AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON JUNE 1, 1998
REGISTRATION NO. 333-
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
---------------- DELAWARE 3670 77-0203595 (STATE OR OTHER (PRIMARY STANDARD INDUSTRIAL (I.R.S. EMPLOYER JURISDICTION OF CLASSIFICATION CODE NUMBER) IDENTIFICATION NO.) INCORPORATION OR ORGANIZATION) ---------------- 4015 MIRANDA AVENUE PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94304 (650) 855-7400 |
(ADDRESS, INCLUDING ZIP CODE, AND TELEPHONE NUMBER,
INCLUDING AREA CODE, OF REGISTRANT'S PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES)
COPIES TO:
LARRY W. SONSINI, ESQ. THOMAS A. BEVILACQUA, ESQ. JOHN V. ROOS, ESQ. CURTIS L. MO, ESQ. KATHLEEN B. BLOCH, ESQ. PETER S. BUCKLAND, ESQ. WILSON SONSINI GOODRICH & ROSATI, P.C. BROBECK, PHLEGER & HARRISON LLP 650 PAGE MILL ROAD TWO EMBARCADERO PLACE PALO ALTO, CA 94304 2200 GENG ROAD (650) 493-9300 PALO ALTO, CA 94303 (650) 424-0160 ---------------- |
APPROXIMATE DATE OF COMMENCEMENT OF PROPOSED SALE TO THE PUBLIC: As soon as
practicable after the effective date of this Registration Statement.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, check the following box: [_]
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. [_]
If delivery of the prospectus is expected to be made pursuant to Rule 434, please check the following box. [_]
PROPOSED PROPOSED TITLE OF EACH CLASS OF MAXIMUM MAXIMUM SECURITIES AMOUNT TO OFFERING PRICE AGGREGATE AMOUNT OF TO BE REGISTERED BE REGISTERED(1) PER SECURITY(2) OFFERING PRICE(2) REGISTRATION FEE -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Common Stock, $.01 par value................. 5,750,000 shares $9.00 $51,750,000 $15,266 |
THE REGISTRANT HEREBY AMENDS THIS REGISTRATION STATEMENT ON SUCH DATE OR
DATES AS MAY BE NECESSARY TO DELAY ITS EFFECTIVE DATE UNTIL THE REGISTRANT
SHALL FILE A FURTHER AMENDMENT WHICH SPECIFICALLY STATES THAT THIS
REGISTRATION STATEMENT SHALL THEREAFTER BECOME EFFECTIVE IN ACCORDANCE WITH
SECTION 8(A) OF THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 OR UNTIL THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT
SHALL BECOME EFFECTIVE ON SUCH DATE AS THE COMMISSION, ACTING PURSUANT TO SAID
SECTION 8(A), MAY DETERMINE.
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
+INFORMATION CONTAINED HEREIN IS SUBJECT TO COMPLETION OR AMENDMENT. A + +REGISTRATION STATEMENT RELATING TO THESE SECURITIES HAS BEEN FILED WITH THE + +SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION. THESE SECURITIES MAY NOT BE SOLD NOR MAY + +OFFERS TO BUY BE ACCEPTED PRIOR TO THE TIME THE REGISTRATION STATEMENT + +BECOMES EFFECTIVE. THIS PROSPECTUS SHALL NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFER TO SELL OR + +THE SOLICITATION OF AN OFFER TO BUY NOR SHALL THERE BE ANY SALE OF THESE + +SECURITIES IN ANY STATE IN WHICH SUCH OFFER, SOLICITATION OR SALE WOULD BE + |
+UNLAWFUL PRIOR TO THE REGISTRATION OR QUALIFICATION UNDER THE SECURITIES LAWS +
+OF ANY SUCH STATE. +
++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
SUBJECT TO COMPLETION, DATED JUNE 1, 1998
5,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO OF ECHELON(R)]
COMMON STOCK
All of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby are being sold by Echelon Corporation ("Echelon" or the "Company"). Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Common Stock of the Company. It is currently estimated that the initial public offering price will be between $7.00 and $9.00 per share. See "Underwriting" for a discussion of the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price. The Company has applied for quotation of its Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol ELON.
THIS OFFERING INVOLVES A HIGH DEGREE OF RISK. SEE "RISK FACTORS" COMMENCING ON PAGE 5 FOR A DISCUSSION OF CERTAIN FACTORS THAT SHOULD BE CONSIDERED BY PROSPECTIVE PURCHASERS OF THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY.
THESE SECURITIES HAVE NOT BEEN APPROVED OR DISAPPROVED BY THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION NOR HAS THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION OR ANY STATE SECURITIES COMMISSION PASSED UPON THE ACCURACY OR ADEQUACY OF THIS PROSPECTUS. ANY REPRESENTATION TO THE CONTRARY IS A CRIMINAL OFFENSE.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Price to Underwriting Proceeds to Public Discount(1) Company(2) -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Per Share..................................... $ $ $ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total(3)...................................... $ $ $ -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
(1) See "Underwriting" for information concerning indemnification of the Underwriters and other matters.
(2) Before deducting offering expenses payable by the Company estimated at $700,000.
(3) The Company has granted to the Underwriters a 30-day option to purchase up to 750,000 additional shares of Common Stock solely to cover over- allotments, if any. If the Underwriters exercise this option in full, the Price to Public will total $ , the Underwriting Discount will total $ and the Proceeds to Company will total $ . See "Underwriting."
The shares of Common Stock are offered by the several Underwriters named herein, subject to receipt and acceptance by them and subject to their right to reject any orders in whole or in part. It is expected that delivery of the certificates representing such shares will be made against payment therefor at the office of NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC, on or about , 1998.
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
BancAmerica Robertson Stephens
Volpe Brown Whelan & Company
, 1998
[Photographs and brief description depicting industries that use the Company's products]
[Schematic depicting the transition from closed systems to open, distributed networks]
CERTAIN PERSONS PARTICIPATING IN THIS OFFERING MAY ENGAGE IN TRANSACTIONS THAT STABILIZE, MAINTAIN OR OTHERWISE AFFECT THE PRICE OF THE COMMON STOCK OFFERED HEREBY. SUCH TRANSACTIONS MAY INCLUDE STABILIZING, THE PURCHASE OF COMMON STOCK TO COVER SYNDICATE SHORT POSITIONS AND THE IMPOSITION OF PENALTY BIDS. FOR A DESCRIPTION OF THESE ACTIVITIES, SEE "UNDERWRITING."
Echelon, LonBuilder, LonMaker, LonMark, LonPoint, LonTalk, LonUsers, LonWorks, Neuron and NodeBuilder are trademarks, registered trademarks, service marks or registered service marks of the Company. This Prospectus also includes product names, trade names and trademarks of other companies.
PROSPECTUS SUMMARY
The following summary is qualified in its entirety by the more detailed information, including "Risk Factors" and the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto, appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. This Prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of the Company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions, and actual results may differ materially from those anticipated in such forward-looking statements. Unless otherwise noted, all information in this Prospectus assumes (i) the conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company's Preferred Stock into Common Stock on a one- for-one basis upon the closing of this offering and (ii) no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option. As used in this Prospectus, unless the context otherwise requires, the "Company" and "Echelon" refer to the Company and its subsidiaries.
THE COMPANY
Echelon develops, markets and supports a family of hardware and software products and services that enables original equipment manufacturers ("OEMs") and systems integrators to design and implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. A control network enables any group of electrical devices, called nodes, to be linked together to implement sensing, monitoring, control and communications capabilities for a variety of applications. Control networks, an alternative to the traditional approach of centralized control, offer decreased costs of installation and maintenance and the ability to implement multi-vendor systems, thereby increasing competition while providing expanded features, flexibility and functionality. Echelon's control networking technology allows intelligence and communications capabilities to be embedded into individual control devices that can be connected together through a variety of communications media, such as a twisted pair of wires (data cable) and the existing power lines in a facility. The intelligent, networked control devices are then able to communicate with each other, peer-to-peer, to perform the desired control functions. In effect, the network becomes the controller, eliminating the need for central controllers, significantly reducing wiring costs and enhancing system functionality and flexibility.
Control systems manage key functions in virtually every type of facility that affects our daily lives. These functions can be as simple as turning a light on and off and as complex as operating a chemical production line. Traditionally, most control systems have incorporated closed, centrally-controlled architectures, where the intelligence is in the central controller and complex wiring and customization are required for communication. These traditional control systems share many of the same drawbacks of centralized computing architectures that rely upon mainframes and minicomputers to communicate to "dumb" terminals that lack independent processing capabilities. These disadvantages, which include high installation and life-cycle costs, limited functionality and scalability, and a single point of failure, have limited the market opportunity for control systems because end-users find it costly and difficult to adapt these systems to their changing needs. To overcome these limitations, OEMs, systems integrators and end-users are increasingly moving from closed centrally-controlled systems towards open, distributed control networks.
The Company offers a comprehensive set of products and services, including transceivers, control modules, routers, network interfaces, development tools and software tools and toolkits, that provide the infrastructure and support required to build and implement multi-vendor, open, interoperable, control network solutions. The Company's products are based on its LonWorks networking technology, an open standard for interoperable networked control. The Company's objective is to establish its LonWorks technology and products as the leading solution for networked control applications. To achieve this goal, the Company intends to extend its technological expertise, target industry-leading OEM customers, develop a systems integrator distribution channel, integrate LonWorks control networks with enterprise data networks and leverage international market opportunities.
The Company markets its products and services to OEMs and systems integrators in the building, industrial, transportation, home and other automation markets. The Company sells primarily through a direct sales force in North America and other countries where it has operations, and augments its direct sales efforts with distributors in Europe, Japan and Asia Pacific. Representative customers include Bombardier Inc. ("Bombardier"), Edwards High Vacuum International Ltd. ("Edwards"), Fuji Electric Company Limited ("Fuji Electric"), Hitachi Limited ("Hitachi"), Honeywell, Inc. ("Honeywell"), Johnson Controls, Inc. ("Johnson Controls"), Kawasaki Limited ("Kawasaki"), Landis & Staefa, Staefa Control System Corporation ("Landis & Staefa") and Raytheon Company ("Raytheon").
The Company was incorporated in California in 1988 and reincorporated in Delaware in 1989. The Company's principal executive offices are located at 4015 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, and its telephone number is (650) 855-7400.
THE OFFERING
Common Stock offered by the Company.......... 5,000,000 shares Common Stock to be outstanding after the of- fering...................................... 32,125,612 shares(1) Use of proceeds.............................. For general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. See "Use of Proceeds." Proposed Nasdaq National Market symbol....... ELON |
SUMMARY CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL INFORMATION
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA)
THREE MONTHS ENDED YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, MARCH 31, ---------------------------------------------- ---------------- 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 -------- -------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: (UNAUDITED) Revenues: Product................ $ 10,104 $ 14,368 $20,183 $ 20,708 $24,665 $ 6,548 $ 7,188 Service................ 1,441 2,364 3,160 3,282 3,637 926 771 -------- -------- ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues......... 11,545 16,732 23,343 23,990 28,302 7,474 7,959 Gross profit........... 6,791 8,993 12,768 12,087 14,731 3,908 4,167 Loss from operations... (11,273) (10,250) (9,854) (10,937) (8,522) (1,944) (1,757) Net loss............... $(11,133) $ (9,483) $(8,713) $(10,716) $(8,214) $(1,907) $(1,737) Basic net loss per share(2).............. $ (0.85) $ (0.67) $ (0.56) $ (0.62) $ (0.44) $ (0.10) $ (0.09) Shares used in comput- ing basic net loss per share(2).............. 13,038 14,060 15,695 17,354 18,603 18,511 19,029 Pro forma basic net loss per share(2)..... $ (0.32) $ (0.08) $ (0.06) Shares used in comput- ing pro forma basic net loss per share(2).............. 25,756 24,399 26,916 |
MARCH 31, 1998 ------------------- AS ACTUAL ADJUSTED(3) ------- ----------- (UNAUDITED) CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: Cash and cash equivalents.................................. $ 5,165 $41,665 Working capital............................................ 7,376 43,876 Total assets............................................... 15,695 52,195 Total stockholders' equity................................. 7,482 43,982 |
RISK FACTORS
This offering involves a high degree of risk. In addition to the other information set forth in this Prospectus, the following risk factors should be considered carefully in evaluating the Company and its business before purchasing any shares of the Company's Common Stock. This Prospectus contains certain forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties, such as statements of the Company's plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. The cautionary statements made in this Prospectus should be read as being applicable to all related forward-looking statements wherever they appear in this Prospectus. The Company's actual results could differ materially from those discussed in this Prospectus. Factors that could cause or contribute to such differences include those discussed below, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this Prospectus.
HISTORY OF LOSSES; ACCUMULATED DEFICIT; ANTICIPATED CONTINUING LOSSES; UNCERTAINTY OF FUTURE OPERATING RESULTS
The Company has incurred net losses each year since its inception, including losses of $8.7 million, $10.7 million and $8.2 million for the fiscal years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively. At March 31, 1998, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $86.4 million. The Company continues to invest significant financial resources in product development, marketing and sales, and to the extent such expenditures do not result in significant increases in revenues, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected. Due to the limited history and undetermined market acceptance of many of the Company's products and technologies, the rapidly evolving nature of the Company's business and markets, potential changes in voluntary product standards that significantly influence many of the markets for the Company's products, the high level of competition in the industries in which the Company operates and the other factors described elsewhere in "Risk Factors," there can be no assurance that the Company's investment in these areas will result in increases in revenues or that any revenue growth that is achieved can be sustained. Any revenue growth that the Company has achieved or may achieve may not be indicative of future operating results. In addition, the Company's history of losses, together with the factors described under "--Fluctuations in Operating Results," make future operating results difficult to predict. The Company and its prospects must be considered in light of the risks, costs and difficulties frequently encountered by emerging companies. As a result, there can be no assurance that the Company will be profitable in any future period. Future operating results will depend on many factors, including the growth of the markets for the Company's products, the acceptance of the Company's products, the level of competition, the ability of the Company to develop and market new products, and general economic conditions. In view of the uncertainties identified herein, the Company believes that period-to-period comparisons of financial results are not necessarily meaningful and should not be relied upon as an indication of future performance. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for Federal and state income tax reporting purposes of approximately $76.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 1997, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million, which expire at various dates through 2012. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, contains provisions that may limit the use in any future period of net operating loss and credit carryforwards upon the occurrence of certain events, including a significant change in ownership interests. The Company had deferred tax assets, including its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits, totaling approximately $33.6 million as of December 31, 1997. A valuation allowance has been recorded for the entire deferred tax asset as a result of uncertainties regarding the realization of the asset balance, the history of losses and the variability of operating results. See "--Fluctuations in Operating Results," "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" and Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
FLUCTUATIONS IN OPERATING RESULTS
The Company has experienced, and expects to continue to experience, significant variability in its quarterly and annual results, as a result of a number of factors, many of which are outside of the Company's control. The Company believes that such variability is primarily due to the fluctuations in the rates at which OEMs purchase
the Company's products and services, the OEMs' own business cycles, the timely introduction of new products, any downturns in any customer's or potential customer's business, the Company's ability to anticipate and effectively adapt to developing markets and rapidly changing or new technologies and distribution channels, increased competition, market acceptance of the Company's products, product life cycles, order delays or cancellations, changes in the mix of products and services sold by the Company, shipment and payment schedules, changes in pricing policy by the Company or its competitors, changes in product distribution, product ratings by industry analysts and endorsement of competing products by industry groups. Declines in general economic conditions could also precipitate significant reductions in capital spending, which could, in turn, affect orders for the Company's products. The Company's expense levels are based, in significant part, on expectations of future revenues. Consequently, if revenue levels are below expectations, expense levels could be disproportionately high as a percentage of total revenues, and operating results would be immediately and adversely affected. The Company has failed to meet its expectations of future revenues in the past. As a result of these and other factors, the Company believes that its revenues and operating results are difficult to predict and are subject to fluctuations from period to period, and that period-to-period comparisons of its results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. See "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations."
DEPENDENCE ON OEMS AND DISTRIBUTION CHANNELS
The rate at which the Company's products are used in control networks is primarily subject to product and marketing decisions made by OEMs. The Company believes that since OEMs in certain industries receive a large portion of their revenues from sales of products and services to their installed base, such OEMs have tended to moderate the rate at which they incorporate LonWorks technology into their products. The Company has attempted to motivate OEMs, as well as systems integrators and owners of control systems, to effect a more rapid transition to LonWorks technology. Furthermore, OEMs that manufacture and promote products and technologies that compete or may compete with the Company may be particularly reluctant to employ the Company's products and technologies to any significant extent, if at all. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to improve the current rate of acceptance or usage of its products by OEMs and others, or that such usage will not decrease over time. The failure to increase acceptance or usage of the Company's products, or any decrease in usage of its products, would have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company. See "Business--Competition."
Currently, a significant portion of the Company's revenues are derived from sales by EBV Elektronik GmbH ("EBV"), the sole independent distributor of the Company's products to OEMs in Europe since December 1997. EBV accounted for 12.0%, 10.9% and 20.6% of the Company's total revenues in fiscal 1995, 1997 and the three months ended March 31, 1998, respectively. The Company's agreement with EBV expires in November 1998. In addition, as part of its distribution strategy, the Company intends to develop distribution arrangements with systems integrators. In particular, the Company expects that a significant portion of its future revenues will be derived from sales by such systems integrators. Any failure by EBV or any other existing or future distributor to dedicate sufficient resources and efforts to the marketing and selling of the Company's products, or to generate significant revenues for the Company, could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Also, the failure of the Company to develop new distribution channels, to maintain the EBV arrangement or any other distribution channels, or to renew the EBV arrangement on a timely basis, would result in reduced or delayed revenues, increased operating expenses and loss of customer goodwill, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company. See "Business--Sales and Marketing."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY MANUFACTURERS
The Neuron Chip is an important component used by the Company's customers in control network nodes. In addition, the Neuron Chip is an important device used in many of the Company's products. Neuron Chips are manufactured and distributed by both Motorola, Inc. ("Motorola") and Toshiba Corporation ("Toshiba"). The Company has entered into licensing agreements with each of Motorola and Toshiba. The agreements, among other things, grant Motorola and Toshiba the worldwide right to manufacture and distribute Neuron Chips using
technology licensed from the Company and require the Company to provide support and unspecified updates to the licensed technology over the terms of the agreements. While the Company developed the first version of the Neuron Chip, Motorola and Toshiba subsequently developed improved, lower-cost versions of the Neuron Chip that are presently utilized in products developed and sold by the Company and its customers. The Company has neither the resources nor the skills to replace either Motorola or Toshiba as a designer, manufacturer or distributor of Neuron Chips. Motorola and Toshiba have played, and are expected to continue to play, a key role in the development and marketing of LonWorks technology. The loss of either Motorola or Toshiba as a supplier of the Neuron Chip would have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company, and in such event there can be no assurance that the Company would be able to locate an alternate source for the design, manufacture or distribution of Neuron Chips. See "Business--Products and Services," "--Strategic Alliances," "-- Manufacturing" and "Certain Transactions."
The Company's future success will also depend, in significant part, on its ability to successfully manufacture its products cost-effectively and in sufficient volumes. For certain key products, the Company utilizes outsourced manufacturers including GET Manufacturing, Inc. ("GET"), Hi-Tech Manufacturing, Inc. ("Hi-Tech"), muRata Electronics North America, Inc. ("muRata") and Quadrus Manufacturing Division of Bell Microproducts, Inc. ("Quadrus"). These outsourced manufacturers procure material and assemble, test and inspect the final products to the Company's specifications. Such a strategy involves certain risks, including the potential absence of adequate capacity and reduced control over delivery schedules, product availability, manufacturing yields, quality and costs. In addition, several key components are currently purchased only from sole or limited sources. Any interruption in the supply of these products or components, or the inability of the Company to procure these products or components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable time, could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Manufacturing."
COMPETITION
Competition in the Company's markets is intense and involves rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and rapid changes in customer requirements. To maintain and improve its competitive position, the Company must continue to develop and introduce, on a timely and cost-effective basis, new products, features and services that keep pace with the evolving needs of its customers. The principal competitive factors affecting the markets for the Company's control network products are customer service and support, product reputation, quality, performance, price and product features such as adaptability, scalability, ability to integrate with other products, functionality and ease of use. The Company believes it has in the past generally competed favorably with offerings of its competitors on the basis of these factors. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to be able to compete effectively based on these or any other competitive factors in the future.
In each of its markets, the Company competes with a wide array of manufacturers, vendors, strategic alliances, systems developers and other businesses. The Company's competitors include some of the largest companies in the electronics industry, such as Siemens AG ("Siemens") in the building and industrial automation industries and Allen-Bradley, a subsidiary of Rockwell International ("Allen-Bradley"), and Groupe Schneider ("Schneider") in the industrial automation industry. Many of the Company's competitors, alone or together with their trade associations and partners, have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, service and other resources, significantly greater name recognition and broader product offerings. As a result, such competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, marketing and sale of their products, and may be able to respond more quickly to changes in customer requirements or product technology. In addition, those competitors that manufacture and promote closed, proprietary control systems may enjoy a captive customer base dependent on such competitors for service, maintenance, upgrades and enhancements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors, or that competition will not have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results or financial condition of the Company.
Many of the Company's current and prospective competitors are dedicated to promoting closed or proprietary systems, technologies, software and network protocols or product standards that differ from, or are incompatible with, those of the Company. In some cases, companies have established associations or cooperative relationships to enhance the competitiveness and popularity of their products, or to promote such different or incompatible technologies, protocols and standards. For example, in the building automation market, the Company faces widespread reluctance by vendors of traditional closed or proprietary control systems (who enjoy a captive market for servicing and replacing equipment) to utilize the Company's interoperable technologies, as well as strong competition by large trade associations that promote alternative technologies and standards in their native countries, such as the BatiBus Club International in France and the European Installation Bus Association in Germany (each of which has over 100 members and licensees). Other examples include the CEBus Industry Council, which is the proponent of an alternative protocol to the Company's LonTalk protocol for use in the home automation industry, and a group comprised of Asea Brown Boveri, ADtranz AB, Siemens, GEC Alstrom and other manufacturers that support an alternative rail transportation protocol to the Company's LonTalk protocol. There can be no assurance that the Company's technologies, protocols or standards will be successful in any of its markets, or that the Company will be able to compete with new or enhanced products or standards introduced by existing or future competitors. Any increase in competition or failure by the Company to effectively compete with new or enhanced products or standards could result in fewer customer orders, price reductions, reduced order size, reduced operating margins and loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results or financial condition of the Company. See "Business--Competition."
LonWorks technology is open, meaning that many of the Company's key technology patents are broadly licensed without royalties or license fees. As a result, the Company's customers are capable of developing products that compete with some of the Company's products. Because some of the Company's customers are OEMs that develop and market their own control systems, these customers in particular could develop competing products based on the Company's open technology. This could decrease the market for the Company's products, increase competition, and have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business-- Products and Services."
DEPENDENCE ON KEY PERSONNEL
The Company's performance is substantially dependent on the performance of its executive officers and key employees. The loss of the services of any of the Company's executive officers or key employees could have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company. The Company is particularly dependent upon its Chief Executive Officer, as well as its technical personnel, due to the specialized technical nature of the Company's business. The Company's future success will depend on its ability to attract, integrate, motivate and retain qualified technical, sales, operations and managerial personnel. There is intense competition for qualified personnel in the areas of the Company's activities, and there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to continue to attract and retain qualified executive officers and key personnel necessary for the development and success of its business. Currently, only Frederik Bruggink, the Company's Vice President, Europe, Middle East and Africa, is bound by an employment agreement. If the Company is unable to hire personnel on a timely basis in the future, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition will be materially and adversely affected. In addition, the departure or replacement of key personnel could be disruptive, lead to additional departures and therefore have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company maintains and is the beneficiary of life insurance policies in the amount of $2.5 million covering each of M. Kenneth Oshman, its Chief Executive Officer, Beatrice Yormark, its Vice President of Sales and Marketing, and Oliver R. Stanfield, its Chief Financial Officer. There can be no assurance that such proceeds would be sufficient to compensate the Company in the event of the death of Mr. Oshman, Ms. Yormark or Mr. Stanfield. See "Management."
NEW PRODUCTS AND RAPID TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
Customer requirements for control network products can change as a result of innovations or changes within the building, industrial, transportation, home and other industries. For example, the adoption of new or different
standards within industry segments may give rise to new customer requirements, which may or may not be compatible with the Company's current or future product offerings. The Company's future success depends in large part on its ability to continue to enhance existing products, lower product cost and develop new products that maintain technological competitiveness. There can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in modifying its products and services to address these requirements and standards. For example, certain of the Company's competitors may develop competing technologies based on Internet protocols that may have advantages over the Company's products in remote connection. If the Company is unable, for technological or other reasons, to develop new products or enhancements of existing products in a timely manner to respond to changing market conditions, competitive factors and customer requirements, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition would be materially adversely affected. See "Business--Competition."
From time to time, the introduction of new products by the Company has been delayed beyond the Company's projected shipping date for such products. In each instance, such delays have resulted in increased costs and delayed revenues. Because future revenues are dependent on the timely introduction of new product offerings, any such future delays could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
MARKET ACCEPTANCE OF INTEROPERABILITY
The future operating success of the Company will depend, in significant part, on the successful development of interoperable products by the Company and OEMs, and the acceptance of interoperable products by systems integrators and end-users. When products or subsystems from multiple vendors can be integrated into a control system without the need to develop custom hardware or software, they are "interoperable." The Company has expended considerable resources to develop, market and sell interoperable products, and has made such products a cornerstone of its sales and marketing strategy. The Company has widely promoted interoperable products as offering benefits such as lower life-cycle costs and improved flexibility to owners and users of control networks. However, there can be no assurance that OEMs who manufacture and market closed systems will accept, promote or employ interoperable products, since doing so may expose such OEMs' businesses to increased competition. In addition, there can be no assurance that OEMs will, in fact, successfully develop interoperable products, or that OEMs' interoperable products will be accepted by their customers. The failure of OEMs to develop interoperable products, or the failure of interoperable products to achieve market acceptance, would have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company. See "--Competition" and "Business--Industry Background."
INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS; CURRENCY FLUCTUATIONS
The Company's sales and marketing operations are located in 10 countries. Revenues from international sales, which include both export sales and sales by international subsidiaries, accounted for approximately 52.0%, 53.6%, 57.5% and 57.0% of the Company's total revenues during 1995, 1996, 1997 and the three months ended March 31, 1998, respectively. The Company's operations and the market price of its products may be directly affected by economic and political conditions in the countries where the Company does business. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to maintain or increase the international demand for its products. Additional risks inherent in the Company's international business activities generally include currency fluctuations, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers, costs of localizing products for foreign countries, lack of acceptance of non-local products in foreign countries, longer accounts receivable payment cycles, difficulties in managing international operations, potentially adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on repatriation of earnings, and the burdens of complying with a wide variety of foreign laws. Differing vacation and holiday patterns in other countries, particularly in Europe, may also affect the amount of business transacted by the Company in other countries in any given quarter, the timing of the Company's revenues and its ability to forecast its projected operating results for such quarter. In 1997, approximately 10.7% of the Company's revenues were conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Japanese Yen. Fluctuations in the value of currencies in which the Company conducts its business
relative to the U.S. dollar could cause currency translation adjustments. The Company has recently experienced and in the future may experience an increase in currency translation adjustments relative to currencies of Asia Pacific countries, as well as order delays, cancellations and pricing pressure in those countries as a result of general economic conditions in that region. The forthcoming introduction of the "Euro" as the standard currency in participating European countries may also impact the ability of the Company to denominate sales transactions in U.S. dollars. To the extent that fewer of the Company's sales in Europe are denominated in U.S. dollars, the Company may experience an increase in currency translation adjustments, particularly as a result of general economic conditions in Europe as a whole. The Company does not currently engage in currency hedging transactions or otherwise cover its foreign currency exposure. There can be no assurance that such factors will not have a material adverse effect on international revenues and, consequently, the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Sales and Marketing."
LENGTHY SALES CYCLE
The sales cycle between initial customer contact and execution of a contract or license agreement with a customer can vary widely. OEMs typically conduct extensive and lengthy product evaluations before making initial purchases of the Company's products. Subsequent purchases of the Company's products may be delayed by prolonged product development and introduction periods for OEMs. Attendant delays in the Company's sales cycle can result from, among other things, changes in customers' budgets or in the priority assigned to control network development and to educating customers as to the potential applications of and cost savings associated with the Company's products. The Company generally has little or no control over these factors, which may cause a potential customer to favor a competitor's products, or to delay or forgo purchases altogether. As a result of the foregoing, the Company's ability to forecast the timing and amount of specific sales is limited, and the delay or failure to complete transactions could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition and cause the Company's operating results to vary significantly from period to period.
LIMITED PROTECTION OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS
The Company's success depends significantly upon its intellectual property rights. The Company relies on a combination of patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws, non-disclosure agreements and other contractual provisions to establish, maintain and protect its intellectual property rights, all of which afford only limited protection. The Company has 65 issued U.S. patents, 21 pending U.S. patent applications, and various foreign counterparts. There can be no assurance that patents will issue from these pending applications or from any future applications or that, if issued, any claims allowed will be sufficiently broad to protect the Company's technology. Failure of any patents to protect the Company's technology, may make it easier for the Company's competitors to offer equivalent or superior technology. The Company has registered or applied for registration for certain trademarks, and will continue to evaluate the registration of additional trademarks as appropriate. Any failure by the Company to properly register or maintain its trademarks or to otherwise take all necessary steps to protect its trademarks may diminish the value associated with the Company's trademarks. In addition, any failure by the Company to take all necessary steps to protect its trade secrets or other intellectual property rights may have a material adverse effect on the Company's ability to compete in its markets. Despite the Company's efforts to protect its proprietary rights, unauthorized parties may attempt to copy aspects of the Company's products or services or to obtain and use information that the Company regards as proprietary. There can be no assurance that any patents, trademarks, copyrights or intellectual property rights that have been or may be issued or granted will not be challenged, invalidated or circumvented, or that any rights granted thereunder would provide protection for the Company's proprietary rights. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company has taken or will take all necessary steps to protect its intellectual property rights. Third parties may also independently develop similar technology without breach of the Company's trade secrets or other proprietary rights. The Company has licensed in the past and may license in the future its key technologies to third parties. In addition, the laws of some foreign countries, including several in which the Company operates or sells its products, do not protect proprietary rights to as great an extent as do the laws of the United States. Certain of the Company's products are licensed under shrink wrap license agreements that are not signed by licensees and therefore may not be binding under the laws of certain jurisdictions.
From time to time, litigation may be necessary to defend and enforce the Company's proprietary rights. Such litigation could result in substantial costs and diversion of management resources and could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition, regardless of the final outcome. Despite the Company's efforts to safeguard and maintain its proprietary rights both in the United States and abroad, there can be no assurance that the Company will be successful in doing so or that the steps taken by the Company in this regard will be adequate to deter infringement, misuse, misappropriation or independent third-party development of the Company's technology or intellectual property rights or to prevent an unauthorized third party from copying or otherwise obtaining and using the Company's products or technology. Any of such events could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
RISKS OF PRODUCT DEFECTS OR MISUSE
Products developed, licensed and sold by the Company may contain errors or failures or may be improperly installed or implemented. There can be no assurance that errors or failures will not be found in the Company's products or that, if discovered, the Company will be able to successfully correct such errors or failures in a timely manner or at all. In addition, there can be no assurance that the Company's products will be properly installed or implemented by third parties. The occurrence of errors or failures in the Company's products and applications, or improper installation or implementation of the Company's products, could result in loss of or delay in market acceptance, increased service and warranty costs or payment of compensatory or other damages. In addition, such errors or failures may result in delays of revenue recognition by the Company and diversion of the Company's engineering resources to correct such defects. The Company maintains errors and omissions insurance to cover liability associated with its operations but there can be no assurance that any such insurance will be available or will be sufficient in amount to cover any particular claim. Although the Company's agreements with its customers typically contain provisions intended to limit the Company's exposure to potential claims as well as any liabilities arising from such claims, and may in very limited instances require that the Company be named as an additional insured under the insurance policies carried by some of its customers, such contracts and insurance may not effectively protect the Company against the liabilities and expenses associated with product errors or failures. Accordingly, errors or failures in the Company's products or applications or improper installation or implementation of the Company's products by third parties could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. In addition, because of the low cost and interoperable nature of the Company's products, LonWorks technology could be used in a manner for which it was not intended, which could lead to loss of goodwill or material financial losses for the Company, or otherwise have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
REGULATORY ACTIONS
Many of the Company's products and the industries in which they are used are subject to U.S. and foreign regulation. Government regulatory action could greatly reduce the market for the Company's products. For example, the power line medium (the communications medium used by some of the Company's products) is subject to special regulations in North America, Europe and Japan. These regulations limit the ability of companies in general to use power lines as a communication medium. In addition, some of the Company's competitors have attempted to use regulatory actions to reduce the market opportunity for the Company's products or to increase the market opportunity for the competitors' products. For example, the Consumer Electronics Manufacturers Association ("CEMA"), a trade association that developed the CEBus protocol, an alternative to the Company's LonTalk protocol for use in home automation applications, has proposed that the Federal Communications Commission ("FCC") adopt a standard for television-cable compatibility that encompasses CEBus. CEMA has also proposed the use of such standard with respect to an FCC rulemaking relating to the commercial availability of navigation devices, such as set-top boxes. The Company has resisted these efforts and will continue to oppose competitors' efforts to use regulation to impede competition in the markets for the Company's products. There can be no assurance that existing or future regulations or regulatory actions would not adversely affect the market for the Company's products or require significant expenditures of management, technical or financial resources, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and a financial condition. See "Business--Government Regulation."
VOLUNTARY STANDARDS
Standards bodies, which are formal and informal associations that attempt to set voluntary, non-governmental product standards, are influential in many of the Company's target markets. Some of the Company's competitors have attempted to use voluntary standards to reduce the market opportunity for the Company's products, or to increase the market opportunity for the competitors' products, by lobbying for the adoption of voluntary standards that would exclude or limit the use of the Company's products. The Company participates in many voluntary standards processes both to avoid adoption of exclusionary standards and to promote voluntary standards for the Company's products. However, the Company does not have the resources to participate in all voluntary standards processes that may affect its markets. The adoption of voluntary standards that are incompatible with the Company's products or technology could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business--Competition."
YEAR 2000 COMPLIANCE
Computer programs that are written using two digits rather than four to define the applicable year, may have date-sensitive software and, for instance, may recognize a date using 00 as the year 1900 rather than the year 2000 ("Date Code Dependency"). This could result in a system failure or miscalculations causing disruptions of operations, including, among other things, a temporary inability to process transactions, send invoices, or engage in normal business activities. The Company's enterprise resource planning ("ERP") system does have Date Code Dependencies. The Company is in the process of replacing its current ERP system, and believes that this replacement will be completed by June 1999, before any Date Code Dependencies within the Company's current ERP system have a material adverse impact upon the Company's operations. The Company has not yet estimated the cost of such replacement. The Company is currently evaluating the dependency of its products on date codes and intends to announce a program for addressing the impact of the year 2000 on any such products in the near future. Failure of the Company's ERP system or its products to operate properly with regard to the Year 2000 and thereafter could require the Company to incur unanticipated expenses to remedy any problems, which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. Date Code Dependency issues may also arise with respect to any modifications made to the Company's products by a party other than the Company or from the combination or use of the Company's products with any other software programs or hardware devices not provided by the Company, and therefore may result in unforeseen Year 2000 compliance problems for some of the Company's customers, which could result in reduced customer orders or liability to the Company, and which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. The Company faces risks to the extent that suppliers of products, services and systems purchased by the Company have business systems or products that have a Date Code Dependency. In the event any such third parties cannot provide the Company with products, services or systems that meet year 2000 requirements in a timely manner, the Company's business operating results and financial condition could be materially adversely affected. In addition, some of the Company's customers or vendors could experience Date Code Dependency problems that could result in disruptions of their internal operations, could delay their purchases of the Company's products, and, in turn, could result in a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
CONTROL BY EXISTING STOCKHOLDERS
Immediately after the closing of this offering, the directors and executive
officers of the Company, together with certain entities affiliated with them,
assuming no exercise of outstanding stock options, will beneficially own 46.9%
of the Company's outstanding Common Stock and Motorola, a principal
stockholder of the Company, will own 12.2% of the Company's outstanding Common
Stock. Further, pursuant to the terms of the stock purchase agreement under
which Motorola initially acquired its shares, Motorola and two other
stockholders which together own approximately 6.1% of the Company's
outstanding Common Stock have agreed to vote (i) all of their shares in favor
of the slate of director nominees recommended by the Board of Directors, and
(ii) a number of shares equal to at least that percentage of shares voted by
all other stockholders for or against any given matter, as recommended by the
Board of Directors, (except certain matters relating to certain changes
to the Company's charter, liquidations, a sale of the Company or a merger of the Company into another entity), as recommended by a majority of the Board of Directors. As a result, these stockholders would be able to control substantially all matters requiring approval by the stockholders of their Company, including the election of all directors and approval of significant corporate transactions. See "Management--Executive Officers and Directors," "Certain Transactions" and "Principal Stockholders."
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of this offering, based on the outstanding shares of Common Stock at March 31, 1998, the Company will have outstanding 32,125,612 shares of Common Stock outstanding (32,875,612 if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). On the date of this Prospectus, in addition to the 5,000,000 shares offered hereby, 815,251 shares of Common Stock held by current stockholders will be immediately eligible for sale in the public market without restriction. The Company, its officers, directors and certain security holders of the Company have agreed not to offer, sell, contract to sell, grant any option or other right for the sale of, or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock or any securities, indebtedness or other rights exercisable for or convertible or exchangeable into Common Stock owned or acquired in the future in any manner prior to the expiration of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus without the prior written consent of NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC on behalf of the Underwriters. Subject to volume limitations on sales by affiliates pursuant to Rule 144 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and taking into account the effect of lock-up provisions applicable to the officers, directors and certain stockholders of the Company, 26,310,361 additional shares of Common Stock will be eligible for sale beginning 180 days after the date of this Prospectus. This includes 247,375 shares held by existing stockholders pursuant to an effective Regulation A offering statement covering the Company's 1997 Stock Plan. No prediction can be made of the effect, if any, that sales of shares under Rule 144 or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of the Common Stock prevailing from time to time after this offering. The Company is unable to estimate the number of shares that may be sold in the public market under Rule 144, because such amount will depend on the trading volume in, and market price for, the Common Stock and other factors. Nevertheless, sales of substantial amounts of shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. Following this offering, the Company intends to file a registration statement under the Securities Act to register approximately 8,025,395 shares (including 4,082,695 shares subject to outstanding options at March 31, 1998) reserved for issuance under the Company's stock plans. Shares of Common Stock issued under the Company's stock plans after the effective date of such registration will be freely tradeable in the public market, subject to the 180 day lock-up referred to above and subject in the case of sales by affiliates to the volume limitation, manner of sale, notice and public information requirements of Rule 144. In addition, after the consummation of this offering, the holders of approximately 18,665,548 shares of Common Stock are entitled to certain rights with respect to the registration of such shares under the Securities Act. Such registration rights terminate for each holder when all of such holder's shares may be sold within a given three month period under Rule 144 or other applicable exemption; other than 10,927,498 shares held by affiliates of the Company who will be subject to the volume limitations of Rule 144 following this offering, all of such shares will be eligible for sale 180 days following this offering. See "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights," "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and "Underwriting."
