithstanding anything contained in this Agreement to the contrary, Losses of any Indemnified Party shall be (i) *** any Indemnified Party resulting from the incurrence or payment of such Losses in the year in which such Loss is incurred and (ii) *** the Indemnified Party arising from the receipt of indemnity payments hereunder *** in the year in which such payment is received.
(e)      Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, no Indemnifying Party shall be liable for *** actually paid to a third party in a Third Party Claim by an Indemnified Party.
(f)      The Indemnified Party shall use, and shall cause each of its Affiliates to use, *** upon and after becoming aware of any facts, matters, failures or circumstances that would reasonably be expected to result in any Losses that are indemnifiable hereunder.
(g)      In the event of payment by or on behalf of any Indemnifying Party to any Indemnified Party (including pursuant to this Article X ) in connection with any claim or demand by any





Person other than the parties hereto or their respective Affiliates, such Indemnifying Party shall be subrogated to and shall stand in the place of such Indemnified Party as to any events or circumstances in respect of which such Indemnified Party may have any right, defense or claim relating to such claim or demand against any claimant or plaintiff asserting such claim or demand. Such Indemnified Party shall cooperate with such Indemnifying Party in a reasonable manner, and at the cost of such Indemnifying Party, in presenting any subrogated right, defense or claim.
(h)      In the event a claim or any Action for indemnification under this Article X has been finally determined, the amount of such final determination shall be paid by the Indemnifying Party to the Indemnified Party on demand by Wire Transfer. A claim or an Action, and the Liability for and amount of damages therefor, shall be deemed to be “finally determined” for purposes of this Article X when the parties to this Agreement have so determined by mutual agreement or, if disputed, when a final non-appealable Governmental Order has been entered into with respect to such claim or Action.
(i)      In the event that any Non-Rolling Seller is required to indemnify any Buyer Indemnitee under this Agreement with respect to any claim asserted in good faith on or prior to the *** anniversary of the Closing (a “ Timely Claim ”), the Non-Rolling Sellers and the Buyer shall cause such amount to be paid from the Escrow Account (to the extent available), and such payment shall be deemed to be made by such Non-Rolling Seller in satisfaction of such claim to the extent of such payment. The Buyer and the Non-Rolling Sellers shall keep a ledger of any distributions made from the Escrow Account. On the *** anniversary of the Closing, the non-Rolling Sellers and the Buyer shall cause all amounts then remaining in the Escrow Account to be released and paid to the Non-Rolling Sellers (pro rata, based on the proportion of the amount remaining in the Escrow Account attributable to each Non-Rolling Seller at that time); provided , however , that if any Timely Claim remains pending on such anniversary, the amount of such Timely Claim shall not be so released until such Timely Claim is resolved and any payment required to be made with respect to such Timely Claim is made.
SECTION 10.3.      Exclusive Remedies
. Each party acknowledges and agrees that: (a) following the Closing, ***; and (b) following the Closing, the indemnification provisions of this Article X and Article XI shall be *** for any breach of the covenants and agreements contained herein that by their terms apply or are to be performed in whole or in part after the Closing.
ARTICLE XI

TAX MATTERS
SECTION 11.1.      Tax Indemnity
.
(a)      Indemnity . Each Seller agrees, *** with any other Seller, to indemnify and hold harmless the Buyer Indemnitees against *** the following Taxes and, except as otherwise provided in Section 11.4 , against *** any Loss, including reasonable fees for attorneys and other outside consultants incurred in contesting or otherwise in connection with any such Taxes (each such Loss a “ Tax Contest Expense ”): (i) (x) Taxes imposed on or with respect to the Transferred Companies, or for which the Transferred Companies are otherwise liable as an indemnitor, transferee or successor under Law or a contract entered into prior to the Closing, for taxable periods ending on or before the Closing Date and





(y) with respect to taxable periods beginning on or before the Closing Date and ending after the Closing Date (“ Straddle Periods ”), Taxes imposed on or with respect to the Transferred Companies, or to which the Transferred Companies are otherwise liable as an indemnitor, transferee or successor under Law or a contract entered into prior to the Closing, that are allocable, pursuant to Section 11.1(b) , to the portion of such period ending on the Closing Date; (ii) Taxes to the extent arising from or related to any breach of the representations and warranties contained in Section *** (determined without regard to any qualification or references to “material” or any other materiality qualification or reference contained therein) or the breach of any covenant contained in Section *** ; (iii) Taxes for which any of the Transferred Companies (or any predecessor thereof) is held liable under Section 1.1502-6 of the Treasury Regulations (or any similar provision of Law) by reason of such entity being included in any consolidated, affiliated, combined or unitary group at any time on or before the Closing Date; and (iv) Taxes of Sellers or any of their Affiliates (other than the Transferred Companies) for any Tax period (including, without limitation, Taxes arising as a result of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement); provided , however , that the Sellers shall not have any obligation or Liability to indemnify Buyer or the Transferred Companies pursuant to this Section 11.1 (x) for any Taxes, to the extent that the Purchase Price is reduced by reason of the inclusion of such Taxes in determining Current Liabilities or Debt Adjustment; (y) for any Taxes that result from any actual or deemed election (if any) under Section 338 of the Code or any similar provisions of state, local, or foreign Law as a result of the purchase of the Shares; and (z) for any Taxes imposed on the Transferred Companies or for which the Transferred Companies may otherwise be liable as a result of transactions occurring on the Closing Date that are properly allocable (based on, among other relevant factors, the factors set forth in Treasury Regulations Section 1.1502-76(b)(1)(ii)(B)) to the portion of the Closing Date after the Closing, to the extent such actions or transactions were effected by Buyer, at Buyer's direction or while the Transferred Companies were under Buyer's Control.
(b)      In the case of Taxes that are payable with respect to a Straddle Period, the portion of any such Tax that is allocable to the portion of the period ending on the Closing Date shall be:
(i)      in the case of Taxes that are either (x) based upon or related to income or receipts or (y) imposed in connection with any sale or other transfer or assignment of property (real or personal, tangible or intangible) (other than conveyances pursuant to this Agreement), deemed equal to the amount which would be payable if the taxable year ended on the Closing Date; and
(ii)      in the case of Taxes imposed on a periodic basis with respect to the assets of the Transferred Companies, or otherwise measured by the level of any item, deemed to be the amount of such Taxes for the entire period (or, in the case of such Taxes determined on an arrears basis, the amount of such Taxes for the immediately preceding period), multiplied by a fraction the numerator of which is the number of calendar days in the period ending on the Closing Date and the denominator of which is the number of calendar days in the entire period.
SECTION 11.2.      Returns and Payments
.
(a)      The Sellers shall be responsible for preparing and filing (or causing to be prepared and filed) all Tax Returns of the Transferred Companies for all taxable periods ending on or before the Closing Date, and Buyer shall be responsible for preparing and filing (or causing to be prepared and filed) all other Tax Returns of the Transferred Companies. With respect to all such Tax Returns that relate to taxable periods ending on or before the Closing Date or the portion of the Straddle Periods ending on the Closing Date, (i) such Tax Returns shall be filed in a manner consistent with past practice and no position shall be taken, election made, or method adopted that is inconsistent with positions taken, elections made,





or methods used in prior periods in filing such Tax Returns (including inconsistent positions which would have the effect of accelerating income to periods for which the Sellers are liable or deferring deductions to periods for which Buyer is liable) unless required by Law, and (ii) such Tax Returns shall be submitted to the other party not later than *** prior to the due date for filing such Tax Returns (or, if such due date is within *** following the Closing Date, as promptly as practicable following the Closing Date) for review and approval by such other party, which approval may not be unreasonably withheld, delayed or conditioned.
(b)      In any case where a party is required to file a Tax Return (the “ Filing Party ”) on which there is shown an amount of Tax that is allocable to the other party (the “ Non-Filing Party ”), the Non-Filing Party shall pay to the Filing Party the amount so allocated to it pursuant to Section 11.1 in accordance with the provisions of Section 11.5 .
SECTION 11.3.      Refunds
. Any refund (including any interest paid by a Taxing Authority with respect thereto and net of any cost to Buyer and its Affiliates attributable to the obtaining and receipt of such refund) of or credit for Taxes of or relating to any of the Transferred Companies for any taxable period ending on or prior to the Closing Date or for any Liability of Taxes for which the Sellers are liable pursuant to this Agreement shall be the property of the Sellers (on a pro rata basis based on their Seller Percentages), but in each case, only to the extent such Taxes were actually paid by the Sellers or any of the Transferred Companies prior to the Closing Date or taken into account as a Current Liability in determining the Working Capital Adjustment or paid by the Sellers after the Closing Date. If such a refund is received by or otherwise credited to Buyer, or the Transferred Companies, it shall be paid over promptly to the Sellers (and all interest actually received from a Taxing Authority with respect to such a refund shall also be paid over to the Sellers at such time). Notwithstanding the foregoing, no refund or credit shall be the property of any Seller or payable to any Seller to the extent such refund or credit (a) arises as the result of a carryback of a loss or other Tax benefit from that is allocable to a taxable period (or portion thereof) beginning on or after the Closing Date or (b) was specifically taken into account as a Current Asset in the determination of the Working Capital Adjustment. To the extent any such refund or credit is subsequently disallowed or required to be returned to the applicable Taxing Authority, the Sellers agree promptly to repay the amount of such refund or credit, together with any interest, penalties or other additional amounts imposed by such Taxing Authority, to Buyer.
SECTION 11.4.      Contests
.
(a)      After the Closing Date, Buyer shall promptly notify the Sellers or the Sellers shall promptly notify Buyer in writing of any written notice of a proposed assessment or claim in a Tax Contest of or relating to Buyer, the Sellers, or the Transferred Companies which, if determined adversely to the taxpayer, would be grounds for indemnification under this Article XI ; provided , however , that a failure to give such notice will not affect the rights of a party to indemnification under this Agreement except to the extent, if any, that (i) but for such failure, the other party could have avoided all or a portion of the Tax Liability in question or (ii) such failure otherwise ***.
(b)      In the case of a Tax Contest that (i) relates solely to periods ending on or before *** or (ii) relates solely to a Liability for Taxes for which the Sellers could have to indemnify Buyer or the Transferred Companies pursuant to this Agreement, the Sellers shall have the right to control the conduct of such Tax Contest; provided that Buyer shall have the right to participate in all such Tax Contests.





