As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on September 25 , 2009
Registration No. 333-153135
UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Amendment No.
5
to
Form S-11
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
OF CERTAIN REAL ESTATE COMPANIES
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in its Governing Instruments)
680 5th Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10019
(212) 843-1601
(Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone Number, including
Area Code, of Registrant’s Principal Executive Offices)
R. Ramin Kamfar
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
680 5th Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10019
(877) 826-2583
(Name, Address, Including Zip Code, and Telephone
Number, Including Area Code, of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
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Rosemarie A. Thurston |
James H. Sullivan |
Alston & Bird LLP |
Alston & Bird LLP |
1201 West Peachtree Street |
90 Park Avenue |
Atlanta, Georgia 30309 |
New York, New York 10016 |
(404) 881-7000 |
(212) 210-9400 |
Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public: As soon as practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the Securities being registered on this form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 of the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box. o
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(d) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. o
Indicate by check mark whether the Registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
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Large accelerated filer o |
Accelerated filer o |
Non-accelerated filer x |
Smaller reporting company o |
(Do not check if a smaller reporting company)
The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed or supplemented. We cannot sell any of the securities described in this prospectus until the registration statement that we have filed to cover the securities has become effective under the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission. This prospectus is not an offer to sell the securities, nor is it a solicitation of an offer to buy the securities, in any state where an offer or sale of the securities is not permitted.
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS DATED September 25 , 2009
PROSPECTUS
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
Maximum Offering of $1,285,000,000 in Shares of Common Stock
Minimum Offering of $2,500,000 in Shares of Common Stock
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. was formed to acquire a diversified portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments, with a primary focus on well-located, institutional quality apartment properties with strong and stable cash flows, and to implement our advisor’s “Enhanced Multifamily’’ strategy which we believe will increase rents, tenant retention and property values, and generate attractive returns for our investors. We also intend to acquire well-located residential properties that we believe present significant opportunities for short-term capital appreciation, such as those requiring repositioning, renovation or redevelopment, and properties available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers. In addition, we will seek to originate or invest in real estate-related securities that we believe present the potential for high current income or total return, including but not limited to mortgage, bridge or subordinated loans, debt securities and preferred or other equity securities of other real estate companies, which we refer to as real estate-related investments, and may invest in entities that make similar investments. We intend to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, for federal income tax purposes.
We are offering a maximum of $1,000,000,000 in shares and a minimum of $2,500,000 in shares of our common stock in our primary offering, at an offering price of $10.00 per share. Discounts are available to investors who purchase more than 50,000 shares and to other categories of purchasers. We also are offering up to $285,000,000 in shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares we are offering between our primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan. The minimum investment in our shares for initial purchases is $2,500 except for certain states as described in this prospectus.
This investment involves a high degree of risk. You should purchase our shares only if you can afford a complete loss of your investment. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 14 for a discussion of material risks related to an investment in our shares, which include the following:
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Because there is no current public trading market for our stock, it may be difficult for you to sell your stock. If you sell your stock, it may be at a substantial discount. |
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We are a newly-formed entity. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not own any investments, have no operating history, and our advisor has not identified any investments for us to acquire. If we are unable to acquire suitable properties or investments, or suffer a delay in doing so, we may not have cash flow available for distribution to you as a stockholder. |
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We set the offering price of our shares arbitrarily. This price is unrelated to the book value or net asset value of our shares or to our expected operating income. |
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During the early stages of our operations until the proceeds of this offering are invested in real estate and real estate-related investments, we expect to fund distributions from the uninvested proceeds of this offering and borrowings. Rates of distribution to you will not necessarily be indicative of our operating results. |
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This is a “blind pool” offering, and investors will not be able to evaluate the economic or other merits of any of our investments prior to our making them. |
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We will rely on our advisor to manage our business and assets. Our advisor is a newly-formed entity with no operating history. |
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You will have limited control over changes in our policies and day-to-day operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks you face as a stockholder. In addition, our board of directors may approve changes to our policies without your approval. |
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Our officers and non-independent directors also serve as officers and owners of our advisor and its affiliates, and will experience significant conflicts created by our advisor’s compensation arrangements with us and other programs advised by them, by their affiliates and by affiliates of our advisor. Our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates were not the result of arm’s-length negotiations by an independent person. |
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Other programs owned or advised by our officers and non-independent directors or their affiliates may compete with us for the time and attention of these executives, and our officers and non-independent directors will experience conflicts of interest in allocating investment opportunities among other affiliated entities and us. |
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We may incur debt exceeding 300% of our net assets in certain circumstances, which could lead to losses on certain highly leveraged assets and to an inability to pay distributions to our stockholders. |
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We may fail to qualify as a REIT, which may have adverse tax consequences to you. |
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Our board of directors may elect not to implement our policy to provide liquidity to stockholders by listing its shares of common stock or liquidating its assets within four to six years from the termination of our offering stage. As such, you may have to hold your shares for an indefinite period of time. |
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To hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we may use derivative financial instruments that may be costly and ineffective, may reduce the overall returns on your investment and may expose us to the credit risk of counterparties. |
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Price to Public |
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Selling
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Dealer
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Net Proceeds
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Primary Offering |
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Per share price |
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10.00 |
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0.70 |
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0.26 |
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$ |
9.04 |
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Total Minimum |
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$ |
2,500,000 |
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$ |
175,000 |
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$ |
65,000 |
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$ |
2,260,000 |
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Total Maximum |
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$ |
1,000,000,000 |
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$ |
70,000,000 |
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$ |
26,000,000 |
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$ |
904,000,000 |
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Distribution Reinvestment Plan |
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Per Share |
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9.50 |
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0 |
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$ |
0 |
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$ |
9.50 |
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Total Maximum |
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$ |
285,000,000 |
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$ |
0 |
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$ |
0 |
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$ |
285,000,000 |
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* We will pay underwriting compensation in addition to selling commissions and the dealer manager fee in connection with this offering, which will reduce the net proceeds to us, before expenses. The maximum amount of underwriting compensation (including selling commissions and dealer manager fee) that we will pay in connection with this offering is 10% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Attorney General of the State of New York nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense. The use of forecasts in this offering is prohibited. Any representation to the contrary and any predictions, written or oral, as to the amount or certainty of any present or future cash benefit or tax consequence which may flow from your investment in our shares of common stock is prohibited.
The dealer manager for this offering is Select Capital Corporation, which is not affiliated with our company or our advisor. The dealer manager will use its best efforts to sell the shares. Prior to the minimum amount being sold, your investment will be placed in an interest-bearing escrow account with UMB Bank, N.A., as escrow agent, with interest accruing to the benefit of investors. No funds will be disbursed in accordance with this prospectus until we have received and accepted subscriptions for at least $2,500,000 in shares. If we do not sell $2,500,000 in shares before [ ], 2010, this offering will be terminated and our escrow agent will promptly send you a full refund of your investment with interest and without deduction for escrow expenses.
The date of this prospectus is ______, 2009
TABLE OF CONTENTS
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1 |
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15 |
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37 |
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38 |
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39 |
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42 |
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59 |
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71 |
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76 |
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78 |
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS |
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91 |
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IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND CORPORATE LAW AND OUR CHARTER AND BY LAWS |
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106 |
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109 |
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126 |
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129 |
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135 |
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135 |
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136 |
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A-1 |
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B-1 |
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C-1 |
INVESTOR SUITABILITY STANDARDS
An investment in our common stock is suitable only for persons who have adequate financial means and desire a relatively long-term investment. We have established suitability standards for initial stockholders and subsequent purchasers of shares from our stockholders. These suitability standards are intended to help ensure, given the high degree of risk inherent and the long-term nature of an investment in our shares and the relative illiquidity of our shares, that shares of our common stock are an appropriate investment for those of you who become investors. Our suitability standards require that a purchaser of shares have either:
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a net worth of at least $250,000; or |
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a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. |
The following states have established suitability standards in addition to or that are different from those set forth above. In the following states, we will only sell shares to those investors who meet the standards set forth below:
Alabama — In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, investors must have a liquid net worth of at least 10 times their investment in this program and similar programs.
California — Investors must have either (1) a net worth of at least $250,000 or (2) a gross annual income of at least $75,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. In addition, investors may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in us.
Iowa — Investors must have either (1) a net worth of $350,000 or (2) a gross annual income of $70,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. In addition, investors may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in this program or in any of our affiliates.
Kansas — In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, it is recommended by the office of the Kansas Securities Commissioner that investors may not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this and similar direct participation investments. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities.
Kentucky — In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, investors may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in this program.
Michigan — In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, investors may not invest more than 10% of their net worth in this program or in any of our affiliates.
Missouri — In addition to the suitability standards set forth above, investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this program.
Ohio — In addition to the suitability requirements set forth above, investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this program or in any of our affiliates.
Oregon — In addition to the suitability requirements set forth above, investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this program. Oregon defines “liquid net worth” as the remaining balance of cash and other assets easily converted to cash after subtracting the investor’s total liabilities from total assets.
New Jersey and Tennessee — Investors must have either (1) a net worth of at least $500,000, or (2) a gross annual income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. In addition, investors may not invest more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this program.
For purposes of determining suitability of an investor, net worth in all cases referenced above should be calculated excluding the value of an investor’s home, furnishings and automobiles.
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In the case of sales to fiduciary accounts, these suitability standards must be met by one of the following: (1) the fiduciary account, (2) the person who directly or indirectly supplied the funds for the purchase of the shares or (3) the beneficiary of the account.
In order to assure adherence to the suitability standards described above, requisite suitability standards must be met as set forth in the subscription agreement. See Exhibit B. We, our sponsor Bluerock Real Estate L.L.C. and each person selling common stock on our behalf are required to make reasonable efforts to assure that the purchase of our common stock is a suitable and appropriate investment for each stockholder in light of such person’s age, educational level, knowledge of investments, financial means and other pertinent factors. Our dealer manager and each person selling shares on our behalf must maintain records for at least six years of the information used to determine that an investment in our common stock is suitable and appropriate for each investor. Our dealer manager’s agreements with the selling broker-dealers require such broker-dealers to make inquiries diligently as required by law of all prospective investors in order to ascertain whether an investment in our company is suitable for the investor.
HOW TO SUBSCRIBE
Investors seeking to purchase shares of our common stock should proceed as follows:
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Read this entire prospectus and any appendices and supplements accompanying this prospectus. |
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Complete an execution copy of the subscription agreement. A specimen copy of the subscription agreement, including instructions for completing it, is included in this prospectus as Exhibit B. |
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Deliver a check for the full purchase price of the shares of our common stock being subscribed for along with the completed subscription agreement to the selling broker-dealer. Initially, your check should be made payable to “UMB Bank, N.A., as escrow agent for Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.” or “UMB Bank, N.A. as escrow agent for BEMTI.” After we meet the minimum offering requirements, your check should be made payable to “Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.” or “BEMTI.” |
In general, the minimum investment for initial purchases of shares of our common stock is $2,500 except Tennessee residents must invest at least $5,000. For purposes of satisfying the minimum investment requirement for retirement plans, unless otherwise prohibited by state law, a husband and wife may jointly contribute funds from their separate IRAs provided that each such contribution is made in increments of at least $500. However, an investment in shares of our company will not, in itself, create a retirement plan for you and, in order to create a retirement plan, you must comply with all applicable provisions of the federal income tax laws. After your initial purchase, any additional investments must be made in increments of at least $100, except for purchases of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan, which may be in lesser amounts.
By signing the subscription agreement, you will be representing and warranting to us that you have received a copy of this prospectus, that you meet the net worth and annual gross income requirements described above and, if applicable, that you will comply with all federal and state law requirements with respect to resale of our shares of common stock. The representations and warranties made by you will be relied upon by us to help ensure that you are fully informed about an investment in our company and that we adhere to our suitability standards regarding your investment. By making those representations and warranties to us, you will not, however, waive any rights that you may have under federal or state securities laws.
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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS ABOUT THIS OFFERING
Below we have provided some of the more frequently asked questions and answers relating to an offering of this type. Please see the remainder of this prospectus for more detailed information about this offering.
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What is a REIT? |
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REIT stands for “real estate investment trust.” In general, a REIT is a company that: |
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pools the capital of many investors to acquire or provide financing for real estate properties; |
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allows individual investors to invest in a diversified real estate portfolio managed by a professional management team; |
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is required to pay distributions to investors of at least 90% of its taxable income (excluding net capital gains) each year; and |
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avoids the federal “double taxation” treatment of income that results from investments in a corporation because a REIT is not generally subject to federal corporate income taxes on its net income, if it complies with certain income tax requirements. |
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What is the experience of your management? |
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Our advisor, Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC, is responsible for managing our affairs on a day-to-day basis and for identifying and making acquisitions and investments on our behalf. Our advisor’s senior executives collectively have over 60 years of experience in various aspects of real estate, including acquisitions, development/redevelopment, property management, financings and dispositions. See “Management — The Advisor” for complete biographies of the key personnel of our advisor. |
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What is the advisor’s “Enhanced Multifamily” strategy? |
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Our advisor’s “Enhanced Multifamily” strategy consists of a series of initiatives which we believe can create a sustainable competitive advantage and sustainable long-term increases in apartment property value. The initiatives seek to transform the perception of the apartment from a purely functional one ( i.e. , as solely a place to live) to a lifestyle product / community ( i.e. , as a place to live, interact, and socialize) thereby creating an enhanced perception of value among residents, allowing for premium rental rates and improving resident retention. |
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We intend to implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategies and initiatives at our apartment properties, which we believe can create a sustainable competitive advantage and allow us to achieve long-term value enhancement at the apartment properties we acquire. |
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What types of real property will you acquire? |
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We intend to acquire a diversified portfolio of real estate in the multifamily sector, with a primary focus on well-located, institutional quality apartment properties with strong and stable cash flows, and to implement the Enhanced Multifamily strategy with these properties. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Enhanced Multifamily Strategy.” We also intend to acquire well-located residential properties that we believe present us with significant opportunities for short-term capital appreciation, such as those requiring repositioning, renovation or redevelopment, and those available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers. |
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Will you invest in anything other than real property? |
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Yes. We plan to originate or invest in real estate-related securities and other real estate-related investments that we believe present the potential for high current income or total return, including but not limited to mortgage, bridge or subordinated loans, debt securities and preferred or other equity securities of other real estate companies, and may invest in entities that make similar investments. Although we do not have any policies limiting the portion of our assets that may be invested in real estate-related securities and other investments, we do not expect such investments to constitute more than 20% of our portfolio by asset value. |
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What is an UPREIT? |
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UPREIT stands for “Umbrella Partnership Real Estate Investment Trust.” An UPREIT is a REIT that holds all or substantially all of its properties through a partnership in which the REIT holds a general partner and/or limited partner interest, approximately equal to the value of capital raised by the REIT through sales of its capital stock. Using an UPREIT structure may give us an advantage in acquiring properties from persons who may not otherwise sell their properties because of unfavorable tax results. Generally, a sale of property directly to a REIT is a taxable transaction to the selling property owner. In an UPREIT structure, a seller of a property who desires to defer taxable gain on the sale of his property may transfer the property to the UPREIT in exchange for limited partnership units in the partnership and defer taxation of gain until the seller later exchanges his limited partnership units on a one-for-one basis for REIT shares or for cash pursuant to the terms of the limited partnership agreement. |
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If I buy shares of your common stock, will I receive distributions and how often? |
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To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we are required to make annual aggregate distributions to our stockholders of at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). We intend to make distributions to our stockholders on a monthly basis. |
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Can I reinvest my distributions in additional shares of common stock? |
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Yes, you may elect to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan by checking the appropriate box on the subscription agreement, or by filling out an enrollment form we will provide you at your request. The purchase price for shares purchased under the distribution reinvestment plan will be $9.50 per share. |
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Will the distributions I receive be taxable as ordinary income? |
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Generally, distributions that you receive, including distributions reinvested pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan, or DRIP, should be taxed as ordinary income to the extent that they are paid from current or accumulated earnings and profits. We expect that some portion of your distributions may not be subject to tax in the year in which they are received because depreciation expense reduces the amount of taxable income but does not reduce cash available for distribution. The portion of your distribution which is not subject to tax immediately is considered a return of capital for tax purposes and will reduce the tax basis of your investment. This, in effect, defers a portion of your tax until your investment is sold or our company is liquidated, at which time you will be taxed at capital gains rates. However, because each investor’s tax considerations are different, we suggest that you consult with your tax advisor. |
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How does a “best efforts” offering work? |
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When securities are offered to the public on a “best efforts” basis, the broker-dealers participating in the offering are only required to use their best efforts to sell the securities and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any securities. Therefore, no specified dollar amount is guaranteed to be raised. |
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Who can buy shares of your common stock? |
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You can buy shares of our common stock pursuant to this prospectus provided that you have either (1) a net worth of at least $250,000 or (2) an annual gross income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $70,000. For this purpose, net worth does not include your home, home furnishings or personal automobiles. Please note that these minimum levels are higher in certain states and some states may impose additional restrictions on your investment, so you should read the more detailed descriptions in the “Investor Suitability Standards” section of this prospectus. |
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Is there any minimum investment required? |
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Yes. Generally, the minimum investment is $2,500, except for purchases by our existing stockholders, including purchases made pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Please note that certain states have imposed higher minimum investment amounts, so you should read the more detailed descriptions in the “How to Subscribe” section of this prospectus. |
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How do I subscribe for shares? |
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In order to purchase shares of our common stock in this offering, you should review this prospectus in its entirety and complete a subscription agreement for a specific number of shares. You will need to pay for the shares at the time you subscribe. |
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If I buy shares of common stock in this offering, how can I sell them? |
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At the time you purchase the shares of common stock, they will not be listed for trading on any national securities exchange or national market system. In fact, there will not be any public market for the shares when you purchase them and we cannot be sure if one will ever develop. As a result, it may be difficult to find a buyer for your shares and realize a return on your investment. You may sell your shares to any buyer unless such sale would violate federal or state securities laws or cause any person or entity to directly or indirectly own more than 9.8% of our outstanding stock or more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of outstanding shares of our common stock, unless otherwise excepted by our board of directors or charter. |
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Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase plan that permits you to sell your shares back to us, subject to conditions and limitations of the program. Our board of directors can amend the provisions of our share repurchase plan without the approval of our stockholders. |
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Do you intend to list your common stock? If not, is there any other planned liquidity event? |
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We presently intend to complete a transaction providing liquidity for our stockholders within four to six years from the completion of our offering stage. If we do not begin the process of listing our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange by the end of that period, or have not otherwise completed a liquidity event by such date, our charter requires that we seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of the company, unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders. |
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Will I receive notification as to how my investment is doing? |
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You will receive periodic reports on the performance of your investment with us, including: |
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an annual report that updates and details your investment; |
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an annual report, including audited financial statements, as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or the SEC; |
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an annual IRS Form 1099-DIV; and • supplements to the prospectus, as the same may be required by the federal securities laws. |
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When will I receive my tax information? |
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We intend to mail your Form 1099-DIV tax information by January 31 of each year. |
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Who can I contact to answer my questions? |
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If you have any questions regarding the offering or if you would like additional copies of this prospectus, you should contact your registered representative or: |
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
c/o Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C.
680 5th Avenue, 16th Floor
New York, New York 10019
(877) 826-BLUE (2583)
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This summary highlights the material information from this prospectus. Because it is a summary, it may not contain all the information that is important to you. To fully understand this offering, you should carefully read this entire prospectus, including the “Risk Factors” section beginning on page 14. References in this prospectus to “us,” “we,” “our” or “our company” refer to both Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. and our operating partnership, Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., unless the context otherwise requires.
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. is a recently formed Maryland corporation that intends to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or a REIT, under the Internal Revenue Code, which we refer to as the Code commencing with the taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement.
We intend to acquire a diversified portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments, with a primary focus on well-located, institutional quality apartment properties with strong and stable cash flows. We intend to implement what we refer to as the “Enhanced Multifamily” strategy at these apartment properties, which we believe will increase rents, tenant retention and property values, and generate
attractive returns for our investors. We also intend to acquire well-located residential properties that we believe present significant opportunities for short-term capital appreciation, such as those requiring repositioning, renovation or redevelopment, and properties available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers. In addition, we will seek to originate or invest in real estate-related securities that we believe present the potential for high current
income or total return, including but not limited to mortgage, bridge or subordinated loans, debt securities and preferred or other equity securities of other real estate companies, which we refer to as real estate-related investments, and may invest in entities that make similar investments.
We have not acquired, or entered into agreements to acquire, any specific investments as of the date of this prospectus. The volume and value of properties and real estate-related investments we acquire will depend initially on the proceeds of this offering.
The principal executive offices of our company and our advisor are located at 680 Fifth Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, New York 10019. Our telephone number is (877) 826-BLUE (2583). Information regarding our sponsor is also available at www.bluerockre.com.
Plan of Distribution
We are offering for sale a maximum of $1,000,000,000 in shares of our common stock to the public at a price of $10.00 per share. This offering is being conducted on a “best efforts” basis, which means that the broker-dealers participating in this offering are under no obligation to purchase any of the shares and, therefore, no specified dollar amount is guaranteed to be raised. In addition, we are offering up to $285,000,000 in shares at $9.50 per share to stockholders who elect to participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, described below. We reserve the right to reallocate the shares we are offering between the primary offering and our distribution reinvestment plan.
If we do not sell the minimum of $2,500,000 in shares before [ ], 2010, this offering will be terminated and our escrow agent will promptly send you a full refund of your investment (with interest) and without deduction for escrow expenses.
In addition to the shares to be issued pursuant to this offering, we have issued to our advisor 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting, convertible stock. The convertible stock is non-voting, is not entitled to any distributions and is a separate class of stock from the common stock to be issued in this offering.
Our Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives are to:
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preserve and protect your capital investment; |
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provide you with attractive and stable cash distributions; and |
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increase the value of our assets in order to generate capital appreciation for you. |
Our Investment Strategy
We intend to achieve our investment objectives by acquiring a diverse portfolio of real estate, as well as real estate-related investments. We plan to diversify our portfolio by investment type, size, property location and risk with the goal of attaining a portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments that will generate attractive returns for our investors, with the potential for capital appreciation. Our targeted portfolio allocation is as follows:
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Enhanced Multifamily. We intend to allocate approximately 50% of our portfolio to investments in well-located, institutional quality apartment properties with strong and stable cash flows, typically located in supply constrained sub-markets with relatively high expectations of rent growth. As appropriate, we intend to implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy at these properties, which we anticipate will create sustainable long-term increases in property value and generate attractive returns for our investors by, among other benefits, generating higher rental revenue and reducing resident turnover. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Our Target Portfolio” and “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Enhanced Multifamily Strategy.” |
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Value-Added Residential. We intend to allocate approximately 30% of our portfolio to investments in well-located residential properties that offer a significant potential for short-term capital appreciation through repositioning, renovation or redevelopment. In addition, we will seek to acquire properties available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers in need of liquidity. As appropriate, we intend to implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy to these properties as well. |
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Real Estate-Related Investments. We intend to allocate approximately 20% of our portfolio to other real estate-related investments with the potential for high current income or total returns. These allocations may include first and second mortgages, subordinated, bridge and other loans; debt or other securities related to or secured by real estate assets; and common and preferred equity securities, which may include securities of other REITs or real estate companies. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Investments in and Originating Real Estate-Related Investments.” Subject to the provisions of our charter, some of these investments may be made in connection with other programs sponsored, managed or advised by our affiliates, including our advisor. |
We may adjust our targeted portfolio allocation based on, among other things, prevailing real estate market conditions and the availability of attractive investment opportunities. We will not forego an attractive investment because it does not fit within our targeted asset class or portfolio composition.
We believe the probability of meeting our investment objectives will be maximized through the careful selection and underwriting of assets. When considering an investment opportunity, we will generally evaluate the following:
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the performance and risk characteristics of that investment; |
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how that investment will fit within our target portfolio objectives; and |
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the expected returns of that investment on a risk-adjusted basis, relative to other investment alternatives. |
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As such, our portfolio composition may vary substantially from the target portfolio described above. |
Enhanced Multifamily Strategy
Our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy consists of a series of initiatives which we believe can create a sustainable competitive advantage and allow us to realize long-term increases in apartment property value. This strategy seeks to transform the perception of the apartment from a purely functional one ( i.e., as solely a place to live) to a lifestyle product / community ( i.e., as a place to live, interact, and socialize) thereby creating an enhanced perception of value among residents, allowing for premium rental rates, and improving resident retention.
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The initiatives consist of amenities and attributes that go beyond traditional features, and incorporate cosmetic and architectural improvements along with technology, music and activities to establish an enhanced sense of comfort and appeal to our target residents’ desire for a “sense of community” by creating places to gather, socialize and interact in a highly amenitized environment. This strategy is specifically targeted to appeal to the following two lucrative and rapidly growing segments of the multifamily market:
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Lifestyle Renters are generally established, adult households with multiple housing choices open to them, which choose to rent an apartment for primarily nonfinancial reasons. They include Baby Boomers (individuals born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1964), who have become empty nesters and are seeking to live a simpler lifestyle without the responsibilities of home ownership, as well as those older members of the Echo Boomers (the generation born in the U.S. between 1981 and 2000). |
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Middle Market Renters are generally younger and more mobile than Lifestyle Renters, and while they can generally afford to own, they have chosen either to save their money (perhaps to purchase a larger house at a later date), to spend it on other goods and services or to invest in something other than housing, or they are in a personal or job transition. For Middle Market Renters an apartment can provide an inexpensive and maintenance-free residence. |
As a further benefit, by appealing to and attracting the Lifestyle Renters and Middle Market renters, we believe the Enhanced Multifamily strategy can generate significant additional revenue-enhancing options at our properties, including the ability to provide and charge for premium units, upgrade packages and equipment rentals such as washer and dryers, flat screen televisions and premium sound systems.
Borrowing Policies
Under our charter, the maximum amount of our indebtedness may not exceed 300% of our net assets as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to approximate 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors. We expect that once we have fully invested the proceeds of this offering, our indebtedness will be approximately 50% of the sum of the value of our real properties (before deducting depreciation and other non-cash reserves) and the value of our other assets. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for the purchase of any single property or other investment. Our board of directors must review our aggregate borrowings at least quarterly. We have not established any financing sources at this time.
Summary Risk Factors
An investment in our common stock involves a number of risks. See “Risk Factors,” beginning on page 14 of this prospectus. Some of the more significant risks include those set forth below.
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We are a newly-formed entity. As of the date of this prospectus, we do not own any properties and our advisor has not identified any properties for us to acquire. |
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Our officers and non-independent directors have substantial conflicts of interest because they also are officers and owners of our advisor and its affiliates, including our sponsors. |
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During the early stages of our operations until the proceeds of this offering are invested in real estate and real estate-related investments, we expect to fund distributions from the uninvested proceeds of this offering and borrowings. Thereafter, we may pay distributions from the sale of assets to the extent distributions exceed our earnings or cash flows from operations. Rates of distribution to you will not necessarily be indicative of our operating results. |
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We will rely on our advisor, an affiliate of our officers and non-independent directors, to manage our business and select and manage investments. Our advisor is a newly-formed entity. The success of our business will depend on the success of our advisor in performing these duties. |
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You will have limited control over changes in our policies and day-to-day operations, which increases the uncertainty and risks you face as a stockholder. In addition, our board of directors may approve changes to our policies without your approval. |
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To the extent we sell substantially less than the maximum number of shares in this offering, we may not have sufficient funds, after the payment of offering and related expenses, to acquire a diverse portfolio of properties. |
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Under our charter, the maximum amount of our indebtedness may not exceed 300% of our net assets, as of the date of any borrowing; however, we may exceed that limit if approved by a majority of our independent directors and if the excess borrowing is disclosed to stockholders along with justification for the excess. |
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We may fail to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes. We would then be subject to corporate level taxation and we would not be required to pay any distributions to our stockholders. |
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There is no public market for our common stock and it may never be listed on a national securities exchange or quoted on a national market system. You may not be able to easily resell your shares or to resell your shares at a price that is equal to or greater than the price you paid for them. |
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We have issued 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting, convertible stock to our advisor, at a price of $1.00 per share. Upon certain events, the convertible stock will convert into shares of our common stock with a value equal to 15% of the excess of (i) our enterprise value plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to stockholders over (ii) the aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for our shares plus a 8% cumulative, non-compounded annual return. The interests of stockholders purchasing in this offering will be diluted upon such conversion. |
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We anticipate that we will invest in multifamily development projects. These investments involve risks beyond those presented by stabilized, income-producing properties. These risks may diminish the return to our stockholders. |
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We anticipate that we will invest in subordinated and bridge loans originated for multifamily acquisitions and for multifamily development projects. Subordinated and bridge loans involve greater risk of loss than senior secured loans because such investments may be partially or entirely lost as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. |
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Our board of directors may elect not to implement, or may delay, our listing or liquidation policy within the contemplated four to six years from the termination of our offering stage. As such, you may have to hold your shares for an indefinite period of time. |
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To hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we may use derivative financial instruments that may be costly and ineffective, may reduce the overall returns on your investment and may expose us to the credit risk of counterparties. |
If we are unable to effectively manage the impact of these and other risks, our ability to meet our investment objectives would be substantially impaired. In turn, the value of our common stock and our ability to make distributions would be materially reduced.
Our Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors, the members of which are accountable as fiduciaries to us and to our stockholders. Prior to the commencement of this offering, our board of directors will consist of five members, three of whom will be independent of us and our advisor. Our directors will be elected annually by our stockholders.
Our board of directors has adopted our investment policies and will review these investment policies at least annually to determine whether our policies continue to be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Our Sponsor — Bluerock
Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., our affiliate, which we refer to as our sponsor or Bluerock, is a national real estate investment firm headquartered in Manhattan with regional offices in Phoenix, Arizona and Southfield, Michigan. Bluerock focuses on acquiring, managing, developing and syndicating stabilized, value-added and opportunistic multifamily and commercial properties throughout the United States. Bluerock and its principals have collectively sponsored or structured real estate transactions totaling approximately 25 million square feet and with approximately $3 billion in value. Bluerock currently serves as the manager of three private real estate funds. See “Management — Our Sponsor — Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C.”
R. Ramin Kamfar is the Chief Executive Officer of Bluerock, and has approximately 20 years of experience in building operating companies, and in various aspects of real estate, mergers and acquisitions, private equity investing, investment banking, public and private financings and retail operations.
James G. Babb, III is the Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of Bluerock. Mr. Babb has been involved exclusively in real estate acquisition, management, financing and disposition for more than 20 years, primarily on behalf of investment funds since 1992. Prior to his tenure with Bluerock, Mr. Babb was a founder and
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Senior Vice President of Starwood Capital where he was involved in the formation of seven private real estate funds, which we refer to as the Starwood Funds, with investment objectives similar to ours (but not focused solely on apartment sector investments) and that have invested an aggregate of approximately $8 billion (including equity, debt and investment of income and sales proceeds) in approximately 250 separate transactions. During his tenure with Starwood Capital, Mr. Babb either personally led or shared investment responsibility for the following:
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Starwood Funds: |
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The structuring of over 75 real estate investment transactions totaling $2.5 billion of asset value in transactions comprising more than 20 million square feet of residential, office and industrial properties located in 25 states and seven foreign countries;
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Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (NYSE: HOT): |
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Substantially all of the hotel investments made by a global owner/operator of hotels with brands such as Sheraton, Westin, the St. Regis Luxury Collection, and the W, which incorporated an “Enhanced” strategy to transform the concept of a hotel from a functional product to a lifestyle product in order to increase room rates, market share, and customer loyalty; |
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i Star Financial (NYSE: SFI): |
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The creation and launch of a separate private fund focused on tailored high-yield debt and debt/equity investments backed by commercial real estate, many with control or participation features that enabled the fund to enhance yield at a lower risk profile in the capital structure, in addition to acquiring commercial bank debt obligations that were restructured or converted to an ownership position at substantial discounts to replacement cost. The investments in the fund were subsequently used to sponsor the public offering of i Star Financial, the largest publicly owned finance company at that time focused exclusively on commercial real estate; |
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Through the Starwood Funds, raising over $2.6 billion of equity from institutional investors. |
Bluerock utilizes the Enhanced Multifamily strategy at select apartment properties that it owns or manages. This strategy focuses on creating a sustainable competitive advantage in the multifamily sector by implementing property improvements and operating initiatives designed to foster a “sense of community” among residents of the properties. It focuses on a targeted demographic of residents who desire superior amenities, including cosmetic and architectural improvements, as well as the incorporation of technology, music and activites to create a sense of comfort in their community.
Our Advisor
We are externally managed and advised by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company formed in July 2008 to serve as our advisor. Our advisor is owned by BER Holdings, LLC, which is an affiliate of Bluerock.
Our advisor will conduct our operations and manage our portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments. Our advisor will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments consistent with our investment objectives and strategy, subject to the approval of our board of directors.
Our advisor performs its duties and responsibilities as our fiduciary under an advisory agreement. The term of the current advisory agreement ends one year after the date of this prospectus, subject to renewals by our board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods.
Our officers and our affiliated directors are all officers of our advisor. Our advisor’s management team will draw upon relationships and resources of Bluerock in order to provide us with extensive experience in the multifamily sector of the real estate industry, including application of Enhanced Multifamily strategies and initiatives as appropriate to particular properties. The names and biographical information of our
directors and officers are set forth under “Management – Our Executive Officers and Directors.”
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Compensation to Our Advisor and its Affiliates
Set forth below is a summary of the fees and compensation we expect to pay our advisor and its affiliates for services related to this offering and to our advisor and its affiliates for managing our business and assets.
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Estimated Amount if |
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Offering Stage |
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Selling Commissions |
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We will pay the dealer manager up to 7% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering, a portion of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers. No selling commissions are payable on shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan. |
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$175,000/$70,000,000 |
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Dealer Manager Fee |
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We will pay the dealer manager 2.6% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering. No dealer manager fee is payable on shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan. The dealer manager expects to reallow a portion of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. |
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$65,000/$26,000,000 |
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Additional Underwriting Expenses |
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Our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, underwriting expenses (in addition to selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) but only to the extent that such payments would not cause the total amount of underwriting compensation paid in connection with this offering to exceed 10% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of termination. If we sell all shares in our primary offering through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fee, then we will pay additional underwriting expenses up to a maximum of 0.4% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. These additional underwriting expenses may include (a) amounts used to reimburse our dealer manager for actual costs incurred by its FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (b) sponsorship fees for seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (c) amounts used to reimburse broker-dealers, including our dealer manager, for the actual costs incurred by their FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging in connection with attending bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates; (d) legal fees allocated to our dealer manager; and (e) certain promotional items. |
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$10,000/$4,000,000 |
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Issuer Organization and Offering Costs |
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Our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, issuer organization and offering costs incurred on our behalf, but only to the extent that such reimbursements do not exceed actual expenses incurred by our advisor or its affiliates and would not cause the cumulative selling commissions, dealer manager fee, additional underwriting expenses and issuer organization and offering expenses paid by us to exceed 15% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of the reimbursement. We estimate such expenses will be approximately 1.5% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering if the maximum offering is sold. |
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$125,000/$15,000,000 |
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Acquisition and Development Stage |
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Acquisition Fees |
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For its services in connection with the selection, due diligence and acquisition of a property or investment, our advisor will receive an acquisition fee equal to 1.75% of the purchase price. The purchase price of a property or investment shall equal the amount paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property, inclusive of expenses related thereto, and the amount of debt associated with such real property or investment. The purchase price allocable for a joint venture investments shall equal the product of (1) the purchase price of the underlying property and (2) our ownership percentage in the joint venture. With respect to investments in and originations of loans, we will pay an origination fee in lieu of an acquisition fee. |
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$29,750/$16,380,000 (assuming no debt)/ $ 119,000 /$ 65,520,000 (assuming leverage of 75 % of cost). |
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For its services in connection with the selection, due diligence and acquisition or origination of mortgage, subordinated, bridge or other loans, our advisor will receive an origination fee equal to 1.75% of the greater of the amount funded by us to originate such loans or the purchase price of any loan we purchase, including third-party expenses. We will not pay an acquisition fee with respect to such loans. |
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$7,438/$4,095,000 (assuming no debt)/ $ 29,750 /$ 16,380,000 (assuming leverage of 75 % of the cost). |
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Operating Stage |
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Asset Management Fee |
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We will pay our advisor a monthly asset management fee for managing our day-to-day assets and operations, which will be equal to one-twelfth of 1% of the higher of the cost or the value of each asset, where (A) cost equals the amount actually paid, excluding acquisition fees and expenses, to purchase each asset we acquire, including any debt attributable to the asset (including debt encumbering the asset after its acquisition), provided that, with respect to any properties we develop, construct or improve, cost will include the amount expended by us for the development, construction or improvement, and (B) the value of an asset is the fair market value established by the most recent independent valuation report, if available, without reduction for depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves; provided, however, that 50% of the advisor’s asset management fee will not be payable until stockholders have received distributions in an amount equal to at least a 6% per annum cumulative, non-compounded return on invested capital, at which time all such amounts will become due and payable. For these purposes, “invested capital” means the original issue price paid for the shares of our common stock reduced by prior distributions identified as special distributions from the sale of our assets. The asset management fee will be based only on the portion of the cost or value attributable to our investment in an asset if we do not own all of an asset. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the assets we acquire and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Property Management Fee |
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We will pay Bluerock REIT Property Management, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of our advisor, a property management fee equal to 4% of the monthly gross revenues from any properties it manages. Alternatively, we may contract property management services for certain properties directly to non-affiliated third parties, in which event we will pay our advisor an oversight fee equal to 1% of monthly gross revenues of such properties. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the gross revenues of the properties and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Financing Fee |
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We will pay our advisor a financing fee equal to 1% of the amount available under any loan or line of credit made available to us. The advisor may reallow some or all of this fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure such financing for us. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the amount of indebtedness incurred to acquire an investment and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Reimbursable Expenses |
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We will reimburse our advisor for all reasonable and actually incurred expenses in connection with the services provided to us, including related personnel, rent, utilities and information technology costs, subject to the limitation that we will not reimburse our advisor for any amount which would cause our total operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters to exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income, unless a majority of our independent directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors. We will not reimburse for personnel costs in connection with services for which our advisor receives acquisition, origination or disposition fees. |
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Actual amounts depend upon expenses paid or incurred and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Disposition/Liquidation/Listing Stage |
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Disposition Fee |
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To the extent it provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the disposition of one or more of our properties or investments (except for securities that are traded on a national securities exchange), our advisor will receive fees equal to the lesser of (A) 1.5% of the sales price of each property or other investment sold or (B) 50% of the selling commission that would have been paid to a third-party sales broker in connection with such disposition. However, in no event may the disposition fees paid to our advisor or its affiliates and to unaffiliated third parties exceed in the aggregate 6% of the contract sales price. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the sale price of investments and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Common Stock Issuable Upon Conversion of Convertible Stock |
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Our convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock if and when: (A) we have made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares or (B) subject to the conditions described below, we list our common stock for trading on a national securities exchange. For these purposes and elsewhere in this prospectus, a “listing” which will result in conversion of our convertible stock to common stock also will be deemed to have occurred on the effective date of any merger of our company in which the consideration received by the holders of our common stock is cash and/or the securities of another issuer that are listed on a national securities exchange. |
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Actual amounts depend on the value of our company at the time the convertible stock converts or becomes convertible and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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In general, each share of our convertible stock will convert into a number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 15% of the excess of (1) our “enterprise value” (as defined in our charter) plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date on the then outstanding shares of our common stock over the (2) aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares, divided by (B) our enterprise value divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case calculated as of the date of the conversion. In the event that either of the events triggering the conversion of the convertible stock occurs after our advisory agreement with our advisor is not renewed or terminates (other than because of a material breach by our advisor), the number of shares of common stock that our advisor will receive upon the conversion will be prorated to account for the period of time that the advisory agreement was in force. |
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All of this compensation is more fully described under “Management Compensation.”
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Conflicts of Interest
Our officers and directors, and the owners and officers of our advisor, are also involved in the ownership and advising of other real estate entities and programs, including those sponsored by Bluerock and its affiliates or in which Bluerock is a manager or participant. These pre-existing interests, and similar additional interests as may arise in the future, may give rise to conflicts of interest with respect to our business, our investments and our investment opportunities. In particular, but without limitation:
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Our advisor, its officers and their respective affiliates will face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase and leasing of properties and the acquisition of real estate-related investments, and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor. This could limit our investment opportunities, impair our ability to make distributions and reduce the value of your investment in us. |
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If we acquire properties from or make investments in entities owned or sponsored by affiliates of our advisor, the price may be higher than we would pay if the transaction was the result of arm’s-length negotiations with a third-party, but we would do so only if our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, approves the investment and only if there is substantial justification for such excess price and such excess is reasonable. |
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The absence of arm’s-length bargaining may mean that our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates may not be as favorable to you as a stockholder as they otherwise might have been if negotiated at arm’s-length. |
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Our advisor and its affiliates will receive substantial fees and other compensation, including those based upon our acquisitions, the assets we own, manage and develop, and dispositions of such assets. Therefore our advisor and its affiliates may make recommendations to us that we buy, hold or sell property or other investments in order to increase their own compensation. Further, our advisor will have considerable discretion with respect to the terms and timing of our acquisition, disposition and leasing transactions. |
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Our advisor and its affiliates, including our officers, some of whom are also our directors, will face conflicts of interest caused by their ownership of our advisor and their roles with other programs, which could result in actions that are not in the long-term best interests of our stockholders. |
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If the competing demands for the time of our advisor, its affiliates and our officers result in them spending insufficient time on our business, we may miss investment opportunities or have less efficient operations, which could reduce our profitability and result in lower distributions to you. |
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Our officers, some of whom are also directors, are also owners, officers and directors of our advisor and are also affiliates of our advisor, including Bluerock, face conflicts of interest related to the positions they hold with those other entities, which could hinder our ability to successfully implement our business strategy or to generate returns to our stockholders. |
These conflicts of interest, among others, could limit the time and quality of services that our officers and directors and our advisor and its officers devote to our company, because of the similar services they will be providing to other real estate entities, could impair our ability to find or compete for acquisitions and tenants with such entities.
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Organizational Chart for Our Company, Our Advisor and Affiliates
The following chart shows our ownership structure and our relationship with our advisor and its affiliates.
Our Dealer Manager
Select Capital Corporation will serve as the dealer manager of this offering. Select Capital Corporation is located at 3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500, Costa Mesa, California 92626, and its telephone number is (866) 699-5338 .
Distributions to Stockholders
In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our annual taxable income (excluding net capital gains and income from operations or sales through a taxable REIT subsidiary, or TRS). Because we have not yet identified any properties or other investments which we intend to acquire, we cannot give any assurances as to when or if we will make distributions. However, when we have actually made investments, we intend to pay regular monthly distributions to our stockholders out of our cash available for distribution, in an amount determined by our board of directors. Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. However, some or all of our distributions may be paid from sources other than cash flows from
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operations, such as from the proceeds of this offering, borrowings, advances from our advisor or from our advisor’s deferral of its fees and expense reimbursements. The amount of distributions will depend upon a variety of factors, including:
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our cash available for distribution; |
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our overall financial condition; |
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our capital requirements; |
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the annual distribution requirements applicable to REITs under the federal income tax laws; and |
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such other considerations as our board of directors may deem relevant. |
Distribution Reinvestment Plan
You may participate in our distribution reinvestment plan pursuant to which you may have the distributions payable to you reinvested in shares of our common stock at $9.50 per share. Regardless of whether you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, you will be taxed on your distributions to the extent they constitute taxable income. If you elect to participate in the distribution reinvestment plan and are subject to federal income taxation, you will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to you even though you have elected not to receive the distributions in cash but rather to have the distributions withheld and reinvested pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. Specifically, you will be treated as if you have received the distribution from us in cash and then applied such distribution to the purchase of additional shares. In addition, to the extent you purchase shares through our distribution reinvestment plan at a discount to their fair market value, you will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of the discount. In other words, based on the current offering price, participants in our distribution reinvestment plan will be treated as having received a distribution of $10.00 for each $9.50 reinvested by them under our distribution reinvestment plan. You will be taxed on the amount of such distribution as a dividend to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain dividend.
Share Repurchase Plan
Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase plan that will permit you to sell your shares back to us, subject to the significant conditions and limitations described below. Our board of directors can amend or terminate our share repurchase plan upon 30 days’ prior notice without the approval of our stockholders.
The repurchase price for repurchases sought upon a stockholder’s death or “qualifying disability,” as defined in “Share Repurchase Plan,” will be the amount paid to acquire the shares from us, subject to certain conditions.
Stockholders seeking to have shares repurchased by us pursuant to our share repurchase plan must present for repurchase a minimum of 25% of their shares. The purchase price for shares repurchased under the share repurchase plan will be as set forth below until we establish an estimated value of our shares. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments and, accordingly, the estimates should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. We expect to begin establishing such estimated value of our shares based on the value of our real estate and real estate-related investments beginning 18 months after the completion of our offering stage. We will consider our offering stage complete when we are no longer publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a national securities exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on public equity offerings, and have not done so for one year. (For purposes of this definition, we do not consider “public equity offerings” to include offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or the redemption of interests in the operating partnership.) We will retain persons independent of us and our advisor to prepare the estimated value of our shares. Prior to establishing the estimated value of our shares, the prices at which we will initially repurchase shares are as follows:
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the lower of $9.25 or 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least one year; |
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the lower of $9.50 or 95% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least two years; |
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the lower of $9.75 or 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least three years; and |
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the lower of $10.00 or 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least four years. |
The purchase price per share as described above for shares repurchased prior to establishing the estimated value of our shares will be reduced by the aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed to the investors prior to the repurchase date as a result of a sale of one or more of our assets that constitute a return of capital distributed to investors as a result of such sales, which we refer to as a “special distribution.” After we begin establishing the estimated value of our shares, we will repurchase shares at the lesser of (1) 100% of the average price per share the original purchaser or purchasers of your shares paid to us, for all of your shares (as adjusted for any stock distributions, combinations, splits, recapitalizations, special distributions and the like with respect to our common stock) or (2) 90% of the net asset value per share, as determined by the most recent estimated value of such shares.
We intend to repurchase shares quarterly under the plan. We will not repurchase in excess of 5% of the number of outstanding shares of common stock as of the same date in the prior calendar year. Generally, the cash available for repurchase will be limited to the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan during the previous fiscal year. However, to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are not sufficient to fund repurchase requests pursuant to the limitations outlined above, the board of directors may, in its sole discretion, choose to use other sources of funds to repurchase shares of our common stock. Such sources of funds could include cash on hand, cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidations of securities investments as of the end of the applicable month, to the extent that such funds are not otherwise dedicated to a particular use, such as working capital, cash distributions to stockholders or purchases of real estate assets. You will have no right to request repurchase of your shares if the shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange.
ERISA Considerations
The section of this prospectus entitled “ERISA Considerations” describes the effect the purchase of shares will have on individual retirement accounts, or IRAs, and retirement plans subject to ERISA and/or the Code. ERISA refers to the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and is a federal law that regulates the operation of certain retirement plans. Any retirement plan trustee, fiduciary or other person considering purchasing shares for a retirement plan or an IRA should read carefully that section of this prospectus. This section of the prospectus should also be reviewed by fiduciaries of other retirement plans, such as governmental plans and church plans, that are not subject to ERISA but may be subject to similar state laws.
Restriction on Share Ownership
Our charter contains a restriction on ownership of our shares that generally prevents any one person from owning more than 9.8% in value of outstanding shares of our stock and more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of outstanding shares of our common stock, unless otherwise excepted by our board of directors or charter. See “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
Listing or Liquidation Policy
We presently intend to complete a transaction providing liquidity for our stockholders within four to six years from the completion of our offering stage. A liquidity event could include (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a merger or another transaction approved by our board of directors in which our stockholders will receive cash and/or shares of a publicly traded company or (3) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange. We cannot predict the exact date by which we will complete a liquidity event, as market conditions and other factors could cause us to delay the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange or delay the commencement of our liquidation beyond six years from the termination of our offering stage. The sale of all, or substantially all, of our assets as well as liquidation would require the affirmative vote of a majority of our then outstanding shares of common stock. A public market for our
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shares may allow us to increase our size, portfolio diversity, stockholder liquidity and access to capital. There is no assurance however that we will list our shares or that a public market will develop if we list our shares.
If we do not begin the process of listing our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange by the end of that period, or have not otherwise completed a liquidity event by such date, our charter requires that we seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of the company, unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, does determine that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders, our charter requires that a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, revisit the issue of liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of listing or stockholder action regarding liquidation would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not require us to list or liquidate, and we could continue to operate as before. If we sought and obtained stockholder approval of our liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our properties and other assets.
Even if we decide to liquidate, we are under no obligation to conclude our liquidation within a set time because the timing of the sale of our assets will depend on real estate and financial markets, economic conditions of the areas in which the properties are located, and federal income tax effects on stockholders that may prevail in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to liquidate all of our assets. After commencing a liquidation, we would continue in existence until all properties and other assets are liquidated.
Investment Company Act Considerations
We intend to conduct our operations so that neither we, nor our operating partnership nor the subsidiaries of our operating partnership are required to register as investment companies under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or the Investment Company Act.
Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. Excluded from the term “investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. government securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. Accordingly, under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is not deemed to be an “investment company” if: (i) it neither is, nor holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, nor proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or (ii) it neither is engaged nor proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and does not own or propose to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis. We believe that we, our operating partnership and most of the subsidiaries of our operating partnership will satisfy both of the above tests as we intend to invest primarily in real property, through our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which we expect to have at least 60% of their assets in real property. As these subsidiaries would be investing either solely or primarily in real property, they would be outside of the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act. As we are organized as a holding company that conducts its businesses primarily through the operating partnership, which in turn is a holding company conducting its business through its subsidiaries, both we and our operating partnership intend to conduct our operations so that they comply with the 40% test. We will monitor our holdings to ensure continuing and ongoing compliance with this test.
The determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of ours or our operating partnership will be made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We intend
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to treat companies that we may establish and in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested the SEC to approve our treatment of any company as a majority-owned subsidiary and the SEC has not done so. If the SEC were to disagree with our treatment of one or more companies as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to pass the 40% test. Any such adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
Even if the value of investment securities held by our subsidiaries were to exceed 40%, we expect our subsidiaries to be able to qualify for an exemption from registration as an investment company under the Investment Company Act pursuant to Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act, which is available for entities “primarily engaged in the business of purchasing or otherwise acquiring mortgages and other liens on and interests in real estate.” This exemption generally requires that at least 55% of our subsidiaries’ portfolios must be comprised of qualifying assets and at least another 25% of each of their portfolios must be comprised of real estate-related assets under the Investment Company Act (and no more than 20% comprised of miscellaneous assets). For purposes of the exclusions provided by Sections 3(c)(5)(C), we will classify our investments based on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff and other SEC interpretive guidance. Although we intend to monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each investment acquisition, there can be no assurance that we will be able to maintain this exemption from registration for each of these subsidiaries.
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still qualify for an exclusion from registration pursuant to Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to Section 3(c)(6), we believe that we and our operating partnership may rely on Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the assets of our operating partnership consist of, and at least 55% of the income of our operating partnership is derived from, qualifying real estate investments owned by wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership.
Qualification for exemption from registration under the Investment Company Act will limit our ability to make certain investments. To the extent that the SEC staff provides more specific guidance regarding any of the matters bearing upon such exclusions, we may be required to adjust our strategy accordingly. Any additional guidance from the SEC staff could provide additional flexibility to us, or it could further inhibit our ability to pursue the strategies we have chosen.
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Before you invest in our common stock, you should be aware that your investment is subject to various risks, including those described below. You should carefully consider these risks together with all of the other information included in this prospectus before you decide to purchase any shares of our common stock.
Investment Risks
Because there is no current public trading market for our stock, it may be difficult for you to sell your stock. If you sell your stock, it may be at a substantial discount.
There is no current public market for our stock and there is no assurance that a public market will ever exist for our stock. Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our stock, and these restrictions may inhibit your ability to sell your stock. Our charter contains a restriction on ownership of our shares that generally prevents any one person from owning more than 9.8% in value of our outstanding shares of stock and more than 9.8% in value or in number of shares, whichever is more restrictive, of our outstanding shares of common stock, unless otherwise excepted by our board of directors or charter. We plan to adopt a share repurchase plan, but it will be limited in terms of the number of shares of stock which may be repurchased annually. Our board of directors may also limit, suspend or terminate our share repurchase plan at any time.
In addition, it may be difficult for you to sell your stock promptly or at all. If you are able to sell shares of stock, you may only be able to sell them at a substantial discount from the price you paid. This may be the result, in part, of the fact that the amount of funds available for investment is expected to be reduced by selling commissions, dealer manager fees, organization and offering expenses, and acquisition and origination fees and expenses. If our offering expenses are higher than we anticipate, we will have a smaller amount available for investment. You should consider our stock as an illiquid investment, and you must be prepared to hold your stock for an indefinite period of time. Please see “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” herein for a more complete discussion on certain restrictions regarding your ability to transfer your stock.
The per share offering prices have been established arbitrarily by us and may not reflect the true value of the shares; therefore, investors may be paying more for a share than the share is actually worth.
If we listed our shares on a national securities exchange, the share price might drop below our stockholder’s original investment. Neither prospective investors nor stockholders should assume that the per share prices reflect the intrinsic or realizable value of the shares or otherwise reflect our value, earnings or other objective measures of worth. See “Plan of Distribution.”
Our lack of prior operating history makes it difficult for you to evaluate this investment.
We and our advisor are newly formed entities with no prior operating history and may not be able to successfully operate our business or achieve our investment objectives. The past performance of other real estate investment programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor may not be indicative of the performance we will achieve. We have no income, cash flow, funds from operations or funds from which we can make distributions to you. We may not be able to conduct our business as described in our plan of operation.
We may pay distributions from offering proceeds, borrowings or the sale of assets to the extent our cash flow from operations or earnings are not sufficient to fund declared distributions. Rates of distribution to you will not necessarily be indicative of our operating results. If we make distributions from sources other than our cash flows from operations or earnings , we will have fewer funds available for the acquisition of properties and your overall return may be reduced.
Our organizational documents permit us to make distributions from any source, including the net proceeds from this offering. During the early stages of our operations until the proceeds of this offering are invested in real estate and real estate-related investments, we expect to fund distributions from the uninvested proceeds of this offering and borrowings. Thereafter, we may pay distributions from the sale of assets to the extent distributions exceed our earnings or cash flows from operations . If we fund distributions from sources other than cash flow from operations or funds from operations, we will have fewer funds available for the acquisition of properties and your overall return may be reduced. Further, to the extent distributions exceed our earnings and profits, a stockholder’s basis in our stock
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will be reduced and, to the extent distributions exceed a stockholder’s basis, the stockholder will be required to recognize capital gain.
This is a blind pool offering, therefore you will not have the opportunity to evaluate our investments before we make them and we may make real estate investments that would have changed your decision as to whether to invest in our common stock.
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not acquired any properties or made any other investments. Additionally, we have not yet identified or contracted any probable investments, and therefore are not able to provide you with information to evaluate our investments prior to acquisition. We will seek to invest substantially all of the offering proceeds available for investment, after the payment of fees and expenses, in the acquisition of real estate and real estate-related investments. We have established criteria for evaluating potential investments. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies.” However, you will be unable to evaluate the transaction terms, location, and financial or operational data concerning the investments before we invest in them. Except for any investments that may be described in supplements to this prospectus, you will have no opportunity to evaluate the terms of transactions or other economic or financial data concerning our investments prior to our investment. You will be relying entirely on the ability of our advisor to identify suitable investments and propose transactions for our board of directors to oversee and approve. These factors increase the risk that we may not generate the returns that you seek by investing in our shares.
We differ from prior programs sponsored by Bluerock in a number of respects, and therefore the past performance of those programs may not be indicative of our future results.
The past performance of other investment programs sponsored by Bluerock may not be indicative of our future results, and we may not be able to successfully implement and operate our business, which is different in a number of respects from the operations of those programs. As our portfolio is unlikely to mirror in any of these respects the portfolios of the prior Bluerock programs, the returns to our stockholders will vary from those generated by those prior programs. We are also the first publicly-offered investment program sponsored by Bluerock or any of its affiliates. Therefore, the prior Bluerock programs, which were conducted through privately-held entities, were not subject to either the up-front commissions, fees and expenses associated with this offering or to many of the laws and regulations to which we will be subject. Bluerock has no experience making such investments or in operating a REIT or any other publicly-offered investment program. As a result of all these factors, you should not assume that you will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in the prior programs sponsored by Bluerock or its affiliates.
Because we will continue to sell shares at a fixed price during the course of this offering and, at the same time, will be acquiring real estate and real estate-related investments with the proceeds of the offering, if you purchase shares after completion of the minimum offering, you will experience dilution to the extent that future shares are issued when and if the value of our underlying net assets exceeds the price you paid for your shares in the offering.
Under the terms of this offering, we will sell shares of our common stock at a fixed price of $10.00 per share. We may continue selling shares at $10.00 per share for a period of two years following the date of this prospectus or until the maximum offering is sold. During such time, we may acquire real estate or real estate-related investments. Any future issuances of our shares will have a dilutive effect on the earlier purchasers of our common stock to the extent that at the time of such future issuances, the value of our underlying net assets exceeds the price they paid for their shares.
If we do not raise substantial funds, we will be limited in the number and type of investments we may make, and the value of your investment in us will fluctuate with the performance of the specific properties we acquire.
This offering is being made on a “best efforts” basis whereby the participating broker-dealers are only required to use their best efforts to sell our shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of our common stock. If we are unable to raise substantially more than the minimum offering amount, we will make fewer investments resulting in less diversification in terms of the number of investments owned and the geographic regions in which our investments are located. In that case, the likelihood that any single property’s performance would materially reduce our overall profitability will increase. In addition, any inability to raise substantial funds would
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increase our fixed operating expenses as a percentage of gross revenues, and our net income and the distributions we make to stockholders would be reduced.
The cash distributions you receive may be less frequent or lower in amount than you expect.
Our directors will determine the amount and timing of distributions. Our directors will consider all relevant factors, including the amount of cash available for distribution, capital expenditure and reserve requirements and general operational requirements. We cannot assure you how long it may take to generate sufficient available cash flow to make distributions nor can we assure you that sufficient cash will be available to make distributions to you. We may borrow funds, return capital or sell assets to make distributions. With no prior operations, we cannot predict the amount of distributions you may receive. We may be unable to pay or maintain cash distributions or increase distributions over time.
Also, because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, distributions paid may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period. The amount of cash available for distributions will be affected by many factors, such as our ability to acquire properties and real estate-related investments as offering proceeds become available, the income from those investments and yields on securities of other real estate companies that we invest in, as well as our operating expense levels and many other variables. Further, if the aggregate amount of cash distributed in any given year exceeds the amount of our “REIT taxable income” generated during the year, the excess amount will either be (1) a return of capital or (2) gain from the sale or exchange of property to the extent that a stockholder’s basis in our common stock equals or is reduced to zero as the result of our current or prior year distributions. For further information regarding the tax consequences in the event we make distributions other than from funds from operations, please see “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders.” In addition, to the extent we make distributions to stockholders with sources other than funds from operations, the amount of cash that is distributed from such sources will limit the amount of investments in real estate assets that we can make, which will in turn negatively impact our ability to achieve our investment objectives and limit our ability to make future distributions.
We may not meet the minimum offering requirements for this offering. Therefore, you may not have access to your funds for one year from the date of this prospectus.
If the minimum offering requirements are not met within one year from the date of this prospectus, this offering will terminate and subscribers who have delivered their funds into escrow will not have access to those funds until such time. In addition, the interest rate on the funds delivered into escrow may be less than the rate of return you could have achieved from an alternative investment.
The properties we acquire or develop may not produce the cash flow that we expect in order to meet our REIT minimum distribution requirements. We may decide to borrow funds to meet the REIT minimum distribution requirements, which could adversely affect our overall financial performance.
We may decide to borrow funds in order to meet the REIT minimum distribution requirements even if our management believes that the then prevailing market conditions generally are not favorable for such borrowings or that such borrowings would not be advisable in the absence of such tax considerations. If we borrow money to meet the REIT minimum distribution requirement or for other working capital needs, our expenses will increase, our net income will be reduced by the amount of interest we pay on the money we borrow and we will be obligated to repay the money we borrow from future earnings or by selling assets, which may decrease future distributions to stockholders.
The inability of our advisor to retain or obtain key personnel, property managers and leasing agents could delay or hinder implementation of our investment strategies, which could impair our ability to make distributions and could reduce the value of your investment.
Our success depends to a significant degree upon the contributions of Messrs. Kamfar and Babb, executive officers of our advisor. Neither we nor our advisor have employment agreements with any of the other executive officers nor do we currently have key man life insurance on any of these key personnel. If either of Messrs. Kamfar or Babb were to cease their affiliation with our advisor, our advisor may be unable to find suitable replacements, and our operating results could suffer. We believe that our future success depends, in large part, upon our advisor’s, property managers’ and leasing agents’ ability to hire and retain highly skilled managerial, operational and marketing
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personnel. Competition for highly skilled personnel is intense, and our advisor and any property managers we retain may be unsuccessful in attracting and retaining such skilled personnel. If we lose or are unable to obtain the services of highly skilled personnel, property managers or leasing agents, our ability to implement our investment strategies could be delayed or hindered, and the value of your investment may decline.
If we internalize our management functions, the percentage of our outstanding common stock owned by our other stockholders could be reduced, and we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed.
At some point in the future, our board of directors may consider internalizing the functions performed for us by acquiring our advisor’s assets. The method by which we could internalize these functions could take many forms. There is no assurance that internalizing our management functions will be beneficial to us and our stockholders and could result in dilution of your interests as a stockholder and could reduce earnings per share and funds from operation per share. For example, we may not realize the perceived benefits or we may not be able to properly integrate a new staff of managers and employees or we may not be able to effectively replicate the services provided previously by our advisor, property manager or their affiliates. Internalization transactions involving the acquisition of advisors or property managers affiliated with entity sponsors have also, in some cases, been the subject of litigation. Even if these claims are without merit, we could be forced to spend significant amounts of money defending claims which would reduce the amount of funds available for us to invest in properties or other investments to pay distributions. All these factors could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations, financial condition and ability to pay distributions.
Risks Related to This Offering and Our Corporate Structure
A limit on the percentage of our securities a person may own may discourage a takeover or business combination, which could prevent our stockholders from realizing a premium price for their stock.
Our charter restricts direct or indirect ownership by one person or entity to no more than 9.8% in value of the outstanding shares of our stock and 9.8% in number of shares or value, whichever is more restrictive, of the outstanding shares of our common stock unless exempted by our board of directors. This restriction may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to our stockholders.
Our charter permits our board of directors to issue stock with terms that may subordinate the rights of our common stockholders or discourage a third party from acquiring us in a manner that could result in a premium price to our stockholders.
Our board of directors may increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue and classify or reclassify any unissued common stock or preferred stock and establish the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption of any such stock. If also approved by a majority of our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access at our expense to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of up to 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions that could have priority as to distributions and amounts payable upon liquidation over the rights of the holders of our common stock. Such preferred stock could also have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a change in control of us, including an extraordinary transaction (such as a merger, tender offer or sale of all or substantially all of our assets) that might provide a premium price to holders of our common stock. See “Description of Capital Stock — Preferred Stock.”
Because we are dependent upon our advisor and its affiliates to conduct our operations, any adverse changes in the financial health of our advisor or its affiliates or our relationship with them could hinder our operating performance and the return on your investment.
We are dependent on our advisor and affiliates to manage our operations and acquire and manage our portfolio of real estate assets. Our advisor will make all decisions with respect to the management of our company. Our advisor has no operating history and no experience operating a public company. It will depend upon the fees and other compensation that it will receive from us in connection with the purchase, management and sale of our properties to
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conduct its operations. Any adverse changes in the financial condition of our advisor or property manager or our relationship with our advisor or property manager could hinder its ability to successfully manage our operations and our portfolio of investments.
You will have limited control over changes in our policies and day-to-day operations, which limited control increases the uncertainty and risks you face as a stockholder. In addition, our board of directors may change our major operational policies without your approval.
Our board of directors determines our major policies, including our policies regarding financing, growth, debt capitalization, REIT qualification and distributions. Our board of directors may amend or revise these and other policies without a vote of the stockholders. Under Maryland General Corporation Law and our charter, our stockholders have a right to vote only on limited matters. See “Important Provisions of Maryland Corporate Law and Our Charter and Bylaws.”
Our advisor is responsible for the day-to-day operations of our company and the selection and management of investments and has broad discretion over the use of proceeds from this offering. Accordingly, you should not purchase shares of our common stock unless you are willing to entrust all aspects of the day-to-day management and the selection and management of investments to our advisor, who will manage our company in accordance with the advisory agreement. In addition, our advisor may retain independent contractors to provide various services for our company, and you should note that such contractors will have no fiduciary duty to you or the other stockholders and may not perform as expected or desired.
Your investment will be diluted upon conversion of the convertible stock.
Our advisor has been issued 1,000 shares of our convertible stock. Under certain circumstances, each outstanding share of our convertible stock may be converted into shares of our common stock, which will have a dilutive effect to our stockholders. Our convertible stock will be converted into shares of common stock if (1) we have made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the price paid for those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on that price or (2) we list our common stock for trading on a national securities exchange (for this purpose, “listing” would also include a merger transaction whereby holders of our common stock receive cash and/or listed securities of another issuer). Upon the occurence of any of these events, each share of convertible stock will be converted into shares of our common stock with a value equal to 15% of excess of (i) our enterprise value plus the aggregate value of the distributions paid to date on the then outstanding shares over (ii) the aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for those outstanding shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on that price. See “Description of Capital Stock — Convertible Stock.”
The conversion of the convertible stock held by our advisor due upon termination of the advisory agreement and the voting rights granted to the holder of our convertible stock, may discourage a takeover attempt or prevent us from effecting a merger that otherwise would have been in the best interests of our stockholders.
If we engage in a merger in which we are not the surviving entity or our advisory agreement is terminated without cause, our advisor and its affiliates may be entitled to conversion of the convertible stock and to require that we purchase all or a portion of the operating partnership units they hold at any time thereafter for cash or our stock. The existence of this convertible stock may deter a prospective acquirer from bidding on our company, which may limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their stock that might otherwise exist if an investor attempted to acquire us through a merger.
The affirmative vote of two-thirds of the outstanding shares of convertible stock, voting as a separate class, will be required (1) for any amendment, alteration or repeal of any provision of our charter that materially and adversely changes the rights of the holders of the convertible stock and (2) to effect a merger of our company into another entity, or a merger of another entity into our company, unless in each case each share of convertible stock (A) will remain outstanding without a material and adverse change to its terms and rights or (B) will be converted into or exchanged for shares of stock or other ownership interest of the surviving entity having rights identical to that of our convertible stock. In the event that we propose to merge with or into another entity, including another REIT, our advisor could, by exercising these voting rights, determine whether or not we are able to complete the proposed transaction. By
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voting against a proposed merger, our advisor could prevent us from effecting the merger, even if the merger otherwise would have been in the best interests of our stockholders.
If we sell substantially less than all of the shares we are offering, the costs we incur to comply with the rules of the SEC regarding internal control over financial reporting and other fixed costs will be a larger percentage of our net income and will reduce the return on your investment.
We expect to incur significant costs in establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over our financial reporting for the company and that our management will spend a significant amount of time assessing the effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting. We do not anticipate that these costs or the amount of time our management will be required to spend will be significantly less if we sell substantially less than all of the shares we are offering.
Your rights as stockholders and our rights to recover claims against our officers, directors and advisor directors are limited.
Under Maryland law, our charter and under the terms of certain indemnification agreements with our directors, we may generally indemnify our directors, our advisor and their respective affiliates for any losses or liability suffered by any of them and hold these persons or entities harmless for any loss or liability suffered by us as long as: (1) these persons or entities have determined in good faith that the loss or liability was in our best interest; (2) these persons or entities were acting on our behalf or performing services for us; (3) the loss or liability was not the result of the negligence or misconduct of the directors (or, with respect to the independent directors, gross negligence or willful misconduct), the advisor or their respective affiliates or (4) the indemnity or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders. As a result, we and our stockholders may have more limited rights against our directors, officers, employees and agents, and our advisor and its affiliates, than might otherwise exist under common law. In addition, we may be obligated to fund the defense costs incurred by our directors, officers, employees and agents or our advisor in some cases.
You may not be able to sell your stock under the proposed share repurchase plan.
Our board of directors could choose to amend our share repurchase plan’s terms without stockholder approval. Our board would also be free to amend or terminate the plan at any time after its adoption. Therefore, in making a decision to purchase shares, you should not assume that you will be able to sell any of your shares back to us pursuant to our proposed stock repurchase program. If our board terminates our proposed share repurchase plan, you may not be able to sell your shares even if you deem it necessary or desirable to do so. In addition, the proposed share repurchase plan includes numerous restrictions that would limit your ability to sell your stock. If you are able to resell your shares to us pursuant to our proposed share repurchase plan, you will likely receive substantially less than the amount paid to acquire the shares from us or the fair market value of your shares, depending upon how long you owned the shares. See “Share Repurchase Plan.”
If we do not successfully implement our listing or liquidation policy, you may have to hold your investment for an indefinite period.
Though we presently intend to complete a transaction providing liquidity to stockholders within four to six years from the completion of our offering stage, our charter does not require our board of directors to pursue such a liquidity event. We cannot predict the exact date by which we will complete a liquidity event, as market conditions and other factors could cause us to delay the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange or delay the commencement of our liquidation beyond six years from the termination of our offering stage. If our board of directors does determine to pursue our liquidation policy, we would be under no obligation to conclude the process within a set time. The timing of the sale of assets will depend on real estate and financial markets, economic conditions in the areas in which properties are located, and federal income tax effects on stockholders, that may prevail in the future. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to liquidate all assets. After we adopt a plan of liquidation, we would remain in existence until all properties and assets are liquidated. If we do not pursue a liquidity event, or delay such an event due to market conditions, your shares may continue to be illiquid and you may, for an indefinite period of time, be unable to convert your investment to cash easily and could suffer losses on your investment.
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Risks Related to Conflicts of Interest
Our advisor, our executive officers and their affiliates will face conflicts of interest relating to the purchase and leasing of properties, and such conflicts may not be resolved in our favor, which could limit our investment opportunities, impair our ability to make distributions and reduce the value of your investment.
We rely on our advisor to identify suitable investment opportunities. We may be buying properties at the same time as other entities that are affiliated with or sponsored by our advisor. Other programs sponsored by our advisor or its affiliates also rely on our advisor, our executive officers and their affiliates for investment opportunities. Bluerock has sponsored privately offered real estate programs and may in the future sponsor privately and publicly offered real estate programs that may have investment objectives similar to ours. Therefore, our advisor and its affiliates could be subject to conflicts of interest between our company and other real estate programs. Many investment opportunities would be suitable for us as well as other programs. Our advisor could direct attractive investment opportunities or tenants to other entities. Such events could result in our investing in properties that provide less attractive returns or getting less attractive tenants, thus reducing the level of distributions which we may be able to pay to you and the value of your investment. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
If we acquire properties from affiliates of our advisor, the price may be higher than we would pay if the transaction was the result of arm’s-length negotiations.
The prices we pay to affiliates of our advisor for our properties will be equal to the prices paid by them, plus the costs incurred by them relating to the acquisition and financing of the properties or if the price to us is in excess of such cost, substantial justification for such excess will exist and such excess will be reasonable and consistent with current market conditions as determined by a majority of our independent directors. Substantial justification for a higher price could result from improvements to a property by the affiliate of our advisor or increases in market value of the property during the period of time the property is owned by the affiliates of our advisor as evidenced by an appraisal of the property. In no event will we acquire property from an affiliate at an amount in excess of its current appraised value as determined by an independent expert selected by our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction. An appraisal is “current” if obtained within the prior year. These prices will not be the subject of arm’s-length negotiations, which could mean that the acquisitions may be on terms less favorable to us than those negotiated in an arm’s-length transaction. Even though we will use an independent third-party appraiser to determine fair market value when acquiring properties from our advisor and its affiliates, we may pay more for particular properties than we would have in an arm’s-length transaction, which would reduce our cash available for investment in other properties or distribution to our stockholders.
Payment of fees to our advisor and its affiliates will reduce cash available for investment and distribution.
Our advisor and its affiliates will perform services for us in connection with the selection and acquisition of our properties and other investments, and possibly the development, management and leasing of our properties. They will be paid significant fees for these services, which will reduce the amount of cash available for investment and for distribution to stockholders. The fees to be paid to our advisor and its affiliates were not determined on an arm’slength basis. We cannot assure you that a third-party unaffiliated with our advisor would not be willing to provide such services to us at a lower price. If the maximum offering amount is raised (including shares of stock issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan), we estimate that 10.82% of the gross proceeds of this offering will be paid to our advisor, its affiliates and third parties for up-front fees and expenses associated with the offer and sale of our stock and the acquisition of our assets, including estimated acquisition and origination fees of 1.75% of the cost of assets. The expenses we incur in connection with the offer and sale of our stock, excluding acquisition and origination fees and expenses, may exceed the amount we expect.
These fees increase the risk that the amount available for payment of distributions to our stockholders upon a liquidation of our portfolio would be less than the purchase price of the shares of stock in this offering. Substantial up-front fees also increase the risk that you will not be able to resell your shares of stock at a profit, even if our stock is listed on a national securities exchange. See “Management Compensation.”
Our advisor and its affiliates, including our officers, some of whom are also directors, will face conflicts of interest caused by compensation arrangements with us and other programs sponsored by affiliates of
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our advisor, including Bluerock, which could result in actions that are not in the long-term best interests of our stockholders.