ANTI-TAKEOVER PROVISIONS
Immediately after the closing of this offering, the Board of Directors will have the authority to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock and to determine the price, rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions, including voting rights, of those shares without any further vote or action by the stockholders. The rights of the holders of Common Stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of any Preferred Stock that may be issued in the future. The issuance of Preferred Stock may delay, defer or prevent a change in control of the Company as the terms of the Preferred Stock that might be issued could potentially prohibit the Company's consummation of any merger, reorganization, sale of substantially all of its assets, liquidation or other extraordinary corporate transaction without the approval of the holders of the outstanding shares of the Preferred Stock. Additionally, the issuance of Preferred Stock could have a dilutive effect on shareholders of the Company. The Company has no present plans to issue shares of Preferred Stock. In addition,
Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, to which the Company is subject, restricts certain business combinations with any "interested stockholder" as defined by such statute. The statute may delay, defer or prevent a change in control of the Company. In addition, certain provisions of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation may have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company, which could adversely affect the market price of the Company's Common Stock. These provisions provide, among other things, that the Board of Directors is divided into three classes with staggered three-year terms, that stockholders may not take action by written consent, that the ability of stockholders to call special meetings of stockholders and to raise matters at meetings of stockholders is restricted and that certain amendments of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, and certain amendments by the stockholders of the Company's Bylaws, require the approval of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all outstanding shares. In addition, the Company is subject to the anti-takeover provisions of Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, which will prohibit the Company from engaging in a "business combination" with an "interested stockholder" for a period of three years after the date of the transaction in which the person became an interested stockholder, unless the business combination is approved in a prescribed manner. The application of Section 203 also could have the effect of delaying or preventing a change of control of the Company. See "Description of Capital Stock--Preferred Stock" and "--Delaware Law and Certain Charter and Bylaw Provisions" and "Description of Capital Stock."
NO PRIOR PUBLIC MARKET; POSSIBLE VOLATILITY OF STOCK PRICE
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Company's Common Stock, and there can be no assurance that an active public market for the Common Stock will develop or be sustained after this offering. The initial public offering price will be determined by negotiation between the Company and the Underwriters based on several factors, and may bear no relationship to the price at which the Common Stock will trade upon completion of this offering. See "Underwriting" for a discussion of the factors to be considered in determining the initial public offering price. The market price of the Company's Common Stock is likely to be highly volatile and could be subject to wide fluctuations in response to quarterly variations in operating results, announcements of technological innovations or new products by the Company or its competitors, changes in financial estimates by securities analysts, or other events or factors. In addition, there has been significant volatility in the market price of securities of technology companies (especially those in new or emerging industries, such as the Company), which volatility is often unrelated to the operating performance of particular companies. In the future, the Company's operating results could fall below analysts' expectations, which would adversely affect the market price of the Company's Common Stock. In the past, following a period of volatility in the market price of a company's securities, securities class action lawsuits have often been instituted against companies. If brought against the Company, regardless of outcome, the costs and diversion of management resources of defending such litigation could have a material adverse effect on its business, operating results and financial condition.
IMMEDIATE AND SUBSTANTIAL DILUTION
The initial public offering price will be substantially higher than the book value per share of the currently outstanding Common Stock. Investors purchasing shares in this offering will therefore suffer immediate and substantial dilution of $6.63 per share in the pro forma net tangible book value of their Common Stock from the assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share. In addition, the exercise of any of the currently outstanding warrants or stock options would likely result in a dilution of the value of the Common Stock. Moreover, the Company may at any time in the future sell additional securities and/or rights to purchase such securities, grant additional warrants, stock options or other forms of equity-based incentive compensation to the Company's management and/or employees to attract and retain such personnel or in connection with the obtaining of financing, such as debt or leasing arrangements accompanied by warrants to purchase equity securities of the Company. Any of these actions would have a dilutive effect upon the holders of the Common Stock. See "Dilution."
BROAD MANAGEMENT DISCRETION AS TO USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to be received by the Company in connection with this offering will be used for working capital and general corporate purposes. Accordingly, management will have broad discretion with respect to the expenditure of such proceeds. Purchasers of shares of Common Stock offered hereby will be entrusting their funds to the Company's management, upon whose judgment they must depend, with limited information concerning the specific working capital requirements and general corporate purposes to which the funds will ultimately be applied. See "Use of Proceeds."
ABSENCE OF DIVIDENDS
The Company has not paid cash dividends and does not anticipate paying cash dividends on the Common Stock in the foreseeable future. The Company intends to retain future earnings, if any, for use in its business. In addition, the Company's revolving line of credit agreement prohibits the payment of dividends other than stock dividends. See "Dividend Policy."
USE OF PROCEEDS
The net proceeds to the Company from the sale of the 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock being offered hereby, based on an assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, are estimated to be approximately $36.5 million (approximately $42.1 million if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full).
The principal purposes of this offering are to increase the Company's equity capital, to create a public market for the Company's Common Stock, to facilitate future access by the Company to public equity markets and to provide increased visibility of the Company in a marketplace where many competitors are publicly-held companies. The Company currently has no specific plans for the net proceeds of this offering, but the Company expects to use such proceeds for general corporate purposes, including working capital and capital expenditures. The Company may also use a portion of such proceeds for possible acquisitions of businesses, products and technologies that are complementary to those of the Company. The Company has not identified any specific businesses, products or technologies that it may acquire and does not have any current agreements or negotiations with respect to any such transactions. Pending use of the net proceeds of this offering for the above purposes, the Company intends to invest such funds in short-term, interest- bearing, investment-grade securities.
DIVIDEND POLICY
The Company has not paid any dividends on its capital stock and does not expect to pay any dividends in the foreseeable future. The Company currently intends to retain future earnings, if any, to finance the growth and development of its business and therefore does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future. The payment of cash dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Board of Directors and subject to certain limitations under the Delaware General Corporation Law, and will depend on such factors as the Company's earnings levels, capital requirements, financial condition and other factors deemed relevant by the Board of Directors. In addition, the Company's revolving line of credit agreement prohibits the payment of dividends other than stock dividends. There can be no assurance that the Company will pay any dividends in the future.
CAPITALIZATION
The following table sets forth the capitalization of the Company as of March 31, 1998 (i) on an actual basis and (ii) as adjusted to reflect the receipt by the Company of the net proceeds from the sale and issuance of 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock by the Company at an assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company and the automatic conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into Common Stock upon the closing of this offering. See "Certain Transactions" and "Description of Capital Stock." This information should be read in conjunction with the Company's Financial Statements and the Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Prospectus.
MARCH 31, 1998 --------------------- ACTUAL AS ADJUSTED -------- ----------- (IN THOUSANDS) Stockholders' equity(1): Preferred Stock, $.01 par value, 11,000,000 shares authorized, 7,887,381 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 5,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued or outstanding, as adjusted........................... $ 79 $ -- Common Stock, $.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, 19,238,231 shares issued and outstanding, actual; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 32,125,612 shares issued and outstanding, as adjusted.............................................. 192 321 Additional paid-in capital............................. 94,530 130,980 Deferred compensation.................................. (519) (519) Cumulative translation adjustment...................... (415) (415) Accumulated deficit.................................... (86,385) (86,385) -------- -------- Total stockholders' equity........................... $ 7,482 $ 43,982 ======== ======== |
DILUTION
The pro forma net tangible book value of the Company as of March 31, 1998 assuming the conversion of all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into Common Stock on a one-for-one basis upon the closing of this offering, was approximately $7.5 million, or $0.28 per share of Common Stock. Net tangible book value per share is determined by dividing the net tangible book value of the Company (total tangible assets less total liabilities) by the number of shares of Common Stock deemed outstanding at that date. After giving effect to the sale by the Company of the 5,000,000 shares of Common Stock offered hereby at an assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share and after deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company, the Company's pro forma net tangible book value at March 31, 1998 would have been $44.0 million, or $1.37 per share. This represents an immediate increase in net tangible book value to existing shareholders of $1.09 per share and an immediate dilution of $6.63 per share to new investors purchasing shares at the initial public offering price. The following table illustrates the per share dilution:
Assumed initial public offering price per share.................... $8.00 Pro forma net tangible book value per share as of March 31, 1998............................................................ $0.28 Increase per share attributable to new investors................. 1.09 ----- Pro forma net tangible book value per share after this offering.... 1.37 ----- Dilution per share to new investors................................ $6.63 ===== |
The following table sets forth on a pro forma basis as of March 31, 1998 the number of shares of Common Stock purchased from the Company, the total consideration paid, and the average price per share paid by existing shareholders and by the new investors at an assumed initial public offering price of $8.00 per share (before deducting the underwriting discount and estimated offering expenses payable by the Company).
SHARES PURCHASED TOTAL CONSIDERATION AVERAGE ------------------ -------------------- PRICE PER NUMBER PERCENT AMOUNT PERCENT SHARE ---------- ------- ------------ ------- --------- Existing stockholders......... 27,125,612 84.4% $ 94,406,000 70.2% $3.48 New investors................. 5,000,000 15.6 40,000,000 29.8 8.00 ---------- ----- ------------ ----- Total....................... 32,125,612 100.0% $134,406,000 100.0% ========== ===== ============ ===== |
The foregoing tables assume no exercise of the Underwriters' over-allotment option and no exercise of stock options or warrants outstanding at March 31, 1998. As of March 31, 1998, there were options outstanding to purchase a total of 4,082,695 shares of Common Stock at a weighted average exercise price of $1.33 per share, of which options to purchase 3,932,695 shares (including 3,167,780 shares subject to repurchase by the Company at a weighted average exercise price of $1.31 per share) were exercisable and 3,942,700 shares were reserved for future issuance under the Company's stock option plans. In addition, as of March 31, 1998, there were warrants outstanding to purchase 430,000 shares of Common Stock at a weighted average exercise price of $5.49 per share and 1,802,438 shares of Common Stock issued under stock purchase agreements which were subject to repurchase by the Company at a weighted average price of $1.26 per share. To the extent that the over-allotment option or any of these options or warrants are exercised, there will be further dilution to new investors. See "Capitalization," "Management--Stock Option Plans and Warrants," "Description of Capital Stock" and Note 6 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
SELECTED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL DATA
The following selected consolidated financial data should be read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto and "Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations" included elsewhere herein. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 1996 and 1997 are derived from, and are qualified by reference to, the Consolidated Financial Statements audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, included elsewhere in this Prospectus. The consolidated statement of operations data for the years ended December 31, 1993 and 1994 and the consolidated balance sheet data at December 31, 1993, 1994 and 1995 are derived from the Company's consolidated financial statements audited by Arthur Andersen LLP that do not appear herein. The consolidated statement of operations data for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998 and the consolidated balance sheet data at March 31, 1998 are derived from the unaudited consolidated financial statements appearing elsewhere herein and which, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, necessary for a fair statement of the results of the unaudited interim periods. The financial results for the three months ended March 31, 1998 are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any other interim period or the fiscal year. The historical results are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations to be expected in the future.
THREE MONTHS YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED MARCH 31, ------------------------------------------------ ---------------- 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS DATA: (IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE DATA) (UNAUDITED) Revenues: Product................ $ 10,104 $ 14,368 $ 20,183 $ 20,708 $ 24,665 $ 6,548 $ 7,188 Service................ 1,441 2,364 3,160 3,282 3,637 926 771 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Total revenues......... 11,545 16,732 23,343 23,990 28,302 7,474 7,959 Cost of revenues: Cost of product........ 3,764 6,733 9,434 10,761 11,761 3,111 3,249 Cost of service........ 990 1,006 1,141 1,142 1,810 455 543 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Total cost of reve- nues.................. 4,754 7,739 10,575 11,903 13,571 3,566 3,792 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Gross profit........... 6,791 8,993 12,768 12,087 14,731 3,908 4,167 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Operating expenses: Product development.... 6,861 6,658 7,355 7,526 7,121 1,740 1,958 Sales and marketing.... 8,628 9,317 10,881 11,577 12,128 3,014 3,031 General and administra- tive.................. 2,575 3,268 4,386 3,921 4,004 1,098 935 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Total operating ex- penses................ 18,064 19.243 22,622 23,024 23,253 5,852 5,924 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Loss from operations... (11,273) (10,250) (9,854) (10,937) (8,522) (1,944) (1,757) Other income (expense): Interest income, net... 180 809 1,109 536 429 71 67 Other income (expense), net................... 9 44 175 (163) 68 21 8 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Total other income (ex- pense)................ 189 853 1,284 373 497 92 75 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Loss before provision for income taxes...... (11,084) (9,397) (8,570) (10,564) (8,025) (1,852) (1,682) Provision for income taxes.................. 49 86 143 152 189 55 55 -------- -------- -------- -------- -------- ------- ------- Net loss............... $(11,133) $ (9,483) $ (8,713) $(10,716) $ (8,214) $(1,907) $(1,737) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= Basic net loss per share(1).............. $ (0.85) $ (0.67) $ (0.56) $ (0.62) $ (0.44) $ (0.10) $ (0.09) ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= Shares used in comput- ing basic net loss per share(1).............. 13,038 14,060 15,695 17,354 18,603 18,511 19,029 ======== ======== ======== ======== ======== ======= ======= Pro forma basic net loss per share(1)..... $ (0.32) $ (0.08) $ (0.06) ======== ======= ======= Shares used in comput- ing pro forma basic net loss per share(1).. 25,756 24,399 26,916 ======== ======= ======= |
DECEMBER 31, -------------------------------------- MARCH 31, 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 ------ ------- ------- ------- ------- ----------- CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEET DATA: (IN THOUSANDS) (UNAUDITED) Cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments.... $4,443 $24,210 $16,044 $ 8,051 $ 7,853 $ 5,165 Working capital............ 4,164 25,120 17,653 7,905 8,883 7,376 Total assets............... 9,913 31,124 24,547 15,855 16,816 15,695 Total stockholders' equi- ty........................ 1,529 22,799 15,978 7,138 8,800 7,482 |
MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS
OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of the financial condition and results of operations of the Company should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and related Notes thereto included elsewhere in this Prospectus. This Prospectus contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. The Company's actual results may differ significantly from the results discussed in the forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include, but are not limited to, those discussed in "Risk Factors."
OVERVIEW
The Company was founded and began operations in 1988. The Company develops, markets and supports a family of hardware and software products and services that enables OEMs and systems integrators to design and implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. The Company offers its products and services to OEMs and systems integrators in the building, industrial, transportation, home and other automation markets. The Company provides a variety of technical training related to its products and underlying technology as well as customer support to its customers on a per incident or annual contract basis.
The Company markets its products and services in North America, Europe, Japan and selected Asia-Pacific countries through a direct sales organization augmented with the use of third-party distributors. International sales, which include both export sales and sales by the Company's international subsidiaries, accounted for 57.0% and 54.7% of total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, and 57.5%, 53.6% and 52.0% for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. In 1997, 10.7% of the Company's revenues were denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, principally the Japanese Yen. However, this percentage may increase over time as the Company responds to market requirements to sell its products and services in local currencies, such as the forthcoming Euro. As a result, the Company's operations and the market price of its products may be directly affected by economic and political conditions in the countries where the Company does business. Additional risks inherent in the Company's international business activities include currency fluctuations, unexpected changes in regulatory requirements, tariffs and other trade barriers. The Company expects that international sales will continue to constitute a significant portion of total revenues. See "Risk Factors--International Operations; Currency Fluctuations."
The Company derives its revenues primarily from the sale and licensing of its products and, to a lesser extent, from fees associated with training and technical support offered to its customers. Product revenues consist of revenues from sales of transceivers, control modules, routers, network interface devices and development tools and from licenses for network services software products. Service revenues consist of product support (including software post-contract support services) and training. The Company recognizes revenue from product sales at the time of shipment to the customer. Estimated reserves for warranty costs as well as for sales returns and allowances related to anticipated return of products sold to distributors with limited rights of return, which have not been material to the Company's financial results, are recorded at the time of sale. Revenue from software sales is recognized upon shipment of the software if there are no significant post- delivery obligations and if collection is probable. Service revenues are generally recognized as the services are performed. See Note 2 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
In connection with the issuance of stock options to employees during the three months ended March 31, 1998, the Company has recorded deferred compensation in the aggregate amount of approximately $530,000, representing the difference between the deemed fair value of the Company's Common Stock and the exercise price of the stock options at the date of grant. The Company is amortizing the deferred compensation expense over the shorter of the period in which the employee, director or consultant provides services or the applicable vesting period, which is typically 48 months. For the three-month period ended March 31, 1998, amortization expense was approximately $11,000. Deferred compensation is decreased in the period of forfeiture arising from the early termination of an option holder's services. No compensation expense related to any other periods presented has been recorded.
At March 31, 1998, the Company had an accumulated deficit of $86.4 million. As of December 31, 1997, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for Federal and state income tax reporting purposes of approximately $76.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 1997, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million, which expire at various dates through 2012. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, contains provisions that may limit the net operating loss and credit carryforwards available for use in any given period upon the occurrence of certain events, including a significant change in ownership interests. The Company had deferred tax assets, including its net operating loss carryforwards and tax credits, totaling approximately $33.6 million as of December 31, 1997. A valuation allowance has been recorded for the entire deferred tax asset as a result of uncertainties regarding the realization of the asset balance due to the history of losses and the variability of operating results. See Note 7 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth, for the periods indicated, the percentage of total revenues represented by each item in the Company's Consolidated Statement of Operations:
YEAR ENDED THREE MONTHS DECEMBER 31, ENDED MARCH 31, --------------------- ------------------ 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Revenues: (UNAUDITED) Product......................... 86.5% 86.3% 87.1% 87.6% 90.3% Service......................... 13.5 13.7 12.9 12.4 9.7 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Total revenues................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cost of revenues: Cost of product................. 40.4 44.8 41.6 41.6 40.8 Cost of service................. 4.9 4.8 6.4 6.1 6.8 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Total cost of revenues......... 45.3 49.6 48.0 47.7 47.6 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Gross profit................... 54.7 50.4 52.0 52.3 52.4 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Operating expenses: Product development............. 31.5 31.4 25.1 23.3 24.6 Sales and marketing............. 46.6 48.3 42.9 40.3 38.1 General and administrative...... 18.8 16.3 14.1 14.7 11.7 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Total operating expenses....... 96.9 96.0 82.1 78.3 74.4 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Loss from operations........... (42.2) (45.6) (30.1) ( 26.0) (22.0) ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Other income (expense): Interest income, net............ 4.8 2.2 1.5 0.9 0.8 Other income (expense), net..... 0.7 (0.6) 0.2 0.3 0.1 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Total other income (expense)... 5.5 1.6 1.7 1.2 0.9 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Loss before provision for in- come taxes.................... (36.7) (44.0) (28.4) (24.8) (21.1) Provision for income taxes........ 0.6 0.7 0.6 0.7 0.7 ----- ----- ----- -------- ------- Net loss........................ (37.3)% (44.7)% (29.0)% (25.5)% (21.8)% ===== ===== ===== ======== ======= |
THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 1998 COMPARED TO THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31,
1997
Revenues
Total revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased to $8.0 million from $7.5 million in the same period of 1997, an increase of 6.5%. For the three months ended March 31, 1998, one customer, EBV,
the sole distributor of the Company's products in Europe since December 1997, accounted for 20.6% of total revenues. For the three months ended March 31, 1997, no customer accounted for greater than 10% of total revenues.
Product. Product revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased to $7.2 million from $6.5 million in the same period of 1997, an increase of 9.8%. For the three months ended March 31, 1998, product revenues as a percentage of total revenues increased to 90.3% from 87.6% in the same period of 1997. This increase was due to the market's growing acceptance of the Company's products and underlying technology, and an expansion of the Company's product offerings.
Service. Service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 decreased to $771,000 from $926,000 in the same period of 1997, a decrease of 16.7%. For the three months ended March 31, 1998, service revenues as a percentage of total revenues decreased to 9.7% from 12.4% in the same period of 1997. This decrease was due primarily to the timing and the number of technical training courses offered by the Company.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of product. Cost of product revenues consist of costs associated with the purchase of components and subassemblies, as well as allocated labor, overhead and manufacturing variances associated with the packaging, preparation and shipment of products. Cost of product revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased to $3.2 million from $3.1 million in the same period of 1997, an increase of 4.4%, representing product gross margins of 54.8% and 52.5%, respectively. The increase in product gross margins was primarily due to a change in product mix as a result of the expansion of new product offerings as well as a general increase in volumes of products shipped by the Company.
Cost of service. Cost of service revenues consist of employee-related costs as well as direct costs incurred in providing training and customer support services. Cost of service revenues for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased to $543,000 from $455,000 in the same period of 1997, an increase of 19.3%, representing service gross margins of 29.6% and 50.9%, respectively. The decrease in service gross margins was due primarily to the decline in service revenues.
Operating Expenses
Product development. Product development expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses, expensed material and facility costs associated with the development of new technologies and products. Product development expenses for the three months ended March 31, 1998 increased to $2.0 million from $1.7 million in the same period of 1997, representing 24.6% and 23.3%, respectively, of total revenues. The dollar amount and percentage increases were primarily the result of increased salaries and other costs related to the hiring of additional engineering personnel.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses including commissions to sales personnel, travel and entertainment, advertising and product promotion and facilities costs associated with the Company's sales and support offices. Sales and marketing expenses for the three months ended March 31, 1998 remained flat at $3.0 million from the same period of 1997, representing 38.1% and 40.3%, respectively, of total revenues. The decrease in sales and marketing expense as a percentage of total revenues was due primarily to the larger revenue base in 1998.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses consist primarily of payroll and related expenses for executive, accounting and administrative personnel, insurance, professional fees and other general corporate expenses. General and administrative expenses for the three months ended March 31, 1998 decreased to $935,000 from $1.1 million in the same period in 1997, representing 11.7% and 14.7%, respectively, of total revenues. The dollar amount and percentage decreases were attributable to a decrease in administrative personnel and outside services.
Interest income, net. Interest income, net reflects interest earned by the Company on its cash and short-term investment balances. Interest income, net for the three months ended March 31, 1998 decreased to $67,000 from $71,000 in the same period of 1997.
Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net consists primarily of purchase discounts and foreign transaction gains and losses. Other income (expense), net for the three months ended March 31, 1998 decreased to $8,000 from $21,000 in the same period of 1997.
Provision for income taxes. Income taxes consist of income taxes related to certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries. Income taxes were $55,000 for each of the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997.
FISCAL YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997, 1996 AND 1995
Revenues
Total revenues for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $28.3 million, $24.0 million and $23.3 million, respectively, representing increases of 18.0% and 2.8%, respectively. EBV accounted for 10.9% and 12.0% of total revenues in fiscal 1997 and 1995, respectively. In 1996, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues.
Product. Product revenues for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $24.7 million, $20.7 million and $20.2 million, respectively, representing increases of 19.1% and 2.6%, respectively. Product revenues as a percentage of total revenues were 87.1%, 86.3% and 86.5%, for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increase in 1997 as compared to 1996 was due to the market's growing acceptance of the Company's products and underlying technology and an expansion of the Company's product offerings. For both dollar amounts and as a percentage of total revenues, product revenues were relatively flat between 1996 and 1995.
Service. Service revenues for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $3.6 million, $3.3 million and $3.2 million, respectively, representing increases of 10.8% and 3.9% respectively. Service revenues as a percentage of total revenues were 12.9%, 13.7% and 13.5% for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. The increase in 1997 service revenues as compared to 1996 reflects increased customer support revenues as a result of the increased installed base of the Company's products.
Cost of Revenues
Cost of product. Cost of product revenues for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $11.8 million, $10.8 million and $9.4 million, respectively, representing product gross margins of 52.3%, 48.0% and 53.3%, respectively. The increases in dollar amounts were due primarily to the additional product costs associated with increased volumes. The increase in product gross margin in 1997 as compared to 1996 was due primarily to decreased operations spending as a percentage of revenue and lower manufacturing variances. The decrease in product gross margin in 1996 as compared to 1995 was due to flat revenue growth and increased cost of products related primarily to a change in product mix towards lower margin volume products.
Cost of service. Cost of service revenues for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $1.8 million, $1.1 million and $1.1 million, respectively, representing service gross margins of 50.2%, 65.2% and 63.9%, respectively. The increase in dollar amount in fiscal 1997 as compared to 1996 was primarily the result of an increase in the number of customer support and training personnel. The decrease in service gross margin in 1997 as compared to 1996 was due primarily to higher cost of service growth compared to service revenue growth. The increase in service gross margin in 1996 as compared to 1995 was due to slightly higher revenue growth in 1996 as the spending levels over the same period remained unchanged.
Operating Expenses
Product development. Product development expenses for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $7.1 million, $7.5 million and $7.4 million, respectively, representing 25.1%, 31.4% and 31.5% of total revenues, respectively. The decrease in product development expenses in 1997 as compared to 1996 was due primarily to the transition of Company personnel from product development to the direct support of the Company's existing customers.
The increase in product development expenses in 1996 as compared to 1995 was due primarily to investments made by the Company in technology development.
Sales and marketing. Sales and marketing expenses for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $12.1 million, $11.6 million and $10.9 million, respectively, representing 42.9%, 48.3% and 46.6% of total revenues, respectively. The dollar amount increases, in each succeeding year, were primarily due to personnel related expenses. The Company's expenses in international sales offices in 1997 were lower than 1996 primarily due to an overall strengthening of the U.S. dollar against most of the functional currencies used in the international sales office operations. The increase in percentage of total revenues in 1996 as compared to 1995 reflected an increase in fixed selling expenses to support anticipated revenue growth in 1996.
General and administrative. General and administrative expenses for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 were $4.0 million, $3.9 million and $4.4 million, respectively, representing 14.1%, 16.3% and 18.8% of total revenues, respectively. The decrease in percentage of total revenues in 1997 compared to 1996 was due to relatively similar spending levels spread over a larger revenue base. The decreases in dollar amounts and percentage of total revenues in 1996 compared to 1995 were due primarily to reduced spending related to regulatory measures.
Interest Income, net. Interest income, net for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 was $429,000, $536,000 and $1.1 million, respectively, representing 1.5%, 2.2% and 4.8% of total revenues, respectively. The decreases in interest income were due to lower cash and short-term investment balances.
Other income (expense), net. Other income (expense), net for fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995 was $68,000, ($163,000) and $175,000, respectively. The amount in other income (expense), net in 1997 was primarily due to income from purchase discounts taken in 1997. The amount in other income (expense), net in 1996 as compared to 1995 was due primarily to foreign transaction losses incurred in 1996 and foreign transaction gains incurred in 1995 both primarily related to the fluctuations of the U.S. dollar against the Japanese Yen.
Provision for income taxes. Income taxes for 1997, 1996 and 1995, which consists of income taxes related to certain of the Company's foreign subsidiaries, were $189,000, $152,000 and $143,000, respectively.
QUARTERLY RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table sets forth certain consolidated statement of operations data for each of the five quarters in the period ended March 31, 1998, as well as the percentage of total revenues for the periods indicated. This information has been derived from the Company's unaudited consolidated financial statements. The unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements contained herein and include all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, which the Company considers necessary for a fair presentation of this information when read in conjunction with the Company's Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto appearing elsewhere in this Prospectus. The results of operations for any quarter and any quarter-to- quarter trends are not necessarily indicative of the results to be expected for any future period.
THREE MONTHS ENDED ----------------------------------------------- MARCH JUNE SEPT. DEC. MARCH 1997 1997 1997 1997 1998 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- (IN THOUSANDS) Revenues: Product.................. $ 6,548 $ 5,944 $ 5,487 $ 6,686 $ 7,188 Service.................. 926 1,036 862 813 771 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues........... 7,474 6,980 6,349 7,499 7,959 Cost of revenues: Cost of product.......... 3,111 2,840 2,724 3,086 3,249 Cost of service.......... 455 445 408 502 543 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total cost of revenues... 3,566 3,285 3,132 3,588 3,792 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit............. 3,908 3,695 3,217 3,911 4,167 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating expenses: Product development...... 1,740 1,724 1,751 1,906 1,958 Sales and marketing...... 3,014 3,140 2,890 3,084 3,031 General and administra- tive.................... 1,098 981 983 942 935 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total operating ex- penses.................. 5,852 5,845 5,624 5,932 5,924 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss from operations..... (1,944) (2,150) (2,407) (2,021) (1,757) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Other income (expense): Interest income, net...... 71 109 143 106 67 Other income (expense), net...................... 21 13 18 16 8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total other income (ex- pense).................. 92 122 161 122 75 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss before provision for income taxes............ (1,852) (2,028) (2,246) (1,899) (1,682) Provision for income tax- es....................... 55 35 34 65 55 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net loss................. $(1,907) $(2,063) $(2,280) $(1,964) $(1,737) ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL REVENUES: Revenues: Product.................. 87.6% 85.2% 86.4% 89.2% 90.3% Service.................. 12.4 14.8 13.6 10.8 9.7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total revenues........... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 Cost of revenues: Cost of product.......... 41.6 40.7 42.9 41.1 40.8 Cost of service 6.1 6.4 6.4 6.7 6.8 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total cost of revenues... 47.7 47.1 49.3 47.8 47.6 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Gross profit............. 52.3 52.9 50.7 52.2 52.4 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Operating expenses: Product development...... 23.3 24.7 27.6 25.5 24.6 Sales and marketing...... 40.3 45.0 45.6 41.1 38.1 General and administra- tive.................... 14.7 14.0 15.4 12.6 11.7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total operating ex- penses.................. 78.3 83.7 88.6 79.2 74.4 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss from operations..... (26.0) (30.8) (37.9) (27.0) (22.0) ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Other income (expense): Interest income, net..... 0.9 1.6 2.3 1.4 0.8 Other income (expense), net..................... 0.3 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.1 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Total other income (ex- pense).................. 1.2 1.7 2.5 1.7 0.9 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Loss before provision for income taxes............ (24.8) (29.1) (35.4) (25.3) (21.1) Provision for income tax- es....................... 0.7 0.5 0.5 0.9 0.7 ------- ------- ------- ------- ------- Net loss................. (25.5)% (29.6)% (35.9)% (26.2)% (21.8)% ======= ======= ======= ======= ======= |
The Company's revenues, expenses and results of operations have been subject to quarterly fluctuations due to a variety of factors. These factors make the estimation and forecast of revenues difficult on a quarterly basis. The Company plans to continue to increase its product development and sales and marketing expenses on a quarterly basis in an effort to increase its market share. These increases will be based in significant part on expectations of future revenues. As a result of these and other factors, the Company believes that its revenues and operating results are difficult to predict and are subject to fluctuations from period to period, and that period-to-period comparisons of its results of operations are not meaningful and should not be relied upon as indications of future performance. See "Risk Factors-- Fluctuations in Operating Results."
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Since its inception, the Company has financed its operations and met its capital expenditure requirements primarily from the private sale of Preferred Stock and Common Stock. From inception through March 31, 1998, the Company had raised $94.4 million from the sale of Preferred Stock and Common Stock.
Net cash used in operating activities was $2.9 million for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997. For fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, net cash used in operating activities was $9.5 million, $9.0 million and $9.2 million, respectively. Net cash used in operations is attributable primarily to the losses from operations in each of the periods.
Net cash used in investing activities was $3.6 million in fiscal 1997 and $70,000 for the three months ended March 31, 1997. The net cash used in investing activities reflected the shortfall of cash proceeds from the maturities of short-term investments offset by the purchases of short-term investments and capital expenditures. Net cash provided by investing activities was $2.8 million for the three months ended March 31, 1998, and $11.2 million and $6.5 million in fiscal 1996 and 1995, respectively. The net cash provided by investing activities reflected the excess of cash proceeds from the maturities of short-term investments offset by the purchases of short-term investments and capital expenditures.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $472,000 and $16,000 for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and 1997, respectively, and was $10.2 million, $1.9 million and $2.0 million in fiscal 1997, 1996 and 1995, respectively. Net cash provided by financing activities consisted primarily of proceeds from private sales of Preferred Stock and Common Stock and the exercise of employee stock options.
At March 31, 1998, the Company's principal sources of liquidity included cash and cash equivalents of $5.2 million. In May 1998, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with a bank, whereby the Company may borrow up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable, not to exceed $5.0 million. If the credit agreement had been in effect as of April 30, 1998, the amount available to be borrowed thereunder would have been $2.6 million. Advances under the credit agreement bear interest at the bank's reference rate or, at the option of the Company, at a fixed rate of interest equal to the London interbank offered rate plus 150 basis points. As of May 31, 1998, there was approximately $65,000 outstanding under this line of credit in the form of a letter of credit. The credit agreement, which expires in May 1999, contains certain negative covenants restricting the Company's ability to pay dividends or enter into certain financial transactions. The credit agreement also contains a minimum tangible net worth requirement, determined on a quarterly basis.
The Company believes that the proceeds from this offering, together with its existing sources of liquidity, will satisfy the Company's projected working capital and other cash requirements for at least the next 24 months. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will not require additional financing within this period or that any such financing will be available to the Company in the amounts or at the times required by the Company, or on acceptable terms, if at all. The failure of the Company to obtain additional financing could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition.
NEW PRONOUNCEMENTS
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income. SFAS No. 130, which was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 1998, requires companies to report a new measurement of income. "Comprehensive Income (loss)" is required to include foreign currency translation gains and losses and other unrealized gains and losses that have historically been excluded from net income and reflected instead in equity. The following table reconciles comprehensive net loss under the provisions of SFAS No. 130 for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 and for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998 (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, MARCH 31, -------------------------- ---------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- (UNAUDITED) Net loss..................... $(8,713) $(10,716) $(8,214) $(1,907) $(1,737) Foreign currency translation adjustments................. (62) (35) (320) (201) (64) ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Comprehensive net loss....... $(8,775) $(10,751) $(8,534) $(2,108) $(1,801) ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= |
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," which establishes standards for disclosure of segment information and which will be adopted by the Company in the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company anticipates that SFAS No. 131 will not have a material impact on its financial statements.
BUSINESS
OVERVIEW
Echelon develops, markets and supports a family of hardware and software products and services that enables OEMs and systems integrators to design and implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. A control network enables any group of electrical devices, called nodes, to be linked together to implement sensing, monitoring, control and communications capabilities for a variety of applications. Control networks, an alternative to the traditional approach of centralized control, offer decreased costs of installation and maintenance and the ability to implement multi-vendor systems, thereby increasing competition while providing expanded features, flexibility and functionality. Echelon's control networking technology allows intelligence and communications capabilities to be embedded into individual control devices that can be connected together through a variety of communications media, such as a twisted pair of wires (data cable) and the existing power lines in a facility. The intelligent, networked control devices are then able to communicate with each other, peer-to-peer, to perform the desired control functions. In effect, the network becomes the controller, eliminating the need for central controllers, significantly reducing wiring costs and enhancing system functionality and flexibility.
The Company markets its products and services to OEMs and systems integrators in the building, industrial, transportation, home and other automation markets. The Company sells primarily through a direct sales force in North America and other countries where it has operations, and augments its direct sales efforts with distributors in Europe, Japan and Asia Pacific. Representative customers include Bombardier, Edwards, Fuji Electric, Hitachi, Honeywell, Johnson Controls, Kawasaki, Landis & Staefa and Raytheon.
INDUSTRY BACKGROUND
Control systems manage key functions in virtually every type of facility that affects our daily lives, such as buildings, factories, transportation systems and homes. These functions can be as simple as turning a light on and off and as complex as operating a chemical production line. For example, a common application of a control system is to enable a thermostat to communicate with other equipment in a building to automatically adjust temperature and airflow. In addition to interconnecting and monitoring heating, ventilation and air conditioning ("HVAC"), control systems are used within buildings to manage such functions as elevators, lighting, security and access control. In industrial facilities, these systems are used to automate semiconductor manufacturing equipment, oil pumping stations, textile dyeing machinery and hundreds of other applications. In transportation systems, control systems are used to regulate such features as propulsion, braking and heating systems.
Control systems consist of an array of hardware devices and software used to collect data from the physical world and convert that data to electrical signals. These signals, in turn, provide information that can be used to effect responses based upon pre-programmed rules and logic. Traditionally, most control systems have incorporated closed, centrally-controlled architectures. These systems share many of the same drawbacks of centralized computing architectures that rely upon mainframes and minicomputers to communicate to "dumb" terminals that lack independent processing capabilities.
Products for control systems are typically designed and manufactured by OEMs that focus on one or more vertical markets, such as HVAC systems for buildings, or braking control systems for trains. Control systems are typically installed and maintained by specialty contractors, or "systems integrators," and in some instances by the in-house installation and maintenance divisions of OEMs. Closed, centralized control systems have a number of inherent disadvantages for OEMs, systems integrators and end-users. OEMs, as the designers of control systems and, in some instances, developers of their own protocols, incur significant development and ongoing support expense to implement and maintain their closed infrastructures. In addition, supporting such a closed infrastructure takes valuable resources away from developing competitive applications and limits the OEM's ability to leverage the product development efforts of third party companies who use open platforms. Finally, centralized systems also risk complete shutdown if the central controller fails.
For systems integrators, the installation of closed, centralized control systems is typically characterized by the time-consuming and costly physical task of installing large amounts of wire and conduit to connect each component to one or more central controllers. Once the physical infrastructure is installed, specially-trained and highly-skilled personnel must program, install and "debug" detailed control logic software into the controllers in order to manage the disparate components. To the extent that a facility incorporates control systems from more than one OEM, systems integrators also spend considerable time connecting systems that were not designed to interoperate, such as HVAC and fire/life/safety systems. This complex process also makes modifications to the system expensive and time consuming. Because of the excessive costs of installing and modifying closed, centrally- controlled systems, end-users, who ultimately must pay for these products and services, often cannot acquire new applications at an affordable cost. The Company believes that these factors have reduced the market opportunity for both OEMs and systems integrators to sell new products, functions and applications to end-users.