Buyer shall control all other Tax Contests; provided that the Sellers shall have the right to participate in all Tax Contests that are ***.
(c)      None of Buyer or the Transferred Companies or any Affiliate of any of the foregoing, nor any Seller nor any Affiliate of any Seller, shall enter into any compromise or agree to settle any claim pursuant to any Tax Contest that would adversely affect any other such party for any year without the written consent of such other party, which consent may not be unreasonably withheld or delayed. The Company, Buyer and the Sellers agree to cooperate in the defense against or compromise of any Tax Contest.
SECTION 11.5.      Time of Payment
. Payment by the party liable under Section 11.1 of any amount due under this Article XI in respect of Taxes or Tax Contest Expenses shall be made (a) if such amount is not the subject of a claim, dispute, or Action for indemnification under this Article XI , at least *** before the due date of the applicable estimated or final Tax Return required to be filed by the Filing Party on which is required to be reported Tax for which the Non-Filing Party is responsible under Section 11.1 and (b) if such amount is the subject of a claim, dispute, or Action for indemnification under this Article XI , when such claim, dispute, or Action is finally determined. A claim, dispute, or Action, and the Liability for and amount of Taxes or Tax Contest Expenses related thereto, shall be deemed to be “finally determined” for purposes of this Article XI when the parties to this Agreement have so determined by mutual agreement or, if disputed, when a final non-appealable Governmental Order has been entered into with respect to such claim or Action.
SECTION 11.6.      Cooperation and Exchange of Information
. The Company, the Sellers and Buyer agree to provide one another with such cooperation and information as any of them reasonably may request in filing any Tax Return, amended Tax Return or claim for refund, determining a Liability for Taxes or a right to a refund of Taxes, participating in or conducting any audit or other proceeding in respect of Taxes of the Transferred Companies. Such cooperation and information shall include providing copies of relevant Tax Returns or relevant portions thereof, together with accompanying schedules, related work papers and documents relating to rulings or other determinations by any Taxing Authority. The Company, the Sellers and Buyer shall make their employees available on a basis mutually-convenient to both parties to provide explanations of any documents or information provided hereunder. Each such party shall retain all Tax Returns, schedules and work papers, records and other documents in its possession relating to Tax matters of the Transferred Companies for each taxable period first ending after the Closing Date and for all prior taxable periods until the later of (a) the expirations of the statutes of limitations of the taxable periods to which such Tax Returns and other documents relate, without regard to extensions (except to the extent that the other party has been notified in writing of such extensions for the respective Tax periods) or (b) *** following the due date (without extension) for such Tax Returns. Any information obtained under this Section 11.6 shall be kept confidential except as may be otherwise necessary in connection with the filing of Tax Returns or claims for refund or in connection with any Tax Contest.
SECTION 11.7.      Miscellaneous
.
(a)      The Sellers and Buyer agree to treat all payments made by any of them to or for the benefit of the other (including any payments to the Transferred Companies) under Article X , under this





Article XI , or under other indemnity provisions of this Agreement as adjustments to the Purchase Price for Tax purposes and agree that such treatment shall govern for purposes hereof.
(b)      Notwithstanding any provision in this Agreement to the contrary, the obligations of the parties set forth in this Article XI shall be unconditional and absolute and shall remain in effect until *** after the expiration of the applicable statute of limitations.
(c)      To the extent any provision of Article X conflicts with this Article XI , this Article XI shall control, and, for the avoidance of doubt, Section 10.2(b) shall not apply to any matter governed by this Article XI .
(d)      All excise, sales, use, transaction, conveyance, stock transfer, value-added, transfer (including real property transfer or gains), stamp, documentary, filing, recordation, and other similar Taxes, levies, or assessments, together with any interest, additions, or penalties with respect thereto and any interest in respect of such additions or penalties (“ Transfer Taxes ”), resulting from the transactions contemplated by this Agreement shall be borne by ***. Any Tax Return required to be filed with respect to the Transfer Taxes shall be prepared and filed by the party responsible under applicable Law for filing such Tax Return with respect to Transfer Taxes. The parties shall cooperate in good faith to prepare and file such Tax Returns and the costs of preparing such Tax Returns shall be borne by ***. Sellers or Buyer, as the case may be, shall indemnify and hold harmless the other party against any Transfer Taxes or costs allocated to Sellers or Buyer, as the case may be, pursuant to the preceding sentence.
(e)      In the event that any cash payment is payable by Buyer to the Sellers pursuant to Article X or Article XI of this Agreement, then, notwithstanding such provision, such payment shall only be in cash to the Non-Rolling Sellers, and such payment to the other Sellers shall be made in shares of the Buyer, based on the same valuation per share as is implied by the Contribution Agreements.
ARTICLE XII

TERMINATION PRIOR TO CLOSING
SECTION 12.1.      Termination of Agreement
. This Agreement may be terminated in writing only as follows:
(a)      by the Sellers holding a Majority in Interest or Buyer at any time prior to the Closing, in the event of the issuance of a final, non-appealable Governmental Order that prohibits or restrains any party from consummating the transactions contemplated hereby;
(b)      by the Sellers holding a Majority in Interest or Buyer at any time prior to the Closing, if the Closing has not occurred on or prior to ***, unless the failure of the Closing to occur results from ***;
(c)      by mutual written consent of the Sellers holding a Majority in Interest and Buyer at any time prior to the Closing;
(d)      by Buyer at any time prior to the Closing, if there shall have been a breach of any of the covenants or agreements or any of the representations or warranties set forth in this Agreement on the part of the Company or any Seller***, and such breach remains uncured *** after Buyer has notified





the breaching party of such breach in writing; or
(e)      by Sellers holding a Majority in Interest at any time prior to the Closing, if there shall have been a breach of any of the covenants or agreements or any of the representations or warranties set forth in this Agreement on the part of Buyer***, and such breach remains uncured *** after Buyer has been notified of such breach in writing.
SECTION 12.2.      Survival
. If this Agreement is terminated and the transactions contemplated hereby are not consummated as described above, this Agreement will become null and void and of no further force and effect, except for (a) the provisions of *** and (b) rights and obligations arising from any breach of this Agreement prior to such termination.
ARTICLE XIII

GENERAL PROVISIONS
SECTION 13.1.      Fees and Expenses
. Whether or not the purchase and sale of the Shares is consummated, each party hereto shall pay its own fees and expenses incident to preparing for, entering into and carrying out this Agreement and the consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby.
SECTION 13.2.      Notices
. All notices, requests, demands, waivers and other communications required or permitted to be given or made under this Agreement shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given or made if (i) delivered personally, (ii) mailed by certified or registered mail with postage prepaid, (iii) sent by next-Business Day or overnight mail or delivery, or (iv) sent by facsimile or email, provided that delivery of such facsimile or email is promptly confirmed, as follows (or at such other address for a party as shall be specified by like notice):
(i)      if to Buyer, to
Energy Capital Partners
11943 El Camino Real, Suite 220
San Diego, California 92130
Fax: (858) 703-4401
Attention: ***
Email: ***@ECPartners.com
with a copy to:
Latham & Watkins LLP





355 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90071-1560
Fax: (213) 891-8763
Attention: David B. Rogers and Ora T. Fisher
Email: David.Rogers@LW.com and Ora.Fisher@LW.com
(ii)      if to the Sellers, to
Acorn Energy, Inc.
4 W. Rockland Road
Post Office Box 9
Montchanin, DE 19710
Fax: (302) 656-1703
Attention: ***
Email: ***@acornenergy.com
EnerTech Capital Partners III, L.P.
Building D Suite 105
625 W. Ridge Pike
Conshohocken, PA 19428
Fax: (484) 582-1091
Attention: ***
Email: ***@enertechcapital.com
William J. McMahon
***
Fax: ***
Attention: William J. McMahon
Email: ***@bellsouth.net
Michael F. Mattes
***





Fax: ***
Attention: Michael F. Mattes
Email: ***@comporium.net
Eric B. Dana
***
Fax: ***
Attention: Eric B. Dana
Email: ***@aol.com
and
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
***
Fax: ***
Attention: Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
Email: ***@gmail.com
with copies to:
Eilenberg & Krause L.L.P.
11 E 44th Street, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10017
Fax: (212) 986-2399
Attention: Sheldon Krause
Email: sk@ezlaw.com
and
Dechert LLP
Cira Centre
2929 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2808
Fax: (215) 994-2222