Our advisor and its affiliates will receive substantial fees from us. These fees could influence our advisor’s advice to us, as well as the judgment of the affiliates of our advisor who serve as our officers, some of whom are also directors. Among other matters, the compensation arrangements could affect their judgment with respect to property acquisitions from, or the making of investments in, other programs sponsored by Bluerock, which might entitle affiliates of our advisor to disposition fees and other possible fees in connection with its services for the seller.
Considerations relating to their compensation from other programs could result in decisions that are not in the best interests of our stockholders, which could hurt our ability to make distributions to you or result in a decline in the value of your investment.
If the competing demands for the time of our advisor, its affiliates and our officers result in them spending insufficient time on our business, we may miss investment opportunities or have less efficient operations, which could reduce our profitability and result in lower distributions to you.
We do not have any employees. We rely on the employees of our advisor and its affiliates for the day-to-day operation of our business. The amount of time that our advisor and its affiliates spend on our business will vary from time to time and is expected to be more while we are raising money and acquiring properties. Our advisor and its affiliates, including our officers, have interests in other programs and engage in other business activities. As a result, they will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between us and other programs and activities in which they are involved. Because these persons have competing interests on their time and resources, they may have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between our business and these other activities. During times of intense activity in other programs and ventures, they may devote less time and fewer resources to our business than are necessary or appropriate to manage our business. We expect that as our real estate activities expand, our advisor will attempt to hire additional employees who would devote substantially all of their time to our business. There is no assurance that our advisor will devote adequate time to our business. If our advisor suffers or is distracted by adverse financial or operational problems in connection with its operations unrelated to us, it may allocate less time and resources to our operations. If any of these things occur, the returns on our investments, our ability to make distributions to stockholders and the value of your investment may suffer. See “Conflicts of Interest.”
General Risks Related to Investments in Real Estate
Our operating results may be affected by economic conditions that have an adverse impact on the real estate market in general, and may cause us to be unable to realize appreciation in the value of our properties.
Our operating results will be subject to risks generally associated with the ownership of real estate, including, but not limited to changes in general economic conditions, changes in interest rates and the availability of mortgage funds that may make the sale a of property difficult.
Although we intend to hold our real estate and related investments until such a time as our advisor determines that a sale or other disposition appears to be advantageous to our overall investment objectives, we cannot predict the various market conditions affecting real estate investments that will exist at any particular time in the future. Because of this uncertainty, we cannot assure you that we will realize any appreciation in the value of our real estate properties.
Competition from other apartment properties for tenants could reduce our profitability and the return on your investment.
The apartment property industry is highly competitive. This competition could reduce occupancy levels and revenues at our apartment properties, which would adversely affect our operations. We expect to face competition from many sources. We will face competition from other apartment communities both in the immediate vicinity and in the larger geographic market where our apartment communities will be located. Overbuilding of apartment properties may occur. If so, this will increase the number of apartment units available and may decrease occupancy and apartment rental rates. In addition, increases in operating costs due to inflation may not be offset by increased apartment rental rates.
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Increased competition and increased affordability of single-family homes could limit our ability to retain residents, lease apartment units or increase or maintain rents.
Any apartment properties we may acquire will most likely compete with numerous housing alternatives in attracting residents, including single-family homes, as well as owner occupied single and multifamily homes available to rent. Competitive housing in a particular area and the increasing affordability of owner occupied single and multifamily homes available to rent or buy caused by declining mortgage interest rates and government programs to promote home ownership could adversely affect our ability to retain our residents, lease apartment units and increase or maintain rental rates.
Increased construction of similar properties that compete with our properties in any particular location could adversely affect the operating results of our properties and our cash available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may acquire properties in locations which experience increases in construction of properties that compete with our properties. This increased competition and construction could:
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make it more difficult for us to find tenants to lease units in our apartment properties; |
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force us to lower our rental prices in order to lease units in our apartment properties; and/or |
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substantially reduce our revenues and cash available for distribution to our stockholders. |
We compete with numerous other parties or entities for real estate assets and tenants and may not compete successfully.
We compete with numerous other persons or entities engaged in real estate investment activities, many of which have greater resources than we do. Some of these investors may enjoy significant competitive advantages that result from, among other things, a lower cost of capital and enhanced operating efficiencies. Our competitors may be willing to offer space at rates below our rates, causing us to lose existing or potential tenants.
Many of our investments will be dependent on tenants for revenue, and lease terminations could reduce our revenues from rents, resulting in the decline in the value of your investment.
The underlying value of our properties and the ability to make distributions to you depend upon the ability of the tenants of our properties to generate enough income to pay their rents in a timely manner, and the success of our investments depends upon the occupancy levels, rental income and operating expenses of our properties and our company. Tenants’ inability to timely pay their rents may be impacted by employment and other constraints on their personal finances, including debts, purchases and other factors. These and other changes beyond our control may adversely affect our tenants’ ability to make lease payments. In the event of a tenant default or bankruptcy, we may experience delays in enforcing our rights as landlord and may incur costs in protecting our investment and re-leasing our property. We may be unable to re-lease the property for the rent previously received. We may be unable to sell a property with low occupancy without incurring a loss. These events and others could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions we make to stockholders and may also cause the value of your investment to decline.
Our operating results and distributable cash flow will depend on our ability to generate revenue from leasing our properties to tenants on terms favorable to us.
Our operating results will depend, in large part, on revenues derived from leasing space in our properties. We are subject to the credit risk of our tenants, and to the extent our tenants default on their leases or fail to make rental payments we may suffer a decrease in our revenue. In addition, if a tenant does not pay its rent, we may not be able to enforce our rights as landlord without delays and we may incur substantial legal costs. We are also subject to the risk that we will not be able to lease space in our value-added or opportunistic properties or that, upon the expiration of leases for space located in our properties, leases may not be renewed, the space may not be re-leased or the terms of renewal or re-leasing (including the cost of required renovations or concessions to customers) may be less favorable to us than current lease terms. If vacancies continue for a long period of time, we may suffer reduced revenues resulting in decreased distributions to our stockholders. In addition, the resale value of the property could be diminished because the market value of a particular property will depend principally upon the value of the leases of such property. Further, costs associated with real estate investment, such as real estate taxes and maintenance costs,
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generally are not reduced when circumstances cause a reduction in income from the investment. These events would cause a significant decrease in revenues and could cause us to reduce the amount of distributions to our stockholders.
Short-term multifamily and apartment leases expose us to the effects of declining market rent, which could adversely impact our ability to make cash distributions to our stockholders.
We expect that substantially all of our apartment leases will be for a term of one year or less. Because these leases generally permit the residents to leave at the end of the lease term without penalty, our rental revenues may be impacted by declines in market rents more quickly than if our leases were for longer terms.
Costs incurred in complying with governmental laws and regulations may reduce our net income and the cash available for distributions.
Our company and the properties we expect to own are subject to various federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to environmental protection and human health and safety. Federal laws such as the National Environmental Policy Act, the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, the Solid Waste Disposal Act as amended by the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act, the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, the Federal Clean Air Act, the Toxic Substances Control Act, the Emergency Planning and Community Right to Know Act and the Hazard Communication Act and their resolutions and corresponding state and local counterparts govern such matters as wastewater discharges, air emissions, the operation and removal of underground and above-ground storage tanks, the use, storage, treatment, transportation and disposal of solid and hazardous materials and the remediation of contamination associated with disposals. The properties we acquire will be subject to the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 which generally requires that certain types of buildings and services be made accessible and available to people with disabilities. These laws may require us to make modifications to our properties. Some of these laws and regulations impose joint and several liability on tenants, owners or operators for the costs to investigate or remediate contaminated properties, regardless of fault or whether the acts causing the contamination were illegal. Compliance with these laws and any new or more stringent laws or regulations may require us to incur material expenditures. Future laws, ordinances or regulations may impose material environmental liability. In addition, there are various federal, state and local fire, health, life-safety and similar regulations with which we may be required to comply, and which may subject us to liability in the form of fines or damages for noncompliance.
Our properties may be affected by our tenants’ activities or actions, the existing condition of land when we buy it, operations in the vicinity of our properties, such as the presence of underground storage tanks, or activities of unrelated third parties. The presence of hazardous substances, or the failure to properly remediate these substances, may make it difficult or impossible to sell or rent such property. Any material expenditures, fines, or damages we must pay will reduce our ability to make distributions and may reduce the value of your investment.
Any uninsured losses or high insurance premiums will reduce our net income and the amount of our cash distributions to stockholders.
Our advisor will attempt to obtain adequate insurance to cover significant areas of risk to us as a company and to our properties. However, there are types of losses at the property level, generally catastrophic in nature, such as losses due to wars, acts of terrorism, earthquakes, floods, hurricanes, pollution or environmental matters, which are uninsurable or not economically insurable, or may be insured subject to limitations, such as large deductibles or co-payments. We may not have adequate coverage for such losses. If any of our properties incurs a casualty loss that is not fully insured, the value of our assets will be reduced by any such uninsured loss. In addition, other than any working capital reserve or other reserves we may establish, we have no source of funding to repair or reconstruct any uninsured damaged property. Also, to the extent we must pay unexpectedly large amounts for insurance, we could suffer reduced earnings that would result in lower distributions to stockholders.
We may have difficulty selling real estate investments, and our ability to distribute all or a portion of the net proceeds from such sale to our stockholders may be limited.
Real estate investments are relatively illiquid. We will have a limited ability to vary our portfolio in response to changes in economic or other conditions. We will also have a limited ability to sell assets in order to fund working capital and similar capital needs. When we sell any of our properties, we may not realize a gain on such sale. We may not elect to distribute any proceeds from the sale of properties to our stockholders; for example, we may use such proceeds to:
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purchase additional properties; |
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repay debt, if any; |
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buy out interests of any co-venturers or other partners in any joint venture in which we are a party; |
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create working capital reserves; and/or |
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make repairs, maintenance, tenant improvements or other capital improvements or expenditures to our remaining properties. |
Our ability to sell our properties may also be limited by our need to avoid a 100% penalty tax that is imposed on gain recognized by a REIT from the sale of property characterized as dealer property. In order to ensure that we avoid such characterization, we may be required to hold our properties for a minimum period of time, generally two years, and comply with certain other requirements in the Code.
As part of otherwise attractive portfolios of properties, we may acquire some properties with existing lock-out provisions, which may inhibit us from selling a property, or may require us to maintain specified debt levels for a period of years on some properties.
Loan provisions could materially restrict us from selling or otherwise disposing of or refinancing properties. These provisions would affect our ability to turn our investments into cash and thus affect cash available for distributions to you. Loan provisions may prohibit us from reducing the outstanding indebtedness with respect to properties, refinancing such indebtedness on a non-recourse basis at maturity, or increasing the amount of indebtedness with respect to such properties.
Loan provisions could impair our ability to take actions that would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders and, therefore, may have an adverse impact on the value of our stock, relative to the value that would result if the loan provisions did not exist. In particular, loan provisions could preclude us from participating in major transactions that could result in a disposition of our assets or a change in control even though that disposition or change in control might be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Actions of our joint venture partners could subject us to liabilities in excess of those contemplated or prevent us from taking actions which are in the best interests of our stockholders which could result in lower investment returns to our stockholders.
We are likely to enter into joint ventures with affiliates and other third parties to acquire or improve properties. We may also purchase properties in partnerships, co-tenancies or other co-ownership arrangements. Such investments may involve risks not otherwise present when acquiring real estate directly, including, for example:
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that such co-venturer, co-owner or partner may at any time have economic or business interests or goals which are or which become inconsistent with our business interests or goals, including inconsistent goals relating to the sale of properties held in the joint venture or the timing of termination or liquidation of the joint venture; |
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the possibility that our co-venturer, co-owner or partner in an investment might become insolvent or bankrupt; |
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the possibility that we may incur liabilities as a result of an action taken by our co-venturer, co-owner or partner; |
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that such co-venturer, co-owner or partner may be in a position to take action contrary to our instructions or requests or contrary to our policies or objectives, including our policy with respect to qualifying and maintaining our qualification as a REIT; |
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disputes between us and our joint venturers may result in litigation or arbitration that would increase our expenses and prevent our officers and directors from focusing their time and effort on our business and result in subjecting the properties owned by the applicable joint venture to additional risk; or |
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that under certain joint venture arrangements, neither venture partner may have the power to control the venture, and an impasse could be reached which might have a negative influence on the joint venture. |
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These events might subject us to liabilities in excess of those contemplated and thus reduce your investment returns. If we have a right of first refusal or buy/sell right to buy out a co-venturer, co-owner or partner, we may be unable to finance such a buy-out if it becomes exercisable or we may be required to purchase such interest at a time when it would not otherwise be in our best interest to do so. If our interest is subject to a buy/sell right, we may not have sufficient cash, available borrowing capacity or other capital resources to allow us to elect to purchase an interest of a co-venturer subject to the buy/sell right, in which case we may be forced to sell our interest as the result of the exercise of such right when we would otherwise prefer to keep our interest. Finally, we may not be able to sell our interest in a joint venture if we desire to exit the venture.
General Risks Related to Real Estate-Related Investments
If we make or invest in mortgage loans as part of our plan to acquire the underlying property, our mortgage loans may be affected by unfavorable real estate market conditions, including interest rate fluctuations, which could decrease the value of those loans and the return on your investment.
If we make or invest in mortgage loans, we will be at risk of defaults by the borrowers on those mortgage loans as well as interest rate risks. To the extent we incur delays in liquidating such defaulted mortgage loans, we may not be able to obtain sufficient proceeds to repay all amounts due to us under the mortgage loan. Further, we will not know whether the values of the properties securing the mortgage loans will remain at the levels existing on the dates of origination of those mortgage loans. If the values of the underlying properties fall, our risk will increase because of the lower value of the security associated with such loans.
High mortgage rates may make it difficult for us to finance or refinance properties, which could reduce the number of properties we can acquire, our cash flow from operations and the amount of cash distributions we can make.
If, as expected, we qualify as a REIT, we will be required to distribute at least 90% of our annual taxable income (excluding net capital gains) to our stockholders in each taxable year, and thus our ability to retain internally generated cash is limited. Accordingly, our ability to acquire properties or to make capital improvements to or remodel properties will depend on our ability to obtain debt or equity financing from third parties or the sellers of properties. If mortgage debt is unavailable at reasonable rates, we may not be able to finance the purchase of properties. If we place mortgage debt on properties, we run the risk of being unable to refinance the properties when the debt becomes due or of being unable to refinance on favorable terms. If interest rates are higher when we refinance the properties, our income could be reduced. We may be unable to refinance properties. If any of these events occurs, our cash flow would be reduced. This, in turn, would reduce cash available for distribution to you and may hinder our ability to raise capital by issuing more stock or borrowing more money.
Subordinated loan investments involve a greater risk of loss of investment and reductions of return than senior loans secured by income-producing properties.
Subordinated loans may be secured by second mortgages on the underlying real property or by a pledge of the ownership interests of either the entity owning the real property or the entity that owns the interest in the entity owning the real property. These types of investments involve a higher degree of risk than long-term senior mortgage lending secured by income-producing real property because the investment may become unsecured as a result of foreclosure by the senior lender. In the event of a bankruptcy of the entity providing the pledge of its ownership interests as security, we may not have full recourse to the assets of such entity, or the assets of the entity may not be sufficient to satisfy our subordinated loan. If a borrower defaults on our subordinated loan or debt senior to our loan, or in the event of a borrower bankruptcy, our subordinated loan will be satisfied only after the senior debt. As a result, we may not recover some or all of our investment. In addition, subordinated loans may have higher loan-to-value ratios than conventional mortgage loans, resulting in less equity in the real property and increasing the risk of loss of principal.
Investments in real estate-related securities will be subject to specific risks relating to the particular issuer of the securities and may be subject to the general risks of investing in subordinated real estate securities, which may result in losses to us.
We may invest in real estate-related securities of both publicly traded and private real estate companies. Issuers of real estate-related equity securities generally invest in real estate or real estate-related assets and are subject to the
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inherent risks associated with real estate-related investments discussed in this prospectus, including risks relating to rising interest rates.
Real estate-related securities are often unsecured and also may be subordinated to other obligations of the issuer. As a result, investments in real estate-related securities are subject to risks of: (1) limited liquidity in the secondary trading market in the case of unlisted or thinly traded securities; (2) subordination to the prior claims of banks and other senior lenders to the issuer; (3) the operation of mandatory sinking fund or call/redemption provisions during periods of declining interest rates that could cause the issuer to reinvest redemption proceeds in lower yielding assets; (4) the possibility that earnings of the issuer may be insufficient to meet its debt service and distribution obligations and (5) the declining creditworthiness and potential for insolvency of the issuer during periods of rising interest rates and economic slowdown or downturn. These risks may adversely affect the value of outstanding real estate-related securities and the ability of the issuers thereof to repay principal and interest or make distribution payments.
Investments in real estate-related securities may be illiquid, and we may not be able to adjust our portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions.
If we invest in certain real estate-related securities that we may purchase in connection with privately negotiated transactions, they will not be registered under the relevant securities laws, resulting in a prohibition against their transfer, sale, pledge or other disposition except in a transaction that is exempt from the registration requirements of, or is otherwise in accordance with, those laws. As a result, our ability to vary our long-term stabilized portfolio in response to changes in economic and other conditions may be relatively limited. The subordinated and bridge loans we may purchase will be particularly illiquid investments due to their short life. Moreover, in the event of a borrower’s default on an illiquid real estate security, the unsuitability for securitization and potential lack of recovery of our investment could pose serious risks of loss to our investment portfolio.
Delays in restructuring or liquidating non-performing real estate-related securities could reduce the return on your investment.
If we invest in real estate-related securities, they may become non-performing after acquisition for a wide variety of reasons. Such non-performing real estate investments may require a substantial amount of workout negotiations and/or restructuring, which may entail, among other things, a substantial reduction in the interest rate and a substantial write-down of such loan or asset. However, even if a restructuring is successfully accomplished, upon maturity of such real estate security, replacement “takeout” financing may not be available. We may find it necessary or desirable to foreclose on some of the collateral securing one or more of our investments. Intercreditor provisions may substantially interfere with our ability to do so. Even if foreclosure is an option, the foreclosure process can be lengthy and expensive. Borrowers often resist foreclosure actions by asserting numerous claims, counterclaims and defenses, including, without limitation, lender liability claims and defenses, in an effort to prolong the foreclosure action. In some states, foreclosure actions can take up to several years or more to litigate. At any time during the foreclosure proceedings, the borrower may file for bankruptcy, which would have the effect of staying the foreclosure action and further delaying the foreclosure process. Foreclosure litigation tends to create a negative public image of the collateral property and may result in disrupting ongoing leasing and management of the property. Foreclosure actions by senior lenders may substantially affect the amount that we may receive from an investment.
Your investment return may be reduced if we are required to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act; if we subject to registration under the Investment Company Act, we will not be able to continue our business.
Neither we, nor our operating partnership, nor any of our subsidiaries intend to register as an investment company under the Investment Company Act. Currently, neither we, nor our operating partnership, nor any of our subsidiaries have any assets, and our operating partnership’s and subsidiaries’ intended investments in real estate will represent the substantial majority of our total asset mix, which would not subject us to the Investment Company Act. In order to maintain an exemption from regulation under the Investment Company Act, we intend to engage, through our operating partnership and subsidiaries, primarily in the business of buying real estate, and these investments must be made within a year after this offering ends. If we are unable to invest a significant portion of the proceeds of this offering in properties within one year of the termination of this offering, we may avoid being required to register as an investment company by temporarily investing any unused proceeds in government securities with low returns, which would reduce the cash available for distribution to investors and possibly lower your returns.
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We expect that most of our assets will be held through wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We expect that most of these subsidiaries will be outside the definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act as they are generally expected to hold at least 60% of their assets in real property. Section 3(a)(1)(A) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is or holds itself out as being engaged primarily in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities. Section 3(a)(1)(C) of the Investment Company Act defines an investment company as any issuer that is engaged or proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and owns or proposes to acquire investment securities having a value exceeding 40% of the value of the issuer’s total assets (exclusive of U.S. government securities and cash items) on an unconsolidated basis, which we refer to as the 40% test. Excluded from the term “investment securities,” among other things, are U.S. government securities and securities issued by majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company set forth in Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. We also expect that we and our operating partnership, as holding companies that conduct their businesses through our subsidiaries, will not meet the definition of an investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act.
In the event that the value of investment securities held by the subsidiaries of our operating partnership were to exceed 40%, we expect our subsidiaries to be able to rely on the exclusion from the definition of “investment company” provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. Section 3(c)(5)(C), as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, requires each of our subsidiaries relying on this exception to invest at least 55% of its portfolio in “mortgage and other liens on and interests in real estate,” which we refer to as “qualifying real estate investments” and maintain an additional 25% of its assets in qualifying real estate investments or other real estate-related assets, or the 25% basket. The remaining 20% of the portfolio can consist of miscellaneous assets. What we buy and sell is therefore limited to these criteria. How we determine to classify our assets for purposes of the Investment Company Act will be based in large measure upon no-action letters issued by the SEC staff in the past and other SEC interpretive guidance. These no-action positions were issued in accordance with factual situations that may be substantially different from the factual situations we may face, and a number of these no-action positions were issued more than ten years ago. Pursuant to this guidance, and depending on the characteristics of the specific investments, certain mortgage loans, participations in mortgage loans, mortgage-backed securities, mezzanine loans, joint venture investments and the equity securities of other entities may not constitute qualifying real estate investments and therefore investments in these types of assets may be limited. No assurance can be given that the SEC will concur with our classification of our assets. Future revisions to the Investment Company Act or further guidance from the SEC may cause us to lose our exclusion from registration or force us to re-evaluate our portfolio and our investment strategy. Such changes may prevent us from operating our business successfully.
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still qualify for an exclusion from registration pursuant to Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to Section 3(c)(6), we believe that we and our operating partnership may rely on Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the assets of our operating partnership consist of, and at least 55% of the income of our operating partnership is derived from, qualifying real estate investment investments owned by wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership.
To ensure that neither we, nor our operating partnership nor subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company, each entity may be unable to sell assets they would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets they would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we, our operating company or our subsidiaries may be required to acquire additional income or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise acquire or forego opportunities to acquire interests in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire. Although we, our operating partnership and our subsidiaries intend to monitor our portfolio periodically and prior to each acquisition, any of these entities may not be able to maintain an exclusion from registration as an investment company. If we, our operating partnership or our subsidiaries are required to register as an investment company but fail to do so, the unregistered entity would be prohibited from engaging in our business, and criminal and civil actions could be brought against such entity. In addition, the contracts of such entity would be unenforceable unless a court required enforcement, and a court could appoint a receiver to take control of the entity and liquidate its business.
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For more information on issues related to compliance with the Investment Company Act, see “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies—Investment Company Act Considerations.”
Risks Associated with Debt Financing
We may use debt financing to acquire properties and otherwise incur other indebtedness, which will increase our expenses and could subject us to the risk of losing properties in foreclosure if our cash flow is insufficient to make loan payments.
We are permitted to acquire real properties and other real estate-related investments including entity acquisitions by assuming either existing financing secured by the asset or by borrowing new funds. In addition, we may incur or increase our mortgage debt by obtaining loans secured by some or all of our assets to obtain funds to acquire additional investments or to pay distributions to our stockholders. We also may borrow funds if necessary to satisfy the requirement that we distribute at least 90% of our annual “REIT taxable income,” or otherwise as is necessary or advisable to assure that we maintain our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes.
Although our charter imposes limits on our total indebtedness, there is no limit on the amount we may invest in any single property or other asset or on the amount we can borrow to purchase any individual property or other investment. If we mortgage a property and have insufficient cash flow to service the debt, we risk an event of default which may result in our lenders foreclosing on the properties securing the mortgage. Further, we may exceed the limits set forth in our charter if approved by a majority of our independent directors and the excess borrowing is disclosed to stockholders in our next quarterly report following the borrowing, along with justification for the excess. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Borrowing Policies.”
High levels of debt or increases in interest rates could increase the amount of our loan payments, which could reduce the cash available for distribution to stockholders.
Our policies do not limit us from incurring debt. High debt levels would cause us to incur higher interest charges, would result in higher debt service payments, and could be accompanied by restrictive covenants. Interest we pay could reduce cash available for distribution to stockholders. Additionally, if we incur variable rate debt, increases in interest rates would increase our interest costs, which would reduce our cash flow and our ability to make distributions to you. In addition, if we need to repay existing debt during periods of rising interest rates, we could be required to liquidate one or more of our investments in properties at times which may not permit realization of the maximum return on such investments and could result in a loss.
Lenders may require us to enter into restrictive covenants relating to our operations, which could limit our ability to make distributions to you.
When providing financing, a lender may impose restrictions on us that affect our distribution and operating policies and our ability to incur additional debt. Loan documents we enter into may contain covenants that limit our ability to further mortgage the property, discontinue insurance coverage, or replace our advisor. These or other limitations may limit our flexibility and prevent us from achieving our operating plans.
Our ability to obtain financing on reasonable terms would be impacted by negative capital market conditions.
Recently, domestic and international financial markets have experienced unusual volatility and uncertainty. Although this condition occurred initially within the “subprime” single-family mortgage lending sector of the credit market, liquidity has tightened in overall financial markets, including the investment grade debt and equity capital markets. Consequently, there is greater uncertainty regarding our ability to access the credit market in order to attract financing on reasonable terms. Investment returns on our assets and our ability to make acquisitions could be adversely affected by our inability to secure financing on reasonable terms, if at all.
Interest-only indebtedness may increase our risk of default and ultimately may reduce our funds available for distribution to our stockholders.
We may finance our property acquisitions using interest-only mortgage indebtedness. During the interest-only period, the amount of each scheduled payment will be less than that of a traditional amortizing mortgage loan. The principal balance of the mortgage loan will not be reduced (except in the case of prepayments) because there are no
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scheduled monthly payments of principal during this period. After the interest-only period, we will be required either to make scheduled payments of amortized principal and interest or to make a lump-sum or “balloon” payment at maturity. These required principal or balloon payments will increase the amount of our scheduled payments and may increase our risk of default under the related mortgage loan. If the mortgage loan has an adjustable interest rate, the amount of our scheduled payments also may increase at a time of rising interest rates. Increased payments and substantial principal or balloon maturity payments will reduce the funds available for distribution to our stockholders because cash otherwise available for distribution will be required to pay principal and interest associated with these mortgage loans.
To hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we may use derivative financial instruments that may be costly and ineffective, may reduce the overall returns on your investment, and may expose us to the credit risk of counterparties.
We may use derivative financial instruments to hedge exposures to interest rate fluctuations on loans secured by our assets and investments in collateralized mortgage-backed securities. Derivative instruments may include interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts, futures or forward contracts, options or repurchase agreements. Our actual hedging decisions will be determined in light of the facts and circumstances existing at the time of the hedge and may differ from time to time.
To the extent that we use derivative financial instruments to hedge against interest rate fluctuations, we will be exposed to financing, basis risk and legal enforceability risks. In this context, credit risk is the failure of the counterparty to perform under the terms of the derivative contract. If the fair value of a derivative contract is positive, the counterparty owes us, which creates credit risk for us. We intend to manage credit risk by dealing only with major financial institutions that have high credit ratings. Basis risk occurs when the index upon which the contract is based is more or less variable than the index upon which the hedged asset or liability is based, thereby making the hedge less effective. We intend to manage basis risk by matching, to a reasonable extent, the contract index to the index upon which the hedged asset or liability is based. Finally, legal enforceability risks encompass general contractual risks, including the risk that the counterparty will breach the terms of, or fail to perform its obligations under, the derivative contract. We intend to manage legal enforceability risks by ensuring, to the best of our ability, that we contract with reputable counterparties and that each counterparty complies with the terms and conditions of the derivative contract. If we are unable to manage these risks effectively, our results of operations, financial condition and ability to make distributions to you will be adversely affected.
Complying with REIT requirements may limit our ability to hedge risk effectively.
The REIT provisions of the Code may limit our ability to hedge the risks inherent to our operations. From time to time, we may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging transactions may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Any income or gain derived by us from transactions that hedge certain risks, such as the risk of changes in interest rates, will not be treated as gross income for purposes of either the 75% or the 95% Income Test, as defined below in “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Income Tests,” unless specific requirements are met. Such requirements include that the hedging transaction be properly identified within prescribed time periods and that the transaction either (1) hedges risks associated with indebtedness issued by us that is incurred to acquire or carry real estate assets or (2) manages the risks of currency fluctuations with respect to income or gain that qualifies under the 75% or 95% Income Test (or assets that generate such income). To the extent that we do not properly identify such transactions as hedges, hedge with other types of financial instruments, or hedge other types of indebtedness, the income from those transactions is not likely to be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% Income Tests. As a result of these rules, we may have to limit the use of hedging techniques that might otherwise be advantageous, which could result in greater risks associated with interest rate or other changes than we would otherwise incur.
You may not receive any profits resulting from the sale of one of our properties, or receive such profits in a timely manner, because we may provide financing for the purchaser of such property.
If we liquidate our company, you may experience a delay before receiving your share of the proceeds of such liquidation. In a forced or voluntary liquidation, we may sell our properties either subject to or upon the assumption of any then outstanding mortgage debt or, alternatively, may provide financing to purchasers. We may take a purchase
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money obligation secured by a mortgage as partial payment. We do not have any limitations or restrictions on our taking such purchase money obligations. To the extent we receive promissory notes or other property instead of cash from sales, such proceeds, other than any interest payable on those proceeds, will not be included in net sale proceeds until and to the extent the promissory notes or other property are actually paid, sold, refinanced or otherwise disposed of. In certain cases, we may receive initial down payments in the year of sale in an amount less than the selling price and subsequent payments may be spread over a number of years. In such cases, you may experience a delay in the distribution of the proceeds of a sale until such time.
Federal Income Tax Risks
If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will be subjected to tax on our income and the amount of distributions we make to our stockholders will be less.
We intend to operate in a manner designed to permit us to qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes commencing with the taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement. A REIT generally is not taxed at the corporate level on income and gains it currently distributes to its stockholders. Although we do not intend to request a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service as to our REIT status, we have received the opinion of Alston & Bird LLP that, commencing with the taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and our proposed method of operations will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. This opinion has been issued in connection with this offering. Investors should be aware, however, that opinions of counsel are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or on any court. The opinion of Alston & Bird LLP represents only the view of our counsel based on our counsel’s review and analysis of existing law and on certain representations as to factual matters and covenants made by us, including representations relating to the values of our assets and the sources of our income. Alston & Bird LLP has no obligation to advise us or the holders of our common stock of any subsequent change in the matters stated, represented or assumed in its opinion or of any subsequent change in applicable law. Qualification as a REIT involves the application of highly technical and complex rules for which there are only limited judicial or administrative interpretations. The determination of various factual matters and circumstances not entirely within our control may affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. In addition, new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions could significantly change the tax laws with respect to qualification as a REIT or the federal income tax consequences of such qualification.
If we elect to be taxed as a REIT and then were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year:
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we would not be allowed to deduct our distributions to our stockholders when computing our taxable income; |
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we would be subject to federal income tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates; |
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we would be disqualified from being taxed as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost, unless entitled to relief under certain statutory provisions; |
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we would have less cash to make distributions to our stockholders; and |
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we might be required to borrow additional funds or sell some of our assets in order to pay corporate tax obligations we may incur as a result of our disqualification. |
Although we intend to operate in a manner intended to qualify as a REIT, it is possible that future economic, market, legal, tax or other considerations may cause our board of directors to determine to delay or revoke our REIT election.
We encourage you to read the “Federal Income Tax Considerations” section of this prospectus for further discussion of the tax issues related to this offering.
To qualify as a REIT we must meet annual distribution requirements, which may result in us distributing amounts that may otherwise be used for our operations.
To obtain the favorable tax treatment accorded to REITs, we normally will be required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our real estate investment trust taxable income, determined without regard to the
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deduction for distributions paid and by excluding net capital gains. We will be subject to federal income tax on our undistributed taxable income and net capital gain and to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on any amount by which distributions we pay with respect to any calendar year are less than the sum of (1) 85% of our ordinary income, (2) 95% of our capital gain net income and (3) 100% of our undistributed income from prior years. These requirements could cause us to distribute amounts that otherwise would be spent on investments in real estate assets and it is possible that we might be required to borrow funds, possibly at unfavorable rates, or sell assets to fund these distributions. Although we intend to make distributions sufficient to meet the annual distribution requirements and to avoid corporate income taxation on the earnings that we distribute, it is possible that we might not always be able to do so. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Distribution Requirements.”
The failure of a subordinated loan to qualify as a real estate asset could adversely affect our ability to qualify as a REIT.
We may acquire subordinated loans, for which the IRS has provided a safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65. Pursuant to such safe harbor, if a subordinated loan is secured by interests in a pass-through entity, it will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests and interest derived from the subordinated loan will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT 75% Income Test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We intend to make investments in loans secured by interests in pass-through entities in a manner that complies with the various requirements applicable to our qualification as a REIT. We may, however, acquire subordinated loans that do not meet all of the requirements of this safe harbor. In the event we own a subordinated loan that does not meet the safe harbor, the IRS could challenge such loan’s treatment as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests and, if such a challenge were sustained, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
You may have current tax liability on distributions if you elect to reinvest in shares of our common stock.
If you participate in our distribution reinvestment plan, you will be deemed to have received a cash distribution equal to the fair market value of the stock received pursuant to the plan. For federal income tax purposes, you will be taxed on this amount in the same manner as if you have received cash; namely, to the extent that we have current or accumulated earnings and profits, you will have ordinary taxable income. To the extent that we make a distribution in excess of such earnings and profits, the distribution will be treated first as a tax-free return of capital, which will reduce the tax basis in your stock, and the amount of the distribution in excess of such basis will be taxable as a gain realized from the sale of your common stock. As a result, unless you are a tax-exempt entity, you may have to use funds from other sources to pay your tax liability on the value of the common stock received. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Distribution Requirements.”
Certain of our business activities are potentially subject to the prohibited transaction tax, which could reduce the return on your investment.
Our ability to dispose of property during the first few years following acquisition is restricted to a substantial extent as a result of our REIT status. Under applicable provisions of the Code regarding prohibited transactions by REITs, we will be subject to a 100% tax on any gain realized on the sale or other disposition of any property (other than foreclosure property) we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but excluding our taxable REIT subsidiaries, that is deemed to be inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of trade or business. Whether property is inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business depends on the particular facts and circumstances surrounding each property. We intend to avoid the 100% prohibited transaction tax by (1) conducting activities that may otherwise be considered prohibited transactions through a taxable REIT subsidiary, (2) conducting our operations in such a manner so that no sale or other disposition of an asset we own, directly or through any subsidiary other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, will be treated as a prohibited transaction or (3) structuring certain dispositions of our properties to comply with certain safe harbors available under the Code for properties held at least two years. However, despite our present intention, no assurance can be given that any particular property we own, directly or through any subsidiary entity, including our operating partnership, but excluding our taxable REIT subsidiaries, will not be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.
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In certain circumstances, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes as a REIT, which would reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
Even if we qualify and maintain our status as a REIT, we may be subject to federal and state income taxes. For example, net income from a “prohibited transaction” will be subject to a 100% tax. We may not be able to make sufficient distributions to avoid excise taxes applicable to REITs. We may also decide to retain income we earn from the sale or other disposition of our real estate assets and pay income tax directly on such income. In that event, our stockholders would be treated as if they earned that income and paid the tax on it directly. However, stockholders that are tax-exempt, such as charities or qualified pension plans, would have no benefit from their deemed payment of such tax liability. We may also be subject to state and local taxes on our income or property, either directly or at the level of the companies through which we indirectly own our assets. Any federal or state taxes we pay will reduce our cash available for distribution to you.
The use of taxable REIT subsidiaries would increase our overall tax liability.
Some of our assets may need to be owned or sold, or operations conducted, by taxable REIT subsidiaries. Any of our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be subject to federal and state income tax on their taxable income. The after-tax net income of our taxable REIT subsidiaries would be available for distribution to us. Further, we will incur a 100% excise tax on transactions with our taxable REIT subsidiaries that are not conducted on an arm’s length basis. For example, to the extent that the rent paid by one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries exceeds an arm’s length rental amount, such amount potentially is subject to the excise tax. We intend that all transactions between us and our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be conducted on an arm’s length basis and, therefore, that any amounts paid by our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us will not be subject to the excise tax.
To maintain our REIT status, we may be forced to forego otherwise attractive opportunities, which may delay or hinder our ability to meet our investment objectives and reduce your overall return.
To qualify as a REIT, we must satisfy certain tests on an ongoing basis concerning, among other things, the sources of our income, nature of our assets and the amounts we distribute to our stockholders. We may be required to make distributions to stockholders at times when it would be more advantageous to reinvest cash in our business or when we do not have funds readily available for distribution. Compliance with the REIT requirements may hinder our ability to operate solely on the basis of maximizing profits and the value of your investment.
The “taxable mortgage pool” rules may increase the taxes that we or our stockholders incur and may limit the manner in which we conduct securitizations.
We may make investments in entities that own or are deemed to be taxable mortgage pools. Similarly, certain of our securitizations could be considered to result in the creation of taxable mortgage pools for federal income tax purposes. As a REIT, provided that we own 100% of the equity interests in a taxable mortgage pool, we generally would not be adversely affected by the characterization of the securitization as a taxable mortgage pool. Certain categories of stockholders, however, such as foreign stockholders eligible for treaty or other benefits, stockholders with net operating losses, and certain tax-exempt stockholders that are subject to unrelated business income tax, could be subject to increased taxes on a portion of their dividend income from us that is attributable to the taxable mortgage pool. In addition, to the extent that our stock is owned by tax-exempt “disqualified organizations,” such as certain government-related entities that are not subject to tax on unrelated business income, we will incur a corporate-level tax on a portion of our income from the taxable mortgage pool. In that case, we are authorized to reduce and intend to reduce the amount of our distributions to any disqualified organization whose stock ownership gave rise to the tax. Moreover, we would be precluded from selling equity interests in these securitizations to outside investors, or selling any debt securities issued in connection with these securitizations that might be considered to be equity interests for federal income tax purposes. These limitations may prevent us from using certain techniques to maximize our returns from securitization transactions.
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If we elect to treat property that we acquire in connection with a foreclosure of a mortgage loan or certain leasehold terminations as “foreclosure property,” we may thereby avoid the 100% tax on gain from a resale of that property (if the sale would otherwise constitute a prohibited transaction), but the income from the sale or operation of the property may be subject to corporate income tax at the highest applicable rate (currently 35%). |
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If we derive “excess inclusion income” from an interest in certain mortgage loan securitization structures ( i.e., a “taxable mortgage pool” or a residual interest in a real estate mortgage investment conduit, or “REMIC”), we could be subject to corporate level federal income tax at a 35% rate to the extent that such income is allocable to specified types of tax-exempt stockholders known as “disqualified organizations” that are not subject to unrelated business income tax. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income” below. |
Distributions payable by REITs do not qualify for the reduced tax rates under recently enacted tax legislation.
Recently enacted tax legislation generally reduces the maximum tax rate for dividend distributions payable by corporations to individuals meeting certain requirements to 15% through 2010. Distributions payable by REITs, however, generally continue to be taxed at the normal rate applicable to the individual recipient, rather than the 15% preferential rate. Although this legislation does not adversely affect the taxation of REITs or distributions paid by REITs, the more favorable rates applicable to regular corporate distributions could cause investors who are individuals to perceive investments in REITs to be relatively less attractive than investments in the stocks of non-REIT corporations that make distributions, which could reduce the value of the stock of REITs, including our stock.
Distributions to tax-exempt investors may be classified as unrelated business taxable income and tax-exempt investors would be required to pay tax on the unrelated business taxable income and to file income tax returns.
Neither ordinary nor capital gain distributions with respect to our common stock nor gain from the sale of stock should generally constitute unrelated business taxable income to a tax-exempt investor. However, there are certain exceptions to this rule. In particular:
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under certain circumstances, part of the income and gain recognized by certain qualified employee pension trusts with respect to our stock may be treated as unrelated business taxable income if our stock is predominately held by qualified employee pension trusts, such that we are a “pension-held” REIT (which we do not expect to be the case); |
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part of the income and gain recognized by a tax exempt investor with respect to our stock would constitute unrelated business taxable income if such investor incurs debt in order to acquire the common stock; and |
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part or all of the income or gain recognized with respect to our stock held by social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts and qualified group legal services plans which are exempt from federal income taxation under Sections 501(c)(7), (9), (17) or (20) of the Code may be treated as unrelated business taxable income. |
We encourage you to consult your own tax advisor to determine the tax consequences applicable to you if you are a tax-exempt investor. See “Federal Income Tax Considerations — Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders.”
Legislative or regulatory action could adversely affect the taxation of investors.
In recent years, numerous legislative, judicial and administrative changes have been made to the federal income tax laws applicable to investments in REITs and similar entities. Additional changes to tax laws are likely to continue to occur in the future and we cannot assure you that any such changes will not adversely affect the taxation of a stockholder. Any such changes could have an adverse effect on an investment in shares of our common stock. We urge you to consult with your own tax advisor with respect to the status of legislative, regulatory or administrative developments and proposals and their potential effect on an investment in shares of our common stock.
Retirement Plan Risks
If you fail to meet the fiduciary and other standards under ERISA or the Code as a result of an investment in our stock, you could be subject to liability and penalties.
Special considerations apply to the purchase of stock by employee benefit plans subject to the fiduciary rules of title I of ERISA, including pension or profit sharing plans and entities that hold assets of such plans, which we refer to as ERISA Plans, and plans and accounts that are not subject to ERISA, but are subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code, including IRAs, Keogh Plans, and medical savings accounts. (Collectively, we refer
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to ERISA Plans and plans subject to Section 4975 of the Code as “Benefit Plans” or “Benefit Plan Investors”). If you are investing the assets of any Benefit Plan, you should satisfy yourself that:
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your investment is consistent with your fiduciary obligations under ERISA and the Code; |
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your investment is made in accordance with the documents and instruments governing the Benefit Plan, including the Plan’s investment policy; |
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your investment satisfies the prudence and diversification requirements of Sections 404(a)(1)(B) and 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA, if applicable, and other applicable provisions of ERISA and the Code; |
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your investment will not impair the liquidity of the Benefit Plan; |
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your investment will not produce “unrelated business taxable income” for the Benefit Plan; |
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you will be able to value the assets of the plan annually in accordance with ERISA requirements and applicable provisions of the Benefit Plan; and |
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your investment will not constitute a prohibited transaction under Section 406 of ERISA or Section 4975 of the Code. |
Fiduciaries may be held personally liable under ERISA for losses as a result of failure to satisfy the fiduciary standards of conduct and other applicable requirements of ERISA. In addition, if an investment in our stock constitutes a prohibited transaction under ERISA or the Code, the fiduciary of the plan who authorized or directed the investment may be subject to imposition of excise taxes with respect to the amount invested and an IRA investing in the stock may lose its tax exempt status.
Plans that are not subject to ERISA or the prohibited transactions of the Code, such as government plans or church plans, may be subject to similar requirements under state law. Such plans should satisfy themselves that the investment satisfies applicable law.
An investment in our stock may not be suitable for every Benefit Plan, and may result in the plan fiduciary breaching its duty to the plan.
When considering an investment in our stock, persons with investment discretion over assets of any ERISA Plan should consider whether the investment satisfies the fiduciary requirements of ERISA. In particular, attention should be paid to the diversification requirements of Section 404(a)(1)(C) of ERISA in light of all the facts and circumstances, including the portion of the plan’s portfolio of which the investment will be a part. All ERISA Plan investors should also consider whether the investment is prudent under ERISA’s fiduciary standards. All Benefit Plans should determine whether the purchase of our stock meets plan liquidity requirements as there may be only a limited market in which to sell or otherwise dispose of our stock, and whether the investment is permissible under the plan’s governing instrument. We have not, and will not, evaluate whether an investment in our stock is suitable for any particular plan. Rather, we will accept entities as stockholders if an entity otherwise meets the suitability standards set forth in the “Suitability Standards” section in this prospectus.
35
ERISA fiduciaries are required to determine annually the fair market value of each asset in the ERISA plan based on liquidation value. In addition, a trustee or custodian of an IRA must provide an IRA holder with a statement of the value of the IRA assets each year. The annual statement of value that we will be sending to stockholders subject to ERISA and the Code and to certain other plan stockholders is only an estimate and may not comply with any reporting and disclosure or annual valuation requirements under ERISA, the Code or other applicable law.
To assist fiduciaries subject to the annual reporting requirements of ERISA to prepare reports relating to an investment in our shares, we intend to provide reports of our annual estimates of the current value of a share of our common stock to those fiduciaries who identify themselves to us and request the reports. Until 18 months after the completion of our offering stage, we intend to use the price paid per share as the estimated value of a share of our common stock, subject to certain reductions based on special distributions to stockholders due to sales of properties or other assets. When determining the estimated value of our shares, which we expect to provide to stockholders beginning 18 months after the completion of our offering stage, our advisor, or another firm we choose for that purpose, will estimate the value of our shares based on a number of assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments and, accordingly, the estimates should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. For these reasons, the estimated valuations should not be utilized for any purpose other than to assist plan fiduciaries in fulfilling their annual valuation and reporting responsibilities. See “Share Repurchase Plan.” We cannot assure you that:
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a value included in the annual statement could actually be realized by us or by our stockholders upon liquidation; |
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stockholders could realize that value if they were to attempt to sell their stock; or |
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an annual statement of value would comply with any reporting and disclosure or annual valuation requirements under ERISA or other applicable law. |
For a more complete discussion of the foregoing issues and other risks associated with an investment in our stock by retirement plans, please see the “ERISA Considerations” section of this prospectus.
36
CAUTIONARY NOTE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements included in this prospectus that are not historical facts (including any statements concerning investment objectives, other plans and objectives of management for future operations or economic performance, or assumptions or forecasts related thereto) are forward-looking statements. These statements are only predictions. We caution that forward-looking statements are not guarantees. Actual events or our investments and results of operations could differ materially from those expressed or implied in any forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are typically identified by the use of terms such as “may,” “should,” “expect,” “could,” “intend,” “plan,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” “believe,” “continue,” “predict,” “potential” or the negative of such terms and other comparable terminology.
The forward-looking statements included herein are based upon our current expectations, plans, estimates, assumptions and beliefs that involve numerous risks and uncertainties. Assumptions relating to the foregoing involve judgments with respect to, among other things, future economic, competitive and market conditions and future business decisions, all of which are difficult or impossible to predict accurately and many of which are beyond our control. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in such forward-looking statements are based on reasonable assumptions, our actual results and performance could differ materially from those set forth in the forward-looking statements. Factors which could have a material adverse effect on our operations and future prospects include, but are not limited to:
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our ability to effectively deploy the proceeds raised in this offering; |
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changes in economic conditions generally and the real estate and debt markets specifically; |
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legislative or regulatory changes (including changes to the laws governing the taxation of REITs); |
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the availability of capital; |
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interest rates; and |
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changes to generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP. |
Any of the assumptions underlying forward-looking statements could be inaccurate. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements included in this prospectus. All forward-looking statements are made as of the date of this prospectus and the risk that actual results will differ materially from the expectations expressed in this prospectus will increase with the passage of time. Except as otherwise required by the federal securities laws, we undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements after the date of this prospectus, whether as a result of new information, future events, changed circumstances or any other reason. In light of the significant uncertainties inherent in the forward-looking statements included in this prospectus, including, without limitation, the risks described under “Risk Factors,” the inclusion of such forward-looking statements should not be regarded as a representation by us or any other person that the objectives and plans set forth in this prospectus will be achieved.
37
The table below sets forth our estimated use of proceeds from this offering assuming we sell (1) only $2,500,000 in shares, the minimum offering amount, in the primary offering, (2) $1,000,000,000 in shares, the maximum offering amount, in the primary offering and no shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan and (3) $1,000,000,000 in shares, the maximum offering amount, in the primary offering and $285,000,000 in shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. Shares of our common stock will be sold at $10.00 per share. We reserve the right to reallocate shares of our common stock between the primary offering and the distribution reinvestment plan.
Many of the amounts set forth below represent management’s best estimate since they cannot be precisely calculated at this time. Depending primarily upon the number of shares we sell in this offering, we estimate that between approximately 89.18% (assuming all shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan are sold) and approximately 86.69% (assuming no shares available under our distribution reinvestment plan are sold) of our gross offering proceeds will be available for investments. On a per share basis, the funds available for investment would be $8.92 and $8.67 for shares sold at $10.00 per share. We will use the remainder of the offering proceeds to pay offering expenses, including selling commissions and the dealer manager fee, and, upon investment in properties and other assets, to pay a fee to our advisor for its services in connection with the selection and acquisition or origination of our real estate investments. We expect to use substantially all of the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan to repurchase shares under our share redemption program.
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Minimum Offering |
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Maximum Offering
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Maximum Offering
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Amount |
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Percent |
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Amount |
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Percent |
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Amount |
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Percent |
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Gross Offering Proceeds |
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$ |
2,500,000 |
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100.00 |
% |
$ |
1,000,000,000 |
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100.00 |
% |
$ |
1,285,000,000 |
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100.00 |
% |
Selling Commissions(1) |
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175,000 |
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7.00 |
% |
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70,000,000 |
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7.00 |
% |
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70,000,000 |
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5.45 |
% |
Dealer Manager Fee(1) |
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65,000 |
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2.60 |
% |
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26,000,000 |
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2.60 |
% |
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26,000,000 |
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2.02 |
% |
Additional Underwriting Expenses(2)(3) |
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10,000 |
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0.40 |
% |
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4,000,000 |
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0.40 |
% |
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4,000,000 |
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0.31 |
% |
Issuer Organization and Offering Costs(3)(4) |
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125,000 |
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5.00 |
% |
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15,000,000 |
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1.50 |
% |
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15,000,000 |
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1.17 |
% |
Acquisition and Origination Fees(5) |
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37,188 |
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1.49 |
% |
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15,487,500 |
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1.55 |
% |
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20,475,000 |
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1.59 |
% |
Acquisition and Origination Expenses(5) |
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6,375 |
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0.26 |
% |
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2,655,000 |
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0.27 |
% |
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3,510,000 |
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0.27 |
% |
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Amount Available for Investment |
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$ |
2,081,438 |
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83.26 |
% |
$ |
866,857,500 |
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86.69 |
% |
$ |
1,146,015,000 |
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89.18 |
% |
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(1) |
No selling commissions or dealer manager fees are payable on shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan. |
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(2) |
Includes: (a) amounts used to reimburse our dealer manager for actual costs incurred by its FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (b) sponsorship fees for seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (c) amounts used to reimburse broker-dealers, including our dealer manager, for the actual costs incurred by their FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging in connection with attending bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates; (d) legal fees allocated to our dealer manager; and (e) certain promotional items. The maximum amount of underwriting compensation that we may pay in connection with this offering is 10.0% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. See “Plan of Distribution.” If we sell all shares in our primary offering through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fee, then we will pay additional underwriting expenses up to a maximum of 0.4% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. |
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(3) |
Our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, underwriting expenses (other than selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) and issuer organization and offering costs incurred on our behalf, but only to the extent that such reimbursements do not exceed actual expenses incurred by our advisor or its affiliates and would not cause the cumulative selling commissions, dealer manager fee, additional underwriting expenses and issuer organization and offering expenses paid by us to exceed 15.0% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of the reimbursement. |
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(4) |
Includes all issuer organization and offering expenses to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing, technology, filing fees, charges of our escrow agent and transfer agent, charges of our advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of shares in the offering and amounts to reimburse costs in connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and reimbursements for actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging by employees of our advisor and its affiliates to attend retail seminars hosted by broker-dealers or bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates. We expect that our issuer organization and offering expenses will represent a lower percentage of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as the amount of proceeds we raise in the primary offering increases. In the table above, we have assumed that all issuer organization and offering expenses will constitute 5.0% of gross proceeds from our primary offering if we raise the minimum offering amount, decreasing to approximately 1.5% of gross proceeds from our primary offering if we raise the maximum offering amount. |
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(5) |
For purposes of this table, we have assumed that no debt financing is used to acquire properties or other investments. However, we intend to leverage our investments with debt. |
38
General
The multifamily market is large and growing. According to the National Multi Housing Council, there were 17.4 million apartment residences in the United States in 2008 with a value of $2 trillion, compared to 15 million apartment units in 1990 with an estimated value of $585 billion. From 1990 to 2008, a period that included two recessions, the total value of all apartments increased at a compound annual growth rate of 7.1%.
According to the Joint Center for Housing Studies of Harvard University, which we refer to as JCHS-Harvard, apartments serve the lifestyle needs of a diverse group of community residents. With a relatively low cost-per-resident ratio due to apartments’ high density nature, apartments are better able to provide the amenities that attract upper-income households. Many households are drawn to the lack of maintenance and ability to relocate inexpensively that multifamily housing provides. Using well-planned designs and monitoring systems, apartments are also able to provide security and crime prevention for their residents. Finally, an apartment property’s proximity to employment centers, public transportation and other neighborhood services offers renters a location advantage not available in single-family developments.
The multifamily market is subject to the basic forces of supply and demand.
39
Demand Overview
Demographic forces are indicating strong growth for multifamily demand in the foreseeable future due to a variety of factors, including the following:
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• |
Increasing Number of Echo Boomers. According to JCHS-Harvard in June 2009, Echo Boomers, or children of the Baby Boomers, represent the largest population block to reach adulthood in the nation’s history numbering approximately 75 million Americans. This segment of the population is currently between 14 and 28 years old and is expected to add 4 million people to the workforce every year for the next 15 years. According to Property & Portfolio Research’s “The U.S. Apartment Market – A Perspective on the Next Five Years” report dated January 2009, over 75% of young adults in the “less than 25” age group and over 60% of the “25-29” age group are comprised of renter-occupied households. |
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• |
Propensity of Echo Boomers to Rent Longer. JCHS-Harvard observed in a National Multi Housing Council Report entitled, “Multifamily Rental Housing in the 21st Century,” that young adults are renting longer and postponing buying homes until later in life to pursue higher education, to postpone marriage and to have greater mobility in today’s economy. According to the National Association of Realtors “2008 Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers,” the overall median age of the first time buyers is 30. Since these young adult households are predominantly renting and postponing buying homes, it is expected that rental demand will surge in the coming decade as more Echo Boomers enter the workforce and seek places to live. Growing economic insecurity regarding employment prospects and a desire to avoid long-term financial commitments also provide demand for the relatively short-term financial obligations of renting. |
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• |
Increase in Baby Boomer Decision to Rent vs. Purchase. In the same National Multi Housing Council Report, JCHS-Harvard projects that additional demand for apartments will be generated by the Baby Boomers. As the Echo Boomer children leave home, their empty-nester parents are also expected to become renters, as they seek to simplify their lifestyles, reduce home maintenance obligations and shed home ownership chores. |
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• |
Immigration. Immigration is expected to add more than 12 million individuals to the economy over the next ten years according to a November 2007 report by Marcus and Millichap’s National Multi-Housing Group, entitled, “Multifamily Investment: the Continued Case for Optimism,” which we refer to as the Marcus and Millichap report. According to this report, approximately 85% of immigrants are expected to rent, compared with 32% of the U.S. residents overall. In addition, immigrants on average rent apartments for about eight to ten years, much longer than non-immigrants. |
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• |
Home Ownership Crisis. The resilient fundamentals of the national apartment market are being further bolstered by the rapidly growing number of individuals losing their home in foreclosure or being forced to sell because they can no longer afford their mortgages. According to a report by RealtyTrac, Inc., a third-party company that maintains one of the largest foreclosure activity databases for the U.S., foreclosure filings were reported for over 1.5 million U.S. properties in the first six months of 2009. It is expected that many of these individuals will enter the renter market as “renters-by-necessity” and will stay renters for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the number of renters exiting apartments to purchase single-family homes has decreased dramatically as loans for first-time home buyers become increasingly scarce and qualifying standards become increasingly more challenging. Diminishing home equity values have also quelled the desire of renters to purchase single-family homes. |
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• |
Increase in Market Share of Apartment Rentals vs. Single-family Rentals. According to JCHS-Harvard, single-family rentals and rental properties with less than five units are benefiting less from the renewed growth in young adult and single-adult households. As a result, large apartment properties are likely picking up the market share from these properties. |
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• |
Change in Demographics of Typical Households. A demographic shakeup in the traditional American household will also likely boost apartment demand. Since the 1970s, the number of married couples with children has decreased and now accounts for less than one-quarter of all U.S. households. Using data from the Census Bureau, JCHS-Harvard has observed in the above-referenced National Multi Housing Council Report that the number of these traditional families will continue to decline and will be replaced by a growing number of single-adult, single-parent and childless couple households. In the 1990s, single-adult and single-parent households accounted for two-thirds of all new households. These smaller households have traditionally been attracted to apartment living, and this will likely continue in the future. |
40
The Marcus and Millichap report projects that demand for new U.S. apartments should total 4.3 million over the decade ending 2015, or an average of 430,000 units per year.
Supply Overview
Projections of additions to supply in the short-term are generally based on permitting and construction activity, while longer term projections are based on economics, construction cost, land availability and demand.
REIS, a leading commercial real estate research firm, projects a decline in new additions to supply over the next three years from 109,409 units in 2008 to 81,192 units in 2012. Recent challenges in the debt and equity markets and the current financial environment may cause further declines in additions to supply in the near to mid-term.
Multifamily Market Types
According to an August 2006 RREEF Real Estate Research report, U.S. apartment markets are generally categorized either as:
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• |
Growth Markets. “Growth Markets” include many of the historically fastest growing metropolitan areas, such as Phoenix, Atlanta and Las Vegas, in terms of population and employment. These markets often have weak barriers to entry with considerably lower housing costs. |
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• |
Lifestyle Markets. “Lifestyle Markets,” such as New York, San Francisco, Seattle and San Jose, are those markets where the high cost of homeownership, lengthy commutes, the local employment mix and other factors generate large numbers of “renters-by-choice.” These markets typically enjoy high barriers to entry and considerably higher housing costs. |
We intend to generally focus on Lifestyle Markets because we believe the breadth of rental demand, the relative affluence of renter households, the size and diversity of the economic base and high barriers to entry create a less volatile environment. In these markets, we intend to emphasize investments in submarkets with strong accessibility to major employment centers, direct linkages to the local transportation network and mass transit system, proximity to major shopping nodes, and other such amenities that appeal to affluent and mobile renters.
We will also make selective investments in Growth Markets, targeting “lifestyle locations” within these larger Growth Markets, where such locations typically have the same relative advantages of high barriers to entry, accessibility to major employment centers, transportation systems, shopping and amenities that we look for in the Lifestyle Markets.
41
INVESTMENT STRATEGY, OBJECTIVES AND POLICIES
Investment Strategy
We intend to acquire a diversified portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments, with a primary focus on well-located, institutional quality apartment properties with strong and stable cash flows. We intend to implement what we refer to as the Enhanced Multifamily strategy, which is described in more detail below.
We also intend to acquire well-located residential properties that we believe present significant possibilities for short-term capital appreciation, such as those requiring repositioning, renovation or redevelopment, and those available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers. As appropriate, we intend to implement Enhanced Multifamily strategies to these properties as well.
We will also seek to originate or invest in real estate-related securities that we believe present the potential for high current income or total return, including but not limited to mortgage, bridge or subordinated loans, debt securities and preferred or other equity securities of other real estate companies, and may invest in entities that make similar investments. See “— Investment in and Originating Real Estate-Related Investments.” Subject to the provisions our charter, some of the above investments may be made in connection with programs sponsored, managed or advised by our affiliates or affiliates of our advisor, and we may enter into one or more joint ventures, tenant-in-common investments or other co-ownership arrangements for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties with third parties or affiliates of our advisor. We may serve as mortgage lender to, or acquire interests in or securities issued by these joint ventures, tenant-in-common investments or other joint venture arrangements or other programs sponsored by our advisor’s affiliates.
Our board of directors intends to delegate to its investment committee the authority to approve all property acquisitions, developments and dispositions, as well as all real estate and real estate-related investments and all investments consistent with our investment objectives, for investment costs up to $50,000,000, including our financing of such investments. Our advisor will recommend suitable investments for consideration by the investment committee and, where required, the full board of directors. See “Management — Committees of the Board of Directors —Investment Committee.”
Investment Objectives
Our primary investment objectives are to:
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• |
preserve and protect your capital investment; |
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• |
provide you with attractive and stable cash distributions; and |
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• |
increase the value of our assets in order to generate capital appreciation for you. |
Investment Approach
Our board, including a majority of our independent directors, may revise our investment policies, which we describe in more detail below, without the approval of our stockholders. Our board will review our investment policies at least annually to determine whether our policies are in the best interests of our stockholders. Our charter requires that our board include the basis for their determination in minutes of their meetings and in an annual report delivered to our stockholders.
Within our investment policies and objectives, our advisor will have substantial discretion with respect to the selection of specific investments and the purchase and sale of our assets, subject to the provisions in our charter that the consideration paid for each property we acquire is ordinarily based on the fair market value as determined by a majority of our directors.
Our advisor’s senior executives, Messrs. Kamfar, Babb, and Ruddy, bring over 60 years of combined expertise gained through hands-on experience in acquisitions, asset management, dispositions, development/redevelopment, leasing, property management, portfolio management and in building operating and real estate companies.
42
Our Target Portfolio
We intend to achieve our investment objectives by acquiring a diverse portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments. We plan to diversify our portfolio by investment type, size, property location and risk with the goal of attaining a portfolio that will generate attractive returns for our investors, with the potential for capital appreciation. Our targeted portfolio allocation is as follows:
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• |
Enhanced Multifamily. We intend to allocate approximately 50% of our portfolio to investments in well-located, institutional quality apartment properties that we believe demonstrate strong and stable cash flows, typically located in supply constrained sub-markets with relatively high expectations of rent growth. As appropriate, we intend to implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy (as described below) at these properties, which we anticipate will create sustainable long-term increases in property value and lead to increased returns to our investors by, among other benefits, generating higher rental revenue and reducing resident turnover. |
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Value-Added Residential. We intend to allocate approximately 30% of our portfolio to investments in well-located, residential properties that offer a significant potential for short-term capital appreciation through repositioning, renovation or redevelopment. In addition, we will seek to acquire properties available at opportunistic prices from distressed or time-constrained sellers in need of liquidity. As appropriate, we intend to implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy at these properties as well. |
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Real Estate-Related Investments. We intend to allocate approximately 20% of our portfolio in other real estate-related investments with the potential for high current income or significant total returns. These investments could include first and second mortgages, subordinated, bridge and other loans, debt and other securities related to or secured by real estate assets, and common and preferred equity, which may include securities of other REITs and real estate companies. Subject to the provisions of our charter, some of these investments may be made in connection with programs sponsored, managed or advised by our affiliates or those of our advisor. |
Although the above outlines our target portfolio, we may make adjustments based on, among other things, prevailing real estate market conditions and the availability of attractive investment opportunities. We will not forego an attractive investment because it does not fit within our targeted asset class or portfolio composition. We may use the proceeds of this offering to purchase or invest in any type of real estate or real estate-related investment which we determine is in the best interest of our stockholders, subject to the provisions of our charter which limit certain types of investments.
We believe the probability of meeting our investment objectives will be maximized through the careful selection and underwriting of assets. When considering an investment, we will generally evaluate the following:
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the performance and risk characteristics of that investment; |
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how that investment will fit within our target portfolio objectives; and |
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the expected returns of that investment on a risk-adjusted basis, relative to other investment alternatives. |
As such, our actual portfolio composition may vary substantially from the target portfolio described above.
We will typically hold fee title or a long-term leasehold estate in the properties we acquire. However, subject to any required approvals and maintaining our status as a REIT, we may also invest in or acquire operating companies or other entities that own and operate assets that meet our investment objectives. We will consider doing so if we believe it more efficient to acquire an entity that already owns assets meeting our investment objectives than to acquire such assets directly. Also, we may enter into one or more joint ventures, tenant-in-common investments or other co-ownership arrangements for the acquisition, development or improvement of properties with third parties or affiliates of our advisor, including other present and future real estate programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor. We may also serve as lender to these joint ventures, tenant-in-common programs or other programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor.
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Our Target Markets
Although we intend to diversify our portfolio by geographic location, we expect to focus on markets with high potential for attractive returns located in the United States. As a result, our actual investments may result in concentrations in a limited number of geographic regions. We will seek to focus on markets where affiliates of Bluerock has established relationships, transaction history, market knowledge and access to potential ‘‘off-market’’ investments directly from sellers, as well as an ability to direct property management and leasing operations efficiently. Our preferred target markets have three distinct characteristics:
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Supply. High barriers-to-entry, such as zoning, land use restrictions, cost, or other characteristics that tend to limit supply; |
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Demand. Strong economic predictors, such as employment growth, household income, economic diversity, favorable population demographics or other characteristics that tend to generate high demand; and |
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Retention. Attractive quality of life, such as recreation, leisure, infrastructure, education, limited home ownership opportunities ( i.e., low affordability index) or other characteristics that tend to generate high demand and retention. |
We will review and may periodically adjust our target markets in response to changing market conditions and to maintain a diverse portfolio. Our initial target markets, along with their metropolitan statistical area (MSA) rank in population, are listed below:
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Western Region |
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MSA |
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Greater Los Angeles |
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2 |
Dallas/Fort Worth |
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4 |
Houston |
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6 |
San Francisco Bay Area |
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12 |
Phoenix |
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13 |
Seattle/Tacoma/Bellevue |
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15 |
Minneapolis |
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16 |
San Diego County |
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17 |
Denver |
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21 |
Portland |
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23 |
San Antonio |
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28 |
Kansas City |
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29 |
San Jose |
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31 |
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Eastern Region |
MSA |
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Greater New York |
1 |
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Chicago |
3 |
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Washington/N. Virginia/Maryland |
8 |
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Atlanta |
9 |
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Boston |
10 |
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Orlando |
27 |
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Indianapolis |
33 |
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Charlotte |
35 |
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Austin |
37 |
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Nashville |
39 |
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Louisville |
42 |
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Richmond |
43 |
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Raleigh-Durham |
49 |
Additionally, certain secondary markets demonstrating strong fundamentals, employment diversity and attractive pricing will be pursued on a selective basis.
Economic and real estate market conditions vary widely within each region and submarket, and we intend to spread our portfolio investments both across these regions and among the submarkets within these regions.
Investment Size
We also intend to diversify by investment size. We expect that our real property investments will typically range in size from $20 million to $150 million; however, we may make occasional investments outside of this range if we believe that the investment will help us meet our investment objectives and its projected risk-adjusted return merits such concentration.
Enhanced Multifamily Strategy
Our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy consists of a series of initiatives which we believe can create a sustainable competitive advantage and allow us to realize long-term increases in property value. This strategy seeks to transform the perception of the apartment from a purely functional one ( i.e., as solely a place to live) to a lifestyle product/community ( i.e., as a place to live, interact and socialize) thereby creating an enhanced perception of value among residents, allowing for premium rental rates and resulting in enhanced resident retention.
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The initiatives consist of amenities and attributes that go beyond traditional features, and incorporate cosmetic and architectural improvements along with technology, music and activities to establish an enhanced sense of comfort and appeal to our target residents’ desire for a “sense of community” by creating places to gather, socialize and interact in a highly amenitized environment. These initiatives may include:
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common areas with Wi-Fi allowing residents to stay connected online while socializing with friends; |
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unique places to gather and socialize, such as outdoor kitchens and fireplaces; |
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state-of-the-art fitness centers providing a range of fitness and wellness classes; |
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architecturally appealing common areas designed to encourage social interaction and a “sense of community”; |
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a state-of-the-art security system; |
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occasional live music and other performances; |
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group activities, such as book clubs, cooking classes and wine tastings; |
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resort-like pools; and |
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social activities incorporated into each property through a concierge program. |
Where appropriate, our Enhanced Multifamily initiatives may also include a “Green Lifestyle” program that incorporates environmentally sound and energy efficient products to enable the residents to live an environmentally friendly lifestyle, which we believe will further develop a “sense of community” by appealing to our target residents’ social and environmental concerns.
The Enhanced Multifamily strategy is specifically targeted to appeal to the following two lucrative and rapidly growing segments of the multifamily market:
Lifestyle Renters are generally established, adult households with multiple housing choices open to them, which choose to rent an apartment for primarily nonfinancial reasons. They include Baby Boomers who have become empty nesters and who are seeking to live a simpler lifestyle without the responsibilities of home ownership, as well as some older members of the Echo Boomer generation. Lifestyle Renter households generally meet three criteria:
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they are old enough to be established in the labor force and to have stopped having to move every year or two for reasons of job or school; |
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they have adult interests and schedules; and |
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they earn enough income to purchase a home if they choose to do so and may have been homeowners previously. |
Middle Market Renters are generally younger and more mobile than Lifestyle Renters, and while they can generally afford to own, they have chosen either to save their money (perhaps to purchase a larger house at a later date), to spend it on other goods and services or to invest it in something other than housing, or they are in a personal or job transition. For Middle Market Renters an apartment can provide an inexpensive and maintenance-free residence. This segment is made up of several main subgroups, including:
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young adults, who are in a transitional stage in terms of both their personal and work lives — they may be recent college graduates or others who are on a track to earn enough money to purchase a home, but have not yet reached that point or are too mobile to settle down; |
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women who live alone and who may choose apartments because they require little maintenance and may offer a sense of personal security that is often lacking in single-family homes; and |
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family households, including married couples with no children, couples with children and single-parent households. |
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As a further benefit, by appealing to and attracting the upper income segments of the rental market, we believe the initiatives can generate significant additional revenue-enhancing options at the properties, including the ability to provide and charge for premium units, upgrade packages, and equipment rentals such as washer and dryers, flat screen televisions and premium sound systems.
Investments in Stabilized Properties
We intend to allocate approximately 50% of our portfolio to investments in well-located, institutional quality apartment properties demonstrating strong and stable cash flows, typically located in supply constrained sub-markets with relatively high expectations of rent growth. Such properties typically will have been developed after 1995 and demonstrate a high potential to increase rents and generate capital appreciation through the implementation of our Enhanced Multifamily strategy to create communities which appeal to the rapidly growing Lifestyle Renter and Middle Market Renter segments of the market, and where we seek to create sustainable long-term increases in property value and lead to increased returns for our investors by, among other benefits, enhancing rental revenue and resident retention.
Investments in “Value-Added” Properties
We intend to allocate approximately 30% of our target portfolio in “value-added” residential properties with the potential for short-term capital appreciation. These assets generally will be well-located and fundamentally sound residential properties, but where there is an opportunity to improve net operating income and overall property value, without limitation, through:
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investment of additional funds; |
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aggressive marketing and management to increase rental revenue; |
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create incremental sources of revenue; and |
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disciplined management procedures to reduce operating costs. |
We may employ one or more of the following strategies with respect to the acquisition and management of these properties:
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Renovating/Repositioning . These properties may be poorly managed, have significant deferred maintenance and/or suffer from a rental base that is below competing properties in the market and which, through a cost-effective renovation program and implementation of institutional-quality management practices and systems, can be repositioned to attract new residents at higher rental rates. |
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Redeveloping . These properties may have excess land or unrealized development rights allowing for additional units and/or common areas in order to generate incremental sources of revenue, increased operational efficiencies or improved land use. |
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Opportunistic Purchase . These properties can be acquired at what we believe are opportunistic prices ( i.e., at prices below what would be available in an otherwise efficient market) from sellers who are distressed or face time-sensitive deadlines and are in need of liquidity. |
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Value Investing. These are well-located, fundamentally sound properties that can be acquired at attractive values in markets that are temporarily overbuilt or oversold, but which have solid demographic characteristics, and where the market recovery is expected to favorably impact the value of these properties. |
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Portfolio Purchase. Some portfolios which due to large size, overly broad asset mix or mixed investment type (stabilized vs. value-added) may attract a limited pool of qualified potential purchasers and therefore may be available with a bargain element for a well capitalized purchaser able to purchase the portfolio as a whole. |
In addition, although our Enhanced Multifamily operating and property initiatives are primarily intended for the stabilized properties we acquire, we intend to implement some or all of these initiatives where appropriate for our value-added properties.
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We generally intend to hold our properties for two to six years, which we believe is the optimal period to enable us to capitalize on the potential for increased income and capital appreciation. However, economic and market conditions, and changes in REIT regulations, may cause us to adjust our expected holding period in order to maximize our potential returns. We cannot predict the various market conditions that will exist at any given time in the future. Because of this uncertainty, we cannot assure you that we will be able to sell our properties at a profit, which could adversely affect our ability to realize any potential appreciation on our investments.
Investments in and Originating Real Estate-Related Investments
We intend to allocate approximately 20% of our target portfolio to real estate-related investments with a potential for high current income or total return, including first and second mortgages, subordinated, bridge and other real estate-related loans, debt securities related to or secured by real estate assets, and common and preferred equity securities, which may include equity securities of other REITs or real estate companies.
We may originate or make investments in all types of real estate-related loans. Some of the types of loans in which we may invest or originate, other than traditional commercial mortgage loans, are described below:
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Second Mortgages . Second mortgages are secured by second deeds of trust on real property that is already subject to prior mortgage indebtedness. |
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B-Notes . B-Notes are junior participations in a first mortgage loan on a single property or group of related properties, which share a single borrower and mortgage with the senior, participating A-Note and are secured by the same collateral. |
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Subordinated Loans . Subordinated loans usually rank junior in priority of payment to senior secured loans and second mortgages. Subordinated loans are generally not secured by mortgage interests in the borrower’s real estate, but have a pledge of ownership interests of an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property and therefore are situated above preferred equity and common stock in the capital structure of a borrower. Due to their junior status compared to senior secured loans and second mortgages, subordinated loans typically offer the ability to achieve higher returns through both higher interest rates and possible equity ownership in the form of warrants, enabling the owner of the subordinated loan to participate in the capital appreciation of the borrower. We may hold senior or junior positions in subordinated loans, such senior or junior position denoting the particular leverage strip that may apply. |
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Bridge Loans. Bridge loans are financing products to borrowers who are typically seeking short-term capital to be used in an acquisition, development or refinancing of a given property. |
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Convertible Mortgages . Convertible mortgages are similar to equity participations, and generally benefit from the cash flow and/or any appreciation in the value of the subject property. |
We may invest in or originate debt securities in cases in which we believe there is a possibility of exercising our foreclosure rights against the property in order to acquire the underlying asset, where the amount of our debt investment provides an attractive cost basis for ownership.