OEMs, systems integrators and end-users are increasingly seeking to overcome the limitations of closed, centralized systems. As with the computer industry's move away from centralized computing architectures, the Company believes that across a broad range of control applications, the control industry is moving away from custom, wiring-intensive and closed interconnection schemes among various system components, towards open, interoperable, distributed architectures in which the control intelligence resides among the sensors and actuators in an intelligent network, rather than in central controllers.
THE ECHELON SOLUTION
Echelon develops, markets and supports a family of hardware and software products and services that enables OEMs and systems integrators to design and implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. Echelon's networking technology allows intelligence and communications capabilities to be embedded into individual control devices that can be connected together through a variety of communications media such as a twisted pair of wires (data cable) and the existing power lines in a facility. The intelligent, networked control devices are then able to communicate with each other, peer- to-peer, to perform the desired control functions. For example, a temperature sensor might detect a change in temperature and send a message over the network that is received and acted upon by other devices that have been configured to accept the message. In effect, the network becomes the controller, eliminating the need for central controllers, significantly reducing wiring costs and enhancing system functionality and flexibility.
The Company offers a comprehensive set of products and services that provides the infrastructure and support required to build and implement open, multi-vendor, interoperable, control network solutions for building, industrial, transportation, home and other automation markets. The Company's products are based on its LonWorks networking technology, an open standard for interoperable networked control. In a LonWorks control network, intelligent control devices, called nodes, communicate using the Company's LonTalk protocol. Each node in the network contains embedded intelligence that implements the protocol and performs local sense and control functions. At the core of this embedded intelligence is the Neuron Chip, an integrated circuit that was initially designed by Echelon and is currently manufactured and sold by Motorola and Toshiba. In addition, the Company offers transceivers that couple the Neuron Chip to the communications medium; control modules that significantly reduce OEM development cost; intelligent LonWorks routers that allow users to build large systems containing different networking media; network interfaces that connect computers to the network; development tools that allow OEMs to design LonWorks technology into their products; and software tools and toolkits that allow users to install, monitor, maintain and control their systems.
The diagrams below compare a control application implemented in a closed, centralized control system architecture with the same application implemented using Echelon's LonWorks distributed control network solution.
TRADITIONAL CLOSED, CENTRALLY-CONTROLLED SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE
[SCHEMATIC DEPICTING THE TRANSITION FROM CLOSED SYSTEMS TO OPEN, DISTRIBUTED
NETWORKS]
ECHELON'S OPEN, DISTRIBUTED CONTROL NETWORK ARCHITECTURE
Echelon's family of products and services provides the following benefits to its customers:
. Installation Cost Savings. LonWorks based open control networks are less expensive to install than closed, centrally-controlled systems. By replacing individual hard-wired connections with shared network channels, wiring and conduit material and labor costs are substantially reduced. By eliminating the need to program and debug complex control logic software, systems can be designed and commissioned more quickly by personnel with less specialized training. In addition, LonWorks based networks do not require expensive, performance-limiting gateways (which are used to enable communication between disparate systems) to connect control systems from multiple vendors.
. Life-Cycle Cost Savings. LonWorks networks eliminate many of the sources of high life-cycle costs found in traditional control systems. By providing an open, interoperable platform, LonWorks networks allow end-users to select the most cost-effective products and services for their applications from a broad range of OEMs. In addition, the inherent flexibility of the LonWorks network architecture permits modifications to the control system, including adding new products, features and functions, to be made at significantly lower cost. LonWorks technology also enables devices to be logically "rewired" across the network without the need to run new physical wire or to replace or reprogram devices.
. Improved Quality and Functionality. With LonWorks networks, end-users are able to customize their control networks to their specific needs by incorporating products and applications from an array of applications providers. In open LonWorks networks, any piece of information from any device can easily be shared with any other device in the same control system, in a different control system, or in a computer system, without the need for custom programming or additional hardware. For example, a measurement
system can analyze information from a manufacturing system and send back improvements within seconds if the two systems communicate directly, rather than through a process where information is gathered and communicated manually over days or even weeks.
. Improved Reliability. In a fully-distributed LonWorks control network, there is no single point of failure. Typically, the failure of a device on the network only affects a small subset of devices with which it interacts. Unlike devices in a centrally controlled system, devices in a LonWorks network are "self-aware" and can take appropriate actions, such as returning to default set-points, to adapt to the error condition. In addition, by utilizing its built-in processing power, each device can keep track of its own status and can report problems before they occur.
. Increased Market Demand. The Company believes that by eliminating high-cost centralized controllers and fostering interoperability between devices, LonWorks technology enables both OEMs and systems integrators to create low-cost, customized solutions to satisfy market demands that have not been met by traditional control systems.
STRATEGY
Echelon's objective is to be the leading supplier of products and services used in the growing market for open, interoperable control networks. Key elements of the Company's strategy to accomplish this objective include:
. Extend Technological Leadership. Echelon's LonWorks networking technology is the foundation for a low-cost, flexible, interoperable and reliable platform for implementing networked control applications. The Company intends to leverage its position as the developer of the LonWorks platform, along with its expertise in networking software, distributed control systems and digital and analog circuit design, to deliver a full range of highly-functional and cost-effective products and systems that meet its customers' needs.
. Target Industry-Leading OEM Customers. The Company seeks to develop broad industry support for its LonWorks platform. To help accomplish this objective, the Company works closely with industry-leading OEMs, such as Bombardier, Edwards and Honeywell, in the product design process and invests in programs that enable these customers to develop, market and support their products. The Company believes that close collaborative relationships with OEM customers will continue to accelerate the transition of its targeted industries toward open, multi-vendor architectures for control networks.
. Develop Systems Integrator Distribution Channel. The Company believes that end-users increasingly prefer multi-vendor control networks in order to decrease life-cycle costs and improve the functionality of their control systems. In order to capitalize on this opportunity, the Company complements its OEM distribution channel by aggressively targeting independent systems integrators as an additional channel to install, configure and maintain highly-functional control networks for end-users. To more effectively meet the needs of systems integrators, the Company recently released its LonPoint System, which provides the infrastructure needed to implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. The Company intends to continue promoting the benefits of the LonWorks technology and products to systems integrators and end-users as a means to create stronger demand for its control network solutions.
. Increase Penetration of Existing Vertical Markets. While the Company's control network products are applicable across a broad range of industries, the Company intends to continue to focus its marketing efforts on those vertical markets in which it has established a large customer base, namely the building, industrial, transportation and home automation industries. The Company works closely with OEMs and systems integrators in these vertical markets to identify market needs, and targets its product development efforts to meet those needs. For instance, in 1997, the Company began shipping its network operating system, LonWorks Network Services, in response to the needs of OEMs for a multi-user platform to install, maintain, monitor and interface with control networks. In addition, the Company established the LonMark Interoperability Association in May 1994 to facilitate the development and implementation of interoperable LonWorks based control systems within various industries. Several industry leaders in the Company's targeted markets have announced and currently promote products that conform to these standards.
. Integrate LonWorks Control Networks with Enterprise Data Networks. The Company believes that the seamless integration between LonWorks control networks and enterprise data networks is important to enable end-users to remotely monitor and manage their control networks, as well as to collect and analyze data generated by their control networks. To meet this market demand, the Company is developing systems and technology that combine standard data networking and communications protocols with the Company's products and technology. In support of this effort, the Company recently entered into a strategic agreement with Toshiba and a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Cisco to develop products that integrate LonWorks control networks with enterprise data networks.
. Leverage International Market Opportunities. With sales and marketing operations in 10 countries and 57.5% of the Company's total revenues in 1997 attributable to international sales, the Company has established a significant international presence. The Company plans to continue to devote significant resources to international sales, marketing and product development efforts to capitalize on markets for control networks outside of the United States. For example, the Company's most popular power line transceiver was designed to meet the requirements imposed by regulators in both North America and Europe, enabling OEMs to leverage their product development programs across these markets.
MARKETS, APPLICATIONS AND CUSTOMERS
The Company markets its products and services primarily in North America, Europe, Japan and selected Asia Pacific countries. The Company's target markets include:
Building Automation. Companies worldwide are using LonWorks control networks in most facets of the building automation industry, including access control, automatic doors, elevators, energy management, fire/life/safety, HVAC, lighting, metering, security and window blinds. The Company believes that LonWorks networks are widely accepted because they lower installed system cost, reduce ongoing life-cycle costs and increase functionality. For example, a major automation project is currently being completed for British Airways' new combined business center, BA Waterside, near Heathrow Airport. The project uses LonWorks control networks throughout the six building campus to connect the building management, lighting and access control systems together in a unified system. Key customers in the building automation market include Honeywell, Johnson Controls, Landis & Staefa, Philips Lighting B.V., Schindler Elevator Corp. and Siebe.
Industrial Automation. LonWorks control networks are found in semiconductor fabrication plants, gas compressor stations, gasoline tank farms, oil pumping stations, water pumping stations, textile dyeing machinery, pulp and paper processing equipment, automated conveyor systems and many other industrial environments. In such industrial installations, LonWorks networks replace complex wiring harnesses, reduce installation costs, eliminate expensive programmable logic controllers and distribute control among sensors, actuators and other devices, thereby reducing system costs, improving control and eliminating the problem of a single point of failure, among other things. For example, Edwards, a leading supplier of vacuum pumping systems to the semiconductor industry, is using LonWorks control networks within each pumping station to replace complex wiring used to connect various motors, sensors, actuators and displays. The same control network is extended to connect up to 400 pumping stations together in a semiconductor fabrication plant to form a complete pumping system. Echelon's key customers in the industrial automation market include Brooks Instrument, Edwards, Fuji Electric, Hitachi, Lam Research Corporation and Marley Pump.
Transportation. Echelon's technology is used in important transportation applications, including railcars, light rail, buses, motor coaches, fire trucks, naval vessels and aircraft. LonWorks networks are used in these transportation systems to improve efficiency, reduce maintenance costs and increase safety and comfort. LonWorks technology has been specified as the standard for electro-pneumatic braking for freight transportation trains by the American Association of Railroads, and as one of the standards by the New York City Transit Authority for the replacement of its subway cars. Key OEMs in the transportation market include Bombardier, Cummins Engine, Kawasaki and Raytheon.
Home Automation and Other. While the home automation market is still in its infancy, numerous companies are now selling LonWorks based products for HVAC, lighting, security, utility meters and whole house automation. A number of utility companies located throughout the world, including CSW Communications (the holding company for Central and Southwest Utilities), Detroit Edison and Enron Energy Services in the United States, and Sydkraft and Scottish Hydro Electric in Europe, currently are pursuing residential projects involving LonWorks networks. Other industries in which LonWorks control networks have been utilized or are being developed for use include telecommunications (including alarm systems for switching equipment), agriculture (including feeding and watering systems) and medical instrumentation (including the use of CAT scans to create holographic images).
PRODUCTS AND SERVICES
The Company offers a comprehensive set of over 80 products and services marketed under the LonWorks brand name that provide the infrastructure and support required to implement and deploy open, interoperable, control network solutions.
LonWorks Control and Connectivity Products. This suite of hardware products, some with embedded firmware, serves as the physical interface between the control software resident on the managed devices and the cabling and wiring infrastructure. These products include a variety of transceivers, control modules, routers and network interface devices. Standard, off-the-shelf LonWorks transceivers and control modules simplify the development of LonWorks nodes, provide the foundation for interoperability and reduce the development cost and time for an OEM's product development. LonWorks routers provide transparent support for multiple media, which makes it possible to signal between different types of media, such as twisted pair, power line, radio frequency, optical fiber and infrared. Routers can also be used to control network traffic and partition sections of the network from traffic in another area, increasing the total throughput and speed of the network. Network interfaces can be used to connect computers to a LonWorks network.
LonWorks Network Services ("LNS"). Echelon's network operating system, LNS, serves as the platform for installing, maintaining, monitoring and interfacing with control networks. The LNS family of products adds the power of client- server architecture and component-based software design into control systems and allows tools from multiple vendors to work together.
The LonMaker for Windows tool, built on the LNS network operating system and the Visio technical drawing package, gives users a familiar, CAD-like environment in which to design their network's control system. The graphical nature of the LonMaker tool provides an intuitive interface for designing, installing and maintaining multi-vendor, open, interoperable LonWorks control networks. LNS also allows multiple users, each running their own copy of LonMaker for Windows or other LNS-based tools, to utilize the system in parallel, thereby streamlining the design and commissioning process, and facilitating future adds, moves and changes.
LonPoint System Products. In the second quarter of 1998, the Company began shipment of the LonPoint System, which provides the infrastructure to implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. In contrast to traditional closed, centrally-controlled systems, the LonPoint System offers a flat network architecture in which every device performs control processing. Distributing the processing throughout the network lowers installation and overall life-cycle costs, increases reliability by eliminating central points of failure, and provides the flexibility to adapt the system to a wide variety of applications.
The LonPoint System includes a family of hardware and software products. Hardware products include interface modules (which convert a variety of legacy digital and analog sensors and actuators into intelligent and interoperable network devices), routers (which provide transparent connectivity and intelligent message passing between various combinations of standard LonWorks media), and scheduler modules (which provide system timekeeping and state coordination). The LonPoint System is installed using the LonMaker for Windows tool
and includes LNS software plug-ins that provide end-users with a customized configuration view of each LonPoint module, thereby reducing the time and training required to configure LonPoint interface modules.
Development Tools. Echelon provides development tools that are used by an OEM to design LonWorks technology into the OEM's products. The LonBuilder Developer's Workbench integrates a complete set of tools for developing LonWorks based control networks. These tools include an environment for developing and debugging applications at multiple nodes, a network manager to install and configure these nodes, and a protocol analyzer to examine network traffic to ensure adequate capacity and to debug errors.
The NodeBuilder development tool is designed to make it easy for OEMs to develop and test individual LonWorks nodes. It uses a familiar Windows based development environment with easy-to-use on-line help. The NodeBuilder tool can complement the development capabilities of the LonBuilder Developer's Workbench, since the NodeBuilder tool can be used to develop individual nodes that are then integrated and tested as a system using the LonBuilder tool.
Training and Support. The Company conducts a variety of technical training courses covering its LonWorks network technology and products. These courses are designed to provide hands-on, in-depth and practical experience that can be used immediately by OEMs and systems integrators of LonWorks systems. The Company also offers technical support to its customers on a per incident and annual contract basis. These support services are intended to ensure proper use of the Company's products and to shorten development time for the customer's products that use Echelon's technology through timely resolution of the customer's technical problems. As of May 31, 1998, the Company had 14 employees in the United States, Japan and the United Kingdom engaged in training and support.
SALES AND MARKETING
The Company markets and sells its products and services to OEMs and increasingly to systems integrators to promote the widespread use of its LonWorks technology. In addition, the Company believes that awareness of the benefits of LonWorks networks among end-users will increase demand "pull" for the Company's products. In North America, the Company sells its products through a direct sales organization. Outside the United States, direct sales, applications engineering and customer support are conducted through the Company's operations in China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands, South Korea and the United Kingdom. Each of these offices is staffed primarily with local employees. The Company supplements its worldwide sales personnel with application engineers and technical and industry experts working in the Company's headquarters. The Company also leverages its selling efforts through the use of an in-house telephone sales staff. Internationally, the Company augments its direct sales with the use of distributors. These distributors tend to specialize in certain geographical markets. The Company sells its products in Europe principally through EBV, its sole independent European distributor, and through its direct sales force. The Company relies solely on distributors in certain countries in the Asia Pacific region, including Australia and Taiwan, and in Latin America, through its distributor in Argentina. See "Risk Factors--Dependence on OEMs and Distribution Channels."
The Company has recently implemented an authorized network integrator program to increase the distribution of its products through systems integrators worldwide. These systems integrators design, install and service control systems using the Company's LonPoint System with legacy devices and other manufacturers' products that meet the certification guidelines of the LonMark Interoperability Association, thereby reducing dependence on single- vendor products, eliminating the risks of centralized, closed controllers and supporting less complex, peer-to-peer system architectures. The Company provides these systems integrators with access to the training, tools and products required to cost-effectively install, commission and maintain open, multi-vendor distributed control systems based on LonWorks control networks.
The Company's marketing efforts are augmented by the LonMark Interoperability Association and the LonUsers International group. The LonMark Interoperability Association was formed by Echelon in May 1994 and has over 200 members. This Association defines the technical standards for interoperability for LonWorks
technology and promotes the use of open control networks based on the LonMark standard. The purpose of LonUsers International, established by Echelon in 1991, is to provide a forum in which parties can share recent information concerning LonWorks technology and applications, build alliances and support the LonWorks standard for control networking. In 1997, LonUsers International meetings in North America, Europe and Asia drew nearly 4,000 participants.
STRATEGIC ALLIANCES
Neuron Chips, which are important components in control network nodes, are manufactured and sold by both Motorola and Toshiba. The Company has entered into licensing agreements with each of Motorola and Toshiba. Among other things, the agreements grant Motorola and Toshiba the worldwide right to manufacture and distribute Neuron Chips using technology licensed from the Company and require the Company to provide support and unspecified updates to the licensed technology over the terms of the agreements. While the Company developed the first version of the Neuron Chip, Motorola and Toshiba subsequently developed improved, lower-cost versions of the Neuron Chip that are presently utilized in products developed and sold by the Company and its customers. The Company has neither the resources nor the skills to replace either Motorola or Toshiba as a designer, manufacturer or distributor of Neuron Chips. Motorola and Toshiba have played, and are expected to continue to play, a key role in the development and marketing of LonWorks technology. The loss of either Motorola or Toshiba as a supplier of the Neuron Chip would have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company, and in such event there can be no assurance that the Company would be able to locate an alternate source for the design, manufacture or distribution of Neuron Chips. See "Risk Factors-- Dependence on Key Manufacturers" and "Certain Transactions."
The Company has an agreement with Toshiba and a non-binding memorandum of understanding with Cisco to develop products that integrate LonWorks control networks into enterprise data networks. Echelon's joint development agreement with Toshiba is intended to enable products and technologies to be developed using the Java programming language to program LonWorks control devices. The Company expects that its relationship with Cisco will result in jointly- developed products that simplify enterprise-wide integration of LonWorks control and Internet protocol data networks.
PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
The Company's future success depends in large part on its ability to enhance existing products, lower product cost and develop new products that maintain technological competitiveness. The Company has made and intends to continue to make substantial investments in product development. The Company recently has made significant engineering investments in bringing its LNS network operating system and LonPoint System products to market. Extensive product development input is obtained from customers and by monitoring end-user needs and changes in the marketplace.
The Company's total expenses for product development for the three months ended March 31, 1998 and for fiscal 1997 and 1996 were $2.0 million, $7.1 million and $7.5 million, respectively. The Company anticipates that it will continue to commit substantial resources to product development in the future and that product development expenses may increase in the future. To date, the Company's development efforts have not resulted in any capitalized software development costs. As of May 31, 1998, the Company's product development organization consisted of 44 personnel.
COMPETITION
Competition in the Company's markets is intense and involves rapidly changing technologies, evolving industry standards, frequent new product introductions and rapid changes in customer requirements. To maintain and improve its competitive position, the Company must continue to develop and introduce, on a timely and cost-effective basis, new products, features and services that keep pace with the evolving needs of its customers. The principal competitive factors affecting the markets for the Company's control network products are customer
service and support, product reputation, quality, performance and price, and product features such as adaptability, scalability, ability to integrate with other products, functionality and ease of use. The Company believes it has in the past generally competed favorably with offerings of its competitors on the basis of these factors. However, there can be no assurance that the Company will continue to be able to compete effectively based on these or any other competitive factors in the future.
In each of its markets, the Company competes with a wide array of manufacturers, vendors, strategic alliances, systems developers and other businesses. The Company's competitors include some of the largest companies in the electronics industry, such as Siemens in the building and industrial automation industries and Allen-Bradley and Schneider in the industrial automation industry. Many of the Company's competitors, alone or together with their trade associations and partners, have longer operating histories, significantly greater financial, technical, marketing, service and other resources, significantly greater name recognition and broader product offerings. As a result, such competitors may be able to devote greater resources to the development, marketing and sale of their products, and may be able to respond more quickly to changes in customer requirements or product technology. In addition, those competitors that manufacture and promote closed, centralized proprietary systems may enjoy a captive customer base dependent on such competitors for service, maintenance, upgrades and enhancements. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Company will be able to compete successfully with existing or new competitors, or that competition will not have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results or financial condition of the Company.
Many of the Company's current and prospective competitors are dedicated to promoting closed or proprietary systems, technologies, software and network protocols or product standards that differ from, or are incompatible with, those of the Company. In some cases, companies have established associations or cooperative relationships to enhance the competitiveness and popularity of their products, or to promote such different or incompatible technologies, protocols and standards. For example, in the building automation market, the Company faces widespread reluctance by vendors of traditional closed or proprietary control systems (who enjoy a captive market for servicing and replacing equipment) to utilize the Company's interoperable technologies, as well as strong competition by large trade associations that promote alternative technologies and standards in their native countries, such as the BatiBus Club International in France and the European Installation Bus Association in Germany (each of which has over 100 members and licensees). Other examples include the CEBus Industry Council, which is the proponent of an alternative protocol to the Company's LonTalk protocol for use in the home automation industry, and a group comprised of Asea Brown Boveri, ADtranz AB, Siemens, GEC Alstrom and other manufacturers that support an alternative rail transportation protocol to LonWorks networks. The Company works with standards-setting organizations to establish open markets for LonWorks products in the Company's targeted markets. There can be no assurance that the Company's technologies, protocols or standards will be successful in any of its markets, or that the Company will be able to compete with new or enhanced products or standards introduced by existing or future competitors. Any increase in competition or failure by the Company to effectively compete with new or enhanced products or standards could result in fewer customer orders, price reductions, reduced order size, reduced operating margins and loss of market share, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results or financial condition of the Company. See "Risk Factors--Competition."
LonWorks technology is open, meaning that many of the Company's key technology patents are broadly licensed without royalties or license fees. As a result, the Company's customers are capable of developing products that compete with some of the Company's products. Because some of the Company's customers are OEMs that develop and market their own control systems, these customers in particular could develop competing products based on the Company's open technology. This could decrease the market for the Company's products, increase competition, and have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Business-- Products and Services."
MANUFACTURING
The Company's manufacturing strategy is to outsource production to third parties where it is more cost- effective and to limit its internal manufacturing to such tasks as quality inspection, system integration, testing and order fulfillment. Echelon maintains manufacturing agreements with Motorola and Toshiba related to the Neuron Chip, an important component in many of the Company's products. Additionally, for certain key products, the Company utilizes outsourced manufacturers including GET, Hi-Tech, muRata and Quadrus. These outsourced manufacturers procure material and assemble, test and inspect the final products to the Company's specifications.
The Company's future success will depend, in significant part, on its ability to successfully manufacture its products cost-effectively and in sufficient volumes. To date, the Company has not experienced any significant delays or material unanticipated costs resulting from the use of third party manufacturing; however, such a strategy involves certain risks, including the potential absence of adequate capacity and reduced control over delivery schedules, manufacturing yields, quality and costs. The loss of either Motorola or Toshiba as a supplier of the Neuron Chip would have a material adverse effect on the business, operating results and financial condition of the Company, and in such event there can be no assurance that the Company would be able to locate an alternate source for the design, manufacture or distribution of Neuron Chips. Further, several key components are currently purchased only from sole or limited sources. Any interruption in the supply of these components, or the inability of the Company to procure these components from alternate sources at acceptable prices and within a reasonable time, could have a material adverse effect upon the Company's business, operating results and financial condition. See "Risk Factors--Dependence on Key Manufacturers."
GOVERNMENT REGULATION
Many of the Company's products and the industries in which they are used are subject to U.S. and foreign regulation. Government regulatory action could greatly reduce the market for the Company's products. For example, the power line medium (the communications medium used by some of the Company's products) is subject to special regulations in North America, Europe and Japan. These regulations limit the ability of companies in general to use power lines as a communication medium. In addition, some of the Company's competitors have attempted to use regulatory actions to reduce the market opportunity for the Company's products or to increase the market opportunity for the competitors' products. For example, CEMA, a trade association that developed the CEBus protocol for use in home automation applications, has proposed that the FCC adopt a standard for television-cable compatibility that encompasses CEBus. CEMA has also proposed the use of such standard with respect to an FCC rule making relating to the commercial availability of navigation devices, such as set-top boxes. The Company has resisted these efforts and will continue to oppose competitors' efforts to use regulation to impede competition in the markets for the Company's products. There can be no assurance that existing or future regulations or regulatory actions would not adversely affect the market for the Company's products or require significant expenditures of management or financial resources, any of which could have a material adverse effect on the Company's business, operating results and a financial condition. See "Risk Factors--Regulatory Actions."
PROPRIETARY RIGHTS
The Company is the owner of numerous patents, trademarks and logos. As of May 31, 1998, the Company had received 65 United States patents, and has 21 patent applications pending. Some of these patents have also been granted in selected foreign countries. Many of the specific patents that are fundamental to LonWorks technology have been licensed to the Company's customers with no license fee or royalties. The principal value of the remaining patents relates to the Company's specific implementation of its products. See "Risk Factors-- Competition" and "--Limited Protection of Intellectual Property Rights."
The Company holds several registered trademarks in the United States, including Echelon, LonBuilder, LonMark, LonTalk, LonUsers, LonWorks, Neuron and NodeBuilder. The Company has also registered some of its trademarks and logos in foreign countries.
EMPLOYEES
As of May 31, 1998, the Company had 152 employees worldwide, of which 44 were in product development, 23 were in operations, 52 were in sales and marketing, 14 were in customer support and training and 19 were in general and administrative. Approximately 115 employees are located at the Company's headquarters in Palo Alto, California. The Company has employees in 10 countries worldwide, with the largest concentrations outside the United States in Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. None of the Company's employees is represented by a labor union. The Company has not experienced any work stoppages and considers its relations with its employees to be good.
FACILITIES
The Company leases approximately 55,000 square feet of office, manufacturing and distribution facilities in Palo Alto, California under two leases that expire on June 30, 2000. The Company has an option to extend the lease of a portion of the facilities for a five year period. The aggregate rental expense under these leases will be approximately $1.4 million during 1998. The Company also leases office space for its employees in China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Italy, Japan, the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. The aggregate rental expense for such office space will be approximately $348,000 during 1998. The Company believes that additional office space will be available as required on acceptable terms.
LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
There are no material legal proceedings to which the Company is a party or to which any of its properties are subject, nor are there any material legal proceedings known to the Company to be contemplated by any governmental authority against the Company or any of its properties.
MANAGEMENT
EXECUTIVE OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
NAME AGE POSITION ---- --- -------- M. Kenneth Oshman........... 57 Chairman of the Board, President & Chief Executive Officer, Director Gibson Anderson............. 56 Vice President of Human Resources Frederik Bruggink........... 43 Vice President, Europe, Middle East and Africa Lawrence Y.H. Chan.......... 47 Vice President, Asia Pacific and Japan Robert A. Dolin............. 43 Vice President and Chief Technology Officer James M. Kasson............. 55 Vice President, Chief Information Officer Kenneth E. Lavezzo.......... 56 Vice President of Operations Peter Mehring............... 36 Vice President, Engineering Oliver R. Stanfield......... 49 Vice President of Finance & Chief Financial Officer Ed Sterbenc................. 52 Vice President, Americas Beatrice Yormark............ 53 Vice President of Marketing and Sales Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr.(1)..................... 56 Vice Chairman of the Board, Director Bertrand Cambou............. 42 Director Robert R. Maxfield(2)....... 56 Director Richard M. Moley(2)......... 59 Director Arthur Rock(1).............. 71 Director Larry W. Sonsini............ 57 Director |
The Board of Directors is divided into three classes, designated as Class A, Class B and Class C. The term of the Class A directors expires at the Company's annual meeting of stockholders in 1999 and each third annual meeting thereafter. M. Kenneth Oshman and Larry W. Sonsini have been designated as Class A directors. The term of the Class B directors expires at the Company's annual meeting of stockholders in 2000 and each third annual meeting thereafter. Bertrand Cambou, Clifford Markkula, Jr. and Robert R. Maxfield have been designated as Class B directors. The term of the Class C directors expires at the Company's annual meeting of stockholders in 2001 and each third annual meeting thereafter. Richard M. Moley and Arthur Rock have been designated as Class C directors. Officers are appointed by the Board of Directors and serve at the discretion of the Board. There are no family relationships among the officers and directors of the Company.
M. Kenneth Oshman has been President and Chief Executive Officer of the Company since December 1988. Mr. Oshman, with three associates, founded ROLM Corporation ("ROLM") in 1969. He was Chief Executive Officer, President, and a director at ROLM from its founding until its merger with IBM in 1984. Following the merger, he became a Vice President of IBM and a member of the Corporate Management Board. He remained in that position until he left IBM in 1986. Prior to founding ROLM, Mr. Oshman was a member of the technical staff at Sylvania Electric Products from 1963 to 1969. In addition to his responsibilities at Echelon, Mr. Oshman serves as a director of Sun Microsystems, Knight-Ridder, Inc. and CMC Industries, Inc. Mr. Oshman earned B.A. and B.S.E.E. degrees from Rice University and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering at Stanford University.
Gibson Anderson has been Vice President, Human Resources of the Company since February 1997 and was the Director of Human Resources of the Company from 1990 to 1997. Mr. Anderson was employed by ROLM from 1971 to 1986, where he held positions in engineering, marketing, manufacturing and human resources. Before joining ROLM, he spent three years at Hewlett-Packard developing data acquisition systems and three years at IBM performing analog and digital circuit design and research in computerized speech recognition.
Mr. Anderson holds B.A. and B.S.E.E. degrees from Rice University and a M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.
Frederik Bruggink has been Vice President, Europe, Middle East and Africa, since April 1996. Mr. Bruggink joined the Company from Banyan Systems, where he was Vice President, Europe. From 1985 to 1993, Mr. Bruggink held several positions at Stratus Computer, including General Manager positions for Holland, Benelux, and Northern Europe. His last position at Stratus was Vice President, Northern Europe (including Germany). Prior to joining Stratus, he held sales positions at Burroughs Computers. Mr. Bruggink attended the University of Leiden.
Lawrence Y.H. Chan joined the Company in April 1997 as Vice President of Asia Pacific and Japan and is based in Hong Kong. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Chan was Vice President of Asia Pacific and Japan for Banyan Systems. Prior to that, he held management positions at Stratus Computer, both in the U.S. and Hong Kong. Prior to joining Stratus, he held positions with ComputerVision, Oriental Data Systems, Ltd., Hong Kong Terminals, John Swire and Sons, Ltd., Kowloon Container Terminals Ltd. and NCR Hong Kong Ltd. Mr. Chan received a General Certificate of Education from the University of London, a degree in Electrical Engineering from Hong Kong Technical College and a degree in Computer Programming from Hong Kong University.
Robert A. Dolin has been Vice President and Chief Technology Officer of the Company since May 1995. From 1989 until 1995, Mr. Dolin was the Director of Systems Engineering of the Company. Before joining the Company, Mr. Dolin was Manager of Architecture at ROLM where he worked for 12 years. He has a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering and Computer Science from the University of California at Berkeley.
James M. Kasson has been Vice President, Chief Information Officer of the Company since November 1997. He served as Vice President of Engineering of the Company from May 1995 to November 1997. From 1986 until 1995, he was an IBM Fellow, first as Director of IBM's Advanced Telecommunications Research Laboratory and later at the Almaden Research Center in San Jose where he worked in research on a wide variety of electronic imaging systems. Mr. Kasson joined ROLM in 1973, which was purchased by IBM in 1984. Mr. Kasson received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Illinois.
Kenneth E. Lavezzo has been Vice President of Operations of the Company since September 1990 and has been employed by the Company since 1989. Mr. Lavezzo joined the Company from ROLM, where he was the Director responsible for Phonemail and Voice Applications. He also served as General Manager of the Phones Division. Mr. Lavezzo joined ROLM in 1973 and held a variety of other positions ranging from product design and program management to production and manufacturing management. Prior to joining ROLM, he spent seven years at Hewlett-Packard as a member of the technical staff developing medical products and high-speed data acquisition products. Mr. Lavezzo received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley.
Peter Mehring has been Vice President, Engineering of the Company since March 1998. Mr. Mehring joined the Company from Umax Computer Corporation ("Umax") where he was a Founder, General Manager, and Vice President of research and development. Prior to joining Umax, Mr. Mehring held engineering management positions at Radius, Inc., Power Computing Corporation, Sun Microsystems, Inc., and Wang Laboratories, Inc. Mr. Mehring received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Tufts University, Massachusetts.
Oliver R. Stanfield has been Vice President of Finance & Chief Financial Officer of the Company since March 1989. Mr. Stanfield joined the Company from ROLM, where he served in several positions since 1980, including Director of Pricing; Vice President, Plans and Controls; Vice President, Business Planning; Vice President, Financial Planning and Analysis; Treasurer; and Controller, Mil Spec Division. Prior to joining ROLM, Mr. Stanfield worked for ITEL Corporation, Computer Automation and Rockwell International. Mr. Stanfield began his business career with Ford Motor Company in 1969 in various accounting positions while completing B.S. and M.B.A. degrees at the University of Southern California.
Ed Sterbenc joined the Company in April, 1997 as Vice President, Americas. Prior to joining the Company, Mr. Sterbenc was with Tandem Computers, Inc. from 1987 to 1997. At Tandem, he held positions in sales, international sales and marketing. Prior to joining Tandem Computers, Inc., Mr. Sterbenc was Vice President of Sales at Syntelligence. He was a Sales Manager for Cullinet Software from 1984 to 1986, and held positions in sales, marketing and sales management at IBM from 1973 to 1984. Mr. Sterbenc worked at Inland Steel prior to joining IBM. Mr. Sterbenc holds a B.S. degree in Industrial Management and an A.A.S. degree in Computer Science from Purdue University.
Beatrice Yormark has been Vice President of Marketing and Sales of the Company since January 1990. Ms. Yormark joined the Company from Connect, Inc., an on-line information services company, where she was the company's Chief Operating Officer. Before joining Connect, Ms. Yormark held a variety of positions, including Executive Director of Systems Engineering for Telaction Corporation, Director in the role of Partner at Coopers & Lybrand, Vice President of Sales at INTERACTIVE Systems Corporation, and various staff positions at the Rand Corporation. Ms. Yormark received a B.S. degree in Mathematics from City College of New York and an M.S. degree in Computer Science from Purdue University.
Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr. is the founder of the Company and has served as a director since 1988. He has been Vice Chairman of the Company's Board since 1989. Mr. Markkula was Chairman of the Board of Directors of Apple Computer, Inc. from October 1993 to February 1996 and was a director from 1977 to 1997. A founder of Apple, he held a variety of positions there, including President/Chief Executive Officer and Vice President of Marketing. Prior to founding Apple, Mr. Markkula was with Intel Corporation as Marketing Manager, Fairchild Camera and Instrument Corporation as Marketing Manager in the Semiconductor Division, and Hughes Aircraft as a member of the technical staff in the company's research and development laboratory. Mr. Markkula received B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Southern California.
Bertrand F. Cambou has been a director of the Company since 1998. He has been Senior Vice President and General Manager of the Networking and Computing System Group of Motorola since 1997. Between 1984 and 1997 he held various management positions within Motorola in Operations and Research and Development. From 1980 to 1984, he participated in the founding of Matra Harris Semiconductor. Dr. Cambou received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from L'Ecole Superieure d'Electricite in Paris, France, a Masters degree in Physics from Toulouse University and a Doctorate degree in Electronics from Paris University.
Robert R. Maxfield has been a director of the Company since 1989. He was a co-founder of ROLM in 1969, and served as Executive Vice President and a director until ROLM's merger with IBM in 1984. Following the merger, he continued to serve as Vice President of ROLM until 1988. Since 1988, he has been a consulting professor in the Electrical Engineering and Engineering- Economic Systems Departments at Stanford University, and was a venture partner with Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers from 1989 to 1992. He serves as a director of Cedro Group Inc. Dr. Maxfield received B.A. and B.S.E.E. degrees from Rice University, and M.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University.
Richard M. Moley has been a director of the Company since February 1997. Mr. Moley was Senior Vice President, Wide Area Business Unit, of Cisco Systems, Inc. from July 1996 to July 1997. He served as President and Chief Executive Officer of StrataCom, Inc. from June 1986 to July 1996, when StrataCom was acquired by Cisco. Mr. Moley serves on the Board of Directors of Linear Technology, Inc., CMC Industries, Inc. and Cidco, Inc. Mr. Moley received a B.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Manchester University, an M.S. degree in Electrical Engineering from Stanford University and an M.B.A. from the University of Santa Clara.
Arthur Rock has been a director of the Company since December 1988. Mr. Rock has been Principal of Arthur Rock & Co., a venture capital firm, since 1969. He has been a director of Intel since its founding in 1968, and is presently Chairman of the Executive Committee and Lead Director of the Board of Directors of Intel. He is also a director of Argonaut Group, Inc. and AirTouch Communications, Inc., and a trustee of California Institute of Technology. Mr. Rock received a B.S. degree in Political Science and Finance from Syracuse University and an M.B.A. from Harvard University.
Larry W. Sonsini has been a director of the Company since August 1993. Mr. Sonsini serves as Chairman of the Executive Committee of the law firm of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, where he has practiced since 1966. Mr. Sonsini serves as a director of Novell, Inc., Lattice Semiconductor Corporation and PIXAR Inc. Mr. Sonsini received an A.B. degree in Political Science and Economics and an L.L.B. degree from the University of California at Berkeley.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION MATTERS
The Company's Certificate of Incorporation limits the liability of directors to the maximum extent permitted by Delaware law. Delaware law provides that directors of a company will not be personally liable for monetary damages for breach of their fiduciary duties as directors, except for liability (i) for any breach of their duty of loyalty to the company or its stockholders, (ii) for acts or omissions not in good faith or which involve intentional misconduct or a knowing violation of law, (iii) for unlawful payments of dividends or unlawful stock repurchases or redemptions as provided in Section 174 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, or (iv) for any transaction from which the director derived an improper personal benefit.
The Company's Bylaws provide that the Company shall indemnify its officers and directors and may indemnify its employees and other agents to the fullest extent permitted by law. The Company believes that indemnification under its Bylaws covers at least negligence and gross negligence on the part of indemnified parties. The Company's Bylaws also permit it to secure insurance on behalf of any officer, director, employee or other agent for any liability arising out of his or her actions in such capacity, regardless of whether the Bylaws would permit indemnification.