Attention: Ian A. Hartman
Email: ian.hartman@dechert.com
if to the Company, to
CoaLogix, Inc.
11707 Steele Creek Road
Charlotte, NC 28273
Fax: (704) 827-8935
Attention: ***
Email: ***@coalogix.com
with a copy to:
Chadbourne & Parke LLP
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York, NY 10112
Fax: (646) 710-1002
Attention: Jonathan M.A. Melmed
Email: jmelmed@chadbourne.com
All such notices, requests, demands, waivers and other communications will be deemed to have been received (w) if by personal delivery, on the day of such delivery, (x) if by certified or registered mail, on the fifth Business Day after the mailing thereof, (y) if by next-Business Day or overnight mail or delivery, on the day delivered or (z) if by fax or email prior to 5:00 p.m. at the place of receipt, on the day on which such fax or email was sent, provided that a copy is also sent by certified or registered mail.
SECTION 13.3.      Interpretation
. When a reference is made in this Agreement to an Article, a Section, a clause, an Exhibit or a Schedule, that reference is to an Article, a Section or a clause of, or an Exhibit or a Schedule to, this Agreement unless otherwise indicated. Any fact or item disclosed in any section of the Disclosure Schedule will be deemed disclosed in all other sections of the Disclosure Schedule to which the relevance of such fact or item is reasonably apparent on the face of such disclosure. Disclosure of any item in the Disclosure Schedule will not be deemed an admission that such item represents a material item, fact, exception of fact, event or circumstance or that occurrence or non-occurrence of any change or effect related to such item would result in a Seller Material Adverse Effect, a Company Material Adverse Effect or a Buyer Material Adverse Effect. The table of contents and headings contained in this Agreement are for reference purposes only and will not affect in any way the meaning or interpretation of this Agreement. Whenever the words “include,” “includes” or “including” are used in this Agreement, they will be deemed to be followed by the words “without limitation,” whether or not they are in fact following





by those words or words of like import. Whenever the singular is used herein, the same will include the plural, and whenever the plural is used herein, the same will include the singular, where appropriate. All Exhibits, Schedules and the Disclosure Schedule annexed hereto or referred to herein are hereby incorporated in and made a part of this Agreement as if set forth in full herein. Any capitalized term used in any Exhibit, Schedule or section of the Disclosure Schedule but not otherwise defined therein will have the meaning given to such term in this Agreement. Any reference to “days” means calendar days unless Business Days are expressly specified. If any action under this Agreement is required to be done or taken on a day that is not a Business Day, then such action shall be required to be done or taken not on such day but on the first succeeding Business Day thereafter. “Writing,” “written” and comparable terms refer to printing, typing and other means of reproducing words (including electronic media) in a visible form. References from or through any date mean, unless otherwise specified, from and including or through and including, respectively. This Agreement is to be construed without regard to any presumption or rule requiring construction or interpretation against the party drafting or causing any instrument to be drafted. References to any statute, listing rule, rule, standard, regulation or other Law will be deemed to include a reference to the corresponding rules and regulations, if any, and each of them as amended, modified, supplemented, consolidated, replaced or rewritten from time to time. References to any section of any statute, listing rule, rule, standard, regulation or other Law will be deemed to include any successor to such section. References to “$” or “dollars” are references to United States dollars.
SECTION 13.4.      Entire Agreement; Third-Party Beneficiaries
. Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, this Agreement, the Contribution Agreements and the Escrow Agreement constitute the entire agreement of the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and supersedes all prior agreements and undertakings, both written and oral, other than the Confidentiality Agreement to the extent not in conflict with this Agreement, among or on behalf of the Company, the Sellers, the Buyer and their respective Affiliates with respect to the subject matter hereof. Except as provided in Section 6.11 with respect to D&O Indemnified Persons, in Article X with respect to Buyer Indemnitees and Seller Indemnitees, and in Article XI with respect to the parties entitled to indemnification thereunder, this Agreement is for the sole benefit of the parties to this Agreement and their permitted successors and assigns and nothing in this Agreement, express or implied, is intended to or shall confer upon any other Person any legal or equitable right, benefit or remedy of any nature whatsoever under or by reason of this Agreement.
SECTION 13.5.      Governing Law
. This Agreement shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the Laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of laws thereof.
SECTION 13.6.      Assignment
. Neither this Agreement nor any of the rights, interests or obligations under this Agreement shall be assigned, in whole or in part, by operation of Law or otherwise by either of the parties without the prior written consent of the Buyer and Sellers holding a Majority in Interest, in the case of an assignment by any Seller, or the Sellers holding a Majority in Interest, in the case of an assignment by Buyer, and any such assignment that is not consented to shall be null and void; provided , however that Buyer may assign any of its rights, interests or obligations under this Agreement in whole or in part to any of its Affiliates without any consent of the Sellers or the Company. Subject to the preceding sentence, this Agreement shall be binding upon, inure to the benefit of, and be enforceable by, the parties and their respective successors and assigns.





SECTION 13.7.      Dispute Resolution; Enforcement
.
(a)      In the event of any dispute arising under this Agreement, prior to the commencement of litigation, a senior officer of each of the parties engaged in such dispute shall attempt in good faith to resolve the dispute consistent with the terms of this Agreement. If they are unable to resolve the dispute in this manner within a reasonable period of time, the parties may pursue judicial remedies with respect to such dispute.
(b)      Each of the parties hereto hereby irrevocably and unconditionally submits to the exclusive jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery or, if under applicable Law exclusive jurisdiction over the matter is vested in the federal courts, any court of the United States located in the state of Delaware, for purposes of enforcing this Agreement or determining any claim arising from or related to the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. In any such Action, each of the parties hereto irrevocably and unconditionally waives and agrees not to assert by way of motion, as a defense or otherwise any claim that it is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery, or, if under applicable Law exclusive jurisdiction over the matter is vested in the federal courts, any court of the United States located in the state of Delaware, that such Action is not subject to the jurisdiction of the Delaware Court of Chancery, or, if under applicable Law exclusive jurisdiction over the matter is vested in the federal courts, any court of the United States located in the state of Delaware, that such Action is brought in an inconvenient forum or that the venue of such Action is improper. Each party also agrees that any final and unappealable judgment against a party hereto in connection with any Action shall be conclusive and binding on such party and that such award or judgment may be enforced in any court of competent jurisdiction, either within or outside of the United States. A certified or exemplified copy of such award or judgment shall be conclusive evidence of the fact and amount of such award or judgment. Each party hereto agrees that any process or other paper to be served in connection with any Action under this Agreement shall, if delivered, sent or mailed in accordance with Section 13.2 , constitute good, proper and sufficient service thereof.
SECTION 13.8.      Severability; Amendment and Waiver
.
(a)      Whenever possible, each provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement shall be interpreted in such manner as to be effective and valid under applicable Law, but if any provision or portion of any provision of this Agreement is held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect under any applicable Law or rule in any jurisdiction, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provision or portion of any provision in such jurisdiction, and this Agreement shall be reformed, construed and enforced in such jurisdiction as if such invalid, illegal or unenforceable provision or portion of any provision had never been contained herein.
(b)      This Agreement may be amended, or the terms hereof waived, only by a written instrument signed by (i) Buyer and (ii) either (x) Sellers holding a Majority in Interest if the amendment or waiver would affect the rights and obligations of the Company (if prior to the Closing) or of the Sellers generally, without any disparate impact on one or more Sellers, or (y) otherwise, each Seller whose rights and obligations hereunder would be affected thereby; provided that this Section 13.8(b) may be amended only by a written instrument signed by Buyer and all the Sellers.
(c)      No delay on the part of any party in exercising any right, power or privilege





hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any waiver on the part of any party of any right, power or privilege, nor any single or partial exercise of any such right, power or privilege, preclude any further exercise thereof or the exercise of any other such right, power or privilege.
SECTION 13.9.      Specific Performance
. Subject to Section 10.3 , the parties agree that irreparable damage would occur in the event that any of the provisions of this Agreement were not performed in accordance with their specific terms or were otherwise breached. Subject to Section 10.3 , it is accordingly agreed that the parties shall be entitled to an injunction or injunctions to prevent breaches of this Agreement and to enforce specifically the terms and provisions of this Agreement in accordance with this Agreement, this being in addition to any other remedy to which such party is entitled at law or in equity.
SECTION 13.10.      Counterparts
. This Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, and by the different parties to each such agreement in separate counterparts, each of which when executed will be deemed to be an original but all of which taken together will constitute one and the same agreement. Delivery of an executed counterpart of a signature page to this Agreement by facsimile or other means of electronic transmission shall be as effective as delivery of a manually executed counterpart of this Agreement.
SECTION 13.11.      WAIVER OF JURY TRIAL
. EACH PARTY TO THIS AGREEMENT ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT ANY CONTROVERSY WHICH MAY ARISE UNDER THE TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS IS LIKELY TO INVOLVE COMPLICATED AND DIFFICULT ISSUES, AND THEREFORE EACH SUCH PARTY HEREBY IRREVOCABLY AND UNCONDITIONALLY WAIVES ANY RIGHT SUCH PARTY MAY HAVE TO A TRIAL BY JURY IN RESPECT OF ANY LITIGATION DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY ARISING OUT OF OR RELATING TO THIS AGREEMENT OR THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS, OR THE TRANSACTIONS CONTEMPLATED BY THIS AGREEMENT OR THE OTHER TRANSACTION AGREEMENTS.
[Remainder of this page intentionally left blank.]

[Signature Page to Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement]
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Company, the Sellers and Buyer have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.
COALOGIX, INC.
By:
 
 William J. McMahon
 
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 





 
 
COALOGIX HOLDINGS, INC.
 
 
 
 
By:
 
 Andrew D. Singer
 
 President
 
 
 
 
ACORN ENERGY, INC.
By:
 
 John A. Moore
 
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
ENERTECH CAPITAL PARTNERS III, L.P.