We intend to structure, underwrite and originate many of the debt products in which we invest. Our underwriting process will involve comprehensive financial, structural, operational and legal due diligence to assess the risks of investments so that we can optimize pricing and structuring. By originating loans directly, we will be able to efficiently structure a diverse range of products. For instance, we may sell some components of the debt we originate while retaining attractive, risk-adjusted components. We may fund the loans we originate with proceeds from this offering and borrowings from other lenders, including warehouse lines of credit, which we may procure. We may require other collateral to provide additional security for our loans, including letters of credit, personal guarantees or collateral unrelated to the property we finance. We may structure our loans so that we receive a stated fixed or variable interest rate. The loans also may be structured to include a percentage of gross revenues or a percentage of the increase in the fair market value of the property relating to the loan. Loans we structure may be payable upon maturity, refinancing or sale of the property. Our loans may also have prepayment lockouts, yield maintenance, prepayment penalties, minimum profit hurdles and other mechanisms to protect and enhance returns in the event of premature repayment.
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These mortgage loan investments will typically range in size from $10 million to $50 million, have terms from two to six years and bear interest at a rate of 300 to 1,200 basis points over the applicable interest rate index. We will not make or invest in mortgage loans unless we obtain an appraisal concerning the underlying property from a certified independent appraiser. In addition to the appraisal, we will seek to obtain a customary lender’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the mortgage and the condition of title.
We will not make or invest in mortgage loans on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including our borrowings, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of the property, unless we find substantial justification due to the presence of other underwriting criteria. For example, we may find such justification in cases in which we believe there is a high probability of our foreclosure upon the property in order to acquire the underlying assets and in which the amount of our mortgage loan investment provides an attractive cost basis for ownership of the underlying property.
In evaluating prospective investments in and originations of loans, our advisor will consider factors such as the following:
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the ratio of the amount of the investment to the value of the property by which the note is secured; |
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the property’s potential for appreciation; |
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the stability and economic strength of the market, submarket and property; |
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the debt coverage ratio provided by historical and projected net operating income; |
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historical and projected levels of rental increase and occupancy rates; |
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the liquidity of the investment; |
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the current and future quality of the location; |
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the condition and use of the property; |
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the property’s income-producing capacity; |
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the quality, experience, creditworthiness and liquidity of the borrower; |
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the ability to acquire the underlying real estate; and |
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general economic condition of the macro and micro market of the property. |
Our advisor will evaluate all potential loan investments to determine if the security for the loan and the loan-to-value ratio meets our investment criteria and objectives. We anticipate that most loans will have a term of five years or less. Most loans that we will consider for investment would provide for monthly payments of interest and some may also provide for principal amortization.
Our mortgage loan investments may be subject to regulation by federal, state and local authorities and subject to laws and judicial and administrative decisions imposing various requirements and restrictions, including, among other things, regulating credit granting activities, establishing maximum interest rates and finance charges, requiring disclosure to customers, governing secured transactions and setting collection, repossession and claims handling procedures and other trade practices. In addition, certain states have enacted legislation requiring the licensing of mortgage bankers or other lenders, and these requirements may affect our ability to effectuate our proposed investments in mortgage loans. Commencement of operations in these or other jurisdictions may be dependent upon a finding of our financial responsibility, character and fitness. We may determine not to make mortgage loans in any jurisdiction in which the regulatory authority believes that we have not complied in all material respects with applicable requirements.
Our charter does not limit the amount of gross offering proceeds that we may apply to loan investments. Our charter also does not place any limit or restriction on the percentage of our assets that may be invested in any type of loan or in any single loan, or the types of properties subject to mortgages or other loans in which we may invest. When determining whether to make investments in mortgage and other loans, we will consider such factors as:
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positioning our overall portfolio to achieve an optimal mix of real estate investments; |
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the diversification benefits of the loans relative to the rest of the portfolio; |
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the potential for the investment to deliver high current income and attractive risk-adjusted total returns; and |
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other factors considered important to meeting our investment objectives. |
Subject to any required approvals and maintaining our status as a REIT, we may also invest in or acquire operating companies or other entities that own and operate real estate or real estate-related investments that meet our investment objectives. We will consider doing so if we consider it more efficient to acquire an entity that already owns assets meeting our investment objectives than to acquire such assets directly. We may purchase the common or preferred stock or debt of these entities or options to acquire their stock. We may target a public company that owns commercial real estate or real estate-related debt or investments when we believe its stock is trading at a discount to that company’s net asset value, and may seek to obtain a controlling interest in the companies that we target.
Development and Construction of Properties
We may invest substantial proceeds from this offering, but not more than 10% of our total assets, in unimproved properties or in mortgage loans secured by such unimproved properties. We will consider a property to be an unimproved property if it was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, has no development or construction in process at the time of acquisition, and no development or construction is planned to commence within one year of the acquisition.
Joint Venture Investments
We may enter into joint ventures, partnerships, tenant-in-common investments, other co-ownership arrangements with real estate developers, owners and other third parties, including affiliates of our advisor, for the acquisition, development, improvement and operation of properties. A joint venture creates an alignment of interest with a private source of capital for the benefit of our stockholders, by leveraging our acquisition, development and management expertise in order to achieve one or more of the following four primary objectives:
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increase the return on our invested capital; |
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diversify our access to equity capital; |
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broaden our invested capital into additional projects in order to promote our brand and increase market share; and |
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obtain the participation of sophisticated partners in our real estate decisions. |
We may invest in joint ventures with our affiliates or affiliates of our advisor only if a majority of our directors, including a majority of our independent directors, approve the transaction as fair and reasonable and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers. In determining whether to invest in a particular joint venture, our advisor will evaluate the investment that such joint venture owns or is being formed to own under the same criteria described elsewhere in this prospectus for our selection of real property investments.
In the event that any joint venture with an entity affiliated with our advisor holds interests in more than one property or other investment, the interest in each may be specially allocated based upon the respective proportion of funds invested by each co-venturer. Entering into joint ventures with other programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor will result in conflicts of interest. See “Conflicts of Interest — Acquisitions from Our Advisor and Its Affiliates.”
We will establish the terms with respect to any particular joint venture agreement on a case-by-case basis after our board of directors considers all of the facts that are relevant, such as the nature and attributes of our other potential joint venture partners, the proposed structure of the joint venture, the nature of the operations, the liabilities and assets associated with the proposed joint venture and the size of our interest when compared to the interests owned by other partners in the venture. With respect to any joint venture investment, we expect to consider the following:
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Our ability to manage and control the joint venture. We will seek to obtain certain approval rights in joint ventures we do not control. For proposed joint ventures in which we are to share control with another entity, we will consider procedures to address decisions in the event of an impasse. |
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Our ability to exit a joint venture. We will consider requiring buy/sell rights, redemption rights or forced liquidation rights to allow us to control the timing of our exit. |
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Our ability to control transfers of interests held by other partners to the venture. We will consider requiring consent provisions, rights of first refusal, and or forced redemption rights in connection with transfers. |
Our Advisor’s Approach to Evaluating Potential Investments
Our advisor has developed a disciplined investment approach that combines its experience with a structure that emphasizes thorough market research, local market knowledge, underwriting discipline, and risk management in evaluating potential investments, as follows:
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National Market Research. The investment team extensively researches the acquisition and underwriting of each transaction, utilizing both real-time market data and the transactional knowledge and experience of Bluerock’s network of professionals. |
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Local Market Knowledge. The expertise, and access to coveted off-market opportunities, is provided by our local partners or real estate professionals with whom Bluerock has developed strong relationships over the years. |
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Underwriting Discipline. Our advisor follows a disciplined process to examine and evaluate a potential investment in terms of its income-producing capacity and prospects for capital appreciation, which includes a review of property fundamentals, such as tenant/lease base, lease rollover, expense structure, occupancy, and property capital expenditure; capital markets fundamentals, including cap rates, interest rates and holding period; and market fundamentals, such as rental rates, concession and occupancy levels at comparable properties, along with projected product delivery and absorption rates. Our advisor will strive to verify all assumptions by third-party research from credible sources, to the extent practical, in order to ensure consistency in the underwriting approach. Only those real estate assets meeting our investment criteria will be accepted for inclusion in our portfolio. |
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Risk Management. Risk management is a fundamental principle in our advisor’s construction of our portfolio and in the management of each investment. Diversification of our portfolio by investment type, investment size and investment risk is critical to controlling portfolio-level risk. |
When evaluating potential acquisitions, developments and dispositions, we generally consider the following factors as relevant:
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strategically targeted markets; |
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income levels and employment growth trends in the relevant market; |
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employment, household growth and net migration of the relevant market’s population; |
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barriers to entry that would limit competition (zoning laws, building permit availability, supply of undeveloped or developable real estate, local building costs and construction costs, among other factors); |
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the location, construction quality, condition and design of the property; |
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the current and projected cash flow of the property and the ability to increase cash flow; |
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the potential for capital appreciation of the property; |
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purchase price relative to the replacement cost of the property; |
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the terms of resident leases, including the potential for rent increases; |
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the potential for economic growth and the tax and regulatory environment of the community in which the property is located; |
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the occupancy and demand by residents for properties of a similar type in the vicinity (the overall market and submarket); |
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the prospects for liquidity through sale, financing or refinancing of the property; |
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the benefits of integration into existing operations; |
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purchase prices and yields of available existing stabilized properties, if any; |
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competition from existing properties and properties under development and the potential for the construction of new properties in the area; and |
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potential for opportunistic selling based on demand and price of high quality assets, including condominium conversions. |
Conditions to Closing Real Property Investments
Our advisor will perform a diligence review on each property that we purchase. All of our property acquisitions will also be supported by an appraisal prepared by an independent appraiser who is a member-in-good standing of the Appraisal Institute. Our investment policy currently provides that the purchase price of each property will not exceed its appraised value at the time of our acquisition of the property. We will also generally seek to condition our obligation to close the purchase of any property on the delivery of certain documents from the seller or developer. Such documents, where available, include, but are not limited to:
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historical operating statements from ownership for the past three years, with month and year-to-date for last year and the current year; |
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detailed rent roll for the most recent month, including concessions, security deposits, delinquencies, in place rents and street rents, including updated rent rolls as appropriate; |
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capital expenditure history through the current year-to-date, including detail of any exterior work; |
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personal property inventory; |
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tax bills and assessment notices for the property for the past three years, including any correspondence relating to tax appeals; |
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utility bills (gas, electric, water and sewer) for the past year, as well as current year-to-date; |
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aged receivables; |
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all contracts and service agreements, including equipment leases; |
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tenant and vendor correspondence files; |
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correspondence with government agencies; |
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any current or prior code violations; |
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environmental, asbestos, soil, physical and engineering reports; |
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surveys; |
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form leases; |
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list of personnel, wages & benefits; |
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plans and specifications (including as-built); |
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certificates of occupancy; |
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unexpired warranties; |
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corporate Units Agreements; |
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list of any pending litigation affecting either the property or the residents; |
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title commitment and copies of underlying recorded documents; and |
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business licenses and permits. |
In order to be as thorough as reasonably possible in our due diligence, our advisor will typically obtain additional third-party reports. Such reports may include, property condition, soil, mechanical-electrical-plumbing, structural, roof, air quality, mold, termite, radon, seismic, lease audit, net operating income audit and others. We will not purchase any property unless and until we obtain what is generally referred to as a “Phase I” environmental site assessment and are generally satisfied with the environmental status of the property.
Asset-Level Business Strategy
Our advisor’s investment approach also includes active and aggressive management of each asset acquired. Our advisor believes that active management is critical to creating value.
Prior to the purchase of an individual asset or portfolio, our asset managers will work closely with our advisor’s acquisition officer and underwriting teams to develop an asset-level business strategy. This is a forecast of the action items to be taken and the capital needed to achieve the anticipated returns. Our advisor will review asset-level business strategies quarterly to anticipate changes or opportunities in the market during a given phase of a real estate cycle. Our advisor will design this process to allow for realistic yet aggressive enhancement of value throughout the investment period. Furthermore, implementation of our Enhanced Multifamily operating and property initiatives will play an important role to increase property values and to standardize asset management procedures at a high level of performance.
In an effort to keep an asset in compliance with our underwriting standards, our advisor’s acquisition officers will remain involved through the investment life cycle of the acquired asset and will actively consult with our asset managers throughout the hold period. Our asset managers typically will be responsible for investments in only a few markets, which allow them to have in-depth knowledge of each market for which they will be responsible. This focus also allows the asset managers to establish networks of relationships with each market’s competitive property
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set. In addition, our advisor’s executive officers will continuously review the operating performance of investments against projections, and will provide the oversight necessary to detect and resolve issues as they arise.
Dispositions
We intend to hold our properties for an extended period, typically two to six years depending on the asset, which we believe is the optimal period to enable us to, as appropriate, implement our advisor’s Enhanced Multifamily strategy and capitalize on the potential for increased income and capital appreciation. The period that we will hold our investments will vary depending on the type of asset, interest rates and other factors.
Our advisor will develop a well-defined exit strategy for each investment. Specifically, our advisor will assign a sale date to each asset we acquire prior to its purchase as part of the original business plan for the asset. Our advisor will thereafter continually re-evaluate the exit strategy of each asset in response to the performance of the individual asset, market conditions and our overall portfolio objectives, to determine the optimal time to sell the asset in order to maximize stockholder value and returns. Periodic reviews of each asset will focus on the remaining available value enhancement opportunities for the asset and the demand for the asset in the marketplace.
Economic and market conditions may influence us to hold our investments for different periods of time. We may sell an asset before the end of the expected holding period if we believe that market conditions and asset positioning have maximized its value to us or the sale of the asset would otherwise be in the best interests of our stockholders.
Borrowing Policies
We may incur indebtedness in the form of bank borrowings, purchase money obligations to the sellers of properties we purchase, publicly and privately-placed debt instruments or financings from institutional investors or other lenders. This indebtedness may be unsecured or secured by mortgages or other interests in our properties, or may be limited to the particular property to which the indebtedness relates. We may finance the acquisition or origination of certain real estate-related investments with warehouse lines of credit. Our indebtedness, including our warehouse facilities and bank credit facilities, may include a recourse component, meaning that lenders retain a general claim against us as an entity. Further, such borrowings may also provide the lender with the ability to make margin calls and may limit the length of time which any given asset may be used as eligible collateral. The form of our indebtedness may be long-term or short-term, fixed or floating rate, or in the form of a revolving credit facility. Our advisor will seek to obtain financing on our behalf on the most favorable terms available. We may use borrowing proceeds to: finance acquisitions of new properties or assets or originations of new loans; to pay for capital improvements, or repairs; to refinance existing indebtedness; to pay distributions; or to provide working capital.
We intend to focus our investment activities on obtaining a diverse portfolio of real estate investments. Careful use of debt will help us to achieve our diversification goals because we will have more funds available for investment. We expect that once we have fully invested the proceeds of this offering, our debt financing will be approximately 50% of the cost of our real estate investments (before deducting depreciation or other non-cash reserves) plus the value of our other assets. There is no limitation on the amount we may borrow for the purchase of any single property or other investment. Our charter limits our borrowings to 300% of our net assets as of the date of any borrowing, which is generally expected to approximate 75% of the cost of our investments; however, we may exceed that limit if a majority of our independent directors approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from our independent directors of the justification for the excess borrowing. We do not intend to exceed the leverage limit in our charter except in the early stages of our development when the costs of our investments are most likely to exceed our net offering proceeds. Our board of directors must review our aggregate borrowings at least quarterly. We have no agreements or letters of intent in place for any financing sources at this time.
By operating on a leveraged basis, we expect that we will have more funds available to us for investments. This will allow us to make more investments than would otherwise be possible, resulting in a more diversified portfolio. Although we expect our liability for the repayment of indebtedness to be limited to the value of the property securing the liability and the rents or profits derived therefrom, our use of leverage increases the risk of default on
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the mortgage payments and a resulting foreclosure of a particular property. Lenders may have recourse to assets not securing the repayment of the indebtedness. To the extent that we do not obtain mortgage loans on our properties, our ability to acquire additional properties will be limited. Our advisor will use its best efforts to obtain financing on the most favorable terms available to us.
When interest rates are high or financing is otherwise unavailable on a timely basis, we may purchase certain properties and other assets for cash with the intention of obtaining a loan for a portion of the purchase price at a later time. Our advisor will refinance properties during the term of a loan only in limited circumstances, such as when a decline in interest rates makes it beneficial to prepay an existing mortgage, when an existing mortgage matures or if an attractive investment becomes available and the proceeds from the refinancing can be used to purchase such investment. The benefits of the refinancing may include an increased cash flow resulting from reduced debt service requirements, an increase in distributions from proceeds of the refinancing, and an increase in property ownership if refinancing proceeds are reinvested in real estate.
Except with respect to the borrowing limits contained in our charter, we may reevaluate and change our debt policy in the future without a stockholder vote. Factors that we would consider when reevaluating or changing our debt policy include: then-current economic conditions, the relative cost of debt and equity capital, any acquisition opportunities, the ability of our properties and other investments to generate sufficient cash flow to cover debt service requirements and other similar factors. We will not borrow from our advisor or its affiliates to purchase properties or make other investments unless a majority of our independent directors approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.
Listing or Liquidation Policy
We presently intend to complete a transaction providing liquidity for our stockholders within four to six years from the completion of our offering stage. We will consider our offering stage complete when we are no longer publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a national securities exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on public offerings and have not done so for one year. A liquidity event could include: (1) the sale of all or substantially all of our assets either on a portfolio basis or individually followed by a liquidation, (2) a merger or another transaction approved by our board of directors in which our stockholders will receive cash and/or shares of a publicly traded company or (3) a listing of our shares on a national securities exchange. In making the decision to apply for listing of our shares, our directors will try to determine whether listing our shares or liquidating our assets will result in greater value for our stockholders. One of the factors our board of directors will consider when making this determination is the liquidity needs of our stockholders. We cannot predict the exact date by which we will complete a liquidity event, as market conditions and other factors could cause us to delay the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange or delay the commencement of our liquidation or to delay the listing of our shares on a national securities exchange beyond six years from the termination of our offering stage. The sale of all, or substantially all, of our assets as well as liquidation would require the affirmative vote of a majority of our then outstanding shares of common stock. A public market for our shares may allow us to increase our size, portfolio diversity, stockholder liquidity and access to capital. There is no assurance however that we will list our shares or that a public market will develop if we list our shares.
If we do not begin the process of listing our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange by the end of that period, or have not otherwise completed a liquidity event by such date, our charter requires that we seek stockholder approval of the liquidation of the company, unless a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of independent directors, determines that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders. If a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, does determine that liquidation is not then in the best interests of our stockholders, our charter requires that a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, revisit the issue of liquidation at least annually. Further postponement of listing or stockholder action regarding liquidation would only be permitted if a majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, again determined that liquidation would not be in the best interest of our stockholders. If we sought and failed to obtain stockholder approval of our liquidation, our charter would not require us to list or liquidate, and we could continue to operate as before. If we sought and obtained stockholder approval of our liquidation, we would begin an orderly sale of our properties and other assets.
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Even if we decide to liquidate, we are under no obligation to conclude our liquidation within a set time because the timing of the sale of our assets will depend on real estate and financial markets, economic conditions of the areas in which the properties are located, and federal income tax effects on stockholders that may prevail in the future. We cannot assure you that we will be able to liquidate all of our assets. After commencing a liquidation, we would continue in existence until all properties and other assets are liquidated.
Charter Imposed Investment Limitations
Our charter places numerous limitations on us with respect to the manner in which we may invest our funds or issue securities prior to our shares being listed on a national securities exchange. Prior to such date, we will not:
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borrow in excess of 300% of our “net assets,” as defined by the NASAA Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts, as amended from time to time, which we refer to as the NASAA REIT Guidelines; however, we may exceed that limit if a majority of our independent directors approves each borrowing in excess of our charter limitation and we disclose such borrowing to our stockholders in our next quarterly report with an explanation from our independent directors of the justification for the excess borrowing; |
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invest more than 10% of our total assets in unimproved property or mortgage loans on unimproved property, which we define as property not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income or on which there is no development or construction in progress or planned to commence within one year; |
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make or invest in mortgage loans unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property, except for those mortgage loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency; |
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make or invest in mortgage loans, including construction loans, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans on such property would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of such property as determined by appraisal, unless substantial justification exists for exceeding such limit because of the presence of other underwriting criteria; |
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invest in indebtedness secured by a mortgage on real property which is subordinate to the lien or other indebtedness of our advisor, our directors or any of our affiliates; |
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pay acquisition fees and acquisition expenses that are unreasonable or exceed 6% of the purchase price of the property; in the case of a loan, acquire or originate a loan if the related origination fees and expenses are not reasonable or exceed 6% of the funds advanced; or, in the case of an equity investment or other investment in securities, pay acquisition fees and acquisition expenses that are unreasonable or exceed 6% of the value of the investment as determined by a majority of our independent directors, provided that, notwithstanding the above, we may pay in excess of 6% if a majority of our independent directors determines that the transaction is commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to us; |
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acquire equity securities unless a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable, provided however, that investments in equity securities in “publicly traded entities” that are otherwise approved by a majority of our directors (including a majority of our independent directors) will be deemed fair, competitive and commercially reasonable if we acquire the equity securities through a trade that is effected in a recognized securities market (a “publicly traded entity” shall mean any entity having securities listed on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on an inter-dealer quotation system); |
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invest in real estate contracts of sale, otherwise known as land sale contracts, unless the contract is in recordable form and is appropriately recorded in the chain of title; |
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invest in commodities or commodity futures contracts, except for futures contracts when used solely for the purpose of hedging in connection with our ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and mortgages; |
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issue options or warrants to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates except on the same terms as such options or warrants are sold to the general public; |
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issue equity securities on a deferred payment basis or other similar arrangement; |
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issue debt securities in the absence of adequate cash flow to cover debt service unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most recently completed fiscal year), as adjusted for known changes, is sufficient to service that higher level of debt as determined by the board of directors or a duly authorized executive officer; |
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issue equity securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder, which restriction has no effect on our share repurchase plan or the ability of our operating partnership to issue redeemable partnership interests; or |
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make any investment that we believe will be inconsistent with our objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until our board of directors determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in our best interests. |
In addition, our charter includes many other investment limitations in connection with conflict-of-interest transactions, which limitations are described herein under “Conflicts of Interest.” Our charter also includes restrictions on roll-up transactions, which are described under “Description of Capital Stock” below.
Investment Company Act Considerations s
Neither we nor our operating partnership nor any of the subsidiaries of our operating partnership intend to register as, nor do we intend to conduct our operations so as to be regulated as, an investment company under the Investment Company Act. We expect that our investments will be held through wholly-owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership. We further expect that most of these subsidiaries will not fall within the definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act. We also expect that we and our operating partnership will not meet the definition of an investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act. Under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, in relevant part, a company is not deemed to be an “investment company” if:
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it neither is, nor holds itself out as being, engaged primarily, nor proposes to engage primarily, in the business of investing, reinvesting or trading in securities; or |
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it neither is engaged nor proposes to engage in the business of investing, reinvesting, owning, holding or trading in securities and does not own or propose to acquire “investment securities” having a value exceeding 40% of the value of its total assets on an unconsolidated basis, or the 40% test. “Investment securities” excludes U.S. government securities and securities of majority-owned subsidiaries that are not themselves investment companies and are not relying on the exception from the definition of investment company under Section 3(c)(1) or Section 3(c)(7) of the Investment Company Act. |
We believe that we, our operating partnership and most of the subsidiaries of our operating partnership will satisfy both of the above tests as we intend to invest primarily in real property through our wholly or majority-owned subsidiaries, the majority of which we expect to have approximately 80% of their assets in real property. As these subsidiaries would be investing either solely or primarily in real property, they would be outside of the definition of “investment company” under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act. As we are organized as a holding company that conducts its businesses primarily through the operating partnership, which in turn is a holding company conducting its business through its subsidiaries, both we and our operating partnership intend to conduct our operations so that they comply with the 40% test.
The determination of whether an entity is a majority-owned subsidiary of ours or our operating partnership will be made by us. The Investment Company Act defines a majority-owned subsidiary of a person as a company 50% or more of the outstanding voting securities of which are owned by such person, or by another company which is a majority-owned subsidiary of such person. The Investment Company Act further defines voting securities as any security presently entitling the owner or holder thereof to vote for the election of directors of a company. We intend to treat companies that we may establish and in which we own at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities as majority-owned subsidiaries for purposes of the 40% test. We have not requested the SEC to approve our treatment of any company as a majority-owned subsidiary and the SEC has not done so. If the SEC were to disagree with our treatment of one or more companies as majority-owned subsidiaries, we would need to adjust our strategy and our assets in order to continue to pass the 40% test. Any such adjustment in our strategy could have a material adverse effect on us.
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Even if the value of investment securities held by our subsidiaries were to exceed 40%, we expect our subsidiaries to be able to rely on the exclusion from the definition of “investment company” provided by Section 3(c)(5)(C) of the Investment Company Act. Section 3(c)(5)(C), as interpreted by the staff of the SEC, requires our subsidiaries to invest at least 55% of its portfolio in “mortgage and other liens on and interests in real estate,” which we refer to as “qualifying real estate investments” and maintain an additional 25% of its assets in qualifying real estate investments or other real estate-related assets, or the 25% basket. The remaining 20% of the portfolio can consist of miscellaneous assets.
For purposes of the exclusions provided by Sections 3(c)(5)(C), we will classify the investments made by our subsidiaries based on no-action letters issued by the SEC staff and other SEC interpretive guidance. Whole loans will be classified as qualifying real estate investments, as long as the loans are “fully secured” by an interest in real estate at the time our subsidiary originates or acquires the loan but will consider loans with loan-to-value ratios in excess of 100% to be real estate-related assets that come within the 25% basket. We will treat mezzanine loan investments as qualifying real estate investments so long as they are structured as “Tier 1” mezzanine loans in accordance with the criteria set forth in the Capital Trust, Inc., SEC No-Action Letter (May 24, 2007), that is: (1) the loan is made specifically and exclusively for the financing of real estate; (2) the loan is underwritten based on the same considerations as a second mortgage and after the subsidiary performs a hands-on analysis of the property being financed; (3) the subsidiary as lender exercises ongoing control rights over the management of the underlying property; (4) the subsidiary as lender has the right to readily cure defaults or purchase the mortgage loan in the event of a default on the mortgage loan; (5) the true measure of the collateral securing the loan is the property being financed and any incidental assets related to the ownership of the property; and (6) the subsidiary as lender has the right to foreclose on the collateral and through its ownership of the property-owning entity become the owner of the underlying property.
We will consider a participation in a whole mortgage loan and subordinate loans to be a qualifying real estate investments only if (1) our subsidiary has a participation interest in a mortgage loan that is fully secured by real property; (2) our subsidiary has the right to receive its proportionate share of the interest and the principal payments made on the loan by the borrower, and its returns on the loan are based on such payments; (3) our subsidiary invests only after performing the same type of due diligence and credit underwriting procedures that it would perform if it were underwriting the underlying mortgage loan; (4) our subsidiary has approval rights in connection with any material decisions pertaining to the administration and servicing of the loan and with respect to any material modification to the loan agreements; and (5) in the event that the loan becomes non-performing, our subsidiary has effective control over the remedies relating to the enforcement of the mortgage loan, including ultimate control of the foreclosure process, by having the right to: (a) appoint the special servicer to manage the resolution of the loan; (b) advise, direct or approve the actions of the special servicer; (c) terminate the special servicer at any time with or without cause; (d) cure the default so that the mortgage loan is no longer non-performing; and (e) purchase the senior loan at par plus accrued interest, thereby acquiring the entire mortgage loan. With respect to construction loans which are funded over time, we will consider the outstanding balance (i.e., the amount of the loan actually drawn) as a qualified real estate asset. The SEC has not issued no-action letters specifically addressing construction loans. If the SEC takes a position in the future that is contrary to our classification, we will modify our classification accordingly.
We will treat investments by our subsidiaries in securities issued by companies primarily engaged in the real estate business, interests in securitized real estate loan pools, loans fully secured by a lien on the subject real estate and additional assets of the real estate developer (which may include equity interests in the developer entity and a pledge of additional assets of the developer including parcels of undeveloped or developed real estate), and any loans with a loan-to-value ratio in excess of 100% as real estate-related assets that come within the 25% basket. Commercial mortgage-backed securities and collateralized debt obligations will also be treated as real-estate related assets that come within the 25% basket.
Consistent with guidance issued by the SEC, we will treat our subsidiaries’ joint venture investments as qualifying assets that come within the 55% basket only if we have the right to approve major decisions affecting the joint venture; otherwise, they will be classified as real-estate related assets that come within the 25% basket.
The treatment of any other investments as qualifying real estate investments and real estate-related assets will be based on the characteristics of the underlying collateral and the particular type of loan (including whether we have
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foreclosure rights with respect to those securities or loans that have underlying real estate collateral) and will be consistent with SEC guidance .
In the event that we, or our operating partnership, were to acquire assets that could make either entity fall within the definition of investment company under Section 3(a)(1) of the Investment Company Act, we believe that we would still qualify for an exclusion from registration pursuant to Section 3(c)(6). Although the SEC staff has issued little interpretive guidance with respect to Section 3(c)(6), we believe that we and our operating partnership may rely on Section 3(c)(6) if 55% of the assets of our operating partnership consist of, and at least 55% of the income of our operating partnership is derived from, qualifying real estate investment assets owned by wholly owned or majority-owned subsidiaries of our operating partnership .
Finally, to maintain compliance with the Investment Company Act exceptions, we, our operating company or our subsidiaries may be unable to sell assets we would otherwise want to sell and may need to sell assets we would otherwise wish to retain. In addition, we, our operating partnership or our subsidiaries may have to acquire additional income or loss-generating assets that we might not otherwise have acquired or may have to forego opportunities to acquire interest in companies that we would otherwise want to acquire and that may be important to our investment strategy. If our subsidiaries fail to own a sufficient amount of qualifying real estate investments or qualifying real estate investments or other real estate assets to satisfy the requirements of Section 3(c)(5)(C) and cannot rely on any other exemption or exclusion under the Investment Company Act, we could be characterized as an investment company. Our adviser will continually review our investment activity to attempt to ensure that we will not be regulated as an investment company. Among other things, our advisor will attempt to monitor the proportion of our portfolio that is placed in investments in securities.
Disclosure Policies with Respect to Future Probable Acquisitions
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not acquired or contracted to acquire any specific assets. Affiliates of our advisor are continually evaluating various potential investments and engaging in discussions and negotiations with sellers, developers and potential tenants regarding the purchase and development of properties and other investments for us and other programs sponsored by Bluerock. While this offering is pending, if we believe that a reasonable probability exists that we will acquire a property, group of properties or other assets, the purchase price of which exceeds 10% of our total assets, based on our most recent balance sheet that gives effect to any previous acquisitions, that were probable or completed since the date of the last balance sheet, this prospectus will be supplemented to disclose the probability of acquiring the asset. We expect that this will normally occur upon the signing of a purchase agreement for the acquisition of a specific asset, but may occur before or after such signing or upon the satisfaction or expiration of major contingencies in any such purchase agreement, depending on the particular circumstances surrounding each potential investment. A supplement to this prospectus will describe any improvements proposed to be constructed thereon and other information that we consider appropriate for an understanding of the transaction. Further data will be made available after any pending acquisition is consummated, also by means of a supplement to this prospectus, if appropriate.
You should understand that the disclosure of any proposed acquisition cannot be relied upon as an assurance that we will ultimately consummate such acquisition or that the information provided concerning the proposed acquisition will not change between the date of the supplement and any actual purchase.
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Our Board of Directors
We operate under the direction of our board of directors. The board is responsible for the management and control of our affairs. The board has retained our advisor to manage our day-to-day operations and our portfolio of real estate assets, subject to the board’s supervision.
Our directors are accountable to us and our stockholders as fiduciaries. This means that our directors must perform their duties in good faith and in a manner each director believes to be in our and our stockholders’ best interests. Further, our directors must act with such care as an ordinarily prudent person in a similar position would use under similar circumstances. However, our directors and executive officers are not required to devote all of their time to our business and must only devote such time to our affairs as their duties may require. We do not expect that our directors will be required to devote a substantial portion of their time to us in discharging their duties.
In general, a majority of the independent directors must approve matters relating to minimum capital, duties of directors, the advisory agreement, liability and indemnification of directors, advisor or affiliate fees, compensation and expenses, investment policies, leverage and borrowing policies, meetings of stockholders, stockholders’ election of directors, and our distribution reinvestment plan. At the first meeting of our board of directors consisting of a majority of independent directors, our charter and each of the above matters will be reviewed and ratified by a vote of the directors and at least a majority of the independent directors.
Upon the commencement of this offering, we will have five directors, three of whom will be independent directors. An “independent” director is a person who is not one of our officers or employees or an officer or employee of our advisor or its affiliates and has not been so for the previous two years. Serving as a director of, or having an ownership interest in, another program sponsored by Bluerock will not, by itself, preclude independent director status.
Each director will serve until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until his successor has been duly elected and qualifies. The presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at any stockholder meeting constitutes a quorum. With respect to the election of directors, each candidate nominated for election to the board of directors must receive a majority of the votes present, in person or by proxy, in order to be elected.
Although our board of directors may increase or decrease the number of directors, a decrease may not have the effect of shortening the term of any incumbent director. Any director may resign at any time or may be removed with or without cause by the stockholders upon the affirmative vote of at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors. The notice of the meeting will indicate that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is to determine if the director shall be removed.
A vacancy created by an increase in the number of directors or the death, resignation, removal, adjudicated incompetence or other incapacity of a director may be filled only by a vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred.
In addition to meetings of the various committees of the board, which committees we describe below, we expect our directors to hold at least four regular board meetings each year.
Committees of the Board of Directors
Our board of directors may establish committees it deems appropriate to address specific areas in more depth than may be possible at a full board meeting, provided that the majority of the members of each committee are independent directors. Our board of directors has established an audit committee and an investment committee.
We do not currently have a compensation committee because we do not plan to pay any compensation to our officers since we are externally managed by our advisor and have no employees.
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Audit Committee
Our board of directors has established an audit committee. The audit committee will meet on a regular basis, at least quarterly and more frequently as necessary. The audit committee’s primary functions will be:
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to evaluate and approve the services and fees of our independent registered public accounting firm; |
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to periodically review the auditors’ independence; and |
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to assist the board of directors in fulfilling its oversight responsibilities by reviewing the financial information to be provided to the stockholders and others, management’s system of internal controls and the audit and financial reporting process. Prior to the commencement of this offering, the audit committee will be comprised of three individuals, all of whom will be independent directors. |
The audit committee will also consider and approve the audit and non-audit services and fees provided by the independent public accountants.
The initial members of our audit committee are our three independent directors, Brian D. Bailey, I. Bobby Majumder and Romano Tio.
The background and experience of Messrs. Bailey, Majumder and Tio are described below in “Management —Our Executive Officers and Directors.”
Investment Committee
Our board of directors intends to delegate to the investment committee (1) certain responsibilities with respect to investments in specific real estate and real estate-related investments proposed by our advisor and (2) the authority to review our investment policies and procedures on an ongoing basis and recommend any changes to our board of directors.
Our board of directors intends to delegate to the investment committee the authority to approve all real property acquisitions, developments and dispositions, including real property portfolio acquisitions, developments and dispositions, as well as all real estate-related investments and all other investments in real estate consistent with our investment objectives, for investment cost of up to $50 million, including any financing of such investment. The board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors, must approve all investments for an investment cost greater than $50 million, including the financing of such investment. Our advisor will recommend suitable investments for consideration by the investment committee. If the members of the investment committee approve a given investment, then our advisor will be directed to make such investment on our behalf, if such investment can be completed on terms approved by the committee. Investments may be acquired from our advisor or its affiliates or our officers and directors or their affiliates, provided that a majority of our board of directors (including a majority of the independent directors), not otherwise interested in the transaction, approves the transaction as being fair and reasonable to our company and at a price to our company no greater than the cost of the investments to our advisor, its affiliates or any of our officers and directors, unless substantial justification exists for a price in excess of the cost to the affiliate and the excess is reasonable.
The initial members of our Investment Committee are James G. Babb, III, Brian D. Bailey and Romano Tio.
The background and experience of Messrs. Babb, Bailey and Tio are described below in “Management — Our Executive Officers and Directors.”
Our Executive Officers and Directors
The individuals listed as our executive officers below will also serve as officers and employees of our advisor. As executive officers of the advisor, they will serve to manage the day-to-day affairs and carry out the directives of our board of directors in the review, selection and recommendation of investment opportunities and operating acquired investments and monitoring the performance of those investments to ensure that they are consistent with our investment objectives. The duties that these executive officers will perform on our behalf, on the other hand, will not involve the review, selection and recommendation of investment opportunities, but rather the performance of corporate governance activities on our behalf that require the attention of one of our corporate officers, including signing certifications required under Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, as amended, for filing with the our periodic reports.
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The following table and biographical descriptions set forth certain information with respect to the individuals who are our executive officers and directors:
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R. Ramin Kamfar |
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45 |
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Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer |
James G. Babb, III |
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44 |
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President, Chief Investment Officer and Director |
Jordan B. Ruddy |
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46 |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer |
Jerold E. Novack |
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53 |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Michael L. Konig |
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48 |
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Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel |
Brian D. Bailey |
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43 |
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Independent Director |
I. Bobby Majumder |
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40 |
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Independent Director |
Romano Tio |
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48 |
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Independent Director |
R. Ramin Kamfar, Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Kamfar serves as our Chairman of the Board and Chief Executive Officer, and is the Chief Executive Officer of our advisor. He has also served as the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Bluerock since its inception in October 2002. Mr. Kamfar has approximately 20 years of experience in building operating companies, and in various aspects of real estate, mergers and acquisitions, private equity investing, investment banking, public and private financings, and retail operations.
From 1988 to 1993, Mr. Kamfar worked as an investment banker at Lehman Brothers Inc., New York, New York, where he specialized in mergers and acquisitions, corporate finance and private placements. From 1993 to 2002, Mr. Kamfar was the CEO and Chairman of New World Restaurant Group, Inc. (now known as Einstein Noah Restaurant Group, Inc (NASDAQ: BAGL)), a company he founded and grew through a consolidation and turnaround of several companies to approximately 800 locations and $400 million in gross revenues and a portfolio of brands which included Einstein Bros. ® and Noah’s NY Bagels ® . From 1999 to 2002, Mr. Kamfar served as an active investor, advisor and member of the Board of Directors of Vsource, Inc., a technology company subsequently sold to Symphony House (KL: SYMPHNY), a leading business process outsourcing company focused on the Fortune 500 and Global 500. Mr. Kamfar received an M.B.A. degree with distinction in Finance in 1988 from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a B.S. degree with distinction in Finance in 1985 from the University of Maryland located in College Park, Maryland.
James G. Babb, III, President and Chief Investment Officer. Mr. Babb serves as our President and Chief Investment Officer and is on our board of directors, and is the President and Chief Investment Officer of our advisor. Mr. Babb has also served as the Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer for Bluerock since July 2007. He oversees all real estate sourcing, diligence, structuring and acquisitions for Bluerock. He has been involved exclusively in real estate acquisition, management, financing and disposition for more than 20 years, primarily on behalf of investment funds since 1992.
From 1992 to August 2003, Mr. Babb helped lead the residential and office acquisitions initiatives for Starwood Capital Group, or Starwood Capital, most recently as a Senior Vice President. Starwood Capital was formed in 1992 and during his tenure raised and invested funds on behalf of institutional investors through seven private real estate funds, each of which had investment objectives similar to ours (but not limited to multifamily investments), and which in the aggregate ultimately invested approximately $8 billion in approximately 250 separate transactions. During such period, Mr. Babb led over 75 investment transactions totaling approximately $2.5 billion of asset value in more than 20 million square feet of residential, office and industrial properties located in 25 states and seven foreign countries, including a significant number of transactions that were contributed to the initial public offering of Equity Residential Properties Trust (NYSE: EQR), and to create i Star Financial Inc. (NYSE: SFI). Mr. Babb also led Starwood Capital’s efforts to expand its platform to invest in England and France. From August 2003 to July 2007, Mr. Babb founded his own principal investment company, Bluepoint Capital, LLC. Bluepoint was a private real estate investment company focused on the acquisition, development and/or redevelopment of residential and commercial properties in the Northeast United States and Western Europe. Mr. Babb received a B.A. degree in Economics in 1987 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.
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Jordan B. Ruddy, Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer. Jordan Ruddy serves as the Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer of our company and of our advisor. Mr. Ruddy is also the Senior Vice President — Chief Operating Officer for Bluerock, which he joined in 2002. Mr. Ruddy has 20 years of experience in real estate acquisitions, financings, management and dispositions.
From 2000 to 2001, Mr. Ruddy served as an investment banker at Banc of America Securities LLC, where he was responsible for various types of real estate investment banking transactions including equity offerings, debt placements and asset sales. From 1997 to 2000, Mr. Ruddy served as Vice President of Amerimar Enterprises, a real estate company specializing in value-added investments nationwide, where he managed acquisitions, financings, leasing, asset management and dispositions involving over 1,500,000 square feet of commercial and multifamily real estate. From 1995 to 1997, Mr. Ruddy served as an investment banker at Smith Barney Inc., where he was responsible for various types of real estate investment banking transactions including equity offerings, debt placements and asset sales. From 1988 to 1993, Mr. Ruddy served in the real estate department of The Chase Manhattan Bank, most recently as a Second Vice President. Mr. Ruddy received an M.B.A. degree in Finance and Real Estate in 1995 from The Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and a B.S. degree with high honors in Economics in 1986 from the London School of Economics, located in London, England.
Jerold E. Novack, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. Mr. Novack serves as Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of our company and our advisor. Mr. Novack has also served as the Senior Vice President — Chief Financial Officer of Bluerock since October 2004. Mr. Novack has over 25 years of experience in public and private financings, operations and management.
From June 1994 to April 2002, Mr. Novack served in senior financial positions of New World Restaurant Group, Inc. (now known as Einstein Noah Restaurant Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: BAGL)), including as its Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. From 1982 to 1993, Mr. Novack held various senior financial positions at several specialty retail chains, including Mercantile Department Stores and Brooks Fashion Stores. Mr. Novack received a B.S. degree in Accounting in 1976 from Brooklyn College, City University of New York.
Michael L. Konig, Senior Vice President, Secretary and General Counsel. Mr. Konig serves as the Senior Vice President and General Counsel of our company and our advisor. Mr. Konig has also served as counsel for Bluerock and its affiliates since December 2004. Mr. Konig has over 20 years of experience in law and business.
From 1987 to 1997, Mr. Konig was an attorney at the firms of Greenbaum Rowe Smith & Davis and Ravin Sarasohn Cook Baumgarten Fisch & Baime, representing borrowers and lenders in numerous financing transactions, primarily involving real estate, distressed real estate and Chapter 11 reorganizations, as well with respect to a broad variety of litigation and corporate law matters. From 1998 to 2002, Mr. Konig served as legal counsel, including as General Counsel, at New World Restaurant Group, Inc. (now known as Einstein Noah Restaurant Group, Inc. (NASDAQ: BAGL)). From 2002 to December 2004, Mr. Konig served as Senior Vice President of Roma Food Enterprises, Inc. where he led operations and the restructuring and sale of the privately held company with approximately $300 million in annual revenues. Mr. Konig received a J.D. degree cum laude in 1987 from California Western School of Law, located in San Diego, California, and an M.B.A. degree in Finance in 1988 from San Diego State University.
Brian D. Bailey, Independent Director. Mr. Bailey has served as one of our independent directors since January, 2009. Mr. Bailey has more than 15 years of experience in sourcing, evaluating, structuring and managing private investments, as well as 8 years of experience with real estate and real estate-related debt financing. Mr. Bailey currently serves as a Senior Advisor of Carousel Capital LLC, a private equity investment firm with more than $500 million of capital commitments under management based in Charlotte, North Carolina. From April 2000 to December 2008, Mr. Bailey served as a Managing Partner of Carousel Capital. Since its inception, Carousel has made portfolio investments in more than 25 operating companies and has completed numerous additional acquisitions and financings related to these portfolio companies, including sale leaseback transactions, and has utilized such financings in several of its investments. Mr. Bailey’s duties at Carousel Capital included sourcing and evaluating investment opportunities, managing the firm’s investment process, serving on the firm’s Investment Committee, managing the firm’s fundraising efforts and communications with its limited partners and Board of Advisors, and serving as a director on the boards of certain portfolio companies, some of which have meaningful real estate assets on their balance sheets. Thus, Mr. Bailey has been involved in the management of numerous real estate issues over the course of his involvement with such portfolio companies . From 1999 to 2000, Mr. Bailey was a team member of Forstmann Little & Co., a leading
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private equity firm in New York, New York. From 1996 to 1999, Mr. Bailey was a Principal at the Carlyle Group in Washington, D.C., a global private equity firm which manages approximately $90 billion in capital. Earlier in his career, Mr. Bailey worked in the leveraged buyout group at CS First Boston in New York, New York and in the mergers and acquisitions group at Bowles Hollowell Conner & Company in Charlotte, North Carolina. Mr. Bailey has also worked in the public sector, as Assistant to the Deputy Chief of Staff and Special Assistant to the President at the White House from 1994 to 1996 and as Director of Strategic Planning and Policy at the U.S. Small Business Administration in 1994. He currently serves as a director of the Telecommunications Development Fund, a private equity investment fund headquartered in Washington, DC, and as a trustee at the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics. Mr. Bailey received a B.A. degree in Mathematics and Economics in 1988 from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill and an M.B.A. degree in 1992 from the Stanford Graduate School of Business, located in Stanford, California.
I. Bobby Majumder, Independent Director. Mr. Majumder has served as one of our independent directors since January 2009. Mr. Majumder became a partner at the law firm of K&L Gates LLP in May 2005, where he specializes in corporate and securities transactions with an emphasis on the representation of underwriters, placement agents and issuers in both public and private offerings, private investment in public equity (PIPE) transactions and venture capital and private equity funds. From January 2000 to April 2005, Mr. Majumder was a partner at the firm of Gardere Wynne Sewell LLP . Through his law practice, Mr. Majumder has gained significant experience relating to the acquisition of a number of types of real property assets including raw land, improved real estate and oil and gas interests . He is an active member of the Park Cities Rotary Club, a charter member of the Dallas Chapter of The Indus Entrepreneurs and an Associates Board member of the Cox School of Business at Southern Methodist University. Mr. Majumder received a J.D. degree in 1993 from Washington and Lee University School of Law, located in Lexington, Virginia, and a B.A. degree in 1990 from Trinity University, located in San Antonio, Texas.
Romano Tio, Independent Director. Mr. Tio has served as one of our independent directors since January 2009. Mr. Tio serves as Managing Director at RM Capital Management LLC, a boutique investment and advisory firm focused on investing in distressed commercial mortgages at discounts that provide attractive risk adjusted returns. From January 2008 to May 2009, Mr. Tio served as a Managing Director and co-head of the commercial real estate efforts of HCP Real Estate Investors, LLC, an affiliate of Harbinger Capital Partners Funds, a $10+ billion private investment firm specializing in event/distressed strategies . From August 2003 until December 2007, Mr. Tio was a Managing Director at Carlton Group Ltd., a boutique real estate investment banking firm where he was involved in over $2.5 billion worth of commercial real estate transactions. Earlier in his career, Mr. Tio was involved in real estate sales and brokerage for 25 years . Mr. Tio received a B.S. degree in Biochemistry in 1982 from Hofstra University located in Hempstead, New York.
Our Advisor
We are externally managed and advised by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC. Our officers and two of our directors are also officers of our advisor. Our advisor is primarily responsible for managing our day-to-day business affairs and assets and carrying out the directives of our board of directors. Our advisor has contractual and fiduciary responsibilities to us and our stockholders. Bluerock serves as the manager of our advisor. Our advisor will conduct our operations and manage our portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments. We have no paid employees.
The executive officers of our advisor are as follows:
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R. Ramin Kamfar |
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Chief Executive Officer |
James G. Babb, III |
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President and Chief Investment Officer |
Jordan B. Ruddy |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Operating Officer |
Jerold E. Novack |
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Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |
Michael L. Konig |
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Senior Vice President and General Counsel |
Philip Mendlow |
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Senior Vice President — Development Projects |
The background and experience of Messrs. Kamfar, Babb, Novack, Ruddy and Konig are described above in “Management — Our Executive Officers and Directors.”
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Philip Mendlow, Senior Vice President — Development Projects. Philip Mendlow serves as Senior Vice President — Development Projects of our advisor. He has served in the same role for Bluerock since July 2007. Mr. Mendlow has been an active real estate investor and builder since 1979 in projects ranging from condominium conversion of rental housing to the planning and construction of suburban planned unit development. Mr. Mendlow’s efforts have included both the renovation and repositioning of existing properties and new construction of infill and high-rise apartment buildings. As principal in charge of projects comprising more than 700 dwelling units with a current market valuation in excess of $350 million, Mr. Mendlow has gained operative knowledge and extensive experience in all aspects of real estate development, including development property identification and assessment, zoning and planning evaluation, supervision of the approval process for both as-of-right and non-conforming uses, product mix and market positioning, unit layout and design, architectural design, cost/value analysis, construction estimating, construction management and critical path planning, labor union negotiation, supervision and coordination of trades, acquisition, construction and take-out financing, on-site sales office management and training, creation and implementation of condominium legal documentation, post-closing quality and customer satisfaction assurance, and negotiation of commercial leases. Mr. Mendlow received a B.A. degree summa cum laude in physiological psychology in 1970 from New York University, located in New York, New York.
Our Sponsor — Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C.
Bluerock is a national real estate investment firm headquartered in Manhattan with regional offices in Phoenix, Arizona and Southfield, Michigan. Bluerock focuses on acquiring, managing, developing and syndicating stabilized, value-added and opportunistic multifamily and commercial properties throughout the United States. Bluerock and its principals have collectively sponsored or structured real estate transactions totaling approximately 25 million square feet and with approximately $3 billion in value. Bluerock currently serves as the manager of three private real estate funds. Mr. Kamfar controls Bluerock. Mr. Babb is Bluerock’s Chief Investment Officer and a Managing Director. Mr. Babb has been involved exclusively in real estate acquisition, management, financing and disposition for more than 20 years, primarily on behalf of investment funds since 1992, including as a founder and Senior Vice President of Starwood Capital, an investment management firm specializing in real estate and real estate-related investments on behalf of institutional investors. Mr. Babb is the President and Chief Investment Officer of our company and of our advisor. See “— Our Advisor’s Chief Investment Officer.”
Our Advisor’s Chief Investment Officer
Mr. Babb is the President and Chief Investment Officer of our company and of our advisor. Prior to his tenure with Bluerock, Mr. Babb was a founder and Senior Vice President of Starwood Capital where he was involved in the formation of the Starwood Funds with investment objectives similar to ours (but not focused solely on apartment sector investments) and that have invested an aggregate of approximately $8 billion (including equity, debt and investment of income and sales proceeds) in approximately 250 separate transactions. During his tenure with Starwood Capital, Mr. Babb either personally led or shared investment responsibility for the following:
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Starwood Funds: |
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The structuring of over 75 real estate investment transactions totaling $2.5 billion of asset value in transactions comprising more than 20 million square feet of residential, office and industrial properties located in 25 states and seven foreign countries; |
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The first two Starwood Funds were almost exclusively focused on multifamily assets, acquired primarily through the purchase of equity and distressed debt from the Resolution Trust Corporation, the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, various savings and loan associations, over-leveraged partnerships and tax-exempt bondholders during the real estate credit crunch of the early 1990s. A significant number of the properties were later contributed to the initial public offerings of Equity Residential Properties Trust (NYSE: EQR), the nation’s largest multifamily REIT at that time; |
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Starwood Hotels & Resorts Worldwide, Inc. (NYSE: HOT): |
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Substantially all of the hotel investments made by a global owner/operator of hotels with brands such as Sheraton, Westin, the St. Regis Luxury Collection, and the W, which incorporated an “Enhanced” strategy to |
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transform the concept of a hotel from a functional product to a lifestyle product in order to increase room rates, market share, and customer loyalty; |
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i Star Financial (NYSE: SFI): |
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The creation and launch of a separate private fund focused on tailored high-yield debt and debt/equity investments backed by commercial real estate, many with control or participation features that enabled the fund to enhance yield at a lower risk profile in the capital structure, in addition to acquiring commercial bank debt obligations that were restructured or converted to an ownership position at substantial discounts to replacement cost. The investments in the fund were subsequently used to sponsor the public offering of i Star Financial, the largest publicly owned finance company at that time focused exclusively on commercial real estate; |
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Through the Starwood Funds, raising over $2.6 billion of equity from third-party investors, including such firms as: |
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Pennsylvania State Employees’ Retirement System (PSERS) |
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Allstate Insurance Company |
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New York State Teacher’s Retirement System (NYSTRS) |
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Bellsouth Corp. (now AT&T) |
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Howard Hughes Medical Institute |
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The Walt Disney Company |
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General Motors Corp. |
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Teachers Retirement System of Louisiana |
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University of North Carolina Endowment |
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Sun America Life |
None of the institutional investors named in this prospectus have endorsed this offering. By including their names, we do not suggest that any of these investors approved of the services provided by any affiliate of our advisor. We included their names only for purposes of your evaluation of the experience and reputation of certain officers of our advisor. You should also note that we believe that the institutional investors named in this prospectus and that invested in the Starwood Funds or private programs sponsored by Bluerock are more likely to invest in offerings that can be conducted with lower offering expenses than those found in a public offering, such as this one, in which the securities are sold by participating broker-dealers on a best-efforts basis. If institutional investors do participate in this offering, they would likely invest in amounts entitling them to volume discounts such that their returns, if any, would likely be greater than those who purchase shares in this offering at $10 per share.
In addition, you should note that Bluerock has not sponsored the funds and programs formed or participated in by Mr. Babb, and you should not assume that you will experience returns comparable to those experienced by investors in those programs, or that the investment opportunities similar to those available to those programs will be available to us. Investors who purchase shares of our common stock will not thereby acquire any ownership interest in Starwood Capital or the Starwood Funds, and the information presented here regarding Starwood Capital and Starwood Funds is provided solely for you to evaluate Mr. Babb’s experience and expertise.
Compensation of Directors and Officers
Director Compensation
We intend to pay each of our independent directors an annual retainer of $25,000. In addition, we will pay our independent directors $2,500 in cash per board meeting attended, $2,000 in cash for each committee meeting attended, and $1,000 in cash for each teleconference meeting of the board or any committee. All directors will receive reimbursement of reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attendance at meetings of the board of directors.
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We intend to approve and adopt an independent directors compensation plan, which will operate as a sub-plan of our Incentive Plan as described below. Under the independent directors compensation plan and subject to such plan’s conditions and restrictions, each of our current independent directors will receive, in connection with the commencement of this offering, 5,000 shares of restricted stock. Going forward, each new independent director that joins the board will receive 5,000 shares of restricted stock upon election or appointment to the board. In addition, on the date following an independent director’s re-election to the board, he or she will receive 2,500 shares of restricted stock. Restricted stock will generally vest as to 20% of the shares on the date of grant and as to 20% of the shares on each of the first four anniversaries of the date of grant. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the restricted stock will become fully vested on the earlier occurrence of (1) the termination of the grantee’s service as a director due to his or her death, disability or termination without cause or (2) the occurrence of a change in our control.
Executive Officer Compensation
We do not currently have any employees and our company’s executive officers are employed by our advisor. We will not reimburse our advisor for compensation paid to our executive officials. Officers will be eligible for awards under our Incentive Plan, however, we currently do not intend to grant any such awards. As of the commencement of this offering, no awards have been granted to our executive officers under our Incentive Plan.
The Advisory Agreement
Under the terms of the advisory agreement, our advisor will use its reasonable efforts to present us with investment opportunities that provide a continuing and suitable investment program for us consistent with our investment policies and objectives as adopted by our board of directors. Pursuant to the advisory agreement, our advisor will manage our day-to-day operations, retain the property managers for our property investments (subject to the authority of our board of directors and officers) and perform other duties, including:
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finding, presenting and recommending to us real estate investment opportunities consistent with our investment policies and objectives; |
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structuring the terms and conditions of our real estate investments, sales and joint ventures; |
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acquiring properties and other investments on our behalf in compliance with our investment objectives and policies; |
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sourcing and structuring our loan originations; |
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arranging for financing and refinancing of properties and our other investments; |
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entering into leases and service contracts for our properties; |
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supervising and evaluating each property manager’s performance; |
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reviewing and analyzing the properties’ operating and capital budgets; |
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assisting us in obtaining insurance; |
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generating an annual budget for us; |
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reviewing and analyzing financial information for each of our assets and the overall portfolio; |
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formulating and overseeing the implementation of strategies for the administration, promotion, management, operation, maintenance, improvement, financing and refinancing, marketing, leasing and disposition of our properties and other investments; |
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performing investor-relations services; |
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maintaining our accounting and other records and assisting us in filing all reports required to be filed with the SEC, the IRS and other regulatory agencies; |
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engaging and supervising the performance of our agents, including our registrar and transfer agent; and |
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performing any other services reasonably requested by us. |
The advisory agreement has a one-year term but may be renewed for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods upon the mutual consent of our advisor and us. Additionally, either party may terminate the advisory agreement without penalty upon 60 days’ written notice and, in such event, our advisor must cooperate with us and our directors in making an orderly transition of the advisory function. Upon termination of the advisory agreement,
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our advisor may be entitled to previously earned but unpaid fees and to convert the convertible stock it holds. See “Management Compensation” for a detailed discussion of the fees payable to our advisor under the advisory agreement. We also describe in that section our obligation to reimburse our advisor for organization and offering expenses, the costs of providing services to us (other than for services for which it earns specified fees) and payments made by our advisor to third parties in connection with potential investments.
Our advisor and its affiliates may engage in other business ventures, and, as a result, they will not dedicate their resources exclusively to our business. However, pursuant to the advisory agreement, our advisor must devote sufficient resources to our business to discharge its obligations to us. Our advisor may assign the advisory agreement to an affiliate upon our approval. We may assign or transfer the advisory agreement to a successor entity.
Our advisor is subject to the supervision of our board of directors and, except as expressly provided in the advisory agreement, has only such additional functions as are delegated to it. In addition, our advisor will have a fiduciary duty to our company’s stockholders. A copy of the advisory agreement has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part, and you may obtain a copy from us.
Other Services
In addition to the services described above to be provided by our advisor and its affiliates, affiliates of our advisor may provide other property-level services to our company and may receive compensation for such services, including leasing, loan servicing, property tax reduction and risk management fees. However, under no circumstances will such compensation exceed an amount that would be paid to non-affiliated third parties for similar services. A majority of the independent directors must approve all compensation for such other services paid to our advisor or any of its affiliates.
Annual Determination of Fees and Expenses by Independent Directors
The independent directors will determine, from time to time but at least annually, that the total fees and expenses of our company are reasonable in light of our investment performance, our net assets, our net income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. This determination will be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of our board of directors. For purposes of this determination, net assets are our company’s total assets, other than intangibles, calculated at cost before deducting depreciation, bad debt or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities and computed at least quarterly on a consistently-applied basis.
In addition, the independent directors will determine from time to time, but at least annually, that the compensation that we contract to pay to our advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of the services performed and that such compensation is within the limits prescribed by any applicable state regulatory authorities. The independent directors will also supervise the performance of our advisor and the compensation paid to it to determine that the provisions of the advisory agreement are being carried out. The independent directors will base each determination on the factors set forth below and other factors that they deem relevant. This determination also will be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the board of directors. Such factors include:
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the size of the advisory fee in relation to the size, composition and profitability of our portfolio of properties; |
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the success of our advisor in generating opportunities that meet our investment objectives; |
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the fees charged to similar REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing similar services; |
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additional revenues realized by our advisor and any affiliate through their relationship with us, including real estate commissions, servicing and other fees, whether paid by us or by others with whom we do business; |
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the quality and extent of the service and advice furnished by our advisor; |
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the performance of our portfolio of properties, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations; and |
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the quality of our portfolio of properties in relationship to the investments generated by our advisor for its own account or for the account of other entities it advises. |
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Possible Internalization
Many REITs that are listed on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on a national market system are considered “self-administered” because the employees of the REIT perform all significant management functions. In contrast, REITs that are not self-administered, like our company, typically engage a third-party to perform management functions on its behalf. Accordingly, if we apply to have our shares listed for trading on a national securities exchange or included for quotation on a national market system, it may be in our best interest to become self-administered. The method by which we could internalize these functions could involve one of several different forms. If the independent directors determine that we should become self-administered, the advisory agreement contemplates the internalization of our advisor into our company and the termination of the advisory agreement and property management agreement, with the consideration in such internalization and for such termination to be determined by our company and our advisor. In the event our advisor is internalized into our company, many of our advisor’s key employees will become employees of our company. In such an internalization transaction, there is no assurance that we will realize the perceived benefits of such a transaction or that we will be able to integrate a new staff of managers or employees. While we would then be relieved of paying fees to our advisor under the advisory agreement, we would be required to pay the salaries of our advisor’s employees and related costs and expenses formerly absorbed by our advisor under the advisory agreement. Finally, internalization transactions have been the subject of litigation, and defending against claims from such litigation could reduce the amounts available for investment. See “Risk Factors — Investment Risks — If we internalize our management functions, the percentage of our outstanding common stock owned by our other stockholders could be reduced, and we could incur other significant costs associated with being self-managed.”
Incentive Stock Plan
We intend to approve and adopt the Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. Long Term Incentive Plan, which we refer to as the Incentive Plan, in order to enable us to (1) provide an incentive to our employees, officers, directors, and consultants and employees and officers of our advisor to increase the value of our common stock, (2) give such persons a stake in our future that corresponds to the stake of each of our stockholders, and (3) obtain or retain the services of these persons who are considered essential to our long-term success, by offering such persons an opportunity to participate in our growth through ownership of our common stock or through other equity-related awards. We currently intend to issue awards only to our independent directors under our Incentive Plan (which awards will be granted under the sub-plan as discussed above under “— Compensation of Directors and Officers”).
We intend to reserve and authorize an aggregate number of 2,000,000 shares of our common stock for issuance under the Incentive Plan. In the event of a transaction between our company and our stockholders that causes the per-share value of our common stock to change (including, without limitation, any stock dividend, stock split, spin-off, rights offering, or large nonrecurring cash dividend), the share authorization limits under the Incentive Plan will be adjusted proportionately, and the board of directors must make such adjustments to the Incentive Plan and awards as it deems necessary, in its sole discretion, to prevent dilution or enlargement of rights immediately resulting from such transaction. In the event of a stock split, a stock dividend or a combination or consolidation of the outstanding shares of common stock into a lesser number of shares, the authorization limits under the Incentive Plan will automatically be adjusted proportionately, and the shares then subject to each award will automatically be adjusted proportionately without any change in the aggregate purchase price.
Our board of directors, or a committee of the board, will administer the Incentive Plan, with sole authority to determine all of the terms and conditions of the awards, including whether the grant, vesting or settlement of awards may be subject to the attainment of one or more performance goals. The Incentive Plan provides for the granting of awards in the following forms to persons selected by the plan administrator for participation in the Incentive Plan:
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options to purchase shares of our common stock, which may be designated under the Code as nonstatutory stock options (which may be granted to all participants) or incentive stock options (which may be granted to officers and employees but not to non-employee directors); |
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stock appreciation rights, which give the holder the right to receive the difference (payable in cash or stock, as specified in the award certificate) between the fair market value per share of our common stock on the date of exercise over the base price of the award; |
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restricted stock, which is subject to restrictions on transferability and other restrictions set by the plan administrator; |
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restricted or deferred stock units, which represent the right to receive shares of stock (or an equivalent value in cash or other property, as specified in the award certificate) in the future, based upon the attainment of stated vesting or performance criteria in the case of restricted stock units; |
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performance awards, which are awards payable in cash or stock upon the attainment of specified performance goals (any award that may be granted under the plan may be granted in the form of a performance award); |
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dividend equivalents, which entitle the holder of a full-value award to cash payments (or an equivalent value payable in stock or other property) equal to any dividends paid on the shares of stock underlying the full-value award; |
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other stock based awards in the discretion of the plan administrator, including unrestricted stock grants; and/or |
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cash-based awards. |
Any stock options and stock appreciation rights granted under the Incentive Plan will have an exercise price or base price that is not less than the fair market value of our common stock on the date of grant.
As described above under “— Compensation of Directors and Officers”, the board of directors intends to adopt a sub-plan to provide for regular grants of restricted stock to our independent directors.
No awards will be granted under either plan if the grant or vesting of the awards would jeopardize our status as a REIT under the Code or otherwise violate the ownership and transfer restrictions imposed under our charter. Unless otherwise determined by our board of directors, no award granted under the Incentive Plan will be transferable except through the laws of descent and distribution.
The Incentive Plan will automatically expire on the tenth anniversary of the date on which it is adopted, unless extended or earlier terminated by our board of directors. Our board of directors may terminate the Incentive Plan at any time. The expiration or other termination of the Incentive Plan will have no adverse impact on any award previously granted. The board of directors may amend the Incentive Plan at any time, but no amendment will adversely affect any award previously granted, and no amendment to the Incentive Plan will be effective without the approval of our stockholders if such approval is required by any law, regulation or rule applicable to the Incentive Plan.
Limited Liability and Indemnification of Directors, Officers, Employees and Other Agents
Our charter limits the personal liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages and requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, our officers, our advisor and its affiliates except to the extent prohibited by the Maryland General Corporation Law and as set forth below.
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law, a Maryland corporation may limit in its charter the liability of directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages unless such liability results from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
In addition, the Maryland General Corporation Law allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and expenses actually incurred in a proceeding unless the following can be established:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding, and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
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with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful. |
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However, under the Maryland General Corporation Law, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
Finally, the Maryland General Corporation Law permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
However, our charter provides that a director, our advisor and any affiliate of our advisor will be indemnified by us for losses suffered by such person and held harmless for losses suffered by us only if all of the following conditions are met:
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the party seeking indemnification has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in our best interests; |
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the party seeking indemnification was acting on our behalf or performing services for us; |
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in the case of an independent director, the liability or loss was not the result of gross negligence or willful misconduct by the independent director; |
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in the case of a non-independent director, our advisor or one of its affiliates, the liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the party seeking indemnification; and |
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the indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from the stockholders. |
The SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and unenforceable. Furthermore, our charter prohibits the indemnification of our directors, our advisor, its affiliates or any person acting as a broker-dealer for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
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there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations; |
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such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction; or |
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a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which the securities were offered as to indemnification for violations of securities laws. |
Our charter further provides that the advancement of funds to our directors and to our advisor and its affiliates for reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied: the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on our behalf; the person seeking the advancement has provided us with written affirmation of such person’s good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification has been met; the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or, if by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement; and the person seeking the advancement undertakes in a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by us, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that such person is not entitled to indemnification.
We will also purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of all of our directors and executive officers against liability asserted against or incurred by them in their official capacities with us, whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against the same liability.
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The Compensation Table below outlines all the compensation that we will pay to our advisor and its affiliates, the dealer manager and the broker-dealers participating in this offering during the stages in the life of our company and other payments that are subordinated to achieving the returns listed in the table.
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Method of Compensation |
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Estimated Amount of
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Offering Stage |
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Selling Commissions(2) |
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We will pay the dealer manager up to 7.0% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering, a portion of which will be reallowed to participating broker-dealers. No selling commissions are payable on shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan. |
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$175,000/$70,000,000 |
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Dealer Manager Fee(2) |
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We will pay the dealer manager 2.6% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering. No dealer manager fee is payable on shares sold under the distribution reinvestment plan. The dealer manager expects to reallow a portion of the dealer manager fee to participating broker-dealers. |
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$65,000/$26,000,000 |
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Additional Underwriting Expenses |
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Our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, underwriting expenses (in addition to selling commissions and the dealer manager fee) but only to the extent that such payments would not cause the total amount of underwriting compensation paid in connection with this offering to exceed 10.0% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of termination. If we sell all shares in our primary offering through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fee, then we will pay additional underwriting expenses up to a maximum of 0.4% of gross proceeds of our primary offering. These additional underwriting expenses may include (a) amounts used to reimburse our dealer manager for actual costs incurred by its FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging to attend retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (b) sponsorship fees for seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers; (c) amounts used to reimburse broker-dealers, including our dealer manager, for the actual costs incurred by their FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals and lodging in connection with attending bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates; (d) legal fees allocated to our dealer manager; and (e) certain promotional items. |
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$10,000/$4,000,000 |
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Issuer Organization and Offering Costs(3) |
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Our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, issuer organization and offering costs incurred on our behalf, but only to the extent that such reimbursements do not exceed actual expenses incurred by our advisor or its affiliates and would not cause the cumulative selling commissions, dealer manager fee, additional underwriting expenses and issuer organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed 15.0% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of the reimbursement. We estimate such expenses will be approximately 1.5% of the gross proceeds of the primary offering if the maximum offering is sold. |
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$125,000/$15,000,000 |
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Acquisition and Development Stage |
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Acquisition Fees(4) |
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For its services in connection with the selection, due diligence and acquisition of a property or investment, our advisor will receive an acquisition fee equal to 1.75% of the purchase price. The purchase price of a property or investment shall equal the amount paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property, inclusive of expenses related thereto, and the amount of debt associated with such property or investment. The purchase price allocable for a joint venture investment shall equal the product of (1) the purchase price of the underlying property and (2) our ownership percentage in the joint venture. With respect to investments in and originations of loans, we will pay an origination fee in lieu of an acquisition fee. |
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$29,750/$16,380,000 (assuming no debt)/ $119,000/$65,520,000 (assuming leverage of 75% of the cost). |
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Method of Compensation |
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Estimated Amount of
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Origination Fees(4) |
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For its services in connection with the selection, due diligence and acquisition or origination of mortgage, subordinated, bridge or other loans, our advisor or its affiliate(s) will receive an origination fee equal to 1.75% of the greater of the amount funded by us to originate such loans or of the purchase price of any loan we purchase, including third-party expenses. We will not pay an acquisition fee with respect to such loans. |
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$7,438/$4,095,000 (assuming no debt)/ $29,750/$16,380,000 (assuming leverage of 75% of the cost). |
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Operating Stage |
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Asset Management Fee |
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We will pay our advisor a monthly asset management fee for managing our day-to-day assets and operations, which will be equal to one-twelfth of 1% of the higher of the cost or the value of each asset, where (A) cost equals the amount actually paid, excluding acquisition fees and expenses, to purchase each asset we acquire, including any debt attributable to the asset (including debt encumbering the asset after its acquisition), provided that, with respect to any properties we develop, construct or improve, cost will include the amount expended by us for the development, construction or improvement, and (B) the value of an asset is the fair market value established by the most recent independent valuation report, without reduction for depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves; provided, however, that 50% of the advisor’s asset management fee will not be payable until stockholders have received distributions in an amount equal to at least a 6.0% per annum cumulative, non-compounded return on invested capital, at which time all such amounts will become due and payable. For these purposes, “invested capital” means the original issue price paid for the shares of our common stock reduced by prior distributions identified as special distributions from the sale of our assets. The asset management fee will be based only on the portion of the cost or value attributable to our investment in an asset if we do not own all of an asset. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the assets we acquire and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Property Management Fee |
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We will pay Bluerock REIT Property Management, LLC, a wholly-owned subsidiary of our advisor, a property management fee equal to 4% of the monthly gross revenues from any properties it manages. Alternatively, we may contract property manager services for certain properties directly to non-affiliated third parties, in which event we will pay our advisor an oversight fee equal to 1% of monthly gross revenues of such properties. |
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Actual amounts to be paid depend upon the gross revenues of the properties and, therefore cannot, be determined at the present time. |
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Financing Fee |
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We will pay our advisor a financing fee equal to 1% of the amount available under any loan or line of credit made available to us. The advisor may reallow some or all of this fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure such financing for us. determined at the present time. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the amount of indebtedness incurred to acquire an investment and, therefore, cannot be |
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Reimbursable Expenses(4) |
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We will reimburse our advisor or its affiliates for all reasonable and actually incurred expenses in connection with the services provided to us, including related personnel, rent, utilities and information technology costs. |
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Actual amounts to be paid depend upon expenses paid or incurred and therefore cannot be determined now. |
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Estimated Amount of
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Disposition/Liquidation/Listing Stage |
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Disposition Fee(5) |
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To the extent it provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the disposition of one or more of our properties or investments (except for securities that are traded on a national securities exchange), our advisor will receive fees equal to the lesser of (A) 1.5% of the sales price of each property or other investment sold or (B) 50% of the selling commission that would have been paid to a third-party sales broker in connection with such disposition. However, in no event may the disposition fees paid to our advisor or its affiliates and to unaffiliated third parties exceed in the aggregate 6.0% of the contract sales price. |
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Actual amounts depend upon the sale price of investments and, therefore, cannot be determined at the present time. |
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Common Stock Issuable Upon Conversion of Convertible Stock |
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Our convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock if and when: (A) we have made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares; or (B) subject to the conditions described below, we list our common stock for trading on a national securities exchange. For these
purposes and elsewhere in this prospectus, a “listing” which will result in conversion of our convertible stock to common stock also will be deemed to have occurred on the effective date of any merger of our company in which the consideration received by the holders of our common stock is cash and/or the securities of another issuer that
are listed on a national securities exchange.