The Company has entered into agreements to indemnify its directors and officers, in addition to the indemnification provided for in the Company's Bylaws. These agreements, among other things, indemnify the Company's directors and officers for certain expenses (including attorneys' fees), judgments, fines and settlement amounts incurred by any such person in any action or proceeding, including any action by or in the right of the Company, arising out of such person's services as a director or officer of the Company, any subsidiary of the Company or any other company or enterprise to which the person provides services at the request of the Company. The Company believes that these provisions and agreements are necessary to attract and retain qualified persons as directors and officers.
At present, there is no pending litigation or proceeding involving any director, officer, employee or agent of the Company, where indemnification will be required or permitted. The Company is not aware of any threatened litigation or proceeding which may result in a claim for such indemnification.
EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
The following table sets forth certain summary information regarding compensation earned in the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 by the Company's Chief Executive Officer and each of the Company's four other most highly paid executive officers (collectively, the "Named Executive Officers").
LONG-TERM ANNUAL COMPENSATION COMPENSATION ---------------------------- ------------- SECURITIES NAME AND PRINCIPAL OTHER ANNUAL UNDERLYING ALL OTHER POSITION SALARY BONUS COMPENSATION OPTIONS(#)(1) COMPENSATION(2) ------------------ -------- ------ ------------ ------------- --------------- M. Kenneth Oshman Chairman of the Board, President and CEO...... $270,000 $ -- $ -- -- $1,636 Oliver R. Stanfield Vice President of Fi- nance and CFO.......... 260,000 -- -- 150,000 1,438 Beatrice Yormark Vice President of Mar- keting and Sales....... 260,000 -- -- 150,000 1,584 James M. Kasson Vice President, Chief Information Officer.... 230,000 -- -- 100,000 1,122 Kenneth E. Lavezzo Vice President of Oper- ations................. 220,000 -- -- 75,000 998 |
OPTION GRANTS DURING THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1997
The following table sets forth certain information regarding the stock options granted during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997 to each of the Named Executive Officers. No stock appreciation rights were granted to those individuals during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.
INDIVIDUAL GRANTS(1) ----------------------------------------------- POTENTIAL REALIZABLE VALUE AT ASSUMED ANNUAL RATES OF NUMBER OF STOCK PRICE SECURITIES % OF TOTAL APPRECIATION FOR UNDERLYING OPTIONS EXERCISE OPTION TERM (4) OPTIONS GRANTED TO PRICE EXPIRATION -------------------- NAMED EXECUTIVE OFFICER GRANTED EMPLOYEES(2) PER SHARE(3) DATE 5% 10% ----------------------- ---------- ------------ ------------ ---------- --------- ---------- M. Kenneth Oshman....... -- -- -- -- -- -- Oliver R. Stanfield..... 150,000 6.9% $1.40 6/10/02 $58,019 $128,207 Beatrice Yormark........ 150,000 6.9 1.40 6/10/02 58,019 128,207 James M. Kasson......... 100,000 4.6 1.40 6/10/02 38,679 85,471 Kenneth E. Lavezzo...... 75,000 3.4 1.40 6/10/02 29,010 64,104 |
(4) Potential gains are net of the exercise price but before taxes associated with the exercise. The 5% and 10% assumed annual rates of compounded stock appreciation based upon the deemed fair market value as mandated by the rules of the Securities and Exchange Commission and do not represent the Company's estimate or projection of the future common stock price. Actual gains, if any, on stock option exercises are dependent on the future financial performance of the Company, overall market conditions and the option holders' continued employment through the vesting period. This table does not take into account any appreciation in the deemed fair market value of the Common Stock from the date of grant to the date of this Prospectus, other than the columns reflecting assumed rates of appreciation of 5% and 10%.
AGGREGATE OPTION EXERCISES IN 1997 AND 1997 FISCAL YEAR-END OPTION VALUES
There were no option exercises by the Named Executive Officers in the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997. The following table sets forth for each Named Executive Officer the number of shares covered by exercisable stock options as of December 31, 1997. Also reported are values for "in-the-money" options that represent the positive spread between the respective exercise prices of outstanding options and the fair market value of the Company's Common Stock as of December 31, 1997, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company. No stock appreciation rights to those individuals were outstanding during the fiscal year ended December 31, 1997.
NUMBER OF SECURITIES UNDERLYING UNEXERCISED VALUE OF UNEXERCISED OPTIONS AT FISCAL YEAR- IN-THE-MONEY OPTIONS AT END FISCAL YEAR-END(1)(2) ------------------------- ------------------------- EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE NAME EXERCISABLE UNEXERCISABLE ($) ($) ---- ----------- ------------- ----------- ------------- M. Kenneth Oshman........... -- -- $ -- $ -- Oliver R. Stanfield......... 300,000(3) -- -- -- Beatrice Yormark............ 300,000(3) -- -- -- James M. Kasson............. 175,000(4) -- -- -- Kenneth E. Lavezzo.......... 75,000(5) -- -- -- |
STOCK OPTION PLANS AND WARRANTS
1988 Stock Option Plan. A total of 8,900,000 shares of Common Stock were reserved for issuance under the Company's 1988 Stock Option Plan (the "1988 Plan"), the reservation of which shares was approved by the Company's stockholders. The 1988 Plan was terminated as to new option grants, effective as of April 23, 1997. Outstanding options granted and unvested stock issued under the 1988 Plan remain subject to the terms and conditions of the agreements evidencing those grants or issuances. The Board currently administers the 1988 Plan with respect to the outstanding options and stock issuances and has full authority to interpret and construe the provisions of those options and issuances. As of March 31, 1998, 4,996,813 shares of Common Stock had been issued upon the exercise of stock options granted under the 1988 Plan, 2,072,770 shares were outstanding (the "Outstanding 1988 Plan Options"), no shares had been issued upon the exercise of stock purchase rights, and as a result of the termination of the 1988 Plan, all shares that had been available for future grant were returned to the status of authorized and unissued shares. Of the Outstanding 1988 Plan Options, the per share
exercise prices range from $0.15 to $1.40 and the expiration dates range from May 19, 1998 to November 12, 2001.
The 1988 Plan provides that options and stock purchase rights may be granted to employees (including officers and employee directors) and consultants (including non-employee directors) of the Company and its majority-owned subsidiaries. Options intended to qualify as incentive stock options ("ISOs") within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, may only be granted to employees, while options not intended to qualify as ISOs, also known as nonstatutory stock options ("NSOs"), may be granted to both employees and consultants.
The exercise price of any ISOs granted under the 1988 Plan were at least equal to the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of grant; provided, however, that the exercise price of ISOs granted to an employee holding stock representing more than 10% of the voting power of the Company (a "10% Stockholder") had to be 110% of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of NSOs and stock purchase rights granted under the 1988 Plan had to be at least equal to 85% of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of grant; provided, however, that the exercise price of NSOs to a 10% Stockholder had to be 110% of the fair market value of the shares of Common Stock on the date of grant. The Board has the authority to reprice options outstanding under the 1988 Plan at a lower exercise price than the original exercise price in the event the fair market value of the Common Stock declines after the date the option was granted. The maximum term of each option must not exceed 10 years; however, the term of an ISO granted to a 10% Stockholder must not exceed five years. Options granted under the 1988 Plan generally have a term of five years.
Options granted under the 1988 Plan are subject to vesting, which generally occurs at the rate of one-fourth of the shares each year following the date of hire or grant. Generally, shares which have not yet vested may be exercised pursuant to a restricted stock purchase agreement subject to a repurchase option in favor of the Company which lapses at the same rate as the vesting schedule set forth in the option agreement. In the event of termination of an optionee's employment or consulting relationship, ISOs may be exercised, to the extent vested, within 30 days following such termination, and any outstanding NSOs may be exercised, to the extent vested, during such period of time, as determined by the Board not to exceed six months following termination; provided, however, that in the event of termination due to disability or death, both ISOs and NSOs may be exercised, to the extent vested, within 12 months following termination due to disability or death. Options granted under the 1988 Plan may not be transferred other than by will or by the laws of descent or distribution. In the event of the dissolution or liquidation of the Company, unexercised options shall terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action. In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation, the 1988 Plan provides that each outstanding option shall be assumed or an equivalent option shall be substituted by the successor corporation; provided, however, that if such successor corporation refuses to assume or substitute the then outstanding options, (i) any options granted prior to October 19, 1993 shall become fully exercisable, and (ii) any options granted on or after October 19, 1993 will terminate as of the closing of the merger.
1997 Stock Plan. The Company's 1997 Stock Plan, as amended and restated (the "1997 Plan"), provides for the granting to employees of incentive stock options within the meaning of Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the "Code"), and for the granting to employees and consultants of nonstatutory stock options and stock purchase rights ("SPRs"). The 1997 Plan was approved by the Board of Directors in February 1997 and by the stockholders in April 1997. Unless terminated sooner, the 1997 Plan will terminate automatically in 2007. A total of 6,200,000 shares of Common Stock are currently reserved for issuance pursuant to the 1997 Plan, plus annual increases on the first day of the Company's fiscal year (beginning in 1999) not to exceed the lesser of (i) 5,000,000 shares or (ii) 5% of the outstanding shares on such date. As of March 31, 1998, 247,375 shares of Common Stock had been issued upon the exercise of stock options granted under the 1997 Plan, and 2,009,925 options were outstanding.
The 1997 Plan may be administered by the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board (as applicable, the "Administrator"), which committee shall, in the case of options intended to qualify as "performance-based
compensation" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code, consist of two or more "outside directors" within the meaning of Section 162(m) of the Code. The Administrator has the power to determine the terms of the options or SPRs granted, including the exercise price, the number of shares subject to each option or SPR, the exercisability thereof, and the form of consideration payable upon such exercise. In addition, the Administrator has the discretion to reprice outstanding options or to cancel and regrant options with the exercise price lower than the original exercise price. The Administrator has the authority to amend, suspend or terminate the 1997 Plan, provided that no such action may affect any share of Common Stock previously issued and sold or any option previously granted under the 1997 Plan.
Options and SPRs granted under the 1997 Plan are not generally transferable by the optionee, and each option and SPR is exercisable during the lifetime of the optionee only by such optionee. Options granted under the 1997 Plan must generally be exercised within three months of the end of optionee's status as an employee or consultant of the Company, or within 12 months after such optionee's termination by death or disability, but in no event later than the expiration of the option's term. In the case of SPRs, unless the Administrator determines otherwise, the Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement shall grant the Company a repurchase option exercisable upon the voluntary or involuntary termination of the purchaser's employment with the Company for any reason (including death or disability). The purchase price for shares repurchased pursuant to the Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement shall be the original price paid by the purchaser and may be paid by cancellation of any indebtedness of the purchaser to the Company. The repurchase option shall lapse at a rate determined by the Administrator. The exercise price of all incentive stock options granted under the 1997 Plan must be at least equal to the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. The exercise price of nonstatutory stock options and SPRs granted under the 1997 Plan is determined by the Administrator, but will also be at least equal to 100% of the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the grant or issue date, except that up to 10% of the aggregate number of shares reserved for issuance under the 1997 Plan (including shares that have been issued or are issuable in connection with options exercised or granted under the 1997 Plan) may have exercise prices that are from 0% to 100% of the fair market value of the Common Stock on the date of grant. With respect to any participant who owns stock possessing more than 10% of the voting power of all classes of the Company's outstanding capital stock, the exercise price of any incentive stock option granted must equal at least 110% of the fair market value on the grant date and the term of such incentive stock option must not exceed five years. The term of all other options granted under the 1997 Plan may not exceed 10 years.
The 1997 Plan provides that in the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation, a sale of substantially all of the Company's assets or a like transaction involving the Company, each option or right shall be assumed or an equivalent option or right substituted by the successor corporation. If the outstanding options or rights are not assumed or substituted as described in the preceding sentence, the Administrator shall provide for the Optionee to have the right to exercise the option or SPR as to all of the optioned stock, including shares as to which it would not otherwise be exercisable for a period of 15 days from the date of such notice, and the option or SPR will terminate upon the expiration of such period.
1998 Director Option Plan. Non-employee directors are entitled to participate in the 1998 Director Option Plan (the "Director Plan"). The Director Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors in May 1998, and is subject to stockholder approval, but it will in no event become effective until the date of this offering. The Director Plan has a term of 10 years, unless terminated sooner by the Board. A total of 300,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the Director Plan. The share reserve under the Director Plan will increase each year on the first day of the Company's fiscal year, beginning in 1999, by an amount equal to 100,000 shares or a lesser amount determined by the Board.
The Director Plan provides for the automatic grant of an option to purchase 25,000 shares of Common Stock (the "First Option") to each non-employee director who first becomes a non-employee director after May 29, 1998, whether by appointment by the Board or election by the stockholders, provided such non-employee director has not previously been in the employ of the Company. Each non-employee director shall also automatically be granted an option to purchase 10,000 shares (a "Subsequent Option") on both the effective
date of this offering and on the date of the Company's Annual Stockholder Meeting provided that he or she is re-elected to the Board or otherwise remains on the Board, if on such date he or she shall have served on the Board for at least the preceding six months. Each First Option and each Subsequent Option shall have a term of five years and the shares subject to the option will become exercisable in four equal annual installments subject to the optionee's completion of each year of Board service over the four year period measured from the grant date. The exercise price of any option granted under the Director Plan will be equal to the fair market value per share of Common Stock on the grant date. The fair market value per share will be equal to the closing sales price per share of Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market on the last market trading day prior to the grant date. However, for automatic options granted on the effective date of this offering, the fair market value will be equal to the initial price per share offered to the public in this offering. On the effective date of this offering options to purchase an aggregate of 60,000 shares will be granted under the Director Plan.
Options granted under the Director Plan must be exercised within three months of the end of the optionee's tenure as a director of the Company, or within 12 months after such director's termination by death or disability, but in no event later than the expiration of the option's five year term. Options outstanding at the end of an optionee's tenure as a director may only be exercised to the extent exercisable at the time of such cessation of service as a director. However, if the optionee has served as a director for at least five years at the time of such cessation of service as a director, then the option will accelerate and become immediately exercisable for all of the option shares at the time subject to the option as fully-vested shares and will remain exercisable for those shares until the end of the five year term. No option granted under the Director Plan is transferable by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and each option is exercisable, during the lifetime of the optionee, only by such optionee. In the event of a merger of the Company or the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, each outstanding option will become fully-vested and exercisable for all of the option shares, unless such outstanding options are assumed or substituted by the successor corporation. In the event outstanding options are either assumed or substituted by the successor corporation, each outstanding option will continue to become exercisable in accordance with its original exercise schedule. If an outstanding option is assumed or substituted and the optionee's status as a director or as a director of the successor corporation terminates other than upon a voluntary resignation by the optionee, then the option will become immediately exercisable for all of the option shares at the time of such termination as fully-vested shares.
Warrants. Warrants to purchase an aggregate of 30,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $12.00 are outstanding and unexercised (the "Common Stock Warrants"). The Common Stock Warrants are exercisable at any time until their expiration on the earlier of February 2, 1999 or the consummation of a merger of the Company with another entity or the sale of substantially all of the Company's assets, whereby the holders of the Company's voting securities prior to such transaction do not hold more than 50% of the voting securities of the surviving entity following such transaction (a "Change in Control").
In addition, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Series E
Preferred Stock (or Common Stock, if all Series E Preferred Stock has then
been converted into Common Stock) at a per share exercise price of $5.00 are
outstanding and unexercised (the "Series E Warrants"; and together with the
Common Stock Warrants, the "Warrants"). The Series E Warrants are exercisable
at any time until their expiration on the earlier of May 15, 2002 or a Change
in Control. Each Warrant contains a cashless conversion right that allows the
holder to receive a number of shares of the Company's Common Stock or Series E
Preferred Stock, as applicable, equal to the quotient obtained by dividing (x)
the value of the Warrant on the date of exercise, which value is determined by
subtracting (a) the aggregate exercise price of the Warrant from (b) the
aggregate fair market value of the Warrant shares on the date of exercise, by
(y) the fair market value of one share of the Company's Common Stock or Series
E Preferred Stock, as applicable, on the date of exercise, as determined by
the Company's Board of Directors. The issuance of the Warrants did not require
stockholder approval. Upon the closing of this offering, the Series E
Preferred Stock will be converted into Common Stock and the Series E Warrants
will be exercisable for Common Stock.
CERTAIN TRANSACTIONS
In June and July 1995, the Company sold shares of Common Stock to the following officers of the Company at a per share purchase price of $1.10, the then fair market value of the Company's Common Stock as determined by the Company's Board of Directors: James M. Kasson--150,000 shares; Kenneth E. Lavezzo--75,000 shares; M. Kenneth Oshman--250,000 shares, Oliver R. Stanfield--175,000 shares; Beatrice Yormark--200,000 shares. These shares are subject to a repurchase option by the Company, which repurchase option lapses at the rate of one-fourth of the shares on May 23, 1996 and each one year anniversary thereafter, subject to the continued employment with the Company of each such officer.
In December 1995, the Company sold 100,000 shares of Common Stock to James M. Kasson at a per share purchase price of $1.29, the then fair market value of the Company's Common Stock as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. These shares are subject to a repurchase option by the Company, which repurchase option lapses at the rate of one-fourth of the shares on November 17, 1996 and each one year anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Kasson's continued employment with the Company.
In November 1996, the Company sold 1,000,000 shares of Common Stock to M. Kenneth Oshman at a per share purchase price of $1.40, the then fair market value of the Company's Common Stock as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. These shares are subject to a repurchase option by the Company, which repurchase option lapses at the rate of one-fourth of the shares on September 17, 1997 and each one year anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Oshman's continued employment with the Company.
In May 1997, the Company sold an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock, at a per share purchase price of $5.00, and issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock at a per share exercise price of $5.00 each in a private placement financing with existing stockholders of the Company, including (i) an aggregate of 1,022,428 shares purchased by M. Kenneth Oshman and Barbara S. Oshman, Trustees of the Oshman Trust dated July 10, 1979 (the "Oshman Trust"), and O-S Ventures, of which Dr. Oshman is general partner ("O-S Ventures"), and a warrant to purchase 249,713 shares issued to the Oshman Trust, (ii) an aggregate of 186,011 shares purchased by Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr. and Linda Kathryn Markkula, Trustees of the Restated Arlin Trust Dated December 12, 1990 (the "Arlin Trust"), and Markkula Family Limited Partnership (the "Markkula Partnership"), and a warrant to purchase 40,183 shares issued to the Arlin Trust, (iii) 121,029 shares purchased by Arthur Rock and a warrant to purchase 29,187 shares issued to Mr. Rock, (iv) 66,230 shares purchased by a trust for the benefit of Robert R. Maxfield (the "Maxfield Trust") and a warrant to purchase 15,736 shares issued to the Maxfield Trust, and (v) 37,803 shares purchased by Richard M. Moley and a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares issued to Mr. Moley.
In March 1998, Peter Mehring was granted an option to purchase 200,000 shares of Common Stock pursuant to the Company's 1997 Stock Plan at a per share exercise price of $2.00. The option vests at the rate of one-fourth of the shares on March 9, 1999 and each one-year anniversary thereafter, subject to Mr. Mehring's continued employment with the Company. Mr. Mehring's stock option agreement provides that at any time in 1998, following the date of grant of the option, Mr. Mehring may exercise the option for 50,000 shares which vest on March 9, 1999; at any time in 1999 Mr. Mehring may exercise the option for 50,000 shares which vest on March 9, 2000; at any time in 2000 Mr. Mehring may exercise the option for 50,000 shares which vest on March 9, 2001; and at any time in 2001 Mr. Mehring may exercise the option for 50,000 shares which vest on March 9, 2002. In April 1998, Mr. Mehring exercised 50,000 unvested option shares and executed a promissory note in the principal amount of $100,000 payable to the Company. The note is a full recourse note and is secured by the shares, bears interest at the annual rate of 5.7% and is due in April 2003.
The Company has entered into licensing agreements with Motorola, which is a principal stockholder of the Company and Motorola has had a representative on the Company's Board of Directors from time to time since 1991. Pursuant to this agreement, Motorola has the right to use certain intellectual property owned by the Company in the manufacture of Neuron Chips. Further, pursuant to the terms of the stock purchase agreement
under which Motorola initially acquired its shares, Motorola has agreed to vote (i) all of its shares in favor of the slate of director nominees recommended by the Board of Directors, and (ii) a number of shares equal to at least that percentage of shares voted by all other stockholders for or against any given matter, as recommended by the Board of Directors (except certain matters relating to certain changes to the Company's charter, liquidations, a sale of the Company or a merger of the Company into another entity), as recommended by a majority of the Board of Directors. See "Risk Factors-- Dependence on Key Manufacturers" and "-- Control by Existing Stockholders" and "Business--Strategic Alliances."
From time to time beginning April 1998, Dr. Oshman uses private air travel services for business trips for himself and for any employees accompanying him. These private air travel services are provided by certain entities controlled by Dr. Oshman or Mr. Markkula. The net cash outlay to the Company with respect to such private air travel services is no greater than comparable first class commercial air travel services. Such net outlays to date have not been material.
PRINCIPAL STOCKHOLDERS
The following table sets forth the beneficial ownership of the Company's Common Stock as of March 31, 1998, by all persons known to the Company to be the beneficial owners of more than 5% of the Company's Common Stock, by each director, by each of the Named Executive Officers, and by all directors and executive officers as a group. Except as otherwise indicated in the footnotes to the table, the persons and entities named in the table have sole voting and investment power with respect to all shares beneficially owned, subject to community property laws, where applicable.
PERCENTAGE OF SHARES BENEFICIALLY OWNED(1) ------------------------ NUMBER OF SHARES BEFORE AFTER NAME OF BENEFICIAL OWNER BENEFICIALLY OWNED(1) OFFERING OFFERING ------------------------ --------------------- ---------- ---------- M. Kenneth Oshman(2)........ 5,080,413 18.6% 15.7% Echelon Corporation 4015 Miranda Avenue Palo Alto, CA 94304 Motorola, Inc. Bertrand Cambou(3).......... 3,912,381 14.4 12.2 1303 East Algonquin Road Schaumburg, IL 60196 Armas Clifford Markkula, 1,577,038 5.8 4.9 Jr.(4)..................... c/o ACM Investments P.O. Box 620170 Woodside, CA 94062 Beatrice Yormark(5)......... 968,000 3.5 3.0 Oliver R. Stanfield(6)...... 925,000 3.4 2.9 Arthur Rock(7).............. 717,716 2.6 2.2 Kenneth E. Lavezzo(8)....... 475,000 1.8 1.5 Robert R. Maxfield(9)....... 436,966 1.6 1.4 James M. Kasson(10)......... 425,000 1.6 1.3 Richard M. Moley(11)........ 85,303 * * Larry W. Sonsini(12)........ 82,500 * * All Officers and Directors 16,027,817 54.9% 46.9% as a Group (17 persons) (13)....................... |
(3) All 3,912,381 shares are held by Motorola, Inc. Dr. Cambou, a director of
the Company, is Senior Vice President and General Manager of the
Networking and Computing Group of Motorola, Inc. and may be deemed to be
a beneficial owner of shares held by such corporation. Dr. Cambou
disclaims beneficial ownership of such shares.
(4) Includes 1,379,927 shares of Common Stock held by Armas Clifford
Markkula, Jr. and Linda Kathryn Markkula, Trustees of the Restated Arlin
Trust Dated December 12, 1990, and 151,928 shares held by Markkula Family
Limited Partnership (the "Markkula Partnership"), and excludes 141,928
shares of Common Stock held by a trust for the benefit of Kristi Kathryn
Markkula Bowers, an adult child of Mr. and Mrs. Markkula. Mr. and Mrs.
Markkula disclaim beneficial ownership of all but 30,386 of the shares
held by the Markkula Partnership. Includes a warrant to purchase 40,183
shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998.
Includes an option to purchase 5,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998, none of which shares are vested at
March 31, 1998. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, to
repurchase 3,750 shares owned by Mr. Markkula if he should cease to serve
on the Company's Board of Directors. This repurchase right expires on
various future dates through January 22, 2000.
(5) Includes 668,000 shares held by Justin C. Walker and Beatrice Yormark,
Trustees of the Walker-Yormark Family Trust Dated October 2, 1992 (the
"Walker-Yormark Trust"). Includes options to purchase 300,000 shares of
Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998, of which
37,500 shares are vested at March 31, 1998. The Company has the right,
but not the obligation, to repurchase 125,000 shares owned by the Walker-
Yormark Trust if Ms. Yormark should discontinue her employment with the
Company. This repurchase right expires on various future dates through
May 23, 1999.
(6) Includes an aggregate of 170,600 shares held in individual retirement
accounts for the benefit of Mr. Stanfield and his wife. Includes options
to purchase 300,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of
March 31, 1998, of which 37,500 shares are vested at March 31, 1998. The
Company has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase 112,500
shares owned by Mr. Stanfield if he should discontinue his employment
with the Company. This repurchase right expires on various future dates
through May 23, 1999.
(7) Includes an aggregate of 20,000 shares held by a trust for the benefit of
Mr. Rock's wife, of which Mr. Rock serves as trustee, and as to which Mr.
Rock disclaims beneficial ownership. Includes 2,000 shares held by a
trust, not for the benefit of Mr. Rock, of which Mr. Rock has sole voting
and dispositive power, and as to which Mr. Rock disclaims beneficial
ownership. Includes a warrant to purchase 29,187 shares of Common Stock
exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998. Includes an option to
purchase 5,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of March
31, 1998, none of which shares are vested at March 31, 1998. The Company
has the right, but not the obligation, to repurchase 3,750 shares owned
by Mr. Rock if he should cease to serve on the Company's Board of
Directors. This repurchase right expires on various future dates through
January 22, 2000.
(8) Includes options to purchase 18,750 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998, none of which shares are vested at
March 31, 1998. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, to
repurchase 162,500 shares owned by Mr. Lavezzo if he should discontinue
his employment with the Company. This repurchase right expires on various
future dates through June 10, 2001.
(9) Includes a warrant to purchase 15,736 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998. Includes an option to purchase 5,000
shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998, none
of which shares are vested at March 31, 1998. The Company has the right,
but not the obligation, to repurchase 3,750 shares owned by Mr. Maxfield
if he should cease to serve on the Company's Board of Directors. This
repurchase right expires on various future dates through January 22,
2000.
(10) Includes options to purchase 175,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998, of which 18,750 shares are vested at
March 31, 1998. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, to
repurchase 125,000 shares owned by Mr. Kasson if he should discontinue
his employment with the Company. This repurchase right expires on various
future dates through November 17, 1999.
(11) Includes a warrant to purchase 10,000 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998. Includes an option to purchase 25,000
shares of Common Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998, none
of which shares are vested at March 31, 1998.
(12) Includes 60,000 shares held by investment accounts of Wilson Sonsini
Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation ("WSGR"). Mr. Sonsini is
Chairman of the Executive Committee of WSGR and disclaims beneficial
ownership of such shares except as to those shares in which he has a
pecuniary interest. Includes options to purchase 20,000 shares of Common
Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998, of which 11,250
shares are vested at March 31, 1998.
(13) Includes warrants to purchase an aggregate of 344,819 shares of Common
Stock exercisable within 60 days of March 31, 1998. Includes options to
purchase an aggregate of 1,698,750 shares of Common Stock exercisable
within 60 days of March 31, 1998, of which 212,500 shares are vested at
March 31, 1998. The Company has the right, but not the obligation, to
repurchase an aggregate of 1,650,000 shares owned by the Company's
officers and directors if such officers and directors should discontinue
their employment with the Company or cease to serve on the Company's
Board of Directors. This repurchase right expires on various future dates
through June 10, 2001.
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK
Upon the closing of this Offering, the authorized capital stock of the Company will consist of 100,000,000 shares of Common Stock and 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock. The following summary of certain provisions of the Common Stock and Preferred Stock does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by, the provisions of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation which is included as an exhibit to the Registration Statement of which this Prospectus is a part and by the provisions of applicable law.
COMMON STOCK
The holders of Common Stock are entitled to one vote for each share held of record on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders. Subject to the preferences that may be applicable to any outstanding Preferred Stock, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to receive ratably the dividends, if any, that may be declared from time to time by the Board of Directors out of funds legally available for such dividends. The Company has never declared a dividend and does not anticipate doing so in the foreseeable future. In the event of a liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, subject to the prior rights of any outstanding shares of Preferred Stock, the holders of Common Stock are entitled to share ratably in any remaining assets after payment of liabilities. The Common Stock has no preemptive rights or redemption or sinking fund provisions applicable to shares of Common Stock. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock are fully paid and nonassessable.
PREFERRED STOCK
Pursuant to the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation effective after conversion of previously outstanding shares of Preferred Stock into an aggregate of 7,887,381 shares of Common Stock, which conversion will be effected simultaneously with the consummation of this offering, the Board of Directors has the authority, without further action by the stockholders, to issue up to 5,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series and to fix the designations, powers, preferences, privileges, and relative participating, optional or special rights and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including dividend rights, conversion rights, voting rights, terms of redemption and liquidation preferences, any or all of which may be greater than the rights of the Common Stock. The Board of Directors, without stockholder approval, can issue Preferred Stock with voting, conversion or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power and other rights of the holders of Common Stock. Preferred Stock could thus be issued quickly with terms calculated to delay or prevent a change in control of the Company or make removal of management more difficult. Additionally, the issuance of Preferred Stock may have the effect of decreasing the market price of the Common Stock, and may adversely affect the voting and other rights of the holders of Common Stock. At present, there are no shares of Preferred Stock outstanding and the Company has no plans to issue any of the Preferred Stock. See "Risk Factors--Anti-Takeover Provisions."
COMMON STOCK WARRANTS
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Company has warrants outstanding exercisable to purchase an aggregate of 430,000 shares of Common Stock.
In February 1994, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 30,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $12.00. These warrants are exercisable at any time until their expiration on the earlier of February 2, 1999 or the consummation of a merger of the Company with another entity or the sale of substantially all of the Company's assets, whereby the holders of the Company's voting securities prior to such transaction do not hold more than 50% of the voting securities of the surviving entity following such transaction (a "Change in Control").
In addition, in May 1997, the Company issued warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Common Stock at a per share exercise price of $5.00. These warrants are exercisable at any time until their expiration on the earlier of May 15, 2002 or a Change in Control. Each warrant contains a cashless conversion right that allows the holder to receive a number of shares of the Company's Common Stock equal to the quotient
obtained by dividing (x) the value of the warrant on the date of exercise, which value is determined by subtracting (a) the aggregate exercise price of the warrant from (b) the aggregate fair market value of the warrant shares on the date of exercise, by (y) the fair market value of one share of the Company's Common Stock.
Registration Rights. After this offering, the holders of approximately 18,665,548 shares of Common Stock will be entitled to certain rights with respect to the registration of such shares under the Securities Act (the "Registrable Securities"). Under the terms of the Company's Amended and Restated Modification Agreement (the "Modification Agreement"), subject to certain conditions, if the Company proposes to register any of its securities under the Securities Act, either for its own account or for the account of other security holders, other than in connection with a registration relating to shares of capital stock of the Company under employee benefit plans (such as shares of Common Stock issuable upon exercise of Options granted under the 1997 Plan), the Company is required to include the Registrable Securities in such registration. In addition, beginning one year after the date of this Prospectus and subject to certain conditions, the holders of not less than 50% of the Registrable Securities may also require the Company, on not more than two occasions, to file a registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to at least 1,500,000 of Registrable Securities. Further, if the Company is a registrant entitled to use Form S-3, the holders of Registrable Securities may require the Company to file a registration statement on Form S- 3 under the Securities Act with respect to such Registrable Securities, subject to certain conditions and limitations. See "Risk Factors--Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and "Shares Eligible for Future Sale."
DELAWARE LAW AND CERTAIN CHARTER AND BYLAW PROVISIONS
The Company is subject to Section 203 of the Delaware General Corporation
Law ("Section 203"), which, subject to certain exceptions, prohibits a
Delaware corporation from engaging in any business combination with any
"interested stockholder" for a period of three (3) years following the date
that such stockholder became an interested stockholder, unless: (i) prior to
such date, the board of directors of the corporation approved either the
business combination or the transaction that resulted in the stockholder
becoming an interested stockholder; (ii) upon consummation of the transaction
that resulted in the stockholder becoming an interested stockholder, the
interested stockholder owned at least 85% of the voting stock of the
corporation outstanding at the time the transaction commenced, excluding, for
purposes of determining the number of shares outstanding, those shares owned
(x) by persons who are directors and also officers and (y) by employee stock
plans in which employee participants do not have the right to determine
confidentially whether shares held subject to the plan will be tendered in a
tender or exchange offer; or (iii) on or subsequent to such date, the business
combination is approved by the board of directors and authorized at an annual
or special meeting of stockholders, and not by written consent, by the
affirmative vote of at least 66 2/3% of the outstanding voting stock that is
not owned by the interested stockholder.
Section 203 defines business combination to include: (i) any merger or
consolidation involving the corporation and the interested stockholder; (ii)
any sale, transfer, pledge or other disposition of 10% or more of the assets
of the corporation involving the interested stockholder; (iii) subject to
certain exceptions, any transaction that results in the issuance or transfer
by the corporation of any stock of the corporation to the interested
stockholder; (iv) any transaction involving the corporation that has the
effect of increasing the proportionate share of the stock of any class or
series of the corporation beneficially owned by the interested stockholder; or
(v) the receipt by the interested stockholder of the benefit of any loans,
advances, guarantees, pledges or other financial benefits provided by or
through the corporation. In general, Section 203 defines an interested
stockholder as any entity or person beneficially owning 15% or more of the
outstanding voting stock of the corporation and any entity or person
affiliated with or controlling or controlled by such entity or person.
The Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation requires that any action required or permitted to be taken by the stockholders of the Company must be effected at a duly called annual or special meeting of the stockholders and may not be effected by a consent in writing. In addition, as provided by the Company's Bylaws, special meetings of the stockholders of the Company may be called only by the Board of Directors. The Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation also provides that, beginning upon the closing of this offering, the Board of Directors will be divided into three classes, with each class serving staggered three-
year terms, and that certain amendments of the Company's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation and certain amendments by the stockholders of the Company's Bylaws, require the approval of holders of at least 66 2/3% of the voting power of all outstanding stock. These provisions may have the effect of deferring hostile takeovers or delaying changes in control or management of the Company. See "Risk Factors--Antitakover Provisions."
TRANSFER AGENT AND REGISTRAR
The Transfer Agent and Registrar for the Company's Common Stock is ChaseMellon Shareholder Services, L.L.C.
LISTING
The Company has applied to list its Common Stock on the Nasdaq National Market under the symbol ELON.
SHARES ELIGIBLE FOR FUTURE SALE
Upon completion of this offering, based on the outstanding shares of Common Stock at March 31, 1998, the Company will have outstanding 32,125,612 shares of Common Stock (32,875,612 if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full). Of these shares, the 5,000,000 shares sold in this offering (5,750,000 if the Underwriters' over-allotment option is exercised in full) will be freely tradeable without restriction or further registration under the Securities Act unless such shares are owned by "affiliates" of the Company as that term is defined under Rule 144 under the Securities Act. 247,375 shares are held by existing stockholders pursuant to a Regulation A Offering Statement and will become eligible for sale 180 days after the date of this Prospectus upon the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements which provide that the holders of these shares shall not sell or otherwise transfer such shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus. The remaining 26,878,237 shares of Common Stock held by existing stockholders are deemed to be "restricted" securities within the meaning of the Securities Act and may be publicly sold only if registered under the Securities Act or sold in accordance with an applicable exemption from registration, such as those provided by Rule 144 promulgated under the Securities Act, as described below.
In addition to the 5,000,000 shares sold in this offering, 815,251 shares of Common Stock held by existing stockholders will be immediately eligible for sale in the public market without restriction pursuant to Rule 144(k). The remaining 26,310,361 shares of Common Stock (including 247,375 shares covered by the Regulation A Offering Statement) will be eligible for sale beginning 180 days after the date of this Prospectus upon the expiration of contractual lock-up agreements which provide that the holders of these shares shall not sell or otherwise transfer such shares for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus. See "Risk Factors--Shares Eligible for Future Sale."
In general, under Rule 144 as currently in effect, if one year has elapsed since the later of the date of acquisition of restricted securities from the Company or from an "affiliate" of the Company, as that term is defined under the Securities Act, the acquiror or subsequent holder would be entitled to sell within any three-month period commencing 90 days after the date of this Prospectus a number of those shares that does not exceed the greater of one percent of the number of shares of such class of stock then outstanding or the average weekly trading volume of the shares of such class of stock during the four calendar weeks preceding the filing of a Form 144 with respect to such sale. Sales under Rule 144 are also subject to certain manner of sale provisions and notice requirements and to the availability of current public information about the Company. In addition, if two years have elapsed since the later of the date of acquisition of restricted securities from the Company or from any affiliate of the Company, and the acquirer or subsequent holder thereof is deemed not to have been an affiliate of the Company of such restricted securities at any time during the 90 days preceding a sale, such person would be entitled to sell such restricted securities under Rule 144(k) without regard to the requirements described above.
Following this offering, the Company intends to file a registration statement under the Securities Act covering shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance under the Company's stock plans (other than shares issued upon the exercise of options prior to the effective date of such registration statement). Based on the number of shares of Common Stock subject to outstanding options as of March 31, 1998 and the number of shares of Common Stock reserved for issuance, such registration statement would cover approximately 8,025,395 shares (including 4,082,695 shares subject to outstanding options at March 31, 1998). Such registration statement will automatically become effective upon filing. Shares of Common Stock issued under the Company's Stock Plans after the effective date of such registration will be freely tradeable in the public market, subject to the 180 day lock-up referred to above and subject in the case of sales by affiliates to the volume limitation, manner of sale, notice and public information requirements of Rule 144.
No prediction can be made of the effect, if any, that sales of shares under Rule 144 or the availability of shares for sale will have on the market price of the Common Stock prevailing from time to time after this offering. The Company is unable to estimate the number of shares that may be sold in the public market under Rule 144, because such amount will depend on the trading volume in, and market price for, the Common Stock
and other factors. Nevertheless, sales of substantial amounts of shares in the public market, or the perception that such sales could occur, could adversely affect the market price of the Common Stock. See "Underwriting."
After this offering, the holders of approximately 18,665,548 shares of Common Stock will be entitled to certain rights with respect to registration of such shares under the Securities Act. Registration of such shares under the Securities Act would result in such shares becoming freely tradeable without restriction under the Securities Act (except for shares purchased by affiliates of the Company pursuant to any such registration) immediately upon the effectiveness of such registration. Such registration rights terminate for each holder to the extent such holder's shares may be sold within a given three month period under Rule 144 or other applicable exemption. See "Description of Capital Stock--Registration Rights."