By: ECPIII Management, L.P., its General Partner

By: ECPIII Management LLC, its General Partner
By:
 
      Scott Ungerer
 
      President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
WILLIAM J. MCMAHON
 
 
 
 





 
 


MICHAEL F. MATTES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
ERIC B. DANA
 
 
 
 
 
 
JOE B. COGDELL, JR.
 
 
 
 

Schedule I






Stockholders of CoaLogix Inc.
Stockholder
Shares held
Seller Percentage
Escrow Percentage
Acorn Energy, Inc.
3,280,211

72.28
%
72.69
%
***
***

***

***

***
***

***

***

Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
10,417

0.23
%
%
***
***

***

***

William J. McMahon
6,944

0.15
%
%
Total
4,538,458

100
%
100
%



Schedule II

Knowledge Holders
***
***
***
***
***
***
***






“***” = CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN OMITTED AND HAVE BEEN SEPARATELY FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO AN APPLICATION FOR CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER RULE 24B-2 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED
EXECUTION COPY
CPAM: 4144773.2
AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO STOCK PURCHASE AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT
This AMENDMENT NO. 1 TO STOCK PURCHASE AND CONTRIBUTION AGREEMENT, dated as of August 31, 2011 (this “ Amendment ”), is made by and among the parties named on Schedule I hereto (collectively, the “ Sellers ”) and CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., a New York corporation (“ Buyer ”).
RECITALS
A.      CoaLogix Inc., the Sellers and Buyer are parties to a Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2011 (the “ Agreement ”), pursuant to which the Sellers agreed to sell, and Buyer agreed to purchase, all of the outstanding shares of Capital Stock of the Company, other than the Rollover Shares, and the Sellers holding Rollover Shares agreed to contribute such Shares to Buyer in exchange for shares of Capital Stock of Buyer.
B.      Sellers holding Rollover Shares have agreed to increase the number of Rollover Options held by them, and in connection therewith the parties have agreed that there will be no Rollover Shares and that such Sellers will sell all of their Shares (including Rollover Shares) to Buyer in the Closing for cash in lieu of effecting such contribution and exchange.
C.      The parties desire to amend the Agreement in order to reflect the foregoing and to make such other conforming amendments to the Agreement as are set forth herein.
D.      Pursuant to Section 13.8(b) of the Agreement, the Agreement may be amended with the written consent of Buyer and each Seller whose rights and obligations under the Agreement are affected thereby.
Accordingly, in consideration of the mutual covenants, conditions and agreements set forth herein and for other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and sufficiency of which are hereby acknowledged, the Sellers and Buyer intending to be legally bound agree as follows:
SECTION 1.2 Amendment . The Agreement is hereby amended as follows:
(a) The name of the Agreement shall be changed from “Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement” to “Stock Purchase Agreement”.
(b) Recital C shall be amended by deleting the following language therein: “(other than the Rollover Shares, which will be contributed to the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements)”.
(c) Section 1.1 shall be amended by deleting the definitions of the following terms: “Contribution Agreements”, “ECP Contribution”, “Escrow Percentage”, “Non-Rolling Seller”, and “Rollover Shares”. Wherever the term “Escrow Percentage” or “Escrow Percentages” is used in the Agreement, such term shall be replaced with “Seller Percentage” or “Seller Percentages” as applicable.
(d) Section 1.1 shall be further amended by deleting the following language from the definition of “Acquisition Proposal”: “, the Contribution Agreements”.
(e) Section 1.1 shall be further amended by deleting the following language from the





definition of “Majority in Interest”: “(or, with respect to any use of the term “Majority in Interest” appearing in Section 2.5 or in the definition of Closing Statement Arbitrator, Escrow Percentages)”.
(f) Section 2.1 shall be amended by deleting from the first sentence thereof the phrase “, other than in each case the Rollover Shares, which will be contributed to the Buyer pursuant to the Contribution Agreements” and by deleting the proviso from the second sentence thereof.
(g) Section 2.2 shall be amended by deleting from the first sentence thereof the phrase “(other than the Rollover Shares) and the contribution of the Rollover Shares to the Buyer”.
(h) The heading of Section 2.3 shall be amended by deleting the phrase “; Contributions to Buyer”.
(i) Section 2.3(a) shall be amended by (i) changing the term “Non-Rolling Seller” to “Seller” in each instance where it appears therein and (ii) deleting clauses (B) and (E) and re-lettering clauses (C) and (D) as (B) and (C), respectively.
(j) Section 2.3(b) shall be deleted in its entirety.
(k) Section 2.4 shall be amended by (i) deleting paragraphs (d) and (e) and re-lettering the subsequent paragraphs sequentially and (ii) changing the reference to “Non-Rolling Sellers” therein to “Sellers”.
(l) Section 2.5 shall be amended by (i) changing the term “Non-Rolling Seller” to “Seller” in each instance where it appears therein and (ii) amending clause (ii) of paragraph (f) thereof such that it reads in its entirety as follows:
“If the Estimated Purchase Price is greater than the Final Purchase Price, the Buyer and each Seller shall cause to be released from the Escrow Account an amount equal to the product of (x) such excess, up to the Working Capital Escrow, multiplied by (y) such Seller's Seller Percentage, and if the Working Capital Escrow is insufficient, each Seller shall pay to Buyer by Wire Transfer an amount equal to such Seller's Seller Percentage of the shortfall.”
(m) Section 3.2 shall be amended by deleting from the second sentence thereof the following language: “, any Contribution Agreement to which such Seller is party,”.
(n) Section 8.3 shall be amended by deleting from the first sentence thereof the following language: “contribution or”.
(o) Section 10.2(i) shall be amended such that it reads in its entirety as follows:
“In the event that any Seller is required to indemnify any Buyer Indemnitee under this Agreement with respect to any claim asserted in good faith on or prior to the *** anniversary of the Closing (a “ Timely Claim ”), such Seller and the Buyer shall cause such amount to be paid from the Escrow Account (to the extent available from such Seller's sub-account in the Escrow Account), and such payment shall be deemed to be made by such Seller in satisfaction of such claim to the extent of such payment. The Buyer and the Sellers shall keep a ledger of any distributions made from the Escrow Account. On the *** anniversary of the Closing, the Sellers and the Buyer shall cause all amounts then remaining in the Escrow Account to be released and paid to the Sellers (in accordance with the amounts in each Seller's sub-account in the Escrow Account); provided , however , that if any Timely Claim against any Seller remains pending on such anniversary, the amount of such Timely Claim shall not be so released from such Seller's sub-account until such Timely Claim is resolved and any payment required to be made with respect to such Timely Claim is made.”
(p) Section 11.7(e) shall be deleted in its entirety.
(q) Section 13.4 shall be amended by deleting from the first sentence thereof the following language: “, the Contribution Agreements”.





(r) Schedule I shall be amended by deleting the last column thereof (entitled “Escrow Percentage”).
(s) Exhibit A shall be deleted in its entirety.
SECTION 2.2 Effectiveness . The amendments to the Agreement set forth herein shall be effective immediately upon the execution and delivery (including by facsimile) of a counterpart to this Amendment by each of the signatories hereto.
SECTION 3.2 Continued Effect . Except as expressly amended hereby, the Agreement is hereby confirmed and ratified and shall remain unchanged and in full force and effect.
SECTION 4.2 Defined Terms and References . Terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings set forth in the Agreement, and references to Sections, Exhibits and Schedules herein are references to sections, exhibits and schedules of the Agreement, unless otherwise indicated. All references in the Agreement to the Agreement shall be deemed to refer to the Agreement as amended hereby.
SECTION 5.2 Governing Law . This Amendment shall be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the Laws of the State of Delaware, regardless of the Laws that might otherwise govern under applicable principles of conflicts of laws thereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Sellers and Buyer have signed or have caused this Amendment to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized, all as of the date first written above.





COALOGIX HOLDINGS, INC.
 
 
 
 
By:
 
 Andrew D. Singer
 
 President
 
 
 
 
ACORN ENERGY, INC.
By:
 
 John A. Moore
 
 President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
ENERTECH CAPITAL PARTNERS III, L.P.

By: ECPIII Management, L.P., its General Partner

By: ECPIII Management LLC, its General Partner
By:





 
      Scott Ungerer
 
      President and Chief Executive Officer
 
 
 
 
WILLIAM J. MCMAHON
 
 
 
 


MICHAEL F. MATTES
 
 
 
 
 
ERIC B. DANA
 
 
 
 
 
JOE B. COGDELL, JR.
 
 
 
 








Schedule I

Sellers
 
Acorn Energy, Inc.
***
***
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
***
William J. McMahon
 









August 31, 2011
CONFIDENTIAL
CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.
51 John F. Kennedy Parkway, Suite 200
Short Hills, New Jersey 07078
Attention: Andrew D. Singer
Re:      CoaLogix Employment Agreements
CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.,

In connection with the closing of the transactions contemplated by the Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement (the “ SPA ”), dated as of July 28, 2011, among CoaLogix Holdings, Inc. (“ CoaLogix Holdings ”), CoaLogix Inc. (“ CoaLogix ”), and the stockholders of CoaLogix (including Acorn Energy, Inc. (“ Acorn ”)), pursuant to which CoaLogix Holdings will purchase all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of CoaLogix from such stockholders on the terms and conditions set forth in the SPA, the employment agreements for certain executives of CoaLogix to which Acorn is a party will be amended and restated to, among other things, remove Acorn as a party.  Acorn and each of the executives named below hereby acknowledge and agree that the employment agreements for the such executives will be amended and restated effective as of the Closing Date (as defined in the SPA) and that Acorn will not be a party to such amended and restated agreements and will have no rights or obligations thereunder.