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Actual amounts depend on the value of our company at the time the convertible stock converts or becomes convertible and therefore cannot be determined at the present time. |
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(1) |
The estimated minimum dollar amounts are based on the sale of the minimum of $2,500,000 in shares to the public and the maximum dollar amounts are based on the sale of the maximum of $1,000,000,000 in shares to the public, and an additional $285,000,000 in shares through our distribution reinvestment plan. |
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(2) |
All or a portion of the selling commissions or, in some cases, the dealer manager fee may be reduced or waived in connection with certain categories of sales, such as sales for which a volume discount applies, sales through investment advisors or banks acting as trustees of fiduciaries, sales to our affiliates and sales under our distribution reinvestment plan. See “Plan of Distribution.” |
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(3) |
“Issuer Organization and Offering Costs” include all organization and offering expenses (other than selling commissions, the dealer manager fee and additional underwriting expenses) to be paid by us in connection with the offering, including our legal, accounting, printing, mailing, technology, filing fees, charges of our escrow holder and transfer agent, charges of our advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of shares in the offering, amounts to reimburse costs in connection with preparing supplemental sales materials, and reimbursements for actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging by employees of our advisor and its affiliates to attend retail seminars hosted by broker-dealers and bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates. |
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(4) |
We will not reimburse our advisor for any amount by which our total operating expenses (including the asset management fee) at the end of the four preceding fiscal quarters exceeds the greater of: (A) 2% of our average invested assets, or (B) 25% of our net income determined (1) without reduction for any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and (2) excluding any gain from the sale of our assets for that period. We will not reimburse for personnel costs in connection with services for which our advisor receives acquisition, origination or disposition fees. In addition, our charter limits our ability to make or purchase property or other investments if the total of all acquisition or origination fees and expenses relating to the investment exceed 6% of the contract purchase price or 6% of the total funds advanced. “Average invested assets” means the average monthly book value of our assets during the 12-month period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Charter Imposed Investment Limitations.” “Total operating expenses” means all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (1) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, wholesaling, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of our stock; (2) interest payments; (3) taxes; (4) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (5) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain in the sale of our assets; and (6) acquisition fees, origination fees, acquisition and origination expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the resale of property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, origination, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property). If we have already reimbursed our advisor for such excess operating expenses, our advisor will be required to repay such amount to us. Notwithstanding the above, we may reimburse our advisor for expenses in excess of this limitation if a majority of the independent directors determines that such excess expenses are justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. |
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Although we are most likely to pay disposition fees to our advisor or an affiliate in the event of our liquidation, these fees may also be earned during our operational stage. In addition, the disposition fee paid upon the sale of any assets other than real property will be included in the calculation of operating expenses for purposes of the limitation on total operating expenses described above. |
In addition to the services described above to be provided by our advisor and its affiliates, affiliates of our advisor may provide other property-level services to our company and may receive compensation for such services, including leasing, loan servicing, property tax reduction, development, construction management and risk management fees. However, under no circumstances will such compensation exceed an amount that would be paid to non-affiliated third parties for similar services. A majority of the independent directors must approve all compensation for such other services paid to our advisor or any of its affiliates.
We do not intend to pay our affiliates in shares of our common stock or units of limited partnership interests in our operating partnership for the services they provide to us, but we reserve the right to do so if our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors, determines that it is prudent to do so under the circumstances.
In those instances in which there are maximum amounts or ceilings on the compensation which may be received by our advisor for services rendered, our advisor may not recover any amounts in excess of such ceilings or maximum amounts for those services by reclassifying such services under a different compensation or fee category.
Limitation on Operating Expenses
In the absence of a showing to the contrary, satisfactory to a majority of our independent directors, our total operating expenses will be deemed to be excessive if, in any fiscal year, they exceed the greater of:
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2% of our average invested assets; or |
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25% of our net income for such year. |
Absent a satisfactory rationale, the independent directors have a fiduciary responsibility to limit such expenses to amounts that do not exceed these limitations.
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Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter for which our total operating expenses for the 12 months then ended exceeded the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of net income, we will send our stockholders a written disclosure of such fact. Our advisor will reimburse us at the end of the calendar year the amount by which the aggregate annual expenses paid or incurred by us exceed the limitations provided above, if such excess amount is not approved by a majority of our independent directors.
Total operating expenses include aggregate expenses of every character paid or incurred by us as determined under GAAP, including the fees we pay to our advisor. However, total operating expenses do not include:
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the expenses we incur in raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting, wholesaling, underwriting, brokerage, listing registration and other such fees, printing and other expenses, and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of our stock; |
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interest payments; |
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taxes; |
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non-cash expenditures, such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; |
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reasonable incentive fees based on the gain from the sale of our assets, if any; and |
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acquisition fees, origination fees, acquisition and origination expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on resale of properties and other expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, mortgage loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property). |
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Prior Investment Programs
The information presented in this section represents the historical experience of real estate programs sponsored by Bluerock. These are all private programs as Bluerock has sponsored no public programs. Investors in this offering should not assume that they will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in any of Bluerock’s prior programs. Investors who purchase our shares will not acquire any ownership interest in any of the programs discussed in this section.
The information in this section and in the Prior Performance Tables included in this prospectus as Exhibit A shows relevant summary information concerning Bluerock-sponsored programs as of December 31, 2008.
The Prior Performance Tables included in this prospectus as Exhibit A sets forth information as of December 31, 2008 regarding certain of these prior programs regarding: (1) experience in raising and investing funds (Table I); (2) compensation to Bluerock or its affiliate (separate and distinct from any return on its investment) (Table II); (3) annual operating results (Table III); (4) results of completed programs (Table IV); (5) results of sales or disposals of property (Table V). We will furnish copies of Table VI to any prospective investor upon request and without charge.
Private Programs
As of December 31, 2008, Bluerock was the sponsor of seven private programs that had closed offerings in the prior three years (see Table I). One program (Woodlands I, LLC closed prior to December 31, 2005) had been completed (see Tables III, IV and V).
As a percentage of acquisition and development costs, the diversification of these properties by geographic area is as follows:
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22.0 |
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16.4 |
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As a percentage of acquisition and development costs, the diversification of these properties by asset class is as follows:
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As a percentage of acquisition and development costs, 89.0% was spent on existing or used residential and office properties, and 11.0% was spent on land acquired for development.
As of December 31, 2008, one of these programs had sold the properties it had purchased, or approximately 5.5% of all Bluerock programs closed within the prior five year period. The original purchase price of the office properties sold was approximately $14.8 million, and the aggregate sales price was approximately $19.3 million.
Bluerock directly or indirectly contributed the necessary equity to acquire the properties for these programs (ten programs in total with similar investment objectives, including the three multifamily residential properties acquired in 2008 which have not yet closed as of the date of this prospectus and the results of which are not included in the Prior Performance Tables, except for certain information contained in Table VI) and the remaining portion was typically borrowed on a non-recourse basis with the properties purchased serving as collateral for the borrowings. Investors in these programs were not entitled to approve property acquisitions sales or refinancings. The equity ultimately contributed by the incoming investors for the eight programs closed within five years of December 31, 2008 typically accounted for approximately 25% to 45% of the entity’s total capital.
An affiliate of Bluerock serves (or, in the case of the completed programs, served) as either property manager or asset manager for each of its programs.
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In addition to these programs with similar investment objectives, a notes program sponsored by Bluerock offered notes to be issued by a limited liability company affiliated with Bluerock. The issuer borrowed funds from investors, who invested in the issuer’s notes. The issuer in turn contributed the note offering proceeds to a subsidiary for investment in real estate or real estate-related debt and investments. Investors in the notes program made loans to the issuer by investing in its notes, and did not acquire equity interests therein.
As of December 31, 2008, Bluerock through this notes program had raised approximately $11.8 million from 179 investors. Including interest accrued through December 31, 2008, a total of approximately $10.9 million of those proceeds had been invested principally with other Bluerock affiliates.
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Our management will be subject to various conflicts of interest arising out of our relationship with our advisor and the advisor’s affiliates. Our independent directors have an obligation to function on our behalf in all situations in which a conflict of interest may arise and will have a fiduciary obligation to act on behalf of the stockholders. The material conflicts of interest are discussed below.
Competition for the Time and Service of Our Advisor and Its Affiliates
We rely on our advisor and its affiliates to select our properties and manage our assets and daily operations. Many of the same persons serve as directors, officers and employees of our company, our advisor and its affiliates. We estimate that our officers will devote between 25 and 75% of their time to our business. This amount will vary from week to week depending on our needs and the status of this offering, as well as the needs of our affiliates for which our officers perform functions. Certain of our advisor’s affiliates, including its principals, are presently, and plan in the future to continue to be, and our advisor plans in the future to be, involved with real estate programs and activities which are unrelated to us. As a result of these activities, our advisor, its employees and certain of its affiliates will have conflicts of interest in allocating their time between us and other activities in which they are or may become involved. Our advisor and its employees will devote only as much of their time to our business as our advisor, in its judgment, determines is reasonably required, which may be substantially less than their full time. Therefore, our advisor and its employees may experience conflicts of interest in allocating management time, services, and functions among us and other affiliates of our sponsors and any other business ventures in which they or any of their key personnel, as applicable, are or may become involved. This could result in actions that are more favorable to other affiliates of our sponsors than to us. However, our advisor believes that it and its affiliates have sufficient personnel to discharge fully their responsibilities to all of the activities of affiliates of our sponsors in which they are involved.
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
Bluerock has sponsored privately offered real estate programs and may in the future sponsor privately and publicly offered real estate programs that may have investment objectives similar to ours. As a result of this competition, certain investment opportunities may not be available to us. Our advisor and its affiliates could be subject to conflicts of interest between our company and other real estate programs.
Our advisor will present an investment opportunity to the affiliate for which the investment opportunity is most suitable in our advisor’s view. This determination is made by our advisor. However, our advisory agreement requires that our advisor inform our board of directors of the method to be applied by it in allocating investment opportunities among us and its other affiliates.
Acquisitions From Our Advisor and Its Affiliates
We may acquire properties or real estate-related investments from our advisor, directors, officers or their respective affiliates. The prices we pay for such properties or real estate-related investments will not be the subject of arm’s-length negotiations. However, we will not acquire a property or a real estate-related debt or investment from our advisor, directors, officers or its respective affiliates, including our officers and directors, unless a competent independent appraiser (a member in good standing of the Appraisal Institute) confirms that our purchase price is equal to or less than the property’s fair market value and a majority of our board of directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, including a majority of our independent directors, determines that the transaction and the purchase price are fair, reasonable and in our best interests. We cannot absolutely assure that the price we pay for any such property or real estate-related investment will not, in fact, exceed that which would be paid by an unaffiliated purchaser. In no event, however, will the cost of a property to our company exceed such property’s current appraised value.
Joint Venture Investments
We expect that from time to time our advisor will be presented with an opportunity to purchase all or a portion of a mixed-use property. In such instances, it is possible that we would work together with other programs sponsored by Bluerock to apportion the assets within the property among us and the other programs in accordance with the investment objectives of the various programs. After such apportionment, the mixed-use property would be owned by two or more programs sponsored by Bluerock or joint ventures composed of programs sponsored
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by affiliates of Bluerock. The negotiation of how to divide the property among the various programs will not be at arm’s length and conflicts of interest will arise in the process. It is possible that in connection with the purchase of a mixed-use property or in the course of negotiations with other programs sponsored by Bluerock to allocate portions of such mixed-use property, we may be required to purchase a property that we would otherwise consider inappropriate for our portfolio, in order to also purchase a property that our advisor considers desirable. Although independent appraisals of the assets comprising the mixed-use property will be conducted prior to apportionment, it is possible that we could pay more for an asset in this type of transaction than we would pay in an arm’s-length transaction with a third party unaffiliated with our advisor.
Receipt of Fees and Other Compensation by Our Advisor and its Affiliates
Our advisor and its affiliates will receive the compensation as described in “Management Compensation.” The acquisition fee described under “Management Compensation” is based upon the purchase price of the properties we acquire and will be payable to our advisor despite the lack of cash available to make distributions to our stockholders. In addition, a wholly-owned subsidiary of our advisor will receive the property management fee described under “Management Compensation” computed based upon the amount of gross revenues generated by our properties. To that extent, our advisor benefits from our retaining ownership of properties and leveraging our properties, while our stockholders may be better served by our disposing of a property or holding a property on an unleveraged basis.
Legal Counsel for us, Our Advisor and Some of Our Affiliates is the Same Law Firm
Alston & Bird LLP acts as legal counsel to us, our advisor and some of our affiliates. Alston & Bird LLP is not acting as counsel for any specific group of stockholders or any potential investor. There is a possibility in the future that the interests of the various parties may become adverse and, under the Code of Professional Responsibility of the legal profession, Alston & Bird LLP may be precluded from representing any one or all of such parties. If any situation arises in which our interests appear to be in conflict with those of our advisor or our affiliates, additional counsel may be retained by one or more of the parties to assure that their interests are adequately protected. Moreover, should such a conflict not be readily apparent, Alston & Bird LLP may inadvertently act in derogation of the interest of parties which could adversely affect us, and our ability to meet our investment objectives and, therefore, our stockholders.
Certain Conflict Resolution Measures
Allocation of Investment Opportunities
We rely on our sponsor, Bluerock, and the executive officers and real estate professionals of our sponsor acting on behalf of our advisor to identify suitable investments. Our sponsor currently serves as advisor or manager for other real estate investment programs and intends to sponsor future real estate programs with investment objectives similar to ours. As such, many investment opportunities may be suitable for us as well as other real estate programs sponsored by affiliates of our advisor, and we will rely upon the same executive officers and real estate professionals to identify suitable investments for us as such other programs. When these real estate professionals direct investment opportunities to any real estate program sponsored or managed by Bluerock, they, in their sole discretion, will offer the opportunity to the program for which the investment opportunity is most suitable based on the investment objectives, portfolio and criteria of each program. As a result, these Bluerock real estate professionals could direct attractive investment opportunities to other entities or investors.
Our advisor’s success in generating investment opportunities for us and its fair allocation of opportunities among programs sponsored by its affiliates are important criteria in the determination by our independent directors to continue or renew our annual contract with our advisor. Our independent directors have a duty to ensure that our advisor fairly applies its method for allocating investment opportunities among the programs sponsored by our advisor or its affiliates.
Independent Directors
In order to ameliorate the risks created by conflicts of interest, our charter requires our board to be comprised of a majority of persons who are “independent” directors. An “independent” director is a person who is not one of our
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officers or employees or an officer or employee of our advisor or its affiliates and has not been so for the previous two years. Serving as a director of, or having an ownership interest in, another affiliated-sponsored program will not, by itself, preclude independent director status. The independent directors are, as a group, authorized to retain their own legal and financial advisors. Among the matters we expect the independent directors to act upon are:
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the continuation, renewal or enforcement of our agreements with our advisor and its affiliates, including the advisory agreement; |
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public offerings of securities; |
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sales of properties and other investments; |
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investments in properties and other assets; |
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originations of loans; |
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borrowings; |
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transactions with affiliates; |
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compensation of our officers and directors who are affiliated with our advisor; |
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whether and when we seek to list our shares of common stock on a national securities exchange; |
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whether and when we seek to become self-managed, which decision could lead to our acquisition of our advisor and affiliates at a substantial price; and |
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whether and when our company or its assets are sold. |
A majority of our board of directors, including a majority of our independent directors will approve any investments we acquire from our sponsor, advisor and director, or any of their respective affiliates.
Charter Provisions Relating to Conflicts of Interest
In order to reduce or eliminate certain potential conflicts of interest, our charter contains a number of restrictions relating to conflicts of interest, including the following:
Advisor Compensation
Our charter requires that our independent directors evaluate at least annually whether the compensation that we contract to pay to our advisor and its affiliates is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and whether such compensation is within the limits prescribed by our charter. Our independent directors will supervise the performance of our advisor and its affiliates and the compensation we pay to them to determine whether the provisions of our compensation arrangements are being carried out. This evaluation will be based on the following factors as well as any other factors deemed relevant by the independent committee:
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the amount of the advisory fee in relation to the size, composition and performance of our investments; |
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the success of our advisor in generating appropriate investment opportunities; |
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the rates charged to other REITs, especially similarly structured REITs, and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing similar services; |
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additional revenues realized by our advisor and its affiliates through their relationship with us; |
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the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by our advisor and its affiliates; |
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the performance of our investment portfolio; and |
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the quality of our portfolio relative to the investments generated by our advisor and its affiliates for the account of its other clients. |
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Term of Advisory Agreement
Each contract for the services of our advisor may not exceed one year, although there is no limit on the number of times that we may retain a particular advisor. The independent directors or our advisor may terminate our advisory agreement with our advisor without cause or penalty on 60 days’ written notice.
Our Acquisitions
We will not purchase or lease properties in which our advisor, any of our directors or any of their respective affiliates has an interest without a determination by a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in such transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to us and at a price to us no greater than the cost of the property to the seller or lessor unless there is substantial justification for any amount that exceeds such cost and such excess amount is determined to be reasonable. In no event will we acquire any such property at an amount in excess of its appraised value as determined by an independent expert selected by our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction. An appraisal is “current” if obtained within the prior year. We will not sell or lease properties to our advisor, any of our directors or any of their respective affiliates unless a majority of the directors, including a majority of the independent directors, not otherwise interested in the transaction, determines the transaction is fair and reasonable to us. We expect that from time to time our advisor or its affiliates will temporarily enter into contracts relating to investment in properties and other assets, all or a portion of which is to be assigned to us prior to closing, or may purchase property or other investments in their own name and temporarily hold title for us.
Loans
We will not make any loans to our advisor, any of our directors or any of their respective affiliates, except that we may make or invest in mortgage loans involving our advisor, our directors or their respective affiliates, provided that an appraisal of the underlying property is obtained from an independent appraiser and the transaction is approved as fair and reasonable to us and on terms no less favorable to us than those available from third parties. In addition, we must obtain a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the mortgage and the condition of the title. Our charter prohibits us from making or investing in any mortgage loans that are subordinate to any mortgage or equity interest of our advisor, our directors or officers or any of their affiliates. In addition, we will not borrow from these affiliates unless a majority of our independent directors approves the transaction as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable and no less favorable to us than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances. These restrictions on loans will only apply to advances of cash that are commonly viewed as loans, as determined by the board of directors. By way of example only, the prohibition on loans would not restrict advances of cash for legal expenses or other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought nor would the prohibition limit our ability to advance reimbursable expenses incurred by directors or officers or our advisor or its affiliates.
Other Transactions Involving Affiliates
A majority of our independent directors must conclude that all other transactions, including joint ventures, between us and our advisor, any of our officers or directors or any of their affiliates are fair and reasonable to us and on terms and conditions not less favorable to us than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
Limitation on Operating Expenses
Commencing four fiscal quarters after the acquisition of our first real estate asset, our advisor must reimburse us the amount by which our aggregate total operating expenses for the four fiscal quarters then ended exceed the greater of 2% of our average invested assets or 25% of our net income, unless our independent directors has determined that such excess expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. “Average invested assets” means the average monthly book value of our assets during the 12-month period before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves. “Total operating expenses” means all expenses paid or incurred by us, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to our operation, including advisory fees, but excluding (1) the expenses of raising capital such as organization and offering expenses, legal, audit, accounting,
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underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and stock exchange listing of our stock; (2) interest payments; (3) taxes; (4) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves; (5) reasonable incentive fees based on the gain from the sale of our assets; and (6) acquisition fees, origination fees, acquisition and origination expenses (including expenses relating to potential investments that we do not close), disposition fees on the resale of property and other expenses connected with the acquisition, origination, disposition and ownership of real estate interests, loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair and improvement of property).
Issuance of Options and Warrants to Certain Affiliates
Until our shares of common stock are listed on a national securities exchange, our charter prohibits the issuance of options or warrants to purchase our capital stock to our advisor, our directors or any of their affiliates (1) on terms more favorable than we offer such options or warrants to the general public or (2) in excess of an amount equal to 10% of our outstanding capital stock on the date of grant.
Repurchase of Our Shares
Our charter prohibits us from paying a fee to our advisor or our directors or officers or any of their affiliates in connection with our repurchase of our capital stock.
Reports to Stockholders
Our charter requires that we prepare and deliver an annual report and deliver to our stockholders within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year. Our directors are required to take reasonable steps to ensure that the annual report complies with our charter provisions. Among the matters that must be included in the annual report or included in a proxy statement delivered with the annual report are:
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financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP that are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants; |
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the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the year to the capital raised; |
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the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees or charges paid to our advisor and any of its affiliates by us or third parties doing business with us during the year; |
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our total operating expenses for the year stated as a percentage of our average invested assets and as a percentage of our net income; |
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a report from the independent directors that our policies are in the best interests of our common stockholders and the basis for such determination; and |
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a separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving us and our advisor, a director or any affiliate thereof during the year, which disclosure has been examined and commented upon in the report by the independent directors with regard to the fairness of such transactions. |
Voting of Shares Owned by Affiliates
Our charter prohibits our advisor, our directors and their affiliates from voting their shares regarding (1) the removal of our advisor, any such directors or any of their affiliates or (2) any transaction between any of them and us and further provides that, in determining the requisite percentage in interest of shares necessary to approve a matter on which our advisor, any such director and any of their affiliates may not vote or consent, any shares owned by any of them will not be included.
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SUMMARY OF DISTRIBUTION REINVESTMENT PLAN
General
We have adopted a distribution reinvestment plan, or DRIP, that allows you the opportunity to purchase, through reinvestment of distributions, additional shares of common stock. The following is a summary of our DRIP. A complete copy of our DRIP is attached as Exhibit C to this prospectus.
The DRIP provides you with a simple and convenient way to invest your cash distributions in additional shares of common stock. As a participant in the DRIP, you may purchase shares at $9.50 per share until all 29,736,842 shares that are authorized and reserved initially for the DRIP have been purchased or until the termination of the initial public offering, whichever occurs first. We may, in our sole discretion, effect registration of additional shares of common stock for issuance under the DRIP.
Eligibility
You must participate with respect to 100% of your shares. If your shares are held of record by a broker or nominee and you want to participate in the DRIP, you must make appropriate arrangements with your broker or nominee. We may refuse participation in the DRIP to stockholders residing in states where shares offered pursuant to the DRIP are neither registered under applicable securities laws nor exempt from registration.
Administration
As of the date of this prospectus, the DRIP will be administered by us or our affiliate, which we refer to as the DRIP Administrator, but a different entity may act as DRIP Administrator in the future. The DRIP Administrator will keep all records of your DRIP account and send statements of your account to you.
Enrollment
You may become a participant in the DRIP by indicating your election to participate on your signed enrollment form available from the DRIP Administrator enclosed with this prospectus and returning it to us at the time you subscribe for shares.
Your participation in the DRIP will begin with the first distribution payment after your enrollment form is received by us, provided such form is received on or before ten days prior to the payment date established for that distribution. If your enrollment form is received after the tenth day prior to the record date for a distribution and before payment of that distribution, reinvestment of your distributions will begin with the next distribution payment date.
Costs
Purchases under the DRIP will not be subject to selling commissions or dealer manager fees. All costs of administration of the DRIP will be paid by the Company.
Purchases of Shares
Common stock distributions will be invested within 30 days after the date on which common stock distributions are paid. Payment dates for common stock distributions will be ordinarily on or about the last calendar day of each month but may be changed to quarterly in our sole discretion. Any distributions not so invested will be returned to participants in the DRIP. Distributions will be paid on both full and fractional shares held in your account and are automatically reinvested.
Reinvested Distributions. We will use the aggregate amount of distributions to all participants for each distribution period to purchase shares for the participants. If the aggregate amount of distributions to participants exceeds the amount required to purchase all shares then available for purchase, we will purchase all available shares and will return all remaining distributions to the participants within 30 days after the date such distributions are made. We will allocate the purchased shares among the participants based on the portion of the aggregate
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distributions received on behalf of each participant, as reflected on our books. Distributions on all shares purchased pursuant to the DRIP will be automatically reinvested.
Optional Cash Purchases. Until determined otherwise by us, DRIP participants may not make additional cash payments for the purchase of common stock under the DRIP.
Reports
Within 90 days after the end of the fiscal year, you will receive a report of all your investment, including information with respect to the distributions reinvested during the year, the number of shares purchased during the year, the per share purchase price for such shares, the total administrative charge retained by us or DRIP Administrator and tax information with respect to income earned on shares purchased under the DRIP for the year. These statements are your continuing record of the cost of your purchases and should be retained for income tax purposes. We shall provide such information reasonably requested by the dealer manager or a participating broker-dealer, in order for the dealer manager or participating broker-dealer to meet its obligations to deliver written notification to participants of the information required by Rule 10b-10(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or the Exchange Act.
Certificates for Shares
The ownership of shares purchased under the DRIP will be uncertificated and noted in book-entry form until our board of directors determines otherwise. The number of shares purchased will be shown on your statement of account.
Termination of Participation
You may discontinue reinvestment of distributions under the DRIP with respect to all, but not less than all, of your shares (including shares held for your account in the DRIP) at any time without penalty by notifying the DRIP Administrator in writing no less than ten days prior to the next distribution payment date. A notice of termination received by the DRIP Administrator after such cutoff date will not be effective until the next following distribution payment date. Participants who terminate their participation in the DRIP may thereafter rejoin the DRIP by notifying us and completing all necessary forms and otherwise as required by us.
We reserve the right to prohibit certain employee benefit plans from participating in the DRIP if such participation could cause our underlying assets to constitute “plan assets” of such plans.
Amendment and Termination of the DRIP
The board of directors may, in its sole discretion, terminate the DRIP or amend any aspect of the DRIP (except for the ability of each participant to withdraw from participation in the DRIP) without the consent of participants or other stockholders, provided that written notice of termination or any material amendment is sent to participants at least 10 days prior to the effective date thereof. The board of directors also may terminate any participant’s participation in the DRIP at any time by notice to such participant if continued participation will, in the opinion of the board of directors, jeopardize our status as a real estate investment trust under the Code.
Voting of Shares Held Under the DRIP
You will be able to vote all whole shares of common stock purchased under the DRIP at the same time that you vote the other shares registered in your name on our records. Fractional shares will not be voted.
Responsibility of the DRIP Administrator Under the DRIP
The DRIP Administrator will not be liable for any claim based on an act done in good faith or a good faith omission to act. You should recognize that neither we nor the DRIP Administrator can provide any assurance of a profit or protection against loss on any shares purchased under the DRIP.
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Federal Income Tax Consequences of Participation in the DRIP
The following discussion summarizes the principal federal income tax consequences, under current law, of participation in the DRIP. It does not address all potentially relevant federal income tax matters, including consequences peculiar to persons subject to special provisions of federal income tax law (such as tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, financial institutions, broker-dealers and foreign persons). The discussion is based on various rulings of the Internal Revenue Service regarding several types of distribution reinvestment plans. No ruling, however, has been issued or requested regarding the DRIP. The following discussion is for your general information only, and you must consult your own tax advisor to determine the particular tax consequences (including the effects of any changes in law) that may result from your participation in the DRIP and the disposition of any shares purchased pursuant to the DRIP.
Stockholders subject to federal income taxation who elect to participate in the DRIP will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to them even though they have elected not to receive their distributions in cash but rather to have their distributions reinvested pursuant to the DRIP. Specifically, participants will be treated as if they received the distribution from us and then applied such distribution to purchase the shares in the DRIP. To the extent that a stockholder purchases shares through the DRIP at a discount to fair market value, the stockholder will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of such discount. A stockholder designating a distribution for reinvestment will be taxed on the amount of such distribution as ordinary income to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless we have designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain dividend. In such case, such designated portion of the distribution will be taxed as a capital gain. The amount treated as a distribution to you will constitute a dividend for federal income tax purposes to the same extent as a cash distribution.
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Our board of directors has adopted a share repurchase plan that will enable you to sell your shares to us in limited circumstances. The purchase price for such shares repurchased under the share repurchase plan will be as set forth below until we begin providing stockholders with an estimated value of our shares. We expect to establish an estimated value of our shares beginning 18 months after the completion of our offering stage. Our advisor, or another firm we choose for that purpose, will estimate the value of our shares based on a number of assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments and, accordingly, the estimates should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. For these reasons, the estimated valuations should not be utilized for any purpose other than to assist plan fiduciaries in fulfilling their annual valuation and reporting responsibilities. We will consider our offering stage complete when we are no longer publicly offering equity securities that are not listed on a national securities exchange, whether through this offering or follow-on public offerings, and have not done so for one year. (For purposes of this definition, we do not consider “public equity offerings” to include offerings on behalf of selling stockholders or offerings related to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan or the redemption of interests in the operating partnership.) Unless the shares are being repurchased in connection with a stockholder’s death or “qualifying disability” (as defined below), the prices at which we will repurchase shares prior to the time we establish an estimated value of our shares are as follows:
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The lower of $9.25 or 92.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least one year; |
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The lower of $9.50 or 95% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least two years; |
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The lower of $9.75 or 97.5% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least three years; and |
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The lower of $10.00 or 100% of the price paid to acquire the shares from us for stockholders who have held their shares for at least four years. |
The purchase price per share as described above for shares repurchased prior to obtaining an estimated value of our shares will be reduced by the aggregate amount of net proceeds per share, if any, distributed to the investors prior to the repurchase date as a result of a sale of one or more of our properties that constitute a return of capital distributed to investors as a result of such sales, which we refer to as a “special distribution.” After we begin establishing an estimated value of our shares we will repurchase shares at the lesser of (1) 100% of the average price per share the original purchaser or purchasers of your shares paid to us, for all of your shares (as adjusted for any stock distributions, combinations, splits, recapitalizations, special distributions and the like with respect to our common stock) or (2) 90% of the net asset value per share, as determined by the most recent estimated value of our shares.
There are several limitations on our ability to have your shares repurchased under the plan:
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Our share repurchase plan limits the number of shares we may repurchase to those that we could purchase with the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan during the previous fiscal year; |
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During any calendar year, we may not repurchase in excess of 5% of the number of outstanding shares of common stock as of the same date in the prior calendar year; and |
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We have no obligation to repurchase shares if the repurchase would violate the restrictions on distributions under Maryland law, which prohibits distributions that would cause a corporation to fail to meet statutory tests of solvency. |
Generally the cash available for repurchase will be limited to the net proceeds from the sale of shares under our distribution reinvestment plan during the previous fiscal year. However, to the extent that the aggregate proceeds received from the sale of shares pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan are not sufficient to fund repurchase requests pursuant to the limitations outlined above, the board of directors may, in its sole discretion, choose to use other sources of funds to repurchase shares of our common stock. Such sources of funds could include cash on hand,
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cash available from borrowings and cash from liquidations of securities investments as of the end of the applicable month, to the extent that such funds are not otherwise dedicated to a particular use, such as working capital, cash distributions to stockholders or purchases of real estate assets. We intend to engage a third party to administer the share repurchase plan and will notify you of the administrator’s name and contact information. We intend to repurchase shares quarterly under the plan. The plan administrator will have to receive your written request for redemption on or before the last day of the second month of each calendar quarter in order to have shares eligible for repurchase in that same quarter. If we could not repurchase all shares presented for repurchase in any quarter, we would attempt to honor repurchase requests on a pro rata basis. We will deviate from pro rata purchases in two minor ways: (1) if a pro rata repurchase would result in you owning less than half of the minimum purchase amount of 250 shares, then we will repurchase all of your shares; and (2) if a pro rata repurchase would result in you owning more than half but less than all of the minimum purchase amount, then we will not repurchase any shares that would reduce your holdings below the minimum purchase amount. In the event that you were selling all of your shares, there will be no holding period requirement for shares purchased pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan.
If we did not completely satisfy a stockholder’s repurchase request at quarter-end because the plan administrator did not receive the request in time or because of the restrictions on the number of shares we could repurchase under the plan, we will treat the unsatisfied portion of the repurchase request as a request for repurchase at the next repurchase date funds are available for repurchase unless the stockholder withdrew his or her request before the next date for repurchases. Any stockholder could withdraw a repurchase request upon written notice to the plan administrator at any time prior to the date of repurchase.
We will treat repurchases sought upon a stockholder’s death or “qualifying disability” differently from other repurchases in the following respects:
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prior to the time we begin establishing an estimated value of our shares, which we expect to be 18 months after the completion of our offering stage, the repurchase price is the amount paid to acquire the shares from us reduced by the amount of any special distributions paid to the stockholder; and |
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once we begin establishing an estimated value of our shares, the repurchase price would be the estimated value of the shares, as determined by our advisor or another firm chosen for that purpose. |
In order for a disability to entitle a stockholder to the special repurchase terms described above (a “qualifying disability”), (1) the stockholder will have to receive a determination of disability based upon a physical or mental condition or impairment arising after the date the stockholder acquired the shares to be redeemed, and (2) such determination of disability would have to be made by the governmental agency responsible for reviewing the disability retirement benefits that the stockholder could be eligible to receive (the “applicable governmental agency”). The “applicable governmental agencies” will be limited to the following: (1) if the stockholder paid Social Security taxes and, therefore, could be eligible to receive Social Security disability benefits, then the applicable governmental agency would be the Social Security Administration or the agency charged with responsibility for administering Social Security disability benefits at that time if other than the Social Security Administration; (2) if the stockholder did not pay Social Security benefits and, therefore, could not be eligible to receive Social Security disability benefits, but the stockholder could be eligible to receive disability benefits under the Civil Service Retirement System, or CSRS, then the applicable governmental agency would be the U.S. Office of Personnel Management or the agency charged with responsibility for administering CSRS benefits at that time if other than the Office of Personnel Management; or (iii) if the stockholder did not pay Social Security taxes and therefore could not be eligible to receive Social Security benefits but suffered a disability that resulted in the stockholder’s discharge from military service under conditions that were other than dishonorable and, therefore, could be eligible to receive military disability benefits, then the applicable governmental agency will be the Veteran’s Administration or the agency charged with the responsibility for administering military disability benefits at that time if other than the Veteran’s Administration.
Disability determinations by governmental agencies for purposes other than those listed above, including but not limited to worker’s compensation insurance, administration or enforcement of the Rehabilitation Act or Americans with Disabilities Act, or waiver of insurance premiums would not entitle a stockholder to the special repurchase terms described above. Repurchase requests following an award by the applicable governmental agency of disability benefits would have to be accompanied by: (1) the investor’s initial application for disability benefits and (2) a Social Security Administration Notice of Award, a U.S. Office of Personnel Management determination of
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disability under CSRS, a Veteran’s Administration record of disability-related discharge or such other documentation issued by the applicable governmental agency that we would deem acceptable and would demonstrate an award of the disability benefits.
We understand that the following disabilities do not entitle a worker to Social Security disability benefits:
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disabilities occurring after the legal retirement age; and |
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disabilities that do not render a worker incapable of performing substantial gainful activity. |
Therefore, such disabilities will not qualify for the special repurchase terms, except in the limited circumstances when the investor would be awarded disability benefits by the other “applicable governmental agencies” described above.
The share repurchase plan may be suspended or terminated if:
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our shares are listed on any national securities exchange, or are subject to bona fide quotes on any inter-dealer quotation system or electronic communications network, or are subject of bona fide quotes in the pink sheets; or |
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our board of directors determines that it is in our best interest to suspend or terminate the share repurchase plan. |
We may amend or modify any provision of the plan at any time in our board’s discretion without prior notice to participants. In the event that we amend, suspend or terminate the share repurchase plan, however, we will send stockholders notice of the change(s) following the date of such amendment, suspension or modification, and we will disclose the change(s) in a report filed with the SEC on either Form 8-K, Form 10-Q or Form 10-K, as appropriate. During this offering, we will also include this information in a prospectus supplement or post-effective amendment to the registration statement, as required under federal securities laws.
Our share repurchase plan will only provide stockholders a limited ability to sell shares for cash until the shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, at which time the plan will terminate and you will have no right to request repurchase of your shares. We cannot assure you that the shares will ever be listed for trading on a national securities exchange.
You must present for repurchase a minimum of 25% of your shares.
Qualifying stockholders who desire to redeem their shares would have to give written notice to us at Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. c/o DST Systems, P.O. Box 219003, Kansas City, Missouri 64121-9003.
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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
General
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not yet commenced active operations. Subscription proceeds may be released to us after the minimum offering is achieved and will be applied to investment in properties and the payment or reimbursement of selling commissions and other fees and expenses. We will experience a relative increase in liquidity as we receive additional subscriptions for shares and a relative decrease in liquidity as we spend net offering proceeds in connection with the acquisition, development and operation of our assets.
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not entered into any arrangements creating a reasonable probability that we will acquire a specific property or other asset. The number of properties and other assets that we will acquire will depend upon the number of shares sold and the resulting amount of the net proceeds available for investment in properties and other assets. Until required for the acquisition, development or operation of assets, we will keep the net proceeds of this offering in short-term, liquid investments.
We intend to make reserve allocations as necessary to aid our objective of preserving capital for our investors by supporting the maintenance and viability of properties we acquire in the future. If reserves and any other available income become insufficient to cover our operating expenses and liabilities, it may be necessary to obtain additional funds by borrowing, refinancing properties or liquidating our investment in one or more properties. There is no assurance that such funds will be available or, if available, that the terms will be acceptable to us.
We intend to make an election to be taxed as a REIT under Section 856(c) of the Code. In order to qualify as a REIT, we must distribute to our stockholders each calendar year at least 90% of our taxable income (excluding net capital gains). If we qualify as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on income that we distribute to our stockholders. If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, we will be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates and will not be permitted to qualify as a REIT for four years following the year in which our qualification is denied. Such an event could materially and adversely affect our net income and results of operations.
Results of Operations
As of the date of this prospectus, we have not commenced business operations as we are in our organizational and development stage. We do not intend to begin our operations until we have sold at least the minimum offering amount of $2,500,000 in shares of our common stock. As we have not acquired any properties or other assets, our management is not aware of any material trends or uncertainties, favorable or unfavorable, other than national economic conditions affecting our targeted portfolio, the multifamily housing industry and real estate generally, which may be reasonably anticipated to have a material impact on either capital resources or the revenues or incomes to be derived from the operation of our assets.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
We are offering and selling to the public in our primary offering up to $1,000,000,000 in shares of our common stock, $.01 par value per share at $10.00 per share. We are also offering up to $285,000,000 in shares of our common stock to be issued pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan under which our stockholders may elect to have distributions reinvested in additional shares at $9.50 per share.
Our principal demands for cash will be for acquisition costs, including the purchase price of any properties, loans or securities we acquire, and construction and development costs and the payment of our operating and administrative expenses, continuing debt service obligations and distributions to our stockholders. Generally, we will fund our acquisitions from the net proceeds of our public offering. We intend to acquire our assets with cash and mortgage or other debt, but we may acquire assets free and clear of permanent mortgage or other indebtedness by paying the entire purchase price for the asset in cash or in units of limited partnership interest in our operating
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partnership. Due to the delay between the sale of our shares and our acquisitions, there may be a delay in the benefits to our stockholders, if any, of returns generated from our investments.
We anticipate that adequate cash will be generated from operations to fund our operating and administrative expenses, continuing debt service obligations and the payment of distributions. However, our ability to finance our operations is subject to several uncertainties. Our ability to generate working capital is dependent on our ability to attract and retain tenants and the economic and business environments of the various markets in which our properties are located. Our ability to sell real estate investments is partially dependent upon the state of real estate markets and the ability of purchasers to obtain financing at reasonable commercial rates. In general, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. However, some or all of our distributions may be paid from other sources, such as from borrowings, advances from our advisor, our advisor’s deferral of its fees and expense reimbursements or the proceeds of this offering.
Potential future sources of capital include secured or unsecured financings from banks or other lenders, establishing additional lines of credit, proceeds from the sale of properties and undistributed cash flow. However, we currently have not identified any additional sources of financing and there is no assurance that such sources of financings will be available on favorable terms or at all.
Distributions
We have not paid any distributions as of the date of this prospectus. We intend to make regular cash distributions to our stockholders, typically on a monthly basis. Our board of directors will determine the amount of distributions to be distributed to our stockholders. The board’s determination will be based on a number of factors, including funds available from operations, our capital expenditure requirements and the annual distribution requirements necessary to maintain our REIT status under the Code. As a result, our distribution rate and payment frequency may vary from time to time. However, to qualify as a REIT for tax purposes, we must make distributions equal to at least 90% of our “REIT taxable income” each year. During the early stages of our operations, we may declare distributions in excess of funds from operations.
Funds From Operations
One of our objectives is to provide cash distributions to our stockholders from cash generated by our operations and funds from operations. Funds from operations is not equivalent to our net operating income or loss as determined under GAAP. Due to certain unique operating characteristics of real estate companies, the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, or NAREIT, an industry trade group, has promulgated a measure known as Funds From Operations, or FFO, which it believes more accurately reflects the operating performance of a REIT such as our company.
We define FFO, a non-GAAP measure, consistent with the NAREIT’s definition, as net income, computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization of real estate assets, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joints ventures will be calculated to reflect FFO on the same basis.
We consider FFO to be an appropriate supplemental measure of a REIT’s operating performance as it is based on a net income analysis of property portfolio performance that excludes non-cash items such as depreciation. The historical accounting convention used for real estate assets requires straight-line depreciation of buildings and improvements, which implies that the value of real estate assets diminishes predictably over time. Since real estate values historically rise and fall with market conditions, presentations of operating results for a REIT, using historical accounting for depreciation, could be less informative. The use of FFO is recommended by the REIT industry as a supplemental performance measure.
Presentation of this information is intended to assist the reader in comparing the operating performance of different REITs, although it should be noted that not all REITs calculate FFO the same way, so comparisons with other REITs may not be meaningful. Furthermore, FFO is not necessarily indicative of cash flow available to fund cash needs and should not be considered as an alternative to net income as an indication of our performance.
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The following table shows, as of the date of this prospectus, the number and percentage of shares of our common stock owned by any person who is known by us to be the beneficial owner of more than 5% of the outstanding shares of our common stock, each director and executive officer, and all directors and executive officers as a group.
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Name of Beneficial Owner(1) |
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Number of Shares
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Percent of
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R. Ramin Kamfar |
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23,200 |
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100 |
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James G. Babb, III |
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Jordan B. Ruddy |
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Jerold E. Novack |
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Michael L. Konig |
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All Named Executive Officers and Directors as a Group |
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23,200 |
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100 |
% |
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(1) |
The address of each beneficial owner listed is 680 Fifth Avenue, 16th Floor, New York, New York 10019. |
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(2) |
As of the date of this prospectus, our advisor owns 22,200 shares of our common stock, all of which is issued and outstanding stock, and 1,000 shares of convertible stock, all of which is issued and outstanding. Our advisor is controlled by BER Holdings, LLC, which is controlled by Mr. Kamfar. Thus, Mr. Kamfar has the power to direct how our advisor votes its shares of common stock. |
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General
The following description of our capital stock highlights material provisions of our charter and bylaws as in effect as of the date of this prospectus. Because it is a description of what is contained in our charter and bylaws, it may not contain all the information that is important to you.
Common Stock
Under our charter, we will have 1,000,000,000 authorized shares of stock, consisting of 749,999,000 shares of common stock, $0.01 par value per share, 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share and 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting convertible stock, $0.01 per share available for issuance. We have authorized the issuance of up to 130,000,000 shares of common stock in connection with this offering. The common stock offered by this prospectus, when issued, will be duly authorized, fully paid and nonassessable. The common stock is not convertible or subject to redemption.
Holders of our common stock:
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are entitled to receive distributions authorized by our board of directors and declared by us out of legally available funds after payment of, or provision for, full cumulative distributions on and any required redemptions of shares of preferred stock then outstanding; |
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are entitled to share ratably in the distributable assets of our company remaining after satisfaction of the prior preferential rights of the preferred stock and the satisfaction of all of our debts and liabilities in the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation or dissolution of our company; and |
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do not have preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, or redemption rights or preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities and generally have no appraisal rights unless our board of directors determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of shares, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. |
We will generally not issue certificates for our shares. Shares will be held in “uncertificated” form, which will eliminate the physical handling and safekeeping responsibilities inherent in owning transferable stock certificates and eliminate the need to return a duly executed stock certificate to effect a transfer. DTS Systems, Inc. acts as our registrar and as the transfer agent for our shares. Transfers can be effected simply by mailing to DTS Systems, Inc. a transfer and assignment form, which we will provide to you at no charge upon written request.
Stockholder Voting
Except as otherwise provided, all shares of common stock will have equal voting rights. Because stockholders do not have cumulative voting rights, holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect our entire board of directors. The voting rights per share of our equity securities issued in the future will be established by our board of directors; provided, however, that the voting rights per share sold in a private offering will not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held share as the consideration paid to us for each privately offered share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held share.
Our charter provides that generally we may not, without the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to cast on the matter:
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amend our charter, including, by way of illustration, amendments to provisions relating to director qualifications, fiduciary duty, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions, except for amendments with respect to increases or decreases in the number of shares of stock of any class or series or the aggregate number of shares of stock, a change of our name, a change of the name or other designation or the par value of any class or series of stock and the aggregate par value of our stock and certain reverse stock splits; |
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sell all or substantially all of our assets other than in the ordinary course of our business or in connection with our liquidation or dissolution; |
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cause a merger or consolidation of our company; or |
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dissolve or liquidate our company. |
Our charter further provides that, without the necessity for concurrence by our board of directors, holders of a majority of voting shares who are present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is present may vote to elect a director and that any or all of our directors may be removed from office at any time by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.
Each stockholder entitled to vote on a matter may do so at a meeting in person or by proxy directing the manner in which he or she desires that his or her vote be cast or without a meeting by a consent in writing or by electronic transmission. Any proxy must be received by us prior to the date on which the vote is taken. Pursuant to Maryland law and our charter, if no meeting is held, 100% of the stockholders must consent in writing or by electronic transmission to take effective action on behalf of our company.
Preferred Stock
Our charter authorizes our board of directors without further stockholder action to provide for the issuance of up to 250,000,000 shares of preferred stock, in one or more series, with such voting powers and with such terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption, as our board of directors shall approve. As of the date of this prospectus, there are no preferred shares outstanding and we have no present plans to issue any preferred shares. However, the issuance of preferred stock must also be approved by a majority of our independent directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who will have access at our expense to our legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.
Issuance of Additional Securities and Debt Instruments
Our board of directors is authorized to issue additional securities, including common stock, preferred stock, convertible preferred stock and convertible debt, for cash, property or other consideration on such terms as they may deem advisable and to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of capital stock of our company without approval of the holders of the outstanding securities. We may issue debt obligations with conversion privileges on such terms and conditions as the directors may determine, whereby the holders of such debt obligations may acquire our common stock or preferred stock. We may also issue warrants, options and rights to buy shares on such terms as the directors deem advisable, despite the possible dilution in the value of the outstanding shares which may result from the exercise of such warrants, options or rights to buy shares, as part of a ratable issue to stockholders, as part of a private or public offering or as part of other financial arrangements. Our board of directors, with the approval of a majority of the directors and without any action by stockholders, may also amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of our stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue.
Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer
In order to qualify as a REIT under the federal tax laws, we must meet several requirements concerning the ownership of our outstanding capital stock. Specifically, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the federal income tax laws to include specified private foundations, employee benefit plans and trusts, and charitable trusts, during the last half of a taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year. Moreover, 100 or more persons must own our outstanding shares of capital stock during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year, other than our first REIT taxable year.
Because our board of directors believes it is essential for our company to qualify and continue to qualify as a REIT and for other corporate purposes, our charter, subject to the exceptions described below, provides that no
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person may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the federal income tax laws, more than 9.8% of:
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the value of outstanding shares of our capital stock; or |
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the value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of outstanding shares of our common stock. |
This limitation regarding the ownership of our shares is the “9.8% Ownership Limitation.” Further, our charter provides for certain circumstances where our board of directors may except a holder of our shares from the 9.8% Ownership Limitation and impose other limitations and restrictions on ownership. This exception and these limitations regarding the ownership of our shares are the “Excepted Holder Ownership Limitation.”
To assist us in preserving our status as a REIT, among other purposes, our charter contains limitations on the ownership and transfer of shares of common stock that would:
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result in any person owning, directly or indirectly, shares of our capital stock in excess of the foregoing ownership limitations; |
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result in our capital stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons, determine without reference to any rules of attribution; |
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result in our company being “closely held” under the federal income tax laws; and |
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cause our company to own, actually or constructively, 9.8% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant of our real property, under the federal income tax laws or otherwise fail to qualify as a REIT. |
Any attempted transfer of our stock which, if effective, would result in our stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void, with the intended transferee acquiring no rights in such shares of stock, or result in such shares being designated as shares-in-trust and transferred automatically to a trust effective on the day before the purported transfer of such shares. The record holder of the shares that are designated as shares-in-trust, or the prohibited owner, will be required to submit such number of shares of capital stock to our company for registration in the name of the trust. We will designate the trustee, but it will not be affiliated with our company. The beneficiary of the trust will be one or more charitable organizations that are named by our company.
Shares-in-trust will remain shares of issued and outstanding capital stock and will be entitled to the same rights and privileges as all other stock of the same class or series. The trust will receive all dividends and distributions on the shares-in-trust and will hold such dividends or distributions in trust for the benefit of the beneficiary. The trust will vote all shares-in-trust. The trust will designate a permitted transferee of the shares-in-trust, provided that the permitted transferee purchases such shares-in-trust for valuable consideration and acquires such shares-in-trust without such acquisition resulting in a transfer to another trust.
Our charter requires that the prohibited owner of the shares-in-trust pay to the trust the amount of any dividends or distributions received by the prohibited owner that are attributable to any shares-in-trust and the record date of which was on or after the date that such shares of stock became shares-in-trust. The prohibited owner generally will receive from the trust the lesser of:
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the price per share such prohibited owner paid for the shares of capital stock that were designated as shares-in-trust or, in the case of a gift or devise, the market price per share on the date of such transfer; or |
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the price per share received by the trust from the sale of such shares-in-trust. |
The trust will distribute to the beneficiary any amounts received by the trust in excess of the amounts to be paid to the prohibited owner. The shares-in-trust will be deemed to have been offered for sale to our company, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of:
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the price per share in the transaction that created such shares-in-trust or, in the case of a gift or devise, the market price per share on the date of such transfer; or |
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the market price per share on the date that our company, or our designee, accepts such offer. |
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We will have the right to accept such offer for a period of 90 days after the later of the date of the purported transfer which resulted in such shares-in-trust or the date we determine in good faith that a transfer resulting in such shares-in-trust occurred.
“Market price” on any date means the average of the closing prices for the five consecutive trading days ending on such date. The “closing price” refers to the last quoted price as reported by the primary securities exchange or market on which our stock is then listed or quoted for trading. If our stock is not so listed or quoted at the time of determination of the market price, our board of directors will determine the market price in good faith.
If you acquire or attempt to acquire shares of our capital stock in violation of the foregoing restrictions, or if you owned common or preferred stock that was transferred to a trust, then we will require you immediately to give us written notice of such event and to provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such transfer on our status as a REIT.
If you own, directly or indirectly, more than 5%, or such lower percentages as required under the federal income tax laws, of our outstanding shares of stock, then you must, within 30 days after January 1 of each year, provide to us a written statement or affidavit stating your name and address, the number of shares of capital stock owned directly or indirectly, and a description of how such shares are held. In addition, each direct or indirect stockholder shall provide to us such additional information as we may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such ownership on our status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the ownership limit.
The ownership limit generally will not apply to the acquisition of shares of capital stock by an underwriter that participates in a public offering of such shares. In addition, our board of directors, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel and upon such other conditions as our board of directors may direct, may exempt a person from the ownership limit. However, the ownership limit will continue to apply until our board of directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of our company to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT.
All certificates, if any, representing our common or preferred stock, will bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.
The ownership limit in our charter may have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a takeover or other transaction or change in control of our company that might involve a premium price for your shares or otherwise be in your interest as a stockholder.
Distributions
Some or all of our distributions will be paid from sources other than funds from operations, such as from the proceeds of this offering, cash advances to us by our advisor, cash resulting from a waiver of asset management fees and borrowings (including borrowings secured by our assets) in anticipation of future operating cash flow until such time as we have sufficient cash flow from operations to fully fund the payment of distributions therefrom. Generally, our policy will be to pay distributions from cash flow from operations. Further, because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year and because we may need cash flow from operations during a particular period to fund capital expenditures and other expenses, we expect that at least during the early stages of our development and from time to time during our operational stage, we will declare distributions in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and we will pay these distributions in advance of our actual receipt of these funds. In these instances, we expect to look to third-party borrowings to fund our distributions. We may also fund such distributions from advances from our advisor or sponsors or from our advisor’s deferral of its asset management fee. To the extent that we redeem shares pursuant to our share repurchase plan or make payments or reimburse certain expenses to our advisor pursuant to our advisory agreement, our cash flow and therefore our ability to make distributions from cash flow, as well as cash flow available for investment, will be negatively impacted. See “Share Repurchase Plan” and “Management –The Advisory Agreement.” In addition, certain amounts we are required to pay to our advisor, including the monthly asset management fee, the property management fee, the financing fee, the disposition fee and the payment made upon conversion of our convertible stock, depend on the assets acquired, gross revenues of the properties managed, indebtedness incurred, sales prices of investments sold or the value of our company at the time of conversion, respectively, and therefore cannot be quantified or reserved for until such fees have been earned. See “Management
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Compensation.” We are required to pay these amounts to our advisor regardless of the amount of cash we distribute to our stockholders and therefore our ability to make distributions from cash flow, as well as cash flow available for investment, to our stockholders may be negatively impacted. In addition, to the extent we invest in development or redevelopment projects or in properties that have significant capital requirements, these properties will not immediately generate operating cash flow. Thus, our ability to make distributions may be negatively impacted, especially during our early periods of operation.
Once our board of directors has begun to authorize distributions, we expect to declare distributions on a quarterly basis and to pay distributions to our stockholders on a monthly basis. We intend to calculate these monthly distributions based on daily record and distribution declaration dates so our investors will become eligible for distributions immediately upon the purchase of their shares. Distributions will be paid to stockholders as of the record dates selected by the directors.
We are required to make distributions sufficient to satisfy the requirements for qualification as a REIT for tax purposes. Generally, distributed income will not be taxable to us under the Code if we distribute at least 90% of our REIT taxable income.
Distributions will be authorized at the discretion of our board of directors, in accordance with our earnings, cash flow, anticipated cash flow and general financial condition. The board’s discretion will be directed, in substantial part, by its intention to cause us to comply with the REIT requirements. Because we may receive income from interest or rents at various times during our fiscal year, distributions may not reflect our income earned in that particular distribution period but may be made in anticipation of cash flow that we expect to receive during a later period and may be made in advance of actual receipt of funds in an attempt to make distributions relatively uniform. We may utilize capital, borrow money, issue new securities or sell assets in order to make distributions. In addition, from time to time, our advisor and its affiliates may, but are not required to, agree to waive or defer all or a portion of the acquisition, asset management or other fees or other incentives due to them, enter into lease agreements for unleased space, pay general administrative expenses or otherwise supplement investor returns in order to increase the amount of cash available to make distributions to our stockholders.
Many of the factors that can affect the availability and timing of cash distributions to stockholders are beyond our control, and a change in any one factor could adversely affect our ability to pay future distributions. There can be no assurance that future cash flow will support distributions at the rate that such distributions are paid in any particular distribution period.
We are not prohibited from distributing our own securities in lieu of making cash distributions to stockholders. We may issue securities as stock dividends in the future.
Convertible Stock
Our authorized capital stock includes 1,000 shares of convertible stock, par value $0.01 per share. We have issued all of such shares to our advisor. No additional consideration is due upon the conversion of the convertible stock. There will be no distributions paid on shares of convertible stock. The conversion of the convertible stock into shares of common stock will decrease the percentage of our shares of common stock owned by persons purchasing shares in this offering.
Except in limited circumstances, shares of convertible stock will not be entitled to vote on any matter, or to receive notice of, or to participate in, any meeting of our stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote. However, the affirmative vote of the holders of more than two-thirds of the outstanding shares of convertible stock will be required (1) for any amendment, alteration or repeal of any provision of our charter that materially and adversely changes the rights of the holders of the convertible stock or (2) to effect a merger of our company into another entity, or a merger of another entity into our company, unless in each case each share of convertible stock (A) will remain outstanding without a material and adverse change to its terms and rights or (B) will be converted into or exchanged for shares of stock or other ownership interest of the surviving entity having rights identical to that of our convertible stock.
Each outstanding share of our convertible stock will convert into the number of shares of our common stock described below if:
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we have made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of our common stock equal to the price paid for those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the price paid for those outstanding shares of common stock; or |
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we list our common stock for trading on a national securities exchange. For these purposes, a “listing” also will be deemed to occur on the effective date of any merger in which the consideration received by the holders of our common stock are cash and/or the securities of another issuer that is listed on a national securities exchange. |
Upon the occurrence of either triggering event described above, each share of convertible stock will be converted into a number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 15% of the amount, if any, by which (1) the enterprise value (determined in accordance with the provisions of the charter and summarized in the second following paragraph) as of the date of the event triggering the conversion plus the total distributions paid to our stockholders through such date on the then outstanding shares of our common stock exceeds (2) the sum of the aggregate purchase price paid for those outstanding shares of common stock plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the price paid for those outstanding shares of common stock, divided by (B) the enterprise value divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case, as of the date of the event triggering the conversion. In the case of a conversion upon a listing, the number of shares to be issued will not be determined until the 31st trading day after the date of the listing.
Unless the advisory agreement is terminated or not renewed because of a material breach by our advisor, in the event that either of the events triggering the conversion of the convertible stock occurs after a “triggering event,” as defined below, each share of convertible stock will be converted into that number of shares of common stock as described in the preceding paragraph, multiplied by the quotient of (A) the number of days since the effective date of this offering during which the advisory agreement with our advisor was in force divided by (B) the number of days elapsed from the effective date of this offering through the date of the “triggering event.” As used herein and in our charter, “triggering event” means a termination or expiration without renewal (except to the extent of a termination or expiration with our company followed by the adoption of the same or substantially similar advisory agreement with a successor, whether by merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of our assets, or otherwise) of our advisory agreement with our advisor for any reason except for a termination or expiration without renewal due to a material breach of the advisory agreement by our advisor.
As used above and in our charter, “enterprise value” as of a specific date means our actual value as a going concern on the applicable date based on the difference between (A) the actual value of all of our assets as determined in good faith by our board, including a majority of the independent directors, and (B) all of our liabilities as set forth on our balance sheet for the period ended immediately prior to the determination date, provided that (1) if such value is being determined in connection with a change of control that establishes our net worth, then the value shall be the net worth established thereby and (2) if such value is being determined in connection with the listing of our common stock for trading on a national securities exchange, then the value shall be the number of outstanding shares of common stock multiplied by the closing price of a single share of common stock, averaged over a period of 30 trading days, as mutually agreed upon by the board of directors, including a majority of the independent directors and the advisor. If the holder of shares of convertible stock disagrees with the value determined by the board, then each of the holder of the convertible stock and us shall name one appraiser and the two named appraisers shall promptly agree in good faith to the appointment of one other appraiser whose determination of the value of the company shall be final and binding on the parties. The cost of such appraisal will be shared evenly between us and our advisor.
Our charter provides that if we:
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reclassify or otherwise recapitalize our outstanding common stock (except to change the par value, or to change from no par value to par value, or to subdivide or otherwise split or combine shares); or |
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consolidate or merge with another entity in a transaction in which we are either (1) not the surviving entity or (2) the surviving entity but that results in a reclassification or recapitalization of our common stock (except to change the par value, or to change from no par value to par value, or to subdivide or otherwise split or combine shares), |
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then we or the successor or purchasing business entity must provide that the holder of each share of our convertible stock outstanding at the time one of the events triggering conversion described above occurs will continue to have the right to convert the convertible stock upon such a triggering event. After one of the above transactions occurs, the convertible stock will be convertible into the kind and amount of stock and other securities and property received by the holders of common stock in the transaction that occurred, such that upon conversion, the holders of convertible stock will realize as nearly as possible the same economic rights and effects as described above in the description of the conversion of our convertible stock. This right will apply to successive reclassifications, recapitalizations, consolidations and mergers until the convertible stock is converted.
Our board of directors will oversee the conversion of the convertible stock to ensure that the number of shares of common stock issuable in connection with the conversion is calculated in accordance with the terms of our charter. Further, if in the good faith judgment of our board of directors full conversion of the convertible stock would cause a holder of our stock to violate the 9.8% Ownership Limitation or the Excepted Holder Ownership Limitation (collectively referred to as the “Convertible Stock Limitations”), then only such number of shares of convertible stock (or fraction of a share thereof) will be converted into shares of our common stock such that no holder of our stock would violate the Convertible Stock Limitations. The conversion of the remaining shares of convertible stock will be deferred until the earliest date after our board of directors determines that such conversion will not violate the Convertible Stock Limitations. Any such deferral will not otherwise alter the terms of the convertible stock.
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IMPORTANT PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND CORPORATE LAW AND
OUR CHARTER AND BYLAWS
The following is a summary of some important provisions of Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws in effect as of the date of this prospectus, copies of which may be obtained from our company.
Our Charter and Bylaws
Stockholder rights and related matters are governed by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, and our charter and bylaws. Our board of directors, including our independent directors, reviewed, ratified and unanimously approved our charter and bylaws. Provisions of our charter and bylaws, which are summarized below, may make it more difficult to change the composition of our board of directors and may discourage or make more difficult any attempt by a person or group to obtain control of our company.
Stockholders’ Meetings
An annual meeting of our stockholders will be held upon reasonable notice and within a reasonable period (not less than 30 days) following delivery of our annual report for the purpose of electing directors and for the transaction of such other business as may come before the meeting. A special meeting of our stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the bylaws, including by the president or a majority of our board of directors or a majority of the independent directors, and will be called by the secretary upon written request of stockholders holding in the aggregate at least 10% of the outstanding shares. Upon receipt of a written request, either in person or by mail, stating the purpose(s) of the meeting, we will provide all stockholders, within 10 days after receipt of this request, written notice, either in person or by mail, of a meeting and the purpose of such meeting to be held on a date not less than 15 nor more than 60 days after the distribution of such notice, at a time and place specified in the request, or if none is specified, at a time and place convenient to our stockholders. At any meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder is entitled to one vote for each share owned of record on the applicable record date. In general, the presence in person or by proxy of 50% of the outstanding shares constitutes a quorum, and the majority vote of our stockholders will be binding on all of our stockholders.
Our Board of Directors
Our charter provides that, upon this offering commencing, a majority of the directors will be independent directors. This provision may only be amended if the amendment is declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. A vacancy in our board of directors caused by the death, resignation or incapacity of a director or by an increase in the number of directors may be filled only by the vote of a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. With respect to a vacancy created by the death, resignation or incapacity of an independent director, the remaining independent directors will nominate a replacement. Any director may resign at any time and may be removed with or without cause by our stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.
Each director will serve a term beginning on the date of his or her election and ending on the next annual meeting of the stockholders and when his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Because holders of common stock have no right to cumulative voting for the election of directors, at each annual meeting of stockholders, the holders of the shares of common stock with a majority of the voting power of the common stock will be able to elect all of the directors.
Fiduciary Duties
Our advisor and directors are deemed to be in a fiduciary relationship to us and our stockholders and our directors have a fiduciary duty to the stockholders to supervise our relationship with the advisor.
Limitation of Liability and Indemnification
Maryland law permits us to include in our charter a provision limiting the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (1) actual receipt of an improper
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benefit or profit in money, property or services or (2) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
Maryland law permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (1) was committed in bad faith or (2) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
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the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
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in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful. |
However, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
Finally, Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
Our charter limits the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for monetary damages and requires us to indemnify and advance expenses to our directors, our officers, our advisor and its affiliates (including any director or officer who is or was serving at the request of our company as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise) except to the extent prohibited by Maryland law and as set forth below.
In spite of the above provisions of Maryland law, our charter provides that a director, our advisor and any affiliate of our advisor will be indemnified by us for losses suffered by such person and held harmless for losses suffered by us only if all of the following conditions are met:
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the party was acting on behalf of or performing services on the part of our company; |
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the party has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct which caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of our company; |
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such indemnification or agreement to be held harmless is recoverable only out of our net assets and not from our stockholders; and |
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such liability or loss was not the result of: |
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negligence or misconduct by our directors (other than the independent directors) or our advisor or its affiliates; or |
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gross negligence or willful misconduct by the independent directors. |
The SEC takes the position that indemnification against liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 is against public policy and unenforceable. Furthermore, our charter prohibits us from indemnifying our directors, our advisor or its affiliates or broker-dealers for liabilities arising from or out of a violation of state or federal securities laws, unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
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there has been a successful determination on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the party seeking indemnification; |
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such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the party seeking indemnification; or |
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a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the party seeking indemnification and finds that indemnification of the settlement and related costs should be made and the court considering the request has been advised of the position of the SEC and of the published opinions of any state securities regulatory authority in which shares of our stock were offered and sold as to indemnification for securities law violations. |
We may advance amounts to our directors, our advisor and its affiliates for reasonable expenses and costs incurred as a result of any proceeding for which indemnification is being sought in advance of a final disposition of the proceeding only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
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the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services by the indemnified party for or on behalf of our company; |
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the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder of our company or the legal action is initiated by a stockholder of our company acting in his or her capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; |
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the party receiving such advances furnishes our company with a written statement of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct described above; and |
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the indemnified party receiving such advances furnishes to our company a written undertaking, personally executed on his or her behalf, to repay the advanced funds to our company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that he or she did not meet the standard of conduct described above. |
Authorizations of payments will be made by a majority vote of a quorum of disinterested directors.
Also, our board of directors may cause our company to indemnify or contract to indemnify any person not specified above who was, is, or may become a party to any proceeding, by reason of the fact that he or she is or was an employee or agent of our company, to the same extent as if such person were specified as one whom indemnification is granted as described above. Any determination to indemnify or contract to indemnify will be made by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of disinterested directors.
We may also purchase and maintain insurance to indemnify such parties against the liability assumed by them whether or not we are required or have the power to indemnify them against this same liability.
Inspection of Books and Records
Our advisor will keep, or cause to be kept, on our behalf, full and true books of account on an accrual basis of accounting, in accordance with GAAP. We will maintain at all times at our principal office all of our books of account, together with all of our other records, including a copy of our charter.
Any stockholder or his or her agent will be permitted access to all of our records at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them. We will permit the official or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction to inspect our books and records upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours. As part of our books and records, we will maintain an alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of our stockholders along with the number of shares held by each of them. We will make the stockholder list available for inspection by any stockholder or his or her agent at our principal office upon the request of the stockholder.
We will update, or cause to be updated, the stockholder list at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein.
We will mail a copy of the stockholder list to any stockholder requesting the stockholder list within ten days of the request, subject to verification of the purpose for which the list is requested, as discussed below. The copy of the stockholder list will be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size. We may impose a reasonable charge for copy work incurred in reproducing the stockholder list.
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The purposes for which a stockholder may request a copy of the stockholder list include, without limitation, matters relating to stockholders’ voting rights and the exercise of stockholders’ rights under federal proxy laws.
If our advisor or our board of directors neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the stockholder list as requested, our advisor and our board of directors will be liable to any stockholder requesting the list for the costs, including attorneys’ fees, incurred by that stockholder for compelling the production of the stockholder list, and for actual damages suffered by any stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It will be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the stockholder list is to secure such list of stockholders or other information for the purpose of selling such list or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a stockholder relative to the affairs of our company. We may require that the stockholder requesting the stockholder list represent that he or she is not requesting the list for a commercial purpose unrelated to the stockholder’s interests in our company and that he or she will not make any commercial distribution of such list or the information disclosed through such inspection. These remedies are in addition to, and will not in any way limit, other remedies available to stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.
The list may not be sold for commercial purposes.
Tender Offers
Our charter provides that any tender offer made by any person, including any “mini-tender” offer, must comply with most of the provisions of Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including the notice and disclosure requirements. Among other things, the offeror must provide us notice of such tender offer at least ten business days before initiating the tender offer. If the offeror does not comply with the provisions set forth above, we will have the right to redeem that offeror’s shares, if any, and any shares acquired in such tender offer. In addition, the non-complying offeror will be responsible for all of our expenses in connection with that offeror’s noncompliance.
Restrictions on Roll-Up Transactions
In connection with a proposed “roll-up transaction,” which, in general terms, is any transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation, directly or indirectly, of our company and the issuance of securities of an entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction, we will obtain an appraisal of all of our properties from an independent expert. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of the entity surviving completion of the roll-up transaction, the appraisal shall be filed as an exhibit with the SEC and, if applicable, the states in which registration of such securities are sought, as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. In order to qualify as an independent expert for this purpose, the person or entity must have no material current or prior business or personal relationship with our advisor or directors and must be engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of assets of the type held by our company. Our properties will be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal will be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and will indicate the value of our properties as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed roll-up transaction. The appraisal will assume an orderly liquidation of properties over a 12-month period. The terms of the engagement of such independent expert will clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of our company and our stockholders. We will include a summary of the independent appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, in a report to the stockholders in connection with a proposed roll-up transaction.
In connection with a proposed roll-up transaction, the person sponsoring the roll-up transaction must offer to common stockholders who vote against the proposal a choice of:
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accepting the securities of the entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction offered in the proposed roll-up transaction; or |
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one of the following: |
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remaining stockholders of our company and preserving their interests in our company on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or |
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receiving cash in an amount equal to the stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of our net assets. |
Our company is prohibited from participating in any proposed roll-up transaction:
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which would result in the common stockholders having voting rights in the entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction that are less than those provided in our charter, including rights with respect to the election and removal of directors, annual reports, annual and special meetings, amendment of the charter, and dissolution of our company; |
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which includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of shares by any purchaser of the securities of the entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction, except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of such entity, or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction on the basis of the number of shares held by that investor; |
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in which a common stockholder’s rights to access of records of the entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of the roll-up transaction will be less than those provided in our charter and described in “Inspection of Books and Records,” above; or |
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in which our company would bear any of the costs of the roll-up transaction if our stockholders reject the roll-up transaction. |
Anti-Takeover Provisions of the MGCL
The following paragraphs summarize some provisions of Maryland law and our charter and bylaws which may delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control of our company that might involve a premium price for our stockholders.
Business Combinations
Under the MGCL, certain “business combinations” (including a merger, consolidation, share exchange or, in certain circumstances, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities) between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder (defined as any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s then outstanding voting stock or an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation) or an affiliate of such an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approved in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board. After the five-year prohibition, any such business combination must be recommended by the board of directors of such corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least (1) 80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation and (2) two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than voting stock held by the interested stockholder with whom (or with whose affiliate) the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder, unless, among other conditions, the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price (as defined in the MGCL) for their shares and the consideration is received in cash or in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares. These provisions of the MGCL do not apply, however, to business combinations that are approved or exempted by a board of directors prior to the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.
Pursuant to the statute, our board of directors has opted out of these provisions of the MGCL provided that the business combination is first approved by our board, and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any person unless the board fails to approve the business combination. As a result, any person may be able to enter into business combinations with us that may not be in the best interest of our stockholders without compliance by our company with the super-majority vote requirements and the other provisions of the statute.
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Control Share Acquisitions
The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors:
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a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition; |
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an officer of the corporation; or |
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an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. |
“Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
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one-tenth or more but less than one-third; |
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one-third or more but less than a majority; or |
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a majority or more of all voting power. |
Control shares do not include shares the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of control shares, subject to certain exceptions.
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
The control share acquisition statute does not apply to (1) shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (2) acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock. We cannot assure you that such provision will not be amended or eliminated at any time in the future.
Subtitle 8
Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
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a classified board; |
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a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director; |
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a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors; |
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a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred; and |
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a majority requirement for the calling of a special meeting of stockholders. |
We have elected, at such time as we are eligible to make the election provided for under Subtitle 8, to provide that vacancies on our board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which the vacancy occurred. Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already vest in our board of directors the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships.
Dissolution or Termination of Our Company
We are an infinite-life corporation which may be dissolved under the MGCL at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of our entire board and of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Our operating partnership has a perpetual existence. Depending upon then prevailing market conditions, it is our intention to consider beginning the process of listing our shares of common stock, or liquidating our assets and distributing the net proceeds to our stockholders within four to six years after the termination of our offering stage. See “Investment Strategy, Objectives and Policies — Listing or Liquidation Policy.”
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business
Our bylaws provide that with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by the board of directors or (3) by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to the board of directors at a special meeting may be made only (1) pursuant to our notice of the meeting, (2) by the board of directors or (3) provided that the board of directors has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.
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THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP AGREEMENT
General
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., which we refer to as our operating partnership, is a newly formed Delaware limited partnership. We expect to own substantially all of our assets and conduct our operations through the operating partnership. We are the sole general partner of the operating partnership and, as of the date of this prospectus, our wholly owned subsidiary, Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC, is the sole limited partner of the operating partnership. As the sole general partner, we have the exclusive power to manage and conduct the business of the operating partnership.
As we accept subscriptions for shares in this offering, we will transfer substantially all of the net proceeds of the offering to our operating partnership as a capital contribution in exchange for units of limited partnership interest that will be held by our wholly owned subsidiary, Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC; however, we will be deemed to have made capital contributions in the amount of the gross offering proceeds received from investors. The operating partnership will be deemed to have simultaneously paid the selling commissions and other costs associated with the offering.
As a result of this structure, we are considered an UPREIT, or an umbrella partnership real estate investment trust. An UPREIT is a structure that REITs often use to acquire real property from sellers on a tax-deferred basis because the sellers can generally accept partnership units and defer taxable gain otherwise required to be recognized by them upon the disposition of their properties. Such sellers may also desire to achieve diversity in their investment and other benefits afforded to stockholders in a REIT. For purposes of satisfying the asset and income tests for qualification as a REIT, the REIT’s proportionate share of the assets and income of the operating partnership will be deemed to be assets and income of the REIT.