UNDERWRITING
The Underwriters named below, represented by NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC, BancAmerica Robertson Stephens and Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC (the "Representatives"), have severally agreed, subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the Underwriting Agreement, to purchase from the Company the number of shares of Common Stock indicated below opposite their respective names at the initial public offering price less the underwriting discount set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus. The Underwriting Agreement provides that the obligations of the Underwriters to pay for and accept delivery of the shares of Common Stock are subject to certain conditions precedent, and that the Underwriters are committed to purchase all of such shares, if any are purchased.
NUMBER UNDERWRITERS OF SHARES ------------ --------- NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC.............................. BancAmerica Robertson Stephens..................................... Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC.................................. --------- Total............................................................ 5,000,000 ========= |
The Representatives have advised the Company that the Underwriters initially propose to offer the shares of Common Stock to the public on the terms set forth on the cover page of this Prospectus. The Underwriters may allow to selected dealers a concession of not more than $ per share, and the Underwriters may allow, and such dealers may reallow, a concession of not more than $ per share to certain other dealers. After this offering, the offering price and concessions and reallowances to dealers may be changed by the Representatives. The Common Stock is offered subject to receipt and acceptance by the Underwriters and to certain other conditions, including the right to reject orders in whole or in part.
The Company has granted an option to the Underwriters, exercisable during the 30-day period after the date of this Prospectus, to purchase up to a maximum of 750,000 additional shares of Common Stock to cover over-allotments, if any, at the same price per share as the initial 5,000,000 shares to be purchased by the Underwriters. To the extent that the Underwriters exercise this option, each of the Underwriters will be committed, subject to certain conditions, to purchase such additional shares in approximately the same proportion as set forth in the above table. The Underwriters may purchase such shares only to cover over-allotments made in connection with this offering.
The directors, officers and certain stockholders of the Company holding in the aggregate 20,340,587 shares of Common Stock after this offering have agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus, they will not, without the prior written consent of NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC, directly or indirectly sell, offer to sell or otherwise dispose of any such shares of Common Stock or any right to acquire such shares. In addition, the Company has agreed that, for a period of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus, it will not, without the prior written consent of NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC, issue, offer, sell, grant options to purchase or otherwise dispose of any of the Company's equity securities or any other securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for the Common Stock or other equity security, other than the grant of options to purchase Common Stock or the issuance of shares of Common Stock under the Company's stock option and stock purchase plans and the issuance of shares of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of outstanding options and warrants.
Under the terms of the Company's Stock Option Plans and the Modification Agreement, the holders of 6,118,963 additional shares of the Company's Common Stock have agreed not to sell or transfer their shares
prior to the expiration of 180 days after the date of this Prospectus. The Company has agreed not to waive any such restriction without the prior written consent of NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC.
The Underwriting Agreement provides that the Company will indemnify the several Underwriters against certain liabilities, including civil liabilities under the Securities Act, or will contribute to payments the Underwriters may be required to make in respect thereof.
Prior to this offering, there has been no public market for the Common Stock. Consequently, the initial public offering price was determined by negotiations between the Company and the Representatives. Among the factors considered in such negotiations were the history of, and the prospects for, the Company and the industry in which it competes, an assessment of the Company's management, the Company's past and present operations, its past and present financial performance, the prospects for future earnings of the Company, the present state of the Company's development, the general condition of the securities markets at the time of this offering and the market prices of and demand for publicly traded common stock of comparable companies in recent periods and other factors deemed relevant.
Certain persons participating in this offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the Common Stock offered hereby. Such transactions may include stabilizing, the purchase of Common Stock to cover syndicate short positions and the imposition of penalty bids. A stabilizing bid means the placing of any bid or the effecting of any purchase for the purpose of pegging, fixing or maintaining the price of the Common Stock. A syndicate covering transaction means the placing of any bid on behalf of the underwriting syndicate or the effecting of any purchase to reduce a short position created in connection with this offering. A penalty bid means an arrangement that permits the Underwriters to reclaim a selling concession from a syndicate member in connection with this offering when shares of Common Stock sold by the syndicate member are purchased in syndicate covering transactions. Such transactions may stabilize or maintain the market price of the Common Stock at a level above that which otherwise might prevail in the open market and, if commenced, may be discontinued at any time.
The Underwriters have reserved for sale, at the initial public offering price, up to 250,000 shares of the Common Stock offered hereby for certain individuals designated by the Company who have expressed an interest in purchasing such shares of Common Stock in the offering. The number of shares available for sale to the general public will be reduced to the extent such persons purchase such reserved shares. Any reserved shares not so purchased will be offered by the Underwriters to the general public on the same basis as other shares offered hereby.
The Representatives have informed the Company that the Underwriters do not expect to make sales to accounts over which they exercise discretionary authority in excess of 5% of the number of shares of Common Stock offered hereby.
Mr. Arthur Rock, one of the Company's directors, has an ownership interest in Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC.
LEGAL MATTERS
Certain legal matters with respect to the legality of the issuance of the shares of Common Stock offered hereby will be passed upon for the Company by Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation ("WSGR"), Palo Alto, California. Certain legal matters in connection with this offering will be passed upon for the Underwriters by Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP. Messrs. Larry W. Sonsini and John V. Roos, who are members of WSGR, own 22,500 and 5,000 shares, respectively, of Common Stock. In addition, 60,000 shares of Common Stock are held by investment accounts of WSGR, in which Messrs. Sonsini and Roos are participants.
EXPERTS
The Consolidated Financial Statements included in this Prospectus have been audited by Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public accountants, to the extent and for the periods indicated in their report and are included herein in reliance upon the authority of said firm as experts in giving said report.
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
The Company has filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a Registration Statement (of which this Prospectus is a part and which term shall encompass any amendments thereto) on Form S-1 pursuant to the Securities Act with respect to the Common Stock offered hereby. This Prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the Registration Statement and the exhibits and schedules thereto, certain portions of which are omitted as permitted by the rules and regulations of the Commission. Statements made in this Prospectus as to the contents of any contract, agreement or other document referred to are not necessarily complete. With respect to any such contract, agreement or other document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement, reference is made to the exhibit for a more complete description of the matters involved, and each such statement shall be deemed qualified in its entirety by such reference.
Upon completion of the Offering, the Company will be subject to the information requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and, in accordance therewith, will file reports and other information with the Commission. The Registration Statement, the exhibits and schedules forming a part thereof and the report and other information filed by the Company with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act may be inspected and copied at the public reference facilities maintained by the Commission at Room 1024, Judiciary Plaza, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549; 7 World Trade Center, 13th Floor, New York, New York 10048; and Northwestern Atrium Center, 500 West Madison Street, Suite 1400, Chicago, Illinois 60661-2511. Copies of such material can also be obtained at prescribed rates from the Public Reference Section of the Commission, 450 Fifth Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20549. Such material may also be accessed electronically by means of the Commission's home page on the Internet at http://www.sec.gov.
The Company intends to furnish to its stockholders annual reports containing audited consolidated financial statements examined by an independent accounting firm and quarterly reports for the first three quarters of each fiscal year containing interim unaudited consolidated financial information.
ECHELON CORPORATION
INDEX TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Report of Independent Public Accountants.................................... F-2 Consolidated Balance Sheets................................................. F-3 Consolidated Statements of Operations....................................... F-4 Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity............................. F-5 Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows....................................... F-6 Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.................................. F-7 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
To Echelon Corporation:
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Echelon Corporation (a Delaware corporation) and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders' equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Echelon Corporation and subsidiaries as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, and the results of their operations and their cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 1997 in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
San Jose, California
February 17, 1998
ECHELON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT SHARE AND PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
MARCH 31, 1998 DECEMBER 31, PRO FORMA ------------------ MARCH 31, STOCKHOLDERS' 1996 1997 1998 EQUITY -------- -------- --------- ------------- (UNAUDITED) ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS: Cash and cash equivalents..... $ 8,051 $ 4,872 $ 5,165 Short-term investments........ -- 2,981 -- Accounts receivable, net of allowances of $819, $562 and $857, respectively........... 3,231 3,810 4,486 Inventories................... 1,592 2,444 3,176 Other current assets.......... 1,346 1,196 1,382 -------- -------- -------- Total current assets........ 14,220 15,303 14,209 -------- -------- -------- PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT: Computer and other equipment.. 6,486 6,816 6,832 Furniture and fixtures........ 1,297 1,323 1,337 Leasehold improvements........ 543 548 526 -------- -------- -------- 8,326 8,687 8,695 Less: Accumulated depreciation and amortization............. (6,691) (7,174) (7,209) -------- -------- -------- Net property and equipment.. 1,635 1,513 1,486 -------- -------- -------- $ 15,855 $ 16,816 $ 15,695 ======== ======== ======== LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES: Accounts payable.............. $ 1,800 $ 2,081 $ 2,758 Accrued payroll and related expenses..................... 1,045 1,081 1,027 Accrued liabilities........... 617 907 793 Current portion of deferred revenues..................... 2,853 2,351 2,255 -------- -------- -------- Total current liabilities... 6,315 6,420 6,833 -------- -------- -------- LONG-TERM LIABILITIES: Deferred rent, net of current portion...................... 377 246 198 Deferred revenues, net of current portion.............. 2,025 1,350 1,182 -------- -------- -------- Total long-term liabilities................ 2,402 1,596 1,380 -------- -------- -------- STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY: Convertible preferred stock, $.01 par value; aggregate liquidation preference of $60,294 at December 31, 1997: Authorized--11,000,000 shares Outstanding--(Series B, C, D and E)--5,887,381 shares in 1996, 7,887,381 shares in 1997 and at March 31, 1998; 5,000,000 shares authorized, none issued and outstanding pro forma (Note 8).......... 59 79 79 $ -- Common stock, $.01 par value: Authorized--50,000,000 shares Outstanding--18,494,020, 18,832,430 and 19,238,231 shares in 1996, 1997 and at March 31, 1998, respectively; 100,000,000 shares authorized, 27,125,612 shares outstanding pro forma....... 185 188 192 271 Additional paid-in capital.... 83,359 93,532 94,530 94,530 Deferred compensation......... -- -- (519) (519) Cumulative translation adjustment................... (31) (351) (415) (415) Accumulated deficit........... (76,434) (84,648) (86,385) (86,385) -------- -------- -------- -------- Total stockholders' equity.. 7,138 8,800 7,482 $ 7,482 -------- -------- -------- ======== $ 15,855 $ 16,816 $ 15,695 ======== ======== ======== |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated balance sheets.
ECHELON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(IN THOUSANDS, EXCEPT PER SHARE AMOUNTS)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED MARCH 31, ----------------------------------- ---------------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- (UNAUDITED) REVENUES: Product................ $ 20,183 $20,708 $ 24,665 $ 6,548 $ 7,188 Service................ 3,160 3,282 3,637 926 771 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total revenues........ 23,343 23,990 28,302 7,474 7,959 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- COST OF REVENUES: Cost of product........ 9,434 10,761 11,761 3,111 3,249 Cost of service........ 1,141 1,142 1,810 455 543 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total cost of revenues............. 10,575 11,903 13,571 3,566 3,792 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Gross profit.......... 12,768 12,087 14,731 3,908 4,167 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- OPERATING EXPENSES: Product development.... 7,355 7,526 7,121 1,740 1,958 Sales and marketing.... 10,881 11,577 12,128 3,014 3,031 General and administrative........ 4,386 3,921 4,004 1,098 935 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total operating expenses............. 22,622 23,024 23,253 5,852 5,924 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Loss from operations.. (9,854) (10,937) (8,522) (1,944) (1,757) ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE): Interest income, net... 1,109 536 429 71 67 Other income (expense), net................... 175 (163) 68 21 8 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Total other income (expense)............ 1,284 373 497 92 75 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Loss before provision for income taxes..... (8,570) (10,564) (8,025) (1,852) (1,682) PROVISION FOR INCOME TAXES.................. 143 152 189 55 55 ---------- ----------- ---------- ---------- ---------- Net loss............... $ (8,713) $ (10,716) $ (8,214) $ (1,907) $ (1,737) ========== =========== ========== ========== ========== Basic net loss per share................. $ (0.56) $ (0.62) $ (0.44) $ (0.10) $ (0.09) ========== =========== ========== ========== ========== Shares used in computing basic net loss per share........ 15,695 17,354 18,603 18,511 19,029 ========== =========== ========== ========== ========== Pro forma basic net loss per share........ $ (0.32) $ (0.08) $ (0.06) ========== ========== ========== Shares used in computing pro forma basic net loss per share.... 25,756 24,399 26,916 ========== ========== ========== |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ECHELON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(IN THOUSANDS)
CONVERTIBLE PREFERRED STOCK COMMON STOCK ADDITIONAL CUMULATIVE ----------------- -------------- PAID-IN DEFERRED TRANSLATION ACCUMULATED SHARES AMOUNT SHARES AMOUNT CAPITAL COMPENSATION ADJUSTMENT DEFICIT TOTAL -------- ------- ------ ------ ---------- ------------ ----------- ----------- -------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1994................... 5,858 $ 59 14,830 $148 $79,531 $ -- $ 66 $(57,005) $ 22,799 Exercise of stock op- tions................. -- -- 1,072 11 558 -- -- -- 569 Sale of common stock... -- -- 975 10 1,082 -- -- -- 1,092 Sale of Series D pre- ferred stock.......... 29 -- -- -- 293 -- -- -- 293 Foreign currency trans- lation adjustment..... -- -- -- -- -- -- (62) -- (62) Net loss............... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (8,713) (8,713) -------- ------ ------ ---- ------- ------ ----- -------- -------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1995................... 5,887 59 16,877 169 81,464 -- 4 (65,718) 15,978 Exercise of stock op- tions................. -- -- 630 6 514 -- -- -- 520 Sale of common stock, net................... -- -- 987 10 1,381 -- -- -- 1,391 Foreign currency trans- lation adjustment..... -- -- -- -- -- -- (35) -- (35) Net loss............... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (10,716) (10,716) -------- ------ ------ ---- ------- ------ ----- -------- -------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1996................... 5,887 59 18,494 185 83,359 -- (31) (76,434) 7,138 Exercise of stock op- tions................. -- -- 354 3 289 -- -- -- 292 Repurchase of common stock, net............ -- -- (16) -- (16) -- -- -- (16) Sale of Series E pre- ferred stock.......... 2,000 20 -- -- 9,900 -- -- -- 9,920 Foreign currency trans- lation adjustment..... -- -- -- -- -- -- (320) -- (320) Net loss............... -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (8,214) (8,214) -------- ------ ------ ---- ------- ------ ----- -------- -------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 1997................... 7,887 79 18,832 188 93,532 -- (351) (84,648) 8,800 unaudited: Exercise of stock options.............. -- -- 405 4 467 -- -- -- 471 Sale of common stock, net.................. -- -- 1 -- 1 -- -- -- 1 Deferred compensation......... -- -- -- -- 530 (530) -- -- -- Amortization of deferred compensation......... -- -- -- -- -- 11 -- -- 11 Foreign currency translation adjustment........... -- -- -- -- -- -- (64) -- (64) Net loss.............. -- -- -- -- -- -- -- (1,737) (1,737) -------- ------ ------ ---- ------- ------ ----- -------- -------- BALANCE AT MARCH 31, 1998 (unaudited)............ 7,887 $ 79 19,238 $192 $94,530 $(519) $(415) $(86,385) $ 7,482 ======== ====== ====== ==== ======= ====== ===== ======== ======== |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ECHELON CORPORATION
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(IN THOUSANDS)
FOR THE THREE MONTHS FOR THE YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, ENDED MARCH 31, ---------------------------------- ---------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- (UNAUDITED) CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES: Net loss................ $ (8,713) $ (10,716) $ (8,214) $(1,907) $(1,737) Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities: Depreciation and amortization.......... 988 771 715 141 194 Deferred compensation expense............... -- -- -- -- 11 Loss (gain) on disposal of fixed assets....... 10 (13) -- -- -- Change in operating assets and liabilities: Accounts receivable... (929) 332 (579) (216) (676) Inventories........... (476) 319 (852) (18) (732) Other current assets.. (300) 149 150 123 (186) Accounts payable...... 887 (439) 281 (142) 677 Accrued liabilities... 231 104 252 (57) (186) Deferred revenues..... (788) 552 (1,177) (853) (264) Deferred rent......... (86) (69) (57) (14) (30) ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- Net cash used in operating activities........... (9,176) (9,010) (9,481) (2,943) (2,929) ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES: Purchase of held-to- maturity short-term investments............ (31,974) (10,068) (10,740) -- -- Proceeds from maturities of held-to-maturity short-term investments............ 39,313 22,117 7,759 -- 2,981 Capital expenditures.... (882) (872) (628) (84) (167) Proceeds from sale of fixed assets........... -- 13 35 14 -- ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities.. 6,457 11,190 (3,574) (70) 2,814 ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES: Proceeds from issuance of preferred and common stock........... 1,954 1,911 10,196 16 472 ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- EFFECT OF EXCHANGE RATES ON CASH................. (62) (35) (320) (201) (64) ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- NET INCREASE (DECREASE) IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS........ (827) 4,056 (3,179) (3,198) 293 CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS: Beginning of period..... 4,822 3,995 8,051 8,051 4,872 ---------- ---------- ---------- ------- ------- End of period........... $ 3,995 $ 8,051 $ 4,872 $ 4,853 $ 5,165 ========== ========== ========== ======= ======= SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION: Cash paid for income taxes.................. $ 111 $ 123 $ 185 $ 14 $ 42 ========== ========== ========== ======= ======= |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 1997
(ALL INFORMATION FOR THE THREE MONTHS ENDED MARCH 31, 1997 AND 1998 IS
UNAUDITED)
1. ORGANIZATION OF THE COMPANY:
Echelon Corporation (the "Company") was incorporated in Delaware in January 1989. The Company develops, markets and supports a family of hardware and software products and services that enable OEMs and systems integrators to design and implement open, interoperable, distributed control networks. The Company's products are based on its LonWorks networking technology, an open standard for interoperable networked control developed by the Company. In a LonWorks control network, intelligent control devices, called nodes, communicate using the Company's LonTalk protocol. The Company sells its products and services to the building, industrial, transportation, home and other automation markets.
The Company emerged from the development stage during 1990. However, the
Company continues to be subject to the risks and challenges associated with
other companies in a comparable stage of development including among others:
history of losses; fluctuation in operating results; dependence on OEMs and
distribution channels; dependence on key manufacturers; competition;
dependence on key personnel; new products and rapid technological change;
market acceptance of interoperability; international operations and currency
fluctuations; lengthy sales cycle; limited protection of intellectual property
rights; risks of product defects or misuse; regulatory actions.
2. SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES:
Principles of Consolidation
The Company's consolidated financial statements reflect operations of the Company and its wholly owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated.
Unaudited Interim Financial Data
The unaudited financial statement data as of March 31, 1998 and for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998 has been prepared on the same basis as the audited consolidated financial statements and, in the opinion of management, include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) necessary to present fairly the financial information set forth therein, in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles.
Use of Estimates in the Preparation of Financial Statements
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Revenue Recognition
The Company's revenues are derived from the sale and license of its products and to a lesser extent, from fees associated with training and technical support offered to its customers. Product revenues consist of revenues from hardware sales and software licensing arrangements. Revenues from software licensing arrangements have not been significant to date. Service revenues consist of product support (including software post-contract support services) and training.
Revenue from hardware sales are recognized upon shipment to the customer. Estimated reserves for warranty costs as well as reserves for sales returns and allowances related to anticipated return of products sold to distributors with limited rights of return, which are not material to the consolidated financial statements, are
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
recorded at the time of sale. Revenue from software sales are recognized upon shipment of the software if there are no significant post-delivery obligations and if collection is probable. Service revenue is recognized as the training services are performed, or ratably over the term of the support period.
During 1990, the Company entered into separate licensing agreements with Motorola, Inc. ("Motorola") and one other major semiconductor company. Motorola is a significant stockholder and is also a related party to the Company due to its representation on the Company's Board of Directors during 1995, 1996 and part of 1997. The agreements provide, among other things, for the worldwide right to manufacture and distribute products subject to the licensed technology and requires the Company to provide support and unspecified updates to the licensed technology over the terms of the agreements. The agreements also provide for nonrefundable advance royalty payments. As of December 31, 1997, the Company has deferred $2,025,000 (of which $1,350,000 is classified as a long-term liability) of royalty payments that will be recognized in future periods. These payments are being recognized as revenue ratably over the ten-year royalty period due to the ongoing obligation to provide support and unspecified updates to the licensed technology. Any additional royalties that are reported by Motorola or the other company are recognized as revenue upon receipt of such royalties by the Company. Product revenues for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 each include $675,000 related to these advance royalty payments. For the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, Motorola accounted for approximately $595,000, $845,000 and $360,000 of total revenues, respectively.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers bank deposits, money market investments and U.S. government securities with an original maturity of three months or less as cash and cash equivalents.
Short-Term Investments
At December 31, 1997, short-term investments consist of U.S. government securities with original maturities of approximately five months. These short- term investments are classified as held-to-maturity and valued using the amortized cost method, which approximated the fair market value.
Inventories
Inventories are stated at the lower of cost (first-in, first-out) or market and include material, labor and manufacturing overhead. Inventories consist of the following (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, ------------- MARCH 31, 1996 1997 1998 ------ ------ ----------- (UNAUDITED) Purchased materials................................ $1,079 $1,791 $2,286 Work-in-process.................................... 129 130 133 Finished goods..................................... 384 523 757 ------ ------ ------ $1,592 $2,444 $3,176 ====== ====== ====== |
Property and Equipment
Property and equipment are stated at cost. Depreciation is provided using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of two to five years for computer and other equipment and furniture and fixtures. Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of the remaining lease term or the estimated useful life of the improvements using the straight-line method.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Software Development Costs
The Company capitalizes eligible computer software development costs upon the establishment of technological feasibility, which the Company has defined as completion of a working model. For the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997, and for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998, costs that were eligible for capitalization were insignificant and, thus, the Company has charged all software development costs to product development expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.
Foreign Currency Translation
The functional currency of the Company's subsidiaries is the local currency. Accordingly, all assets and liabilities are translated into U.S. dollars at the current exchange rate as of the applicable balance sheet date. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rate prevailing during the period. Gains and losses resulting from the translation of the financial statements are reported as a separate component of stockholders' equity.
Concentrations of Credit Risk
Financial instruments which potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk consist principally of temporary cash
investments and trade receivables. The Company has cash investment policies
that limit the amount of credit exposure to any one financial institution and
restrict placement of these investments to financial institutions evaluated as
highly creditworthy. Concentrations of credit risk with respect to trade
receivables are limited due to the large number of customers comprising the
Company's customer base and their dispersion across many different industries
and geographies. With respect to trade receivables, the Company performs
ongoing credit evaluations of its customers' financial condition.
Additionally, the Company establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based
upon factors surrounding the credit risk of specific customers, historical
trends and other available information.
Computation of Basic Net Loss Per Share and Pro Forma Basic Net Loss Per Share
Historical net loss per share has been calculated under Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 128, "Earnings per Share." SFAS No. 128 requires companies to compute earnings per share under two different methods (basic and diluted). Basic net loss per share is calculated by dividing net loss by the weighted average shares of common stock outstanding during the period. No diluted loss per share information has been presented in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations since potential common shares from the conversion of preferred stock, stock options and warrants are antidilutive. The Company evaluated the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 98 ("SAB 98"), and concluded that there are no nominal issuances of common stock or potential common stock which would be required to be shown as outstanding for all periods as outlined in SAB 98.
Pro forma basic net loss per share has been calculated assuming the conversion of the outstanding preferred stock into an equivalent number of shares of common stock, as if the shares had been converted on the dates of their issuance.
New Pronouncements
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income," which establishes standards for reporting and presentation of comprehensive income. SFAS No. 130, which was adopted by the Company in the first quarter of 1998, requires companies to report a new measurement of income. "Comprehensive Income (Loss)" is to include foreign currency translation gains and losses and other unrealized gains and losses that have historically been excluded from net income (loss) and reflected instead in equity. The following table reconciles comprehensive net loss under the provisions of SFAS No. 130 for
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 and for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998 (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, MARCH 31, -------------------------- ---------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- (UNAUDITED) Net loss..................... $(8,713) $(10,716) $(8,214) $(1,907) $(1,737) Foreign currency translation adjustments................. (62) (35) (320) (201) (64) ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Comprehensive net loss....... $(8,775) $(10,751) $(8,534) $(2,108) $(1,801) ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= |
In June 1997, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued SFAS No. 131, "Disclosures About Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information," which establishes standards for disclosure of segment information and which will be adopted by the Company in the fourth quarter of 1998. The Company anticipates that SFAS No. 131 will not have a material impact on its financial statements.
3. COMMITMENTS:
The Company leases its facilities under operating leases which expire on various dates through 2002. As of December 31, 1997, future minimum lease payments under such agreements were as follows (in thousands):
1998.................................. $1,579 1999.................................. 1,593 2000.................................. 804 2001.................................. 35 2002.................................. 35 ------ $4,046 ====== |
Rent expense for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 was approximately $1,645,000, $1,768,000 and $1,818,000, respectively. Certain lease agreements provide for escalating rent payments over the term of the lease. Rent expense under these agreements is recognized on a straight-line basis. As of December 31, 1996 and 1997, the Company has accrued approximately $440,000 and $383,000, respectively, of deferred rent related to these agreements of which $63,000 and $137,000 is included in accrued liabilities as of December 31, 1996 and 1997, respectively, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
4. MAJOR CUSTOMER AND GEOGRAPHIC AREA:
In 1996, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues. In 1995, 1997 and the three months ended March 31, 1998, one customer, who is also a distributor of the Company's products, accounted for 12.0%, 10.9% and 20.6% of total revenues, respectively. For the three months ended March 31, 1997, no single customer accounted for 10% or more of total revenues.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The Company operates in the control network industry segment. The Company's operations by geographic area were as follows (in thousands):
DECEMBER 31, MARCH 31, -------------------------- ---------------- 1995 1996 1997 1997 1998 ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- (UNAUDITED) Revenues from customers: United States............... $20,323 $ 21,445 $25,610 $ 6,805 $ 7,244 Japan....................... 3,020 2,545 2,692 669 715 ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Total...................... $23,343 $ 23,990 $28,302 $ 7,474 $ 7,959 ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= Intercompany revenues between geographic areas: United States............... $ 1,405 $ 2,085 $ 2,455 $ 741 $ 693 Japan....................... -- -- -- -- -- Europe and Other............ 3,257 4,025 4,523 1,024 1,031 Eliminations................ (4,662) (6,110) (6,978) (1,765) (1,724) ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Total...................... $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- $ -- ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= Income (loss) from operations: United States............... $(6,974) $ (6,414) $(3,413) $ (777) $ (642) Japan....................... 118 (854) (1,084) (158) (174) Europe and Other............ 250 380 350 75 83 Eliminations................ (3,248) (4,049) (4,375) (1,084) (1,024) ------- -------- ------- ------- ------- Total...................... $(9,854) $(10,937) $(8,522) $(1,944) $(1,757) ======= ======== ======= ======= ======= Identifiable assets: United States............... $22,741 $ 13,789 $14,203 $13,044 Japan....................... 1,264 1,191 1,800 1,886 Europe and Other............ 542 875 813 765 ------- -------- ------- ------- Total...................... $24,547 $ 15,855 $16,816 $15,695 ======= ======== ======= ======= |
Revenues from export sales (primarily to Europe) accounted for approximately 39.1%, 43.0%, 48.0%, 45.7% and 48.0% of total revenues for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 and for the three months ended March 31, 1997 and 1998, respectively.
The Company's operations are structured to achieve consolidated objectives.
As a result, significant interdependencies and overlaps exist among the
Company's operating units. Accordingly, the revenues from customers, income
(loss) from operations and identifiable assets shown for each geographic area
may not be indicative of the amounts that would have been reported if the
operating units were independent of one another.
Intercompany sales and transfers of manufacturing materials and finished goods between areas are accounted for based on established intercompany sales prices.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
5. PREFERRED STOCK:
Preferred stock outstanding consists of the following (in thousands, except share amounts):
DECEMBER 31, --------------------------------- MARCH 31, 1996 1997 1998 ---------------- ---------------- ---------------- ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL ADDITIONAL PAR PAID-IN PAR PAID-IN PAR PAID-IN VALUE CAPITAL VALUE CAPITAL VALUE CAPITAL ----- ---------- ----- ---------- ----- ---------- (UNAUDITED) Series B, 1,250,000 shares authorized, 1,250,000 shares outstanding in 1996, 1997 and 1998, liquidation preference of $7,500....... $13 $ 7,463 $13 $ 7,463 $13 $ 7,463 Series C, 1,608,000 shares authorized, 1,608,000 shares outstanding in 1996, 1997 and 1998, liquidation preference of $12,500...... 16 12,483 16 12,483 16 12,483 Series D, 3,172,000 shares authorized, 3,029,381 shares outstanding in 1996, 1997 and 1998, liquidation preference of $30,294...... 30 30,234 30 30,234 30 30,234 Series E, 2,400,000 shares authorized, no shares outstanding in 1996, 2,000,000 shares outstanding in 1997 and 1998, liquidation preference of $10,000...... -- -- 20 9,900 20 9,900 --- ------- --- ------- --- ------- Total...................... $59 $50,180 $79 $60,080 $79 $60,080 === ======= === ======= === ======= |
In February 1992, the Company completed a stock purchase agreement with Motorola whereby it sold 1,250,000 shares of its authorized Series B preferred stock at $6.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $7,500,000 to the Company. In January 1993, the Company completed a stock purchase agreement with Motorola whereby it sold 1,608,000 shares of its authorized Series C preferred stock at $7.77 per share for total gross proceeds of $12,500,000 to the Company. In 1994, the Company completed a stock purchase agreement with Motorola and two new investors whereby it sold 1,000,000 shares of its authorized Series D preferred stock at $10.00 per share to each investor for total gross proceeds of $30,000,000 to the Company. In May 1997, the Company completed a stock purchase agreement with existing shareholders whereby it sold 2,000,000 shares of its authorized Series E preferred stock at $5.00 per share for total gross proceeds of $10,000,000 to the Company. Motorola is a party to certain licensing agreements discussed in Note 2.
In connection with the issuance of the Series D preferred stock to Motorola in 1994, Motorola was granted the right to purchase additional shares of Series D preferred stock in order to maintain its ownership percentage (the "Motorola Purchase Right"). The Motorola Purchase Right expires upon the closing of an underwritten public offering of the common stock which results in gross proceeds to the Company of not less than $15,000,000. The exercise price of the stock purchase right is the last sales price per share of preferred stock sold by the Company. During 1995, Motorola purchased 29,381 shares of Series D preferred stock at $10.00 per share under this agreement. During 1996 and 1997, Motorola did not purchase any shares of preferred stock under this agreement. As of December 31, 1997, Motorola had the right to purchase approximately 49,000 additional shares of Series D preferred stock under this agreement which expired in February 1998.
The rights and preferences of the Series B, C, D and E convertible preferred stock are as follows:
(A) Each holder of Series B, C, D and E convertible preferred stock is entitled to receive noncumulative dividends at a rate of $0.48, $0.622, $0.80 and $0.40 per share, respectively, per annum, when and as declared by the Board of Directors, prior to payment of dividends on common stock. To date, no dividends have been declared by the Board of Directors for the preferred stock.
(B) Each share of Series B, C, D and E preferred stock is convertible at the option of the holder, at any time after the issuance of such share, into such number of fully paid and nonassessable shares of common stock as is determined by the conversion rate. The initial conversion rate shall be one for one and is subject to adjustment upon the occurrence of specific events. The preferred shares automatically convert into shares of common stock upon the earlier of (1) the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Series B, C, D and E preferred stock to cause all outstanding shares of Series B, C, D and E preferred stock to be converted; or (2) the closing of an underwritten public offering of the common stock which results in gross proceeds to the Company of not less than $15,000,000.
(C) In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company, either voluntary or involuntary, the holders of the Series B, C, D and E preferred stock shall be entitled to receive $6.00, $7.7736, $10.00 and $5.00 per share, respectively, plus any declared but unpaid dividends, prior to any distribution to the holders of common stock.
(D) The holder of each share of Series B, C, D and E preferred stock is entitled to vote in an amount equivalent to the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock could be converted.
(E) Without the approval of a majority of the holders of the outstanding shares of Series B, C, D and E preferred stock, the Company cannot, among other things, materially alter or change the powers, preferences or special rights of the Series B, C, D and E preferred stock so as to affect them adversely.
6. COMMON STOCK:
The Company sold 975,000, 1,005,000 and 5,000 shares of common stock during 1995, 1996 and 1997, respectively, at the fair value, as determined by the Board of Directors, of $1.00 per share to $1.29 per share during 1995, $1.29 per share to $1.40 per share during 1996 and $1.40 per share during 1997 under stock purchase agreements, primarily to certain officers of the Company. The stock purchased under these agreements vests annually over four years. As of December 31, 1997, 1,322,500 shares of common stock issued and outstanding under these stock purchase agreements and previous stock purchase agreements were unvested and subject to repurchase by the Company at prices ranging from $0.77 to $1.40 per share and a weighted average price of $1.26 per share.
Warrants
In connection with the issuance of the Series D preferred stock in 1994, the Company granted certain investment bankers warrants to purchase 30,000 shares of the Company's common stock at $12.00 per share (the "Common Stock Warrants"). The Common Stock Warrants expire upon the earlier of (i) February 2, 1999 or (ii) the consummation of any transaction resulting in the sale, transfer or disposition of all or substantially all of the Company's assets or the merger of the Company with or into, or consolidation with, any other corporation, whereby the holders of the Company's voting securities prior to the transaction do not hold more than 50% of the voting securities of the surviving entity following consummation of the transaction ("Change in Control"). At December 31, 1997, these Common Stock Warrants were exercisable but no warrants had been exercised.
In addition, in connection with the issuance of the Series E preferred stock in 1997, warrants to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Series E preferred stock (or common stock, if all Series E preferred stock has then been converted into common stock) at a per share exercise price of $5.00 were issued (the "Series E Warrants" and together with the Common Stock Warrants, the "Warrants"). The Series E Warrants are exercisable at any time until their expiration on the earlier of May 15, 2002 or a Change in Control. Each Warrant contains a cashless conversion right that allows the holder to receive a number of shares of the Company's common stock or Series E preferred stock, as applicable, equal to the quotient obtained by dividing the value of the Warrant on the date of exercise, which value is determined by subtracting (i) the aggregate exercise price of the Warrant from (ii) the aggregate fair market value of the Warrant shares on the date of exercise, by the fair market value of one share of the Company's Common Stock or Series E Preferred Stock, as applicable, on the date of exercise, as determined by the Company's Board of Directors. At December 31, 1997, these Series E Warrants are exercisable but no warrants had been exercised.
At the date of issuance, the fair market value of these Warrants was deemed to be immaterial.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
1988 Stock Option Plan
During 1988, the Company adopted the 1988 Stock Option Plan (the "1988 Plan") for key employees, officers and directors. The Company has reserved 8,900,000 shares under the 1988 Plan. Incentive stock options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted at not less than 100% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors, and generally have a term of five years from the date of grant, not to exceed ten years. The 1988 Plan also provides for holders of non-qualified stock options to purchase shares at not less than 85% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors. Options generally vest ratably over four years.
The 1988 Plan also allows for the issuance of options which are immediately exercisable through execution of a restricted stock purchase agreement. Shares purchased pursuant to a stock purchase agreement generally vest over four years. Options granted under the 1988 Plan will remain outstanding in accordance with their original terms. However, effective April 1997, the Board of Directors determined that no further options will be granted under the 1988 Plan.
1997 Stock Plan
During 1997, the Company adopted the 1997 Stock Plan (the "1997 Plan") for key employees, officers and directors. The Company has reserved 5,000,000 shares under the 1997 Plan. In February 1998, the Board of Directors authorized an increase in the number of shares reserved for issuance under the 1997 Plan to 6,200,000 shares. Incentive stock options to purchase shares of common stock may be granted at not less than 100% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors, and generally have a term of five years from the date of grant, not to exceed ten years. The 1997 Plan also provides for holders of non-qualified stock options to purchase shares at not less than 85% of the fair market value, as determined by the Board of Directors. Options generally vest ratably over four years.
The 1997 Plan also allows for the issuance of options which are immediately exercisable through execution of a restricted stock purchase agreement. Shares purchased pursuant to a stock purchase agreement generally vest annually over four years. In the event of termination of employment, the Company may repurchase unvested shares at a price equal to the original issuance price. As of December 31, 1997, no shares of common stock were issued and outstanding under these restricted stock purchase agreements.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Stock option activity under the 1988 and 1997 Plans is summarized below:
WEIGHTED NUMBER AVERAGE OF OPTIONS EXERCISE PRICE ---------- -------------- Options outstanding, December 31, 1994....... 2,227,000 $0.57 Grants.................. 943,800 1.11 Cancellations........... (104,551) 0.80 Exercises............... (1,072,373) 0.53 ---------- ----- Options outstanding, December 31, 1995....... 1,993,876 0.84 Grants.................. 1,618,700 1.38 Cancellations........... (130,938) 1.07 Exercises............... (630,124) 0.83 ---------- ----- Options outstanding, December 31, 1996....... 2,851,514 1.14 Grants.................. 2,185,700 1.40 Cancellations........... (366,626) 1.29 Exercises............... (354,156) 0.83 ---------- ----- Options outstanding, December 31, 1997....... 4,316,432 1.28 Grants.................. 215,250 2.00 Cancellations........... (43,938) 1.24 Exercises............... (405,049) 1.16 ---------- ----- Options outstanding, March 31, 1998 (unaudited)............. 4,082,695 $1.33 ========== ===== Exercisable at December 31, 1997................ 4,316,432 $1.28 ========== ===== Exercisable at March 31, 1998 (unaudited)........ 3,932,695 $1.31 ========== ===== |
The following table summarizes the stock options outstanding as of December 31, 1997:
OPTIONS OUTSTANDING OPTIONS VESTED --------------------------------------------------------------------- WEIGHTED NUMBER AVERAGE WEIGHTED NUMBER WEIGHTED OUTSTANDING AT REMAINING AVERAGE VESTED AVERAGE EXERCISE DECEMBER 31, LIFE (IN EXERCISE DECEMBER 31, EXERCISE PRICE RANGE 1997 YEARS) PRICE 1997 PRICE ----------- -------------- --------- -------- ------------ -------- $0.15 25,500 1.7 $0.15 25,500 $0.15 0.60-0.77 431,189 1.2 0.72 321,300 0.70 0.97-1.40 3,859,743 3.8 1.35 524,490 1.27 --------- --- ----- ------- ----- 0.15-1.40 4,316,432 3.5 $1.28 871,290 $1.03 ========= === ===== ======= ===== |
Certain options issued under the 1988 and 1997 Plans may be exercised any time prior to their expiration. In addition, the Company has the right, upon termination of an optionholder's employment or service with the Company, at its discretion, to repurchase any unvested shares issued under the 1988 and 1997 Plans at the original purchase price. As of December 31, 1997 and March 31, 1998, 220,938 and 479,938 shares, respectively, were subject to repurchase by the Company at prices ranging from $0.77 to $1.40 per share and a weighted average repurchase price of $1.12 and $1.27, respectively. Of the 4,316,432 options exercisable at December 31, 1997, 871,290 were vested, and of the 3,932,695 options exercisable at March 31, 1998, 764,915 were vested.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
In connection with the issuance of stock options to employees during the three months ended March 31, 1998, the Company has recorded deferred compensation in the aggregate amount of approximately $530,000, representing the difference between the deemed fair value of the Company's common stock and the exercise price of the stock options at the date of grant. The Company is amortizing the deferred compensation expense over the shorter of the period in which the employee provides services or the applicable vesting period, which is typically 48 months. For the three-month period ended March 31, 1998, amortization expense was approximately $11,000. Deferred compensation is decreased in the period of forfeiture arising from the early termination of an option holder's services. No compensation expense related to any other periods presented has been recorded.