Executive (each with respect to his own agreement)
 
____________________
William J. McMahon III
 
____________________
Michael F. Mattes
 
____________________
Li Zhang
 
____________________
Michael Cooper
 
____________________
Frank Wenz



ACORN ENERGY, INC.

_____________________________     
Name: John A. Moore
President & Chief Executive Officer








    
 
EXECUTION COPY         




CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.
51 John F. Kennedy Parkway, Suite 200
Short Hills, New Jersey 07078
Attention: Andrew D. Singer
Facsimile: (858) 703-4401



August 31, 2011


Acorn Energy, Inc.
4 W. Rockland Road
P.O. Box 4
Montchanin, DE 19710

Gentlemen,

Secondment of Joe B. Cogdell, Jr. to Acorn Energy, Inc.

In this letter:

Amended and Restated Employment Agreement ” means the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement between CoaLogix and the Secondee, dated as of the date hereof;
Acorn ” means Acorn Energy, Inc.;
Acquisition ” means the transactions provided for in the SPA;
Closing Date ” shall have the meaning set forth in the SPA;
CoaLogix ” means CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.;
Prior Employment Agreement ” means the employment agreement, dated September 15, 2008, among the Secondee, Acorn and CoaLogix;
Prior Services Agreement ” means the Services Agreement, dated September 15, 2008, among the Secondee, Acorn and Coalogix;
Secondee ” means Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.;
Secondment Period ” means the period of time from the Closing Date through the Three-Month Anniversary or any earlier date on which the Secondee's secondment is terminated pursuant to the terms herein;





SPA ” means the Stock Purchase and Contribution Agreement, dated as of July 28, 2011, pursuant to which the Company will purchase all of the outstanding shares of capital stock of CoaLogix, Inc. (other than certain Rollover Shares (as defined in the SPA)), on the terms and conditions set forth in the SPA; and
Three-Month Anniversary ” means the three-month anniversary of the Closing Date
CoaLogix, Inc., Acorn and the other stockholders of CoaLogix, Inc. have entered into the SPA. CoaLogix, Inc., Acorn and the Secondee are parties to the Prior Employment Agreement, which will be amended and restated as of the date hereof, and to the Prior Services Agreement, providing for the secondment of the Secondee to Acorn.
In connection with the Acquisition and the entry into of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, the Company, Acorn and the Secondee desire to amend and restate the Prior Services Agreement in this letter, which will set out the terms that have been agreed among Acorn, the Company and the Secondee concerning the continued secondment of the Secondee to Acorn for a period of time following the Acquisition. This letter is the “Amended and Restated Services Agreement” referenced in the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement.
We are pleased to confirm our agreement to continue, following the Closing Date, the Secondee's secondment at Acorn providing services as Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary with responsibilities, duties and authority customary for such position, subject to direction by the board of directors of Acorn and the Chief Executive Officer of Acorn. Unless sooner terminated, the secondment will terminate on the Three-Month Anniversary.
1.      Amended and Restated Employment Agreement
Acorn hereby acknowledges and agrees that the Original Employment Agreement will be superseded by the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement as of the date hereof, and that Acorn will not be a party to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement and will have no rights or obligations thereunder, except with respect to the determination of the amount and timing of the Acorn 2011 Bonus as described in Section 4 below and in Section 3(b) of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement.
2.      Secondment Status
During the Secondment Period, the Secondee will remain an employee of CoaLogix under the terms and conditions of his employment with CoaLogix. During the Secondment Period, the Secondee will spend fifty percent of his working hours providing services to Coalogix and fifty percent of his working hours providing services to Acorn. Except with respect to the stock options for 120,000 shares of common stock of Acorn referenced in the Prior Employment Agreement, (a) CoaLogix will pay or provide Secondee all compensation, bonus, other amounts and benefit entitlements to which he is entitled in accordance with its normal policies and procedures; (b) the Secondee will not be entitled to any compensation from Acorn; (c) the Secondee shall not be entitled to participate in any Acorn benefits or benefit plans; and (d) CoaLogix shall be responsible for all tax withholdings and other deductions required by law relating to the secondment and for all workers' compensation, unemployment obligations, and other statutory obligations regarding employment relating to the Secondee.
The Secondee will during the secondment be bound by CoaLogix's general requirements of its own employees, including all of CoaLogix's workplace conduct policies, standards and procedures.
3.      Authority and Control





The Secondee will have the authority to act on behalf of Acorn in the day-to-day operations of Acorn. The Secondee shall be subject to the direction of Acorn's Chief Executive Officer with regard to the services provided to Acorn. The Secondee shall, at all times during the secondment, be under the day-to-day control of Acorn with respect to his duties to Acorn.
4.      Compensation Costs and Expenses
In consideration for the Secondee's services to Acorn during the Secondment Period, Acorn will pay CoaLogix $24,778.73 per month during the Secondment Period, with each monthly payment to be paid to CoaLogix within five days following the end of the month with respect to which the payment relates. Acorn will also determine, in its sole discretion, the amount of the Secondee's 2011 bonus attributable to the Secondee's services for Acorn (the “ Acorn 2011 Bonus ”), and Coalogix shall pay such bonus to the Secondee pursuant to the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement at the time following the end of calendar year 2011 directed by Acorn, which shall in no event be later than March 1, 2012. Acorn shall reimburse Coalogix for such bonus payment within five days after the payment of such bonus to Secondee. In addition, Acorn will reimburse CoaLogix for any expenses for which the Secondee is entitled to reimbursement pursuant to Section 3(f) of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement that relate to the Secondee's services for Acorn, with such reimbursement to be paid to CoaLogix with the monthly payment due for the month following the month that includes the date the applicable expense is incurred.
5.      Termination of Secondment
The Secondment Period will terminate on the Three-Month Anniversary; provided that Acorn may terminate the Secondment Period on any earlier date by giving not less than thirty days advance notice in writing to Coalogix at any time. If Acorn terminates the Secondment Period prior to the Three-Month Anniversary, it will be required to continue to pay Coalogix the compensation costs and expenses specified in Section 4, including the cash monthly payments for each month through the Three-Month Anniversary, in each case at the times specified therein.
The Secondment Period shall terminate automatically, without notice to any party, upon the termination of the Secondee's employment with CoaLogix for any reason. In the event such employment with CoaLogix is terminated, CoaLogix shall provide prompt notice of same to Acorn, and Acorn will reimburse Coalogix for a portion of any Severance Payment or Severance Benefits payable to the Secondee pursuant to Section 5 of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, with such portion determined by multiplying the aggregate dollar value of such Severance Payment and Severance Benefits (as reasonably determined by CoaLogix) by a fraction, the numerator of which is fifty percent of the number of days following the date of such termination and prior to and including the Three-Month Anniversary and the denominator of which is 730. Such reimbursement will be paid from Acorn to Coalogix within 30 days following the date of termination of the Secondee's employment.
Acorn may terminate the secondment at any time with immediate effect and without any payment by notice in writing to CoaLogix if:
The Secondee engages in any misconduct or other conduct which, in the reasonable judgment of Acorn, affects or is likely to affect prejudicially the interests of Acorn; or
The Secondee is unable properly to perform his duties by reason of ill-health, accident or otherwise for a period of thirty consecutive working days.
Termination of the secondment shall not terminate the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, and the Secondee shall not be entitled to any severance payments or benefits solely as a result of





termination of the secondment.
6.      Indemnities and Waivers
Acorn will indemnify CoaLogix for and against all costs, claims, liabilities and expenses which CoaLogix incurs or suffers arising from claims made against it by third parties in respect of any act, omission or error of judgment (whether or not negligent or otherwise actionable) by the Secondee arising from the performance of his duties for Acorn during the secondment, but only if and to the extent the Secondee has acted in respect of such acts, omissions or errors in accordance with the directives of Acorn and its workplace standards of conduct.
CoaLogix will indemnify Acorn for and against (i) all employment-related liabilities relating to compensation and benefits due or alleged to be due to the Secondee (whether arising out of or related to the Secondee's employment with CoaLogix, the Secondee's secondment to Acorn or otherwise), (ii) all damage, injury or loss caused by or resulting from any breach by CoaLogix of this letter or any violation by CoaLogix of any laws applicable to the secondment of the Secondee, and (iii) all costs, claims, liabilities and expenses which Acorn incurs or suffers arising from claims made against it by third parties in respect of any act, omission or error of judgment (whether or not negligent or otherwise actionable) of the Secondee during the secondment, except for those acts or omissions during the course of and in furtherance of Secondee's duties under the secondment that are in accordance with the directives of Acorn and its workplace standards of conduct.
7.      General
Nothing in this letter shall constitute a partnership or joint venture between the parties nor have the effect of constituting the Secondee as an employee of Acorn.
The termination of the secondment as permitted in this letter shall not affect those provisions that are expressed to have continuing operation or effect after termination nor shall termination affect the waivers and indemnities contained in Section 6.
This letter sets out the entire agreement and understanding of the parties pertaining to the secondment; however, the terms of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement are, to the extent consistent with this letter, incorporated herein by reference. In the event of any conflict between the terms of this letter and the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement, the terms of the Amended and Restated Employment Agreement shall control.
The terms of this letter are governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York.         








Please confirm the acceptance of Acorn to the terms of this letter by signing where indicated below.
Yours sincerely,

______________________________          Date: ________________________
William J. McMahon
President and Chief Executive Officer


For and on Behalf of Acorn


______________________________          Date:___________________________
Name: John A. Moore
President & Chief Executive Officer

Seen and Acknowledged:

_______________________________          Date:_____________________________
Name: Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
Secondee











Signature Page to Secondment Letter for Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.