If we ever decide to acquire properties in exchange for units of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership, we expect to amend and restate the partnership agreement to provide substantially as set forth below.
Capital Contributions
We would expect the partnership agreement to require us to contribute the proceeds of any offering of our shares of stock to the operating partnership as an additional capital contribution. If we did contribute additional capital to the operating partnership, we would receive additional partnership interests and our percentage interest in the operating partnership would be increased on a proportionate basis based upon the amount of such additional capital contributions and the value of the operating partnership at the time of such contributions. We also expect that the partnership agreement would allow us to cause the operating partnership to issue partnership interests for less than their fair market value if we conclude in good faith that such issuance is in the best interest of the operating partnership and us. The operating partnership would also be able to issue preferred partnership interests in connection with acquisitions of property or otherwise. These preferred partnership interests could have priority over common partnership interests with respect to distributions from the operating partnership, including priority over the partnership interests that we would own as a limited partner. If the operating partnership would require additional funds at any time in excess of capital contributions made by us or from borrowing, we could borrow funds from a financial institution or other lender and lend such funds to the operating partnership on the same terms and conditions as are applicable to our borrowing of such funds.
Operations
We would expect the partnership agreement to provide that, so long as we remain qualified as a REIT, the operating partnership would be operated in a manner that would enable us to satisfy the requirements for being classified as a REIT for tax purposes. We would also have the power to take actions to ensure that the operating partnership would not be classified as a “publicly traded partnership” for purposes of Section 7704 of the Code. Classification as a publicly traded partnership could result in the operating partnership being taxed as a corporation, rather than as a partnership.
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Distributions and Allocations of Profits and Losses
The partnership agreement would provide that the operating partnership would distribute cash flow from operations to its partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests on at least a monthly basis in amounts that we determine. The effect of these distributions would be that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in our operating partnership would receive the same amount of annual cash flow distributions as the amount of annual distributions paid to the holder of one of our shares of common stock.
Similarly, the partnership agreement would provide that the operating partnership would allocate taxable income to its partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests. Subject to compliance with the provisions of Sections 704(b) and 704(c) of the Code and the corresponding Treasury regulations, the effect of these allocations would be that a holder of one unit of limited partnership interest in the operating partnership would be allocated taxable income for each taxable year in an amount equal to the amount of taxable income to be recognized by a holder of one of our shares of common stock. Losses, if any, would generally be allocated among the partners in accordance with their respective percentage interests in the operating partnership. Losses could not be passed through to our stockholders.
Upon liquidation of the operating partnership, after payment of, or adequate provision for, debts and obligations of the operating partnership, including partner loans, any remaining assets of the operating partnership would be distributed to its partners in accordance with their respective positive capital account balances.
Rights, Obligations and Powers of the General Partner
We would expect to be the sole general partner of the operating partnership. As sole general partner, we generally would have complete and exclusive discretion to manage and control the operating partnership’s business and to make all decisions affecting its assets. Under an amended and restated partnership agreement, we would also expect to have the authority to:
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acquire, purchase, own, operate, lease and dispose of any real property and any other assets; |
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construct buildings and make other improvements on owned or leased properties; |
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authorize, issue, sell, redeem or otherwise purchase any debt or other securities; |
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borrow or loan money; |
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originate loans; |
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make or revoke any tax election; |
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maintain insurance coverage in amounts and types as we determine is necessary; |
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retain employees or other service providers; |
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form or acquire interests in joint ventures; and |
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merge, consolidate or combine the operating partnership with another entity. |
As it will upon commencement of this offering, under an amended and restated partnership agreement, we expect that the operating partnership would pay all of the administrative and operating costs and expenses it incurs in acquiring and operating real properties. The operating partnership would also pay all of our administrative costs and expenses and such expenses would be treated as expenses of the operating partnership. Such expenses would include:
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all expenses relating to our formation and continuity of existence; |
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all expenses relating to the public offering and registration of our securities; |
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all expenses associated with the preparation and filing of our periodic reports under federal, state or local laws or regulations; |
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all expenses associated with our compliance with applicable laws, rules and regulations; and |
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all of our other operating or administrative costs incurred in the ordinary course of business. |
The only costs and expenses we could incur that the operating partnership would not reimburse would be costs and expenses relating to properties we may own outside of the operating partnership. We would pay the expenses relating to such properties directly.
Exchange Rights
We expect that an amended and restated partnership agreement would also provide for exchange rights. We expect the limited partners of the operating partnership would have the right to cause the operating partnership to redeem their units of limited partnership interest for cash equal to the value of an equivalent number of our shares, or, at our option, we could purchase their units of limited partnership interest for cash or by issuing one share of our common stock for each unit redeemed. Limited partners, however, would not be able to exercise this exchange right if and to the extent that the delivery of our shares upon such exercise would:
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result in any person owning shares in excess of the ownership limit in our charter (unless exempted by our board of directors); |
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result in our shares being owned by fewer than 100 persons; |
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result in our shares being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code; or |
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cause us to own 10% or more of the ownership interests in a tenant within the meaning of Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code. |
Furthermore, limited partners could exercise their exchange rights only after their units of limited partnership interest had been outstanding for one year. A limited partner could not deliver more than two exchange notices each calendar year and would not be able to exercise an exchange right for less than 1,000 units of limited partnership interest, unless such limited partner held less than 1,000 units. In that case, he would be required to exercise his exchange right for all of his units.
Change in General Partner
We expect that we generally would not be able to withdraw as the general partner of the operating partnership or transfer our general partnership interest in the operating partnership (unless we transferred our interest to a wholly owned subsidiary). The principal exception to this would be if we merged with another entity and (1) the holders of a majority of partnership units (including those we held) approved the transaction; (2) the limited partners received or had the right to receive an amount of cash, securities or other property equal in value to the amount they would have received if they had exercised their exchange rights immediately before such transaction; (3) we were the surviving entity and our stockholders did not receive cash, securities or other property in the transaction; or (4) the successor entity contributed substantially all of its assets to the operating partnership in return for an interest in the operating partnership and agreed to assume all obligations of the general partner of the operating partnership. If we voluntarily sought protection under bankruptcy or state insolvency laws, or if we were involuntarily placed under such protection for more than 90 days, we would be deemed to be automatically removed as the general partner. Otherwise, the limited partners would not have the right to remove us as general partner.
Transferability of Interests
With certain exceptions, the limited partners would not be able to transfer their interests in the operating partnership, in whole or in part, without our written consent as the general partner.
Amendment of Limited Partnership Agreement
We expect amendments to the amended and restated partnership agreement would require the consent of the holders of a majority of the partnership units including the partnership units we and our affiliates held. Additionally, we, as general partner, would be required to approve any amendment. We expect that certain amendments would have to be approved by a majority of the units held by third-party limited partners.
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FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS
The following is a summary of the federal income tax considerations associated with an investment in our common stock that may be relevant to you. The statements made in this section of the prospectus are based upon current provisions of the Code and Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder, as currently applicable, currently published administrative positions of the Internal Revenue Service and judicial decisions, all of which are subject to change, either prospectively or retroactively. We cannot assure you that any changes will not modify the conclusions expressed in counsel’s opinions described herein. This summary does not address all possible tax considerations that may be material to an investor and does not constitute legal or tax advice. Moreover, this summary does not deal with all tax aspects that might be relevant to you, as a prospective stockholder, in light of your personal circumstances, nor does it deal with particular types of stockholders that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, holders whose shares are acquired through the exercise of share options or otherwise as compensation, holders whose shares are acquired through the distribution reinvestment plan or who intend to sell their shares under the share redemption program, tax-exempt organizations (except as provided below), financial institutions or broker-dealers, or foreign corporations or persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States (except as provided below). The Code provisions governing the federal income tax treatment of REITs and their stockholders are highly technical and complex, and this summary is qualified in its entirety by the express language of applicable Code provisions, Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.
The statements in this section are based on the current federal income tax laws governing qualification as a REIT. We cannot assure you that new laws, interpretations thereof, or court decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively, will not cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate.
We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of investing in our common stock and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such investment and election, and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.
Taxation of Our Company
We intend to elect to be taxed as a REIT commencing with our taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement. We believe that, commencing with such taxable year, we will be organized and will operate in a manner so as to qualify as a REIT under the federal income tax laws. We cannot assure you, however, that we will qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. This section discusses the laws governing the federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its stockholders, which laws are highly technical and complex.
Alston & Bird LLP has acted as tax counsel to us in connection with this offering. Alston & Bird LLP is of the opinion that, commencing with the taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement, we will be organized in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code, and our proposed method of operations will enable us to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT. Alston & Bird LLP’s opinion is based solely on our representations with respect to factual matters concerning our business operations and our properties. Alston & Bird LLP has not independently verified these facts. In addition, our qualification as a REIT depends, among other things, upon our meeting the requirements of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code throughout each year. Accordingly, because our satisfaction of such requirements will depend upon future events, including the final determination of financial and operational results, no assurance can be given that we will satisfy the REIT requirements commencing with our taxable year in which we satisfy the minimum offering requirement or in any future year.
Our REIT qualification depends on our ability to meet on a continuing basis several qualification tests set forth in the federal tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that fall within specified categories, the diversity of our share ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. We describe the REIT qualification tests, and the consequences of our failure to meet those tests, in more detail below. Alston & Bird LLP will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, neither we nor Alston & Bird LLP can assure you that we will satisfy those tests.
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If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation,” which means taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation.
However, we will be subject to federal tax in the following circumstances:
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we will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned; |
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we may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on any items of tax preference that we do not distribute or allocate to our stockholders; |
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we will pay income tax at the highest corporate rate on (1) net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business and (2) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property; |
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we will pay a 100% tax on our net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business; |
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if we fail to satisfy either the 75% Income Test or the 95% Income Test, as described below under “— Income Tests,” and nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will pay a 100% tax on (1) the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% Income Tests, multiplied by (2) a fraction intended to reflect our profitability; |
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if we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary net income for such year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year (unless an election is made as provided below) and (3) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will pay a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amount we actually distributed; |
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we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our net long-term capital gain. In that case, a United States stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain and would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid; |
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if we fail certain of the REIT asset tests and do not qualify for “de minimis” relief, we may be required to pay a corporate level tax on the income generated by the assets that caused us to violate the asset test; |
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income earned by any of our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be subject to tax at regular corporate rates; |
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pursuant to provisions in recently enacted legislation, if we should fail to satisfy the asset or other requirements applicable to REITs, as described below, yet nonetheless maintain our qualification as a REIT because there is reasonable cause for the failure and other applicable requirements are met, we may be subject to an excise tax. In that case, the amount of the tax will be at least $50,000 per failure, and, in the case of certain asset test failures, will be determined as the amount of net income generated by the assets in question multiplied by the highest corporate tax rate (currently 35%) if that amount exceeds $50,000 per failure; and |
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if we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation generally subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a tax basis determined by reference to the C corporation’s basis in the asset, we will pay tax at the highest regular corporate rate if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of such asset during the 10-year period after we acquire such asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax is the lesser of (1) the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition and (2) the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired the asset. |
Requirements for Qualification
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. is a corporation that, it is anticipated, will meet the following requirements:
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it is managed by one or more trustees or directors; |
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its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares, or by transferable certificates of beneficial interest; |
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it would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for the REIT provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
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it is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to specified provisions of the federal income tax laws; |
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at least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its shares or ownership certificates; |
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not more than 50% in value of its outstanding shares or ownership certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, including specified entities, during the last half of any taxable year; |
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it elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the Internal Revenue Service that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status; |
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it uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the record keeping requirements of the federal income tax laws; and |
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it meets other qualification tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets. |
We must meet requirements 1 through 4 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Requirements 5 and 6 will not apply to us until our second taxable year.
If we comply with all the requirements for ascertaining the ownership of our outstanding shares in a taxable year and have no reason to know that requirement 6 above was violated, we will be deemed to have satisfied that requirement for such taxable year. For purposes of determining share ownership under requirement 6, a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, and a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes are each considered one individual owner. However, a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws is not considered one owner but rather all of the beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our shares in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6.
We plan to issue sufficient common stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 set forth above. In addition, our charter restricts the ownership and transfer of our stock so that we should continue to satisfy requirements 5 and 6. The provisions of our charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock are described in “Description of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is not treated as a corporation separate from its parent REIT. All assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” are considered to be assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT. A “qualified REIT subsidiary” is a corporation, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. Thus, in applying the requirements described herein, any of our “qualified REIT subsidiaries” will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of such subsidiaries will be considered to be assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of our company. We currently do not have any corporate subsidiaries, but we may have corporate subsidiaries in the future.
Our operating partnership is a wholly owned subsidiary of us, which means that is disregarded as a separate entity from us for U.S. federal income tax purposes. Thus, the assets, liabilities and items of income of our operating partnership will be treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income of us for purposes of applying the requirements described in this prospectus. In the event that a disregarded subsidiary of ours, such as the operating partnership, ceases to be wholly owned — for example, if any equity interest in the subsidiary is acquired by a person other than us or another disregarded subsidiary of ours — the subsidiary’s separate existence would no longer be disregarded for federal income tax purposes. Instead, the subsidiary would have multiple owners and would be treated as either a partnership or a taxable corporation. Such an event could, depending on the circumstances, adversely affect our ability to satisfy the various asset and gross income requirements applicable to REITs, including the requirement that REITs generally may not own, directly or indirectly, more than 10% of the securities of another corporation. See “— Asset Tests” and “— Income Tests.”
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In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. In addition, the character of the assets and gross income of the partnership will retain the same character in the hands of the REIT for purposes of the REIT requirements, including the asset and income tests described below.
The Code provides relief from violations of the REIT gross income requirements, as described below under “Income Tests,” in cases where a violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other requirements are met, including the payment of a penalty tax that is based upon the magnitude of the violation. In addition, the Code includes provisions that extend similar relief in the case of certain violations of the REIT asset requirements and other REIT requirements, again provided that the violation is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, and other conditions are met, including the payment of a penalty tax. If we fail to satisfy any of the various REIT requirements, there can be no assurance that these relief provisions would be available to enable us to maintain our qualification as a REIT, and, if available, the amount of any resultant penalty tax could be substantial.
Income Tests
We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to qualify and maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or temporary investment income. This test is referred to as the “75% Income Test.” Qualifying income for purposes of the 75% Income Test includes:
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“rents from real property;” |
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interest on debt or obligations secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property; and |
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dividends or other distributions on and gain from the sale of shares in other REITs. |
Second, at least 95% of our gross income, excluding gross income from prohibited transactions, for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% Income Test described above, dividends, other types of interest, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or any combination of the foregoing. This test is referred to as the “95% Income Test.” The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of those tests to our company.
Rents and Interest
Rent that we receive from our tenants will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the gross income requirements for a REIT described above only if the following conditions are met:
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The amount of rent must not be based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person, but may be based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. |
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Neither we nor a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our stock may own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of a tenant from whom we receive rent, known as a “related party tenant.” |
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If the rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with a lease of our real property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease, the rent that is attributable to personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property.” |
We generally must not operate or manage our real property or furnish or render services to our tenants, other than through a taxable subsidiary or an “independent contractor” who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive revenue. However, we need not provide services through an independent contractor, but instead may provide services directly, if the services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” In addition, we may render a de minimis amount of “non-customary” services to the tenants of a property, other than through a taxable subsidiary or an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services does not exceed 1% of our gross income from the property.
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As a result, we may establish taxable REIT subsidiaries to hold assets generating non-qualifying income. Rent paid by a taxable REIT subsidiary will constitute rents from real property for purposes of the 75% and 95% Income Tests only if the lease is respected as a true lease for federal income tax purposes and is not treated as a service contract, joint venture or some other type of arrangement. The determination of whether a lease is a true lease depends on an analysis of all the surrounding facts and circumstances. Potential investors in shares of our common stock should be aware, however, that there are no controlling regulations, published administrative rulings or judicial decisions involving leases with terms substantially similar to the contemplated leases between our operating partnership and the a taxable REIT subsidiary that discuss whether the leases constitute true leases for federal income tax purposes. We intend to structure any leases with a taxable REIT subsidiary as true leases for federal income tax purposes; however, there can be no assurance that the IRS or a court will not assert a contrary position. If any of these leases are re-characterized as service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than as true leases, part or all of the payment that we receive from such taxable REIT subsidiary would not be considered rent or would otherwise fail the various requirements for qualification as rents from real property.
Additionally, we may, from time to time, enter into hedging transactions with respect to interest rate exposure on one or more of our assets or liabilities. Any such hedging transactions could take a variety of forms, including the use of derivative transactions such as interest rate swap contracts, interest rate cap or floor contracts futures or forward contracts and options. Any income or gain derived by us from instruments that hedge certain risks, such as the risk of changes in interest rates or currency fluctuations, will not be treated as gross income for purposes of either the 75% or the 95% Income Test, provided that specified requirements are met. Such requirements include that the hedging transaction be properly identified within prescribed time periods and that the transaction either (1) hedges risks associated with indebtedness issued by us that is incurred to acquire or carry “real estate assets” (as described below under “— Asset Tests”) or (2) manages the risks of currency fluctuations with respect to income or gain that qualifies under the 75% or 95% Income Test (or assets that generate such income). We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
We may invest the net offering proceeds in liquid assets such as government securities or certificates of deposit. For purposes of the 75% Income Test, income attributable to a stock or debt instrument purchased with the proceeds received by a REIT in exchange for stock in the REIT (other than amounts received pursuant to a distribution reinvestment plan) constitutes qualified temporary investment income if such income is received or accrued during the one-year period beginning on the date the REIT receives such new capital. To the extent that we hold any proceeds of the offering for longer than one year, we may invest those amounts in less liquid investments such as mortgage-backed securities, maturing mortgage loans purchased from mortgage lenders or shares of common stock in other REITs to satisfy the 75% and 95% Income Tests and the Asset Tests described below. We expect the bulk of the remainder of our income to qualify under the 75% and 95% Income Tests as gains from the sale of real property interests, interest on mortgages on real property and rents from real property in accordance with the requirements described above.
We do not expect to charge rent for any of our properties that is based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person, except by reason of being based on a fixed percentage of gross revenues, as described above. Furthermore, we have represented that, to the extent that the receipt of such rent would jeopardize our REIT status, we will not charge rent for any of our properties that is based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person. In addition, we do not anticipate receiving rent from a related party tenant, and we have represented that, to the extent that the receipt of such rent would jeopardize our REIT status, we will not lease any of our properties to a related party tenant. We also do not anticipate that we will receive rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with a lease of our real property that exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease. Furthermore, we have represented that, to the extent that the receipt of such rent would jeopardize our REIT status, we will not allow the rent attributable to personal property leased in connection with a lease of our real property to exceed 15% of the total rent received under the lease. Finally, we do not expect to furnish or render, other than under the 1% de minimis rule described above, “non-customary” services to our tenants other than through an independent contractor, and we have represented that, to the extent that the provision of such services would jeopardize our REIT status, we will not provide such services to our tenants other than through an independent contractor.
If our rent attributable to the personal property leased in connection with a lease of our real property exceeds 15% of the total rent we receive under the lease for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to
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personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% Income Test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that we receive during the taxable year that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 95% Income Test, exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. Furthermore, if either (1) the rent we receive under a lease of our property is considered based, in whole or in part, on the income or profits of any person or (2) the tenant under such lease is a related party tenant, none of the rent we receive under such lease would qualify as “rents from real property.” In that case, if the rent we receive under such lease, plus any other income that we receive during the taxable year that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 95% Income Test, exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status. Finally, if the rent we receive under a lease of our property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because we furnish non-customary services to the tenant under such lease, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or under the 1% de minimis exception described above, none of the rent we receive from the related party would qualify as “rents from real property.” In that case, if the rent we receive from such property, plus any other income that we receive during the taxable year that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 95% Income Test, exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status.
To the extent that we receive from our tenants reimbursements of amounts that the tenants are obligated to pay to third parties or penalties for the nonpayment or late payment of such amounts, those amounts should qualify as “rents from real property.” However, to the extent that we receive interest accrued on the late payment of the rent or other charges, that interest will not qualify as “rents from real property,” but instead will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% Income Test. We may receive income not described above that is not qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests. We will monitor the amount of non-qualifying income that our assets produce and we will manage our portfolio to comply at all times with the gross income tests.
For purposes of the 75% and 95% Income Tests, the term “interest” generally excludes any amount that is based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, the term “interest” generally does not exclude an amount solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Furthermore, if a loan contains a provision that entitles a REIT to a percentage of the borrower’s gain upon the sale of the secured property or a percentage of the appreciation in the property’s value as of a specific date, income attributable to such provision will be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property, which generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% Income Tests. In addition, interest received on debt obligations that are not secured by a mortgage on real property may not be qualified income, and would be excluded from income for purposes of the 75% and 95% Income Tests.
Failure to Satisfy Income Tests
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% and 95% Income Tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for such year if we qualify for relief under the relief provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions generally will be available if:
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our failure to meet such tests is due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect; |
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we attach a schedule of the sources of our income to our tax return; and |
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any incorrect information on the schedule was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. |
We cannot predict, however, whether in all circumstances we would qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in “— Taxation of Our Company,” even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of the amounts by which we fail the 75% and 95% Income Tests, multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
Prohibited Transaction Rules
A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business. We anticipate that none of our assets will be held for sale to customers and that a sale of any such asset would not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the facts and circumstances in effect from time to
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time, including those related to a particular asset. Nevertheless, we will attempt to comply with the terms of safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction, and will otherwise attempt to avoid any sale of assets that will be treated as being held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.” We cannot provide assurance, however, that we can comply with such safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property that we hold “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.”
Foreclosure Property
Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (1) that we acquire as the result of having bid on the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after a default (or upon imminent default) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by us and secured by the property, (2) for which we acquired the related loan or lease at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated and (3) with respect to which we made a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. We generally will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property. To the extent that we receive any income from foreclosure property that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, we intend to make an election to treat the related property as foreclosure property.
Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income
An entity, or a portion of an entity, may be classified as a taxable mortgage pool, or “TMP,” under the Code if:
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substantially all of its assets consist of debt obligations or interests in debt obligations; |
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more than 50% of those debt obligations are real estate mortgages or interests in real estate mortgages as of specified testing dates; |
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the entity has issued debt obligations (liabilities) that have two or more maturities; and |
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the payments required to be made by the entity on its debt obligations (liabilities) “bear a relationship” to the payments to be received by the entity on the debt obligations that it holds as assets. |
Under regulations issued by the U.S. Treasury Department, if less than 80% of the assets of an entity (or a portion of an entity) consist of debt obligations, these debt obligations are considered not to comprise “substantially all” of its assets, and therefore the entity would not be treated as a TMP. Our financing and securitization arrangements may give rise to TMPs with the consequences as described below.
Where an entity, or a portion of an entity, is classified as a TMP, it is generally treated as a taxable corporation for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT, or a portion of a REIT, or a disregarded subsidiary of a REIT, that is a TMP, however, special rules apply. The TMP is not treated as a corporation that is subject to corporate income tax, and the TMP classification does not directly affect the tax qualification of the REIT. Rather, the consequences of the TMP classification would, in general, except as described below, be limited to the stockholders of the REIT.
A portion of the REIT’s income from the TMP arrangement, which might be noncash accrued income, could be treated as excess inclusion income. Under recently issued IRS guidance, the REIT’s excess inclusion income, including any excess inclusion income from a residual interest in a REMIC, must be allocated among its stockholders in proportion to distributions paid. The REIT is required to notify stockholders of the amount of “excess inclusion income” allocated to them. A stockholder’s share of excess inclusion income:
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cannot be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder; |
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is subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from federal income tax; and |
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results in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction for any otherwise applicable income tax treaty or other exemption, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. |
See “— Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders.” Under recently issued IRS guidance, to the extent that excess inclusion income is allocated from a TMP to a tax-exempt stockholder of a REIT that is not subject to unrelated business income tax (such as a government entity), the REIT will be subject to tax on this income at the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%). In this case, we are authorized to reduce and intend to reduce distributions to such stockholders by the amount of such tax paid by the REIT that is attributable to such stockholder’s ownership. Treasury regulations provide that such a reduction in distributions does not give rise to a preferential dividend that could adversely affect the REIT’s compliance with its distribution requirements. See “— Distribution Requirements.” The manner in which excess inclusion income is calculated, or would be allocated to stockholders, including allocations among shares of different classes of stock, remains unclear under current law. As required by IRS guidance, we intend to make such determinations using a reasonable method. Tax-exempt investors, foreign investors and taxpayers with net operating losses should carefully consider the tax consequences described above, and are urged to consult their tax advisors.
If a subsidiary partnership of ours that we do not wholly own, directly or through one or more disregarded entities, were a TMP, the foregoing rules would not apply. Rather, the partnership that is a TMP would be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes and potentially could be subject to corporate income tax or withholding tax. In addition, this characterization would alter our income and asset test calculations and could adversely affect our compliance with those requirements. We intend to monitor the structure of any TMPs (including whether a taxable REIT subsidiary election might be made in respect of any such TMP) in which we have an interest to ensure that they will not adversely affect our qualification as a REIT.
Asset Tests
To qualify as a REIT, we also must satisfy two asset tests at the close of each quarter of each taxable year. First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets must consist of:
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cash or cash items, including receivables specified in the federal tax laws; |
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government securities; |
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interests in mortgages on real property; |
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stock of other REITs; |
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investments in stock or debt instruments but only during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or offerings of debt with a term of at least five years; and/or |
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interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds. |
The second asset test has two components. First, of our investments not included in the 75% asset class, the value of our interest in any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets. Second, we may not own more than 10% of any one issuer’s outstanding securities as measured by vote or value. For purposes of both components of the second asset test, “securities” does not include our stock in other REITs or any qualified REIT subsidiary or our interest in any partnership, including our operating partnership.
We anticipate that, at all relevant times, (1) at least 75% of the value of our total assets will be represented by real estate assets, cash and cash items, including receivables, and government securities and (2) we will not own any securities in violation of the 5% or 10% asset tests. In addition, we will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and we will manage our portfolio to comply at all times with such tests.
Our company is allowed to own up to 100% of the stock of taxable REIT subsidiaries which can perform activities unrelated to our tenants, such as third-party management, development, and other independent business activities, as well as provide services to our tenants. We and our subsidiary must elect for the subsidiary to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. We may not own more than 10% of the voting power or value of the stock of a taxable subsidiary that is not treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. This test is referred to as the “10% Asset Test.” Overall, no more than 25% of our assets can consist of securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries, determined on a quarterly basis.
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Any interest that we hold in a real estate mortgage investment conduit , or REMIC, will generally qualify as real estate assets and income derived from REMIC interests will generally be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the REIT Income Tests described above. If less than 95% of the assets of a REMIC are real estate assets, however, then only a proportionate part of our interest in the REMIC and income derived from the interest will qualify for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests. If we hold a “residual interest” in a REMIC from which we derive “excess inclusion income,” we will be required either to distribute the excess inclusion income or to pay tax on it (or a combination of the two), even though we may not receive the income in cash. To the extent that distributed excess inclusion income is allocable to a particular stockholder, the income (1) would not be allowed to be offset by any net operating losses otherwise available to the stockholder, (2) would be subject to tax as unrelated business taxable income in the hands of most types of stockholders that are otherwise generally exempt from federal income tax and (3) would result in the application of U.S. federal income tax withholding at the maximum rate (30%), without reduction pursuant to any otherwise applicable income tax treaty, to the extent allocable to most types of foreign stockholders. Moreover, any excess inclusion income that we receive that is allocable to specified categories of tax-exempt investors which are not subject to unrelated business income tax, such as government entities, may be subject to corporate-level income tax in our hands, regardless of whether it is distributed.
To the extent that we hold mortgage participations or CMBS that do not represent REMIC interests, such assets may not qualify as real estate assets, and the income generated from them may not qualify for purposes of either or both of the 75% and 95% Income Tests, depending upon the circumstances and the specific structure of the investment.
We may also hold certain participation interests, including B-Notes, in mortgage loans and subordinated loans originated by other lenders. B-Notes are interests in underlying loans created by virtue of participations or similar agreements to which the originator of the loans is a party, along with one or more participants. The borrower on the underlying loans is typically not a party to the participation agreement. The performance of this investment depends upon the performance of the underlying loans and, if the underlying borrower defaults, the participant typically has no recourse against the originator of the loans. The originator often retains a senior position in the underlying loans and grants junior participations which absorb losses first in the event of a default by the borrower. We generally expect to treat our participation interests as qualifying real estate assets for purposes of the REIT asset tests and interest that we derive from such investments as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% Income Test. The appropriate treatment of participation interests for federal income tax purposes is not entirely certain, however, and no assurance can be given that the IRS will not challenge our treatment of our participation interests. In the event of a determination that such participation interests do not qualify as real estate assets, or that the income that we derive from such participation interests does not qualify as mortgage interest for purposes of the REIT asset and income tests, we could be subject to a penalty tax, or could fail to qualify as a REIT.
If we choose to invest in subordinated loans, certain of them may qualify for the safe harbor in Revenue Procedure 2003-65 pursuant to which certain loans secured by a first priority security interest in ownership interests in a partnership or limited liability company will be treated as qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% real estate asset test and the 10% Asset Test. We may make some subordinated loans that do not qualify for that safe harbor and that do not qualify as “straight debt” securities or for one of the other exclusions from the definition of “securities” for purposes of the 10% Asset Test. We intend to make such investments in such a manner as not to fail the asset test described above.
The Asset Tests must generally be met for any quarter in which we acquire securities or other property. Upon full investment of the net offering proceeds we expect that most of our assets will consist of “real estate assets,” and we therefore expect to satisfy the Asset Tests.
If we should fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we would not lose our REIT status if (1) we satisfied the asset tests at the close of the preceding calendar quarter and (2) the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by an acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets. If we did not satisfy the condition described in clause (2) of the preceding sentence, we still could avoid disqualification as a REIT by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which the discrepancy arose.
To the extent that we fail one or more of the asset tests and we do not fall within the de minimis safe harbors with respect to the 5% and 10% asset tests, we may nevertheless be deemed to have satisfied such requirements if (1) we take certain corrective measures, (2) we meet certain technical requirements and (3) we pay a specified
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excise tax (the greater of (A) $50,000 or (B) an amount determined by multiplying the highest rate of corporate tax by the net income generated by the assets causing the failure for the period beginning on the first date of the failure and ending on the date that we dispose of the assets (or otherwise satisfy the asset test requirements)).
The Code contains a number of provisions applicable to REITs, including relief provisions that make it easier for REITs to satisfy the asset requirements or to maintain REIT qualification notwithstanding certain violations of the asset and other requirements.
One such provision allows a REIT which fails one or more of the asset requirements to nevertheless maintain its REIT qualification if (1) it provides the IRS with a description of each asset causing the failure, (2) the failure is due to reasonable cause and not willful neglect, (3) the REIT pays a tax equal to the greater of (A) $50,000 per failure and (B) the product of the net income generated by the assets that caused the failure multiplied by the highest applicable corporate tax rate (currently 35%) and (4) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure or otherwise satisfies the relevant asset tests within that time frame.
A second relief provision applies to de minimis violations of the 10% and 5% asset tests. A REIT may maintain its qualification despite a violation of such requirements if (1) the value of the assets causing the violation do not exceed the lesser of 1% of the REIT’s total assets and $10 million, or (2) the REIT either disposes of the assets causing the failure within six months after the last day of the quarter in which it identifies the failure, or the relevant tests are otherwise satisfied within that time frame.
The Code also provides that certain securities will not cause a violation of the 10% Asset Test described above. Such securities include instruments that constitute “straight debt,” which includes securities having certain contingency features. A security cannot qualify as “straight debt” where a REIT (or a controlled taxable REIT subsidiary of the REIT) owns other securities of the issuer of that security which do not qualify as straight debt, unless the value of those other securities constitute, in the aggregate, 1% or less of the total value of that issuer’s outstanding securities. In addition to straight debt, the Code provides that certain other securities will not violate the 10% Asset Test. Such securities include (1) any loan made to an individual or an estate, (2) certain rental agreements in which one or more payments are to be made in subsequent years (other than agreements between a REIT and certain persons related to the REIT), (3) any obligation to pay rents from real property, (4) securities issued by governmental entities that are not dependent in whole or in part on the profits of (or payments made by) a non-governmental entity, (5) any security issued by another REIT and (6) any debt instrument issued by a partnership if the partnership’s income is of a nature that it would satisfy the 75% gross income test described above under “— Income Tests.” In addition, when applying the 10% Asset Test, a debt security issued by a partnership is not taken into account to the extent, if any, of the REIT’s proportionate equity interest in that partnership.
No independent appraisals will be obtained to support our conclusions as to the value of our total assets or the value of any particular security or securities. Moreover, values of some assets, including instruments issued in securitization transactions, may not be susceptible to a precise determination, and values are subject to change in the future. Furthermore, the proper classification of an instrument as debt or equity for federal income tax purposes may be uncertain in some circumstances, which could affect the application of the REIT asset requirements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our interests in our subsidiaries or in the securities of other issuers will not cause a violation of the REIT asset tests.
Distribution Requirements
To qualify as a REIT, each taxable year we must make distributions, other than capital gain dividends, deemed distributions of retained capital gain and income from operations or sales through a TRS, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:
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the sum of (1) 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and excluding our net capital gain or loss, and (2) 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property; minus |
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the sum of specified items of non-cash income. |
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We must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for such year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration and no later than the close of the subsequent tax year.
We will pay federal income tax on any taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year or, in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, by the end of January following such calendar year, at least the sum of:
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85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; |
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95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and |
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any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, |
we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distributed. We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain we receive in a taxable year. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements.
From time to time, we may experience timing differences between (1) our actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and (2) the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. In that case, we still would be required to recognize such excess as income in the taxable year in which the difference arose even though we do have the corresponding cash on hand. Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain attributable to the sale of depreciated property which exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. Therefore, we may have less cash available for distribution than is necessary to meet the applicable distribution requirement or to avoid corporate income tax or the excise tax imposed on undistributed income. In such a situation, we might be required to borrow money or raise funds by issuing additional stock.
We may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirements for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts we distribute as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest and a penalty to the Internal Revenue Service based on the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.
As noted above, we may also elect to retain, rather than distribute, our net long-term capital gains. The effect of such an election would be as follows:
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we would be required to pay the federal income tax on these gains; |
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taxable U.S. stockholders, while required to include their proportionate share of the undistributed long-term capital gains in income, would receive a credit or refund for their share of the tax paid by the REIT; and |
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the basis of the stockholder’s shares of common stock would be increased by the difference between the designated amount included in the stockholder’s long-term capital gains and the tax deemed paid with respect to such shares of common stock. |
In computing our REIT taxable income, we will use the accrual method of accounting and intend to depreciate depreciable property under the alternative depreciation system. We are required to file an annual federal income tax return, which, like other corporate returns, is subject to examination by the Internal Revenue Service. Because the tax law requires us to make many judgments regarding the proper treatment of a transaction or an item of income or deduction, it is possible that the Internal Revenue Service will challenge positions we take in computing our REIT taxable income and our distributions.
Issues could arise, for example, with respect to the allocation of the purchase price of real properties between depreciable or amortizable assets and non-depreciable or non-amortizable assets such as land and the current deductibility of fees paid to our advisor or its affiliates. Were the Internal Revenue Service to successfully challenge our characterization of a transaction or determination of our REIT taxable income, we could be found to have failed to
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satisfy a requirement for qualification as a REIT. If, as a result of a challenge, we are determined to have failed to satisfy the distribution requirements for a taxable year, we would be disqualified as a REIT, unless we were permitted to pay a deficiency distribution to our stockholders and pay interest thereon to the Internal Revenue Service, as provided by the Code. A deficiency distribution cannot be used to satisfy the distribution requirement, however, if the failure to meet the requirement is not due to a later adjustment to our income by the Internal Revenue Service.
Record Keeping Requirements
We must maintain specified records in order to qualify as a REIT. In addition, to avoid a monetary penalty, we must request on an annual basis information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock. We intend to comply with such requirements.
Failure to Qualify
If we fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no relief provision applies, we will be subject to federal income tax and any applicable alternative minimum tax on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. In such a year, we would not be able to deduct amounts paid out to stockholders in calculating our taxable income. In fact, we would not be required to distribute any amounts to our stockholders in such year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to our stockholders would be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to limitations in the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders might be eligible for the dividends received deduction. Unless we qualified for relief under specific statutory provisions, we also would be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.
Sale-Leaseback Transactions
Some of our investments may be in the form of sale-leaseback transactions. We normally intend to treat these transactions as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However, depending on the terms of any specific transaction, the Internal Revenue Service might take the position that the transaction is not a true lease but is more properly treated in some other manner. If such recharacterization were successful, we would not be entitled to claim the depreciation deductions available to an owner of the property. In addition, the recharacterization of one or more of these transactions might cause us to fail to satisfy the Asset Tests or the Income Tests described above based upon the asset we would be treated as holding or the income we would be treated as having earned, and such failure could result in our failing to qualify as a REIT. Alternatively, the amount or timing of income inclusion or the loss of depreciation deductions resulting from the recharacterization might cause us to fail to meet the distribution requirement described above for one or more taxable years absent the availability of the deficiency distribution procedure or might result in a larger portion of our distributions being treated as ordinary distribution income to our stockholders.
Investments in Taxable REIT Subsidiaries
We and certain of our corporate subsidiaries may make a joint election for the corporate subsidiary to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary of our REIT. A domestic Taxable REIT subsidiary (or a foreign taxable REIT subsidiary with income from a U.S. business) pays federal state and local income taxes at the full applicable corporate rates on its taxable income prior to payment of any dividends. To the extent we invest in any property outside of the U.S., a taxable REIT subsidiary owning or leasing such property may pay foreign taxes. The taxes owed by our taxable REIT subsidiaries could be substantial. To the extent that our taxable REIT subsidiaries are required to pay federal, state, local or foreign taxes, the cash available for distribution by us will be reduced accordingly.
A taxable REIT subsidiary is permitted to engage in certain kinds of activities that cannot be performed directly by us without jeopardizing our REIT status. However, several provisions regarding the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiary ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of federal income taxation. For example, the Code limits the ability of our taxable REIT subsidiary to deduct interest payments in excess of a certain amount made to us. In addition, we must pay a 100% tax on some payments that we receive from, or on certain expenses deducted by, the taxable REIT subsidiary if the economic arrangements between us, our tenants and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements
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among unrelated parties. In particular, this 100% tax would apply to our share of any rent paid by a taxable REIT subsidiary that was determined to be in excess of a market rate rent. We intend that all transactions between us and our taxable REIT subsidiaries will be conducted on an arm’s length basis and, therefore, that the rent paid by our taxable REIT subsidiaries to us will not be subject to the excise tax.
Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders
As long as we qualify as a REIT, a taxable “U.S. stockholder” must take into account, as ordinary income, distributions out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits and that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or that we retain as long-term capital gain. In 2003 Congress reduced the tax rate for qualified dividend income to 15%. However, dividends from REITs generally are not subject to this lower rate. REIT dividends paid to a U.S. stockholder that is a corporation will not qualify for the dividends received deduction generally available to corporations. As used herein, the term “U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that for U.S. federal income tax purposes is:
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a citizen or resident of the United States; |
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a corporation, partnership, or other entity created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or of an political subdivision thereof; |
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an estate whose income from sources without the United States is includable in gross income for U.S. federal income tax purposes regardless of its connection with the conduct of a trade or business within the United States; or |
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any trust with respect to which (A) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and (B) one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust. |
A U.S. stockholder generally will recognize distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends as long-term capital gain without regard to the period for which the U.S. stockholder has held its common stock. We generally will designate our capital gain dividends as either 15% or 25% rate distributions. A corporate U.S. stockholder, however, may be required to treat up to 20% of capital gain dividends as ordinary income.
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on the net long-term capital gain that is received in a taxable year. In that case, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The U.S. stockholder would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder would increase the basis in its stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the tax we paid.
If a distribution exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits but does not exceed the adjusted basis of a U.S. stockholder’s common stock, the U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on the distribution. Instead, such distribution will reduce the stockholder’s adjusted basis of the common stock. A U.S. stockholder will recognize a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in its common stock as long-term capital gain, or short-term capital gain if the common stock has been held for one year or less, assuming the common stock is a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder. In addition, if we declare a distribution in October, November or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a specified date in any such month, to the extent of the REIT’s earnings and profits not already distributed, such distribution shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during January of the following calendar year. We will notify U.S. stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income or capital gain dividends.
We will be treated as having sufficient earnings and profits to treat as a distribution any distribution by us up to the amount required to be distributed to avoid imposition of the 4% excise tax discussed above. Moreover, any “deficiency distribution” will be treated as an ordinary or capital gain distribution, as the case may be, regardless of our earnings and profits. As a result, stockholders may be required to treat as taxable some distributions that would otherwise result in a tax-free return of capital.
If excess inclusion income from a taxable mortgage pool or REMIC residual interest is allocated to any stockholder, that income will be taxable in the hands of the stockholder and would not be offset by any net operating
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losses of the stockholder that would otherwise be available. See “— Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.” As required by IRS guidance, we intend to notify our stockholders if a portion of a distribution paid by us is attributable to excess inclusion income.
Taxation of U.S. Stockholders on the Disposition of the Common Stock
In general, a U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities must treat any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of the common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held the common stock for more than one year and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, a U.S. stockholder generally must treat any loss upon a sale or exchange of common stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital gain dividends and other distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss a U.S. stockholder realizes upon a taxable disposition of the common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other shares of such common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition.
Capital Gains and Losses
A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate for the year 2008 is 35%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to non-corporate taxpayers is 15% for sales and exchanges of assets held for more than one year. For taxable years ending after December 31, 2010, the maximum tax rate on long-term capital gains will increase to 20%. The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of depreciable real property is 25% to the extent that such gain would have been treated as ordinary income if the property were a type of depreciable property other than real property. With respect to distributions that we designate as capital gain dividends and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute, we generally may designate whether such a distribution is taxable to our non-corporate stockholders at a 15% or 25% rate. Thus, the tax rate differential between capital gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be significant. In addition, the characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at ordinary corporate rates. A corporate taxpayer can deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses being carried back three years and forward five years.
Investments in Real Estate Outside the United States
We may invest in real estate assets, directly or indirectly, in jurisdictions other than the United States. Such assets may be subject to taxes in these non-U.S. jurisdictions that ordinarily would give rise to foreign tax credits for U.S. resident taxpayers. However, our anticipated investment structure will prevent any of our U.S. stockholders from utilizing any foreign tax credits generated. The foreign assets we acquire will either be held by us, an entity that intends to qualify as a REIT, or through a taxable REIT subsidiary. Because we intend to operate as a REIT and we are entitled to a dividends paid deduction, the foreign tax credit limitation will prevent us from utilizing any foreign tax credits with respect to property that we acquire directly to offset our income. As such, we expect to only hold foreign real estate assets in low non-U.S. tax jurisdictions directly. With respect to real estate assets located in high non-U.S. tax jurisdictions, we expect to hold such assets through a taxable REIT subsidiary so that such subsidiary may be able to utilize the foreign tax credit to offset its U.S. taxable income. In either case, foreign taxes are not passed through to our U.S. stockholders for purposes of calculating our U.S. stockholders’ foreign tax credit.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding
We will report to our stockholders and to the Internal Revenue Service the amount of distributions we pay during each calendar year, and the amount of tax we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding at the rate of 28% with respect to distributions unless such holder either:
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is a corporation or comes within another exempt category and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or |
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provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules. |
A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the Internal Revenue Service. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us. The Treasury Department has issued regulations regarding the backup withholding rules as applied to non-U.S. stockholders.
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders
Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts and annuities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their unrelated business taxable income. While many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the Internal Revenue Service has issued a published ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income, provided that the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the shares of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of the common stock with debt, a portion of the income that it receives from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income under the “debt-financed property” rules. To the extent that we are (or a part of us or a disregarded subsidiary of ours is) a TMP, or if we hold residual interests in a REMIC, a portion of the distributions paid to a tax-exempt stockholder that is allocable to excess inclusion income may also be treated as UBTI. We anticipate that our investments may generate excess inclusion income. If, however, excess inclusion income is allocable to some categories of tax-exempt stockholders that are not subject to UBTI, we will be subject to corporate level tax on such income, and, in that case, we are authorized to reduce and intend to reduce the amount of distributions to those stockholders whose ownership gave rise to the tax. See “— Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.” As required by IRS guidance, we intend to notify our stockholders if a portion of a distribution paid by us is attributable to excess inclusion income. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as unrelated business taxable income. Finally, in some circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust that owns more than 10% of our stock is required to treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. The percentage of the dividends that the tax-exempt trust must treat as unrelated business taxable income is equal to the gross income we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if our company were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. The unrelated business taxable income rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of our stock only if:
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the percentage of the dividends that the tax-exempt trust must otherwise treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%; |
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we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our shares be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust; and |
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either (A) one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock or (B) a group of pension trusts individually holding more than 10% of the value of our stock collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock. |
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders
The rules governing U.S. federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, and other foreign stockholders are complex. This section is only a summary of such rules. We urge those non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, and local income tax laws on ownership of the common stock, including any reporting requirements.
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A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of U.S. real property interests, as defined below, and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained capital gain will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply to such distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. However, if a distribution is treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, the non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax on the distribution at graduated rates, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such distributions. A non-U.S. stockholder may also be subject to the 30% branch profits tax. We plan to withhold U.S. income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any such distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:
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a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder files the required form evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate with us; or |
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the non-U.S. stockholder files an IRS Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income. |
Reduced treaty rates and other exemptions are not available to the extent that income is attributable to excess inclusion income allocable to the foreign stockholder. Accordingly, we will withhold at a rate of 30% on any portion of a distribution that is paid to a non-U.S. holder and attributable to that holder’s share of our excess inclusion income. See “— Taxable Mortgage Pools and Excess Inclusion Income.” As required by IRS guidance, we intend to notify our stockholders if a portion of a distribution paid by us is attributable to excess inclusion income.
The U.S. Treasury Department has issued regulations with respect to the withholding requirements for distributions made after December 31, 2000, and we will comply with these regulations.
A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on the amount of a distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits but does not exceed the adjusted basis of its common stock. Instead, such a distribution will reduce the adjusted basis of such stock. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the adjusted basis of its common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of its common stock, as described below. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether or not the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we normally will withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution at the same rate as we would withhold on a dividend. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may obtain a refund of amounts that we withhold if it later determines that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, a non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on distributions that are attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of “U.S. real property interests” under special provisions of the federal income tax laws. The term “U.S. real property interests” includes interests in U.S. real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consists of interests in U.S. real property. Under those rules, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of U.S. real property interests as if such gain were effectively connected with a U.S. business of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders and might also be subject to the alternative minimum tax. A nonresident alien individual also might be subject to a special alternative minimum tax. A non-U.S. corporate stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such distributions. We must withhold 35% of any distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder will receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount we withhold.
A non-U.S. stockholder generally will not incur tax under the provisions applicable to distributions that are attributable to gain from the sale of U.S. real property interests on gain from the sale of its common stock as long as at all times non-U.S. persons hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our stock. We cannot assure you that this test will be met. If the gain on the sale of the common stock were taxed under those provisions, a non-U.S. stockholder would be taxed in the same manner as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax, a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals, and the possible application of the 30% branch profits tax in the case of non-U.S. corporations. Furthermore, a
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non-U.S. stockholder will incur tax on gain not subject to the provisions applicable to distributions that are attributable to gain from the rule of U.S. real property interests if either:
• the gain is effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain; or
• the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on his capital gains.
A capital gain distribution will generally not be treated as income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business and will instead be treated the same as an ordinary distribution from us, provided that (1) the capital gain distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (2) the recipient non-U.S. holder does not own more than 5% of that class of stock at any time during the taxable year in which the capital gain distribution is received. If such requirements are not satisfied, such distributions will be treated as income that is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. holder without regard to whether the distribution is designated as a capital gain distribution and, in addition, shall be subject to a 35% withholding tax. We do not anticipate our common stock satisfying the “regularly traded” requirement. Distributions subject to FIRPTA may also be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a non-U.S. holder that is a corporation. A distribution is not a USRPI capital gain if we held the underlying asset solely as a creditor. Capital gain distributions received by a non-U.S. holder from a REIT that are not USRPI capital gains are generally not subject to U.S. income tax but may be subject to withholding tax.
Information Reporting Requirements and Backup Withholding for Non-U.S. Stockholders
Non-U.S. stockholders should consult their tax advisors with regard to U.S. information reporting and backup withholding requirements under the Code.
Statement of Share Ownership
We are required to demand annual written statements from the record holders of designated percentages of our common stock disclosing the actual owners of the shares of common stock. Any record stockholder who, upon our request, does not provide us with required information concerning actual ownership of the shares of common stock is required to include specified information relating to his shares of common stock in his federal income tax return. We also must maintain, within the Internal Revenue District in which we are required to file our federal income tax return, permanent records showing the information we have received about the actual ownership of our common stock and a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with our demand.
Other Tax Considerations
We and/or you may be subject to state and local tax in various states and localities, including those states and localities in which we or you transact business, own property, or reside. The state and local tax treatment in such jurisdictions may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the effect of state and local tax laws upon an investment in our common stock.
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The following is a summary of material considerations arising under ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of the Code that may be relevant to a prospective purchaser, including plans and arrangements subject to the fiduciary rules of ERISA (“ERISA Plans”); plans and accounts that are not subject to ERISA but are subject to the prohibited transaction rules of Section 4975 of the Code, including IRAs, Keogh plans, and medical savings accounts (together with ERISA Plans, “Benefit Plans” or “Benefit Plan Investors”); and governmental plans, church plans, and foreign plans that are exempt from ERISA and the prohibited transaction provisions of the Code but that may be subject to state law or other requirements, which we refer to as Other Plans. This discussion does not address all the aspects of ERISA, the Code or other laws that may be applicable to a Benefit Plan or Other Plan, in light of their particular circumstances.
In considering whether to invest a portion of the assets of a Benefit Plan or Other Plan, fiduciaries should consider, among other things, whether the investment:
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will be in accordance with the documents and instruments covering the investments by such plan; |
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in the case of an ERISA plan, will satisfy the prudence and diversification requirements of ERISA; |
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will result in unrelated business taxable income to the plan; |
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will provide sufficient liquidity; and |
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whether the plan fiduciary will be able to value the asset in accordance with ERISA or other applicable law. |
ERISA and the corresponding provisions of the Code prohibit a wide range of transactions involving the assets of the Benefit Plan and persons who have specified relationships to the Benefit Plan, who are “parties in interest” within the meaning of ERISA and, “disqualified persons” within the meaning of the Code. Thus, a designated plan fiduciary of a Benefit Plan considering an investment in our shares should also consider whether the acquisition or the continued holding of our shares might constitute or give rise to a prohibited transaction. Fiduciaries of Other Plans should satisfy themselves that the investment is in accord with applicable law.
The Department of Labor has issued regulations that provide guidance on the definition of plan assets under ERISA. These regulations also apply under the Code for purposes of the prohibited transaction rules. Under the regulations, if a plan acquires an equity interest in an entity which is neither a “publicly-offered security” nor a security issued by an investment company registered under the Investment Company Act, the plan’s assets would include both the equity interest and an undivided interest in each of the entity’s underlying assets unless an exception from the plan asset regulations applies.
The regulations define a publicly-offered security as a security that is:
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“widely-held;” |
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“freely-transferable;” and |
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either part of a class of securities registered under Section 12(b) or 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or sold in connection with an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, provided the securities are registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year of the issuer during which the offering occurred. |
Our shares of common stock are being sold in connection with an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933.
The regulations provide that a security is “widely held” only if it is part of a class of securities that is owned by 100 or more investors independent of the issuer and of one another. A security will not fail to be widely held because the number of independent investors falls below 100 subsequent to the initial public offering as a result of events beyond the issuer’s control. Although we anticipate that upon completion of the sale of the maximum offering, our common stock will be “widely held,” our common stock will not be widely held until we sell shares to 100 or more independent investors.
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The regulations list restrictions on transfer that ordinarily will not prevent securities from being freely transferable. Such restrictions on transfer include:
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any restriction on or prohibition against any transfer or assignment that would result in the termination or reclassification of an entity for federal or state tax purposes, or that otherwise would violate any federal or state law or court order; |
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any requirement that advance notice of a transfer or assignment be given to the issuer; |
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any administrative procedure that establishes an effective date, or an event, such as completion of an offering, prior to which a transfer or assignment will not be effective; and |
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any limitation or restriction on transfer or assignment that is not imposed by the issuer or a person acting on behalf of the issuer. |
We believe that the restrictions imposed under our charter on the ownership and transfer of our common stock will not result in the failure of our common stock to be “freely transferable.” However, no assurance can be given that the Department of Labor or the Treasury Department will not reach a contrary conclusion.
Another exception in the regulations provides that “plan assets” will not include any of the underlying assets of an “operating company,” including a “real estate operating company” or a “venture capital operating company.” To constitute a “venture capital operating company” under the plan asset regulations, an entity such as us must, on its initial valuation date and during each annual valuation period, have at least 50% of its assets (valued at cost, excluding short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution) invested in operating companies with respect to which the entity obtains direct contractual rights to participate significantly in management decisions, and must regularly exercise its rights in the ordinary course of its business. To constitute a “real estate operating company” under the plan asset regulation, an entity such as us must, on its initial valuation date and during each annual valuation period, have at least 50% of its assets (valued at cost, excluding short-term investments pending long-term commitment or distribution) invested in real estate which is managed or developed and with respect to which such entity has the right to substantially participate directly in the management or development activities, and must engage directly, in the ordinary course of its business, in real estate management or development activities.
The regulations further provide that “plan assets” will not include any of the underlying assets of an entity if at all times less than 25% of the value of each class of equity interests in the entity is held by Benefit Plans. We refer to this as the “insignificant participation exception.” The interest of any person (and their affiliates) who has discretionary authority over the control of the assets of the entity or who provides investment advice for a fee with respect to such assets is disregarded for purposes of applying the 25% threshold. Because our common stock will not be “widely held” until we sell shares to 100 or more independent investors, prior to the date that either our common stock qualifies as a class of “publicly-offered securities” or we qualify for another exception to the regulations, other than the insignificant participation exception, Benefit Plan investors are prohibited from owning, directly or indirectly, in the aggregate, 25% or more of our common stock. Accordingly, our assets should not be deemed to be “plan assets” of any Benefit Plan.
If the underlying assets of our company were treated by the Department of Labor as “plan assets,” the management of our company would be treated as fiduciaries with respect to Benefit Plan stockholders and the prohibited transaction restrictions of ERISA and the Code would apply unless an exception were available. If the underlying assets of our company were treated as “plan assets,” an investment in our company also might constitute an improper delegation of fiduciary responsibility to our company under ERISA and expose the ERISA Plan fiduciary to co-fiduciary liability under ERISA and might result in an impermissible commingling of plan assets with other property.
If a prohibited transaction were to occur, an excise tax equal to 15% of the amount involved would be imposed under the Code, with an additional 100% excise tax if the prohibited transaction is not “corrected.” Such taxes will be imposed on any disqualified person who participates in the prohibited transaction. In addition, our advisor and possibly other fiduciaries of plan stockholders subject to ERISA who permitted such prohibited transaction to occur or who otherwise breached their fiduciary responsibilities could be required to restore to the plan any profits realized by these fiduciaries as a result of the transaction or beach. With respect to an IRA or similar account that invests in our company, the occurrence of a prohibited transaction involving the individual who established the IRA,
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or his or her beneficiary, would cause the IRA to lose its tax-exempt status. In that event, the IRA or other account owner generally would be taxed on the fair market value of all the assets in the account as of the first day of the owner’s taxable year in which the prohibited transaction occurred.
Annual Valuation Requirement
A fiduciary of a Benefit Plan subject to ERISA’s reporting requirements is required to determine annually the fair market value of each asset of the plan as of the end of the plans’ fiscal year and to file a report reflecting that value with the Department of Labor. When the fair market value of any particular asset is not available, the fiduciary is required to make a good faith determination of that asset’s fair market value, assuming an orderly liquidation at the time the determination is made. In addition, a trustee or custodian of an IRA or similar account must provide the account holder with a statement of the value of the IRA or account each year. In discharging its obligation to value assets of a plan a fiduciary subject to ERISA must act consistently with the relevant provisions of the plan and the general fiduciary standards of ERISA.
Unless and until our shares are listed for trading on a national securities exchange, it is not expected that a public market for our shares will develop. To assist fiduciaries of Benefit Plans subject to the annual reporting requirements of ERISA and IRA trustees or custodians to prepare reports relating to an investment in our shares, we intend to provide reports of our annual estimates of the current value of a share of our common stock to those fiduciaries (including IRA trustees and custodians) who identify themselves to us and request the reports. Until 18 months after the completion of our offering stage, we intend to use the price paid per share as the estimated value of a share of our common stock; provided, however, that if we have sold properties or other assets and have made one or more special distributions to stockholders of all or a portion of the net proceeds from such sales, the estimated value of a share of our common stock will be equal to the offering price of shares in our most recent offering less the amount of net sale proceeds per share that constitute a return of capital distributed to investors as a result of such sales. Beginning 18 months after the completion of our offering stage, our advisor, or another firm we choose for that purpose, will estimate the value of our shares based on a number of assumptions that may not be accurate or complete. We do not currently anticipate obtaining appraisals for our investments and, accordingly, the estimates should not be viewed as an accurate reflection of the fair market value of our investments nor will they represent the amount of net proceeds that would result from an immediate sale of our assets. For these reasons, the estimated valuations should not be utilized for any purpose other than to assist plan fiduciaries in fulfilling their annual valuation and reporting responsibilities. See “Share Repurchase Plan.”
With respect to the valuation of our shares, a plan fiduciary or IRA or similar account trustee or custodian should be aware of that of the following:
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a value included in the annual statement may not be realized by us or by our stockholders upon liquidation (in part because the estimated values do not necessarily indicate the price at which assets could be sold and because the estimated may not take into account the expenses of selling our assets); |
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you may not realize these values if you were to attempt to sell your stock; and |
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an annual statement of value (or the method used to establish value) may not comply with the requirements of ERISA or the Code. |
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General
We are offering up to $1,000,000,000 in shares of our common stock to the public through Select Capital Corporation, our dealer manager, which is a broker-dealer registered with the SEC and a member of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc., or FINRA. The shares are being offered in the primary offering at $10.00 per share. Any shares purchased pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan will be sold at $9.50 per share. The shares are being offered on a “best efforts” basis, which means generally that our dealer manager and the participating broker-dealers described below will be required to use only their best efforts to sell the shares and have no firm commitment or obligation to purchase any of the shares of our common stock. Our agreement with our dealer manager may be terminated by either party upon 60 days’ written notice. The offering will commence as of the effective date of the registration statement of which this prospectus forms a part.
Our board of directors and our dealer manager have determined the offering price of the shares. While our board primarily considered the per share offering prices in similar offerings conducted by companies formed for purposes similar to ours when determining the offering price, neither prospective investors nor stockholders should assume that the per share prices reflect the intrinsic or realizable value of our shares or otherwise reflect our historical book value or earnings or other objective measures of worth.
Minimum Offering
Except as noted below, subscription proceeds will be placed in an interest-bearing account with UMB Bank, N.A., as escrow agent, until subscriptions for at least the minimum offering of $2,500,000 have been received and accepted by us. When calculating the minimum offering, we will not include shares granted or purchased under the Incentive Plan or shares purchased by our advisor or its affiliates. Subscription proceeds held in the escrow account will be invested in obligations of, or obligations guaranteed by, the United States government or bank money-market accounts or certificates of deposit of national or state banks that have deposits insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, including certificates of deposit of any bank acting as depository or custodian for any such funds, as directed by our advisor. Subscribers may not withdraw funds from the escrow account.
If subscriptions for at least $2,500,000 in shares have not been received and accepted within one year after the date of this prospectus, the escrow agent will promptly so notify us and this offering will be terminated. In such event, the escrow agent is obligated to use its best efforts to obtain an executed IRS Form W-9 from each subscriber whose subscription is rejected. No later than three business days after rejection of a subscription, the escrow agent will refund and return all monies to rejected subscribers and any interest earned thereon without deducting escrow expenses. In the event that a subscriber fails to remit an executed IRS Form W-9 to the escrow agent prior to the date the escrow agent returns the subscriber’s funds, the escrow agent will be required to withhold from such funds 28% of the earnings attributable to such subscriber in accordance with Internal Revenue Service regulations. During any period in which subscription proceeds are held in escrow, interest earned thereon will be allocated among subscribers on the basis of the respective amounts of their subscriptions and the number of days that such amounts were on deposit.
Initial subscribers may be admitted as stockholders of our company and the payments transferred from escrow to us at any time after we have received and accepted the minimum offering.
After the close of the minimum offering, subscriptions will be accepted or rejected within 30 days of receipt by us, and if rejected, all funds will be returned to subscribers within three business days of rejection. Investors whose subscriptions are accepted will be admitted as stockholders of our company periodically, but not less often than quarterly. Escrowed proceeds will be released to us on the date that the applicable stockholder is admitted to our company.
We expect to sell shares until the earlier of [ ], 2011, or the date on which the maximum offering has been sold. If we decide to continue our offering beyond [ ], 2011, we will provide that information in a prospectus supplement. We may continue to offer shares under our distribution reinvestment plan beyond [ ], 2011. In many states, we will need to renew the registration statement or file a new registration statement to continue the offering beyond one year from the date of this prospectus. We may terminate this offering at any time.
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Dealer Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer Compensation and Terms
Except as provided below, our dealer manager will receive a selling commission of 7% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in the primary offering. Our dealer manager will also receive 2.6% of the gross proceeds from the sale of shares in the primary offering in the form of a dealer manager fee as compensation for acting as our dealer manager. Our dealer manager will not receive any selling commission or dealer manager fee for shares sold pursuant to our distribution reinvestment plan. We will also reimburse our dealer manager for bona fide due diligence expenses incurred and supported by detailed and itemized invoices.
We will reimburse our advisor or its affiliates for actual issuer organization and offering expenses incurred on our behalf such as legal, accounting, printing, mailing, technology, filing fees, charges of our escrow holder and transfer agent, charges of our advisor for administrative services related to the issuance of shares in the offering, amounts to reimburse costs in connection with preparing supplemental sales materials, and reimbursements for actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging by employees of our advisor and its affiliates to attend retail seminars hosted by broker-dealers and bona fide training and education meetings hosted by our advisor or its affiliates. Any such reimbursements will not exceed actual expenses incurred by our advisor or its affiliates and will only be made to the extent that such reimbursements would not cause the cumulative amount of underwriting compensation and issuer organization and offering expenses borne by us to exceed 15% of gross offering proceeds from the sale of shares in the primary offering as of the date of reimbursement. Our advisor and its affiliates will be responsible for the payment underwriting compensation (other than selling commisions and the dealer manager fee) and issuer organization and offering expenses to the extent that cumulative selling commissions, the dealer manager fee, additional underwriting expenses and issuer organization and offering expenses borne by us exceed 15% of the gross proceeds of our primary offering as of the date of the reimbursement, without recourse against or reimbursement by us. We will not pay referral or similar fees to any accountants, attorneys or other persons in connection with the distribution of the shares of our common stock.
Our dealer manager may authorize certain additional broker-dealers who are members of FINRA, which we refer to as participating broker-dealers, to participate in selling shares of our common stock to investors. Our dealer manager may re-allow all or a portion of its selling commissions from the sale of shares in the primary offering to such participating broker-dealers with respect to shares of our common stock sold by them. Our dealer manager, in its sole discretion, may also re-allow to participating broker-dealers a portion of its dealer manager fee for reimbursement of marketing expenses. The maximum amount of reimbursements would be based on such factors as the number of shares sold by participating broker-dealers and the assistance of such participating broker-dealers in marketing the offering. We will also reimburse participating broker-dealers for bona fide due diligence expenses incurred and supported by detailed and itemized invoices.
An affiliate of our dealer manager and a registered broker-dealer, Private Asset Group, Inc., or PAG, is expected to act a participating broker-dealer in this offering. If PAG enters into a participating broker-dealer agreement with our dealer manager with respect to this offering, PAG will be compensated on the same terms and conditions as applicable to all other participating broker-dealers, and will not receive any additional or special compensation as a result of its affiliation with our dealer manager.
In addition to the selling commissions and dealer manager fee described above, our advisor or its affiliates may advance, and we will reimburse, underwriting expenses in connection with this offering as described in the table below. This table sets forth the nature and estimated amount of all items viewed as “underwriting compensation” by FINRA, assuming we sell all of the shares offered hereby. As required by the rules of FINRA, total underwriting compensation that will be paid in connection with this offering will not exceed an amount equal to 10% of our gross proceeds from the sale of shares of our common stock in the primary offering. To show the maximum amount of dealer manager and participating broker-dealer compensation that we may pay in this offering, or approximately $100,000,000, which represents approximately 10% of the maximum gross proceeds from shares sold in our primary offering, this table assumes that all shares are sold through distribution channels associated with the highest possible selling commissions and dealer manager fees. Many states limit our total organization and offering expenses, which includes all items of underwriting compensation to 15% of gross offering proceeds. We will reimburse our advisor for actual organization and offering expenses incurred by our advisor, which amount, including all items of underwriting compensation, shall not exceed the 15% limitation.
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Dealer-Manager and Participating Broker-Dealer Compensation
(Maximum Offering)
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Selling commissions |
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$ |
70,000,000 |
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7.0 |
% |
Dealer manager fee (1) |
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$ |
26,000,000 |
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2.6 |
% |
Expense reimbursements for training and education meetings and sales seminars related to retailing activities (2) |
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$ |
3,446,000 |
(4) |
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0.3 |
% |
Expense reimbursements for training and education meetings and sales seminars related to wholesaling activities (3) |
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$ |
478,320 |
(4) |
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* |
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Legal fees allocated to dealer manager |
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50,000 |
(4) |
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* |
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Promotional items paid for by the issuer |
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$ |
25,680 |
(4) |
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* |
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Total |
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$ |
100,000,000 |
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10.0 |
% |
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* |
Less than 0.1% |
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(1) |
The dealer manager fee will be used by our dealer manager to pay: (a) commissions, salaries and expense reimbursement allowances to its FINRA-registered personnel engaged in marketing and distributing this offering, which are estimated to be approximately $13.4 million, (b) reallowances to participating broker-dealers to assist participating broker-dealers in marketing this offering which are estimated to be approximately $10.0 million, (c) the costs associated with certain promotional items that will be provided by the dealer manager to registered representatives of participating broker-dealers, which are estimated to be approximately $143,000 and (d) the costs associated with the production of certain newsletters to be provided to registered representatives of participating broker-dealers, which are estimated to be approximately $60,000.The remainder of the dealer manager fee is expected to be retained by the dealer manager. |
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(2) |
Includes amounts used to reimburse broker-dealers participating in this offering for actual costs incurred by their FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals, lodging and attendance fees to attend training and education meetings sponsored by us or the dealer manager and amounts used to pay registration fees and other sponsorship costs, such as group meal expenses, for retail seminars sponsored by third-party broker dealers. |
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(3) |
Includes amounts used to reimburse our dealer manager for actual costs incurred by its FINRA-registered personnel for travel, meals, lodging and attendance fees to attend training and education meetings sponsored by us or the dealer manager and retail seminars sponsored by participating broker-dealers. |
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(4) |
Amounts shown are estimates. |
Volume Discounts
A “purchaser,” as defined below, who purchases more than 50,000 shares at any one time through a single participating broker-dealer may receive a discount on the purchase price of the shares above 50,000. The selling commissions payable to the participating broker dealer will be commensurately reduced. The amount of selling commissions otherwise payable to a participating dealer may be reduced in accordance with the following schedule.
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Shares Purchased in the Transaction |
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Commission
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Price per
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1 to 50,000 |
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7 |
% |
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$ |
10.00 |
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50,001 to 100,000 |
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6 |
% |
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$ |
9.90 |
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100,001 to 200,000 |
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5 |
% |
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$ |
9.80 |
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200,001 to 300,000 |
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4 |
% |
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$ |
9.70 |
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300,001 to 400,000 |
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3 |
% |
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$ |
9.60 |
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400,001 to 500,000 |
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2 |
% |
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$ |
9.50 |
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500,001 and up |
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1 |
% |
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$ |
9.40 |
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We will apply the reduced selling price and selling commission to the entire purchase. All commission rates and dealer manager fees are calculated assuming a price per share of $10.00. For example, a purchase of 250,000 shares in a single transaction would result in a purchase price of $2,425,000 ($9.70 per share), and selling commissions of $100,000.
In addition, in order to encourage purchases of 250,000 or more shares, an investor who agrees to purchase at least 250,000 shares may negotiate with our dealer manager to reduce the dealer manager fee with respect to the sale of the shares. In addition or in the alternative, for sales of at least 500,000 shares our advisor may agree to forego a portion of the amount we would otherwise be obligated to reimburse our advisor for our organization and offering expenses. Other accommodations may be agreed to by our sponsor in connection with a purchase of 500,000 or more shares.
Because all investors will be deemed to have contributed the same amount per share to our company for purposes of distributions of cash available for distribution, an investor qualifying for a volume discount will receive a higher return on his investment in our company than investors who do not qualify for such discount.
131
Subscriptions may be combined for the purpose of determining the volume discounts in the case of subscriptions made by any “purchaser,” as that term is defined below, provided all such shares are purchased through the same broker-dealer. The volume discount may be prorated among the separate subscribers considered to be a single “purchaser.” Any request to combine more than one subscription must be made in writing, and must set forth the basis for such request. Any such request will be subject to verification by our advisor that all of such subscriptions were made by a single “purchaser.” You must mark the “Additional Investment” space on the subscription agreement signature page in order for purchases to be combined. We are not responsible for failing to combine purchases if you fail to mark the “Additional Investment” space.
For the purposes of such volume discounts, the term “purchaser” includes:
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• |
an individual, his or her spouse and their children under the age of 21 who purchase the shares for his, her or their own accounts; |
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• |
a corporation, partnership, association, joint-stock company, trust fund or any organized group of persons, whether incorporated or not; |
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• |
an employees’ trust, pension, profit sharing or other employee benefit plan qualified under the federal income tax laws; and |
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• |
all commingled trust funds maintained by a given bank. |
Notwithstanding the above, in connection with volume sales made to investors in our company, our dealer manager may, in its sole discretion, waive the “purchaser” requirements and aggregate subscriptions as part of a combined order for purposes of determining the number of shares purchased, provided that any aggregate group of subscriptions must be received from the same broker-dealer, including our dealer manager. Any such reduction in selling commission may be prorated among the separate subscribers except that, in the case of purchases through our dealer manager, our dealer manager may allocate such reduction among separate subscribers considered to be a single “purchaser” as it deems appropriate. An investor may reduce the amount of his purchase price to the net amount shown in the foregoing table, if applicable. If such investor does not reduce the purchase price, the excess amount submitted over the discounted purchase price will be returned to the actual separate subscribers for shares.
Once you qualify for a volume discount, you will be eligible to receive the benefit of such discount for subsequent purchase of shares in our primary offering through the same participating broker-dealer. If a subsequent purchase entitles an investor to an increased reduction in the sales commissions and/or the dealer manager fee, the volume discount will apply only to the current and future investments. Except as provided in this paragraph and the three immediately preceding paragraphs, separate subscriptions will not be cumulated, combined or aggregated.
California residents should be aware that volume discounts will not be available in connection with the sale of shares made to California residents to the extent such discounts do not comply with the provisions of the California corporate securities laws. Under these laws, volume discounts can be made available to California residents only in accordance with the following conditions:
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• |
there can be no variance in the net proceeds to our company from the sale of the shares to different purchasers of the same offering; |
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• |
all purchasers of the shares must be informed of the availability of quantity discounts; |
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• |
the same volume discounts must be allowed to all purchasers of shares which are part of the offering; |
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• |
the minimum amount of shares as to which volume discounts are allowed cannot be less than $10,000; |
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• |
the variance in the price of the shares must result solely from a different range of commissions, and all discounts allowed must be based on a uniform scale of commissions; and |
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• |
no discounts are allowed to any group of purchasers. |
Accordingly, volume discounts for California residents will be available in accordance with the foregoing table of uniform discount levels based on dollar volume of shares purchased, but no discounts are allowed to any group of
132
purchasers, and no subscriptions may be aggregated as part of a combined order for purposes of determining the number of shares purchased.
Other Discounts
No selling commissions will be paid and the price per share will be reduced to $9.30 in connection with sales to investors who have engaged the services of a registered investment advisor with whom the investor has agreed to pay a fee for investment advisory services in lieu of normal commissions. The net proceeds to us will not be affected by eliminating commissions payable in connection with sales to investors purchasing through such investment advisors. All such sales must be made through the registered broker-dealer with whom the registered investment advisor is associated. We will not sell any shares through registered investment advisors who are not associated with a registered broker-dealer.
Our advisor and its affiliates may, at their option, purchase shares offered hereby at the public offering price, net of the selling commissions the dealer manager fee, in which case they have advised us that they would expect to hold such shares as stockholders for investment and not for distribution.
Our dealer manager has agreed to sell up to 5% of the shares offered hereby in our primary offering to persons to be identified by us at a discount from the public offering price. We intend to use this “friends and family” program to sell shares to certain investors identified by us, including investors who have a prior business relationship with our sponsor, such as real estate brokers, joint venture partners and their employees, title insurance company executives, surveyors, attorneys and others to the extent consistent with applicable laws and regulations. We will require all such purchasers to represent that they are purchasing shares for investment only and to enter into one-year lock-up agreements with respect to the purchased shares. The purchase price for such shares will be $9.04 per share, reflecting that selling commissions in the amount of $0.70 per share and the dealer manager fee in the amount of $0.26 per share will not be payable in connection with such sales. The net proceeds to us from such sales made net of commissions and the dealer manager fee will be substantially the same as the net proceeds we receive from other sales of shares.