The Company accounts for the Plans under APB Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees." Had compensation expense for the Plans been determined consistent with SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation," the Company's net loss and basic net loss per share would have been increased to the following pro forma amounts (in thousands, except per share amounts):
YEARS ENDED DECEMBER 31, -------------------------- 1995 1996 1997 ------- -------- ------- Net loss: As reported.................................... $(8,713) $(10,716) $(8,214) Pro forma...................................... (8,789) (10,992) (8,626) Basic net loss per share: As reported.................................... $ (0.56) $ (0.62) $ (0.44) Pro forma...................................... (0.56) (0.63) (0.46) |
The weighted-average grant date fair value of options granted during 1995, 1996 and 1997 was $0.08, $0.17 and $0.19, respectively. The fair value of each option grant is estimated on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option pricing model with the following weighted average assumptions used for grants in 1995, 1996 and 1997: risk-free interest rates of 5.95%, 6.10% and 5.60%, respectively; expected dividend yields of zero percent; expected lives of 4 years; expected volatility of effectively zero percent.
Shares Reserved
At December 31, 1997, the Company has reserved shares of its common stock as follows:
Conversion of convertible preferred stock......................... 7,887,381 Exercise and future issuance of stock options..................... 7,265,382 Warrants.......................................................... 430,000 Series D purchase right-Motorola.................................. 49,000 ---------- 15,631,763 ========== |
7. INCOME TAXES:
The Company accounts for income taxes using SFAS No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes". SFAS No. 109 provides for an asset and liability approach under which deferred income taxes are based upon enacted tax laws and rates applicable to the periods in which the taxes become payable.
Income taxes for the years ended December 31, 1995, 1996 and 1997 primarily consist of taxes related to foreign subsidiaries.
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
The components of the net deferred income tax asset as of December 31, 1996 and 1997 are as follows (in thousands):
1996 1997 -------- -------- Net operating loss carryforwards......................... $ 23,986 $ 26,315 Deferred revenue......................................... 1,084 940 Tax credit carryforwards................................. 3,051 3,537 Capitalized research and development costs............... 1,469 1,852 Reserves and other cumulative temporary differences...... 1,104 906 -------- -------- 30,694 33,550 Valuation allowance...................................... (30,694) (33,550) -------- -------- Net deferred income tax asset............................ $ -- $ -- ======== ======== |
As of December 31, 1997, the Company had net operating loss carryforwards for Federal and state income tax reporting purposes of approximately $76.0 million and $5.0 million, respectively, which expire at various dates through 2012. In addition, as of December 31, 1997, the Company had tax credit carryforwards of approximately $3.5 million, which expire at various dates through 2012. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, contains provisions that may limit the net operating loss and credit carryforwards available for use in any given period upon the occurrence of certain events, including a significant change in ownership interests.
A valuation allowance has been recorded for the entire deferred tax asset as a result of uncertainties regarding the realization of the asset balance due to the history of losses and the variability of operating results.
8. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS (UNAUDITED):
Pro Forma Stockholders' Equity
In April 1998, the Board of Directors authorized the filing of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission permitting the Company to sell shares of its common stock in connection with the proposed initial public offering ("IPO"). In addition, the Board of Directors authorized the Company to amend its articles of incorporation, whereby the Company will be authorized to issue 100,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock. If the offering is consummated under the terms presently anticipated, all of the currently outstanding preferred stock will automatically convert into 7,887,381 shares of common stock upon the closing of the IPO. The effect of the above has been reflected in the accompanying unaudited pro forma stockholders' equity as of March 31, 1998.
1998 Directors Option Plan
Non-employee directors are entitled to participate in the 1998 Director Option Plan (the "Director Plan"). The Director Plan was adopted by the Board of Directors in May 1998, is subject to stockholder approval and will not become effective until the date of this offering. The Director Plan has a term of ten years, unless terminated sooner by the Board. A total of 300,000 shares of Common Stock have been reserved for issuance under the Director Plan, plus an increase each year equal to 100,000 shares or such lesser amount as the Board may determine.
The Director Plan provides for the automatic grant of 25,000 shares of common stock (the "First Option") to each non-employee director on the date he or she first becomes a director (provided that such person joins the Board after May 29, 1998). Each non-employee director shall also automatically be granted an option to purchase 10,000 shares (a "Subsequent Option") on both the effective date of this offering and on the date of the
ECHELON CORPORATION
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS--(CONTINUED)
Company's Annual Stockholder Meeting provided that he or she is re-elected to the Board or otherwise remains on the Board, if on such date he or shall have served on the Board for at least the preceding six months. Each First Option and each Subsequent Option shall have a term of five years and the shares subject to the option shall vest as to 25% of the shares subject to option on each anniversary of the date of grant. The exercise price of each First Option and Subsequent Option shall be 100% of the fair market value per share of the common stock, generally determined with reference to the closing price of the common stock as reported on the Nasdaq National Market on the date of grant. On the effective date of this offering options to purchase an aggregate of 60,000 shares will be granted under the Director Plan, with an exercise price equal to the initial public offering price per share.
In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation or the sale of substantially all of the assets of the Company, each option shall be assumed or an equivalent option may be substituted by the successor corporation. Following such assumption or substitution, if the optionee's status as a director of the successor corporation terminates other than upon a voluntary resignation by the optionee, the option shall become fully exercisable, including as to shares as to which it would not otherwise be exercisable. If the outstanding options are not assumed or substituted, the options shall become fully vested and exercisable. Options granted under the Director Plan must be exercised within three months of the end of the optionee's tenure as a director of the Company, or within twelve months after such director's termination by death or disability, but in no event later than the expiration of the option's five year term; provided, however, that shares subject to an option granted to a director who has served as a director with the Company for at least five years shall become fully vested and exercisable for the remainder of the option's five year term upon such director's termination. No option granted under the Director Plan is transferable by the optionee other than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, and each option is exercisable, during the lifetime of the optionee, only by such optionee.
Bank Revolving Line of Credit Agreement
In May 1998, the Company entered into a revolving line of credit agreement with a bank, whereby the Company may borrow up to 85% of eligible accounts receivable, not to exceed $5.0 million. If the credit agreement had been in place as of April 30, 1998, the amount available to be borrowed would have been $2.6 million. Advances under the credit agreement bear interest at the bank's reference rate or, at the option of the Company, at a fixed rate of interest equal to the London interbank offered rate plus 150 basis points. As of May 31, 1998, there was approximately $65,000 outstanding under this line of credit in the form of a letter of credit. The credit agreement, which expires in May 1999, contains certain negative covenants restricting the Company's ability to pay dividends or enter into certain financial transactions. The credit agreement also contains a minimum tangible net worth requirement, determined on a quarterly basis.
No dealer, sales representative, or any other person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations in connection with this of- fering other than those contained in this Prospectus, and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been au- thorized by the Company or any of the Underwriters. This Prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or a solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the Common Stock to which it relates or an offer to, or a solicita- tion of, any person in any jurisdiction where such an offer or solicitation would be unlawful. Neither the delivery of this Prospectus nor any sale made hereunder shall, under any circumstances, create any implication that there has been no change in the affairs of the Company since the date hereof or that the information contained herein is correct as of any time subsequent to the date hereof.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ---- Prospectus Summary....................................................... 3 Risk Factors............................................................. 5 Use of Proceeds.......................................................... 16 Dividend Policy.......................................................... 16 Capitalization........................................................... 17 Dilution................................................................. 18 Selected Consolidated Financial Data..................................... 19 Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations........................................................... 20 Business................................................................. 28 Management............................................................... 39 Certain Transactions..................................................... 48 Principal Stockholders................................................... 50 Description of Capital Stock............................................. 53 Shares Eligible for Future Sale.......................................... 56 Underwriting............................................................. 58 Legal Matters............................................................ 60 Experts.................................................................. 60 Additional Information................................................... 60 Index to Consolidated Financial Statements............................... F-1 |
Until , 1998 (25 days after the date of this Prospectus), all dealers ef- fecting transactions in the Common Stock offered hereby, whether or not partic- ipating in this distribution, may be required to deliver a Prospectus. This is in addition to the obligation of dealers to deliver a Prospectus when acting as Underwriters and with respect to their unsold allotments or subscriptions.
5,000,000 SHARES
[LOGO OF ECHELON(R)]
COMMON STOCK
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
BancAmerica Robertson Stephens
Volpe Brown Whelan & Company
, 1998
PART II
INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS
ITEM 13. OTHER EXPENSES OF ISSUANCE AND DISTRIBUTION
The following table sets forth the costs and expenses, other than the underwriting discount, payable by the Registrant in connection with the sale of Common Stock being registered. All amounts are estimates except the SEC registration fee and the NASD filing fee.
AMOUNT TO BE PAID -------- SEC registration fee............................................... $ 15,266 NASD filing fee.................................................... 5,675 Printing and engraving expenses.................................... 125,000 Legal fees and expenses............................................ 300,000 Accounting fees and expenses....................................... 150,000 Blue Sky qualification fees and expenses........................... 10,000 Transfer agent and registrar fees.................................. 10,000 Miscellaneous fees................................................. 84,059 -------- Total............................................................ $700,000 ======== |
ITEM 14. INDEMNIFICATION OF DIRECTORS AND OFFICERS
As permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Registrant's Certificate of Incorporation includes a provision that eliminates the personal liability of its directors for monetary damages for breach or alleged breach of their duty of care. In addition, as permitted by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law, the Bylaws of the Registrant provide that: (i) the Registrant is required to indemnify its directors and executive officers and persons serving in such capacities in other business enterprises (including, for example, subsidiaries of the Registrant) at the Registrant's request, to the fullest extent permitted by Delaware law, including in those circumstances in which indemnification would otherwise be discretionary; (ii) the Registrant may, in its discretion, indemnify employees and agents in those circumstances where indemnification is not required by law; (iii) the Registrant is required to advance expenses, as incurred, to its directors and executive officers in connection with defending a proceeding (except that it is not required to advance expenses to a person against whom the Registrant brings a claim for breach of the duty of loyalty, failure to act in good faith, intentional misconduct, knowing violation of law or deriving an improper personal benefit; (iv) the rights conferred in the Bylaws are not exclusive, and the Registrant is authorized to enter into indemnification agreements with its directors, executive officers and employees; and (v) the Registrant may not retroactively amend the Bylaw provisions in a way that is adverse to such directors, executive officers and employees.
The Registrant's policy is to enter into indemnification agreements with each of its directors and executive officers that provide the maximum indemnity allowed to directors and executive officers by Section 145 of the Delaware General Corporation Law and Bylaws, as well as certain additional procedural protections. In addition, such indemnity agreements provide that directors and executive officers will be indemnified to the fullest possible extent not prohibited by law against all expenses (including attorney's fees) and settlement amounts paid or incurred by them in any action or proceeding, including any derivative action by or in the right of the Registrant, on account of their services as directors or executive officers of the Registrant or as directors or officers of any other Company or enterprise when they are serving in such capacities at the request of the Registrant. The Company will not be obligated pursuant to the indemnity agreements to indemnify or advance expenses to an indemnified party with respect to proceedings or claims initiated by the indemnified party and not by way of defense, except with respect to proceedings specifically authorized by the Board of Directors or brought to enforce a right to indemnification under the indemnity agreement, the Company's Bylaws or any statute or law. Under the agreements, the Company is not obligated to indemnify the indemnified party (i) for any expenses
II-1
incurred by the indemnified party with respect to any proceeding instituted by
the indemnified party to enforce or interpret the agreement, if a court of
competent jurisdiction determines that each of the material assertions made by
the indemnified party in such proceeding was not made in good faith or was
frivolous; (ii) for any amounts paid in settlement of a proceeding unless the
Company consents to such settlement; (iii) with respect to any proceeding
brought by the Company against the indemnified party for willful misconduct,
unless a court determines that each of such claims was not made in good faith
or was frivolous; (iv) on account of any suit in which judgment is rendered
against the indemnified party for an accounting of profits made from the
purchase or sale by the indemnified party of securities of the Company
pursuant to the provisions of (S)16(b) of the Exchange Act and related laws;
(v) on account of the indemnified party's conduct which is finally adjudged to
have been knowingly fraudulent or deliberately dishonest, or to constitute
willful misconduct or a knowing violation of the law; (vi) an account of any
conduct from which the indemnified party derived an improper personal benefit;
(vii) on account of conduct the indemnified party believed to be contrary to
the best interests of the Company or its stockholders; (viii) on account of
conduct that constituted a breach of the indemnified party's duty of loyalty
to the Company or its stockholders; or (ix) if a final decision by a court
having jurisdiction in the matter shall determine that such indemnification is
not lawful.
The indemnification provision in the Bylaws and the indemnification agreements entered into between the Registrant and its directors and executive officers, may be sufficiently broad to permit indemnification of the Registrant's officers and directors for liabilities arising under the Securities Act.
ITEM 15. RECENT SALES OF UNREGISTERED SECURITIES
(a) During the three-year period ended May 31, 1998, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,758,083 shares of unregistered Common Stock to 133 individuals who were officers, employees or former employees of the Company, for an aggregate offering price of $1,333,330. These shares were sold pursuant to the exercise of options issued under the Company's 1988 Stock Option Plan. As to each employee, officer and director of the Company who was issued such securities, the Company relied upon Rule 701 of the Securities Act. Each such person purchased securities of the Company pursuant to a written contract between such person and the Company; in addition, the Company met the conditions imposed under Rule 701(b).
(b) During the three-year period ended May 31, 1998, the Company sold an aggregate of 1,984,000 shares of unregistered Common Stock to eight individuals who were officers or employees of the Company or an entity affiliated with a member of the Company's Board of Directors, for an aggregate offering price of $2,672,750. These shares were sold pursuant to stock purchase agreements between the Company and such individuals and entities. As to each person who was issued such securities, the Company relied upon Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
(c) In May 1997 the Company sold an aggregate of 2,000,000 shares of unregistered Series E Preferred Stock to certain investors, each of which was an existing stockholder of the Company, for an aggregate offering price of $10,000,000. In connection therewith, the Company issued Warrants to seven investors to purchase an aggregate of 400,000 shares of Series E Preferred Stock. As to each investor constituting a "U.S. person" (within the meaning of Regulation S) who was issued such shares of Series E Preferred Stock, the Company relied upon Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act and Regulation D, Rule 506, thereunder. The sale of Series E Preferred Stock and the issuance of Warrants were made in compliance with all of the terms of Rules 501 and 502 of Regulation D, there were no more than 35 investors (as calculated pursuant to Rule 501(e) of Regulation D), and each investor who was not an accredited investor represented to the Company that he or she had such knowledge and experience in financial and business matters that he or she was capable of evaluating the merits and risks of the investment.
Appropriate legends were affixed to the share certificates issued in the transactions described above. All recipients had adequate access, through their relationships with the Company, to information about the Company.
II-2
(d) In January 1998, the Company registered with the Commission pursuant to a Regulation A Offering Statement options granted under the Company's 1997 Stock Plan to purchase up to 3,571,428 of the Company's Common Stock and the Common Stock issuable upon the exercise of such options. As of May 31, 1998, an aggregate of 332,625 shares of unregistered Common Stock have been sold upon exercise of stock options to 23 individuals who were officers, employers or former employees of the Company for an aggregate offering price of $495,678.
ITEM 16. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES
(A) EXHIBITS
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT ------- ----------------------- 1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement. 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant. 3.2* Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (to be effective upon closing of Offering). 3.3 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant. 4.1* Form of Registrant's Common Stock Certificate. 4.2 Second Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated May 15, 1997. 5.1* Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati P.C.regarding legality of the securities being issued. 10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by Registrant with each of its directors and executive officers. 10.2* 1997 Stock Plan and forms of related agreements. 10.3 1988 Stock Option Plan and forms of related agreements. 10.4 Second Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated May 15, 1997 (included in Exhibit 4.2). 10.5 Form of International Distributor Agreement. 10.6 Form of OEM License Agreement. 10.7 Form of Software License Agreement. 10.8 International Distributor Agreement between the Company and EBV Elektronik GmbH as of December 1, 1997. 10.9 1998 Director Option Plan. 21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant. 23.1* Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati (included in Exhibit 5.1). 23.2 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP (see page II-7). 24.1 Power of Attorney (see page II-6). 27.1 Financial Data Schedule (available in EDGAR format only). |
(B) FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULE Report of Independent Public Accountants on Sched- ule S-1 Schedule II--Valuation and Qualifying Accounts S-2 |
Schedules not listed above have been omitted because the information required to be set forth therein is not applicable or is shown in the financial statements or notes thereto.
II-3
ITEM 17. UNDERTAKINGS
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes to provide to the Underwriters at the closing specified in the Underwriting Agreement, certificates in such denominations and registered in such names as required by the Underwriters to permit prompt delivery to each purchaser.
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act, may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the California Corporation Law, the Registrant's Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation, the Registrant's Amended and Restated Bylaws, the Registrant's indemnification agreements or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act, and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered hereunder, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
The undersigned Registrant hereby undertakes that:
(1) For purposes of determining any liability under the Securities Act, the information omitted from the form of Prospectus filed as part of this Registration Statement in reliance upon Rule 430A and contained in a form of Prospectus filed by the Registrant pursuant to Rule 424(b)(1) or (4) or 497(h) under the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of this Registration Statement as of the time it was declared effective.
(2) For the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each post-effective amendment that contains a form of Prospectus shall be deemed to be a new Registration Statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement on Form S-1 to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of Palo Alto, State of California, on this 1st day of June 1998.
ECHELON CORPORATION
By: /s/ M. Kenneth Oshman ----------------------------------- M. Kenneth Oshman Chairman of the Board, President and Chief Executive Officer |
II-5
POWER OF ATTORNEY
KNOW ALL PERSONS BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints M. Kenneth Oshman and Oliver R. Stanfield and each of them singly, as true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him and in his name, place and stead, in any and all capacities to sign the Registration Statement filed herewith and any or all amendments to said Registration Statement (including post-effective amendments and registration statements filed pursuant to Rule 462 and otherwise), and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents the full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the foregoing, as full to all intents and purposes as he might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents or any of them, or his substitute, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.
Witness our hands on the date set forth below.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated:
SIGNATURES TITLE DATE /s/ M. Kenneth Oshman Chairman of the June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- Board, President M. KENNETH OSHMAN and Chief Executive Officer (Principal Executive Officer) /s/ Oliver R. Stanfield Vice President of June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- Finance and Chief OLIVER R. STANFIELD Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer and Principal Accounting Officer) /s/ Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr. Vice Chairman June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- ARMAS CLIFFORD MARKKULA, JR. /s/ Bertrand Cambou Director June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- BERTRAND CAMBOU /s/ Robert R. Maxfield Director June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- ROBERT R. MAXFIELD /s/ Richard M. Moley Director June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- RICHARD M. MOLEY /s/ Arthur Rock Director June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- ARTHUR ROCK /s/ Larry W. Sonsini Director June 1, 1998 ------------------------------------- LARRY W. SONSINI |
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EXHIBIT 23.2
CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS
As independent public accountants, we hereby consent to the use of our reports and to all references to our Firm included in or made a part of this Registration Statement.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
San Jose, California
June 1, 1998
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REPORT OF INDEPENDENT PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS ON SCHEDULE
To Echelon Corporation:
We have audited, in accordance with generally accepted auditing standards, the consolidated financial statements of Echelon Corporation and subsidiaries included in this Registration Statement and have issued our report thereon dated February 17, 1998. Our audits were made for the purpose of forming an opinion on the basic financial statements taken as a whole. The schedule listed in the index above is the responsibility of the Company's management and is presented for the purpose of complying with the Securities and Exchange Commission's rules and is not part of the basic financial statements. This schedule has been subjected to the auditing procedures applied in the audit of the basic financial statements and, in our opinion, fairly states in all material respects the financial data required to be set forth therein in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole.
ARTHUR ANDERSEN LLP
San Jose, California
February 17, 1998
ECHELON CORPORATION
SCHEDULE II--VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS (IN THOUSANDS)
COLUMN A COLUMN B COLUMN C COLUMN D COLUMN E ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- BALANCE AT CHARGED TO BALANCE BEGINNING COSTS AND AT END DESCRIPTION OF PERIOD EXPENSES DEDUCTIONS OF PERIOD ----------------------------------- ---------- ---------- ---------- --------- Year ended December 31, 1995: Allowance for returns and doubtful accounts.......................... $174 $304 $-- $478 Year ended December 31, 1996: Allowance for returns and doubtful accounts.......................... 478 341 -- 819 Year ended December 31, 1997: Allowance for returns and doubtful accounts.......................... 819 -- 257 562 |
EXHIBIT NO. DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT ------- ----------------------- 1.1 Form of Underwriting Agreement. 3.1 Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant. 3.2* Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Registrant (to be effective upon closing of Offering). 3.3 Amended and Restated Bylaws of Registrant. 4.1* Form of Registrant's Common Stock Certificate. 4.2 Second Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated May 15, 1997. 5.1* Opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati P.C.regarding legality of the securities being issued. 10.1 Form of Indemnification Agreement entered into by Registrant with each of its directors and executive officers. 10.2* 1997 Stock Plan and forms of related agreements. 10.3 1988 Stock Option Plan and forms of related agreements. 10.4 Second Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated May 15, 1997 (included in Exhibit 4.2). 10.5 Form of International Distributor Agreement. 10.6 Form of OEM License Agreement. 10.7 Form of Software License Agreement. 10.8 International Distributor Agreement between the Company and EBV Elektronik GmbH as of December 1, 1997. 10.9 1998 Director Option Plan. 21.1 Subsidiaries of the Registrant. 23.1* Consent of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati (included in Exhibit 5.1). 23.2 Consent of Arthur Andersen LLP (see page II-7). 24.1 Power of Attorney (see page II-6). 27.1 Financial Data Schedule (available in EDGAR format only). |
EXHIBIT 1.1
Underwriting Agreement
(Date)
NATIONSBANC MONTGOMERY SECURITIES LLC
BANCAMERICA ROBERTSON STEPHENS
VOLPE BROWN WHELAN & COMPANY, LLC
As Representatives of the several Underwriters
c/o NATIONSBANC MONTGOMERY SECURITIES LLC
600 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, California 94111
Ladies and Gentlemen:
Introductory. Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters named in Schedule A (the "Underwriters") an aggregate of [___] shares (the "Firm Common Shares") of its Common Stock, par value $.01 per share (the "Common Stock"). In addition, the Company has granted to the Underwriters an option to purchase up to an additional [___] shares (the "Optional Common Shares") of Common Stock, as provided in Section 2. The Firm Common Shares and, if and to the extent such option is exercised, the Optional Common Shares are collectively called the "Common Shares". NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC ("NMSL"), BancAmerica Robertson Stephens and Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC have agreed to act as representatives of the several Underwriters (in such capacity, the "Representatives") in connection with the offering and sale of the Common Shares.
The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") a registration statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-[___]), which contains a form of prospectus to be used in connection with the public offering and sale of the Common Shares. Such registration statement, as amended, including the financial statements, exhibits and schedules thereto, in the form in which it was declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act of 1933 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder (collectively, the "Securities Act"), including any information deemed to be a part thereof at the time of effectiveness pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 434 under the Securities Act, is called the "Registration Statement". Any registration statement filed by the Company pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act is called the "Rule 462(b) Registration Statement", and from and after the date and time of filing of the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement the term "Registration Statement" shall include the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement. Such prospectus, in the form first used by the Underwriters to confirm sales of the Common Shares, is called the "Prospectus"; provided, however, that if the Company has, with the consent of NMSL, elected to rely upon Rule 434 under the Securities Act,
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the term "Prospectus" shall mean the Company's prospectus subject to completion (each, a "preliminary prospectus") dated [___] (such preliminary prospectus is called the "Rule 434 preliminary prospectus"), together with the applicable term sheet (the "Term Sheet") prepared and filed by the Company with the Commission under Rules 434 and 424(b) under the Securities Act and all references in this Agreement to the date of the Prospectus shall mean the date of the Term Sheet. All references in this Agreement to the Registration Statement, the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, a preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or the Term Sheet, or any amendments or supplements to any of the foregoing, shall include any copy thereof filed with the Commission pursuant to its Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis and Retrieval System ("EDGAR").
The Company hereby confirms its agreements with the Underwriters as follows:
SECTION 1. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES.
The Company hereby represents, warrants and covenants to each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Compliance with Registration Requirements. The Registration Statement and any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement have been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act. The Company has complied to the Commission's satisfaction with all requests of the Commission for additional or supplemental information with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the transactions contemplated hereby. No stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement is in effect and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or, to the best knowledge of the Company, are contemplated or threatened by the Commission.
Each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus when filed complied in all material respects with the Securities Act and, if filed by electronic transmission pursuant to EDGAR (except as may be permitted by Regulation S-T under the Securities Act), was identical to the copy thereof delivered to the Underwriters for use in connection with the offer and sale of the Common Shares. Each of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, at the time it became effective and at all subsequent times, complied and will comply in all material respects with the Securities Act and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading. The Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, as of its date and at all subsequent times, did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. The representations and warranties set forth in the two immediately preceding sentences do not apply to statements in or omissions from the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or any post-effective amendment thereto, or the Prospectus, or any amendments or supplements thereto, made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by the Representative expressly for use therein. There are no contracts or other documents required to be described in the Prospectus or to be filed as exhibits to the Registration
2.
Statement which have not been described or filed as required.
(b) Offering Materials Furnished to Underwriters. The Company has delivered to each Representative one complete manually signed copy of the Registration Statement and of each consent and certificate of experts filed as a part thereof, and conformed copies of the Registration Statement (without exhibits) and preliminary prospectuses and the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, in such quantities and at such places as the Representatives have reasonably requested for each of the Underwriters.
(c) Distribution of Offering Material By the Company. The Company has not distributed and will not distribute, prior to the later of the Second Closing Date (as defined below) and the completion of the Underwriters' distribution of the Common Shares, any offering material in connection with the offering and sale of the Common Shares other than a preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or the Registration Statement, it being understood that the foregoing shall not prohibit the distribution of drafts of the preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus or the Registration Statement to any persons necessary for the preparation of offering materials and only for that purpose.
(d) The Underwriting Agreement. This Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by, and is a valid and binding agreement of, the Company, enforceable in accordance with its terms, except as rights to indemnification hereunder may be limited by applicable law or public policy and except as the enforcement hereof may be limited by bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights and remedies of creditors or by general equitable principles.
(e) Authorization of the Common Shares. The Common Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to this Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to this Agreement, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
(f) No Applicable Registration or Other Similar Rights. There are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by this Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived or relinquished in accordance with their terms.
(g) No Material Adverse Change. Except as otherwise disclosed in the Prospectus, subsequent to the respective dates as of which information is given in the Prospectus: (i) there has been no material adverse change, or any development that could reasonably be expected to result in a material adverse change, in the condition, financial or otherwise, or in the earnings, business, operations or prospects, whether or not arising from transactions in the ordinary course of business, of the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity (any such change is called a "Material Adverse Change"); (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries, considered as one entity, have not incurred any material liability or obligation, indirect, direct or contingent, not in the ordinary course of business nor entered into any material transaction or agreement not in the ordinary course of business; and (iii) there has been no dividend or distribution of any kind
3.
declared, paid or made by the Company or, except for dividends paid to the Company or other subsidiaries, any of its subsidiaries on any class of capital stock or repurchase or redemption by the Company or any of its subsidiaries of any class of capital stock.
(h) Independent Accountants. Arthur Andersen LLP, who have expressed their opinion with respect to the financial statements (which term as used in this Agreement includes the related notes thereto) and any supporting schedules filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus, are independent public or certified public accountants as required by the Securities Act.
(i) Preparation of the Financial Statements. The financial statements filed with the Commission as a part of the Registration Statement and included in the Prospectus present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of the Company and its subsidiaries as of and at the dates indicated and the results of their operations and cash flows for the periods specified in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved. Any supporting schedules included in the Registration Statement present fairly, in all material respects, the information required to be stated therein. Such financial statements and any such supporting schedules have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States applied on a consistent basis throughout the periods involved, except as may be expressly stated in the related notes thereto. No other financial statements or supporting schedules are required to be included in the Registration Statement. The financial data set forth in the Prospectus under the captions "Prospectus Summary--Summary Consolidated Financial Data", "Selected Consolidated Financial Data" and "Capitalization" fairly present the information set forth therein on a basis consistent with that of the audited financial statements contained in the Registration Statement.
(j) Incorporation and Good Standing of the Company and its Subsidiaries. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the jurisdiction of its incorporation and has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and, in the case of the Company, to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement. The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in the State of California and each other jurisdiction in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except for such jurisdictions (other than the State of California) where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing could not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. All of the issued and outstanding capital stock of each subsidiary has been duly authorized and validly issued, is fully paid and nonassessable and, except for directors' qualifying or local ownership shares, is owned by the Company, directly or through subsidiaries, free and clear of any security interest, mortgage, pledge, lien, encumbrance or claim. The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed in Exhibit 22.1 to the Registration Statement. The Company has no "significant subsidiaries" as that term is defined in Rule 1-02 (w) of regulation S-X under the Securities Act.
4.
(k) Capitalization and Other Capital Stock Matters. The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company is as set forth in the Prospectus under the caption "Capitalization" (other than for subsequent issuances, if any, pursuant to employee benefit plans described in the Prospectus or upon exercise of outstanding options or warrants described in the Prospectus). The Common Stock (including the Common Shares) conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Prospectus. All of the issued and outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable and have been issued in compliance with federal and state securities laws. None of the outstanding shares of Common Stock were issued in violation of any preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other similar rights to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company. There are no authorized or outstanding options, warrants, preemptive rights, rights of first refusal or other rights to purchase, or equity or debt securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for, any capital stock of the Company or any of its subsidiaries other than those accurately described in the Prospectus. The description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted thereunder, set forth in the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(l) Stock Exchange Listing. The Common Shares have been approved for inclusion on the Nasdaq National Market, subject only to official notice of issuance.
(m) Non-Contravention of Existing Instruments; No Further Authorizations or Approvals Required. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in violation of its charter or by-laws or is in default (or, with the giving of notice or lapse of time, would be in default) ("Default") under any indenture, mortgage, loan or credit agreement, note, contract, license, franchise, lease or other instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which it or any of them may be bound, or to which any of the property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject (each, an "Existing Instrument"), except for such Defaults as could not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change. The Company's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus (i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action and will not result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or by-laws of the Company or any subsidiary, (ii) will not conflict with or constitute a breach of, or Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company or any of its subsidiaries pursuant to, or require the consent of any other part to, any Existing Instrument, except for such conflicts, breaches, Defaults, liens, charges or encumbrances as could not reasonably be expected to, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change and (iii) will not result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative or court decree applicable to the Company or any subsidiary. No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental or regulatory authority or agency, is required for the Company's execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement and consummation of the transactions contemplated hereby and by the Prospectus, except such as have been obtained or made by the Company and are in full force and effect under the Securities Act, applicable state
5.
securities or blue sky laws and from the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD").
(n) No Material Actions or Proceedings. There are no legal or
governmental actions, suits or proceedings pending or, to the best of the
Company's knowledge, threatened (i) against or affecting the Company or any of
its subsidiaries, (ii) which has as the subject thereof any officer or director
of, or property owned or leased by, the Company or any of its subsidiaries or
(iii) relating to environmental or discrimination matters, where in any such
case (A) there is a reasonable possibility that such action, suit or proceeding
might be determined adversely to the Company or such subsidiary and (B) any such
action, suit or proceeding, if so determined adversely, would reasonably be
expected to result in a Material Adverse Change or adversely affect the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement. No material
labor dispute with the employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or
with the employees of any significant supplier of the Company, exists or, to the
best of the Company's knowledge, is threatened or imminent.
(o) Intellectual Property Rights. The Company and its subsidiaries own or possess sufficient trademarks, trade names, patent rights, copyrights, licenses, approvals, trade secrets and other similar rights (collectively, "Intellectual Property Rights") reasonably necessary to conduct their businesses as now conducted; and the expected expiration of any of such Intellectual Property Rights could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of infringement or conflict with asserted Intellectual Property Rights of others, which infringement or conflict, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, could not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(p) All Necessary Permits, etc. The Company and each subsidiary possess such valid and current certificates, authorizations or permits issued by the appropriate state, federal or foreign regulatory agencies or bodies necessary to conduct their respective businesses in all material respects, and neither the Company nor any subsidiary has received any notice of proceedings relating to the revocation or modification of, or non-compliance with, any such certificate, authorization or permit which, singly or in the aggregate, if the subject of an unfavorable decision, ruling or finding, could reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change.
(q) Title to Properties. The Company and each of its subsidiaries has good and marketable title to all the properties and assets reflected as owned in the financial statements referred to in Section 1(i) above or elsewhere in the Prospectus, in each case free and clear of any security interests, mortgages, liens, encumbrances, equities, claims and other defects, except such as do not materially and adversely affect the value of such property and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such property by the Company or such subsidiary. The real property, improvements, equipment and personal property held under lease by the Company or any subsidiary are held under valid and enforceable leases, with such exceptions as are not material and do not materially interfere with the use made or proposed to be made of such real property, improvements, equipment or personal property by the Company or such subsidiary.
(r) Tax Law Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries have filed all
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necessary federal, state and foreign income and franchise tax returns or have properly requested extensions thereof and have paid all material taxes required to be paid by any of them and, if due and payable, any related or similar assessment, fine or penalty levied against any of them. The Company has made adequate charges, accruals and reserves in the applicable financial statements referred to in Section 1 ((A)( (i) above in respect of all federal, state and foreign income and franchise taxes for all periods as to which the tax liability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has not been finally determined.
(s) Company Not an "Investment Company". The Company has been advised of the rules and requirements under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "Investment Company Act"). The Company is not, and after receipt of payment for the Common Shares will not be, an "investment company" within the meaning of Investment Company Act and will conduct its business in a manner so that it will not become subject to the Investment Company Act.
(t) Insurance. Each of the Company and its subsidiaries are insured
by recognized, financially sound and reputable institutions with policies in
such amounts and with such deductibles and covering such risks as are generally
deemed adequate and customary for their businesses including, but not limited
to, policies covering real and personal property owned or leased by the Company
and its subsidiaries against theft, damage, destruction and acts of vandalism.
The Company has no reason to believe that it or any subsidiary will not be able
(i) to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such policies expire or
(ii) to obtain comparable coverage from similar institutions as may be necessary
or appropriate to conduct its business as now conducted and at a cost that could
not reasonably be expected to result in a Material Adverse Change. Neither of
the Company nor any subsidiary has been denied any insurance coverage which it
has sought or for which it has applied.
(u) No Price Stabilization or Manipulation. The Company has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that might be reasonably expected to cause or result in stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Common Stock to facilitate the sale or resale of the Common Shares.
(v) Related Party Transactions. There are no business relationships or related-party transactions involving the Company or any subsidiary or to the Company's knowledge, any other person required to be described in the Prospectus which have not been described as required.
(w) No Unlawful Contributions or Other Payments. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries nor, to the best of the Company's knowledge, any employee or agent of the Company or any subsidiary, has made any contribution or other payment to any official of, or candidate for, any federal, state or foreign office in violation of any law or of the character required to be disclosed in the Prospectus.
(x) Company's Accounting System. The Company maintains a system of accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurances that (i) transactions are executed in
7.
accordance with management's general or specific authorization; (ii) transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles as applied in the United States and to maintain accountability for assets; (iii) access to assets is permitted only in accordance with management's general or specific authorization; and (iv) the recorded accountability for assets is compared with existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with respect to any differences.
(y) Compliance with Environmental Laws. Except as could not,
individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to result in a Material
Adverse Change (i) neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is in
violation of any federal, state, local or foreign law or regulation relating to
pollution or protection of human health or the environment (including, without
limitation, ambient air, surface water, groundwater, land surface or subsurface
strata) or wildlife, including without limitation, laws and regulations relating
to emissions, discharges, releases or threatened releases of chemicals,
pollutants, contaminants, wastes, toxic substances, hazardous substances,
petroleum and petroleum products (collectively, "Materials of Environmental
Concern"), or otherwise relating to the manufacture, processing, distribution,
use, treatment, storage, disposal, transport or handling of Materials of
Environment Concern (collectively, "Environmental Laws"), which violation
includes, but is not limited to, noncompliance with any permits or other
governmental authorizations required for the operation of the business of the
Company or its subsidiaries under applicable Environmental Laws, or
noncompliance with the terms and conditions thereof, nor has the Company or any
of its subsidiaries received any written communication, whether from a
governmental authority, citizens group, employee or otherwise, that alleges that
the Company or any of its subsidiaries is in violation of any Environmental Law;
(ii) there is no claim, action or cause of action filed with a court or
governmental authority, no investigation with respect to which the Company has
received written notice, and no written notice by any person or entity alleging
potential liability of the Company or any of its subsidiaries for investigatory
costs, cleanup costs, governmental responses costs, natural resources damages,
property damages, personal injuries, attorneys' fees or penalties arising out
of, based on or resulting from the presence, or release into the environment, of
any Material of Environmental Concern at any location owned, leased or operated
by the Company or any of its subsidiaries, now or in the past (collectively,
"Environmental Claims"), pending or, to the best of the Company's knowledge,
threatened against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any person or
entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or any of its
subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by operation of
law; and (iii) to the best of the Company's knowledge, there are no past or
present actions, activities, circumstances, conditions, events or incidents,
including, without limitation, the release, emission, discharge, presence or
disposal of any Material of Environmental Concern, that reasonably could result
in a violation of any Environmental Law or form the basis of a potential
Environmental Claim against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or against
any person or entity whose liability for any Environmental Claim the Company or
any of its subsidiaries has retained or assumed either contractually or by
operation of law.