“***” = CONFIDENTIAL PORTIONS OF THIS DOCUMENT HAVE BEEN OMITTED AND HAVE BEEN SEPARATELY FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION PURSUANT TO AN APPLICATION FOR CONFIDENTIAL TREATMENT UNDER RULE 24B-2 UNDER THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934, AS AMENDED





    

    



Dated August 31, 2011



by and among



(1) CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.

(2)      Acorn Energy, Inc.

(3)      EnerTech Capital Partners III L.P.

(4)      William J. McMahon

(5)      Michael F. Mattes

(6)      Joe B. Cogdell

(7)      Eric B. Dana

and

(8)      Citibank, N.A.



____________________________________________________

ESCROW AGREEMENT
___________________________________________________


















THIS ESCROW AGREEMENT (“ Escrow Agreement ”) is made this 31st day of August, 2011,

AMONG:

(1)      CoaLogix Holdings, Inc., a New York corporation (the “ Buyer ”),

(2)      Acorn Energy, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“ Acorn ”);

(3)      EnerTech Capital Partners III L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (“ EnerTech ”, and together with Acorn, the “ Key Sellers ”);

(4)      William J. McMahon, an individual;

(5)      Michael F. Mattes, an individual;

(6)      Joe B. Cogdell, an individual;

(7)      Eric B. Dana, an individual (together with Acorn, EnerTech and the above-referenced individuals, the “ Sellers ”); and

(8)      Citibank, N.A., a national banking association (the “ Escrow Agent ”, and together with the Sellers and the Buyer, the “ Parties ”).

RECITALS:

(A)      The Sellers and the Buyer, together with CoaLogix Inc., a Delaware corporation (the “ Company ”), have entered into that certain Stock Purchase Agreement dated July 28, 2011, amended August 31, 2011 (the “ Purchase Agreement ”), pursuant to which the Buyer is to purchase all of the issued and outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (the “ Shares ”) as detailed in the Purchase Agreement.

(B)      The Purchase Agreement provides that, at the closing of such purchase, an aggregate amount of $*** (“ Escrow Funds ”) will be paid by the Buyer to the Escrow Agent to hold in escrow, as partial consideration for the purchase of the Shares.

(C)      The Purchase Agreement further provides that the Parties shall enter into this Escrow Agreement at the closing of the contribution, purchase and sale of the Shares.

(D)      Accordingly, it is the desire and intention of the Parties to cause the Escrow Funds to be deposited in a segregated escrow account with the Escrow Agent on the terms and conditions set out in this Escrow Agreement and thereafter only to be released to the entities entitled thereto pursuant to the Purchase Agreement in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Escrow Agreement.

(E)      Capitalized terms used and not otherwise defined herein shall have the meanings ascribed thereto in the Purchase Agreement.

IT IS AGREED AS FOLLOWS:
1      CREATION AND EFFECT OF ESCROW
1.1      On the date hereof, the Buyer will pay the Escrow Funds to the Escrow Agent for deposit in segregated sub-escrow accounts to be established by the Escrow Agent (collectively, the “ Escrow Account ”). Upon the deposit of the Escrow Funds, the Escrow Agent shall immediately allocate the Escrow Funds into six sub-accounts (the “ Sub-Accounts ”) in the amounts set forth on Schedule I hereto. Such allocated amounts shall





be held by the Escrow Agent in the Escrow Account for the benefit of the Buyer and the Seller to which such amounts are allocated, subject to the terms and conditions of this Escrow Agreement. Funds shall be transferred to the Escrow Agent as follows:

Bank:              Citibank, N.A.                 
ABA Number:          021000089
Credit Account#:      37432464
Credit Account Name:      PBG Concentration Account             
For Further Credit to:      CoaLogix Holding, Various Sellers Sub-Escrow Accounts
Attn:              Peter English (212) 783-7111         
2      ESCROW TERM
2.1      The Escrow Agent shall hold the Escrow Funds until the termination of this Escrow Agreement pursuant to Section 2.2.
2.2      This Escrow Agreement shall terminate upon the earlier of the following to occur:
2.2.1
the receipt by the Escrow Agent of a written instruction addressed to the Escrow Agent which has been signed on behalf of the Buyer and the Key Sellers that this Escrow Agreement has been terminated; or
2.2.2
the release of all of the Escrow Funds and all interest accrued thereon by the Escrow Agent, such that the remaining balance of the Escrow Account is zero.
2.3      All earnings, if any, on Escrow Funds in any Sub-Account (“ Escrow Earnings ”) during this period will accrue for the benefit of Buyer and the Seller for whose benefit such Escrow Funds are held and shall become a part of the Escrow Funds in the relevant Sub-Account when accrued and shall be available to satisfy any indemnity claims made under the Purchase Agreement against such Seller. Any Escrow Earnings remaining in any Sub-Account upon the termination of this Escrow Agreement shall be released to the Seller for whose benefit the Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account are held. For United States federal income tax purposes, the Parties agree that any Escrow Earnings shall be treated as income of the Seller for whose benefit the underlying Escrow Funds are held, in accordance with U.S. Treasury Regulations Section 1.468B-7(c).
3      RELEASE AND DISTRIBUTION OF ESCROW FUNDS
3.1      Release of Escrow Funds.
3.1.1
The Escrow Agent shall release Escrow Funds from any Sub-Account upon receipt of either (i) joint written instructions from the Buyer and the Seller for whose benefit the Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account are held, specifying their mutual agreement as to the release of Escrow Funds from such Sub-Account (“ Payment Instructions ”), or (ii) receipt by the Escrow Agent of a written notice from the Buyer or from the Seller to which such Sub-Account is allocated stating that a final judgment with respect to the release of Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account has been rendered (a “ Judgment Notice ”) which is accompanied by a copy of a final, non-appealable order of a court of competent jurisdiction (“ Order ”), pursuant to which such court has determined whether and to what extent the Buyer or such Seller is entitled to the release of Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account.
3.1.2
If the Escrow Agent has received Payment Instructions or a Judgment Notice and Order, as applicable, and if such Payment Instructions or Judgment Notice and Order, as applicable, indicate that the Buyer or any Seller is entitled to payment of all or any portion of the Escrow Funds, then the Escrow Agent shall release from the Escrow Funds and pay to Buyer or the Sellers, as applicable, such amount specified in such Payment Instructions or Judgment Notice and Order, as applicable. Any payment will be made on or before the fifth (5th) business day following the date on which the Escrow Agent received such Payment Instructions or the Judgment Notice and Order, as applicable. The Escrow Agent may conclusively rely upon an opinion of counsel to the presenting party that the Judgment Notice and Order is final and non-appealable and is from a court of competent jurisdiction.
3.1.3
As promptly as practicable following any disbursement or release of funds from the Escrow Funds, the Escrow Agent shall send a written statement to the Buyer and each Seller stating the amount and recipients of each such disbursement.





3.1.4
The Parties shall, and shall cause their respective affiliates to, execute and deliver on a timely basis any and all notices, instructions or other documents required under this Escrow Agreement. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Parties (other than the Escrow Agent) shall execute and deliver all such instructions as may be necessary, and will cooperate in good faith, to ensure distributions of the Escrow Funds to the entities or individuals entitled thereto under the terms of the Purchase Agreement.
3.1.5
The Escrow Agent shall release an amount of Escrow Funds from any Seller's Sub-Account to such Seller upon receipt of a written notice from such Seller stating that such amount is required by the Seller to pay taxes in respect of Escrow Earnings; provided, however, that such amount may not exceed 35% of all Escrow Earnings that have accrued to the Escrow Funds held for the benefit of such Seller since the last date on which a release was made under this Section 3.1.5 (or, if no such release has yet been made, since the initial funding of the Escrow Account). Any release under this Section 3.1.5 shall be on or before the fifth (5th) Business Day following the date on which the Escrow Agent received such written notice.
4      INVESTMENT OF FUNDS
4.1      Investment. The Escrow Agent shall invest the Escrow Funds in a “non-interest bearing transaction account” as set forth in Schedule II attached hereto. The Escrow Funds shall at all times remain available for distribution in accordance with Section 3 herein. The Escrow Agent is authorized to establish a non-interest bearing transaction account for the Escrow Funds and to transfer cash balances between the Escrow Account and its respective non-interest bearing transaction account when necessary to facilitate payments in accordance with the terms herein. It is understood that a monthly account statement will be issued for each non-interest bearing transaction account established in addition to the monthly account statement for the Escrow Account.
4.2      The Escrow Agent Not Responsible For Investment Decisions. Absent its timely receipt of such specific joint written instruction from the Buyer and the Key Sellers, the Escrow Agent shall have no obligation or duty to invest (or otherwise pay interest on) the Escrow Funds other than as specified in Section 4.1. All earnings, if any, received from the investment of the Escrow Funds in any Sub-Account shall be credited to, and shall become a part of, the Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account (and any losses on such investments shall be debited to the Escrow Funds in such Sub-Account). The Escrow Agent shall have no liability for any investment losses, including without limitation any market loss on any investment liquidated prior to maturity in order to make a payment required hereunder.
4.3      Transaction Confirmations. The Escrow Agent will furnish the Buyer and each Seller with monthly account statements and periodic cash transaction statements that shall include detail for all investment transactions made by the Escrow Agent hereunder in the Escrow Agent's standard statement format.
5      ESCROW AGENT'S RESPONSIBILITIES
5.1      It is agreed that the duties of the Escrow Agent are only such as are herein specifically provided, being purely ministerial in nature, and that it shall incur no liability whatsoever except for wilful misconduct or gross negligence so long as it has acted in good faith. With the exception of this Escrow Agreement, the Escrow Agent is not responsible for, or chargeable with knowledge of, any terms or provisions contained in any underlying agreement referred to in this Escrow Agreement or any other separate agreements and understandings between the Parties. The Escrow Agent shall not be liable for the accuracy of any calculations provided to it or the sufficiency of any funds for any purpose. In no event shall the Escrow Agent be liable for any special, indirect or consequential damages, other than such damages arising out of fraudulent or grossly negligent actions taken by the Escrow Agent. The Escrow Agent shall be under no responsibility in respect of the Escrow Funds deposited with it other than to follow the instructions herein contained. It may consult with independent legal counsel and shall be fully protected in any action taken in good faith, in accordance with the advice of such counsel. It shall not be required to defend any legal proceedings which may be instituted against it in respect of the subject matter of these instructions unless requested to do so by one or more of the Parties hereto and unless indemnified by the requesting Party to its reasonable satisfaction against the cost and expense of such defence. The Escrow Agent shall have the right to file legal proceedings, including an interpleader, to determine the proper disposition of assets hereunder, all costs thereof constituting an expense of this Escrow Agreement. Further limitations on liability and terms relating to the engagement of the Escrow Agent are attached hereto as Appendix A and incorporated herein by reference.
6      COmpensation of THE Escrow Agent