In addition, our dealer manager may sell shares to retirement plans of broker-dealers participating in this offering, to broker-dealers in their individual capacities, to IRAs and qualified plans of their registered representatives or to any one of their registered representatives in their individual capacities net of the selling commissions of $0.70, for a purchase price of $9.30, in consideration of the services rendered by such broker-dealers and registered representatives in the distribution. The net proceeds of these sales to our company also will be substantially the same as our net proceeds from other sales of shares.
Subscription Procedures
To purchase shares in the offering, you must complete and sign a subscription agreement (in the form attached to this prospectus as Exhibit B) for a specific number of shares and pay for the shares at the time of your subscription. Payment for shares should be made by check payable to “UMB Bank, N.A. as escrow agent for Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.” or, after we have reached our minimum offering amount, checks may be made payable directly to “Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.” or “BEMTI.” Subscriptions will be effective only upon acceptance by us, and we reserve the right to reject any subscription in whole or in part. In no event may a subscription for shares be accepted until at least five business days after the date the subscriber receives a final prospectus. Each subscriber will receive a confirmation of his purchase. Except for purchase under the distribution reinvestment plan, all accepted subscriptions will be for whole shares and for not less than 250 shares, or $2,500. There will be no sales to discretionary accounts without the prior specific written approval of the customer.
You have the option of placing a transfer on death, or TOD, designation on your shares purchased in this offering. A TOD designation transfers ownership of the shares to your designated beneficiary upon your death. This designation may only be made by individuals, not entities, who are the sole or joint owners with right of survivorship of the shares. This option, however, is not available to residents of the states of Louisiana and Texas. If you would like to place a TOD designation on your shares, you must complete and return the TOD form included as part of the subscription agreement attached as Exhibit B to this prospectus in order to effect the designation.
133
Investments through IRA Accounts
Both Sterling Trust Company and Pershing LLC have agreed to act as IRA custodians for purchasers of our common stock who would like to purchase shares though an IRA account and desire to establish a new IRA account for that purpose. We will pay the fees related to the establishment of investor accounts with either of these custodians. For investments over $5,000, we will pay the first year annual IRA maintenance fee. Thereafter, investors will be responsible for the annual IRA maintenance fees unless the investment exceeds $25,000, in which case Bluerock will continue to pay the annual fee for a basic IRA for either of these custodians, subject to certain limitations. For investors who wish to receive cash dividends rather than reinvest them, there will be an annual money market account fee that will be charged. Further information about custodial services is available through your financial advisor or through our dealer manager.
Automatic Investment Plan
Investors who desire to purchase shares in this offering at regular intervals may be able to do so by electing to participate in the automatic investment plan by completing an enrollment form that we will provide upon request. Only investors who have already met the minimum purchase requirement may participate in the automatic investment plan. The minimum periodic investment is $100 per month. We will pay dealer manager fees and selling commissions in connection with sales under the automatic investment plan to the same extent that we pay those fees and commissions on shares sold in this offering outside of the automatic investment plan. Residents of the States of Alabama and Ohio are not eligible to participate in this automatic reinvestment plan. If you elect to participate in both the automatic investment plan and our distribution reinvestment plan, distributions earned from shares purchased pursuant to the automatic investment plan will automatically be reinvested pursuant to the distribution reinvestment plan. For a discussion of the distribution reinvestment plan, see “Summary of Distribution Reinvestment Plan.”
You will receive a confirmation of your purchases under the automatic investment plan no less than quarterly. The confirmation will disclose the following information:
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• |
the amount invested for your account during the period; |
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• |
the date of the investment; |
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• |
the number and price of the shares purchased by you; and |
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• |
the total number of shares in your account. |
To qualify for a volume discount as a result of purchases under the automatic investment plan, you must notify us in writing when you initially become eligible to receive a volume discount and at each time your purchase of shares through the program would qualify you for an additional reduction in the price of shares under the volume discount provisions described in this prospectus.
You may terminate your participation in the automatic investment plan at any time by providing us with written notice. If you elect to participate in the automatic investment plan, you must agree that if at any time you fail to meet the applicable investor suitability standards or cannot make the other investor representations or warranties set forth in the then current prospectus or in the subscription agreement, you will promptly notify us in writing of that fact and your participation in the plan will terminate. See the “Investor Suitability Standards” section of this prospectus and the form of subscription agreement attached hereto as Exhibit B.
134
In addition to this prospectus, we may use certain supplemental sales material in connection with the offering of the shares. However, such sales material will only be used when accompanied by or preceded by the delivery of this prospectus. This material, prepared by our advisor, may include the following: a brochure describing the advisor and its affiliates and our investment objectives; a fact sheet that provides information regarding properties purchased to date and other summary information related to our offering; property brochures; a power point presentation that provides information regarding our company and our offering; and the past performance of programs managed by our sponsor and our co-sponsor. No person has been authorized to prepare for, or furnish to, a prospective investor any sales material other than that described herein and “tombstone” newspaper advertisements or solicitations of interest that are limited to identifying the offering and the location of sources of additional information.
The offering of our shares is made only by means of this prospectus. Although the information contained in such sales material will not conflict with any of the information contained in this prospectus, such material does not purport to be complete and should not be considered a part of this prospectus or the registration statement, of which this prospectus is a part.
The consolidated balance sheet of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. as of December 31, 2008 included in this prospectus, has been audited by Freedman & Goldberg, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report appearing herein, and is included in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.
Certain legal matters will be passed upon for us by Alston & Bird LLP, Atlanta, Georgia. The statements under the caption “Federal Income Tax Considerations” as they relate to federal income tax matters have been reviewed by Alston & Bird and Alston & Bird has opined as to certain federal income tax matters relating to an investment in shares of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. Alston & Bird will advise us with respect to real estate law and other matters as well. Alston & Bird has also represented Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., an affiliate of our advisor, as well as various other affiliates of our advisor, in other matters and may continue to do so in the future. Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland has issued an opinion to us regarding certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of the shares offered hereby. Holland & Hart LLP will advise the dealer manager.
We have filed with the SEC a registration statement on Form S-11, as amended, of which this prospectus is a part under the Securities Act of 1933 with respect to the shares offered by this prospectus. This prospectus does not contain all of the information set forth in the registration statement, portions of which have been omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC. Statements contained in this prospectus as to the content of any contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement are necessarily summaries of such contract or other document, with each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference and the schedules and exhibits to this prospectus. For further information regarding our company and the shares offered by this prospectus, reference is made by this prospectus to the registration statement and such schedules and exhibits.
The registration statement and the schedules and exhibits forming a part of the registration statement filed by us with the SEC can be inspected and copies obtained from the Securities and Exchange Commission at Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Copies of such material can be obtained from the Public Reference Section of the Securities and Exchange Commission, Room 1580, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549, at prescribed rates. In addition, the SEC maintains a website that contains reports, proxies and information statements and other information regarding our company and other registrants that have been filed electronically with the SEC. The address of such site is http://www.sec.gov.
135
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F-1 |
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F-2 |
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F-3 |
136
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors and Stockholder
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheet of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), as of December 31, 2008. The balance sheet is the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this consolidated balance sheet based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the balance sheet, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall balance sheet presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statement referred to above presents fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.
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/s/ Freedman & Goldberg |
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Certified Public Accountants |
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Farmington Hills, MI |
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February 19, 2009 |
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F–1
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2009 (Unaudited) AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
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The accompanying notes are an integral part of this consolidated financial statement. |
F–2
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
AS OF JUNE 30, 2009 (Unaudited) AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
1. ORGANIZATION AND NATURE OF BUSINESS
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. (the “Company”) was incorporated on July 25, 2008 under the laws of the state of Maryland. If the Company meets the qualification requirements, it intends to elect to be treated as a real estate investment trust, or REIT for Federal income tax purposes for its first full tax year. The Company was incorporated to raise capital and acquire a diverse portfolio of residential real estate assets. As of June 30, 2009, it does not own any properties.
The Company is planning to commence a best efforts initial public offering, or the offering, in which it intends to offer a minimum of $2,500,000 in shares of its common stock and a maximum of $1 billion in shares of its $.01 par value common stock for $10.00 per share. The Company is also offering $285,000,000 in shares pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share.
The Company’s day-to-day operations are to be managed by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC, or the advisor, under an advisory agreement. The advisor is affiliated with the Company in that the Company and the advisor have common management.
2. BASIS OF PRESENTATION IN FUTURE FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
The Company intends to operate in an umbrella partnership REIT structure in which its wholly owned subsidiary, Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, or wholly owned subsidiaries of its operating partnership, will own substantially all of the properties acquired on the Company’s behalf.
Because the Company is the sole general partner of its operating partnership and has unilateral control over its management and major operating decisions (even if additional limited partners are admitted to its operating partnership), the accounts of its operating partnership are consolidated in the Company’s financial statements. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions will be eliminated in consolidation.
3. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS
As of June 30, 2009, approximately $2,115,000 of organizational and offering costs have been incurred on the Company’s behalf. These costs are not recorded in its financial statements because such costs are not its liability until the subscriptions for the minimum number of shares are received and accepted by the Company. When recorded by the Company, organizational and offering costs will be expensed as incurred, and third party offering costs will be deferred and charged to shareholders’ equity as such amounts are reimbursed to the advisor or its affiliates from the gross proceeds of the offering.
The advisor performs its duties and responsibilities as the Company’s fiduciary under an advisory agreement. The term of the current advisory agreement ends one year after the date of this prospectus, subject to renewals by the Company’s board of directors for an unlimited number of successive one-year periods. The advisor will conduct the Company’s operations and manage its portfolio of real estate and real estate-related investments under the terms of the advisory agreement.
Certain of the Company’s affiliates will receive fees and compensation in connection with the Company’s public offering, and the acquisition, management and sale of its real estate investments.
F–3
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2009 (Unaudited) AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
3. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS — (Continued)
The Company will pay its advisor a monthly asset management fee for the services it provides pursuant to the advisory agreement. The asset management fee will be equal to one-twelfth of 1.0% of the higher of the cost or the value of each asset, where (A) cost equals the amount actually paid, excluding acquisition fees and expenses, to purchase each asset it acquires, including any debt attributable to the asset (including any debt encumbering the asset after acquisition), provided that, with respect to any properties the Company develops, constructs or improves, cost will include the amount expended by the Company for the development, construction or improvement, and (B) the value of an asset is the value established by the most recent independent valuation report, if available, without reduction for depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves; provided, however, that 50% of the advisor’s asset management fee will not be payable until stockholders have received distributions in an amount equal to at least a 6.0% per annum cumulative, non-compounded return on invested capital, at which time all such amounts will become immediately due and payable. For these purposes, “invested capital” means the original issue price paid for the shares of the Company’s common stock reduced by prior distributions identified as special distributions from the sale of its asset. The asset management fee will be based only on the portion of the cost or value attributable to the Company’s investment in an asset if the Company does not own all of an asset. The Company will also pay the advisor a financing fee equal to 1% of the amount available under any loan or line of credit made available to the Company. The advisor may reallow some or all of this fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure such financing.
The advisor will also receive 1.75% of the purchase price of a property or investment for its services in connection with the investigation, selection, sourcing, due diligence and acquisition of that property or investment. The purchase price of a property or investment will equal the amount paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property, inclusive of expenses related thereto, and the amount of debt associated with such real property or investment. The purchase price allocable for joint venture investments will equal the product of (1) the purchase price of the underlying property and (2) the Company’s ownership percentage in the joint venture. The Company will pay the advisor an origination fee in lieu of an acquisition fee for services in connection with the investigation, selection, sourcing, due diligence, and acquisition of mortgage, subordinated, bridge or other loans of 1.75% of the principal amount of the borrower’s loan obligation or of the purchase price of any loan the Company purchases including third party expenses.
In addition, to the extent the advisor provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the disposition of one or more of the Company’s properties or investments (except for securities that are traded on a national securities exchange), the advisor will receive fees equal to the lesser of (A) 1.5% of the sales price of each property or other investment sold or (B) 50% of the selling commission that would have been paid to a third-party broker in connection with such a disposition. In no event may disposition fees paid to the advisor or its affiliates and unaffiliated third parties exceed in the aggregate 6% of the contract sales price.
In addition to the fees payable to the advisor, the Company will reimburse the advisor for all reasonable and incurred expenses in connection with services provided to the Company, subject to the limitation that the Company will not reimburse any amount that would cause its total operating expenses at the end of four preceding fiscal quarters to exceed the greater of 2% of the Company’s average invested assets or 25% of the Company’s net income determined (1) without reductions for any additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and (2) excluding any gain from the sale of the Company’s assets for that period unless a majority of its independent directors has determined such expenses were justified based on unusual and non-recurring factors. The Company will not reimburse the advisor for personnel costs in connection with services for which the advisor receives acquisition, origination or disposition fees.
F–4
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2009 (Unaudited) AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
3. RELATED PARTY TRANSACTIONS — (Continued)
The Company has issued 1,000 shares of convertible stock, par value $0.01 per share to its advisor. The convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock if and when: (A) the Company has made total distributions on the then outstanding shares of its common stock equal to the original issue price of those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares or (B) subject to specified conditions, the Company lists its common stock for trading on a national securities exchange. A “listing” will be deemed to have occurred on the effective date of any merger of the Company in which the consideration received by the holders of the Company’s common stock is the cash and/or securities of another issuer that are listed on a national securities exchange. Upon conversion, each share of convertible stock will convert into a number of shares of common stock equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (A) 15% of the excess of (1) the Company’s “enterprise value” (as defined in its charter) plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to date on the outstanding shares of its common stock over the (2) aggregate purchase price paid by the stockholders for those shares plus an 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price of those shares, divided by (B) the Company’s enterprise value divided by the number of outstanding shares of common stock, in each case calculated as of the date of the conversion. In the event an event triggering the conversion occurs after the advisory agreement with the advisor is not renewed or terminates (other than because of a material breach by the advisor), the number of shares of common stock the advisor will receive upon conversion will be prorated to account for the period of time the advisory agreement was in force.
The Company will pay Bluerock REIT Property Management, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the advisor, a property management fee equal to 4% of the monthly gross revenues from any properties it manages. Alternatively, the Company may contract property management services for certain properties directly to non-affiliated third parties, in which event the Company will pay the advisor an oversight fee equal to 1% of monthly gross revenues of such properties.
4. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Common Stock
The Company is offering and selling to the public up to $1 billion in shares of its $.01 par value common stock for $10.00 per share. The Company is also offering up to $285,000,000 in shares of its $.01 par value common stock to be issued pursuant to its distribution reinvestment plan at $9.50 per share.
Convertible Stock
The Company has issued to its advisor 1,000 shares of its convertible stock for an aggregate purchase price of $1,000. Upon certain conditions, the convertible stock will convert to shares of common stock with a value equal to 15% of the excess of (i) the Company’s enterprise value (as defined in its charter) plus the aggregate value of distributions paid to stockholders over (ii) the aggregate purchase price paid by stockholders for the Company’s shares plus a 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on the original issue price paid for those outstanding shares. The interests of stockholders purchasing in this offering will be diluted upon such conversion.
Share Repurchase Plan
The Company’s board of directors has approved a share repurchase plan. The share repurchase plan allows for share repurchases by the Company when certain criteria are met. Share repurchases will be made at the sole discretion of the board of directors.
F–5
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (CONTINUED)
AS OF JUNE 30, 2009 (Unaudited) AND DECEMBER 31, 2008
4. STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY (Continued)
Grants of Restricted Stock of Independent Directors
The Company’s independent directors will receive an automatic grant of 5,000 shares of restricted stock on the effective date of the public offering and an automatic grant of 2,500 shares of restricted stock at each annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders thereafter. Each person who thereafter is elected or appointed as an independent director will receive an automatic grant of 5,000 shares of restricted stock on the date such person is first elected as an independent director and an automatic grant of 2,500 shares of restricted stock at each annual meeting of the Company’s stockholders thereafter. To the extent allowed by applicable law, the independent directors will not be required to pay any purchase price for these grants of restricted stock. The restricted stock will vest 20% at the time of the grant and 20% on each anniversary thereafter over four years from the date of the grant. All restricted stock may receive distributions, whether vested or unvested. The value of the restricted stock to be granted is not determinable until the date of grant.
F–6
PRIOR PERFORMANCE TABLES OF BLUEROCK REAL ESTATE, L.L.C.
The following Prior Performance Tables, or Tables, provide information relating to real estate investment programs sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., or Bluerock, or Prior Real Estate Programs, through December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in the Tables or otherwise discussed in the section entitled “Prior Performance Summary” in the prospectus are private programs that have no public reporting requirements. Bluerock has not previously sponsored a public program.
As of December 31, 2008, Bluerock served as sponsor of ten Prior Real Estate Programs, seven of which had been closed to outside investors as of such date and of which only one had been completed. Because the three remaining programs commenced in 2008, and have not closed nor sold any of their properties within the three most recent years, their information is not reflected in the Tables. Certain relevant information regarding these programs is presented in Table VI, which is included in Part II of the registration statement which our company has filed with the SEC. An affiliate of Bluerock serves as either property manager or asset manager for each of these programs.
In addition to these programs with similar investment objectives, a notes program sponsored by Bluerock offered notes to be issued by a limited liability company affiliated with Bluerock. The issuer borrowed funds from investors, who invested in the issuer’s notes. The issuer in turn contributed the offering proceeds to a subsidiary for investment in real estate or real estate-related debt and investments. Investors in the notes program made loans to the issuer by investing in its notes, and did not acquire equity interests therein.
As of December 31, 2008, Bluerock through this notes program had raised approximately $11.8 million from 179 investors. Including interest accrued through December 31, 2008, a total of approximately $10.9 million of those proceeds had been invested principally with other Bluerock affiliates.
Other than the notes program sponsored by Bluerock, certain of the investment objectives of the Bluerock-sponsored programs are similar to ours, including the acquisition and operation of commercial or multifamily properties; the provision of stable cash flow available for distribution to investors; preservation and protection of investor capital; and the realization of capital appreciation upon the ultimate sale or refinancing of the program properties. See “Investment Strategies, Objectives and Policies” in the prospectus. Bluerock considers the investment objectives of the notes program to be different than the other Prior Real Estate Programs. An investor in the notes program is making an investment in notes, which is a loan to the issuer, not an equity investment. The investment objective of the notes program is to provide fixed payments of interest to investors and return principal to investors, regardless of the underlying performance of the real estate assets. Because the notes program does not have similar investment objectives to Bluerock’s other Prior Real Estate Programs, the Tables do not include information on the notes program.
Our advisor is responsible for the acquisition, origination, financing, operation, maintenance and disposition of our investments. Key members of the management of Bluerock indirectly own and control our advisor and will play a significant role in the promotion of this offering and the operation of our advisor. The financial results of the Prior Real Estate Programs thus may provide some indication of our advisor’s ability to perform its obligations. However, general economic conditions affecting the real estate industry and other factors contribute significantly to financial results.
As a prospective investor, you should read these Tables carefully together with the summary information concerning the Prior Real Estate Programs as set forth in the “Prior Performance Summary” section of this prospectus.
A–1
As an investor in our company, you will not own any interest in the Prior Real Estate Programs and should not assume that you will experience returns, if any, comparable to those experienced by investors in the Prior Real Estate Programs.
The following Tables are included herein:
Table I — Experience in Raising and Investing Funds (Unaudited)
Table II — Compensation to Sponsor (Unaudited)
Table III — Annual Operating Results of Prior Real Estate Programs
(Unaudited)
Table IV — Results of Completed Programs (Unaudited)
Table V – Results of Sales or Disposals of Property (Unaudited)
Additional information relating to the acquisition of properties by the Prior Real Estate Programs is contained in Table VI, which is included in Part II of the registration statement which our company has filed with the SEC. We will provide to you Table VI and, where feasible, additional information concerning the Prior Real Estate Programs at no charge upon request.
Except in Table III with respect to certain information required to be presented on a cash basis, all information in the Tables is presented in conformity with GAAP .
A–2
TABLE I
(UNAUDITED)
EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS
This Table I sets forth a summary of experience of Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. in raising and investing funds in in Prior Real Estate Programs the offerings of which have closed in the three years ended December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table I have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. Information is provided with regard to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have been applied. Also set forth is information pertaining to the timing and length of these offerings and the time period over which the proceeds have been invested in the properties. All figures are as of December 31, 2008.
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BR-North
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Summit at
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Landmark/Laumeier
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Dollar amount offered |
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$ |
24,975,000 |
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$ |
13,545,000 |
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$ |
7,525,000 |
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||||||
Dollar amount raised |
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|
11,432,968 |
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100.0 |
% |
|
13,387,849 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
|
7,315,869 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
Less offering expenses: |
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
|
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Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates |
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|
1,086,132 |
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9.5 |
% |
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1,338,785 |
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10.0 |
% |
|
695,008 |
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9.5 |
% |
Organizational expenses |
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|
91,464 |
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0.8 |
% |
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393,692 |
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2.9 |
% |
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280,118 |
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3.8 |
% |
Reserves |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Other |
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— |
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0.0 |
% |
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— |
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0.0 |
% |
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— |
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0.0 |
% |
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|
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|
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||||||||||||
Amount available for investment |
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$ |
10,255,372 |
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|
89.7 |
% |
$ |
11,655,372 |
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87.1 |
% |
$ |
6,340,743 |
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86.7 |
% |
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||||||||||||
Acquisition costs: |
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Cash invested |
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8,565,186 |
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33.9 |
% |
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11,158,680 |
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31.6 |
% |
|
6,043,726 |
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|
24.3 |
% |
Acquisition fees |
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|
944,501 |
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3.7 |
% |
|
206,409 |
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0.6 |
% |
|
195,538 |
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0.8 |
% |
Loan costs |
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|
745,685 |
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3.0 |
% |
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290,283 |
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0.8 |
% |
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101,479 |
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0.4 |
% |
Mortgage financing |
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|
15,000,000 |
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59.4 |
% |
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23,700,000 |
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67.0 |
% |
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18,500,000 |
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|
74.5 |
% |
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Total acquisition cost |
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$ |
25,255,372 |
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|
100 |
% |
$ |
35,355,372 |
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|
100 |
% |
$ |
24,840,743 |
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|
100 |
% |
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Percent leverage |
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59.4 |
% |
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67.0 |
% |
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74.5 |
% |
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Date offering began |
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12/9/05 |
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1/18/07 |
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6/25/07 |
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Length of offering (in months). |
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29 |
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8 |
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2 |
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|
Months to invest 90% of amount available for investment (measured from the beginning of the offering) |
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|
11(1 |
) |
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5(1 |
) |
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2(1 |
) |
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A–3
TABLE I
(UNAUDITED)
EXPERIENCE IN RAISING AND INVESTING FUNDS — (Continued)
This Table I sets forth a summary of experience of Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. in raising and investing funds in in Prior Real Estate Programs the offerings of which have closed in the three years ended December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table I have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. Information is provided with regard to the manner in which the proceeds of the offerings have been applied. Also set forth is information pertaining to the timing and length of these offerings and the time period over which the proceeds have been invested in the properties. All figures are as of December 31, 2008.
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Cummings Research Park |
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Portfolio I |
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Portfolio II |
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Portfolio III |
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1355 First
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Dollar amount offered |
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$ |
24,209,284 |
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|
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$ |
21,276,699 |
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|
|
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$ |
21,206,547 |
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|
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$ |
31,237,500 |
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|
|
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Dollar amount raised |
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|
24,209,284 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
|
21,276,699 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
|
21,206,547 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
|
31,237,500 |
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|
100.0 |
% |
Less offering expenses: |
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Selling commissions and discounts retained by affiliates |
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|
2,178,836 |
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9.0 |
% |
|
2,021,286 |
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9.5 |
% |
|
2,014,622 |
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|
9.5 |
% |
|
2,967,563 |
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|
9.5 |
% |
Organizational expenses |
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|
560,844 |
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|
2.3 |
% |
|
566,321 |
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|
2.7 |
% |
|
546,635 |
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|
2.6 |
% |
|
624,750 |
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|
2.0 |
% |
Reserves |
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|
— |
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— |
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— |
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— |
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Other |
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— |
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0.0 |
% |
|
— |
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0.0 |
% |
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— |
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0.0 |
% |
|
— |
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0.0 |
% |
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Amount available for investment |
|
$ |
21,469,604 |
|
|
88.7 |
% |
$ |
18,689,092 |
|
|
87.8 |
% |
$ |
18,645,290 |
|
|
87.9 |
% |
$ |
27,645,188 |
|
|
88.5 |
% |
|
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||||||||||||||||
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Acquisition costs: |
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|
|
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|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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Cash invested |
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|
19,862,084 |
|
|
37.0 |
% |
|
16,916,675 |
|
|
28.4 |
% |
|
17,016,048 |
|
|
32.1 |
% |
|
24,704,160 |
|
|
48.3 |
% |
Acquisition fees |
|
|
1,433,000 |
|
|
2.7 |
% |
|
1,599,526 |
|
|
2.7 |
% |
|
1,456,400 |
|
|
2.7 |
% |
|
1,329,471 |
|
|
2.6 |
% |
Loan costs |
|
|
174,520 |
|
|
0.3 |
% |
|
172,890 |
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|
0.3 |
% |
|
172,842 |
|
|
0.3 |
% |
|
1,611,557 |
|
|
3.2 |
% |
Mortgage financing |
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|
32,250,000 |
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|
60.0 |
% |
|
40,900,000 |
|
|
68.6 |
% |
|
34,390,000 |
|
|
64.8 |
% |
|
23,468,330 |
|
|
45.9 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
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|
||||||||||||||||
Total acquisition cost |
|
$ |
53,719,604 |
|
|
100 |
% |
$ |
59,589,092 |
|
|
100 |
% |
$ |
53,035,290 |
|
|
100 |
% |
$ |
51,113,518 |
|
|
100 |
% |
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|
|
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|
||||||||||||||||
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Percent leverage |
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|
60.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
68.6 |
% |
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|
|
|
64.8 |
% |
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|
|
|
45.9 |
% |
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|
Date offering began |
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|
5/13/08 |
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|
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|
11/26/07 |
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|
3/10/08 |
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|
8/14/07 |
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|
|
Length of offering (in months). |
|
|
4.5 |
|
|
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|
5 |
|
|
|
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|
3 |
|
|
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|
|
8.5 |
|
|
|
|
Months to invest 90% of amount available for investment (measured from the beginning of the offering) |
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|
0 |
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|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
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|
|
|
|
(1) |
Property was acquired by sponsor prior to offering date. Sponsor has retained ownership for the portion of the offering which was not sold and does not intend to further syndicate this program. The dollar amount raised is lower than the dollar amount offered but is shown as a 100% so that all offering percentages are calculated off of the lesser amount (i.e., the dollar amount raised). |
A–4
TABLE II
(UNAUDITED)
COMPENSATION TO SPONSOR
This Table II sets forth the types of compensation received by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C., and its affiliates, including compensation paid out of offering proceeds and compensation paid in connection with ongoing operations, in connection with seven programs the offerings of which have closed in the three years ended December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table II have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. All figures are as of December 31, 2008.
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|
BR North Park |
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Summit at |
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Landmark/
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|
Cummings Research Park |
|
1355 First |
|
Woodlands I |
|
||||||||||||
|
|
Towers, DST |
|
Southpoint |
|
Portfolio |
|
Portfolio I |
|
Portfolio II |
|
Portfolio III |
|
Avenue |
|
LLC |
|
||||||||
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|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Date offering commenced |
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|
12/9/05 |
|
|
1/18/07 |
|
|
6/25/07 |
|
|
5/13/08 |
|
|
11/26/07 |
|
|
3/10/08 |
|
|
8/14/07 |
|
|
6/15/03 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount raised |
|
$ |
11,432,968 |
|
$ |
13,387,849 |
|
$ |
7,315,869 |
|
$ |
24,209,284 |
|
$ |
21,276,699 |
|
$ |
21,206,547 |
|
$ |
31,237,500 |
|
$ |
4,311,100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Amount paid to sponsor from proceeds of offering: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting fees |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
25,000 |
|
Acquisition fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— real estate commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— advisory fees |
|
|
309,600 |
|
|
975,000 |
|
|
712,477 |
|
|
1,433,000 |
|
|
1,599,526 |
|
|
1,456,400 |
|
|
1,329,471 |
|
|
— |
|
— Reimbursed offering expenses |
|
|
91,464 |
|
|
393,692 |
|
|
280,118 |
|
|
560,844 |
|
|
566,321 |
|
|
546,635 |
|
|
624,750 |
|
|
32,333 |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total amount paid to sponsor |
|
$ |
401,064 |
|
$ |
1,368,692 |
|
$ |
992,595 |
|
$ |
1,993,844 |
|
$ |
2,200,847 |
|
$ |
2,038,035 |
|
$ |
1,954,221 |
|
$ |
57,333 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Dollar amount of cash generated from operations before deducting payments to sponsor |
|
$ |
1,028,271 |
|
$ |
2,676,419 |
|
$ |
2,478,926 |
|
$ |
2,036,756 |
|
$ |
3,917,840 |
|
$ |
3,452,804 |
|
$ |
2,717,314 |
|
$ |
1,307,264 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount paid to sponsor from operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property management fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
335,928 |
|
|
250,822 |
|
|
181,135 |
|
|
242,157 |
|
|
234,191 |
|
|
— |
|
|
328,574 |
|
Partnership management fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Construction management fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
10,398 |
|
|
36,412 |
|
|
36,412 |
|
|
36,412 |
|
|
1,200,000 |
|
|
|
|
Reimbursements |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Leasing commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Dollar amount of property sales and refinancing before deducting payments to sponsor: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— cash |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— notes |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Amount paid to sponsor from property sales and refinancing: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Incentive fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
A–5
TABLE II
(UNAUDITED)
COMPENSATION TO SPONSOR — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Plaza
|
|
Valley
|
|
BR Town &
|
|
Total |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Date offering commenced |
|
|
9/19/08 |
|
|
8/22/08 |
|
|
11/15/08 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount raised |
|
$ |
1,662,528 |
|
$ |
12,387,470 |
|
$ |
100,000 |
|
$ |
130,066,716 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amount paid to sponsor from proceeds of offering: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Underwriting fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
— |
|
Acquisition fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— real estate commissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
— advisory fees |
|
|
|
|
|
707,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
7,815,474 |
|
— Reimbursed offering expenses |
|
|
15,813 |
|
|
159,165 |
|
|
|
|
|
3,063,825 |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
35,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
70,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total amount paid to sponsor |
|
$ |
15,813 |
|
$ |
901,565 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
10,949,299 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dollar amount of cash generated from operations before deducting payments to sponsor |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
$ |
18,308,330 |
|
Amount paid to sponsor from operations: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Property management fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
106,442 |
|
|
1,244,233 |
|
Partnership management fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Construction management fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,319,634 |
|
Reimbursements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Leasing commissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Dollar amount of property sales and refinancing before deducting payments to sponsor: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— cash |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
— notes |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Amount paid to sponsor from property sales and refinancing: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Real estate commissions |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Incentive fees |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— |
|
A–6
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS
This Table III sets forth the annual operating results of Prior Real Estate Programs sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. and its affiliates that have closed offerings during the five years ended December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table III have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. All figures are for the period commencing January 1 of the year acquired, except as otherwise noted.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Woodlands I, LLC (Sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C.) |
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
2003 |
|
2004 |
|
2005 |
|
2006(1) |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
1,729,356 |
|
$ |
2,238,883 |
|
$ |
2,129,734 |
|
$ |
998,884 |
|
Gain on sale of properties |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,829,029 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
1,897 |
|
|
6,915 |
|
|
12,366 |
|
|
27,167 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
442,056 |
|
|
669,266 |
|
|
881,966 |
|
|
313,445 |
|
Interest expense. |
|
|
600,214 |
|
|
838,878 |
|
|
829,788 |
|
|
306,455 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
66,254 |
|
|
136,292 |
|
|
126,028 |
|
|
— |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
127,739 |
|
|
309,841 |
|
|
149,426 |
|
|
91,785 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
297,685 |
|
|
432,758 |
|
|
464,587 |
|
|
472,430 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Net income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
197,304 |
|
$ |
(141,237 |
) |
$ |
(309,694 |
) |
$ |
2,670,965 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
197,304 |
|
$ |
(141,237 |
) |
$ |
(309,694 |
) |
$ |
(158,064 |
) |
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,829,029 |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
440,948 |
|
|
228,066 |
|
|
(80,103 |
) |
|
(119,504 |
) |
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,214,685 |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
440,948 |
|
|
228,066 |
|
|
(80,103 |
) |
|
5,095,181 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow. |
|
|
153,903 |
|
|
525,009 |
|
|
525,009 |
|
|
60,483 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
5,214,685 |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
293,961 |
|
|
(324,597 |
) |
|
(512,820 |
) |
|
640,554 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing)Improvements to building |
|
|
135,924 |
|
|
222,874 |
|
|
204,812 |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
158,037 |
|
$ |
(547,470 |
) |
$ |
(717,632 |
) |
$ |
640,554 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
71 |
|
$ |
(30 |
) |
$ |
(61 |
) |
$ |
(31 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
131 |
|
Cash distribution to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
|
53 |
|
|
118 |
|
|
85 |
|
|
224 |
|
— from return of capital. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
53 |
|
$ |
118 |
|
$ |
85 |
|
$ |
1,224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
53 |
|
$ |
118 |
|
$ |
85 |
|
$ |
14 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
53 |
|
$ |
118 |
|
$ |
85 |
|
$ |
1,224 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table. |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The property owned by Woodlands I, LLC was purchased on April 14, 2003 and sold on May 15, 2006. |
A–7
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BR North Park Towers, DST (Sponsored by
|
|
||||||||||
|
|
|
|||||||||||
|
|
2005 |
|
2006 |
|
2007 |
|
2008 |
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
50,044 |
|
$ |
867,355 |
|
$ |
2,165,177 |
|
$ |
2,145,856 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Interest expense. |
|
|
22,091 |
|
|
334,676 |
|
|
806,665 |
|
|
817,705 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
1,401 |
|
|
32,044 |
|
|
116,998 |
|
|
120,162 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
21,173 |
|
|
512,927 |
|
|
1,259,215 |
|
|
1,286,330 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Net income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
5,379 |
|
$ |
(11,972 |
) |
$ |
(17,701 |
) |
$ |
(78,340 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
5,379 |
|
$ |
(11,972 |
) |
$ |
(17,701 |
) |
$ |
(78,340 |
) |
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
(217,284 |
) |
|
193,293 |
|
|
838,586 |
|
|
147,915 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
(217,284 |
) |
|
193,293 |
|
|
838,586 |
|
|
247,915 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow. |
|
|
— |
|
|
88,823 |
|
|
— |
|
|
215,589 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
(217,284 |
) |
|
104,470 |
|
|
838,586 |
|
|
32,326 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) Improvements to building |
|
|
— |
|
|
72,080 |
|
|
219,681 |
|
|
205,489 |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
34,837 |
|
|
34,224 |
|
|
65,660 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
(217,284 |
) |
$ |
(2,446 |
) |
$ |
584,681 |
|
$ |
(238,822 |
) |
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
1 |
|
$ |
(1 |
) |
$ |
(2 |
) |
$ |
(7 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
8 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
19 |
|
— from return of capital. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
8 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
8 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
19 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
8 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
19 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table. |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The property owned by BR North Park Towers, DST was purchased on December 9, 2005. |
A–8
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Summit at
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
4,594,040 |
|
$ |
4,844,940 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
63,770 |
|
|
19,749 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
1,893,957 |
|
|
1,876,996 |
|
Interest expense. |
|
|
1,620,832 |
|
|
1,356,549 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
181,349 |
|
|
355,891 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
82,099 |
|
|
112,526 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
587,252 |
|
|
614,799 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
292,320 |
|
$ |
547,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
292,320 |
|
$ |
547,928 |
|
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
1,151,744 |
|
|
1,188,747 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
1,151,744 |
|
|
1,188,747 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow. |
|
|
537,825 |
|
|
1,114,975 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
613,919 |
|
|
73,772 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) Improvements to building |
|
|
336,367 |
|
|
147,866 |
|
Other |
|
|
21,020 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
256,532 |
|
$ |
(74,094 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
22 |
|
$ |
41 |
|
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
40 |
|
$ |
83 |
|
— from return of capital. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
40 |
|
$ |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
40 |
|
$ |
83 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
40 |
|
$ |
83 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The property owned by Summit at Southpoint was purchased on February 22, 2006. |
A–9
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Landmark/
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 (1) |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
3,202,979 |
|
$ |
3,608,620 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
2,978 |
|
|
24,729 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
998,593 |
|
|
1,491,113 |
|
Interest expense. |
|
|
880,119 |
|
|
1,049,505 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
142,422 |
|
|
217,125 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
19,136 |
|
|
55,346 |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
479,502 |
|
|
578,004 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
686,185 |
|
$ |
242,257 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
686,185 |
|
$ |
242,257 |
|
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
306,846 |
|
|
938,097 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
306,846 |
|
|
938,097 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow. |
|
|
197,822 |
|
|
530,401 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
109,024 |
|
|
407,696 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) Improvements to building |
|
|
87,649 |
|
|
— |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
21,375 |
|
$ |
193,063 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
92 |
|
$ |
33 |
|
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
27 |
|
$ |
71 |
|
— from return of capital. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
27 |
|
$ |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
27 |
|
$ |
71 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
27 |
|
$ |
71 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The property owned by Landmark/Laumeier Porfolio was purchased on May 14, 2007. |
A–10
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1355 First Avenue
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 (1) |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
2,787,649.67 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
59,607 |
|
|
96,724 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
60,000 |
|
|
— |
|
Interest expense. |
|
|
1,020,964 |
|
|
— |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
95,225 |
|
|
19,609 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
(1,116,582 |
) |
$ |
2,864,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
2,864,765 |
|
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
(1,347,451 |
) |
|
2,864,765 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
(1,347,451 |
) |
|
2,864,765 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,641,714 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
101,719 |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
(1,449,170 |
) |
|
1,223,051 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) Improvements to building |
|
|
1,348,767 |
|
|
13,254,395 |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
(2,797,937 |
) |
$ |
(12,031,344 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
(55 |
) |
$ |
(55 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
53 |
|
— from return of capital |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
53 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
The property owned by 1355 First Avenue was purchased on June 29, 2007. |
A–11
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huntsville - Cummings
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
1,487,708 |
|
$ |
7,289,265 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
31,243 |
|
|
26,097 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
268,377 |
|
|
3,544,865 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,121,351 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
33,867 |
|
|
367,068 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
4,949 |
|
|
106,368 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
517,388 |
|
|
3,151,434 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
694,370 |
|
$ |
(1,975,724 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
694,370 |
|
$ |
(1,975,724 |
) |
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
11,107,095 |
|
|
1,185,345 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
11,107,095 |
|
|
1,185,345 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,350,057 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other. |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
11,107,095 |
|
|
(164,712 |
) |
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) Improvements to building |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,388,717 |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
96,876 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
11,107,095 |
|
$ |
(2,650,305 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(82 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
56 |
|
— from return of capital |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
56 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
56 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
A–12
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huntsville - Cummings
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
1,314,505 |
|
$ |
8,511,115 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
136,487 |
|
|
29,370 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
260,708 |
|
|
3,466,514 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,690,334 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
41,392 |
|
|
534,851 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
9,020 |
|
|
136,070 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
359,308 |
|
|
2,174,579 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
780,564 |
|
$ |
(461,863 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
780,564 |
|
$ |
(461,863 |
) |
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
11,020,459 |
|
|
2,945,123 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
11,020,459 |
|
|
2,945,123 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,227,028 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
11,020,459 |
|
|
1,718,095 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Improvements to building |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,461,149 |
|
Other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
11,020,459 |
|
$ |
256,946 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(22 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
58 |
|
— from return of capital |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
58 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
58 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
A–13
TABLE III
(UNAUDITED)
ANNUAL OPERATING RESULTS OF PRIOR REAL ESTATE PROGRAMS — (Continued)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Huntsville - Cummings
|
|
||||
|
|
|
|||||
|
|
2007 |
|
2008 |
|
||
|
|
|
|
||||
Gross revenue |
|
$ |
1,218,835 |
|
$ |
8,164,819 |
|
Interest income |
|
|
31,534 |
|
|
19,721 |
|
Less: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating expenses |
|
|
305,746 |
|
|
3,631,519 |
|
Interest expense |
|
|
— |
|
|
2,262,117 |
|
Property and asset management fees |
|
|
33,426 |
|
|
324,969 |
|
General and administrative |
|
|
9,952 |
|
|
327,175 |
|
Commissions |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
319,636 |
|
|
2,205,383 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Net Income - GAAP basis |
|
$ |
581,609 |
|
$ |
(566,623 |
) |
|
|
|
|
||||
Taxable income |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
581,609 |
|
$ |
(566,623 |
) |
— from gain on sale |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from operations |
|
|
8,981,298 |
|
|
2,661,423 |
|
Cash generated from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Cash generated from financing/refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total cash generated from operations, sales and refinancing |
|
|
8,981,298 |
|
|
2,661,423 |
|
Less: Cash distributed to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operating cash flow |
|
|
— |
|
|
1,244,261 |
|
— from sales and refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions |
|
|
8,981,298 |
|
|
1,417,162 |
|
Special items (not including sales and refinancing) |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
Improvements to building |
|
|
— |
|
|
941,557 |
|
Other |
|
|
4,508,843 |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Cash generated (deficiency) after cash distributions and special items |
|
$ |
4,472,455 |
|
$ |
475,605 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Tax and Distribution Data Per $1,000 Invested |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Federal income tax results: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Ordinary income (loss) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
(27 |
) |
— from recapture |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital gain (loss) |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
Cash distribution to investors |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Source (on GAAP basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from investment income |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
59 |
|
— from return of capital |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on GAAP basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Source (on cash basis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
— from operations |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
59 |
|
— from refinancing |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from other |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
— from sales |
|
|
— |
|
|
— |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Total distributions on cash basis |
|
$ |
— |
|
|
59 |
|
|
|
|
|
||||
Amount (in percentage terms) remaining invested in program properties at the end of last year reported in table |
|
|
100 |
% |
|
100 |
% |
A–14
TABLE IV
(UNAUDITED)
RESULTS OF COMPLETED PROGRAMS
This Table IV sets forth the results of completed Prior Real Estate Programs sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. that have sold properties and completed operations during the five years ended December 31, 2008. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table IV have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
A–15
TABLE V
(UNAUDITED)
RESULTS OF SALES OR DISPOSALS OF PROPERTY
This Table V sets forth summary information on the results of the sale or disposals of properties during the three years ended December 31, 2008 by Prior Real Estate Programs sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs have similar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling Price, Net of Closing Costs and GAAP Adjustments |
|
Cost of Properties
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Property |
|
Date Acquired |
|
Date of Sale |
|
Cash Received Net of Closing Costs |
|
Mortgage Balance at Time of Sale |
|
Purchase Money Mortgage Taken Back by Program |
|
Adjustments Resulting from Application of GAAP |
|
Total(1) |
|
Original Mortgage Financing |
|
Total Acquisition Cost, Capital Improvement Closing and Soft Costs(2) |
|
Total |
|
Excess (Deficiency) of Property Operating Cash Receipts Over Cash Expenditures |
|
|||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||||||||
The Woodlands Office Park |
|
|
4/14/03 |
|
|
5/15/06 |
|
$ |
4,843,489 |
|
$ |
14,435,424 |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
— |
|
$ |
19,278,913 |
|
$ |
12,961,344 |
|
$ |
1,863,265 |
|
$ |
14,824,609 |
|
$ |
4,084,797 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(1) |
None of these sales are being reported on the installment basis. |
|
|
(2) |
The amounts shown do not include a pro rata share of the original offering costs. There were no carried interest received in lieu of commissions in connection with the acquisition of the property. |
|
|
(3) |
Resulting taxable gain is classified as ordinary gain. |
A–16
|
|
|
|
BluerockRE.com 877.826.BLUE (2583) |
|
|
|
Subscription Agreement
The undersigned hereby tenders this subscription and applies for the purchase of the dollar amount of shares of common stock (the “Shares”) of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (sometimes referred to herein as the “Company”) set forth below.
|
|
|
|
1. Investment (Select only one.) |
Amount of Subscription $_________________________ |
||
|
|
||
o |
Initial Investment (minimum initial investment of $2500) (Purchases made by residents of TN must meet their state’s minimum amount of $5000.) |
||
|
|
||
o |
Additional Investment in this Offering (minimum of $100) |
||
|
|
||
o |
Shares are being purchased net of commissions (Purchase pursuant to a wrap fee arrangement or by a registered rep. on his/her own behalf). |
2. Type of Ownership (Select only one.)
|
|
Non-Custodial Ownership |
|
|
|
o |
Individual — One signature required. |
|
|
o |
Joint Tenants with Rights of Survivorship — |
|
All parties must sign. |
|
|
o |
Community Property — All parties must sign. |
|
|
o |
Tenants in Common — All parties must sign. |
|
|
o |
Uniform Gift to Minors Act — State of _______________ |
|
Custodian signature required. |
|
|
o |
Uniform Transfer to Minors Act — State of ___________ |
|
Custodian signature required. |
|
|
o |
Qualified Pension or Profit Sharing Plan — |
|
Include plan documents. |
|
|
o |
Trust — Include title, signature and “Powers of the |
|
Trustees” pages. |
|
|
o |
Corporation — Include corporate resolution, articles of |
|
incorporation and bylaws. Authorized signature required. |
|
|
o |
Partnership — Include partnership agreement. |
|
Authorized signature(s) required. |
|
|
o |
Other (Specify) — __________________ |
|
Include title and signature pages. |
|
|
Custodial Ownership |
|
|
|
o |
Traditional IRA — Owner and custodian |
|
signatures required. |
|
|
o |
Roth IRA — Owner and custodian signatures required. |
|
|
o |
Simplified Employee Pension/Trust (SEP) — Owner and |
|
custodian signatures required. |
|
|
o |
KEOGH — Owner and custodian signatures required. |
|
|
o |
Other — ________________________________________ |
|
Owner and custodian signatures required. |
|
|
Custodian Information (To be completed by custodian.) |
|
Name of Custodian: |
|
Mailing Address: |
|
City: |
|
State: |
Zip Code: |
Custodian Tax ID #: |
|
Custodian Account #: |
Custodian Phone #: |
3. Investor Information (You must include a permanent street address even if your mailing address is a P.O. Box.)
|
|
|
|
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust |
|
|
|
|
Securities offered through Select Capital Corporation, Member FINRA/SIPC | 3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500 | Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | 866.699.5338 |
|
Bluerock © 2009. All rights reserved. BEMT-SA-08.09 |
|
B-1 |
|
|
Subscription Agreement |
|
|
BluerockRE.com 877.826.BLUE (2583) |
3. Investor Information (continued)
4. Distributions (Select only one.)
I hereby subscribe for shares of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. and elect the distribution option indicated below (IRA accounts may not direct distributions without the custodian’s approval):
|
|
o |
I choose to participate in the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Plan. |
|
|
|
Each investor that elects to have his or her distributions invested in the Company’s Distribution Reinvestment Plan agrees to notify the Company and the broker dealer named in this Subscription Agreement in writing if any time he or she is unable to make any representations and warranties set forth in the Prospectus, as supplemented, and this Subscription Agreement, including but not limited to the representations and warranties contained in Section 6 below. |
|
|
o |
I choose to have distributions mailed to me at the address listed in Section 3. |
|
|
o |
I choose to have distributions mailed to me at the following address: ____________________________________________ |
|
|
o |
I choose to have distributions deposited in a checking, savings or brokerage account. |
|
|
|
I authorize the Company or its agent to deposit my distribution to the account indicated below. This authority will remain in force until I notify the Company to cancel it. In the event that the Company deposits funds erroneously into my account, the Company is authorized to debit my account for the amount of the erroneous deposit. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Name of Financial Institution: |
|
Your Bank’s ABA Routing #: |
||||||||
Your Account #: |
|
Name on Account or FBO: |
|
Account Type: |
|
o Checking |
|
o Savings |
|
o Brokerage |
Mailing Address: |
|
|
|
City: |
|
State: |
|
Zip Code: |
|
|
o Attach a pre-printed, voided check.
The deposit services above cannot be established without a pre-printed, voided check. For Electronic Funds Transfers, the signatures of the bank account owner(s) must appear exactly as they appear on the bank registration. If the registration at the bank differs from that on this Subscription Agreement, all parties must sign below.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Signature of Individual/Trustee/Beneficial Owner |
|
Signature of Joint Owner/Co-Trustee |
|
Date |
5. Electronic Delivery of Documents (Optional)
|
|
|
|
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust |
|
|
|
|
Securities offered through Select Capital Corporation, Member FINRA/SIPC | 3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500 | Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | 866.699.5338 |
|
Bluerock © 2009. All rights reserved. BEMT-SA-08.09 |
|
B-2 |
|
|
Subscription Agreement |
|
|
BluerockRE.com 877.826.BLUE (2583) |
6. Subscriber Signatures
Please carefully read and separately initial each of the representations below. In the case of joint investors, each investor must initial. Except in the case of fiduciary accounts, you may not grant any person power of attorney to make such representations on your behalf. In order to induce the fund to accept this subscription, I (we) hereby represent and warrant that:
|
|
|
|
|
o |
1. |
I am (we are) a resident of California , I (we) certify that I (we) have (1) a net worth of at least $250,000 or (2) a gross annual income of at least$75,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. I (we) also certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) net worth. |
|
|
o |
2. |
I am (we are) a resident of Iowa , I (we) certify that I (we) have (1) a net worth of at least $350,000 or (2) a gross annual income of at least $70,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. I (we) also certify that this investment, combined with any investment in any of the Company’s affiliates, does not exceed 10% of my (our) net worth. |
|
|
o |
3. |
I am (we are) a resident of Missouri , I (we) certify that I (we) have (1) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of$250,000 or more; or (2) a net worth (exclusive of home, home furnishings and automobiles) of at least $70,000 and had during the last tax year or estimate that I (we) will have during the current tax year a minimum of $70,000 annual gross income. I (we) also certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) liquid net worth. |
|
|
o |
4. |
I am (we are) a resident of Kentucky , I (we) certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) net worth. |
|
|
o |
5. |
I am (we are) a resident of Michigan , I (we) certify that this investment, combined with any investment in any affiliate of the Company, does not exceed 10% of my (our) net worth. |
|
|
o |
6. |
I am (we are) a resident of Ohio , I (we) certify that this investment, combined with any investment in any affiliate of the Company, does not exceed10% of my (our) liquid net worth. |
|
|
o |
7. |
I am (we are) a resident of Oregon , I (we) certify that this investment, combined with any investment in any affiliate of the Company, does not exceed 10% of my (our) liquid net worth. Oregon defines “liquid net worth” as the remaining balance of cash and other assets easily converted to cash after subtracting the investor’s total liabilities from total assets. |
|
|
o |
8. |
I am (we are) a resident of Alabama , I (we) certify that this investment, combined with investments in similar programs, does not exceed 10% of my(our) liquid net worth. |
|
|
o |
9. |
I am (we are) a resident of Kansas , I understand that the Kansas Securities Commission recommends that Kansas investors not invest, in the aggregate, more than 10% of their liquid net worth in this and similar direct participation programs. Liquid net worth is defined as that portion of net worth that consists of cash, cash equivalents and readily marketable securities. |
|
|
o |
10. |
I am (we are) a resident of New Jersey or Tennessee , I (we) certify that I (we) have a net worth of at least $500,000 or (2) a gross annual income of at least $100,000 and a net worth of at least $100,000. I (we) also certify that this investment does not exceed 10% of my (our) liquid net worth. |
|
|
The Internal Revenue Service does not require your consent to any provision of this document other than the certifications required to avoid backup withholding.
By signing below, you hereby acknowledge receipt of the Prospectus of the Company dated _______________________ not less than five (5) business days prior to the signing of this Subscription Agreement. You agree that if this subscription is accepted, it will be held, together with the accompanying payment, on the terms described in the Prospectus. You agree that subscriptions may be rejected in whole or in part by the Company in its sole and absolute discretion. You understand that you will receive a confirmation of your purchase, subject to acceptance by the Company, within 30 days from the date your subscription is received, and that the sale of Shares pursuant to this subscription agreement will not be effective until at least five business days after the date you have received a final Prospectus. Residents of the States of Maine, Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska and Ohio who first received the Prospectus only at the time of subscription may receive a refund of the subscription amount upon request to the Company within five business days of the date of subscription.
By signing below, you also acknowledge that you have been advised that the assignability and transferability of the Shares is restricted and governed by the terms of the Prospectus; there are risks associated with an investment in the Shares and you should rely only on the information contained in the Prospectus and not on any other information or representations from other sources; and you should not invest in the Shares unless you have an adequate means of providing for your current needs and personal contingencies and have no need for liquidity in this investment.
The Company is required by law to obtain, verify and record certain personal information from you or persons on your behalf in order to establish the account. Required information includes name, date of birth, permanent residential address and social security/taxpayer identification number. We may also ask to see other identifying documents. If you do not provide the information, the Company may not be able to open your account. By signing the Subscription Agreement, you agree to provide this information and confirm that this information is true and correct. You further agree that the Company may discuss your personal information and your investment in the Shares at any time with your then current financial advisor. If we are unable to verify your identity, or that of another person(s) authorized to act on your behalf, or if we believe we have identified potentially criminal activity, we reserve the right to take action as we deem appropriate which may include closing your account.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Printed Name – Owner or Authorized Person |
|
Signature – Owner or Authorized Person |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||
Printed Name – Joint Owner or Authorized Person (if applicable) |
|
Signature – Joint Owner or Authorized Person |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust |
|
|
|
|
Securities offered through Select Capital Corporation, Member FINRA/SIPC | 3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500 | Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | 866.699.5338 |
|
Bluerock © 2009. All rights reserved. BEMT-SA-08.09 |
|
B-3 |
|
|
Subscription Agreement |
|
|
BluerockRE.com 877.826.BLUE (2583) |
7. Financial Advisor (Please read and complete the following.)
The undersigned confirm on behalf of the Broker Dealer that they (i) are registered in the state in which the sale of the Shares to the investor executing this Subscription Agreement has been made and that the offering of the Shares is registered for sale in such state; (ii) have reasonable grounds to believe that the information and representations concerning the investor identified herein are true, correct and complete in all respects; (iii) have discussed such investor’s prospective purchase of Shares with such investor; (iv) have advised such investor of all pertinent facts with regard to the fundamental risks of the investment, including the lack of liquidity and marketability of the Shares; (v) have delivered a current Prospectus and related supplements, if any, to such investor; (iv) have reasonable grounds to believe that the investor is purchasing these Shares for his or her own account; and (vii) have reasonable grounds to believe that the purchase of Shares is a suitable investment for such investor, that the undersigned will obtain and retain records relating to such investor’s suitability for a period of six years, that such investor meets the suitability standards applicable to such investor set forth in the Prospectus and related supplements, if any, that such investor is in a financial position to enable such investor to realize the benefits of such an investment and to suffer any loss that may occur with respect thereto and that such investor has an understanding of the fundamental risks of the investment, the background and qualifications of the persons managing the Company and the tax consequences of purchasing and owning Shares. The undersigned Financial Advisor further represents and certifies that, in connection with this subscription for Shares, he has compiled with and has followed all applicable policies and procedures under his firm’s existing Anti-Money Laundering Program and Customer Identification Program.
|
|
|
|
Broker Dealer |
|
|
|
Name of Financial Advisor: |
Advisor #: |
Branch #: |
|
Advisor Street Address/PO Box: |
City: |
State: |
Zip Code: |
E-mail Address: |
Telephone #: |
Fax #: |
|
Financial Advisor Signature: |
|
Date: |
|
Principal Signature (if required by Broker Dealer): |
|
Date: |
|
8. Investment Instructions
|
|
o |
By Mail — Checks should be made payable to “ UMB Bank, N.A., as Escrow Agent for Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc .” or UMB Bank, N.A., as Escrow Agent for BEMTI ” or after the Company meets the minimum offering requirements, checks should be made payable to “ Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. ” or “ BEMTI ”. |
|
|
o |
By Wire Transfer
— Forward this Subscription Agreement to the address listed below. Escrow agent wiring instructions:
|
|
ABA Routing Number: 101000695
|
|
Account Name: UMB Bank, N.A., as Escrow Agent for Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. |
|
|
o |
By Asset Transfer |
|
|
o |
Custodial Accounts — Forward this Subscription Agreement directly to the custodian. |
Form Mailing Address
|
|
Regular Mail |
Overnight Mail |
Bluerock |
Bluerock |
c/o DST Systems, Inc. |
c/o DST Systems, Inc. |
PO Box 219003 |
430 West 7th Street |
Kansas City, MO 64121-9003 |
Kansas City, MO 64105 |
|
|
|
|
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust |
|
|
|
|
Securities offered through Select Capital Corporation, Member FINRA/SIPC | 3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500 | Costa Mesa, CA 92626 | 866.699.5338 |
|
Bluerock © 2009. All rights reserved. BEMT-SA-08.09 |
|
B-4 |
The Distribution Reinvestment Plan (the “DRIP”) for Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), offers to holders of the Company’s common stock, $0.01 par value per share (the “Common Stock”), the opportunity to purchase, through reinvestment of distributions, additional shares of Common Stock, on the terms, subject to the conditions and at the prices herein stated.
The DRIP will be implemented in connection with the Company’s Registration Statement under the Securities Act of 1933 on Form S-11, including the prospectus contained therein (the “Prospectus”) and the registered initial public offering of 130,000,000 shares of the Company’s Common Stock (the “Initial Offering”), of which amount 29,736,842 shares will be registered and authorized and reserved for distribution pursuant to the DRIP.
Distributions reinvested pursuant to the DRIP will be applied to the purchase of shares of Common Stock at a price per share (the “DRIP Price”) equal to $9.50 until all 29,736,842 shares reserved initially for the DRIP (the “Initial DRIP Shares”) have been purchased or until the termination of the Initial Offering, whichever occurs first. Thereafter, the Company may, in its sole discretion, effect additional registrations of common stock for use in the DRIP. In any case, the per share purchase price under the DRIP for such additionally acquired shares will equal the DRIP Price.
The DRIP
The DRIP provides you with a simple and convenient way to invest your cash distributions in additional shares of Common Stock. As a participant in the DRIP, you may purchase shares at the DRIP Price until all 29,736,842 Initial DRIP Shares have been purchased or until the Company elects to terminate the DRIP. The Company may, in its sole discretion, effect registration of additional shares of Common Stock for issuance under the DRIP.
Shares for the DRIP will be purchased directly from the Company. Such shares will be authorized and may be either previously issued or unissued shares. Proceeds from the sale of the DRIP Shares provide the Company with funds for general corporate purposes.
Eligibility
Holders of record of Common Stock must participate with respect to 100% of their shares of Common Stock. If your shares are held of record by a broker or nominee and you want to participate in the DRIP, you must make appropriate arrangements with your broker or nominee.
The Company may refuse participation in the DRIP to stockholders residing in states where shares offered pursuant to the DRIP are neither registered under applicable securities laws nor exempt from registration.
Administration
As of the date of this Prospectus, the DRIP will be administered by the Company or an affiliate of the Company (the “DRIP Administrator”), but a different entity may act as DRIP Administrator in the future. The DRIP Administrator will keep all records of your DRIP purchases and send statements of your purchases to you. Shares of Common Stock purchased under the DRIP will be registered in the name of each participating stockholder.
Enrollment
You must own shares of Common Stock in order to participate in the DRIP. You may become a participant in the DRIP by indicating your election to participate on your signed enrollment form available from the DRIP Administrator enclosed with this Prospectus and returning it to us at the time you subscribe for shares. If you receive a copy of the Prospectus or a separate prospectus relating solely to the DRIP and have not previously elected to participate in the DRIP, then you may so elect at any time by completing an enrollment form available from the
C–1
DRIP Administrator or participating broker-dealers or by other appropriate written notice to the Company of your desire to participate in the DRIP.
Your participation in the DRIP will begin with the first distribution payment after your enrollment form is received, provided such form is received on or before ten days prior to the payment date established for that distribution. If your enrollment form is received after the tenth day prior to the record date for any distribution and before payment of that distribution, reinvestment of your distributions will begin with the next distribution payment date. Distributions are expected to be paid monthly as authorized by the Company’s Board of Directors and declared by the Company.
Costs
Purchases under the DRIP will not be subject to selling commissions or the dealer manager fee for purchases made under the DRIP. All costs of administration of the DRIP will be paid by the Company.
Purchases and Price of Shares
Common Stock distributions will be invested within 30 days after the date on which Common Stock distributions are paid (the “Investment Date”). Payment dates for Common Stock distributions will be ordinarily on or about the last calendar day of each month but may be changed to quarterly in the sole discretion of the Company. Any distributions not so invested will be returned to participants in the DRIP.
You become an owner of shares purchased under the DRIP as of the Investment Date. Distributions paid on shares held in the DRIP (less any required withholding tax) will be credited to your DRIP account. Distributions will be paid on both full and fractional shares held in your account and are automatically reinvested.
Reinvested Distributions. The Company will use the aggregate amount of distributions to all participants for each distribution period to purchase shares for the participants. If the aggregate amount of distributions to participants exceeds the amount required to purchase all shares then available for purchase, the Company will purchase all available shares and will return all remaining distributions to the participants within 30 days after the date such distributions are made. The Company will allocate the purchased shares among the participants based on the portion of the aggregate distributions received on behalf of each participant, as reflected on the Company’s books.
Optional Cash Purchases. Until determined otherwise by the Company, DRIP participants may not make additional cash payments for the purchase of Common Stock under the DRIP.
Reports
Within 90 days after the end of each fiscal year, you will receive a report of all your investment, including information with respect to the distributions reinvested during the year, the number of shares purchased during the year, the per share purchase price for such shares, the total administrative charge retained by the Company or DRIP Administrator and tax information with respect to income earned on shares purchased under the DRIP for the year. These statements are your continuing record of the cost of your purchases and should be retained for income tax purposes. The Company shall provide such information reasonably requested by the dealer manager or a participating broker-dealer, in order for the dealer manager or participating broker-dealer to meet its obligations to deliver written notification to participants of the information required by Rule 10b-10(b) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Certificates for Shares
The ownership of shares purchased under the DRIP will be uncertificated and noted in book-entry form until the Company’s Board of Directors determines otherwise. The number of shares purchased will be shown on your statement of account. This feature permits ownership of fractional shares, protects against loss, theft or destruction of stock certificates and reduces the costs of the DRIP.
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Termination of Participation
You may discontinue reinvestment of distributions under the DRIP with respect to all, but not less than all, of your shares (including shares held for your account in the DRIP) at any time without penalty by notifying the DRIP Administrator in writing no less than ten days prior to the next distribution payment date. A notice of termination received by the DRIP Administrator after such cutoff date will not be effective until the next following distribution payment date. Participants who terminate their participation in the DRIP may thereafter rejoin the DRIP by notifying the Company and completing all necessary forms and otherwise as required by the Company.
A participant who changes his or her address must promptly notify the DRIP Administrator. If a participant moves his or her residence to a state where shares offered pursuant to the DRIP are neither registered nor exempt from registration under applicable securities laws, the Company may deem the participant to have terminated participation in the DRIP.
The Company reserves the right to prohibit certain employee benefit plans from participating in the DRIP if such participation could cause the underlying assets of the Company to constitute “plan assets” of such plans.
Amendment and Termination of the DRIP
The Board of Directors may, in its sole discretion, terminate the DRIP or amend any aspect of the DRIP (except for the ability of each participant to withdraw from participation in the DRIP) without the consent of participants or other stockholders, provided that written notice of termination or any material amendment is sent to participants at least 10 days prior to the effective date thereof. You will be notified if the DRIP is terminated or materially amended. The Board of Directors also may terminate any participant’s participation in the DRIP at any time by notice to such participant if continued participation will, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, jeopardize the status of the Company as a real estate investment trust under the Code.
Voting of Shares Held Under the DRIP
You will be able to vote all whole shares of Common Stock purchased under the DRIP at the same time that you vote the other shares registered in your name on the records of the Company. Fractional shares will not be voted.
Responsibility of the DRIP Administrator and the Company Under the DRIP
The DRIP Administrator will not be liable for any claim based on an act done in good faith or a good faith omission to act. This includes, without limitation, any claim of liability arising out of failure to terminate a participant’s account upon a participant’s death, the prices at which shares are purchased, the times when purchases are made, or fluctuations in the market price of Common Stock.
All notices from the DRIP Administrator to a participant will be mailed to the participant at his or her last address of record with the DRIP Administrator, which will satisfy the DRIP Administrator’s duty to give notice. Participants must promptly notify the DRIP Administrator of any change in address.
You should recognize that neither the Company nor the DRIP Administrator can provide any assurance of a profit or protection against loss on any shares purchased under the DRIP.
Interpretation and Regulation of the DRIP
The Company reserves the right, without notice to participants, to interpret and regulate the DRIP as it deems necessary or desirable in connection with its operation. Any such interpretation and regulation shall be conclusive.
Federal Income Tax Consequences of Participation in the DRIP
The following discussion summarizes the principal federal income tax consequences, under current law, of participation in the DRIP. It does not address all potentially relevant federal income tax matters, including consequences peculiar to persons subject to special provisions of federal income tax law (such as tax-exempt organizations, insurance companies, financial institutions, broker dealers and foreign persons). The discussion is based on various rulings of the Internal Revenue Service regarding several types of distribution reinvestment plans.
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No ruling, however, has been issued or requested regarding the DRIP. The following discussion is for your general information only, and you must consult your own tax advisor to determine the particular tax consequences (including the effects of any changes in law) that may result from your participation in the DRIP and the disposition of any shares purchased pursuant to the DRIP.
Stockholders subject to federal income taxation who elect to participate in the DRIP will incur a tax liability for distributions allocated to them even though they have elected not to receive their distributions in cash but rather to have their distributions reinvested pursuant to the DRIP. Specifically, participants will be treated as if they received the distribution from the Company and then applied such distribution to purchase the shares in the DRIP. To the extent that a stockholder purchases shares through the DRIP at a discount to fair market value, the stockholders will be treated for tax purposes as receiving an additional distribution equal to the amount of such discount. A stockholder designating a distribution for reinvestment will be taxed on the amount of such distribution as ordinary income to the extent such distribution is from current or accumulated earnings and profits, unless the Company has designated all or a portion of the distribution as a capital gain dividend. In such case, such designated portion of the distribution will be taxed as a capital gain. The amount treated as a distribution to you will constitute a dividend for federal income tax purposes to the same extent as a cash distribution.
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PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
Item 31. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution
Set forth below is an estimate of the approximate amount of the fees and expenses payable by the Registrant in connection with the issuance and distribution of the Shares.
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Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee |
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$ |
50,500 |
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FINRA filing fee |
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75,500 |
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Legal fees and expenses, including legal fees for dealer manager |
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1,050,000 |
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Printing and postage |
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4,272,750 |
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Accounting fees and expenses |
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1,000,000 |
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Blue Sky expenses |
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200,000 |
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Advertising, sales and literature |
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1,620,000 |
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Bona fide due diligence expense reimbursement |
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5,000,000 |
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Technology expenses |
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1,000,000 |
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Investor Relations and Administrative Support Services |
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500,000 |
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Educational conferences and sales seminars |
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3,997,740 |
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Promotional items |
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25,680 |
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Total |
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$ |
18,792,170 |
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Item 32. Sales to Special Parties
None.
Item 33. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
On August 15, 2008, the Company was capitalized with the issuance to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC of 100 shares of our common stock for $1,000. These shares were purchased for investment and for the purpose of organizing the Company. The Company issued these units in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
On August 15, 2008, the Company’s operating partnership was capitalized with the issuance to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC of 22,727 units of limited partnership interest for $200,000. The units were purchased for investment. The Company’s operating partnership issued these units in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
On October 20, 2008, the operating partnership redeemed the 22,727 units of limited partnership interest held by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC in exchange for $200,000 in cash.
On October 20, 2008, the Advisor purchased 22,100 shares of the Company’s common stock in exchange for $200,000. The Company issued these shares in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
On October 20, 2008, the Company capitalized Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC, a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company, with $200,000 in exchange for all of its membership interests.
On October 20, 2008, Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC purchased 22,727 units of limited partnership interest from the operating partnership for $200,000. The Company issued these units in reliance on an exemption from registration under Section 4(2) of the Securities Act. As of the date of this prospectus, Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC is the sole limited partner of the operating partnership, however, the Company will contribute additional proceeds from this offering to the operating partnership in exchange for units of limited partnership interest.
Item 34. Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Subject to any applicable limitations set forth under Maryland law or below, (i) no director or officer of the Company shall be liable to the Company or its stockholders for money damages and (ii) the Company shall
II–1
indemnify and pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding to (A) any individual who is a present or former director or officer of the Company; (B) any individual who, while a director or officer of the Company and at the request of the Company, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise from and against any claim or liability to which such person may become subject or which such person may incur by reason of his service in such capacity; or (C) the Advisor or any of its affiliates.
Under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “MGCL”), a Maryland corporation may limit the liability of directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages unless such liability results from actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.
In addition, the MGCL allows directors and officers to be indemnified against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements, and expenses actually incurred in a proceeding unless the following can be established:
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the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the cause of action adjudicated in the proceeding, and was committed in bad faith or was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty; |
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• |
the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or |
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• |
with respect to any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe his or her act or omission was unlawful. |
However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses.
Finally, the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and a written undertaking by him or her or on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in the paragraphs above, the Company shall not provide for indemnification of a director, the Advisor or any affiliate of an advisor (the “Indemnitee”) for any liability or loss suffered by any of them or hold such person harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Company, unless all of the following conditions are met:
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(i) the Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Company; |
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(ii) the Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Company; |
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(iii) such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a director (other than an independent director), the Advisor or an affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an independent director; |
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(iv) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of net assets and not from stockholders; and |
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(v) with respect to losses, liability or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws, one or more of the following conditions are met: (A) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the Indemnitee; (B) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or (C) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws. |
II–2
Neither the amendment nor repeal of the provision for indemnification in our charter, nor the adoption or amendment or amendment of any other provision of our charter or bylaws inconsistent with the provision for indemnification in our charter, shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the provision for indemnification in our charter with respect to any act or failure to act that occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
The Company shall pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of the final disposition of a proceeding only if (in addition to the procedures required by the MGCL) all of the following are satisfied: (a) the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company, (b) the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a stockholder or, if by a stockholder acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement and (c) the Indemnitee provides the Company with written affirmation of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification and undertakes to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that the particular Indemnitee is not entitled to indemnification.
Item 35. Treatment of Proceeds from Stock Being Registered
None.
Item 36. Financial Statements and Exhibits
(a) Index to Financial Statements
The following financial statements of the Registrant are filed as part of this Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus:
Audited Financial Statements
(1) Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
(2) Consolidated Balance Sheet as of December 31, 2008
(3) Notes to Consolidated Balance Sheet
(b) Exhibits:
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* Previously filed. |
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Item 37. Undertakings
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Act”) may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the provisions referred to in Item 34 of this registration statement, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question as to whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Act, and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
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(1) To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement: |
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(i) To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Act; |
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(ii) To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement; and |
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(iii) To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement. |
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(2) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof. |
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(3) That, all post-effective amendments will comply with the applicable forms, rules and regulations of the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “Commission”) in effect at the time such post-effective amendments are filed. |
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(4) To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering. |
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(5) That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities: |
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The Registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the Registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser: |
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(i) Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the Registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424; |
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(ii) Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the Registrant or used or referred to by the Registrant; |
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(iii) The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the Registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the Registrant; and |
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(iv) Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the Registrant to the purchaser. |
That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act of 1933 to any purchaser, if the Registrant is subject to Rule 430C, each prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) as part of a registration statement relating to an offering, other than registration statements relying on Rule 430B or other than prospectuses filed in
II–4
reliance on Rule 430A, shall be deemed to be part of an included in the registration statement as of the date it is first used after effectiveness. Provided, however, that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such first use, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such date of first use.
The Registrant undertakes to send to each stockholder at least on an annual basis a detailed statement of any transactions with the advisor or its affiliates, and of fees, commissions, compensation and other benefits paid, or accrued to the advisor or its affiliates for the fiscal year completed, showing the amount paid or accrued to each recipient and the services performed.
The Registrant undertakes to provide to the stockholders the financial statements required by Form 10-K for the first full year of operations of the Company.
The Registrant undertakes to file a sticker supplement pursuant to Rule 424(c) under the Act during the distribution period describing each property not identified in the prospectus at such time as there arises a reasonable probability that such property will be acquired, and such property represents 10% or more of the Registrant’s assets as reflected on its most recent balance sheet, giving effect to all of the Registrant’s most recent acquisitions, and to consolidate all such stickers into a post-effective amendment filed at least once every three months, with the information contained in such amendment provided simultaneously to the existing stockholders. Each sticker supplement should disclose all compensation and fees received by the advisor and its affiliates in connection with any such acquisition. The post-effective amendment shall include audited financial statements meeting the requirements of Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X only for properties acquired during the distribution period.
The Registrant also undertakes to file, after the end of the distribution period, a current report on Form 8-K containing the financial statements and any additional information required by Rule 3-14 of Regulation S-X, to reflect each commitment ( i.e. , the signing of a binding purchase agreement) made after the end of the distribution period involving the use of 10% or more (on a cumulative basis) of the net proceeds of the offering and to provide the information contained in such report to the stockholders at least once each quarter after the distribution period of the offering has ended.