(z) ERISA Compliance. The Company and its subsidiaries and any "employee benefit plan" (as defined under the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (collectively, "ERISA"))
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established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or their "ERISA Affiliates" (as defined below) are in compliance in all material respects with ERISA. "ERISA Affiliate" means, with respect to the Company or a subsidiary, any member of any group of organizations described in Sections 414(b),(c),(m) or (o) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations and published interpretations thereunder (the "Code") of which the Company or such subsidiary is a member. No "reportable event" (as defined under ERISA) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur with respect to any "employee benefit plan" established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates. No "employee benefit plan" established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates, if such "employee benefit plan" were terminated, would have any "amount of unfunded benefit liabilities" (as defined under ERISA). Neither the Company, its subsidiaries nor any of their ERISA Affiliates has incurred or reasonably expects to incur any liability under (i) Title IV of ERISA with respect to termination of, or withdrawal from, any "employee benefit plan" or (ii) Sections 412, 4971, 4975 or 4980B of the Code. Each "employee benefit plan" established or maintained by the Company, its subsidiaries or any of their ERISA Affiliates that is intended to be qualified under Section 401(a) of the Code is so qualified and nothing has occurred, whether by action or failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification.
(aa) Shares Subject to Lock-Up Agreement. Each (a) holder of a currently outstanding option issued under the 1988 Stock Option Plan, the 1997 Stock Option Plan or the 1998 Director's Option Plan (collectively, the "Option Plans"), (b) each person who has acquired shares of Common Stock pursuant to the exercise of any option granted under the Option Plans, (c) each person that holds shares of the Company's convertible stock subject to that certain Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated as of May 15, 1997 (the "Modification Agreement"), by and between the Company and certain purchasers identified therein, or has acquired shares of the Company's capital stock, directly or indirectly, pursuant to conversion of said shares, and (d) each person that has acquired shares of Common Stock, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a transfer of shares from any such persons, is bound by a provision under the Option Plans and/or the Modification Agreement that none of such options (including securities issued or issuable upon exercise of such options) or shares, as the case may be, may be sold or otherwise transferred or disposed of for a period of 180 days after the date of the initial public offering of the Shares (a "Lock- Up"). Attached hereto as Exhibit C is a true and complete list of all persons subject to a Lock-Up, specifying the document containing the applicable Lock-Up provision. The Company has (i) notified each such person that, pursuant to the terms of the Option Plans and/or Modification Agreement, none of such options or shares (including securities issued or issuable upon exercise of such options) or shares, as the case may be, may be sold or otherwise transferred or disposed of for a period of 180 days after the date of the initial public offering of the Shares and (ii) has imposed a stop-transfer instruction with the Company's transfer agent in order to enforce the foregoing Lock-Ups in full.
Any certificate signed by an officer of the Company and delivered to the Representative or to counsel for the Underwriters shall be deemed to be a representation and warranty by the Company to each Underwriter as to the matters set forth therein.
SECTION 2. PURCHASE, SALE AND DELIVERY OF THE COMMON SHARES.
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The Firm Common Shares. The Company agrees to issue and sell to the several Underwriters the Firm Common Shares upon the terms herein set forth. On the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Underwriters agree, severally and not jointly, to purchase from the Company the respective number of Firm Common Shares set forth opposite their names on Schedule A. The purchase price per Firm Common Share to be paid by the several Underwriters to the Company shall be $[___] per share.
The First Closing Date. Delivery of certificates for the Firm Common
Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters and payment therefor shall be made at
the offices of NMSL, 600 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California (or such
other place as may be agreed to by the Company and the Representative) at 6:00
a.m. San Francisco time, on [___], or such other time and date not later than
10:30 a.m. San Francisco time, on [___] as the Representative shall designate by
notice to the Company (the time and date of such closing are called the "First
Closing Date"). The Company hereby acknowledges that circumstances under which
the Representatives may provide notice to postpone the First Closing Date as
originally scheduled include, but are in no way limited to, any determination by
the Company or the Representatives to recirculate to the public copies of an
amended or supplemented Prospectus or a delay as contemplated by the provisions
of Section 10.
The Optional Common Shares; the Second Closing Date. In addition, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements herein contained, and upon the terms but subject to the conditions herein set forth, the Company hereby grants an option to the several Underwriters to purchase, severally and not jointly, up to an aggregate of [___] Optional Common Shares from the Company at the purchase price per share to be paid by the Underwriters for the Firm Common Shares. The option granted hereunder is for use by the Underwriters solely in covering any over-allotments in connection with the sale and distribution of the Firm Common Shares. The option granted hereunder may be exercised at any time (but not more than once) upon notice by the Representatives to the Company, which notice may be given at any time within 30 days from the date of this Agreement. Such notice shall set forth (i) the aggregate number of Optional Common Shares as to which the Underwriters are exercising the option, (ii) the names and denominations in which the certificates for the Optional Common Shares are to be registered and (iii) the time, date and place at which such certificates will be delivered (which time and date may be simultaneous with, but not earlier than, the First Closing Date; and in such case the term "First Closing Date" shall refer to the time and date of delivery of certificates for the Firm Common Shares and the Optional Common Shares). Such time and date of delivery, if subsequent to the First Closing Date, is called the "Second Closing Date" and shall be determined by the Representatives and shall not be earlier than three nor later than five full business days after delivery of such notice of exercise. If any Optional Common Shares are to be purchased, each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase the number of Optional Common Shares (subject to such adjustments to eliminate fractional shares as the Representative may determine) that bears the same proportion to the total number of Optional Common Shares to be purchased as the number of Firm Common Shares set forth on Schedule A opposite the name of such Underwriter bears to the total number of Firm Common Shares. The Representatives may cancel the option at any time prior to its
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expiration by giving written notice of such cancellation to the Company.
Public Offering of the Common Shares. The Representatives hereby advise the Company that the Underwriters intend to offer for sale to the public, as described in the Prospectus, their respective portions of the Common Shares as soon after this Agreement has been executed and the Registration Statement has been declared effective as the Representatives, in their sole judgment, have determined is advisable and practicable.
Payment for the Common Shares. Payment for the Common Shares shall be made at the First Closing Date (and, if applicable, at the Second Closing Date) by wire transfer of immediately available funds to the order of the Company.
It is understood that the Representatives have been authorized, for their own respective accounts and the accounts of the several Underwriters, to accept delivery of and receipt for, and make payment of the purchase price for, the Firm Common Shares and any Optional Common Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase. NMSL, individually and not as a Representative of the Underwriters, may (but shall not be obligated to) make payment for any Common Shares to be purchased by any Underwriter whose funds shall not have been received by the Representatives by the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, for the account of such Underwriter, but any such payment shall not relieve such Underwriter from any of its obligations under this Agreement.
Delivery of the Common Shares. The Company shall deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters certificates for the Firm Common Shares at the First Closing Date, against the irrevocable release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. The Company shall also deliver, or cause to be delivered, to the Representatives for the accounts of the several Underwriters, certificates for the Optional Common Shares the Underwriters have agreed to purchase at the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, against the irrevocable release of a wire transfer of immediately available funds for the amount of the purchase price therefor. The certificates for the Common Shares shall be in definitive form and registered in such names and denominations as the Representatives shall have requested at least two full business days prior to the First Closing Date (or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be) and shall be made available for inspection on the business day preceding the First Closing Date (or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be) at a location in New York City as the Representatives may designate. Time shall be of the essence, and delivery at the time and place specified in this Agreement is a further condition to the obligations of the Underwriters.
Delivery of Prospectus to the Underwriters. Not later than 12:00 p.m. on the second business day following the date the Common Shares are released by the Underwriters for sale to the public, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered copies of the Prospectus in such quantities and at such places as the Representative shall request.
SECTION 3. ADDITIONAL COVENANTS.
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The Company further covenants and agrees with each Underwriter as follows:
(a) Representative's Review of Proposed Amendments and Supplements. During such period beginning on the date hereof and ending on the later of the First Closing Date or such date, as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters, the Prospectus is no longer required by law to be delivered in connection with sales by an Underwriter or dealer (the "Prospectus Delivery Period"), prior to amending or supplementing the Registration Statement (including any registration statement filed under Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act) or the Prospectus, the Company shall furnish to the Representatives for review a copy of each such proposed amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, and the Company shall not file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object.
(b) Securities Act Compliance. After the date of this Agreement, the Company shall promptly advise the Representatives in writing (i) of the receipt of any comments of, or requests for additional or supplemental information from, the Commission with respect to the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or the transactions contemplated hereby, (ii) of the time and date of any filing of any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus, (iii) of the time and date that any post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement becomes effective, (iv) of the issuance by the Commission of any stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or any post-effective amendment thereto or of any order preventing or suspending the use of any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus or (v) during the two year period following the date hereof, of any proceedings to remove, suspend or terminate from listing or quotation the Common Stock from any securities exchange upon which it is listed for trading or included or designated for quotation, or of the threatening or initiation of any proceedings for any of such purposes. If the Commission shall enter any such stop order at any time, the Company will use its best efforts to obtain the lifting of such order at the earliest possible moment. Additionally, the Company agrees that it shall comply with the provisions of Rules 424(b), 430A and 434, as applicable, under the Securities Act and will use its reasonable efforts to confirm that any filings made by the Company under such Rule 424(b) were received in a timely manner by the Commission.
(c) Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus and Other Securities Act Matters. If, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, any event shall occur or condition exist as a result of which it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or if in the opinion of the Representatives or counsel for the Underwriters it is otherwise necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with law, the Company agrees to promptly prepare (subject to Section 3(a) hereof), file with the Commission and furnish at its own expense to the Underwriters and to dealers, amendments or supplements to the Prospectus so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, will comply with law in all material respects.
(d) Copies of any Amendments and Supplements to the Prospectus. The
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Company agrees to furnish each Representative, without charge, during the Prospectus Delivery Period, as many copies of the Prospectus and any amendments and supplements thereto as such Representative may reasonably request.
(e) Blue Sky Compliance. The Company shall cooperate with the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters to qualify or register the Common Shares for sale under (or obtain exemptions from the application of) state securities or blue sky laws or Canadian provincial Securities laws of those jurisdictions designated by the Representative, shall comply with such laws and shall continue such qualifications, registrations and exemptions in effect so long as required for the distribution of the Common Shares. The Company shall not be required to qualify as a foreign corporation or to take any action that would subject it to general service of process in any such jurisdiction where it is not presently qualified or where it would be subject to taxation as a foreign corporation where it is not presently so subject. The Company will advise the Representative promptly after obtaining knowledge thereof, of the suspension of the qualification or registration of (or any such exemption relating to) the Common Shares for offering, sale or trading in any jurisdiction or any initiation or threat of any proceeding for any such purpose, and in the event of the issuance of any order suspending such qualification, registration or exemption, the Company shall use its best efforts to obtain the withdrawal thereof at the earliest possible moment.
(f) Use of Proceeds. The Company shall apply the net proceeds from the sale of the Common Shares sold by it in the manner described under the caption "Use of Proceeds" in the Prospectus.
(g) Transfer Agent. The Company shall engage and maintain, at its expense, a registrar and transfer agent for the Common Stock.
(h) Earnings Statement. As soon as practicable, the Company will make generally available to its security holders and to the Representative an earnings statement (which need not be audited) covering the twelve-month period after the effective date of the Registration Statement that satisfies the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Securities Act.
(i) Periodic Reporting Obligations. During the Prospectus Delivery Period the Company shall file, on a timely basis, with the Commission and the Nasdaq National Market all reports and documents required to be filed under the Exchange Act.
(j) Agreement Not To Offer or Sell Additional Securities. During the period of 180 days following the date of the Prospectus, the Company will not, without the prior written consent of NMSL (which consent may be withheld at the sole discretion of NMSL), directly or indirectly, sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell, pledge, transfer or establish an open "put equivalent position" within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Exchange Act, or otherwise dispose of or transfer, or announce the offering of, or file any registration statement under the Securities Act in respect of, any shares of Common Stock, options or warrants to acquire shares of the Common Stock or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock (other than as contemplated by this Agreement with respect to the Common Shares); provided, however, that the Company may issue shares of its Common Stock or options to
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purchase its Common Stock, or Common Stock upon exercise of options, pursuant to any stock option, stock bonus or other stock plan or arrangement described in the Prospectus, but only if the holders of such shares, options, or shares issued upon exercise of such options, agree in writing not to sell, offer, dispose of or otherwise transfer any such shares or options during such 180 day period without the prior written consent of NMSL (which consent may be withheld at the sole discretion of the NMSL).
(k) Future Reports to the Representatives. During the period of five years hereafter the Company will furnish to the Representatives at 600 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, CA 94111, Attention: _____________ (i) as soon as practicable after the end of each fiscal year, copies of the Annual Report of the Company containing the balance sheet of the Company as of the close of such fiscal year and statements of income, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the year then ended and the opinion thereon of the Company's independent public or certified public accountants; (ii) as soon as practicable after the filing thereof, copies of each proxy statement, Annual Report on Form 10-K, Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, Current Report on Form 8-K or other report filed by the Company with the Commission, the NASD or any securities exchange; and (iii) as soon as available, copies of any report or communication of the Company mailed generally to holders of its capital stock.
(l) Enforcement of Lock-Up Agreement. The Company agrees: (i) to enforce the terms of each Lock-Up, (ii) to issue stop-transfer instructions to the transfer agent for the Common Stock with respect to any transaction or contemplated transaction that would constitute a breach of or default under any Lock-Up and (iii) upon written request of NMSL, to release from the Lock-Ups those shares of Common Stock held by those holders set forth in such request. In addition, except with the prior written consent of NMSL, the Company agrees (i) not to amend or terminate, or waive any right under, any of the Lock-Ups, or take any other action that would directly or indirectly have the same effect as an amendment or termination, or waiver of any right under, any of the Lock-Ups, that would permit any holder of shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock, to sell, make any short sale of, grant any option for the purchase of, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, any of such shares of Common Stock or other securities prior to the expiration of 180 days after the date of the Prospectus, and (ii) subject to the Lock-Ups, not to consent to any sale, short sale, grant of an option for the purchase of, or other disposition or transfer of shares of Common Stock, or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock.
NMSL, on behalf of the several Underwriters, may, in its sole discretion, waive in writing the performance by the Company of any one or more of the foregoing covenants or extend the time for their performance.
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SECTION 4. PAYMENT OF EXPENSES.
The Company agrees to pay all costs, fees and expenses incurred in connection with the performance of its obligations hereunder and in connection with the transactions contemplated hereby, including without limitation (i) all expenses incident to the issuance and delivery of the Common Shares (including all printing and engraving costs), (ii) all fees and expenses of the registrar and transfer agent of the Common Stock, (iii) all necessary issue, transfer and other stamp taxes in connection with the issuance and sale of the Common Shares to the Underwriters, (iv) all fees and expenses of the Company's counsel, independent public or certified public accountants and other advisors, (v) all costs and expenses incurred in connection with the preparation, printing, filing, shipping and distribution of the Registration Statement (including financial statements, exhibits, schedules, consents and certificates of experts), each preliminary prospectus and the Prospectus, and all amendments and supplements thereto, and this Agreement, (vi) all filing fees, attorneys' fees and expenses incurred by the Company or the Underwriters in connection with qualifying or registering (or obtaining exemptions from the qualification or registration of) all or any part of the Common Shares for offer and sale under the state securities or blue sky laws or the provincial securities laws of Canada, and, if requested by the Representative, preparing and printing a "Blue Sky Survey" or memorandum, and any supplements thereto, advising the Underwriters of such qualifications, registrations and exemptions, (vii) the filing fees incident to, and the reasonable fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters in connection with, the NASD's review and approval of the Underwriters' participation in the offering and distribution of the Common Shares, (viii) the fees and expenses associated with including the Common Shares on the Nasdaq National Market, and (ix) all other fees, costs and expenses referred to in Item 13 of Part II of the Registration Statement. Except as provided in this Section 4, Section 6, Section 8 and Section 9 hereof, the Underwriters shall pay their own expenses, including the fees and disbursements of their counsel.
SECTION 5. CONDITIONS OF THE OBLIGATIONS OF THE UNDERWRITERS.
The obligations of the several Underwriters to purchase and pay for the Common Shares as provided herein on the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Common Shares, the Second Closing Date, shall be subject to the accuracy of the representations and warranties on the part of the Company set forth in Section 1 hereof as of the date hereof and as of the First Closing Date as though then made and, with respect to the Optional Common Shares, as of the Second Closing Date as though then made, to the timely performance by the Company of its covenants and other obligations hereunder, and to each of the following additional conditions:
(a) Accountants' Comfort Letter. On the date hereof, each Representative shall have received from Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public or certified public accountants for the Company, a letter dated the date hereof addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type ordinarily included in accountant's "comfort letters" to underwriters, delivered according to Statement of Auditing Standards No. 72 (or any successor bulletin), with respect to the audited and unaudited financial statements and certain financial information contained in the Registration Statement and
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the Prospectus (and the Representatives shall have received an additional [___] conformed copies of such accountants' letter for each of the several Underwriters).
(b) Compliance with Registration Requirements; No Stop Order; No Objection from NASD. For the period from and after effectiveness of this Agreement and prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Common Shares, the Second Closing Date:
(i) the Company shall have filed the Prospectus with the Commission (including the information required by Rule 430A under the Securities Act) in the manner and within the time period required by Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act; or the Company shall have filed a post-effective amendment to the Registration Statement containing the information required by such Rule 430A, and such post-effective amendment shall have become effective; or, if the Company elected to rely upon Rule 434 under the Securities Act and obtained the Representatives' consent thereto, the Company shall have filed a Term Sheet with the Commission in the manner and within the time period required by such Rule 424(b);
(ii) no stop order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement, any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, or any post- effective amendment to the Registration Statement, shall be in effect and no proceedings for such purpose shall have been instituted or threatened by the Commission; and
(iii) the NASD shall have raised no objection to the fairness and reasonableness of the underwriting terms and arrangements.
(c) No Material Adverse Change or Ratings Agency Change. For the period from and after the date of this Agreement and prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Common Shares, the Second Closing Date:
(i) in the judgment of the Representatives there shall not have occurred any Material Adverse Change; and
(ii) there shall not have occurred any downgrading, nor shall any notice have been given of any intended or potential downgrading or of any review for a possible change that does not indicate the direction of the possible change, in the rating accorded any securities of the Company or any of its subsidiaries by any "nationally recognized statistical rating organization" as such term is defined for purposes of Rule 436(g)(2) under the Securities Act.
(d) Opinion of Counsel for the Company. On each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date each Representative shall have received the favorable opinion of Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, A Professional Corporation, counsel for the Company, dated as of such Closing Date, the form of which is attached as Exhibit A (and the Representatives shall have received an additional [___] conformed copies of such counsel's legal opinion for each of the several Underwriters).
(e) Opinion of Counsel for the Underwriters. On each of the First Closing Date
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and the Second Closing Date each Representative shall have received the
favorable opinion of Brobeck, Phleger & Harrison LLP, counsel for the
Underwriters, dated as of such Closing Date, with respect to the matters set
forth in paragraphs (i), (vii) (with respect to subparagraph (i) thereof only),
(viii), (ix), (x) (xi) and (xiii) (with respect to the captions "Description of
Capital Stock" and "Underwriting" under subparagraph (i) only), and the next-to-
last paragraph of Exhibit A (and the Representatives shall have received an
additional [___] conformed copies of such counsel's legal opinion for each of
the several Underwriters).
(f) Officers' Certificate. On each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date each Representative shall have received a written certificate executed by the Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer or President of the Company and the Chief Financial Officer or Chief Accounting Officer of the Company, dated as of such Closing Date, to the effect set forth in subsections (b)(ii) and (c)(ii) of this Section 5, and further to the effect that:
(i) for the period from and after the date of this Agreement and prior to such Closing Date, there has not occurred any Material Adverse Change;
(ii) the representations, warranties and covenants of the Company set forth in Section 1 of this Agreement are true and correct with the same force and effect as though expressly made on and as of such Closing Date; and
(iii) the Company has complied with all the agreements and satisfied all the conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied at or prior to such Closing Date.
(g) Bring-down Comfort Letter. On each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date each Representative shall have received from Arthur Andersen LLP, independent public or certified public accountants for the Company, a letter dated such date, in form and substance satisfactory to the Representatives, to the effect that they reaffirm the statements made in the letter furnished by them pursuant to subsection (a) of this Section 5, except that the specified date referred to therein for the carrying out of procedures shall be no more than three business days prior to the First Closing Date or Second Closing Date, as the case may be (and the Representatives shall have received an additional [___] conformed copies of such accountants' letter for each of the several Underwriters).
(h) Lock-Up Agreement. On the date hereof, the Company shall have furnished to the Representatives an agreement in the form of Exhibit B hereto from each director, officer and beneficial owner (as defined and determined according to Rule 13d-3 under the Exchange Act, except that a one hundred eighty day period shall be used rather than the sixty day period set forth therein) of 1% or more of the total outstanding shares of Common Stock, and such agreement shall be in full force and effect on each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date.
(i) Additional Documents. On or before each of the First Closing Date and the Second Closing Date, the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters shall have received such information, documents and opinions as they may reasonably require for the purposes of enabling them to pass upon the issuance and sale of the Common Shares as contemplated herein, or
17.
in order to evidence the accuracy of any of the representations and warranties, or the satisfaction of any of the conditions or agreements, herein contained.
If any condition specified in this Section 5 is not satisfied when and as required to be satisfied, this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice to the Company at any time on or prior to the First Closing Date and, with respect to the Optional Common Shares, at any time prior to the Second Closing Date, which termination shall be without liability on the part of any party to any other party, except that Section 4, Section 6, Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
SECTION 6. REIMBURSEMENT OF UNDERWRITERS' EXPENSES.
If this Agreement is terminated by the Representatives pursuant to
Section 5, Section 7, Section 10 or Section 11, or if the sale to the
Underwriters of the Common Shares on the First Closing Date is not consummated
because of any refusal, inability or failure on the part of the Company to
perform any agreement herein or to comply with any provision hereof, the Company
agrees to reimburse the Representatives and the other Underwriters (or such
Underwriters as have terminated this Agreement with respect to themselves),
severally, upon demand for all out-of-pocket expenses that shall have been
reasonably incurred by the Representatives and the Underwriters in connection
with the proposed purchase and the offering and sale of the Common Shares,
including but not limited to fees and disbursements of counsel, printing
expenses, travel expenses, postage, facsimile and telephone charges.
SECTION 7. EFFECTIVENESS OF THIS AGREEMENT.
This Agreement shall not become effective until the later of (i) the execution of this Agreement by the parties hereto and (ii) notification by the Commission to the Company and the Representatives of the effectiveness of the Registration Statement under the Securities Act.
Prior to such effectiveness, this Agreement may be terminated by any party by notice to each of the other parties hereto, and any such termination shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representatives and the Underwriters pursuant to Sections 4 and 6 hereof, (b) of any Underwriter to the Company, or (c) of any party hereto to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
SECTION 8. INDEMNIFICATION.
(a) Indemnification of the Underwriters. The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its officers and employees, and each person, if any, who controls any Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act against
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any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which such Underwriter or such controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of the Company), insofar as, and to the extent that, such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based (i) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, or any amendment thereto, including any information deemed to be a part thereof pursuant to Rule 430A or Rule 434 under the Securities Act, or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading; or (ii) upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or the omission or alleged omission therefrom of a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; or (iii) in whole or in part upon any inaccuracy in the representations and warranties of the Company contained herein; or (iv) in whole or in part upon any failure of the Company to perform its obligations hereunder or under law; and to reimburse each Underwriter and each such controlling person for any and all expenses (including the fees and disbursements of counsel chosen by NMSL) as such expenses are reasonably incurred by such Underwriter or such controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action; provided, however, that the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not apply to any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense to the extent, but only to the extent, arising out of or based upon any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto); and provided, further, that with respect to any preliminary prospectus, the foregoing indemnity agreement shall not inure to the benefit of any Underwriter from whom the person asserting any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense purchased Common Shares, or any person controlling such Underwriter, if copies of the Prospectus were timely delivered to the Underwriter pursuant to Section 2 and a copy of the Prospectus (as then amended or supplemented if the Company shall have furnished any amendments or supplements thereto) was not sent or given by or on behalf of such Underwriter to such person, if required by law so to have been delivered, at or prior to the written confirmation of the sale of the Common Shares to such person, and if the Prospectus (as so amended or supplemented) would have cured the defect giving rise to such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 8(a) shall be in addition to any liabilities that the Company may otherwise have.
(b) Indemnification of the Company, its Directors and Officers. Each Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company, each of its directors, each of its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of the Securities Act or the Exchange Act, against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense, as incurred, to which the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person may become subject, under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, or other federal or state statutory law or regulation, or at common law or otherwise (including in settlement of any litigation, if such settlement is effected with the written consent of such
19.
Underwriter), insofar as such loss, claim, damage, liability or expense (or actions in respect thereof as contemplated below) arises out of or is based upon any untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), or arises out of or is based upon the omission or alleged omission to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission was made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to the Company by the Representative expressly for use therein; and to reimburse the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person for any legal and other expense reasonably incurred by the Company, or any such director, officer or controlling person in connection with investigating, defending, settling, compromising or paying any such loss, claim, damage, liability, expense or action. The Company hereby acknowledges that the only information that the Underwriters have furnished to the Company expressly for use in the Registration Statement, any preliminary prospectus or the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto) are the statements set forth (A) as the first paragraph on the inside front cover page of the Prospectus concerning stabilization by the Underwriters and (B) in the table in the first paragraph and as the second paragraph under the caption "Underwriting" in the Prospectus; and the Underwriters confirm that such statements are correct. The indemnity agreement set forth in this Section 8(b) shall be in addition to any liabilities that each Underwriter may otherwise have.
(c) Notifications and Other Indemnification Procedures. Promptly after receipt by an indemnified party under this Section 8 of notice of the commencement of any action, such indemnified party will, if a claim in respect thereof is to be made against an indemnifying party under this Section 8, notify the indemnifying party in writing of the commencement thereof, but the omission so to notify the indemnifying party will not relieve it from any liability which it may have to any indemnified party for contribution or otherwise than under the indemnity agreement contained in this Section 8 or to the extent it is not prejudiced as a proximate result of such failure. In case any such action is brought against any indemnified party and such indemnified party seeks or intends to seek indemnity from an indemnifying party, the indemnifying party will be entitled to participate in, and, to the extent that it shall elect, jointly with all other indemnifying parties similarly notified, by written notice delivered to the indemnified party promptly after receiving the aforesaid notice from such indemnified party, to assume the defense thereof with counsel reasonably satisfactory to such indemnified party; provided, however, if the defendants in any such action include both the indemnified party and the indemnifying party and the indemnified party shall have reasonably concluded that a conflict may arise between the positions of the indemnifying party and the indemnified party in conducting the defense of any such action or that there may be legal defenses available to it and/or other indemnified parties which are different from or additional to those available to the indemnifying party, the indemnified party or parties shall have the right to select one separate counsel to assume such legal defenses and to otherwise participate in the defense of such action on behalf of such indemnified party or parties. Upon receipt of notice from the indemnifying party to such indemnified party of such indemnifying party's election to assume the defense of such action and approval by the indemnified party of counsel (which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld), the indemnifying party will not be liable to such indemnified party
20.
under this Section 8 for any legal or other expenses subsequently incurred by such indemnified party in connection with the defense thereof unless (i) the indemnified party shall have employed separate counsel in accordance with the proviso to the next preceding sentence (it being understood, however, that the indemnifying party shall not be liable for the expenses of more than one separate counsel (together with local counsel), approved by the indemnifying party (NMSL in the case of Section 8(b) and Section 9), representing the indemnified parties who are parties to such action) or (ii) the indemnifying party shall not have employed counsel reasonably satisfactory to the indemnified party to represent the indemnified party within a reasonable time after notice of commencement of the action, in each of which cases the fees and expenses of counsel shall be at the expense of the indemnifying party.
(d) Settlements. The indemnifying party under this Section 8 shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final judgment for the plaintiff, the indemnifying party agrees to indemnify the indemnified party against any loss, claim, damage, liability or expense by reason of such settlement or judgment. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an indemnified party shall have requested an indemnifying party to reimburse the indemnified party for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by Section 8(c) hereof, the indemnifying party agrees that it shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i) such settlement is entered into more than 30 days after receipt by such indemnifying party of the aforesaid request and (ii) such indemnifying party shall not have reimbursed the indemnified party, or provided the indemnified party with reasonable assurance that it will reimburse the indemnifying party, in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No indemnifying party shall, without the prior written consent of the indemnified party, effect any settlement, compromise or consent to the entry of judgment in any pending or threatened action, suit or proceeding in respect of which any indemnified party is or could have been a party and indemnity was or could have been sought hereunder by such indemnified party, unless such settlement, compromise or consent includes an unconditional release of such indemnified party from all liability on claims that are the subject matter of such action, suit or proceeding.
SECTION 9. CONTRIBUTION.
If the indemnification provided for in Section 8 is for any reason
held to be unavailable to or otherwise insufficient to hold harmless an
indemnified party in respect of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or
expenses referred to therein, then each indemnifying party shall contribute to
the aggregate amount paid or payable by such indemnified party, as incurred, as
a result of any losses, claims, damages, liabilities or expenses referred to
therein (i) in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative
benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the
other hand, from the offering of the Common Shares pursuant to this Agreement or
(ii) if the allocation provided by clause (i) above is not permitted by
applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the
relative benefits referred to in clause (i) above but also the relative fault of
the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in
connection with the statements or omissions or inaccuracies in the
representations and warranties herein which resulted in such losses, claims,
damages, liabilities or expenses, as well
21.
as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, in connection with the offering of the Common Shares pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed to be in the same respective proportions as the total net proceeds from the offering of the Common Shares pursuant to this Agreement (before deducting expenses) received by the Company, and the total underwriting discount received by the Underwriters, in each case as set forth on the front cover page of the Prospectus (or, if Rule 434 under the Securities Act is used, the corresponding location on the Term Sheet) bear to the aggregate initial public offering price of the Common Shares as set forth on such cover. The relative fault of the Company, on the one hand, and the Underwriters, on the other hand, shall be determined by reference to, among other things, whether any such untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or omission or alleged omission to state a material fact or any such inaccurate or alleged inaccurate representation or warranty relates to information supplied by the Company, on the one hand, or the Underwriters, on the other hand, and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The amount paid or payable by a party as a result of the losses,
claims, damages, liabilities and expenses referred to above shall be deemed to
include, subject to the limitations set forth in Section 8(c), any legal or
other fees or expenses reasonably incurred by such party in connection with
investigating or defending any action or claim. The provisions set forth in
Section 8(c) with respect to notice of commencement of any action shall apply if
a claim for contribution is to be made under this Section 9; provided, however,
that no additional notice shall be required with respect to any action for which
notice has been given under Section 8(c) for purposes of indemnification.
The Company and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable if contribution pursuant to this Section 9 were determined by pro rata allocation (even if the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in this Section 9.
Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 9, no Underwriter shall be required to contribute any amount in excess of the underwriting commissions received by such Underwriter in connection with the Common Shares underwritten by it and distributed to the public. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters' obligations to contribute pursuant to this Section 9 are several, and not joint, in proportion to their respective underwriting commitments as set forth opposite their names in Schedule A. For purposes of this Section 9, each officer and employee of an Underwriter and each person, if any, who controls an Underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as such Underwriter, and each director of the Company, each officer of the Company who signed the Registration Statement, and each person, if any, who controls the Company with the meaning of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act shall have the same rights to contribution as the Company.
22.
SECTION 10. DEFAULT OF ONE OR MORE OF THE SEVERAL UNDERWRITERS.
If, on the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case
may be, any one or more of the several Underwriters shall fail or refuse to
purchase Common Shares that it or they have agreed to purchase hereunder on such
date, and the aggregate number of Common Shares which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase does not
exceed 10% of the aggregate number of the Common Shares to be purchased on such
date, the other Underwriters shall be obligated, severally, in the proportions
that the number of Firm Common Shares set forth opposite their respective names
on Schedule A bears to the aggregate number of Firm Common Shares set forth
opposite the names of all such non-defaulting Underwriters, or in such other
proportions as may be specified by the Representatives with the consent of the
non-defaulting Underwriters, to purchase the Common Shares which such defaulting
Underwriter or Underwriters agreed but failed or refused to purchase on such
date. If, on the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may
be, any one or more of the Underwriters shall fail or refuse to purchase Common
Shares and the aggregate number of Common Shares with respect to which such
default occurs exceeds 10% of the aggregate number of Common Shares to be
purchased on such date, and arrangements satisfactory to the Representatives and
the Company for the purchase of such Common Shares are not made within 48 hours
after such default, this Agreement shall terminate without liability of any
party to any other party except that the provisions of Section 4, Section 8 and
Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination. In
any such case either the Representatives or the Company shall have the right to
postpone the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be,
but in no event for longer than seven days in order that the required changes,
if any, to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or any other documents
or arrangements may be effected.
As used in this Agreement, the term "Underwriter" shall be deemed to
include any person substituted for a defaulting Underwriter under this Section
10. Any action taken under this Section 10 shall not relieve any defaulting
Underwriter from liability in respect of any default of such Underwriter under
this Agreement.
23.
SECTION 11. TERMINATION OF THIS AGREEMENT.
Prior to the First Closing Date this Agreement may be terminated by the Representatives by notice given to the Company if at any time (i) trading or quotation in any of the Company's securities shall have been suspended or limited by the Commission or by the Nasdaq Stock Market, or trading in securities generally on either the Nasdaq Stock Market or the New York Stock Exchange shall have been suspended or limited, or minimum or maximum prices shall have been generally established on any of such stock exchanges by the Commission or the NASD; (ii) a general banking moratorium shall have been declared by any of federal, New York, Delaware or California authorities; (iii) there shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of national or international hostilities or any crisis or calamity, or any change in the United States or international financial markets, or any substantial change or development involving a prospective substantial change in United States' or international political, financial or economic conditions, as in the judgment of the Representative is material and adverse and makes it impracticable to market the Common Shares in the manner and on the terms described in the Prospectus or to enforce contracts for the sale of securities; (iv) in the judgment of the Representative there shall have occurred any Material Adverse Change; or (v) the Company shall have sustained a loss by strike, fire, flood, earthquake, accident or other calamity of such character as in the judgment of the Representative may interfere materially with the conduct of the business and operations of the Company regardless of whether or not such loss shall have been insured. Any termination pursuant to this Section 11 shall be without liability on the part of (a) the Company to any Underwriter, except that the Company shall be obligated to reimburse the expenses of the Representative and the Underwriters pursuant to Sections 4 and 6 hereof, (b) any Underwriter to the Company, or (c) of any party hereto to any other party except that the provisions of Section 8 and Section 9 shall at all times be effective and shall survive such termination.
SECTION 12. REPRESENTATIONS AND INDEMNITIES TO SURVIVE DELIVERY.
The respective indemnities, agreements, representations, warranties and other statements of the Company, of its officers and of the several Underwriters set forth in or made pursuant to this Agreement will remain in full force and effect, regardless of any investigation made by or on behalf of any Underwriter or the Company or any of its or their partners, officers or directors or any controlling person, as the case may be, and will survive delivery of and payment for the Common Shares sold hereunder and any termination of this Agreement.
SECTION 13. NOTICES.
All communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be mailed, hand delivered or telecopied and confirmed to the parties hereto as follows:
24.
If to the Representative:
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
600 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, California 94111
Facsimile: 415-249-5558
Attention: Richard A. Smith
with a copy to:
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
600 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, California 94111
Facsimile: (415) 249-5553
Attention: David A. Baylor, Esq.
If to the Company:
Echelon Corporation
4015 Miranda Avenue
Palo Alto, California 94304
Facsimile: (650) 856-7437
Attention: Oliver R. Stanfield
With a copy to:
Wilson Sonsini Goodrich & Rosati, Professional Corporation
650 Page Mill Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303-1050
Facsimile: (650) 493-6811
Attention: John V. Roos
Any party hereto may change the address for receipt of communications by giving written notice to the others.
SECTION 14. SUCCESSORS.
This Agreement will inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto, including any substitute Underwriters pursuant to Section 10 hereof, and to the benefit of the employees, officers and directors and controlling persons referred to in Section 8 and Section 9, and in each case their respective successors, and no other person will have any right or obligation hereunder. The term "successors" shall not include any purchaser of the Common Shares as such from any of the Underwriters merely by reason of such purchase.
25.
SECTION 15. PARTIAL UNENFORCEABILITY.
The invalidity or unenforceability of any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other Section, paragraph or provision hereof. If any Section, paragraph or provision of this Agreement is for any reason determined to be invalid or unenforceable, there shall be deemed to be made such minor changes (and only such minor changes) as are necessary to make it valid and enforceable.
SECTION 16. GOVERNING LAW PROVISIONS.
(a) THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INTERNAL LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK APPLICABLE TO AGREEMENTS MADE AND TO BE PERFORMED IN SUCH STATE.
(b) Consent to Jurisdiction. Any legal suit, action or proceeding arising out of or based upon this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby ("Related Proceedings") may be instituted in the federal courts of the United States of America located in the City and County of San Francisco or the courts of the State of California in each case located in the City and County of San Francisco (collectively, the "Specified Courts"), and each party irrevocably submits to the exclusive jurisdiction (except for proceedings instituted in regard to the enforcement of a judgment of any such court (a "Related Judgment"), as to which such jurisdiction is non-exclusive) of such courts in any such suit, action or proceeding. Service of any process, summons, notice or document by mail to such party's address set forth above shall be effective service of process for any suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court. The parties irrevocably and unconditionally waive any objection to the laying of venue of any suit, action or other proceeding in the Specified Courts and irrevocably and unconditionally waive and agree not to plead or claim in any such court that any such suit, action or other proceeding brought in any such court has been brought in an inconvenient forum.
SECTION 17. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement of the parties to this Agreement and supersedes all prior written or oral and all contemporaneous oral agreements, understandings and negotiations with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may be executed in two or more counterparts, each one of which shall be an original, with the same effect as if the signatures thereto and hereto were upon the same instrument. This Agreement may not be amended or modified unless in writing by all of the parties hereto, and no condition herein (express or implied) may be waived unless waived in writing by each party whom the condition is meant to benefit. The Table of Contents and the Section headings herein are for the convenience of the parties only and shall not affect the construction or interpretation of this Agreement.