6.1      The Escrow Agent shall receive compensation for its services in accordance with Appendix B attached hereto.
6.2      The Escrow Agent's fee pursuant to the compensation hereinabove shall be borne equally by the Buyer on one hand and the Sellers, jointly and severally, on the other hand.
7      Authorization
7.1      The execution, delivery of and performance under this Escrow Agreement by the Buyer and the Sellers have been duly authorized by all necessary and appropriate action. The names, titles, signatures and contact information of the persons authorized to deliver notices or instructions to the Escrow Agent on behalf of the Buyer and the Sellers are attached as Appendix C to this Escrow Agreement (the “ Authorized Persons ”) and the Tax Identification Number for the Buyer and the Sellers shall be provided to the Escrow Agent on IRS Form W9 or as set forth below their respective signatures. The Buyer or Sellers may, by written notice to the Escrow Agent, add, delete or update information regarding the Authorized Persons set forth on Appendix C.
8      USA Patriot Act information and related provisions
8.1      The Parties shall provide to the Escrow Agent such information as the Escrow Agent may reasonably require to permit the Escrow Agent to comply with its obligations under the federal USA PATRIOT Act (Uniting and Strengthening America by Providing Appropriate Tools Required to Intercept and Obstruct Terrorism Act of 2001). The Escrow Agent shall not credit any amount of interest or investment proceeds earned on the Escrow Fund, or make any payment of all or a portion of the Escrow Fund, to any person unless and until such person has provided to the Escrow Agent such documents as the Escrow Agent may require to permit the Escrow Agent to comply with its obligations under such Act.
9      Wire transfers
9.1      In the event wire transfer instructions are given, whether in writing, by fax or otherwise, the Escrow Agent is authorized to seek confirmation of such instructions by telephone call-back to the designated Authorized Person, and the Escrow Agent may rely upon the confirmations of anyone purporting to be such Authorized Person upon such telephone call-back. The Escrow Agent and the beneficiary's bank in any wire transfer may rely solely upon any account numbers or similar identifying numbers provided by the Parties to identify (i) the beneficiary, (ii) the beneficiary's bank, or (iii) an intermediary bank. The Escrow Agent may apply any of escrowed funds for any payment order it executes using any such identifying number, even when its use may result in a person other than the beneficiary being paid, or the wire transfer of funds to a bank other than the beneficiary's bank or an intermediary bank designated. The Parties to this Agreement acknowledge that such security procedure is commercially reasonable.
10      GENERAL
10.1      Notices
Except as otherwise noted in this Agreement, all notices and other communications required or permitted to be given by any provision of this Agreement shall be in writing and mailed (certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested) or sent by hand or overnight courier, or by facsimile transmission (with acknowledgment received), charges prepaid and addressed to the intended recipient as follows, or to such other addresses or numbers as may be specified by a Party from time to time by like notice to the other Parties:

if to Buyer, to
Energy Capital Partners
11943 El Camino Real, Suite 220
San Diego, California 92130
Fax: (858) 703-4401
Telephone: (858) 703-4400
Attention: ***
Email: ***@ECPartners.com






with a copy to:
Latham & Watkins LLP
355 South Grand Avenue
Los Angeles, CA 90071-1560
Fax: (213) 891-8763
Attention: David B. Rogers and Ora T. Fisher
Email: David.Rogers @LW.com and Ora.Fisher@LW.com
if to the Sellers, to
Acorn Energy, Inc.
4 W. Rockland Road
Post Office Box 9
Montchanin, DE 19710
Fax: (302) 656-1703
Telephone: (302) 656-1707
Attention: ***
Email: ***@acornenergy.com
Enertech Capital Partners III, L.P.
Building D Suite 105
625 W. Ridge Pike
Conshohocken, PA 19428
Fax: (484) 582-1091
Telephone: (484) 539-1860
Attention: Scott Ungerer
Email: sungerer@enertechcapital.com
William J. McMahon
***
Fax: ***
Telephone: ***
Attention: William J. McMahon
Email: ***@bellsouth.net
Michael F. Mattes
***
Fax: ***





Telephone: ***
Attention: Michael F. Mattes
Email: ***@comporium.net
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
***
Fax: ***
Telephone: ***
Attention: Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
Email: ***@gmail.com
and
Eric B. Dana
***
Fax: ***
Telephone: ***
Attention: Eric B. Dana
Email: ***@aol.com
with copies to:
Eilenberg & Krause L.L.P.
11 E 44th Street, 19th Floor
New York, NY 10017
Fax: (212) 986-2399
Attention: Sheldon Krause
Email: sk@ezlaw.com

Dechert LLP
Cira Centre
2929 Arch Street
Philadelphia, PA 19104-2808
Fax: (215) 994-2222
Attention: Ian A. Hartman
Email: ian.hartman@dechert.com






and

Chadbourne & Parke LLP
30 Rockefeller Plaza
New York, NY 10112
Fax: (646) 710-1002
Attention: Jonathan M.A. Melmed
Email: jmelmed@chadbourne.com
if to the Escrow Agent, to

Citi Private Bank
666 Fifth Avenue - 7th Floor
New York, New York 10103
Fax: (212) 783-7131
Telephone: (212) 783-7110
Attention: Kerry McDonough, Director
All notices and other communications given in accordance with the provisions of this Agreement shall be deemed to have been given and received when delivered by hand or transmitted by facsimile (with acknowledgment received), three (3) business days after the same are sent by certified or registered mail, postage prepaid, return receipt requested or one (1) business day after the same are sent by a reliable overnight courier service, with acknowledgment of receipt.     
10.2      Entire Agreement
This Escrow Agreement (and, with respect to the Parties other than the Escrow Agent, the Purchase Agreement) supersede any and all oral or written agreements heretofore made relating to the subject matter hereof and constitute the entire agreement of the Parties relating to the escrow created by this Escrow Agreement.
10.3      No Third Party Beneficiaries
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, nothing herein expressed or implied is intended or shall be construed to confer upon or to give any person, firm or corporation, other than the Parties, any rights or remedies under or by reason of this Escrow Agreement.
10.4      Headings
The headings in this Escrow Agreement are inserted for convenience and are for reference only and shall not be a part of or control or affect the meaning hereof.
10.5      Counterparts
This Escrow Agreement may be executed in one or more counterparts, each of which counterparts shall be deemed to be an original and all of which counterparts, taken together, shall constitute but one and the same Escrow Agreement. Facsimile signatures on counterparts of this Escrow Agreement shall be deemed original signatures with all rights accruing thereto.
10.6      Governing Law
This Escrow Agreement shall be governed by the law of the State of New York in all respects. The Parties





hereto irrevocably and unconditionally submit to the jurisdiction of a federal or state court located in the Borough of Manhattan, City, County and State of New York, in connection with any proceedings commenced regarding this Escrow Agreement, including but not limited to, any interpleader proceeding or proceeding for the appointment of a successor escrow agent the Escrow Agent may commence pursuant to this Escrow Agreement, and all Parties irrevocably submit to the jurisdiction of such courts for the determination of all issues in such proceedings, without regard to any principles of conflicts of laws, and irrevocably waive any objection to venue of inconvenient forum.
10.7      No Waiver
No failure or delay by any Party in exercising any right, power or privilege hereunder shall operate as a waiver thereto, and no single or partial exercise thereof shall preclude any right or further exercise or the exercise of any other right, power or privilege.
10.8      Severability
Should any one or more of the provisions hereof be determined to be illegal or unenforceable, all other provisions hereof shall be given effect separately therefrom and shall not be affected thereby.
10.9      Successors and Assigns
This Escrow Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the respective Parties in interest and their heirs, executors, administrators, legal representatives, successors and assigns.

IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties have executed this Escrow Agreement as of the date first above written.

CoaLogix Holdings, Inc.

By: _____________________________
Name: Andrew D. Singer
Title: President


ACORN ENERGY, INC.

By: ______________________________
Name: John A. Moore
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer


ENERTECH CAPITAL PARTNERS III, L.P.

By: ECPIII Management, L.P., its General Partner

By: ECPIII Management LLC, its General Partner

By: ______________________________
Name: Scott Ungerer
Title: President and Chief Executive Officer


ERIC B. DANA

_________________________________

WILLIAM J. MCMAHON

_________________________________






MICHAEL F. MATTES

_________________________________

JOE B. COGDELL, JR.