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TABLE VI
(UNAUDITED)
ACQUISITIONS OF PROPERTIES BY PROGRAM
This Table VI sets forth summary information on properties acquired during the three years ended December 31, 2008 by Prior Real Estate Programs sponsored by Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. All of the Prior Real Estate Programs presented in this Table VI have similiar or identical investment objectives to Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
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Summit at |
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Landmark/
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Cummings Research Park |
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Southpoint |
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Portfolio |
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Portfolio I |
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Portfolio II |
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Portfolio III |
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Property Name |
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Summit at
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Landmark
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Cummings
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Cummings
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Cummings
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Location |
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Jacksonville, FL |
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St. Louis, MO |
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Huntsville, AL |
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Huntsville, AL |
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Huntsville, AL |
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Type |
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Office |
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Office |
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Office |
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Office |
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Office |
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Number of units |
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Total sq. ft of units |
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259,587 |
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182,955 |
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516,583 |
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672,328 |
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513,014 |
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Date(s) of purchase |
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2/22/06 |
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5/14/07 |
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11/7/07 |
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11/7/07 |
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11/7/07 |
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Mortgage Financing at date(s) of purchase |
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$ |
23,700,000 |
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$ |
18,500,000 |
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$ |
32,250,000 |
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$ |
40,900,000 |
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$ |
34,390,000 |
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Cash invested |
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$ |
11,164,124 |
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$ |
6,043,726 |
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$ |
19,459,310 |
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$ |
15,408,857 |
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$ |
16,129,498 |
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Acquisition cost: |
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Contract purchase price plus acquisition fee |
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$ |
30,606,409 |
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$ |
21,395,538 |
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$ |
50,067,280 |
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$ |
54,505,880 |
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$ |
49,480,000 |
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Other cash expenditures capitalized |
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4,257,715 |
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3,148,188 |
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1,642,030 |
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1,802,977 |
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1,039,498 |
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Total acquisition cost |
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$ |
34,864,124 |
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$ |
24,543,726 |
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$ |
51,709,310 |
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$ |
56,308,857 |
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$ |
50,519,498 |
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1355 First
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Plaza
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Valley
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BR Town &
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Property Name |
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1355 First
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Plaza
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Valley
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Town &
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Location |
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New York, NY
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Over land |
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Pallyup
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St. Louis, MO |
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Type |
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Condos |
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Multi Family |
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Multi Family |
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Office |
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Number of units |
|
|
45 |
|
|
200 |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
|
Total sq. ft of units |
|
|
|
|
|
334,088 |
|
|
350,000 |
|
|
257,248 |
|
Date(s) of purchase |
|
|
6/29/07 |
|
|
8/29/08 |
|
|
7/31/08 |
|
|
6/24/08 |
|
Mortgage Financing at date(s) of purchase |
|
$ |
19,000,000 |
|
$ |
16,880,000 |
|
$ |
23,011,000 |
|
$ |
29,500,000 |
|
Cash invested |
|
$ |
15,598,050 |
|
$ |
3,053,754 |
|
$ |
16,766,354 |
|
$ |
295,979 |
|
Acquisition cost: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Contract purchase price plus acquisition fee |
|
$ |
33,606,397 |
|
$ |
21,733,000 |
|
$ |
35,976,600 |
|
$ |
44,032,500 |
|
Other cash expenditures capitalized |
|
|
991,653 |
|
|
890,395 |
|
|
1,601,611 |
|
|
1,890,820 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||
Total acquisition cost |
|
$ |
34,598,050 |
|
$ |
22,623,395 |
|
$ |
37,578,211 |
|
$ |
45,923,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
II–6
SIGNATURE PAGE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, the Registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all of the requirements for filing on Form S-11 and has duly caused this amended registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, State of New York, on the 25th day of September , 2009.
|
|
|
|
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC. |
|
|
By: |
/s/ R. Ramin Kamfar |
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ramin Kamfar, |
|
|
Chief Executive Officer |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, this amended registration statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Signature |
|
Title |
|
Date |
|
|
|
|||
|
/s/ R. Ramin Kamfar |
|
Chief Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board (Principal Executive Officer) |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Jerold E. Novack* |
|
Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ James G. Babb, III* |
|
President, Chief Investment Officer and Director |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Brian D. Bailey* |
|
Director |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ I. Bobby Majumder* |
|
Director |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
/s/ Romano Tio* |
|
Director |
|
September 25, 2009 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ R. Ramin Kamfar |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Ramin Kamfar |
|
|
|
|
|
Attorney-in-fact |
|
|
|
|
II–7
EXHIBIT LIST
|
|
|
|
* Previously filed. |
(This page intentionally left blank)
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
If to the Company:
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. | |
|
680 5 th Avenue, 16 th Floor | |
|
New York, New York 10019 | |
|
Facsimile: (646) 278-4220 | |
|
Attention: R. Ramin Kamfar | |
|
||
With a copy to::
|
Alston & Bird LLP | |
|
1201 West Peachtree Street | |
|
Atlanta, Georgia 30309-3424 | |
|
Facsimile: (404) 881-7777 | |
|
Attention: Rosemarie A. Thurston | |
|
||
If to the Operating Partnership:
|
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P.
c/o Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., General Partner |
|
|
680 5 th Avenue, 16 th Floor | |
|
New York, New York 10019 | |
|
Facsimile: (646) 278-4220 | |
|
Attention: R. Ramin Kamfar |
26
With a copy to::
|
Alston & Bird LLP | |
|
1201 West Peachtree Street | |
|
Atlanta, Georgia 30309-3424 | |
|
Facsimile: (404) 881-7777 | |
|
Attention: Rosemarie A. Thurston | |
|
||
If to the Dealer Manager:
|
Select Capital Corporation | |
|
3070 Bristol Street, Suite 500 | |
|
Costa Mesa, California 92626 | |
|
Facsimile: [ ] | |
|
Attention: [ ] | |
|
||
With a copy to::
|
Holland & Hart LLP | |
|
60 E. South Temple, Suite 2000 | |
|
Salt Lake City, Utah 84111-1031 | |
|
Facsimile: (801) 799-5700 | |
|
Attention: Gregory Lindley |
27
Accepted and agreed as of the date first above written: | ||||||
|
||||||
“DEALER MANAGER” | ||||||
|
||||||
SELECT CAPITAL CORPORATION | ||||||
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||||||
By:
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||||||
|
Name: | |||||
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Title: | |||||
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28
29
Exhibit 3.1
Exhibit 3.1
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.
ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT AND RESTATEMENT
FIRST : Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), desires to amend and restate its charter as currently in effect and as hereinafter amended (the “Charter”).
SECOND : The following provisions are all the provisions of the Charter currently in effect and as hereinafter amended:
ARTICLE I
NAME
The name of the corporation (which is hereinafter called the “Corporation”) is:
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc.
ARTICLE II
PURPOSES AND POWERS
The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are to engage in any lawful act or activity (including, without limitation or obligation, engaging in business as a real estate investment trust under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”)) for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.
ARTICLE III
PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN STATE AND RESIDENT AGENT
The address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is c/o CSC - Lawyers Incorporating Service Company, 7 Saint Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation are CSC — Lawyers Incorporating Service Company, 7 Saint Paul Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21202. The resident agent is a Maryland corporation.
ARTICLE IV
DEFINITIONS
As used in the Charter, the following terms shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires:
Acquisition Expenses. The term “Acquisition Expenses” shall mean any and all expenses incurred by the Corporation, the Advisor, or any Affiliate of either in connection with the selection, evaluation, acquisition or development of, and investment
-1-
in, any Asset, whether or not acquired, originated or made, including, without limitation: legal fees and expenses; travel and communications expenses; costs of appraisals and surveys; nonrefundable option payments on properties or other investments not acquired; accounting fees and expenses; computer use related expenses; architectural engineering and other property reports; environmental and asbestos audits; title insurance and escrow fees; loan fees or points or any fee of a similar nature paid to a third party, however designated; transfer taxes and personnel and miscellaneous expenses related to the selection, evaluation and acquisition of Properties, Mortgages, loans or other investments.
Acquisition Fee . The term “Acquisition Fee” shall mean any and all fees and commissions, exclusive of Acquisition Expenses, paid by any Person to any other Person (including any fees or commissions paid by or to any Affiliate of the Corporation or the Advisor) in connection with making or investing in any Asset or the purchase, development or construction of an Asset, including real estate commissions, selection fees, nonrecurring management fees, investment banking fees, loan fees, points or any other fees of a similar nature, however designated. Excluded shall be Development Fees and Construction Management Fees paid to any Person not affiliated with the Sponsor in connection with the actual development and construction of a Property.
Advisor or Advisors . The term “Advisor” or “Advisors” shall mean the Person or Persons, if any, appointed, employed or contracted with by the Corporation pursuant to Section 8.1 hereof and responsible for directing or performing the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation, including any Person to whom the Advisor subcontracts all or substantially all of such functions.
Advisory Agreement . The term “Advisory Agreement” shall mean the agreement between the Corporation and the Advisor pursuant to which the Advisor will direct or perform the day-to-day business affairs of the Corporation.
Advisory Agreement Termination. The term “Advisory Agreement Termination” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.4.3(c) herein.
Affiliate or Affiliated . The term “Affiliate” or “Affiliated” shall mean, with respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote, ten percent or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person ten percent or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.
Aggregate Share Ownership Limit . The term “Aggregate Share Ownership Limit” shall mean not more than 9.8% in value of the aggregate of the outstanding Shares.
-2-
Asset . The term “Asset” shall mean any Property, Real Estate-Related Loan or other direct or indirect investment (other than investments in bank accounts, money market funds or other current assets) owned by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates or Joint Ventures or through other investment interests, and any other investment made by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through one or more of its Affiliates or Joint Ventures or through other investment interests.
Average Invested Assets . The term “Average Invested Assets” shall mean, for a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the Assets, before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
Beneficial Ownership . The term “Beneficial Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the Code. The terms “Beneficial Owner,” “Beneficially Owns” and “Beneficially Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.
Board or Board of Directors . The term “Board” or “Board of Directors” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
Business Day . The term “Business Day” shall mean any day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, that is neither a legal holiday nor a day on which banking institutions in New York City are authorized or required by law, regulation or executive order to close.
Bylaws . The term “Bylaws” shall mean the Bylaws of the Corporation, as amended from time to time.
Change of Control . The term “Change of Control” shall mean any (i) event (including, without limitation, issue, transfer or other disposition of Shares, merger, share exchange or consolidation) after which any “person” (as that term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act) is or becomes the “beneficial owner” (as defined in Rule 13d-3 of the Exchange Act), directly or indirectly, of Securities representing greater than 50% of the combined voting power of the Corporation’s then outstanding Securities, respectively; provided, that a Change of Control shall not be deemed to occur as a result of any widely distributed public offering of the Common Shares or (ii) direct or indirect sale, transfer, conveyance or other disposition (other than pursuant to clause (i)), in one or a series of related transactions, of all or substantially all of the Properties or Assets, taken as a whole, to any “person” (as that term is used in Sections 13(d) and 14(d) of the Exchange Act).
Charitable Beneficiary . The term “Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Charitable Trust as determined pursuant to Section 6.2.6, provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code
-3-
and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
Charitable Trust . The term “Charitable Trust” shall mean any trust provided for in Section 6.2.1.
Charitable Trustee . The term “Charitable Trustee” shall mean the Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and a Prohibited Owner, that is appointed by the Corporation to serve as Trustee of the Charitable Trust.
Charter . The term “Charter” shall mean the charter of the Corporation.
Closing Price . The term “Closing Price” on any date, shall mean the last sale price for any class or series of the Common Shares, regular way, or, in case no sale takes place on that day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for the Common Shares, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to Common Shares Listed or, if the Common Shares are not Listed, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the principal automated quotation system or other quotation service that may then be in use or, if the Common Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Common Shares selected by the Board.
Code . The term “Code” shall have the meaning as provided in Article II herein.
Commencement of the Initial Public Offering . The term “Commencement of the Initial Public Offering” shall mean the date that the Securities and Exchange Commission declares effective the registration statement filed under the Securities Act for the Initial Public Offering.
Common Share Ownership Limit . The term “Common Share Ownership Limit” shall mean not more than 9.8% (in value or in number of Shares, whichever is more restrictive) of the aggregate of the outstanding Common Shares.
Common Shares . The term “Common Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.
Competitive Real Estate Commission . The term “Competitive Real Estate Commission” shall mean a real estate or brokerage commission paid or, if no commission is paid, the amount that customarily would be paid, for the purchase or sale of a Property that is reasonable, customary and competitive in light of the size, type and location of the Property.
Construction Management Fee . The term “Construction Management Fee” shall mean a fee or other remuneration for acting as general contractor and/or construction
-4-
manager to construct improvements, supervise and coordinate projects or provide major repairs or rehabilitations on a Property.
Constructive Ownership . The term “Constructive Ownership” shall mean ownership of Shares by a Person, whether the interest in Shares is held directly or indirectly (including by a nominee), and shall include interests that would be treated as owned through the application of Section 318(a) of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code. The terms “Constructive Owner,” “Constructively Owns” and “Constructively Owned” shall have the correlative meanings.
Contract Purchase Price . The term “Contract Purchase Price” shall mean the amount actually paid or budgeted in respect of the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a Property or the amount of funds advanced with respect to a Mortgage, or the amount actually paid or budgeted in respect of the purchase of other Assets, in each case exclusive of Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses but including any debt attributable to the acquired Assets.
Conversion Product . The term “Conversion Product” shall mean the product of 0.15 times the amount, if any, by which (X) the sum of the Enterprise Value as of the date of the Triggering Event plus total Distributions paid to holders of Common Shares through the date of the Triggering Event, exceeds (Y) the sum of Invested Capital plus the Stockholders’ 8% Return as of the date of the Triggering Event.
Convertible Shares . The term “Convertible Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.4 herein.
Corporation . The term “Corporation” shall have the meaning as provided in Article I herein.
Dealer Manager . The term “Dealer Manager” shall mean Select Capital Corporation, a California corporation or such other Person selected by the Board to act as the dealer manager for an Offering.
Development Fee . The term “Development Fee” shall mean a fee for the packaging of a Property, including the negotiation and approval of plans, and any assistance in obtaining zoning and necessary variances and financing for a specific Property, either initially or at a later date.
Director . The term “Director” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 7.1 herein.
Distributions . The term “Distributions” shall mean any distributions of money or other property, pursuant to Section 5.6 hereof, by the Corporation to owners of Shares, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes but, for purposes of Section 5.4, excluding distributions that constitute the
-5-
redemption of any Common Shares and excluding distributions on any Common Shares before their redemption.
Enterprise Value . The term “Enterprise Value” shall mean the actual value of the Corporation as a going concern based on the difference between (1) the actual value of all of its assets as determined in good faith by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, within a reasonably practicable time after a Triggering Event, and (2) all of its liabilities as set forth on its balance sheet for the period ended immediately prior to the determination date; provided that (A) if the Enterprise Value is being determined in connection with a Change of Control that establishes the Corporation’s net worth, then the Enterprise Value shall be the net worth established thereby, and (B) if the Enterprise Value is being determined in connection with a Listing, then the Enterprise Value shall be equal to the number of outstanding Common Shares multiplied by the Closing Price of a single Common Share averaged over a period of 30 trading days during which the Common Shares are listed or quoted for trading after the date of Listing. Such period of 30 trading days shall be mutually agreed upon by the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, and the Advisor. For purposes hereof, a “trading day” shall be any day on which the New York Stock Exchange is open for trading whether or not the Common Shares are then listed on the New York Stock Exchange and whether or not there is an actual trade of Common Shares on any such day. If the holder of Convertible Shares disagrees as to the Enterprise Value as determined by the Board, then each of the holder of Convertible Shares and the Corporation shall name one appraiser and the two named appraisers shall promptly agree in good faith to the appointment of one other appraiser whose determination of the Enterprise Value shall be final and binding on the parties as to Enterprise Value. The cost of any appraisal shall be split evenly between the Corporation and the Advisor.
Excepted Holder . The term “Excepted Holder” shall mean a Stockholder for whom an Excepted Holder Limit is created by Article VI or by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7.
Excepted Holder Limit . The term “Excepted Holder Limit” shall mean, provided that the affected Excepted Holder agrees to comply with the requirements established by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7 and subject to adjustment pursuant to Section 6.1.8, the percentage limit established by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 6.1.7.
Excess Amount . The term “Excess Amount” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 8.10 herein.
Exchange Act . The term “Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto.
Gross Proceeds . The term “Gross Proceeds” shall mean the aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Corporation through an Offering, without deduction for Selling Commissions, volume discounts, any marketing support and due diligence expense reimbursement or Organization and Offering Expenses. For the
-6-
purpose of computing Gross Proceeds, the purchase price of any Share for which reduced Selling Commissions are paid to the Dealer Manager or a Soliciting Dealer (where net proceeds to the Corporation are not reduced) shall be deemed to be the full amount of the offering price per Share pursuant to the Prospectus for such Offering without reduction.
Indemnitee . The term “Indemnitee” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 12.2(b) herein.
Independent Appraiser . The term “Independent Appraiser” shall mean a Person with no material current or prior business or personal relationship with the Advisor or the Directors and who is engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property and/or other Assets of the type held by the Corporation. Membership in a nationally recognized appraisal society such as the American Institute of Real Estate Appraisers or the Society of Real Estate Appraisers shall be conclusive evidence of being engaged to a substantial extent in the business of rendering opinions regarding the value of Real Property.
Independent Director . The term “Independent Director” shall mean a Director who is not on the date of determination, and within the last two years from the date of determination has not been, directly or indirectly associated with the Sponsor or the Advisor by virtue of (i) ownership of an interest in the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than the Corporation, (ii) employment by the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, (iii) service as an officer or director of the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates, other than as a Director of the Corporation, (iv) performance of services, other than as a Director, for the Corporation, (v) service as a director or trustee of more than three real estate investment trusts organized by the Sponsor or advised by the Advisor, or (vi) maintenance of a material business or professional relationship with the Sponsor, the Advisor or any of their Affiliates. A business or professional relationship is considered “material” if the aggregate gross revenue derived by the Director from the Sponsor, the Advisor and their Affiliates exceeds five percent of either the Director’s annual gross revenue during either of the last two years or the Director’s net worth on a fair market value basis. An indirect association with the Sponsor or the Advisor shall include circumstances in which a Director’s spouse, parent, child, sibling, mother- or father-in-law, son- or daughter-in-law or brother- or sister-in-law is or has been associated with the Sponsor, the Advisor, any of their Affiliates or the Corporation.
Initial Date . The term “Initial Date” shall mean the date on which Shares are first issued in the Corporation’s first Offering.
Initial Investment . The term “Initial Investment” shall mean that portion of the initial capitalization of the Operating Partnership contributed by the Sponsor or its Affiliates pursuant to Section II.A. of the NASAA REIT Guidelines.
Initial Public Offering . The term “Initial Public Offering” shall mean the first Offering pursuant to an effective registration statement filed under the Securities Act.
-7-
Invested Capital . The term “Invested Capital” shall mean the amount calculated by multiplying the total number of Common Shares issued by the Corporation by the original issue price for each such Share , reduced by an amount equal to the total number of Common Shares repurchased from Stockholders by the Company (pursuant to any Corporation plan to repurchase Common Shares) multiplied by the original issue price for each such repurchased Common Share when initially purchased from the Company.
Joint Ventures . The term “Joint Ventures” shall mean those joint venture or partnership arrangements in which the Corporation or any of its subsidiaries is a co-venturer or general partner established to acquire, hold or make an investment in Assets.
Leverage . The term “Leverage” shall mean the aggregate amount of indebtedness of the Corporation for money borrowed (including purchase money mortgage loans) outstanding at any time, both secured and unsecured.
Listing . The term “Listing” shall mean the listing of the Common Shares on a national securities exchange or the trading of the Common Shares in the over-the-counter market. Upon such Listing, the Common Shares shall be deemed Listed.
Market Price . The term “Market Price” on any date shall mean, with respect to any class or series of outstanding Shares, the Closing Price for such Shares on such date. The “Closing Price” on any date shall mean the last sale price for such Shares, regular way, or, in case no such sale takes place on such day, the average of the closing bid and asked prices, regular way, for such Shares, in either case as reported in the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE or, if such Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on the NYSE, as reported on the principal consolidated transaction reporting system with respect to securities listed on the principal national securities exchange on which such Shares are listed or admitted to trading or, if such Shares are not listed or admitted to trading on any national securities exchange, the last quoted price, or, if not so quoted, the average of the high bid and low asked prices in the over-the-counter market, as reported by the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. Automated Quotation System or, if such system is no longer in use, the principal other automated quotation system that may then be in use or, if such Shares are not quoted by any such organization, the average of the closing bid and asked prices as furnished by a professional market maker making a market in such Shares selected by the Board of Directors or, in the event that no trading price is available for such Shares, the fair market value of Shares, as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors.
MGCL . The term “MGCL” shall mean the Maryland General Corporation Law, as amended from time to time.
Mortgages . The term “Mortgages” shall mean, in connection with mortgage financing provided, invested in, participated in or purchased by the Corporation, all of the notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations,
-8-
which are secured or collateralized by Real Property owned by the borrowers under such notes, deeds of trust, security interests or other evidences of indebtedness or obligations.
NASAA REIT Guidelines . The term “NASAA REIT Guidelines” shall mean the Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007 and in effect on the Initial Date.
Net Assets . The term “Net Assets” shall mean the total Assets (other than intangibles) at cost, before deducting depreciation, reserves for bad debts or other non-cash reserves, less total liabilities, calculated quarterly by the Corporation on a basis consistently applied.
Net Income . The term “Net Income” shall mean for any period, the Corporation’s total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to, or allowances for, reserves for depreciation, amortization, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of the Assets.
Net Sales Proceeds . The term “Net Sales Proceeds” shall mean in the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(A) of the definition of Sale, the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation, including all real estate commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(B) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(C) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction actually distributed to the Corporation or the Operating Partnership from the Joint Venture less the amount of any selling expenses, including legal fees and expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation (other than those paid by the Joint Venture). In the case of a transaction or series of transactions described in clause (i)(D) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction (including the aggregate of all payments under a Mortgage or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation, including all commissions, closing costs and legal fees and expenses. In the case of a transaction described in clause (i)(E) of such definition, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of any such transaction less the amount of selling expenses incurred by or on behalf of the Corporation, including any legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred in connection with such transaction. In the case of a transaction described in clause (ii) of the definition of Sale, Net Sales Proceeds means the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions less all amounts generated thereby which are reinvested in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter and less the amount of any real estate commissions, closing costs, and legal fees and expenses and other selling expenses incurred by or allocated to the Corporation or the Operating Partnership in connection
-9-
with such transaction or series of transactions. Net Sales Proceeds shall also include any amounts that the Corporation determines, in its discretion, to be economically equivalent to proceeds of a Sale. Net Sales Proceeds shall not include any reserves established by the Corporation in its sole discretion.
Non-Compliant Tender Offer . The term “Non-Compliant Tender Offer” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7 herein.
NYSE . The term “NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange.
Offering . The term “Offering” shall mean any offering and sale of Shares.
Offering Stage . The term “Offering Stage” shall mean the period beginning with the commencement of the Initial Public Offering and ending when the Corporation is no longer publicly offering Shares that are not listed on a national securities exchange, provided that as of the date of determination the Company has not engaged in such offering for one year. The term “Offering Stage” shall not include offerings related to a distribution reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan, share redemption program or redemption of interests in the Operating Partnership.
Operating Partnership . The term “Operating Partnership” shall mean Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership, through which the Corporation may own Assets.
Organization and Offering Expenses . The term “Organization and Offering Expenses” shall mean any and all costs and expenses incurred by and to be paid from the assets of the Corporation in connection with the formation of the Corporation and the qualification and registration of an Offering, and the marketing and distribution of Shares, including, without limitation, total underwriting and brokerage discounts and commissions (including fees of the underwriters’ attorneys), expenses for printing, engraving and amending registration statements or supplementing prospectuses, mailing and distributing costs, salaries of employees while engaged in sales activity, telephone and other telecommunications costs, all advertising and marketing expenses (including the costs related to investor and broker-dealer sales meetings), charges of transfer agents, registrars, trustees, escrow holders, depositories and experts and fees, expenses and taxes related to the filing, registration and qualification of the sale of the Shares under federal and state laws, including taxes and fees and accountants’ and attorneys’ fees.
Person . The term “Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Sections 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Exchange Act and a group to which an Excepted Holder Limit applies.
Preferred Shares . The term “Preferred Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.1 herein.
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Prohibited Owner . The term “Prohibited Owner” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer, any Person who, but for the provisions of Section 6.1.1, would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares, and if appropriate in the context, shall also mean any Person who would have been the record owner of Shares that the Prohibited Owner would have so owned.
Property or Properties . The term “Property” or “Properties” shall mean, as the context requires, any, or all, respectively, of the Real Property acquired by the Corporation, directly or indirectly through joint venture arrangements or other partnership or investment interests.
Prorated Term . The term “Prorated Term” shall mean the quotient, the numerator of which is the number of days since the effective date of the Initial Public Offering during which the Advisory Agreement with Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC was enforced and the denominator of which is the number of days elapsed from the effective date of the Initial Public Offering through the date of the Triggering Event.
Prospectus . The term “Prospectus” shall mean the same as that term is defined in Section 2(10) of the Securities Act, including a preliminary prospectus, an offering circular as described in Rule 256 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act, or, in the case of an intrastate offering, any document by whatever name known, utilized for the purpose of offering and selling Securities to the public.
Real Estate-Related Loan. Any investments in, or originations of, Mortgages and other types of real estate-related debt financing, including, without limitation, mezzanine loans, bridge loans, convertible Mortgages, wraparound Mortgages, construction Mortgages, loans on leasehold interests and participation in such loans by the Corporation or the Operating Partnership.
Real Property or Real Estate . The term “Real Property” or “Real Estate” shall mean land, rights in land (including leasehold interests), and any buildings, structures, improvements, furnishings, fixtures and equipment located on or used in connection with land and rights or interests in land.
Reinvestment Plan . The term “Reinvestment Plan” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.11 herein.
REIT . The term “REIT” shall mean a corporation, trust, association or other legal entity (other than a real estate syndication) that is engaged primarily in investing in equity interests in real estate (including fee ownership and leasehold interests) or in loans secured by real estate or both as defined pursuant to the REIT Provisions of the Code.
REIT Provisions of the Code . The term “REIT Provisions of the Code” shall mean Sections 856 through 860 of the Code and any successor or other provisions of the Code relating to real estate investment trusts (including provisions as to the attribution of ownership of beneficial interests therein) and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
Restriction Termination Date . The term “Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the first day after the Initial Date on which the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions and limitations on Beneficial Ownership, Constructive Ownership and Transfers of Shares set forth herein is no longer required in order for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT.
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Roll-Up Entity . The term “Roll-Up Entity” shall mean a partnership, real estate investment trust, corporation, trust or similar entity that would be created or would survive after the successful completion of a proposed Roll-Up Transaction.
Roll-Up Transaction . The term “Roll-Up Transaction” shall mean a transaction involving the acquisition, merger, conversion or consolidation either directly or indirectly of the Corporation and the issuance of securities of a Roll-Up Entity to the holders of Common Shares. Such term does not include:
(a) a transaction involving securities of the Corporation that have been Listed for at least twelve months; or
(b) a transaction involving the conversion to corporate, trust or association form of only the Corporation, if, as a consequence of the transaction, there will be no significant adverse change in any of the following:
(i) |
voting rights of the holders of Common Shares; |
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(ii) |
the term of existence of the Corporation; |
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(iii) |
Sponsor or Advisor compensation; or |
|
(iv) |
the Corporation’s investment objectives. |
Sale or Sales . The term “Sale” or “Sales” shall mean (i) any transaction or series of transactions whereby: (A) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Asset or portion thereof, including the lease of any Property consisting of a building only, and including any event with respect to any Asset which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards; (B) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Corporation or the Operating Partnership in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner; (C) any Joint Venture directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) in which the Corporation or the Operating Partnership as a co-venturer or partner sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Property, Mortgage, loan, or other investment or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Asset which gives rise to insurance claims or condemnation awards; (D) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any loan or portion thereof (including with respect to any loan, all payments thereunder or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) of amounts owed pursuant to such loan and any event which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards; or (E) the Corporation or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any other Asset not previously described in this definition or any portion thereof, but (ii) not including any transaction or series of transactions
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specified in clause (i) (A) through (E) above in which the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions are reinvested by the Corporation in one or more Assets within 180 days thereafter.
SDAT . The term “SDAT” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.5 herein.
Securities . The term “Securities” shall mean any of the following issued by the Corporation, as the text requires: Shares, any other stock, shares or other evidences of equity or beneficial or other interests, voting trust certificates, bonds, debentures, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, secured or unsecured, convertible, subordinated or otherwise, or in general any instruments commonly known as “securities” or any certificates of interest, shares or participations in, temporary or interim certificates for, receipts for, guarantees of, or warrants, options or rights to subscribe to, purchase or acquire, any of the foregoing.
Securities Act . The term “Securities Act” shall mean the Securities Act of 1933, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Securities Act shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.
Selling Commissions . The term “Selling Commissions” shall mean any and all commissions payable to underwriters, dealer managers or other broker-dealers in connection with the sale of Shares, including, without limitation, commissions payable to the Dealer Manager.
Shares . The term “Shares” shall mean shares of stock of the Corporation of any class or series, including Common Shares, Preferred Shares or Convertible Shares.
Soliciting Dealers . The term “Soliciting Dealers” shall mean those broker-dealers that are members of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. or that are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and that, in either case, enter into participating broker or other agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Shares.
Sponsor . The term “Sponsor” shall mean any Person which (i) is directly or indirectly instrumental in organizing, wholly or in part, the Corporation, (ii) will control, manage or participate in the management of the Corporation, and any Affiliate of any such Person, (iii) takes the initiative, directly or indirectly, in founding or organizing the Corporation, either alone or in conjunction with one or more other Persons, (iv) receives a material participation in the Corporation in connection with the founding or organizing of the business of the Corporation, in consideration of services or property, or both services and property, (v) has a substantial number of relationships and contacts with the Corporation, (vi) possesses significant rights to control Properties, (vii) receives fees for providing services to the Corporation which are paid on a basis that is not customary in the industry or (viii) provides goods or services to the Corporation on a basis which was
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not negotiated at arm’s-length with the Corporation. “Sponsor” does not include any Person whose only relationship with the Corporation is that of an independent property manager and whose only compensation is as such, or wholly independent third parties such as attorneys, accountants and underwriters whose only compensation is for professional services.
Stockholder List . The term “Stockholder List” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.5 herein.
Stockholders . The term “Stockholders” shall mean the holders of record of the Shares as maintained in the books and records of the Corporation or its transfer agent.
Stockholders’ 8% Return . The term “Stockholders’ 8% Return” shall mean, as of any date, an aggregate amount equal to a 8% cumulative, non-compounded, annual return on Invested Capital (calculated like simple interest on a daily basis based on a 365-day year); provided, however, that for purposes of calculating the Stockholders’ 8% Return, Invested Capital shall be determined on a daily basis net of Distributions attributable to Net Sales Proceeds.
Tendered Shares . The term “Tendered Shares” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 11.7 herein.
Termination Date . The term “Termination Date” shall mean the date of termination of the Advisory Agreement.
Total Operating Expenses . The term “Total Operating Expenses” shall mean all costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Corporation, as determined under generally accepted accounting principles, that are in any way related to the operation of the Corporation or to corporate business, including advisory fees, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as Organization and Offering Expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration, and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and Listing of the Shares, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines; (vi) Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses, (vii) disposition fees or real estate commissions on the Sale of Property, and (viii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, origination, disposition (whether by sale, exchange or condemnation), management and ownership of Properties, Mortgages, loans or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair, and improvement of property).
Transfer . The term “Transfer” shall mean any issuance, sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition, as well as any other event that causes any Person to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership, or any agreement to take any such actions or cause any such events, of Shares or the right to vote or receive dividends on Shares, including (i) the granting or exercise of any option (or any
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disposition of any option), (ii) any disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Shares or any interest in Shares or any exercise of any such conversion or exchange right and (iii) Transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares; in each case, whether voluntary or involuntary, whether owned of record, Constructively Owned or Beneficially Owned and whether by operation of law or otherwise. The terms “Transferring” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.
Triggering Event . The term “Triggering Event” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 5.4.3(a) herein.
2%/25% Guidelines . The term “2%/25% Guidelines” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 8.10 herein.
Unimproved Real Property . The term “Unimproved Real Property” shall mean Property in which the Corporation has an equity interest that was not acquired for the purpose of producing rental or other operating income, that has no development or construction in process and for which no development or construction is planned, in good faith, to commence within one year.
ARTICLE V
STOCK
Section 5.1 Authorized Shares . The Corporation has authority to issue 1,000,000,000 Shares, consisting of 749,999,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Common Shares”); 250,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Preferred Shares”); and 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share (“Convertible Shares”). The aggregate par value of all authorized Shares having par value is $10,000,000. All Shares shall be fully paid and nonassessable when issued. If Shares of one class are classified or reclassified into Shares of another class pursuant to this Article V, the number of authorized Shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of Shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of Shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of Shares of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of Shares set forth in the first sentence of this paragraph. The Board of Directors, with the approval of a majority of the entire Board and without any action by the Stockholders, may amend the Charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of Shares or the number of Shares of any class or series that the Corporation has authority to issue.
Section 5.2 Common Shares .
Section 5.2.1 Common Shares Subject to Terms of Preferred Shares . The Common Shares shall be subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares.
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Section 5.2.2 Description . Subject to the provisions of Article VI and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of Common Shares, each Common Share shall entitle the holder thereof to one vote per share on all matters upon which Stockholders are entitled to vote pursuant to Section 11.2 hereof. The Board may classify or reclassify any unissued Common Shares from time to time in one or more classes or series of Shares; provided, however, that the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.
Section 5.2.3 Rights Upon Liquidation . In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up, or any Distribution of the Assets, the aggregate Assets available for Distribution to holders of the Common Shares shall be determined in accordance with applicable law. Each holder of Common Shares of a particular class shall be entitled to receive, ratably with each other holder of Common Shares of such class, that portion of such aggregate Assets available for Distribution as the number of outstanding Common Shares of such class held by such holder bears to the total number of outstanding Common Shares of such class then outstanding.
Section 5.2.4 Voting Rights . Except as may be provided otherwise in the Charter, and subject to the express terms of any series of Preferred Shares, the holders of the Common Shares shall have the exclusive right to vote on all matters (as to which a common stockholder shall be entitled to vote pursuant to applicable law) at all meetings of the Stockholders.
Section 5.3 Preferred Shares . The Board may classify any unissued Preferred Shares and reclassify any previously classified but unissued Preferred Shares of any series from time to time, in one or more classes or series of Shares; provided, however, that the voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.
Section 5.4 Convertible Shares .
Section 5.4.1 Distribution Rights . The holders of any outstanding Convertible Shares shall not be entitled to receive dividends or other Distributions on the Convertible Shares.
Section 5.4.2 Voting Rights .
(a) Except for the voting rights expressly conferred by Section 5.4.2(b) hereof, the holders of the outstanding Convertible Shares shall not be entitled to (1) vote on any matter, or (2) receive notice of, or to participate in, any meeting of Stockholders at which they are not entitled to vote.
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(b) The affirmative vote of the holders of more than two-thirds of the outstanding Convertible Shares, voting together as a single class for such purposes with each share entitled to one vote, shall be required to (1) adopt any amendment, alteration or repeal of any provision of the Charter that materially and adversely changes the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other Distributions, qualifications or terms and conditions of redemption of the Convertible Shares (it being understood that an increase in the number of Directors is not a material and adverse change) and (2) effect or validate a consolidation with or merger of the Corporation into another entity, or a consolidation with or merger of another entity into the Corporation, unless in each such case each Convertible Share (A) shall remain outstanding without a material and adverse change to its terms and rights or (B) shall be converted into or exchanged for shares of stock or other ownership interest of the surviving entity having preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption thereof identical to that of a Convertible Share (except for changes that do not materially and adversely affect the holders of the Convertible Share); provided, however, that this vote shall be in addition to any other vote or consent of Stockholders required by law or by the Charter.
Section 5.4.3 Conversion .
As used in this Section 5.4.3, the following term shall have the following meanings unless the context otherwise requires: “Listing” means the effective date of the Form 8-A (or any successor form) filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register the Common Shares on a national securities exchange and the commencement of trading of the Common Shares on the relevant national securities exchange. Upon such Listing, the Common Shares shall be deemed Listed. A Listing shall also be deemed to occur on the effective date of a merger in which the consideration received by the holders of Common Shares is cash and/or securities of another issuer that are listed on a national securities exchange.
(a) Each outstanding Convertible Share shall become convertible into a number of Common Shares as and at the time set forth in paragraph (b) of this Section 5.4.3, automatically and without any further action required, upon the occurrence of the first to occur of any of the following events (the “Triggering Event”): (A) the date when the Corporation shall have paid total Distributions in an amount equal to or in excess of the sum of Invested Capital and the Stockholders’ 8% Return; or (B) a Listing.
(b) If the Triggering Event occurs prior to an Advisory Agreement Termination, each Convertible Share shall be converted into a number of Common Shares equal to 1/1000 of the quotient of (I) the Conversion Product divided by (II) the quotient of the Enterprise Value divided by the number of outstanding Common Shares on the date of the Triggering Event. The conversion, in the case of conversion upon Listing, shall occur once the Board has determined the Enterprise Value. If the Triggering Event occurs after an Advisory Agreement Termination, then each Convertible Share shall be converted into that number of Common Shares as set forth above multiplied by the Prorated Term.
(c) An “Advisory Agreement Termination” shall mean a termination or expiration without renewal (except to the extent of a termination or expiration with the Corporation followed by the adoption of the same or substantially similar Advisory Agreement with a
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successor, whether by merger, consolidation, sale of all or substantially all of the Assets, or otherwise) of the Corporation’s Advisory Agreement with Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC for any reason except for a termination or expiration without renewal due to a material breach by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC of the Advisory Agreement.
(d) If, in the good faith judgment of the Board, full conversion of the Convertible Shares would cause (i) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, (ii) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit, or (iii) an Excepted Holder to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder, then only such number of Convertible Shares (or fraction thereof) shall be converted into Common Shares such that (i) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) would not Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, (ii) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) would not Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit, or (iii) an Excepted Holder would not Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder. Each remaining Convertible Share shall convert as provided herein when the Board of Directors determines that conversion of the Convertible Share would not cause (i) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, (ii) a Stockholder (other than an Excepted Holder) to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit, or (iii) an Excepted Holder to Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder. The Board of Directors shall consider whether it can make this determination at least once per quarter following a Triggering Event.
(e) As promptly as practicable after a Triggering Event, the Corporation shall issue and deliver to each holder of Convertible Shares a certificate or certificates representing the number of Common Shares into which his, her or its Convertible Shares were converted (or shall cause the issuance of the Common Shares to be reflected in the Corporation’s stock ledger, if the Common Shares are uncertificated). The person in whose name the Common Shares are issued shall be deemed to have become a Stockholder of record on the date of conversion.
(f) The issuance of Common Shares on conversion of outstanding Convertible Shares shall be made by the Corporation without charge for expenses or for any tax in respect of the issuance of the Common Shares.
(g) In the event of any reclassification or recapitalization of the outstanding Common Shares (except a change in par value, or from no par value to par value, or subdivision or other split or combination of Shares), or in case of any consolidation or merger to which the Corporation is a party, except a merger in which the Corporation is the surviving corporation and which does not result in any reclassification or recapitalization, the Corporation or the successor or purchasing business entity shall provide that the holder of each Convertible Share then outstanding shall thereafter
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continue to have the right, with as nearly the same economic rights and effects as possible, to convert, upon a Triggering Event, the Convertible Shares into the kind and amount of stock and other securities and property received by holders of the Common Shares of the Corporation in connection with the reclassification, recapitalization, consolidation or merger. The provisions of this paragraph (g) of this Section 5.4.3 shall similarly apply to successive reclassifications, recapitalizations, consolidations or mergers.
(h) Common Shares issued on conversion of Convertible Shares shall be issued as fully paid Shares and shall be nonassessable by the Corporation. The Corporation shall, at all times, reserve and keep available, for the purpose of effecting the conversion of the outstanding Convertible Shares, the number of its duly authorized Common Shares as shall be sufficient to effect the conversion of all of the outstanding Convertible Shares.
(i) Convertible Shares converted as provided herein shall become authorized but unissued Common Shares.
Section 5.5 Classified or Reclassified Shares . Prior to issuance of classified or reclassified Shares of any class or series, the Board by resolution shall: (a) designate that class or series to distinguish it from all other classes and series of Shares; (b) specify the number of Shares to be included in the class or series; (c) set or change, subject to the provisions of Article VI and subject to the express terms of any class or series of Shares outstanding at the time, the preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other Distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series; and (d) cause the Corporation to file articles supplementary with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland (“SDAT”). Any of the terms of any class or series of Shares set or changed pursuant to clause (c) of this Section 5.5 may be made dependent upon facts or events ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board or other facts or events within the control of the Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of Shares is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary or other charter document.
Section 5.6 Dividends and Distributions . The Board of Directors may from time to time authorize the Corporation to declare and pay to Stockholders such dividends or Distributions, in cash or other assets of the Corporation or in securities of the Corporation or from any other source as the Board of Directors in its discretion shall determine. The Board of Directors shall endeavor to authorize the Corporation to declare and pay such dividends and Distributions as shall be necessary for the Corporation to qualify as a REIT under the Code; however, Stockholders shall have no right to any dividend or Distribution unless and until authorized by the Board and declared by the Corporation. The exercise of the powers and rights of the Board of Directors pursuant to this Section 5.6 shall be subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares at the time outstanding. The receipt by any Person in whose name any Shares are registered on
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the records of the Corporation or by his or her duly authorized agent shall be a sufficient discharge for all dividends or Distributions payable or deliverable in respect of such Shares and from all liability to see to the application thereof. Distributions in kind shall not be permitted, except for distributions of readily marketable securities, distributions of beneficial interests in a liquidating trust established for the dissolution of the Corporation and the liquidation of its assets in accordance with the terms of the Charter or distributions in which (a) the Board advises each Stockholder of the risks associated with direct ownership of the property, (b) the Board offers each Stockholder the election of receiving such in-kind distributions, and (c) in-kind distributions are made only to those Stockholders that accept such offer.
Section 5.7 Charter and Bylaws . The rights of all Stockholders and the terms of all Shares are subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws.
Section 5.8 No Issuance of Share Certificates . Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall not issue stock certificates. A Stockholder’s investment shall be recorded on the books of the Corporation. To transfer his or her Shares, a Stockholder shall submit an executed form to the Corporation, which form shall be provided by the Corporation upon request. Such transfer will also be recorded on the books of the Corporation. Upon issuance or transfer of Shares, the Corporation will provide the Stockholder with information concerning his or her rights with regard to such Shares, as required by the Bylaws and the MGCL or other applicable law.
Section 5.9 Suitability of Stockholders . Upon the Commencement of the Initial Public Offering and until Listing, the following provisions shall apply:
Section 5.9.1 Investor Suitability Standards . Subject to suitability standards established by individual states, to become a Stockholder, if such prospective Stockholder is an individual (including an individual beneficiary of a purchasing Individual Retirement Account), or if the prospective Stockholder is a fiduciary (such as a trustee of a trust or corporate pension or profit sharing plan, or other tax-exempt organization, or a custodian under a Uniform Gifts to Minors Act), such individual or fiduciary, as the case may be, must represent to the Corporation, among other requirements as the Corporation may require from time to time:
(a) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a minimum annual gross income of $70,000 and a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $70,000; or
(b) that such individual (or, in the case of a fiduciary, that the fiduciary account or the donor who directly or indirectly supplies the funds to purchase the Shares) has a net worth (excluding home, furnishings and automobiles) of not less than $250,000.
Section 5.9.2 Determination of Suitability of Sale . The Sponsor and each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall make every reasonable effort to determine that the purchase of Common Shares by a Stockholder is a suitable and appropriate investment for such Stockholder. In making this determination, each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the
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Corporation shall ascertain that the prospective Stockholder: (a) meets the minimum income and net worth standards established for the Corporation; (b) can reasonably benefit from the Corporation based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall investment objectives and portfolio structure; (c) is able to bear the economic risk of the investment based on the prospective Stockholder’s overall financial situation; and (d) has apparent understanding of (i) the fundamental risks of the investment; (ii) the risk that the Stockholder may lose the entire investment; (iii) the lack of liquidity of the Common Shares; (iv) the restrictions on transferability of the Common Shares; and (v) the tax consequences of the investment.
Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall make this determination on the basis of information it has obtained from a prospective Stockholder. Relevant information for this purpose will include at least the age, investment objectives, investment experiences, income, net worth, financial situation, and other investments of the prospective Stockholder, as well as any other pertinent factors.
Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall maintain records of the information used to determine that an investment in Common Shares is suitable and appropriate for a Stockholder. Each Person selling Common Shares on behalf of the Corporation shall maintain these records for at least six years.
Section 5.9.3 Minimum Investment and Transfer . Subject to certain individual state requirements and the issuance of Common Shares under the Reinvestment Plan, no initial sale or transfer of Common Shares will be permitted of less than $2,500.
Section 5.10 Repurchase of Shares . The Board may establish, from time to time, a program or programs by which the Corporation voluntarily repurchases Shares from its Stockholders; provided, however, that such repurchase does not impair the capital or operations of the Corporation. The Sponsor, Advisor, members of the Board or any Affiliates thereof may not receive any fees arising out of the repurchase of Shares by the Corporation.
Section 5.11 Distribution Reinvestment Plans . The Board may establish, from time to time, a Distribution reinvestment plan or plans (each, a “Reinvestment Plan”). Under any such Reinvestment Plan, (a) all material information regarding Distributions to the Stockholders and the effect of reinvesting such Distributions, including the tax consequences thereof, shall be provided to the Stockholders not less often than annually, and (b) each Stockholder participating in such Reinvestment Plan shall have a reasonable opportunity to withdraw from the Reinvestment Plan not less often than annually after receipt of the information required in clause (a) above.
Section 5.12. Actions Required if Common Shares Not Listed . The Corporation shall consider Listing its Common Shares on or before the sixth anniversary of the date on which the Offering Stage is completed. In the event that the process of Listing or the orderly liquidation and Sale of the Corporation’s Assets has not begun before the sixth anniversary of the date on which the Offering Stage is completed, then the Board must adopt a resolution that declares a proposed liquidation is advisable on substantially the terms and conditions set forth in the resolution and direct that the proposed liquidation be submitted for consideration at either an annual or special meeting of the Stockholders; provided, however, that such Board action may be postponed if a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, determines that a liquidation is not then in the best interest of the Stockholders. If the Board makes such a determination, a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, shall revisit the issue of liquidation at least annually and further postponement of Board action to recommend proposed liquidation of the Corporation to the Stockholders would only be permitted if a majority of the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, determines that a liquidation would not then be in the best interest of the Stockholders.
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ARTICLE VI
RESTRICTION ON TRANSFER AND OWNERSHIP OF SHARES
Section 6.1 Shares .
Section 6.1.1 Ownership Limitations . During the period commencing on the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date, but subject to Section 6.3:
(a) Basic Restrictions .
(i) (1) No Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, (2) no Person, other than an Excepted Holder, shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of the Common Share Ownership Limit and (3) no Excepted Holder shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares in excess of the Excepted Holder Limit for such Excepted Holder.
(ii) No Person shall Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares to the extent that such Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code (without regard to whether the ownership interest is held during the last half of a taxable year), or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT (including, but not limited to, Beneficial or Constructive Ownership that would result in the Corporation owning (actually or Constructively) an interest in a tenant that is described in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code if the income derived by the Corporation from such tenant would cause the Corporation to fail to satisfy any of the gross income requirements of Section 856(c) of the Code).
(iii) Any Transfer of Shares that, if effective, would result in Shares being beneficially owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.
(b) Transfer in Trust . If any Transfer of Shares occurs which, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii),
(i) then that number of Shares the Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of which otherwise would cause such Person to violate Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii) (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall be automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary, as described in Section 6.2, effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the date of such Transfer, and such Person shall acquire no rights in such Shares; or
(ii) if the Transfer to the Charitable Trust described in clause (i) of this sentence would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation of Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii), then the Transfer of that number of Shares that otherwise would cause any Person to violate Section 6.1.1(a)(i) or (ii) shall be void ab initio , and the intended transferee shall acquire no rights in such Shares.
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Section 6.1.2 Remedies for Breach. If the Board of Directors or its designee (including any duly authorized committee of the Board) shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer or other event has taken place that results in a violation of Section 6.1.1 or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of any Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1 (whether or not such violation is intended), the Board of Directors or its designee shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer or other event, including, without limitation, causing the Corporation to redeem Shares, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer or other event; provided, however, that any Transfers or attempted Transfers or other events in violation of Section 6.1.1 shall automatically result in the Transfer to the Charitable Trust described above, and, where applicable, such Transfer (or other event) shall be void ab initio as provided above irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors or its designee.
Section 6.1.3 Notice of Restricted Transfer . Any Person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of Shares that will or may violate Section 6.1.1(a), or any Person who would have owned Shares that resulted in a Transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to the provisions of Section 6.1.1(b), shall immediately give written notice to the Corporation of such event, or in the case of such a proposed or attempted transaction, give at least 15 days prior written notice, and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
Section 6.1.4 Owners Required To Provide Information . From the Initial Date and prior to the Restriction Termination Date:
(a) every owner of more than five percent (or such lower percentage as required by the Code or the Treasury Regulations promulgated thereunder) of the outstanding Shares, within 30 days after the end of each taxable year, shall give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such owner, the number of Shares and other Shares Beneficially Owned and a description of the manner in which such Shares are held. Each such owner shall provide to the Corporation such additional information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to ensure compliance with the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, the Common Share Ownership Limit and the other restrictions set forth herein; and
(b) each Person who is a Beneficial or Constructive Owner of Shares and each Person (including the Stockholder of record) who is holding Shares for a Beneficial or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation such information as the Corporation may request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT and to comply with requirements of any taxing authority or governmental authority or to determine such compliance.
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Section 6.1.5 Remedies Not Limited . Subject to Section 7.10 of the Charter, nothing contained in this Section 6.1 shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its Stockholders in preserving the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
Section 6.1.6 Ambiguity . In the case of an ambiguity in the application of any of the provisions of this Section 6.1, Section 6.2 or any definition contained in Article IV, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Section 6.1 or Section 6.2 with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it. In the event Section 6.1 or 6.2 requires an action by the Board of Directors and the Charter fails to provide specific guidance with respect to such action, the Board of Directors shall have the power to determine the action to be taken so long as such action is not contrary to the provisions of Article IV or Sections 6.1 or 6.2. Absent a decision to the contrary by the Board of Directors (which the Board may make in its sole and absolute discretion), if a Person would have (but for the remedies set forth in Section 6.1.2) acquired Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of Shares in violation of Section 6.1.1, such remedies (as applicable) shall apply first to the Shares which, but for such remedies, would have been Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (but not actually owned) by such Person, pro rata among the Persons who actually own such Shares based upon the relative number of the Shares held by each such Person.
Section 6.1.7 Exceptions .
(a) Subject to Section 6.1.1(a)(ii), the Board of Directors, in its sole discretion, may exempt (prospectively or retroactively) a Person from the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and the Common Share Ownership Limit, as the case may be, and may establish or increase an Excepted Holder Limit for such Person if:
(i) the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain that no individual’s Beneficial or Constructive Ownership of such Shares will violate Section 6.1.1(a)(ii);
(ii) such Person does not and represents that it will not own, actually or Constructively, an interest in a tenant of the Corporation (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) that would cause the Corporation to own, actually or Constructively, more than a 9.8% interest (as set forth in Section 856(d)(2)(B) of the Code) in such tenant and the Board of Directors obtains such representations and undertakings from such Person as are reasonably necessary to ascertain this fact (for this purpose, a tenant from whom the Corporation (or an entity owned or controlled by the Corporation) derives (and is expected to continue to derive) a sufficiently small amount of revenue such that, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, rent from such tenant would not adversely affect the Corporation’s ability to qualify as a REIT, shall not be treated as a tenant of the Corporation); and
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(iii) such Person agrees that any violation or attempted violation of such representations or undertakings (or other action which is contrary to the restrictions contained in Sections 6.1.1 through 6.1.6) will result in such Shares being automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust in accordance with Sections 6.1.1(b) and 6.2.
(b) Prior to granting any exception pursuant to Section 6.1.7(a), the Board of Directors may require a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service, or an opinion of counsel, in either case in form and substance satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole discretion, as it may deem necessary or advisable in order to determine or ensure the Corporation’s status as a REIT. Notwithstanding the receipt of any ruling or opinion, the Board of Directors may impose such conditions or restrictions as it deems appropriate in connection with granting such exception.
(c) Subject to Section 6.1.1(a)(ii), an underwriter which participates in a public offering or a private placement of Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Shares (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Shares) in excess of the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, the Common Share Ownership Limit or both such limits, but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such public offering or private placement.
(d) The Board of Directors may only reduce the Excepted Holder Limit for an Excepted Holder: (i) with the written consent of such Excepted Holder at any time, or (ii) pursuant to the terms and conditions of the agreements and undertakings entered into with such Excepted Holder in connection with the establishment of the Excepted Holder Limit for that Excepted Holder. No Excepted Holder Limit shall be reduced to a percentage that is less than the Common Share Ownership Limit.
Section 6.1.8 Increase in Aggregate Share Ownership and Common Share Ownership Limits . Subject to Section 6.1.2(a)(ii), the Board of Directors may from time to time increase the Common Share Ownership Limit and the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for one or more Persons and decrease the Common Share Ownership Limit and the Aggregate Share Ownership Limit for all other Persons; provided, however, that the decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit will not be effective for any Person whose percentage ownership in Shares is in excess of such decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit until such time as such Person’s percentage of Shares equals or falls below the decreased Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit, but any further acquisition of Shares in excess of such percentage ownership of Shares will be in violation of the Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit and, provided further, that the new Common Share Ownership Limit and/or Aggregate Share Ownership Limit would not allow five or fewer Persons to Beneficially Own more than 49.9% in value of the outstanding Shares.
Section 6.1.9 Legend. Any certificate representing Shares shall bear substantially the following legend:
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The Shares represented by this certificate are subject to restrictions on Beneficial and Constructive Ownership and Transfer for the purpose, among others, of the Corporation’s maintenance of its status as a real estate investment trust (a “REIT”) under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Subject to certain further restrictions and except as expressly provided in the Corporation’s charter, (i) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Common Shares in excess of 9.8% (in value or number of Shares) of the outstanding Common Shares unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (ii) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares in excess of 9.8% of the value of the total outstanding Shares, unless such Person is an Excepted Holder (in which case the Excepted Holder Limit shall be applicable); (iii) no Person may Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares that would result in the Corporation being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT; and (iv) no Person may Transfer Shares if such Transfer would result in Shares being owned by fewer than 100 Persons. Any Person who Beneficially or Constructively Owns or attempts to Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares which cause or will cause a Person to Beneficially or Constructively Own Shares in excess or in violation of the above limitations must immediately notify the Corporation. If any of the restrictions on Transfer or ownership are violated, the Shares represented hereby will be automatically Transferred to a Charitable Trust for the benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. In addition, the Corporation may redeem Shares upon the terms and conditions specified by the Board of Directors in its sole discretion if the Board of Directors determines that ownership or a Transfer or other event may violate the restrictions described above. Furthermore, upon the occurrence of certain events, attempted Transfers in violation of the restrictions described above may be void ab initio . All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Corporation’s charter, as the same may be amended from time to time, a copy of which, including the restrictions on Transfer and ownership, will be furnished to each holder of Shares on request and without charge. Requests for such a copy may be directed to the Secretary of the Corporation at its principal office.
Instead of the foregoing legend, the certificate may state that the Corporation will furnish a full statement about certain restrictions on transferability to a Stockholder on request and without charge. In the case of uncertificated Shares, the Corporation will send the holder of such Shares, on request and without charge, a written statement of the information otherwise required on certificates.
Section 6.2 Transfer of Shares in Trust .
Section 6.2.1 Ownership in Trust . Upon any purported Transfer or other event described in Section 6.1.1(b) that would result in a Transfer of Shares to a Charitable Trust, such Shares shall be deemed to have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee as trustee of a Charitable Trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more Charitable Beneficiaries. Such Transfer to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the Business Day prior to the purported Transfer or other event that results in the Transfer to the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 6.1.1(b). The
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Charitable Trustee shall be appointed by the Corporation and shall be a Person unaffiliated with the Corporation and any Prohibited Owner. Each Charitable Beneficiary shall be designated by the Corporation as provided in Section 6.2.6.
Section 6.2.2 Status of Shares Held by the Charitable Trustee . Shares held by the Charitable Trustee shall continue to be issued and outstanding Shares of the Corporation. The Prohibited Owner shall have no rights in the Shares held by the Charitable Trustee. The Prohibited Owner shall not benefit economically from ownership of any Shares held in trust by the Charitable Trustee, shall have no rights to dividends or other Distributions and shall not possess any rights to vote or other rights attributable to the Shares held in the Charitable Trust.
Section 6.2.3 Dividend and Voting Rights . The Charitable Trustee shall have all voting rights and rights to dividends or other Distributions with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust, which rights shall be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. Any dividend or other Distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be paid with respect to such Shares to the Charitable Trustee upon demand and any dividend or other Distribution authorized but unpaid shall be paid when due to the Charitable Trustee. Any dividends or Distributions so paid over to the Charitable Trustee shall be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary. The Prohibited Owner shall have no voting rights with respect to Shares held in the Charitable Trust and, subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee, the Charitable Trustee shall have the authority (at the Charitable Trustee’s sole discretion) (a) to rescind as void any vote cast by a Prohibited Owner prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee and (b) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the Charitable Trustee acting for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary; provided, however, that if the Corporation has already taken irreversible corporate action, then the Charitable Trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article VI, until the Corporation has received notification that Shares have been Transferred into a Charitable Trust, the Corporation shall be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other Stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of Stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of Stockholders.
Section 6.2.4 Sale of Shares by Charitable Trustee . Within 20 days of receiving notice from the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trust, the Charitable Trustee shall sell the Shares held in the Charitable Trust to a person, designated by the Charitable Trustee, whose ownership of the Shares will not violate the ownership limitations set forth in Section 6.1.1(a). Upon such sale, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner and to the Charitable Beneficiary as provided in this Section 6.2.4. The Prohibited Owner shall receive the lesser of (a) the price paid by the Prohibited Owner for the Shares or, if the Prohibited Owner did not give value for the Shares in connection with the event causing the Shares
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to be held in the Charitable Trust ( e.g. , in the case of a gift, devise or other such transaction), the Market Price of the Shares on the day of the event causing the Shares to be held in the Charitable Trust and (b) the price per share received by the Charitable Trustee (net of any commissions and other expenses of sale) from the sale or other disposition of the Shares held in the Charitable Trust. The Charitable Trustee may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and Distributions which have been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Charitable Trustee pursuant to Section 6.2.3 of this Article VI. Any net sales proceeds in excess of the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner shall be immediately paid to the Charitable Beneficiary. If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that Shares have been Transferred to the Charitable Trustee, such Shares are sold by a Prohibited Owner, then (i) such Shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Charitable Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Prohibited Owner received an amount for such Shares that exceeds the amount that such Prohibited Owner was entitled to receive pursuant to this Section 6.2.4, such excess shall be paid to the Charitable Trustee upon demand.
Section 6.2.5 Purchase Right in Shares Transferred to the Charitable Trustee . Shares Transferred to the Charitable Trustee shall be deemed to have been offered for sale to the Corporation, or its designee, at a price per Share equal to the lesser of (a) the price per Share in the transaction that resulted in such Transfer to the Charitable Trust (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (b) the Market Price on the date the Corporation, or its designee, accepts such offer. The Corporation may reduce the amount payable to the Prohibited Owner by the amount of dividends and distributions which has been paid to the Prohibited Owner and are owed by the Prohibited Owner to the Charitable Trustee pursuant to Section 6.2.3 of this Article VI. The Corporation may pay the amount of such reduction to the Charitable Trustee for the benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary. The Corporation shall have the right to accept such offer until the Charitable Trustee has sold the Shares held in the Charitable Trust pursuant to Section 6.2.4. Upon such a sale to the Corporation, the interest of the Charitable Beneficiary in the Shares sold shall terminate and the Charitable Trustee shall distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the Prohibited Owner.
Section 6.2.6 Designation of Charitable Beneficiaries . By written notice to the Charitable Trustee, the Corporation shall designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Charitable Trust such that (a) Shares held in the Charitable Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 6.1.1(a) in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (b) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
Section 6.3 NYSE Transactions . Nothing in this Article VI shall preclude the settlement of any transaction entered into through the facilities of the NYSE or any other national securities exchange or automated inter-dealer quotation system. The fact that the settlement of any transaction occurs shall not negate the effect of any other provision of
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this Article VI and any transferee in such a transaction shall be subject to all of the provisions and limitations set forth in this Article VI.
Section 6.4 Enforcement. The Corporation is authorized specifically to seek equitable relief, including injunctive relief, to enforce the provisions of this Article VI.
Section 6.5 Non-Waiver. No delay or failure on the part of the Corporation or the Board of Directors in exercising any right hereunder shall operate as a waiver of any right of the Corporation or the Board of Directors, as the case may be, except to the extent specifically waived in writing.
ARTICLE VII
PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING AND REGULATING CERTAIN POWERS OF THE
CORPORATION AND OF THE STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS
Section 7.1 Number of Directors. The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of the Board of Directors. The number of Directors of the Corporation (the “Directors”) shall be five, which number may be increased or decreased from time to time pursuant to the Bylaws; provided, however, that, upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, the total number of Directors shall not be fewer than three. Upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, a majority of the Board will be Independent Directors except for a period of up to 60 days after the death, removal or resignation of an Independent Director pending the election of such Independent Director’s successor. The names of the Directors who shall serve until the first annual meeting of Stockholders and until their successors are duly elected and qualify are:
R. Ramin Kamfar
James G. Babb, III
Brian D. Bailey
I. Bobby Majumder
Romano Tio
These Directors may increase the number of Directors and fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of Directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors prior to the first annual meeting of Stockholders in the manner provided in the Bylaws.
The Corporation elects, at such time as it becomes eligible to make the election provided for under Section 3-804(c) of the MGCL, that, except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of Preferred Shares, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining Directors in office, even if the remaining Directors do not constitute a quorum, and any Director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred.
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Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, Independent Directors shall nominate replacements for vacancies among the Independent Directors’ positions.
Section 7.2 Experience . Each Director, other than Independent Directors, shall have at least three years of relevant experience demonstrating the knowledge and experience required to successfully acquire and manage the type of assets being acquired by the Corporation. At least one of the Independent Directors shall have three years of relevant real estate experience.
Section 7.3 Committees . The Board may establish such committees as it deems appropriate, in its discretion, provided that the majority of the members of each committee are Independent Directors.
Section 7.4 Term . Except as may otherwise be provided in the terms of any Preferred Shares issued by the Corporation, each Director shall hold office for one year, until the next annual meeting of Stockholders and until his or her successor is duly elected and qualifies. Directors may be elected to an unlimited number of successive terms.
Section 7.5 Fiduciary Obligations . The Directors serve in a fiduciary capacity to the Corporation and have a fiduciary duty to the Stockholders, including, with respect to the Directors, a specific fiduciary duty to supervise the relationship of the Corporation with the Advisor.
Section 7.6 Extraordinary Actions . Notwithstanding any provision of law permitting or requiring any action to be taken or approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of Shares entitled to cast a greater number of votes, any such action shall be effective and valid if declared advisable by the Board of Directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of holders of Shares entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
Section 7.7 Authorization by Board of Stock Issuance . The Board of Directors may authorize the issuance from time to time of Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities or rights convertible into Shares of any class or series, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable (or without consideration in the case of a stock split or stock dividend), subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws. The issuance of Preferred Shares shall also be approved by a majority of Independent Directors not otherwise interested in the transaction, who shall have access at the Corporation’s expense to the Corporation’s legal counsel or to independent legal counsel.
Section 7.8 Preemptive Rights and Appraisal Rights . Except as may be provided by the Board of Directors in setting the terms of classified or reclassified Shares pursuant to Section 5.5 or as may otherwise be provided by contract approved by the Board of Directors, no holder of Shares shall, as such holder, have any preemptive right
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to purchase or subscribe for any additional Shares or any other Security which the Corporation may issue or sell. Holders of Shares shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the MGCL or any successor statute unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of Shares, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such Shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.
Section 7.9 Determinations by Board . The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the Charter, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of Shares: the amount of the Net Income for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of Shares or the payment of other Distributions on Shares; the amount of paid-in surplus, Net Assets, other surplus, annual or other cash flow, funds from operations, net profit, Net Assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges shall have been created shall have been paid or discharged); any interpretation of the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers or rights, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or Distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of any class or series of Shares; the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any Asset owned or held by the Corporation or any Shares; the number of Shares of any class of the Corporation; any matter relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any Assets by the Corporation; any conflict between the MGCL and the provisions set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines; or any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation or required or permitted by applicable law, the Charter or Bylaws or otherwise to be determined by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that any determination by the Board of Directors as to any of the preceding matters shall not render invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such determination and no Director shall be liable for making or failing to make such a determination; and provided, further, that to the extent the Board determines that the MGCL conflicts with the provisions set forth in the NASAA REIT Guidelines, the NASAA REIT Guidelines control to the extent any provisions of the MGCL are not mandatory.
Section 7.10 REIT Qualification . If the Corporation elects to qualify for federal income tax treatment as a REIT, the Board of Directors shall use its reasonable best efforts to take such actions as are necessary or appropriate to preserve the status of the Corporation as a REIT; however, if the Board of Directors determines that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to be qualified as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code. The Board of Directors also may determine that compliance
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with any restriction or limitation on stock ownership and Transfers set forth in Article VI is no longer required for REIT qualification.
Section 7.11 Removal of Directors . Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Preferred Shares to elect or remove one or more Directors, any Director, or the entire Board of Directors, may be removed from office at any time, but only by the affirmative vote of at least a majority of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of Directors.
Section 7.12 Board Action with Respect to Certain Matters . A majority of the Independent Directors must approve any Board action to which the following sections of the NASAA REIT Guidelines apply: II.A., II.C., II.F., II.G., IV.A., IV.B., IV.C., IV.D., IV.E., IV.F., IV.G., V.E., V.H., V.J., VI.A., VI.B.4, and VI.G.
ARTICLE VIII
ADVISOR
Section 8.1 Appointment and Initial Investment of Advisor . The Board is responsible for setting the general policies of the Corporation and for the general supervision of its business conducted by officers, agents, employees, advisors or independent contractors of the Corporation. However, the Board is not required personally to conduct the business of the Corporation, and it may (but need not) appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including a Person Affiliated with any Director) as an Advisor and may grant or delegate such authority to the Advisor as the Board may, in its sole discretion, deem necessary or desirable. The term of retention of any Advisor shall not exceed one year, although there is no limit to the number of times that a particular Advisor may be retained. The Advisor or its Affiliates have made an initial investment of $1,000 in the Corporation. In addition, the Advisor or its Affiliates have made an initial investment of $200,000 in the Operating Partnership. The Advisor or any such Affiliate may not sell this initial investment in the Operating Partnership while the Advisor remains a Sponsor but may transfer the initial investment to other Affiliates.
Section 8.2 Supervision of Advisor . The Board shall review and evaluate the qualifications of the Advisor before entering into, and shall evaluate the performance of the Advisor before renewing, an Advisory Agreement, and the criteria used in such evaluation shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Board may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Advisor to administer and regulate the operations of the Corporation, to act as agent for the Corporation, to execute documents on behalf of the Corporation and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and principles established by the Board. The Board shall monitor the Advisor to assure that the administrative procedures, operations and programs of the Corporation are in the best interests of the Stockholders and are fulfilled. The Independent Directors are responsible for reviewing the fees and expenses of the Corporation at least annually or with sufficient frequency to determine that the expenses incurred are reasonable in light of the investment performance of the Corporation, its Net Assets, its Net Income and the fees and expenses of other comparable unaffiliated REITs. Each such determination shall
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be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. The Independent Directors also will be responsible for reviewing, from time to time and at least annually, the performance of the Advisor and determining that compensation to be paid to the Advisor is reasonable in relation to the nature and quality of services performed and that such compensation is within the limits prescribed by the Charter. The Independent Directors shall also supervise the performance of the Advisor and the compensation paid to the Advisor by the Corporation in order to determine that the provisions of the Advisory Agreement are being carried out. Specifically, the Independent Directors will consider factors such as (a) the amount of the fee paid to the Advisor in relation to the size, composition and performance of the Assets, (b) the success of the Advisor in generating opportunities that meet the investment objectives of the Corporation, (c) rates charged to other REITs and to investors other than REITs by advisors performing the same or similar services, (d) additional revenues realized by the Advisor and its Affiliates through their relationship with the Corporation, including loan administration, underwriting or broker commissions, servicing, engineering, inspection and other fees, whether paid by the Corporation or by others with whom the Corporation does business, (e) the quality and extent of service and advice furnished by the Advisor, (f) the performance of the Assets, including income, conservation or appreciation of capital, frequency of problem investments and competence in dealing with distress situations, and (g) the quality of the Assets relative to the investments generated by the Advisor for its own account. The Independent Directors may also consider all other factors that they deem relevant, and the findings of the Independent Directors on each of the factors considered shall be recorded in the minutes of the Board. The Board shall determine whether any successor Advisor possesses sufficient qualifications to perform the advisory function for the Corporation and whether the compensation provided for in its contract with the Corporation is justified.
Section 8.3 Fiduciary Obligations . The Advisor shall have a fiduciary responsibility and duty to the Corporation and to the Stockholders.
Section 8.4 Affiliation and Functions . The Board, by resolution or in the Bylaws, may provide guidelines, provisions or requirements concerning the affiliation and functions of the Advisor.
Section 8.5 Termination . Either a majority of the Independent Directors or the Advisor may terminate the Advisory Agreement on 60 days’ written notice without cause or penalty, and, in such event, the Advisor will cooperate with the Corporation and the Board in making an orderly transition of the advisory function.
Section 8.6 Disposition Fee on Sale of Property . Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may pay the Advisor a real estate commission upon Sale of one or more Assets (except for Securities traded on a national securities exchange), which shall be reasonable and shall not exceed the lesser of (a) one-half of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or (b) three percent of the sales price of such Asset or Assets. Payment of such fee may be made only if the Advisor provides a substantial amount of services in connection with the Sale of an Asset or Assets, as determined by a majority of the Independent Directors. In
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addition, the amount paid when added to all other real estate commissions paid to unaffiliated parties in connection with such Sale shall not exceed the lesser of the Competitive Real Estate Commission or an amount equal to six percent of the sales price of such Asset or Assets.
Section 8.7 Incentive Fees . Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may pay the Advisor an interest in the gain from the Sale of Assets, for which full consideration is not paid in cash or property of equivalent value, provided the amount or percentage of such interest is reasonable. Such an interest in gain from the Sale of Assets shall be considered presumptively reasonable if it does not exceed 15% of the balance of such net proceeds remaining after payment to holders of Common Shares, in the aggregate, of an amount equal to 100% of the Invested Capital, plus an amount equal to not less than six percent of the Invested Capital per annum cumulative. In the case of multiple Advisors, such Advisor and any of their Affiliates shall be allowed such fees provided such fees are distributed by a proportional method reasonably designed to reflect the value added to the Assets by each respective Advisor or any Affiliate.
Section 8.8 Organization and Offering Expenses Limitation . Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation shall reimburse the Advisor and its Affiliates for Organization and Offering Expenses incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates; provided, however, that the total amount of all Organization and Offering Expenses shall be reasonable and shall in no event exceed 15% of the Gross Proceeds of each Offering.
Section 8.9 Acquisition Fees . Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may pay the Advisor and its Affiliates fees for the review and evaluation of potential investments in Assets; provided, however, that the total of all Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses shall be reasonable, and shall not exceed an amount equal to six percent of the Contract Purchase Price, or, in the case of a Mortgage, six percent of the funds advanced; provided, however, that a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction may approve fees and expenses in excess of this limit if they determine the transaction to be commercially competitive, fair and reasonable to the Corporation.
Section 8.10 Reimbursement for Total Operating Expenses . Unless otherwise provided in any resolution adopted by the Board of Directors, the Corporation may reimburse the Advisor, at the end of each fiscal quarter, for Total Operating Expenses incurred by the Advisor; provided, however that the Corporation shall not reimburse the Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter for Total Operating Expenses that, in the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended, exceed the greater of two percent of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income (the “2%/25% Guidelines”) for such year. The Independent Directors shall have the responsibility of limiting Total Operating Expenses to amounts that do not exceed the 2%/25% Guidelines unless they have made a finding that, based on such unusual and non-recurring factors that they deem sufficient, a higher
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level of expenses (an “Excess Amount”) is justified. Within 60 days after the end of any fiscal quarter of the Corporation for which there is an Excess Amount which the Independent Directors conclude was justified and reimbursable to the Advisor, there shall be sent to the holders of Common Shares a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such Excess Amount was justified. Any such finding and the reasons in support thereof shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. In the event that the Independent Directors do not determine that excess expenses are justified, the Advisor shall reimburse the Corporation the amount by which the expenses exceeded the 2%/25% Guidelines.
Section 8.11 Reimbursement Limitation . The Corporation shall not reimburse the Advisor or its Affiliates for services for which the Advisor or its Affiliates are entitled to compensation in the form of a separate fee.
ARTICLE IX
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES AND LIMITATIONS
Section 9.1 Investment Objectives . The Corporation’s primary investment objectives are: (a) to preserve, protect and return the capital invested by the Stockholders; (b) to pay regular cash Distributions; and (c) to realize capital appreciation in the Corporation’s Assets.