_________________________________


CITIBANK, N.A.

By: ______________________________
Name:
Title:





APPENDIX A
ESCROW AGENT'S DISCLAIMERS AND INDEMNITY












APPENDIX B
ESCROW AGENT'S FEE









APPENDIX C























Schedule I

Acorn Energy, Inc.
 $ ***
***
 $ ***
***
 $ ***
Joe B. Cogdell, Jr.
 $ ***
***
 $ ***
William J. McMahon
 $ ***







Schedule II













4 W. Rockland Road, 1 st Floor, Montchanin, Delaware 19710
Phone: (302) 656-170 Fax: (302) 656-1703


VIA ELECTRONIC MAIL

December 12, 2011


Mr. Richard Rimer
Index Ventures
2, rue de Jargonnant
1207 Geneva, Switzerland

Dear Richard:

As we have discussed, Acorn Energy, Inc. (“Acorn”) and its affiliates have entered an exciting period of growth, and we are seeking your assistance to provide leadership as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors in a consulting role. This letter agreement constitutes the agreement of Acorn and you (the “Consultant”) to provide the Services described below to Acorn on the following terms:


Consulting Services
Consultant will provide as an independent contractor executive, business and other services as may be assigned to Consultant by Acorn's CEO (collectively, the “Services”). The Services will be in addition to your duties as a Director of the Corporation.

Nature of Services
Consultant will perform consulting services for Acorn solely as an independent contractor, and Consultant will provide his own computer, cell phone and other equipment and supplies he will need to provide the Services. Due to the specialized nature of the Services Consultant will need regular access to the relevant Acorn personnel, so Consultant agrees to perform the Services on site at Acorn's and its affiliates' facilities when needed.

Term
Six months from January 1, 2012 terminating on June 30, 2012 (the “Term”). Either Consultant or Acorn may terminate this letter agreement at any time.

Fees
In consideration of Consultant's performance of the Services, Acorn will pay Consultant fees of an aggregate of $125,000 payable in accordance with Acorn's normal and customary payroll practices. In the event Consultant needs time away during the Term, Consultant's fees will be prorated based upon the time away.

Expenses
Consultant shall be entitled to reimbursement of reasonable travel and entertainment expenses provided Consultant obtains prior approval from the CEO for all such expenses. Consultant shall also be entitled to reimbursement of telecommunication, telefax, courier delivery and other expenses relating to





performance of the Services. Consultant agrees to comply with Acorn's customary policies for reimbursement of expenses.

Confidentiality
Consultant will retain in confidence and not disclose any of Acorn's confidential or non-public information to any third party without Acorn's prior written consent.

Availability
During the Term, due to the nature of the Services Consultant will be available to and will commit to providing his full time and attention to the performance of the Services, and Consultant agrees that he will not seek engagements which will interfere with his ability to perform the Services.

Independent
Contractor
a.      In all matters relating to this letter agreement, Consultant shall be acting as an independent contractor. Consultant will not be an employee of Acorn under the meaning or application of any federal or state unemployment or insurance laws or worker's compensation laws, or otherwise.

b.      Consultant shall supervise the performance of the Services and shall have control of the manner and means by which such Services are performed, subject to compliance with this letter agreement. Consultant shall assume all liabilities or obligations imposed by any one or more of such laws with respect to the performance of the Services under this letter agreement.

c.      Consultant shall pay and be responsible for all applicable obligations, and file all reports, relating to the fees paid to Consultant including, but not limited to, Social Security, income tax, unemployment compensation, workers' compensation, and all other applicable taxes and other matters. Consultant shall cover or insure himself in compliance with applicable laws with respect to workers' compensation and employer's liability insurance.

d.      It is understood that any fees or other amounts paid by Acorn to Consultant hereunder shall not be considered salary for retirement, pension or other purposes, and, as an independent contractor, shall not be entitled to any of the other fringe or supplemental benefits of Acorn nor will Acorn withhold any Social Security (FICA) or similar contributions from Consultant's fees, and Acorn shall have no liability whatsoever to Consultant on account of this letter agreement except payment of the amounts provided for herein for compensation for Services actually performed.

e.      Consultant shall be responsible for the payment of all payroll or income taxes or contributions relating to the Services performed hereunder, shall be liable for any failure to do so and hereby indemnifies and agrees to hold Acorn harmless from and against any loss, cost or expenses incurred by Acorn due to Consultant's failure to withhold any such taxes or to make such contributions in respect of any fee Acorn pays to Consultant.

f.      Consultant will not at any time hold himself out as an agent or affiliate of Acorn or create any obligation, express or implied, on behalf of Acorn for any purpose, including without limitation, reporting to any governmental





authority, and shall have no authority to bind Acorn to any obligation.

Employment
At the end of the Term, Acorn will evaluate whether to extend to Consultant an offer of employment as Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors.

Renewal
At the end of the Term, Acorn at its discretion will determine whether to renew this consulting letter agreement.


Sincerely,



John A. Moore
President & CEO


Accepted and agreed: December _____, 2011


_______________________________
RICHARD RIMER






    

March 15, 2011


Mr. George Morgenstern
5 Shalvah Place
Monsey, New York 10952

Re:      Amendment of Consulting Agreement

Dear George:

This letter will serve to confirm that at the meeting of the Board of Directors of Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Corporation”) on March 7, 2011 the Board authorized that your Consulting Agreement with the Corporation dated as of March 9, 2006 and as previously amended to provide for payment of a nonaccountable expense allowance (the “Agreement”) be, and hereby is, amended to provide for an extension of the term of the Agreement until March 31, 2012 and to provide that such expense allowance will be paid $18,750 by the Corporation and $37,500 by DSIT Solutions, Ltd. (“DSIT”) for an aggregate of $56,250 per annum. In addition, the provision in the Agreement regarding a possible bonus is deleted in its entirety. By its execution of this amendment below DSIT agrees to its obligation to pay $37,500 of such expense allowance, and acknowledges that such payment will inure to its benefit.

Very truly yours,



By:                     
John A. Moore
President and CEO

AGREED AND ACKNOWLEDGED:

DSIT SOLUTIONS, LTD.

By:                     
Benny Sela
CEO

ACCEPTED AND AGREED:

                    
GEORGE MORGENSTERN






4 W. Rockland Road, P.O. Box 9, Montchanin, DE 19710 www.acornenergy.com Tel: (302) 656-1707 Fax: (302) 656-1703



SUBSIDIARIES OF THE REGISTRANT

Subsidiary
 
Jurisdiction
DSIT Solutions Ltd.
 
Israel
Glen & Valley Systems Ltd.
 
Israel
DSIT Sonar and Acoustics Ltd.
 
Israel
GridSense Pty. Ltd.
 
New South Wales, Australia
CHK GridSense Pty. Ltd.
 
New South Wales, Australia
GridSense Inc.
 
Colorado
US Sensor Systems Inc.
 
Delaware
OMX Holdings, Inc.
 
Georgia
OmniMetrix, LLC
 
Georgia





EXHIBIT 23.1


CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 33-99196, 33-94974, 333-65799, 333-36159, 333-82418, 333-82416, 333-140539, 333-158287 and 333-169438) and the Registration statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-143421, 333-161315, 333-165356 and 333-169434) of Acorn Energy, Inc. of our report dated March 15, 2012, relating to the consolidated financial statements and the effectiveness of internal control, which appear in this Form 10-K.





March 15, 2012
East Hanover, New Jersey






Exhibit 23.2

CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM

We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in the Registration Statements on Form S-8 (Nos. 33-99196, 33-94974, 333-65799, 333-36159, 333-82418, 333-82416, 333-140539, 333-158287 and 333-169438) and the Registration statements on Form S-3 (Nos. 333-143421, 333-161315, 333-165356 and 333-169434) of Acorn Energy, Inc. of our reports dated March 22, 2010, except for Note 5(b) which is as of March 16, 2011 and Notes 3(b) and 18(g) which are as of March 15, 2012, relating to the financial statements, which appear in this Form 10-K.


/s/ Kesselman & Kesselman
Certified Public Accountants
A member of PricewaterhouseCoopers International Limited

March 15, 2012,
Tel Aviv, Israel





Exhibit 31.1
 I, John A. Moore, certify that: 
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Acorn Energy, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and to the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 Dated:  March 15, 2012 
By:  
/s/ John A. Moore
 
John A. Moore
 
Chief Executive Officer
  





Exhibit 31.2
 I, Michael Barth, certify that: 
1.
I have reviewed this report on Form 10-K of Acorn Energy, Inc.;
2.
Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.
Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting(as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a.
Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b.
Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c.
Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant's disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d.
Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.
The registrant's other certifying officer and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant's auditors and to the audit committee of the registrant's board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a.
All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant's ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b.
Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant's internal control over financial reporting.
 Dated:  March 15, 2012 
By:  
/s/ Michael Barth
 
Michael Barth
 
Chief Financial Officer
  





Exhibit 32.1 
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John A. Moore, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ John A. Moore
John A. Moore
Chief Executive Officer
March 15, 2012




Exhibit 32.2
CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
18 U.S.C. SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002

In connection with the Annual Report on Form 10-K of Acorn Energy, Inc. (the “Company”) for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2011, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), I, John A. Moore, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, hereby certify, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. § 1350, as adopted pursuant to § 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that: 
1.
The Report fully complies with the requirements of section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
2.
The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and result of operations of the Company.

/s/ Michael Barth
Michael Barth

Chief Financial Officer
March 15, 2012