Section 9.2 Review of Objectives . The Independent Directors shall review the investment policies of the Corporation with sufficient frequency (and, upon Commencement of the Initial Public Offering, not less often than annually) to determine that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of its Stockholders. Each such determination and the basis therefor shall be set forth in the minutes of the meetings of the Board.
Section 9.3 Certain Permitted Investments . Until such time as the Common Shares are Listed, the following provisions shall apply:
(a) The Corporation may invest in Assets.
(b) The Corporation may invest in Joint Ventures with the Sponsor, Advisor, one or more Directors or any Affiliate, only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction, approve such investment as being fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on substantially the same terms and conditions as those received by the other joint venturers.
(c) Subject to any limitations in Section 9.4, the Corporation may invest in equity securities only if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction approve such investment as being fair, competitive and commercially reasonable.
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Section 9.4 Investment Limitations . Until such time as the Common Shares are Listed, the following investment limitations shall apply. In addition to other investment restrictions imposed by the Board from time to time, consistent with the Corporation’s objective of qualifying as a REIT, the following shall apply to the Corporation’s investments:
(a) Not more than ten percent of the Corporation’s total assets shall be invested in Unimproved Real Property or mortgage loans on Unimproved Real Property.
(b) The Corporation shall not invest in commodities or commodity future contracts. This limitation is not intended to apply to futures contracts, when used solely for hedging purposes in connection with the Corporation’s ordinary business of investing in real estate assets and Mortgages.
(c) The Corporation shall not invest in or make any Mortgage unless an appraisal is obtained concerning the underlying property except for those loans insured or guaranteed by a government or government agency. In cases in which a majority of Independent Directors so determine, and in all cases in which the transaction is with the Advisor, Sponsor, Directors, or any Affiliates thereof, such appraisal of the underlying property must be obtained from an Independent Appraiser. Such appraisal shall be maintained in the Corporation’s records for at least five years and shall be available for inspection and duplication by any holder of Common Shares for a reasonable charge. In addition to the appraisal, a mortgagee’s or owner’s title insurance policy or commitment as to the priority of the Mortgage or condition of the title must be obtained.
(d) The Corporation shall not make or invest in any Mortgage, including a construction loan, on any one property if the aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including the loans of the Corporation, would exceed an amount equal to 85% of the appraised value of the property as determined by appraisal unless substantial justification exists because of the presence of other underwriting criteria. For purposes of this subsection, the “aggregate amount of all mortgage loans outstanding on the property, including the loans of the Corporation” shall include all interest (excluding contingent participation in income and/or appreciation in value of the mortgaged property), the current payment of which may be deferred pursuant to the terms of such loans, to the extent that deferred interest on each loan exceeds five percent per annum of the principal balance of the loan.
(e) The Corporation shall not invest in indebtedness secured by a Mortgage on Real Property which is subordinate to the lien or other indebtedness of the Advisor, any Director, the Sponsor or any Affiliate of the Corporation.
(f) The Corporation shall not issue (i) equity Securities redeemable solely at the option of the holder (except that Stockholders may offer their Common Shares to the Corporation pursuant to any repurchase plan adopted by the Board on terms outlined in the Prospectus relating to any Offering, as such plan is thereafter amended in accordance with its terms); (ii) debt Securities unless the historical debt service coverage (in the most
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recently completed fiscal year) as adjusted for known changes is sufficient to properly service that higher level of debt, as determined by the Board of Directors or a duly authorized officer of the Corporation; (iii) equity Securities on a deferred payment basis or under similar arrangements; or (iv) options or warrants to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof except on the same terms as such options or warrants are sold to the general public. Options or warrants may be issued to persons other than the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof, but not at exercise prices less than the fair market value of the underlying Securities on the date of grant and not for consideration (which may include services) that in the judgment of the Independent Directors has a market value less than the value of such option or warrant on the date of grant. Options or warrants issuable to the Advisor, Directors, Sponsor or any Affiliate thereof shall not exceed ten percent of the outstanding Shares on the date of grant. The voting rights per Share (other than any publicly held Share) sold in a private offering shall not exceed the voting rights which bear the same relationship to the voting rights of a publicly held Share as the consideration paid to the Corporation for each privately offered Share bears to the book value of each outstanding publicly held Share.
(g) A majority of the Directors or of the members of a duly authorized committee of the Board of Directors shall authorize the consideration to be paid for each Asset, ordinarily based on the fair market value of the Asset. If a majority of the Independent Directors on the Board of Directors or such duly authorized committee determine, or if the Asset is acquired from the Advisor, a Director, the Sponsor or their Affiliates, such fair market value shall be determined by a qualified Independent Appraiser selected by such Independent Directors.
(h) The aggregate Leverage shall be reasonable in relation to the Net Assets and shall be reviewed by the Board at least quarterly. The maximum amount of such Leverage in relation to Net Assets shall not exceed 300%. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Leverage may exceed such limit if any excess in borrowing over such level is approved by a majority of the Independent Directors. Any such excess borrowing shall be disclosed to Stockholders in the next quarterly report of the Corporation following such borrowing, along with justification for such excess.
(i) The Corporation will continually review its investment activity to attempt to ensure that it is not classified as an “investment company” under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
(j) The Corporation will not make any investment that the Corporation believes will be inconsistent with its objectives of qualifying and remaining qualified as a REIT unless and until the Board determines, in its sole discretion, that REIT qualification is not in the best interests of the Corporation.
(k) The Corporation shall not invest in real estate contracts of sale unless such contracts of sale are in recordable form and appropriately recorded in the chain of title.
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ARTICLE X
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
Section 10.1 Sales and Leases to Corporation . The Corporation may purchase or lease an Asset or Assets from the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliate thereof upon a finding by a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction that such transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation and at a price to the Corporation no greater than the cost of the Asset to such Sponsor, Advisor, Director or Affiliate, or, if the price to the Corporation is in excess of such cost, that substantial justification for such excess exists and such excess is reasonable. In no event shall the purchase price paid by the Corporation for any such Asset exceed the Asset’s current appraised value.
Section 10.2 Sales and Leases to the Sponsor, Advisor, Directors or Affiliates . An Advisor, Sponsor, Director or Affiliate thereof may purchase or lease Assets from the Corporation if a majority of Directors (including a majority of Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in the transaction determine that the transaction is fair and reasonable to the Corporation.
Section 10.3 Other Transactions .
(a) The Corporation shall not make loans to the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliates thereof except Mortgages pursuant to Section 9.4(c) hereof or loans to wholly owned subsidiaries of the Corporation. The Corporation may not borrow money from the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliates thereof, unless approved by a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction as fair, competitive, and commercially reasonable, and no less favorable to the Corporation than comparable loans between unaffiliated parties under the same circumstances.
(b) The Corporation shall not engage in any other transaction with the Sponsor, the Advisor, a Director or any Affiliates thereof unless a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors) not otherwise interested in such transaction approve such transaction as fair and reasonable to the Corporation and on terms and conditions not less favorable to the Corporation than those available from unaffiliated third parties.
ARTICLE XI
STOCKHOLDERS
Section 11.1 Meetings . There shall be an annual meeting of the Stockholders, to be held on such date and at such time and place as shall be determined by or in the manner prescribed in the Bylaws, at which the Directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be conducted; provided that such annual meeting will be held upon reasonable notice and within a reasonable period (not less than 30 days) following delivery of the annual report. The holders of a majority of Shares entitled to vote who are present in person or by proxy at an annual meeting at which a quorum is
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present, may, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, vote to elect the Directors. A quorum shall be the presence in person or by proxy of Stockholders entitled to cast at least 50% of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting on any matter. Special meetings of Stockholders may be called in the manner provided in the Bylaws, including by the president or the chairman of the board or by a majority of the Directors or a majority of the Independent Directors, and shall be called by the secretary of the Corporation upon the written request of the holders of shares entitled to cast not less than ten percent of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting. Notice of any special meeting of Stockholders shall be given as provided in the Bylaws, and the special meeting shall be held not less than 15 days nor more than 60 days after the delivery of such notice. If the meeting is called by written request of Stockholders as described in this Section 11.1, notice of the special meeting shall be sent to all Stockholders within ten days of the receipt of the written request and the special meeting shall be held at the time and place specified in the Stockholder request; provided, however, that if none is so specified, at such time and place convenient to the Stockholders. If there are no Directors, the officers of the Corporation shall promptly call a special meeting of the Stockholders entitled to vote for the election of successor Directors. Any meeting may be adjourned and reconvened as the Board may determine or as otherwise provided in the Bylaws.
Section 11.2 Voting Rights of Stockholders . Subject to the provisions of any class or series of Shares then outstanding and the mandatory provisions of any applicable laws or regulations, the Stockholders shall be entitled to vote only on the following matters: (a) election or removal of Directors, without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, as provided in Sections 11.1, 7.4 and 7.11 hereof; (b) amendment of the Charter as provided in Article XIII hereof without the necessity for concurrence by the Board; (c) dissolution of the Corporation without the necessity for concurrence by the Board; (d) merger or consolidation of the Corporation without the necessity for concurrence by the Board, or the sale or other disposition of all or substantially all of the Corporation’s Assets without the necessity for concurrence by the Board; and (e) such other matters with respect to which the Board of Directors has adopted a resolution declaring that a proposed action is advisable and directing that the matter be submitted to the Stockholders for approval or ratification. Except with respect to the foregoing matters, no action taken by the Stockholders at any meeting shall in any way bind the Board. Without the approval of a majority of the Shares entitled to vote on the matter, the Board may not (i) amend the Charter to materially and adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders; (ii) amend provisions of the Charter relating to Director qualifications, fiduciary duties, liability and indemnification, conflicts of interest, investment policies or investment restrictions; (iii) liquidate or dissolve the Corporation other than before the initial investment in Property; (iv) sell all or substantially all of the Corporation’s assets other than in the ordinary course of business or as otherwise permitted by law; or (v) cause the merger or reorganization of the Corporation except as permitted by law.
Section 11.3 Voting Limitations on Shares Held by the Advisor, Directors and Affiliates . With respect to Shares owned by the Advisor, any Director, or any of their Affiliates, neither the Advisor, nor such Director, nor any of their Affiliates may vote or consent on matters submitted to the Stockholders regarding the removal of the Advisor, such Director or any of their Affiliates or any transaction between the Corporation and any of them. In determining the requisite percentage in interest of Shares necessary to
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approve a matter on which the Advisor, such Director and any of their Affiliates may not vote or consent, any Shares owned by any of them shall not be included.
Section 11.4 Right of Inspection . Any Stockholder and any designated representative thereof shall be permitted access to the records of the Corporation to which it is entitled under applicable law at all reasonable times, and may inspect and copy any of them for a reasonable charge. Inspection of the Corporation’s books and records by the office or agency administering the securities laws of a jurisdiction shall be provided upon reasonable notice and during normal business hours.
Section 11.5 Access to Stockholder List . An alphabetical list of the names, addresses and telephone numbers of the Stockholders, along with the number of Shares held by each of them (the “Stockholder List”), shall be maintained as part of the books and records of the Corporation and shall be available for inspection by any Stockholder or the Stockholder’s designated agent at the home office of the Corporation upon the request of the Stockholder. The Stockholder List shall be updated at least quarterly to reflect changes in the information contained therein. A copy of the Stockholder List shall be mailed to any Stockholder so requesting within ten days of receipt by the Corporation of the request. The copy of the Stockholder List shall be printed in alphabetical order, on white paper, and in a readily readable type size (in no event smaller than ten-point type). The Corporation may impose a reasonable charge for expenses incurred in reproduction pursuant to the Stockholder request. A Stockholder may request a copy of the Stockholder List for reasons including, but not limited to, matters relating to Stockholders’ voting rights, and the exercise of Stockholder rights under federal proxy laws.
If the Advisor or the Board neglects or refuses to exhibit, produce or mail a copy of the Stockholder List as requested, the Advisor and/or the Board, as the case may be, shall be liable to any Stockholder requesting the Stockholder List for the costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by that Stockholder for compelling the production of the Stockholder List, and for actual damages suffered by any Stockholder by reason of such refusal or neglect. It shall be a defense that the actual purpose and reason for the requests for inspection or for a copy of the Stockholder List is to secure the Stockholder List or other information for the purpose of selling the Stockholder List or copies thereof, or of using the same for a commercial purpose other than in the interest of the applicant as a Stockholder relative to the affairs of the Corporation. The Corporation may require the Stockholder requesting the Stockholder List to represent that the Stockholder List is not requested for a commercial purpose unrelated to the Stockholder’s interest in the Corporation. The remedies provided hereunder to Stockholders requesting copies of the Stockholder List are in addition to, and shall not in any way limit, other remedies available to Stockholders under federal law, or the laws of any state.
Section 11.6 Reports . The Directors, including the Independent Directors, shall take reasonable steps to insure that the Corporation shall cause to be prepared and mailed or delivered to each Stockholder as of a record date after the end of the fiscal year and each holder of other publicly held Securities within 120 days after the end of the fiscal year to which it relates an annual report for each fiscal year ending after the
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Commencement of the Initial Public Offering that shall include: (a) financial statements prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles which are audited and reported on by independent certified public accountants; (b) the ratio of the costs of raising capital during the period to the capital raised; (c) the aggregate amount of advisory fees and the aggregate amount of other fees paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by the Corporation and including fees or charges paid to the Advisor and any Affiliate of the Advisor by third parties doing business with the Corporation; (d) the Total Operating Expenses of the Corporation, stated as a percentage of Average Invested Assets and as a percentage of its Net Income; (e) a report from the Independent Directors that the policies being followed by the Corporation are in the best interests of its Stockholders and the basis for such determination; and (f) separately stated, full disclosure of all material terms, factors and circumstances surrounding any and all transactions involving the Corporation, Directors, Advisors, Sponsors and any Affiliate thereof occurring in the year for which the annual report is made, and the Independent Directors shall be specifically charged with a duty to examine and comment in the report on the fairness of such transactions.
Section 11.7 Tender Offers . If any person makes a tender offer, including, without limitation, a “mini-tender” offer, such person must comply with all of the provisions set forth in Regulation 14D of the Exchange Act, including, without limitation, disclosure and notice requirements, that would be applicable if the tender offer was for more than five percent of the outstanding Shares; provided, however, that such documents are not required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. In addition, any such person must provide notice to the Corporation at least ten business days prior to initiating any such tender offer. If any person initiates a tender offer without complying with the provisions set forth above (a “Non-Compliant Tender Offer”), the Corporation, in its sole discretion, shall have the right to redeem such non-compliant person’s Shares and any Shares acquired in such tender offer (collectively, the “Tendered Shares”) at the lesser of (i) the price then being paid per Share of Common Stock purchased in the Corporation’s latest Offering at full purchase price (not discounted for commission reductions or for reductions in sale price permitted pursuant to the Reinvestment Plan), (ii) the fair market value of the Shares as determined by an independent valuation obtained by the Corporation or (iii) the lowest tender offer price offered in such Non-Compliant Tender Offer. The Corporation may purchase such Tendered Shares upon delivery of the purchase price to the person initiating such Non-Compliant Tender Offer and, upon such delivery, the Corporation may instruct any transfer agent to transfer such purchased Shares to the Corporation. In addition, any person who makes a Non-Compliant Tender Offer shall be responsible for all expenses incurred by the Corporation in connection with the enforcement of the provisions of this Section 11.7, including, without limitation, expenses incurred in connection with the review of all documents related to such tender offer and expenses incurred in connection with any purchase of Tendered Shares by the Corporation. The Corporation maintains the right to offset any such expenses against the dollar amount to be paid by the Corporation for the purchase of Tendered Shares pursuant to this Section 11.7. In addition to the remedies provided herein, the Corporation may seek injunctive relief, including, without limitation, a temporary or permanent restraining order, in connection with any Non-
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Compliant Tender Offer. This Section 11.7 shall be of no force or effect with respect to any Shares that are then Listed.
ARTICLE XII
LIABILITY LIMITATION AND INDEMNIFICATION
Section 12.1 Limitation of Stockholder Liability . No Stockholder shall be liable for any debt, claim, demand, judgment or obligation of any kind of, against or with respect to the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder, nor shall any Stockholder be subject to any personal liability whatsoever, in tort, contract or otherwise, to any Person in connection with the Assets or the affairs of the Corporation by reason of his being a Stockholder.
Section 12.2 Limitation of Director and Officer Liability .
(a) Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in paragraph (b), no Director or officer of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its Stockholders for money damages. Neither the amendment nor repeal of this Section 12.2(a), nor the adoption or amendment of any other provision of the Charter or Bylaws inconsistent with this Section 12.2(a), shall apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or failure to act which occurred prior to such amendment, repeal or adoption.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide that a Director, the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Advisor (the “Indemnitee”) be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Corporation, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(i) The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.
(ii) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.
(iii) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.
(iv) Such agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.
Section 12.3 Indemnification .
(a) Subject to any limitations set forth under Maryland law or in paragraph (b) or (c) below, the Corporation shall indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary
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determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to (i) any individual who is a present or former Director or officer of the Corporation and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity, (ii) any individual who, while a Director or officer of the Corporation and at the request of the Corporation, serves or has served as a director, officer, partner or trustee of another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or other enterprise and who is made or threatened to be made a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity or (iii) the Advisor or any of its Affiliates acting as an agent of the Corporation. The Corporation may, with the approval of the Board of Directors or any duly authorized committee thereof, provide such indemnification and advance for expenses to a Person who served a predecessor of the Corporation in any of the capacities described in (i) or (ii) above and to any employee or agent of the Corporation or a predecessor of the Corporation. The Board may take such action as is necessary to carry out this Section 12.3(a). No amendment of the Charter or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right of indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal.
(b) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide for indemnification of an Indemnitee for any liability or loss suffered by such Indemnitee, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(i) The Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interests of the Corporation.
(ii) The Indemnitee was acting on behalf of or performing services for the Corporation.
(iii) Such liability or loss was not the result of (A) negligence or misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is a Director (other than an Independent Director), the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or (B) gross negligence or willful misconduct, in the case that the Indemnitee is an Independent Director.
(iv) Such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of Net Assets and not from the Stockholders.
(c) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in paragraph (a) above, the Corporation shall not provide indemnification for any loss, liability or expense arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such party unless one or more of the following conditions are met: (i) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged material securities law violations as to the Indemnitee, (ii) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or (iii) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and
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finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which Securities were offered or sold as to indemnification for violations of securities laws.
Section 12.4 Payment of Expenses . The Corporation may pay or reimburse reasonable legal expenses and other costs incurred by an Indemnitee in advance of final disposition of a proceeding only if all of the following are satisfied: (a) the proceeding relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Corporation, (b) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with written affirmation of the Indemnitee’s good faith belief that the Indemnitee has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Corporation as authorized by Section 12.3 hereof, (c) the legal proceeding was initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or, if by a Stockholder of the Corporation acting in his or her capacity as such, a court of competent jurisdiction approves such advancement, and (d) the Indemnitee provides the Corporation with a written agreement to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Corporation, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, if it is ultimately determined that the Indemnitee did not comply with the requisite standard of conduct and is not entitled to indemnification.
Section 12.5 Express Exculpatory Clauses in Instruments . Neither the Stockholders nor the Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation shall be liable under any written instrument creating an obligation of the Corporation by reason of their being Stockholders, Directors, officers, employees or agents of the Corporation, and all Persons shall look solely to the Corporation’s assets for the payment of any claim under or for the performance of that instrument. The omission of the foregoing exculpatory language from any instrument shall not affect the validity or enforceability of such instrument and shall not render any Stockholder, Director, officer, employee or agent liable thereunder to any third party, nor shall the Directors or any officer, employee or agent of the Corporation be liable to anyone as a result of such omission.
ARTICLE XIII
AMENDMENTS
The Corporation reserves the right from time to time to make any amendment to the Charter, now or hereafter authorized by law, including any amendment altering the terms or contract rights, as expressly set forth in the Charter, of any Shares. All rights and powers conferred by the Charter on Stockholders, Directors and officers are granted subject to this reservation. Except for those amendments permitted to be made without Stockholder approval under Maryland law or by specific provision in the Charter, any amendment to the Charter shall be valid only if approved by the affirmative vote of a majority of all votes entitled to be cast on the matter, including without limitation, (a) any amendment which would adversely affect the rights, preferences and privileges of the Stockholders and (b) any amendment to Sections 7.2, 7.5 and 7.11 of Article VII, Article IX, Article X, Article XII, Article XIV and Article XV hereof and this
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Article XIII (or any other amendment of the Charter that would have the effect of amending such sections).
ARTICLE XIV
ROLL-UP TRANSACTIONS
In connection with any proposed Roll-Up Transaction, an appraisal of all of the Corporation’s assets shall be obtained from a competent Independent Appraiser. If the appraisal will be included in a prospectus used to offer the securities of the Roll-Up Entity, the appraisal shall be filed as an exhibit with the Securities and Exchange Commission and, if applicable, the states in which registration of such securities are sought, as an exhibit to the registration statement for the offering. The Corporation’s assets shall be appraised on a consistent basis, and the appraisal shall be based on the evaluation of all relevant information and shall indicate the value of the assets as of a date immediately prior to the announcement of the proposed Roll-Up Transaction. The appraisal shall assume an orderly liquidation of the assets over a twelvemonth period. The terms of the engagement of the Independent Appraiser shall clearly state that the engagement is for the benefit of the Corporation and the Stockholders. A summary of the appraisal, indicating all material assumptions underlying the appraisal, shall be included in a report to Stockholders in connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction. In connection with a proposed Roll-Up Transaction, the Person sponsoring the Roll-Up Transaction shall offer to holders of Common Shares who vote against the proposed Roll-Up Transaction the choice of:
(a) accepting the securities of a Roll-Up Entity offered in the proposed Roll-Up Transaction; or
(b) one of the following:
(i) remaining as Stockholders and preserving their interests therein on the same terms and conditions as existed previously; or
(ii) receiving cash in an amount equal to the Stockholder’s pro rata share of the appraised value of the Net Assets.
The Corporation is prohibited from participating in any proposed Roll-Up Transaction:
(a) that would result in the holders of Common Shares having voting rights in a Roll-Up Entity that are less than the rights provided for in Sections 11.1 and 11.2 hereof;
(b) that includes provisions that would operate as a material impediment to, or frustration of, the accumulation of Shares by any purchaser of the securities of the Roll-Up Entity (except to the minimum extent necessary to preserve the tax status of the Roll-Up Entity), or which would limit the ability of an investor to exercise the voting rights of its securities of the Roll-Up Entity on the basis of the number of Shares held by that investor;
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(c) in which investor’s rights to access of records of the Roll-Up Entity will be less than those described in Sections 11.4 and 11.5 hereof; or
(d) in which any of the costs of the Roll-Up Transaction would be borne by the Corporation if the Roll-Up Transaction is rejected by the holders of Common Shares.
ARTICLE XV
DURATION
The Corporation shall continue perpetually unless dissolved pursuant to any applicable provision of the MGCL.
THIRD : The amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation as hereinabove set forth has been duly advised by the Board of Directors and approved by the stockholders of the Corporation as required by law.
FOURTH : The current address of the principal office of the Corporation is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.
FIFTH : The name and address of the Corporation’s current resident agent is as set forth in Article III of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.
SIXTH : The number of directors of the Corporation and the names of those currently in office are as set forth in Article VII of the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter.
SEVENTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation had authority to issue immediately prior to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation was 300,000,000, consisting of 249,999,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 50,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share; and 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all shares of stock having par value was $3,000,000.
EIGHTH : The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation has authority to issue pursuant to the foregoing amendment and restatement of the charter of the Corporation is 1,000,000,000, consisting of 749,999,000 shares of Common Stock, $0.01 par value per share; 250,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock, $0.01 par value per share; and 1,000 shares of non-participating, non-voting convertible stock, $0.01 par value per share. The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is $10,000,000.
NINTH : The undersigned acknowledges these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be the corporate act of the Corporation and as to all matters or facts required to be verified under oath, the undersigned acknowledges that to the best of his
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knowledge, information and belief, these matters and facts are true in all material respects and that this statement is made under the penalties for perjury.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles of Amendment and Restatement to be signed in its name and on its behalf by its Chief Executive Officer and attested to by its Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary on this 24th day of September, 2009.
ATTEST: | BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC. | |
/s/ Michael L. Konig | /s/ R. Ramin Kamfar | (SEAL) |
Name: Michael L. Konig | Name: R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Title: Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary | Title: Chief Executive Officer |
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2
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3. All Documents submitted to us as originals are authentic. The form and content of all Documents submitted to us as unexecuted drafts do not differ in any respect relevant to this opinion from the form and content of such Documents as executed and delivered. All Documents submitted to us as certified or photostatic copies conform to the original documents. All signatures on all such Documents are genuine. All public records reviewed or relied upon by
us or on our behalf are true and complete. All representations, warranties, statements and information contained in the Documents are true and complete. There has been no oral or written modification of or amendment to any of the Documents, and there has been no waiver of any provision of any of the Documents, by action or omission of the parties or otherwise.
|
Re: |
Registration on Securities Form S-11 Relating to Shares of
Common Stock of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. |
(1) | A copy of the Prospectus; | ||
(2) | The charter of the Company, filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland (the “SDAT”) on July 25, 2008 and certified by the SDAT, and as certified by the Secretary of the Company as being complete, accurate and in effect; | ||
(3) | A copy of the Amended and Restated Bylaws of the Company, as certified by the Secretary of the Company as being complete, accurate and in effect; | ||
(4) | A copy of the Certificate of Limited Partnership of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the |
“Operating Partnership”), as certified by the general partner of such partnership on the date hereof as being complete, accurate and in effect, and the Amended and Restated Limited Partnership Agreement of the Operating Partnership; |
(5) | Factual representations of the Company and certain of its officers contained in the Representation Letter dated as of even date herewith, delivered to us by the Company; and | ||
(6) | Such other additional instruments and documents, factual representations of the Company and of certain other persons, and such matters of law, all as we have deemed necessary or appropriate for purposes of this opinion. |
(1) | that the documents shown to us are complete and we have been shown all modifications to such documents; | ||
(2) | that the documents listed above that have been reviewed in proposed or draft form will be executed in substantially the same form as the documents that we have reviewed; | ||
(3) | that the factual representations set forth in the Representation Letter are true, accurate and complete as of the date hereof; | ||
(4) | that any representation made in the Representation Letter “to the knowledge of” or similarly qualified is correct without such qualification; | ||
(5) | that the Operating Partnership has a valid legal existence under the laws of the state in which it was formed and has operated in accordance with the laws of such state; and | ||
(6) | that all obligations imposed by the documents listed above on the parties thereto, and all obligations described in the Prospectus, as amended, that are assumed, represented or intended to be effected by the Company in such documents to maintain its status as a REIT, have been and will be performed or satisfied in accordance with their terms. |
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Exhibit 10.4
Exhibit 10.4
ADVISORY AGREEMENT
AMONG
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY TRUST, INC.,
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY HOLDINGS, LP,
AND
BLUEROCK ENHANCED MULTIFAMILY ADVISOR, LLC
TABLE OF CONTENTS | |
1. Definitions | 1 |
2. Appointment | 7 |
3. Duties of the Advisor | 7 |
4. Authority of Advisor | 10 |
5. Bank Accounts | 10 |
6. Records; Access | 11 |
7. Limitations on Activities | 11 |
8. Relationship with Director | 11 |
9. Fees | 11 |
10. Expenses | 13 |
11. Other Services | 14 |
12. Reimbursement to the Advisor | 15 |
13. Business Combination | 15 |
14. Other Activities of the Advisor | 16 |
15. The Bluerock Name | 16 |
16. Term of Agreement | 17 |
17. Termination by the Parties | 17 |
18. Assignment to an Affiliate | 17 |
19. Payments to and Duties of Advisor Upon Termination | 17 |
20. Indemnification by the Company and the Operating Partnership | 18 |
21. Indemnification by Advisor | 19 |
22. Nonsolicitation | 19 |
23. Notices | 19 |
24. Modification | 20 |
25. Severability | 20 |
26. Construction | 20 |
27. Entire Agreement | 20 |
28. Indulgences, Not Waivers | 21 |
29. Gender | 21 |
30 . Titles Not to Affect Interpretation | 21 |
31. Execution in Counterparts | 21 |
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ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS ADVISORY AGREEMENT (this “ Agreement ”), dated as of the 24th day of September, 2009 (the “ Effective Date ”), is entered into by and among Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “ Operating Partnership ”), and Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company (the “ Advisor ”). Capitalized terms used herein shall have the meanings ascribed to them in Section 1 below.
W I T N E S S E T H
WHEREAS, the Company intends to qualify as a REIT, and to invest its funds in investments permitted by the terms of Sections 856 through 860 of the Code;
WHEREAS, the Company is the general partner, and its wholly owned subsidiary, Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC, is the sole limited partner of the Operating Partnership, and the Company intends to conduct all of its business and make all Investments through the Operating Partnership;
WHEREAS, the Company and the Operating Partnership desire to avail themselves of the experience, sources of information, advice, assistance and certain facilities of the Advisor and to have the Advisor undertake the duties and responsibilities hereinafter set forth, on behalf of, and subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors of the Company, all as provided herein; and
WHEREAS, the Advisor is willing to undertake to render such services, subject to the supervision of the Board of Directors, on the terms and conditions hereinafter set forth;
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the foregoing and of the mutual covenants and agreements contained herein, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
1. DEFINITIONS. As used in this Agreement, the following terms have the definitions hereinafter indicated:
Acquisition Expenses . Any and all expenses, exclusive of Acquisition Fees, incurred by the Company, the Operating Partnership, the Advisor, or any of their Affiliates in connection with the selection, evaluation, acquisition, origination, making or development of any Investments, whether or not acquired, including, without limitation, legal fees and expenses, travel and communications expenses, costs of appraisals, nonrefundable option payments on property not acquired, accounting fees and expenses, title insurance premiums, and the costs of performing due diligence.
Acquisition Fee . The term “Acquisition Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(a).
Advisor . Advisor shall mean Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company, any successor advisor to the Company, the Operating Partnership or any Person to which Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC or any successor advisor subcontracts substantially all of its functions. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a Person hired or retained by Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC to perform property management and related services for the Company or the Operating Partnership that is not hired or retained to perform substantially all of the functions of Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC with respect to the Company or the Operating Partnership as a whole shall not be deemed to be an Advisor.
Affiliate or Affiliated . With respect to any Person, (i) any Person directly or indirectly owning, controlling or holding, with the power to vote, ten percent (10%) or more of the outstanding voting securities of such other Person; (ii) any Person ten percent (10%) or more of whose outstanding voting securities are directly or indirectly owned, controlled or held, with the power to vote, by such other Person; (iii) any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other Person; (iv) any executive officer, director, trustee or general partner of such other Person; and (v) any legal entity for which such Person acts as an executive officer, director, trustee or general partner.
Articles of Incorporation . The Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended from time to time.
Asset Management Fee . The term “Asset Management Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(e).
Average Invested Assets . For a specified period, the average of the aggregate book value of the assets of the Company invested, directly or indirectly, in Investments before deducting depreciation, bad debts or other non-cash reserves, computed by taking the average of such values at the end of each month during such period.
Board of Directors or Board . The individuals holding such office, as of any particular time, under the Articles of Incorporation, whether they be the Directors named therein or additional or successor Directors.
Bylaws . The bylaws of the Company, as amended and as the same are in effect from time to time.
Cause . With respect to the termination of this Agreement, fraud, criminal conduct, misconduct or negligent breach of fiduciary duty by the Advisor, or a material breach of this Agreement by the Advisor.
Code . Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended from time to time, or any successor statute thereto. Reference to any provision of the Code shall mean such provision as in effect from time to time, as the same may be amended, and any successor provision thereto, as interpreted by any applicable regulations as in effect from time to time.
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Company . Company shall mean Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation.
Competitive Real Estate Commission . A real estate or brokerage commission for the purchase or sale of property which is reasonable, customary, and competitive in light of the size, type, and location of the property.
Contract Sales Price . The total consideration stated in an agreement for the sale of an Investment.
Dealer Manager . Select Capital Corporation, or such other Person or entity selected by the Board to act as the dealer manager for the Offering.
Dealer Manager Fee . 2.6% of Gross Proceeds from the sale of Shares in the Primary Offering, payable to the Dealer Manager for serving as the dealer manager of such Offering.
Director . A member of the Board of Directors of the Company.
Disposition Fee . The term “Disposition Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(d).
Distributions . Any distributions of money or other property by the Company to Stockholders, including distributions that may constitute a return of capital for federal income tax purposes.
Effective Date . Effective Date shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.
Excess Amount . Excess Amount shall have the meaning set forth in Section 12.
Expense Year . Expense Year shall have the meaning set forth in Section 12.
Financing Fee . The term “Financing Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(g).
FINRA . The Financial Industry Regulatory Authority.
Funds From Operations . As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts, Funds From Operations means net income computed in accordance with GAAP, excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus depreciation and amortization, and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures in which the REIT holds an interest.
GAAP . Generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the United States of America from time to time.
Gross Proceeds . The aggregate purchase price of all Shares sold for the account of the Company through all Offerings, without deduction for any Organization and Offering
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Expenses or volume discounts. For the purpose of computing Gross Proceeds, the purchase price of any Share for which reduced Selling Commissions are paid to the Dealer Manager or a Participating Dealer (where net proceeds to the Company are not reduced) shall be deemed to be the full amount of the offering price per Share pursuant to the Prospectus for such Offering without reduction.
Indemnitee . The terms “Indemnitee” and “Indemnitees” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 20.
Independent Director . Independent Director shall have the meaning set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.
Invested Capital . The original issue price paid for the Shares reduced by prior Distributions from the sale or financing of the Investments.
Investments . Any investments by the Company or the Operating Partnership in Real Estate Assets, Real Estate-Related Loans or any other asset.
Joint Ventures . The joint venture or partnership arrangements (other than with the Operating Partnership) in which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a co-venturer or general partner which are established to own Investments.
Listing . The listing of the Shares on a national securities exchange or the receipt by the Stockholders of cash and/or securities of an issuer that are listed on a national securities exchange in exchange for the Company’s common stock. Upon such Listing, the Shares shall be deemed “Listed.”
Loans . Any indebtedness or obligations in respect of borrowed money or evidenced by bonds, notes, debentures, deeds of trust, letters of credit or similar instruments, including mortgages and mezzanine loans.
NASAA REIT Guidelines . The Statement of Policy Regarding Real Estate Investment Trusts published by the North American Securities Administrators Association on May 7, 2007, as may be amended from time to time.
Net Income . For any period, the Company’s total revenues applicable to such period, less the total expenses applicable to such period other than additions to reserves for depreciation, bad debts or other similar non-cash reserves and excluding any gain from the sale of the Company’s assets.
Offering . The public offering of Shares pursuant to a Prospectus.
Operating Partnership . Operating Partnership shall mean Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership.
Operating Partnership Agreement . The Operating Partnership Agreement between the Company and Bluerock REIT Holdings, LLC.
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OP Units . Units of limited partnership interest in the Operating Partnership.
Organization and Offering Expenses . Organization and Offering Expenses means all organization and offering expenses as defined by Rule 2810 promulgated by FINRA to be paid by the Company in connection with the Offering, including: (a) all actual, incurred issuer expenses, as defined by FINRA Rule 2810(b)(4)(C)(i), including legal, accounting, printing, mailing, technology, filing fees, charges of the escrow holder and transfer agent, charges of the Advisor or its Affiliates for administrative services related to the issuance of Shares in the Offering and amounts to reimburse costs in connection with preparing supplemental sales materials and reimbursements for actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging by employees of the Advisor and its Affiliates to attend retail seminars hosted by broker-dealers or bona fide training and education meetings hosted by the Advisor or its Affiliates; (b) and all items of underwriting compensation as defined by FINRA Rule 2310, including Selling Commissions, the Dealer Manager Fee and (i) amounts used to reimburse FINRA-registered personnel of the Dealer Manager for actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging to attend retail seminars sponsored by Participating Dealers; (ii) sponsorship fees for seminars sponsored by Participating Dealers, (iii) amounts used to reimburse FINRA-registered personnel of the Dealer Manager and Participating Dealers for the actual costs incurred for travel, meals and lodging in connection with attending bona fide training and education meetings hosted by the Company, the Advisor or its Affiliates, (iv) amounts used to reimburse the Dealer Manager for legal fees and expenses, and (v) customary promotional items, and (c) reimbursement of bona fide due diligence expenses to the Dealer Manager or a Participating Dealer that are supported by a detailed and itemized invoice.
Origination Fee . The term “Origination Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(b).
Oversight Fee . The term “Oversight Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(f).
Participating Dealers . Securities broker-dealers who are registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission and members of FINRA, or who are exempt from broker-dealer registration, and who, in either case, have executed participating dealer or other agreements with the Dealer Manager to sell Shares.
Person . An individual, corporation, partnership, trust, joint venture, limited liability company or other entity.
Primary Offering . The portion of an Offering other than the Shares offered pursuant to the Company’s distribution reinvestment plan.
Property Management Fee . The term “Property Management Fee” shall mean the fees payable to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9(f).
Prospectus . A “Prospectus” under Section 2(10) of the Securities Act, including a preliminary Prospectus, an offering circular as described in Rule 253 of the General Rules and Regulations under the Securities Act or, in the case of an intrastate offering, any document by whatever name known, utilized for the purpose of offering and selling securities to the public.
Real Estate Assets . Any investment by the Company or the Operating Partnership in unimproved and improved Real Property (including, without limitation, fee or leasehold interests, options and leases) either directly or through a Joint Venture.
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Real Estate-Related Loans . Any investments in, or origination of, mortgage loans and other types of real estate-related debt financing, including, without limitation, mezzanine loans, bridge loans, convertible mortgages, wraparound mortgage loans, construction mortgage loans, loans on leasehold interests and participations in such loans, by the Company or the Operating Partnership.
Real Property . Real property owned from time to time by the Company or the Operating Partnership, either directly or through joint venture arrangements or other partnerships, which consists of (i) land only, (ii) land, including the buildings located thereon, (iii) buildings only or (iv) such investments the Board and the Advisor mutually designate as Real Property to the extent such investments could be classified as Real Property.
REIT . A “real estate investment trust” under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code.
Sale or Sales . Any transaction or series of transactions whereby: (A) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Real Property, Loan or other Investment or portion thereof, including the lease of any Real Property consisting of a building only, and including any event with respect to any Real Property which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or condemnation awards; (B) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of all or substantially all of the interest of the Company or the Operating Partnership in any Joint Venture in which it is a co-venturer or partner; (C) any Joint Venture directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) in which the Company or the Operating Partnership as a co-venturer or partner sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any Real Property or portion thereof, including any event with respect to any Real Property which gives rise to insurance claims or condemnation awards; or (D) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, conveys or relinquishes its interest in any Real Estate-Related Loans or portion thereof (including with respect to any Real Estate-Related Loan, all payments thereunder or in satisfaction thereof other than regularly scheduled interest payments) and any event which gives rise to a significant amount of insurance proceeds or similar awards; or (E) the Company or the Operating Partnership directly or indirectly (except as described in other subsections of this definition) sells, grants, transfers, conveys, or relinquishes its ownership of any other asset not previously described in this definition or any portion thereof, but not including any transaction or series of transactions specified in clauses (A) through (E) above in which the proceeds of such transaction or series of transactions are reinvested by the Company in one or more assets within 180 days thereafter.
Securities Act . The Securities Act of 1933, as amended.
Selling Commission . 7.0% of Gross Proceeds from the sale of Shares in the Primary Offering payable to the Dealer Manager and reallowable to Participating Dealers with respect to Shares sold by them.
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Shares . The shares of the Company’s capital stock, par value $0.01 per share.
Special Committee . The term “Special Committee” shall have the meaning as provided in Section 13(a).
Sponsor . Sponsor shall mean Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C, a Delaware limited liability company.
Stockholders . The registered holders of the Shares.
Termination Date . The date of termination of this Agreement.
Total Operating Expenses . All costs and expenses paid or incurred by the Company, as determined under GAAP, that are in any way related to the operation of the Company or its business, including asset management fees and other fees paid to the Advisor, but excluding (i) the expenses of raising capital such as Organization and Offering Expenses, legal, audit, accounting, underwriting, brokerage, listing, registration, and other fees, printing and other such expenses and taxes incurred in connection with the issuance, distribution, transfer, registration and Listing, (ii) interest payments, (iii) taxes, (iv) non-cash expenditures such as depreciation, amortization and bad debt reserves, (v) incentive fees paid in compliance with the NASAA REIT Guidelines, (vi) Acquisition Fees, Origination Fees and Acquisition Expenses and (vii) other fees and expenses connected with the acquisition, disposition, management and ownership of real estate interests, mortgages or other property (including the costs of foreclosure, insurance premiums, legal services, maintenance, repair, and improvement of property). The definition of “Total Operating Expenses” set forth above is intended to encompass only those expenses which are required to be treated as Total Operating Expenses under the NASAA REIT Guidelines. As a result, and notwithstanding the definition set forth above, any expense of the Company which is not part of Total Operating Expenses under the NASAA REIT Guidelines shall not be treated as part of Total Operating Expenses for purposes hereof.
2%/25% Guidelines . 2%/25% Guidelines shall have the meaning set forth in Section 12.
2. APPOINTMENT . The Company and the Operating Partnership hereby appoint the Advisor to serve as their advisor on the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement, and the Advisor hereby accepts such appointment.
3. DUTIES OF THE ADVISOR . As of the Effective Date, the Advisor undertakes to use its best efforts to present to the Company and the Operating Partnership potential investment opportunities and to provide a continuing and suitable investment program consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Company as determined and adopted from time to time by the Board. In performance of this undertaking, subject to the supervision of the Board and consistent with the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws of the Company and the Operating Partnership Agreement, the Advisor shall, either directly or by engaging an Affiliate:
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(a) serve as the Company’s and the Operating Partnership’s investment and financial advisor;
(b) provide the daily management for the Company and the Operating Partnership and perform and supervise the various administrative functions reasonably necessary for the management of the Company and the Operating Partnership;
(c) investigate, select, and, on behalf of the Company and the Operating Partnership, engage and conduct business with and supervise the performance of such Persons as the Advisor deems necessary to the proper performance of its obligations hereunder, including, but not limited to, consultants, accountants, correspondents, lenders, technical advisors, attorneys, brokers, underwriters, corporate fiduciaries, escrow agents, depositaries, custodians, agents for collection, insurers, insurance agents, banks, builders, developers, property owners, real estate management companies, real estate operating companies, securities investment advisors, mortgagors, registrar and transfer agent and any and all agents for any of the foregoing, including Affiliates of the Advisor, and Persons acting in any other capacity deemed by the Advisor necessary or desirable for the performance of any of the foregoing services, including, but not limited to, entering into contracts in the name of the Company and the Operating Partnership with any of the foregoing;
(d) consult with the officers and Directors of the Company and assist the Directors in the formulation and implementation of the Company’s financial policies, and, as necessary, furnish the Board with advice and recommendations with respect to the making of investments consistent with the investment objectives and policies of the Company and in connection with any borrowings proposed to be undertaken by the Company or the Operating Partnership;
(e) subject to the provisions of Section 4 hereof, (i) participate in formulating an investment strategy and asset allocation framework, (ii) locate, analyze and select potential Investments, (iii) structure and negotiate the terms and conditions of transactions pursuant to which acquisitions and dispositions of Investments will be made; (iv) research, identify, review and recommend acquisitions and dispositions of Investments to the Board and make Investments on behalf of the Company and the Operating Partnership in compliance with the investment objectives and policies of the Company; (v) arrange for financing and refinancing and make other changes in the asset or capital structure of, and dispose of, reinvest the proceeds from the sale of, or otherwise deal with, Investments; (vi) enter into leases and service contracts for Real Estate Assets and, to the extent necessary, perform all other operational functions for the maintenance and administration of such Real Estate Assets; (vii) actively oversee and manage Investments for purposes of meeting the Company’s investment objectives and reviewing and analyzing financial information for each of the Investments and the overall portfolio; (viii) select Joint Venture partners, structure corresponding agreements and oversee and monitor these relationships; (ix) oversee, supervise and evaluate Affiliated and non-Affiliated property managers who perform services for the Company or the Operating Partnership; (x) oversee Affiliated and non-Affiliated Persons with whom the Advisor contracts to perform certain of the services required to be performed under this Agreement; (xi) manage accounting and other record-keeping functions for the Company and the Operating Partnership, including reviewing
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and analyzing the capital and operating budgets for the Real Estate Assets and generating an annual budget for the Company; (xii) recommend various liquidity events to the Board when appropriate and (xiii) source and structure Real Estate-Related Loans;
(f) upon request, provide the Board with periodic reports regarding prospective investments;
(g) make investments in, and dispositions of, Investments within the discretionary limits and authority as granted by the Board;
(h) negotiate on behalf of the Company and the Operating Partnership with banks or lenders for Loans to be made to the Company and the Operating Partnership, and negotiate on behalf of the Company and the Operating Partnership with investment banking firms and broker-dealers or negotiate private sales of Shares or obtain Loans for the Company and the Operating Partnership, but in no event in such a way so that the Advisor shall be acting as broker-dealer or underwriter; and provided, further, that any fees and costs payable to third parties incurred by the Advisor in connection with the foregoing shall be the responsibility of the Company or the Operating Partnership;
(i) obtain reports (which may, but are not required to, be prepared by the Advisor or its Affiliates), where appropriate, concerning the value of Investments or contemplated investments of the Company and the Operating Partnership;
(j) from time to time, or at any time reasonably requested by the Board, make reports to the Board of its performance of services to the Company and the Operating Partnership under this Agreement, including reports with respect to potential conflicts of interest involving the Advisor or any of its Affiliates;
(k) provide the Company and the Operating Partnership with all necessary cash management services;
(l) do all things necessary to assure its ability to render the services described in this Agreement;
(m) deliver to, or maintain on behalf of, the Company copies of all appraisals obtained in connection with the investments in any Real Estate Assets as may be required to be obtained by the Board;
(n) notify the Board of all proposed material transactions before they are completed;
(o) effect any private placement of OP Units, tenancy-in-common (TIC) or other interests in Investments as may be approved by the Board;
(p) perform investor-relations and Stockholder communications functions for the Company; and
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(q) maintain the Company’s accounting and other records and assist the Company in filing all reports required to be filed by it with the Securities and Exchange Commission, the Internal Revenue Service and other regulatory agencies.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisor may delegate any of the foregoing duties to any Person so long as the Advisor or any Affiliate remains responsible for the performance of the duties set forth in this Section 3.
4. AUTHORITY OF ADVISOR.
(a) Pursuant to the terms of this Agreement (including the restrictions included in this Section 4 and in Section 7), and subject to the continuing and exclusive authority of the Board over the management of the Company, the Board hereby delegates to the Advisor the authority to perform the services described in Section 3.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, any investment in Real Estate Assets, including any financing thereof, will require the prior approval of the Board, any particular Directors specified by the Board or any committee of the Board, as the case may be.
(c) If a transaction requires approval by the Independent Directors, the Advisor will deliver to the Independent Directors all documents and other information required by them to properly evaluate the proposed transaction.
(d) The prior approval of a majority of the Independent Directors not otherwise interested in the transaction and a majority of the Board not otherwise interested in the transaction will be required for each transaction to which the Advisor or its Affiliates is a party.
(e) The Board may, at any time upon the giving of notice to the Advisor, modify or revoke the authority set forth in this Section 4; provided, however, that such modification or revocation shall be effective upon receipt by the Advisor and shall not be applicable to investment transactions to which the Advisor has committed the Company or the Operating Partnership prior to the date of receipt by the Advisor of such notification.
5. BANK ACCOUNTS. The Advisor may establish and maintain one or more bank accounts in its own name for the account of the Company or the Operating Partnership or in the name of the Company and the Operating Partnership and may collect and deposit into any such account or accounts, and disburse from any such account or accounts, any money on behalf of the Company or the Operating Partnership, under such terms and conditions as the Board may approve, provided that no funds shall be commingled with the funds of the Advisor; and the Advisor shall from time to time render appropriate accountings of such collections and payments to the Board and to the auditors of the Company.
6. RECORDS; ACCESS. The Advisor shall maintain appropriate records of all its activities hereunder and make such records available for inspection by the Directors and by counsel, auditors and authorized agents of the Company, at any time or from time to time during
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normal business hours. The Advisor shall at all reasonable times have access to the books and records of the Company and the Operating Partnership.
7. LIMITATIONS ON ACTIVITIES . Anything else in this Agreement to the contrary notwithstanding, the Advisor shall refrain from taking any action which, in its sole judgment made in good faith, would (a) adversely affect the status of the Company as a REIT unless the Board has determined that REIT, qualification is not in the best interests of the Company and its Stockholders, (b) subject the Company to regulation under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, or (c) violate any law, rule, regulation or statement of policy of any governmental body or agency having jurisdiction over the Company or its Shares, or otherwise not be permitted by the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws of the Company, except if such action shall be ordered by the Board, in which case the Advisor shall notify promptly the Board of the Advisor’s judgment of the potential impact of such action and shall refrain from taking such action until it receives further clarification or instructions from the Board. In such event, the Advisor shall have no liability for acting in accordance with the specific instructions of the Board so given. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Advisor, its directors, officers, employees and members, and the partners, directors, officers, members and stockholders of the Advisor’s Affiliates shall not be liable to the Company or to the Directors or Stockholders for any act or omission by the Advisor, its directors, officers, employees, or members, and the partners, directors, officers, members or stockholders of the Advisor’s Affiliates taken or omitted to be taken in the performance of their duties under this Agreement except as provided in Section 20 of this Agreement.
8. RELATIONSHIP WITH DIRECTORS . Subject to Section 7 of this Agreement and to restrictions advisable with respect to the qualification of the Company as a REIT, directors, officers and employees of the Advisor or an Affiliate of the Advisor or any corporate parent of an Affiliate, may serve as a Director and as officers of the Company, except that no director, officer or employee of the Advisor or its Affiliates who also is a Director or officer of the Company shall receive any compensation from the Company for serving as a Director or officer other than reasonable reimbursement for travel and related expenses incurred in attending meetings of the Board and no such Director shall be deemed an Independent Director for purposes of satisfying the Director independence requirement set forth in the Articles of Incorporation.
9. FEES.
(a) Acquisition Fees . The Advisor shall receive an Acquisition Fee payable by the Company as compensation for services rendered in connection with the investigation, selection, sourcing, due diligence and acquisition (by purchase, investment or exchange) of Real Estate Assets or investments. The total Acquisition Fees payable to the Advisor or its Affiliates shall equal 1.75% of the purchase price. The purchase price of an Investment shall equal the amount paid or allocated to the purchase, development, construction or improvement of a property, inclusive of expenses related thereto, and the amount of debt associated with such Real Estate Asset or investment. The purchase price allocable for a joint venture investment shall equal the product of (i) the purchase price in the underlying Real Estate Asset and (ii) the Company’s ownership percentage in the joint venture. For purposes of this section, “ownership percentage” shall be the percentage of capital stock (or equivalent indicia of ownership) owned by the Company,
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without regard to classification of such capital stock. With respect to investments in and originations of Real Estate-Related Loans, the Company will pay the Advisor an Origination Fee in lieu of the Acquisition Fee. The Advisor shall submit an invoice to the Company following the closing or closings of each Real Estate Asset or Investment, accompanied by a computation of the Acquisition Fee. The Company shall pay the Acquisition Fee promptly following receipt of the invoice.
(b) Origination Fees . As compensation for the investigation, selection, sourcing, due diligence and acquisition or origination of Real Estate-Related Loans, the Company shall pay an Origination Fee to the Advisor for each such acquisition or origination equal to 1.75% of the greater of (i) the amount funded by the Company to originate the Real Estate-Related Loan or (ii) the purchase price of any Real Estate-Related Loan that the Company acquires, including third-party expenses. The Company will not pay an Acquisition Fee with respect to any such Real Estate-Related Loan. The Company will not pay an Origination Fee to the Advisor with respect to any transaction pursuant to which the Company is required to pay the Advisor an Acquisition Fee. Notwithstanding anything herein to the contrary, the payment of Origination Fees by the Company shall be subject to the limitations on Acquisition Fees contained in the Company’s Articles of Incorporation. The Advisor shall submit an invoice to the Company following the closing or closings of each Real Estate-Related Loan, accompanied by a computation of the Origination Fee. The Company shall pay the Origination Fee to the Advisor promptly following receipt of the invoice.
(c) Limitation on Total Acquisition Fees, Origination Fees and Acquisition Expenses . Pursuant to the NASAA REIT Guidelines, the total of all Acquisition Fees, Origination Fees and Acquisition Expenses payable in connection with any Investment shall not exceed 6.0% of the “contract purchase price,” as defined in the Articles of Incorporation, of the Investment acquired.
(d) Disposition Fee. In connection with a Sale of an Investment (except for such Investments that are traded on a national securities exchange) in which the Advisor or any Affiliate of the Advisor provides a substantial amount of services, as determined by the Independent Directors, the Company shall pay to the Advisor or its Affiliate a Disposition Fee equal to the lesser of (i) one-half of a Competitive Real Estate Commission or (ii) 1.5% of the Contract Sales Price of such Investment. Any Disposition Fee payable under this Section 9(d) may be paid in addition to real estate commissions paid to non-Affiliates, provided that the total real estate commissions (including such Disposition Fee) paid to all Persons by the Company for the Sale of each Investment shall not exceed 6.0% of the Contract Sales Price. Substantial assistance in connection with a Sale may include the preparation of an investment package (for example, for a Sale, a package including a new investment analysis, rent rolls, tenant information regarding credit, a property title report, an environmental report, a structural report and exhibits) or other such substantial services performed in connection with a Sale.
(e) Asset Management Fee . The Advisor shall receive the Asset Management Fee as compensation for services rendered in connection with the day-to-day management of the Company’s assets and operations. The Asset Management Fee shall be equal to a monthly fee of one-twelfth of 1%, of the higher of (A) the aggregate cost of each Investment the Company acquires, excluding Acquisition Fees and Acquisition Expenses but including any debt attributable to the asset (including debt encumbering the asset after its acquisition) and the outstanding principal amount of the Real Estate-Related Loans acquired or originated and other Investments, provided that, with respect to any Real Estate Assets developed, constructed or improved by the Company, cost for purposes herein shall include the amount
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expended by the company for such development, construction or improvement and (B) the fair market value of each Investment (before non-cash reserves, bad debt and depreciation) as determined by an independent valuation report, if available; provided, however, that 50% of the Asset Management Fee payable hereunder will not be paid until Stockholders have received Distributions in an amount equal to at least a 6.0% per annum cumulative, non-compounded return on Invested Capital, at which time all unpaid portions of the Asset Management Fee shall become due and payable). The Asset Management Fee will be based only on the portion of the cost or value attributable to the Company’s investment in an asset if the Company does not own all of an asset. The amount of the Asset Management Fee for each calendar month hereunder shall be calculated as of the last day of such month and shall be prorated for any partial month.
(f) Property Management Fee . The Advisor or its Affiliate shall receive a Property Management Fee equal to 4.0% of the monthly gross revenues from any Real Property it manages, payable monthly. In the alternative, should the Company contract property management services for certain Real Properties to non-Affiliated third parties, the Advisor shall receive an Oversight Fee equal to 1.0% of monthly gross revenues of such Real Properties so managed.
(g) Financing Fee . The Advisor shall receive a Financing Fee equal to 1.0% of the amount made available to the Company under any Loan made available to it. The Advisor may reallow some or all of this Financing Fee to reimburse third parties with whom it may subcontract to procure any such Loan.
(h) Exclusion of Certain Transactions . In the event the Company or the Operating Partnership shall propose to enter into any transaction in which the Advisor, any Affiliate of the Advisor or any of the Advisor’s directors or officers has a direct or indirect interest, then such transaction shall be approved by a majority of the members of the Board not otherwise interested in such transaction, including a majority of the Independent Directors.
10. EXPENSES.
(a) In addition to the compensation paid to the Advisor pursuant to Section 9 hereof, the Company or the Operating Partnership shall pay directly or reimburse the Advisor for all of the expenses paid or incurred by the Advisor or its Affiliates in connection with the services it provides to the Company and the Operating Partnership pursuant to this Agreement, including, but not limited to:
(i) Organization and Offering Expenses other than the Selling Commission and the Dealer Manager Fee; provided, however, that the Company shall not reimburse the Advisor to the extent such reimbursement would cause the total amount of Organization and Offering Expenses paid by the Company and the Operating Partnership to exceed 15.0% of the Gross Proceeds raised as of the date of the reimbursement;
(ii) Acquisition Expenses incurred in connection with the selection and acquisition of Investments subject to the aggregate 6.0% cap on Acquisition Fees, Origination Fees and Acquisition Expenses set forth in Section 9(c);
(iii) the actual cost of goods and services used by the Company and obtained from entities not affiliated with the Advisor;
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(iv) interest and other costs for borrowed money, including discounts, points and other similar fees;
(v) taxes and assessments on income of the Company or Investments;
(vi) costs associated with insurance required in connection with the business of the Company or by the Board;
(vii) expenses of managing and operating Investments owned by the Company, whether payable to an Affiliate of the Company or a non-affiliated Person;
(viii) all expenses in connection with payments to the Directors for attending meetings of the Board and Stockholders;
(ix) expenses associated with a Listing, if applicable, or with the issuance and distribution of Shares, such as selling commissions and fees, advertising expenses, taxes, legal and accounting fees, listing and registration fees, and other Organization and Offering Expenses;
(x) expenses connected with payments of Distributions;
(xi) expenses of organizing, revising, amending, converting, modifying, or terminating the Company or any subsidiary thereof or the Articles of Incorporation or governing documents of any subsidiary;
(xii) expenses of maintaining communications with Stockholders, including the cost of preparation, printing, and mailing annual reports and other Stockholder reports, proxy statements and other reports required by governmental entities;
(xiii) administrative service expenses (including (a) personnel costs; provided, however, that no reimbursement shall be made for costs of personnel to the extent that such personnel perform services in transactions for which the Advisor receives Acquisition Fees, Origination Fees or Disposition Fees, and (b) the Company’s allocable share of other overhead of the Advisor such as rent and utilities); and
(xiv) audit, accounting and legal fees.
(b) Expenses incurred by the Advisor on behalf of the Company and the Operating Partnership and payable pursuant to this Section 10 shall be reimbursed no less than monthly to the Advisor.
(c) The Advisor shall prepare a statement documenting the expenses of the Company and the Operating Partnership during each quarter, and shall deliver such statement to the Company and the Operating Partnership within 45 days after the end of each quarter.
11. OTHER SERVICES. Should the Board request that the Advisor or any director, officer or employee thereof render services for the Company and the Operating Partnership other than set forth in Section 3, such services shall be separately compensated at such rates and in such amounts as are agreed upon by the Advisor and the Board, including a majority of the Independent Directors, subject to the limitations contained in the Articles of Incorporation, and shall not be deemed to be services pursuant to the terms of this Agreement.
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12. REIMBURSEMENT TO THE ADVISOR. The Company shall not reimburse the Advisor at the end of any fiscal quarter in which Total Operating Expenses for the four consecutive fiscal quarters then ended (the “ Expense Year ”) exceed (the “ Excess Amount ”) the greater of 2% of Average Invested Assets or 25% of Net Income (the “ 2%/25% Guidelines ”) for such year. Any Excess Amount paid to the Advisor during a fiscal quarter shall be repaid to the Company or, at the option of the Company, subtracted from the Total Operating Expenses reimbursed during the subsequent fiscal quarter. If there is an Excess Amount in any Expense Year and the Independent Directors determine that such excess was justified based on unusual and nonrecurring factors which they deem sufficient, then the Excess Amount may be carried over and included in Total Operating Expenses in subsequent Expense Years and reimbursed to the Advisor in one or more of such years, provided that there shall be sent to the Stockholders a written disclosure of such fact, together with an explanation of the factors the Independent Directors considered in determining that such excess expenses were justified. Such determination shall be reflected in the minutes of the meetings of the Board. All figures used in the foregoing computation shall be determined in accordance with GAAP applied on a consistent basis.
13. BUSINESS COMBINATION.
(a) Business Combination with Advisor . The Company shall consider becoming a self-administered REIT once the Company’s assets and income are, in the view of the Board, of sufficient size such that internalizing the management functions performed by the Advisor is in the best interests of the Company and the Stockholders. If the Board should make this determination in the future, the Company shall pay one-half, and the Advisor shall pay the other one-half, of the cost of an independent investment banking firm, which shall jointly advise the Company and the Advisor on the value of the Advisor. After the investment banking firm completes its analyses, the Company shall require it to prepare a written report and make a formal presentation to the Board. Following the presentation by the investment banking firm, the Board shall form a special committee (the “ Special Committee ”) comprised entirely of Independent Directors to consider a possible business combination with the Advisor. The Board shall, subject to applicable law, delegate all of its decision-making power and authority to the Special Committee with respect to matters relating to a possible business combination with the Advisor. The Special Committee also shall be authorized to retain its own financial advisors and legal counsel to, among other things, negotiate with representatives of the Advisor regarding a possible business combination with the Advisor.
(b) Conditions to Completion of Business Combination with Advisor. Before the Company may complete any business combination with the Advisor in accordance with this Section 13, the following conditions shall be satisfied:
(i) the Special Committee formed in accordance with Section 13(a) hereof receives an opinion from a qualified investment banking firm, separate and distinct from the firm jointly retained by the Company and the Advisor to provide a valuation analysis in accordance with Section 13(a) hereof, concluding that the consideration to be paid to acquire the Advisor is fair to the Stockholders from a financial point of view;
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(ii) the Board determines that such business combination is advisable and in the best interests of the Company and the Stockholders; and
(iii) such business combination is approved by the Stockholders entitled to vote thereon in accordance with the Company’s Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws.
14. OTHER ACTIVITIES OF THE ADVISOR. Nothing herein contained shall prevent the Advisor or any of its Affiliates from engaging in or earning fees from other activities, including, without limitation, the rendering of advice to other Persons (including other REITs) and the management of other programs advised, sponsored or organized by the Advisor or its Affiliates; nor shall this Agreement limit or restrict the right of any director, officer, member, partner, employee, or stockholder of the Advisor or its Affiliates to engage in or earn fees from any other business or to render services of any kind to any other partnership, corporation, firm, individual, trust or association and earn fees for rendering such services; provided, however, that the Advisor must devote sufficient resources to the Company’s business to discharge its obligations to the Company under this Agreement. The Advisor may, with respect to any investment in which the Company is a participant, also render advice and service to each and every other participant therein, and earn fees for rendering such advice and service. Specifically, it is contemplated that the Company may enter into joint ventures or other similar co-investment arrangements with certain Persons, and pursuant to the agreements governing such joint ventures or arrangements, the Advisor may be engaged to provide advice and service to such Persons, in which case the Advisor will earn fees for rendering such advice and service.
The Advisor shall report to the Board the existence of any condition or circumstance, existing or anticipated, of which it has knowledge, which creates or could create a conflict of interest between the Advisor’s obligations to the Company and its obligations to or its interest in any other partnership, corporation, firm, individual, trust or association. The Advisor or its Affiliates shall promptly disclose to the Board knowledge of such condition or circumstance. If the Advisor, Director or Affiliates thereof have sponsored other investment programs with similar investment objectives which have investment funds available at the same time as the Company, the Advisor shall inform the Board of the method to be applied by the Advisor in allocating investment opportunities among the Company and competing investment entities and shall provide regular updates to the Board of the investment opportunities provided by the Advisor to competing programs in order for the Board (including the Independent Directors) to fulfill its duty to ensure that the Advisor and its Affiliates use their best efforts to apply such method fairly to the Company.
15. THE BLUEROCK NAME. The Advisor and its Affiliates have a proprietary interest in the name “Bluerock.” The Advisor hereby grants to the Company a non-transferable, non-assignable, non-exclusive, royalty-free right and license to use the name “Bluerock” during the term of this Agreement. Accordingly, and in recognition of this right, if at any time the Company ceases to retain the Advisor or one of its Affiliates to perform advisory services for the Company, the Company will, promptly after receipt of written request from the Advisor, cease to conduct business under or use the name “Bluerock” or any derivative thereof and the Company shall change its name and the names of any of its subsidiaries to a name that does not contain the name “Bluerock” or any other word or words that might, in the reasonable discretion of the
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Advisor, be susceptible of indication of some form of relationship between the Company and the Advisor or any its Affiliates. At such time, the Company will also make any changes to any trademarks, servicemarks or other marks necessary to remove any references to the word “Bluerock.” Consistent with the foregoing, it is specifically recognized that the Advisor or one or more of its Affiliates has in the past and may in the future organize, sponsor or otherwise permit to exist other investment vehicles (including vehicles for investment in real estate) and financial and service organizations having “Bluerock” as a part of their name, all without the need for any consent (and without the right to object thereto) by the Company.
16. TERM OF AGREEMENT. This Agreement shall continue in force for a period of one year from the date of the Prospectus pursuant to which the initial Offering is made, subject to an unlimited number of successive one-year renewals upon mutual consent of the parties.
17. TERMINATION BY THE PARTIES. This Agreement may be terminated upon 60 days written notice without Cause and without penalty by the Independent Directors of the Company or the Advisor. The provisions of Sections 18 through 31 of this Agreement survive termination of this Agreement.
18. ASSIGNMENT TO AN AFFILIATE. This Agreement may be assigned by the Advisor to an Affiliate with the approval of a majority of the Directors (including a majority of the Independent Directors). The Advisor may assign any rights to receive fees or other payments under this Agreement to any Person without obtaining the approval of the Directors. This Agreement shall not be assigned by the Company or the Operating Partnership without the consent of the Advisor, except in the case of an assignment by the Company or the Operating Partnership to a corporation, limited partnership or other organization which is a successor to all of the assets, rights and obligations of the Company or the Operating Partnership, in which case such successor organization shall be bound hereunder and by the terms of said assignment in the same manner as the Company and the Operating Partnership are bound by this Agreement.
19. PAYMENTS TO AND DUTIES OF ADVISOR UPON TERMINATION.
(a) After the Termination Date, the Advisor shall not be entitled to compensation for further services hereunder except it shall be entitled to receive from the Company or the Operating Partnership within 30 days after the effective date of such termination all unpaid reimbursements of expenses and all earned but unpaid fees payable to the Advisor prior to termination of this Agreement, subject to the 2%/25% Guidelines to the extent applicable.
(b) The Advisor shall promptly upon termination:
(i) pay over to the Company and the Operating Partnership all money collected and held for the account of the Company and the Operating Partnership pursuant to this Agreement, after deducting any accrued compensation and reimbursement for its expenses to which it is then entitled;
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(ii) deliver to the Board a full accounting, including a statement showing all payments collected by it and a statement of all money held by it, covering the period following the date of the last accounting furnished to the Board;
(iii) deliver to the Board all assets, including all Investments, and documents of the Company and the Operating Partnership then in the custody of the Advisor; and
(iv) cooperate with the Company and the Operating Partnership to provide an orderly management transition.
20. INDEMNIFICATION BY THE COMPANY AND THE OPERATING PARTNERSHIP . The Company and the Operating Partnership shall indemnify and hold harmless the Advisor and its Affiliates, including their respective directors (the “ Indemnitees ,” and each an “ Indemnitee ”), from all liability, claims, damages or losses arising in the performance of their duties hereunder, and related expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, to the extent such liability, claims, damages or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance, and to the extent that such indemnification would not be inconsistent with the laws of the State of Maryland, the Articles of Incorporation or the provisions of Section II.G of the NASAA REIT Guidelines. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Company and the Operating Partnership shall not provide for indemnification of an Indemnitee for any loss or liability suffered by such Indemnitee, nor shall they provide that an Indemnitee be held harmless for any loss or liability suffered by the Company and the Operating Partnership, unless all of the following conditions are met:
(a) the Indemnitee has determined, in good faith, that the course of conduct that caused the loss or liability was in the best interest of the Company and the Operating Partnership;
(b) the Indemnitee was acting on behalf of, or performing services for, the Company or the Operating Partnership;
(c) such liability or loss was not the result of negligence or misconduct by the Indemnitee; and
(d) such indemnification or agreement to hold harmless is recoverable only out of the Company’s net assets and not from the Stockholders.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, an Indemnitee shall not be indemnified by the Company and the Operating Partnership for any losses, liabilities or expenses arising from or out of an alleged violation of federal or state securities laws by such Indemnitee unless one or more of the following conditions are met:
(a) there has been a successful adjudication on the merits of each count involving alleged securities law violations as to the Indemnitee;
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(b) such claims have been dismissed with prejudice on the merits by a court of competent jurisdiction as to the Indemnitee; or
(c) a court of competent jurisdiction approves a settlement of the claims against the Indemnitee and finds that indemnification of the settlement and the related costs should be made, and the court considering the request for indemnification has been advised of the position of the Securities and Exchange Commission and of the published position of any state securities regulatory authority in which securities of the Company or the Operating Partnership were offered or sold as to indemnification for violation of securities laws.
In addition, the advancement of the Company’s or the Operating Partnership’s funds to an Indemnitee for legal expenses and other costs incurred as a result of any legal action for which indemnification is being sought is permissible only if all of the following conditions are satisfied:
(a) the legal action relates to acts or omissions with respect to the performance of duties or services on behalf of the Company or the Operating Partnership;
(b) the legal action is initiated by a third party who is not a Stockholder or the legal action is initiated by a Stockholder acting in such Stockholder’s capacity as such and a court of competent jurisdiction specifically approves such advancement; and
(c) the Indemnitee undertakes to repay the advanced funds to the Company or the Operating Partnership, together with the applicable legal rate of interest thereon, in cases in which such Indemnitee is found not to be entitled to indemnification.
21. INDEMNIFICATION BY ADVISOR. The Advisor shall indemnify and hold harmless the Company and the Operating Partnership from contract or other liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses including attorneys’ fees, to the extent that such liability, claims, damages, taxes or losses and related expenses are not fully reimbursed by insurance and are incurred by reason of the Advisor’s bad faith, fraud, intentional misconduct, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its duties; provided, however, that the Advisor shall not be held responsible for any action of the Board in following or declining to follow any advice or recommendation given by the Advisor.
22. NON-SOLICITATION. During the period commencing on the Effective Date and ending one year following the Termination Date, the Company shall not, without the Advisor’s prior written consent, directly or indirectly (a) solicit or encourage any person to leave the employment or other service of the Advisor or its Affiliates; or (b) hire any person within the one year period following the termination of such person’s employment with the Advisor or its Affiliates. During the period commencing on the date hereof through and ending one year following the Termination Date, the Company will not, whether for its own account or for the account of any other Person, intentionally interfere with the relationship of the Advisor or its Affiliates with, or endeavor to entice away from the Advisor or its Affiliates, any person who during the term of the Agreement is, or during the preceding one-year period, was a tenant, co-investor, co-developer, joint venturer or other customer of the Advisor or its Affiliates.
23. NOTICES. Any notice, report or other communication required or permitted to be given hereunder shall be in writing unless some other method of giving such notice, report or other communication is required by the Articles of Incorporation, the Bylaws, or accepted by
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the party to whom it is given, and shall be given by being delivered by hand, by facsimile transmission, by courier or overnight carrier or by registered or certified mail to the addresses set forth herein:
Any party may at any time give notice in writing to the other parties of a change in its address for the purposes of this Section 22.
24. MODIFICATION. This Agreement shall not be changed, modified, terminated, or discharged, in whole or in part, except by an instrument in writing signed by the parties hereto, or their respective successors or assignees.
25. SEVERABILITY. The provisions of this Agreement are independent of and severable from each other, and no provision shall be affected or rendered invalid or unenforceable by virtue of the fact that for any reason any other or others of them may be invalid or unenforceable in whole or in part.
26. CONSTRUCTION. The provisions of this Agreement shall be construed and interpreted in accordance with the laws of the State of Maryland.
27. ENTIRE AGREEMENT. This Agreement contains the entire agreement and understanding among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, and supersedes all prior and contemporaneous agreements, understandings, inducements and conditions, express or implied, oral or written, of any nature whatsoever with respect to the subject matter hereof. The express terms hereof control and
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supersede any course of performance or usage of the trade inconsistent with any of the terms hereof. This Agreement may not be modified or amended other than by an agreement in writing.
28. INDULGENCES, NOT WAIVERS. Neither the failure nor any delay on the part of a party to exercise any right, remedy, power or privilege under this Agreement shall operate as a waiver thereof, nor shall any single or partial exercise of any right, remedy, power or privilege preclude any other or further exercise of the same or of any other right, remedy, power or privilege, nor shall any waiver of any right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any occurrence be construed as a waiver of such right, remedy, power or privilege with respect to any other occurrence. No waiver shall be effective unless it is in writing and is signed by the party asserted to have granted such waiver.
29. GENDER. Words used herein regardless of the number and gender specifically used, shall be deemed and construed to include any other number, singular or plural, and any other gender, masculine, feminine or neuter, as the context requires.
30. TITLES NOT TO AFFECT INTERPRETATION. The titles of Sections and Subsections contained in this Agreement are for convenience only, and they neither form a part of this Agreement nor are they to be used in the construction or interpretation hereof.
31. EXECUTION IN COUNTERPARTS. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original as against any party whose signature appears thereon, and all of which shall together constitute one and the same instrument. This Agreement shall become binding when one or more counterparts hereof, individually or taken together, shall bear the signatures of all of the parties reflected hereon as the signatories.
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Advisory Agreement as of the date and year first written above.
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. | ||
By: | /s/ R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Name: | R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Holdings, L.P. | ||
By: | Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Trust, Inc. its | |
General Partner | ||
By: | /s/ R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Name: | R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer | |
Bluerock Enhanced Multifamily Advisor, LLC | ||
By: | Bluerock Real Estate, L.L.C. | |
By: | /s/ R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Name: | R. Ramin Kamfar | |
Title: | Chief Executive Officer |
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