26.
Each of the parties hereto acknowledges that it is a sophisticated
business person who was adequately represented by counsel during negotiations
regarding the provisions hereof, including, without limitation, the
indemnification provisions of Section 8 and the contribution provisions of
Section 9, and is fully informed regarding said provisions. Each of the parties
hereto further acknowledges that the provisions of Sections 8 and 9 hereto
fairly allocate the risks in light of the ability of the parties to investigate
the Company, its affairs and its business in order to assure that adequate
disclosure has been made in the Registration Statement, any preliminary
prospectus and the Prospectus (and any amendments and supplements thereto), as
required by the Securities Act and the Exchange Act.
If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding of our agreement, kindly sign and return to the Company the enclosed copies hereof, whereupon this instrument, along with all counterparts hereof, shall become a binding agreement in accordance with its terms.
Very truly yours,
ECHELON CORPORATION
By:____________________________
Oliver R. Stanfield
Vice President of Finance
and Chief Financial Officer
The foregoing Underwriting Agreement is hereby confirmed and accepted by the Representatives in San Francisco, California as of the date first above written.
NATIONSBANC MONTGOMERY SECURITIES LLC
BANCAMERICA ROBERTSON STEPHENS
VOLPE BROWN WHELAN & COMPANY, LLC
Acting as Representatives of the
several Underwriters named in
the attached Schedule A.
By NATIONSBANC MONTGOMERY SECURITIES LLC
By: ______________________
[Name]
[Title]
27.
SCHEDULE A
Underwriters
Number of
Firm Common Shares
to be Purchased
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
BancAmerica Robertson Stephens
Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC
[___]
[___]
[___]
[___]
[___]
[___] .
[___]
Total: 5,000,000
[___]
28.
EXHIBIT A
The final opinion in draft form should be attached as Exhibit A at the time this Agreement is executed.
Opinion of counsel for the Company to be delivered pursuant to
Section 5(e) of the Underwriting Agreement.
References to the Prospectus in this Exhibit A include any supplements thereto at the Closing Date.
(i) The Company has been duly incorporated and is validly existing as a corporation in good standing under the laws of the State of Delaware.
(ii) The Company has corporate power and authority to own, lease and operate its properties and to conduct its business as described in the Prospectus and to enter into and perform its obligations under the Underwriting Agreement.
(iii) The Company is duly qualified as a foreign corporation to transact business and is in good standing in the State of California and in each other jurisdiction in the United States in which such qualification is required, whether by reason of the ownership or leasing of property or the conduct of business, except for such jurisdictions (other than the State of California) where the failure to so qualify or to be in good standing would not, individually or in the aggregate, result in a Material Adverse Change.
(iv) The authorized, issued and outstanding capital stock of the Company (including the Common Stock) conform to the descriptions thereof set forth in the Prospectus. All of the outstanding shares of Common Stock have been duly authorized and validly issued, are fully paid and nonassessable [and, to the best of such counsel's knowledge, have been issued in compliance with the registration and qualification requirements of federal and state securities laws.] The form of certificate used to evidence the Common Stock is in due and proper form and complies with all applicable requirements of the charter and by- laws of the Company and the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. The description of the Company's stock option, stock bonus and other stock plans or arrangements, and the options or other rights granted and exercised thereunder, set forth in the Prospectus accurately and fairly presents in all material respects the information required to be shown with respect to such plans, arrangements, options and rights.
(v) No stockholder of the Company or any other person has any preemptive right, right of first refusal or other similar right to subscribe for or purchase securities of the Company arising (i) by operation of the charter or by-laws of the Company or the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware or (ii) to the best knowledge of such counsel, otherwise.
(vi) The Underwriting Agreement has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company.
29.
(vii) The Common Shares to be purchased by the Underwriters from the Company have been duly authorized for issuance and sale pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement and, when issued and delivered by the Company pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement against payment of the consideration set forth therein, will be validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
(viii) The Registration Statement and the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been declared effective by the Commission under the Securities Act. To the best knowledge of such counsel, no stop order suspending the effectiveness of either of the Registration Statement or the Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, if any, has been issued under the Securities Act and no proceedings for such purpose have been instituted or are pending or are contemplated or threatened by the Commission. Any required filing of the Prospectus and any supplement thereto pursuant to Rule 424(b) under the Securities Act has been made in the manner and within the time period required by such Rule 424(b).
(ix) The Registration Statement, including any Rule 462(b) Registration Statement, the Prospectus, and each amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, as of their respective effective or issue dates (other than the financial statements and supporting schedules included therein or in exhibits to or excluded from the Registration Statement, as to which no opinion need be rendered) comply as to form in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act.
(x) The Common Shares have been approved for quotation on the Nasdaq National Market.
(xi) The statements (i) in the Prospectus under the captions "Risk Factors--Anti-Takeover Provisions", "Description of Capital Stock", "Shares Eligible for Future Sale" and "Underwriting" and (ii) in Item 14 and Item 15 of the Registration Statement, insofar as such statements constitute matters of law, summaries of legal matters, the Company's charter or by-law provisions, documents or legal proceedings, or legal conclusions, has been reviewed by such counsel and fairly present and summarize, in all material respects, the matters referred to therein.
(xii) To the best knowledge of such counsel, there are no legal or governmental actions, suits or proceedings pending or threatened which are required to be disclosed in the Registration Statement, other than those disclosed therein.
(xiii) To the best knowledge of such counsel, there are no Existing Instruments required to be described or referred to in the Registration Statement or to be filed as exhibits thereto other than those described or referred to therein or incorporated by reference; and the descriptions thereof and references thereto are correct in all material respects.
(xiv) No consent, approval, authorization or other order of, or registration or filing with, any court or other governmental authority or agency, is required for the Company's execution, delivery and performance of the Underwriting Agreement and consummation of the transactions
30.
contemplated thereby and by the Prospectus, except as required under the Securities Act, applicable state securities or blue sky laws and from the NASD.
(xv) The execution and delivery of the Underwriting Agreement by the
Company and the performance by the Company of its obligations thereunder (other
than performance by the Company of its obligations under the indemnification
section of the Underwriting Agreement, as to which no opinion need be rendered)
(i) have been duly authorized by all necessary corporate action on the part of
the Company; (ii) will not result in any violation of the provisions of the
charter or by-laws of the Company; (iii) will not constitute a breach of, or
Default under, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or
encumbrance upon any property or assets of the Company pursuant to, any Existing
Instrument or document filed as an exhibit to the Registration Statement or
listed on Annex A Hereto; or (iv) to the knowledge of such counsel, will not
result in any violation of any law, administrative regulation or administrative
or court decree applicable to the Company or any subsidiary.
(xvi) The Company is not, and after receipt of payment for the Common Shares will not be, an "investment company" within the meaning of Investment Company Act.
(xvii) Except as disclosed in the Prospectus under the caption "Shares Eligible for Future Sale", to the best knowledge of such counsel, there are no persons with registration or other similar rights to have any equity or debt securities registered for sale under the Registration Statement or included in the offering contemplated by the Underwriting Agreement, except for such rights as have been duly waived.
In addition, such counsel shall state that they have participated in conferences with officers and other representatives of the Company, representatives of the independent public or certified public accountants for the Company and with representatives of the Underwriters at which the contents of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus, and any supplements or amendments thereto, and related matters were discussed and, although such counsel is not passing upon and does not assume any responsibility for the accuracy, completeness or fairness of the statements contained in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus (other than as specified above), and any supplements or amendments thereto, on the basis of the foregoing, nothing has come to their attention which would lead them to believe that either the Registration Statement or any amendments thereto, at the time the Registration Statement or such amendments became effective, contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading or that the Prospectus, as of its date or at the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, contained an untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading (it being understood that such counsel need express no belief as to the financial statements or schedules or other financial or statistical data derived therefrom, included in the Registration Statement or the Prospectus or any amendments or supplements thereto).
In addition, patent counsel to the Company (reasonably satisfactory to the Underwriters) shall opine that the statements in the Prospectus under the captions "Risk Factors--Limited Protection of Intellectual Property Rights" and "Business--Intellectual Property", insofar as such statements relate to patents and patent law matters, have been revised by such counsel and fairly present and summarize, in all material respects, the matters referred to therein.
In rendering such opinions, such counsel may rely (A) as to matters involving the application of laws of any jurisdiction other than the General Corporation Law of the State of
31.
Delaware, the General Corporation Law of the State of California or the federal law of the United States, to the extent they deem proper and specified in such opinion, upon the opinion (which shall be dated the First Closing Date or the Second Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be satisfactory in form and substance to the Underwriters, shall expressly state that the Underwriters may rely on such opinion as if it were addressed to them and shall be furnished to the Representative) of other counsel of good standing whom they believe to be reliable and who are satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters; provided, however, that such counsel shall further state that they believe that they and the Underwriters are justified in relying upon such opinion of other counsel, and (B) as to matters of fact, to the extent they deem proper, on certificates of responsible officers of the Company and public officials.
32.
EXHIBIT B
[Date]
NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
BancAmerica Robertson Stephens
Volpe Brown Whelan & Company, LLC
As Representatives of the Several Underwriters
c/o NationsBanc Montgomery Securities LLC
600 Montgomery Street
San Francisco, California 94111
RE: (the "Company")
Ladies & Gentlemen:
The undersigned is an owner of record or beneficially of certain shares of Common Stock of the Company ("Common Stock") or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock. The Company proposes to carry out a public offering of Common Stock (the "Offering") for which you will act as the representatives of the underwriters. The undersigned recognizes that the Offering will be of benefit to the undersigned and will benefit the Company (by, among other things, raising additional capital for its operations). The undersigned acknowledges that you and the other underwriters are relying on the representations and agreements of the undersigned contained in this letter in carrying out the Offering and in entering into underwriting arrangements with the Company with respect to the Offering.
In consideration of the foregoing, the undersigned hereby agrees that the undersigned will not, without the prior written consent of NMSL (which consent may be withheld in its sole discretion), directly or indirectly, sell, offer, contract or grant any option to sell (including without limitation any short sale), pledge, transfer, establish an open "put equivalent position" within the meaning of Rule 16a-1(h) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, or otherwise dispose of any shares of Common Stock, options or warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock, or securities exchangeable or exercisable for or convertible into shares of Common Stock currently or hereafter owned either of record or beneficially (as defined in Rule 13d-3 under Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) by the undersigned, or publicly announce the undersigned's intention to do any of the foregoing, for a period commencing on the date hereof and continuing through the close of trading on the date 180 days after the date of the Prospectus. The undersigned also agrees and consents to the entry of stop transfer instructions with the Company's transfer agent and registrar against the transfer of shares of Common Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for Common Stock held by the undersigned except in compliance with the foregoing restrictions.
With respect to the Offering only, the undersigned waives any registration rights relating to registration under the Securities Act of any Common Stock owned either of record or beneficially by the undersigned, including any rights to receive notice of the Offering.
33.
This agreement is irrevocable and will be binding on the undersigned and the respective successors, heirs, personal representatives, and assigns of the undersigned.
Printed Name of Holder
By: _____________________
Signature
Printed Name of Person Signing
(and indicate capacity of person signing if
signing as custodian, trustee, or on behalf
of an entity)
34.
EXHIBIT C
Lock-Up Arrangements
35.
EXHIBIT 3.1
AMENDED AND RESTATED CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
ECHELON CORPORATION
Echelon Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware (the "Corporation"), certifies that:
A. The name of the Corporation is Echelon Corporation. Echelon Corporation was originally incorporated under the name Echelon Systems, Inc., and the original Certificate of Incorporation was filed with the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware on December 7, 1988.
B. Pursuant to Sections 242 and 245 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, this Amended and Restated Certificate restates, integrates and further amends the provisions of the Corporation's Certificate of Incorporation.
C. The text of the Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation as heretofore amended or supplemented is restated and further amended to read as follows:
The undesignated 4,970,000 shares of Preferred Stock may be issued from time to time in one or more series. The Board of Directors is authorized to determine the number of shares of any such series. The Board of Directors is also authorized to determine or alter the powers, designations, preferences, rights and restrictions to be imposed upon any wholly unissued series of Preferred Stock and, within the limits and restrictions stated in any resolution or resolutions of the Board of Directors
originally fixing the number of shares constituting any series, to increase (but not above the total number of authorized shares of the class) or decrease (but not below the number of shares of such series then outstanding) the number of shares of any series subsequent to the issue of shares of that series.
The Corporation shall from time to time in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware increase the authorized amount of its Common Stock if at any time the number of shares of Common Stock remaining unissued and available for issuance shall not be sufficient to permit conversion of the Preferred Stock.
The rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted to or imposed on the Common Stock and Preferred Stock are as follows:
(a) In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, either voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, prior and
in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Corporation to the holders of the Common Stock by reason of their ownership of such stock, the amount of (i) $6.00 per share for each share of Series B Stock then held by them, (ii) $7.7736 per share for each share of Series C Stock then held by them and (iii) $10.00 per share for each share of Series D Stock then held by them (adjusted for any combinations, consolidations, or stock distributions or dividends with respect to such shares), and, in addition, the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends on each share of Preferred Stock then held by them.
(b) If upon the occurrence of such event, the assets and funds thus distributed among the holders of the Preferred Stock shall be insufficient to permit the payment to such holders of the full aforesaid preferential amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Corporation legally available for distribution shall be distributed among the holders of the Preferred Stock in proportion to the aggregate preferential amount of all shares of Preferred Stock then held by them bears to the aggregate preferential amount of all shares of Preferred Stock outstanding as of the date of the distribution upon the occurrence of such event.
(c) In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, after payment has been made to the holders of Preferred Stock of the full amounts to which they shall be entitled as aforesaid, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to share ratably in the remaining assets, based on the number of shares of Common Stock held.
(d) For purposes of this Section 2, a consolidation or merger of the Corporation with and into any other corporation or corporations, or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, or a reorganization of the Corporation in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding stock of the Corporation is exchanged, shall be treated as a liquidation, dissolution or winding up within the meaning of this paragraph.
(a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, the holder of each share of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Preferred Stock could be converted at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters, or, if no such record date is established, at the date such vote is taken or any written consent of the stockholders is solicited. Holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders' meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. Fractional votes by the holders of Preferred Stock shall not, however, be permitted and any fractional voting rights shall (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Preferred Stock held by each holder could be converted) be rounded to the nearest whole number.
(b) Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of shares of Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all
matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation, and except as required by law, holders of Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights.
(i) upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Stock voting together as a single class to cause all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock to be converted.
(ii) upon the closing of a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the offer and sale of equity securities for the account of the Corporation to the public at an aggregate price (prior to underwriter's commissions and offering expenses) of not less than $15,000,000. In the event of the automatic conversion of the Preferred Stock upon a public offering as aforesaid, the person(s) entitled to receive the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion of the Preferred Stock shall not be deemed to have converted such Preferred Stock until immediately prior to the closing of such sale of securities.
certificate or certificates therefor, duly endorsed, at the office of the Corporation or of any transfer agent for the Preferred Stock, and shall give written notice to the Corporation at such office that he elects to convert the same; provided, however, that in the event of an automatic conversion pursuant to Section 4(b), the outstanding shares of Preferred Stock shall be converted automatically without any further action by the holders of such shares and whether or not the certificates representing such shares are surrendered to the Corporation or its transfer agent, and provided further that the Corporation shall not be obligated to issue certificates evidencing the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such automatic conversion unless the certificates evidencing such shares of Preferred Stock are either delivered to the Corporation or its transfer agent as provided above, or the holder notifies the Corporation or its transfer agent that such certificates have been lost, stolen or destroyed and executes an agreement satisfactory to the Corporation to indemnify the Corporation from any loss incurred by it in connection with such certificates. The Corporation shall, as soon as practicable after such delivery, or such agreement and indemnification in the case of a lost certificate, issue and deliver at such office to such holder of Preferred Stock, a certificate or certificates for the number of shares of Common Stock to which he shall be entitled as aforesaid and a check payable to the holder in the amount of any cash amounts payable as the result of a conversion into fractional shares of Common Stock. Such conversion shall be deemed to have been immediately prior to the close of business on the date of such surrender of the shares of Preferred Stock to be converted, or in the case of automatic conversion on the date of closing of the offering, and the person or persons entitled to receive the shares of Common Stock issuable upon such conversion shall be treated for all purposes as the record holder or holders of such shares of Common Stock on such date.
this Article, the Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes consisting of as nearly equal numbers of directors as possible, and designated Class A, Class B, and Class C. The term of office of Class A shall expire at the first annual meeting of stockholders following the effectiveness of this Article, and each third annual meeting of stockholders thereafter; the term of office of Class B shall expire at the second annual meeting of stockholders following the effectiveness of this Article, and each third annual meeting of stockholders thereafter; and the term of office of Class C shall expire at the third annual meeting of stockholders following the effectiveness of this Article, and each third annual meeting of stockholders thereafter. If Section 2115 of the California Corporations Code becomes inapplicable to the Corporation upon the occurrence of an annual stockholders meeting, then the election of directors at such meeting shall be in accordance with the terms set forth in this Article NINE. If Section 2115 of the California Corporations Code becomes inapplicable to the Corporation between annual meetings of stockholders, then as soon as practicable following the effectiveness of this Article, the directors then in office shall by resolution of the Board of Directors select which of such directors shall be Class A directors, Class B directors and Class C directors. Directors added to the board of directors between annual meetings of stockholders by reason of an increase in the authorized number of directors shall belong to the class designated by the Board of Directors; provided however that the number of board seats designated to belong to Class A, Class B and Class C must be as nearly equal in number as possible. Following the effectiveness of this Article, stockholders may effect the removal of a director only for cause. This provision shall supersede any provision to the contrary in the Corporation's Bylaws.
majority vote) of the Bylaws shall be repealed or amended, nor shall any provision inconsistent with the aforementioned provisions be adopted and added to this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation or the Bylaws except upon the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of the shares of the Corporation issued and outstanding.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Echelon Corporation has caused this Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation to be signed by M. Kenneth Oshman, its President, and attested by Oliver R. Stanfield, its Assistant Secretary, this 29th day of September, 1995.
ECHELON CORPORATION
ATTEST:
CERTIFICATE OF DESIGNATION OF RIGHTS, PREFERENCES
AND PRIVILEGES OF
SERIES E PREFERRED STOCK
OF
ECHELON CORPORATION
Pursuant to Section 151 of the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware
I, M. Kenneth Oshman, the Chief Executive Officer of Echelon Corporation, a corporation organized and existing under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, in accordance with the provisions of Section 103 thereof, DO HEREBY CERTIFY:
That pursuant to the authority conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation of the said Corporation, the said Board of Directors on February 11, 1997 and April 4, 1997 adopted the following resolution creating a series of 2,400,000 shares of Preferred Stock designated as Series E Preferred Stock:
dividends (other than those payable solely in Common Stock) shall be paid with respect to the Common Stock during any fiscal year of the Corporation until dividends in the total amount of $0.48 per share on the Series B Stock, $0.622 per share on the Series C Stock, $0.80 per share on the Series D Stock and $0.40 per share on the Series E Stock (adjusted for any combinations, consolidations, or stock distributions or dividends with respect to such shares) shall have been paid or declared and set apart during that fiscal year. Dividends on the Series B Stock, Series C Stock, Series D Stock and Series E Stock shall not be cumulative and no rights shall accrue to the holders of Series B Stock, Series C Stock, Series D Stock and Series E Stock in the event that the Corporation shall fail to declare or pay dividends on the Series B Stock in the amount of $0.48 per share, the Series C Stock in the amount of $0.622 per share, the Series D Stock in the amount of $0.80 per share or the Series E Stock in the amount of $0.40 per share (adjusted for any combinations, consolidations, or stock distributions or dividends with respect to such shares) or in any amount in any previous fiscal year of the Corporation, whether or not the earnings of the Corporation in that previous fiscal year were sufficient to pay such dividends in whole or in part. After dividends in the amount of $0.48 per share on the Series B Stock, dividends in the amount of $0.622 per share on the Series C Stock, dividends in the amount of $0.80 per share on the Series D Stock and dividends in the amount of $0.40 per share on the Series E Stock (adjusted for any combinations, consolidations, or stock distributions or dividends with respect to such shares) have been paid or declared and set apart in any one fiscal year of the Corporation, if the Board shall elect to declare additional dividends out of funds legally available therefor in that fiscal year, such additional dividends shall be declared solely on the Common Stock.
(a) In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, either voluntary or involuntary, the holders of Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, prior and in preference to any distribution of any of the assets or surplus funds of the Corporation to the holders of the Common Stock by reason of their ownership of such stock, the amount of (i) $6.00 per share for each share of Series B Stock then held by them, (ii) $7.7736 per share for each share of Series C Stock then held by them, (iii) $10.00 per share for each share of Series D Stock then held by them and (iv) $5.00 per share for each share of Series E Stock then held by them (adjusted for any combinations, consolidations, or stock distributions or dividends with respect to such shares), and, in addition, the amount of any declared but unpaid dividends on each share of Preferred Stock then held by them.
(b) If upon the occurrence of such event, the assets and funds thus distributed among the holders of the Preferred Stock shall be insufficient to permit the payment to such holders of the full aforesaid preferential amount, then the entire assets and funds of the Corporation legally available for distribution shall be distributed among the holders of the Preferred Stock in proportion to the aggregate preferential amount of all shares of Preferred Stock then held by them bears to the aggregate preferential amount of all shares of Preferred Stock outstanding as of the date of the distribution upon the occurrence of such event.
(c) In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, after payment has been made to the holders of Preferred Stock of the full amounts to which they shall be entitled as aforesaid, the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to share ratably in the remaining assets, based on the number of shares of Common Stock held.
(d) For purposes of this Section 3, a consolidation or merger of the Corporation with and into any other corporation or corporations, or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, or a reorganization of the Corporation in which more than fifty percent (50%) of the outstanding stock of the Corporation is exchanged, shall be treated as a liquidation, dissolution or winding up within the meaning of this paragraph.
(a) Subject to the provision for adjustment hereinafter set forth, the holder of each share of Series E Stock shall be entitled to the number of votes equal to the number of shares of Common Stock into which such share of Series E Stock could be converted at the record date for the determination of the stockholders entitled to vote on such matters, or, if no such record date is established, at the date such vote is taken or any written consent of the stockholders is solicited. Holders of Series E Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders' meeting in accordance with the Bylaws of the Corporation. Fractional votes by the holders of Series E Stock shall not, however be permitted and any fractional voting rights shall (after aggregating all shares into which shares of Series E Stock held by each holder could be converted) be rounded to the nearest whole number.
(b) Except as otherwise provided herein or by law, the holders of shares of Preferred Stock and the holders of shares of Common Stock shall vote together as one class on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders of the Corporation, and except as required by law, holders of Preferred Stock shall have no special voting rights.
(i) upon the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding Preferred Stock voting together as a single class to cause all outstanding shares of Preferred Stock to be converted.
(ii) upon the closing of a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the offer and sale of equity securities for the account of the Corporation to the public at an aggregate price (prior to underwriter's commissions and offering expenses) of not less than $15,000,000. In the event of the automatic conversion of the Series E Stock upon a public offering as aforesaid, the person(s) entitled to receive the Common Stock issuable upon such conversion of the Series E Stock shall not be deemed to have converted such Series E Stock until immediately prior to the closing of such sale of securities.
promptly compute such adjustment or readjustment in accordance with the terms of this certificate and cause independent public accountants selected by the Corporation to verify such computation and prepare and furnish to each holder of Series E Stock a certificate setting forth such adjustment or readjustment and showing in detail the facts upon which such adjustment or readjustment is based. The Corporation shall, upon the written request at any time of any holder of Series E Stock, furnish or cause to be furnished to such holder a like certificate setting forth (i) such adjustments and readjustments, (ii) the Conversion Price at the time in effect, and (iii) the number of shares of Common Stock and the amount, if any, of other property that at the time would be received upon the conversion of the Series E Stock.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, Echelon Corporation has caused this Certificate to be signed by M. Kenneth Oshman, its Chief Executive Officer, this 6th day of May, 1997.
EXHIBIT 3.3
AMENDED AND RESTATED BYLAWS
OF
ECHELON CORPORATION
(as amended through May 29, 1998)
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page ARTICLE I CORPORATE OFFICES............................................. 1 1.1 REGISTERED OFFICE............................................. 1 1.2 OTHER OFFICES................................................. 1 ARTICLE II MEETINGS OF STOCKHOLDERS..................................... 1 2.1 PLACE OF MEETINGS............................................. 1 2.2 ANNUAL MEETING................................................ 1 2.3 SPECIAL MEETING............................................... 2 2.4 NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDERS' MEETINGS.............................. 2 2.5 MANNER OF GIVING NOTICE; AFFIDAVIT OF NOTICE.................. 2 2.6 QUORUM........................................................ 2 2.7 ADJOURNED MEETING; NOTICE..................................... 3 2.8 CONDUCT OF BUSINESS........................................... 3 2.9 VOTING........................................................ 3 2.10 WAIVER OF NOTICE.............................................. 3 2.11 STOCKHOLDER ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING....... 4 2.12 RECORD DATE FOR STOCKHOLDER NOTICE; VOTING; GIVING CONSENTS... 5 2.13 PROXIES....................................................... 5 2.14 LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS ENTITLED TO VOTE......................... 6 2.15 ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER NOMINEES........................ 6 2.16 ADVANCE NOTICE OF STOCKHOLDER BUSINESS........................ 7 ARTICLE III DIRECTORS................................................... 8 3.1 POWERS........................................................ 8 3.2 NUMBER OF DIRECTORS........................................... 8 3.3 ELECTION, QUALIFICATION AND TERM OF OFFICE OF DIRECTORS....... 8 3.4 RESIGNATION AND VACANCIES..................................... 8 3.5 PLACE OF MEETINGS; MEETINGS BY TELEPHONE...................... 9 3.6 REGULAR MEETINGS.............................................. 9 3.7 SPECIAL MEETINGS; NOTICE...................................... 9 3.8 QUORUM........................................................ 10 3.9 WAIVER OF NOTICE.............................................. 10 3.10 BOARD ACTION BY WRITTEN CONSENT WITHOUT A MEETING............. 10 3.11 FEES AND COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS............................ 11 3.12 APPROVAL OF LOANS TO OFFICERS................................. 11 |
3.13 REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS.......................................... 11 ARTICLE IV COMMITTEES................................................... 11 4.1 COMMITTEES OF DIRECTORS....................................... 11 4.2 COMMITTEE MINUTES............................................. 12 4.3 MEETINGS AND ACTION OF COMMITTEES............................. 12 ARTICLE V OFFICERS...................................................... 13 5.1 OFFICERS...................................................... 13 5.2 APPOINTMENT OF OFFICERS....................................... 13 5.3 SUBORDINATE OFFICERS.......................................... 13 5.4 REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS........................... 14 5.5 VACANCIES IN OFFICES.......................................... 14 5.6 CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD......................................... 14 5.7 PRESIDENT..................................................... 14 5.8 VICE PRESIDENTS............................................... 14 5.9 SECRETARY..................................................... 15 5.10 CHIEF FINANCIAL OFFICER....................................... 15 5.11 ASSISTANT SECRETARY........................................... 15 5.12 ASSISTANT TREASURER........................................... 16 5.13 REPRESENTATION OF SHARES OF OTHER CORPORATIONS................ 16 5.14 AUTHORITY AND DUTIES OF OFFICERS.............................. 16 ARTICLE VI INDEMNITY.................................................... 16 6.1 THIRD PARTY ACTIONS........................................... 16 6.2 ACTIONS BY OR IN THE RIGHT OF THE CORPORATION................. 18 6.3 SUCCESSFUL DEFENSE............................................ 18 6.4 DETERMINATION OF CONDUCT...................................... 18 6.5 PAYMENT OF EXPENSES IN ADVANCE................................ 19 6.6 INDEMNITY NOT EXCLUSIVE....................................... 19 6.7 INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION..................................... 19 6.8 THE CORPORATION............................................... 20 6.9 EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS........................................ 20 6.10 CONTINUATION OF INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES... 20 ARTICLE VII RECORDS AND REPORTS......................................... 21 7.1 MAINTENANCE AND INSPECTION OF RECORDS......................... 21 7.2 INSPECTION BY DIRECTORS....................................... 22 |
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
Page ---- 7.3 ANNUAL STATEMENT TO STOCKHOLDERS.............................. 22 ARTICLE VIII GENERAL MATTERS............................................ 22 8.1 CHECKS........................................................ 22 8.2 EXECUTION OF CORPORATE CONTRACTS AND INSTRUMENTS.............. 22 8.3 STOCK CERTIFICATES; PARTLY PAID SHARES........................ 22 8.4 SPECIAL DESIGNATION ON CERTIFICATES........................... 23 8.5 LOST CERTIFICATES............................................. 23 8.6 CONSTRUCTION; DEFINITIONS..................................... 24 8.7 DIVIDENDS..................................................... 24 8.8 FISCAL YEAR................................................... 24 8.9 SEAL.......................................................... 24 8.10 TRANSFER OF STOCK............................................. 24 8.11 STOCK TRANSFER AGREEMENTS..................................... 24 8.12 REGISTERED STOCKHOLDERS....................................... 25 ARTICLE IX AMENDMENTS................................................... 26 9.1 AMENDMENTS BY STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS...................... 26 9.2 SUPERMAJORITY VOTE............................................ 26 |
ARTICLE I
The registered office of the corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware. The name of the registered agent of the corporation at such location is The Corporation Trust Company.
The board of directors may at any time establish other offices at any place or places where the corporation is qualified to do business.
ARTICLE II
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at any place, within or outside the State of Delaware, designated by the board of directors. In the absence of any such designation, stockholders' meetings shall be held at the registered office of the corporation.
The annual meeting of stockholders shall be held each year on a date and at a time designated by the board of directors. In the absence of such designation the annual meeting of stockholders shall be held on the second Tuesday of March of each year at 10:00 a.m. However, if such day falls on a legal holiday, then the meeting shall be held at the same time and place on the next succeeding business day. At the meeting, directors shall be elected and any other proper business may be transacted.
Except as otherwise required by law, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called only by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board, or the President; provided however, that if at any time no directors remain in office, then a special meeting for the purpose of electing directors may be called in accordance with the procedure set forth in the Bylaws. No business may be transacted at such special meeting otherwise than as specified in the notice of such meeting.
All notices of meetings with stockholders shall be in writing and shall be sent or otherwise given in accordance with Section 2.5 of these bylaws not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice shall specify the place, date, and hour of the meeting, and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Written notice of any meeting of stockholders, if mailed, is given when deposited in the United States mail, postage prepaid, directed to the stockholder at such shareholder's address as it appears on the records of the corporation. An affidavit of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or of the transfer agent of the corporation that the notice has been given shall, in the absence of fraud, be prima facie evidence of the facts stated therein.
The holders of a majority of the stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stock holders for the transaction of business except as otherwise provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If, however, such quorum is not present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, then either (i) the Chairman of the meeting or (ii) the stockholders entitled to vote thereat, present in person or represented by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present or represented, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally noticed.
When a meeting is adjourned to another time or place, unless these bylaws otherwise require, notice need not be given of the adjourned meeting if the time and place thereof are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is taken. At the adjourned meeting the corporation may transact any business that might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote at the meeting.
The chairman of any meeting of stockholders shall determine the order of business and the procedure at the meeting, including such regulation of the manner of voting and the conduct of business.
The stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined in accordance with the provisions of Section 2.12 of these bylaws, subject to the provisions of Sections 217 and 218 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware (relating to voting rights of fiduciaries, pledgors and joint owners of stock and to voting trusts and other voting agreements).
Except as provided in the last paragraph of this Section 2.9, or as may be otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, each stockholder shall be entitled to one vote for each share of capital stock held by such stockholder.
At a stockholders' meeting at which directors are to be elected, each stockholder shall be entitled to cumulate votes (i.e., cast for any candidate a number of votes greater than the number of votes which such stockholder normally is entitled to cast) if the candidates' names have been properly placed in nomination (in accordance with these bylaws) prior to commencement of the voting and the stockholder requesting cumulative voting or any other stockholder voting at the meeting in person or by proxy has given notice prior to commencement of the voting of the stockholder's intention to cumulate votes. If cumulative voting is properly requested, each holder of stock, or of any class or classes or of a series or series thereof, who elects to cumulate votes shall be entitled to as many votes as equals the number of votes which (absent this provision as to cumulative voting) such holder would be entitled to cast for the election of directors with respect to the holder's shares of stock multiplied by the number of directors to be elected by the holder, and the holder may cast all of such votes for a single director or may distribute them among the number to be voted for, or for any two or more of them, as the holder may see fit.
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the
person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the stockholders need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation, any action required by this chapter to be taken at any annual or special meeting of stockholders of a corporation, or any action that may be taken at any annual or special meeting of such stockholders, may be taken without a meeting, without prior notice, and without a vote if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, is signed by the holders of outstanding stock having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all shares entitled to vote thereon were present and voted.
Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing. If the action which is consented to is such as would have required the filing of a certificate under any section of the General Corporation Law of Delaware if such action had been voted on by stockholders at a meeting thereof, then the certificate filed under such section shall state, in lieu of any statement required by such section concerning any vote of stockholders, that written notice and written consent have been given as provided in Section 228 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
Notwithstanding the foregoing provisions of this Section 2.11, this Section 2.11 shall be null and void effective upon the closing of a firm commitment underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, covering the offer and sale of equity securities for the account of the Corporation to the public at an aggregate price (prior to underwriter's commissions and offering expenses) of not less than $15,000,000.
In order that the corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or entitled to exercise any rights in respect of any change, conversion or exchange of stock or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the board of directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action.
If the board of directors does not so fix a record date:
(i) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day next preceding the day on which the meeting is held.
(ii) The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the board of directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed.
(iii) The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the board of directors adopts the resolution relating thereto.
A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided, however, that the board of directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
Each stockholder entitled to vote at a meeting of stockholders or to express consent or dissent to corporate action in writing without a meeting may authorize another person or persons to act for the stockholder by a written proxy, signed by the stockholder and filed with the secretary of the corporation, but no such proxy shall be voted or acted upon after three (3) years from its date, unless the proxy provides for a longer period. A proxy shall be deemed signed if the stockholder's name is placed on the proxy (whether by manual signature, typewriting, telegraphic transmission or otherwise) by the stockholder or the stockholder's attorney-in-fact. The revocability of a proxy that states on its face that
it is irrevocable shall be governed by the provisions of Section 212(c) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of a corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present. Such list shall presumptively determine the identity of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and the number of shares held by each of them.
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors of the
corporation may be made at a meeting of stockholders by or at the direction of
the Board of Directors or by any stockholder of the corporation entitled to vote
in the election of directors at the meeting who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section. Such nominations, other than those made by
or at the direction of the Board of Directors, shall be made pursuant to timely
notice in writing to the Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a
stockholder's notice shall be delivered to or mailed and received at the
principal executive offices of the corporation not less than twenty (20) days
nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the meeting; provided, however, that in
the event less than thirty (30) days notice or prior public disclosure of the
date of the meeting is given or made to stockholders, notice by the stockholder
to be timely must be so received not later than the close of business on the
tenth day following the day on which such notice of the date of the meeting was
mailed or such public disclosure closure was made. Such stockholder's notice
shall set forth (a) as to each person, if any, whom the stockholder proposes to
nominate for election or re-election as a director: (i) the name, age, business
address and residence address of such person, (ii) the principal occupation or
employment of such person, (iii) the class and number of shares of the
corporation which are beneficially owned by such person, (iv) any other
information relating to such person that is required by law to be disclosed in
solicitations of proxies for election of directors, and (v) such person's
written consent to being named as a nominee and to serving as a director if
elected; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice: (i) the name and
address, as they appear on the corporation's books, of such stockholder, and
(ii) the class and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially
owned by such stockholder, and (iii) a description of all arrangements or
understandings between such stockholder and each nominee and any other person or
persons (naming such person or persons) relating to the nomination. At the
request of the Board of Directors any person nominated by the Board for election
as a director shall furnish to the Secretary of the corporation that information
required to be set forth in the stockholder's notice of nomination which
pertains to the nominee. No person shall be eligible for election as a director
of the corporation unless nominated in
accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section. The chairman of the meeting shall, if the facts warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that a nomination was not made in accordance with the procedures prescribed by these Bylaws, and if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting and the defective nomination shall be disregarded.
At an annual meeting of the stockholders, only such business shall be
conducted as shall have been properly brought before the meeting. To be
properly brought before an annual meeting, business must be: (a) as specified
in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the
direction of the Board of Directors, (b) otherwise properly brought before the
meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors, or (c) otherwise
properly brought before the meeting by a stockholder. Business to be brought
before an annual meeting by a stockholder shall not be considered properly
brought if the stockholder has not given timely notice thereof in writing to the
Secretary of the corporation. To be timely, a stockholder's notice must be
delivered to or mailed and received at the principal executive offices of the
corporation not less than twenty (20) nor more than sixty (60) days prior to the
meeting; provided, however, that in the event that less than thirty (30) days
notice or prior public disclosure of the date of the meeting is given or made to
stockholders, notice by the stockholder to be timely must be so received not
later than the close of business on the tenth day following the day on which
such notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such public
disclosure was made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary shall set forth as
to each matter the stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting: (i)
a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual
meeting and the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, (ii)
the name and address of the stockholder proposing such business, (iii) the class
and number of shares of the corporation which are beneficially owned by the
stockholder, (iv) any material interest of the stockholder in such business, and
(v) any other information that is required by law to be provided by the
stockholder in his capacity as a proponent of a stockholder proposal.
Notwithstanding anything in these bylaws to the contrary, no business shall be
conducted at any annual meeting except in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Section. The chairman of the annual meeting shall, if the facts
warrant, determine and declare at the meeting that business was not properly
brought before the meeting and in accordance with the provisions of this
Section, and, if he should so determine, he shall so declare at the meeting that
any such business not properly brought before the meeting shall not be
transacted.
ARTICLE III
Subject to the provisions of the General Corporation Law of Delaware and any limitations in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws relating to action required to be approved by the stockholders or by the outstanding shares, the business and affairs of the corporation shall be managed and all corporate powers shall be exercised by or under the direction of the board of directors.
The Board of Directors shall consist of seven (7) persons until changed by a proper amendment of this Section 3.2.
No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director before that director's term of office expires.
Except as provided in Section 3.4 of these bylaws, directors shall be elected at each annual meeting of stockholders to hold office until the next annual meeting. Directors need not be stock holders unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, wherein other qualifications for directors may be prescribed. Each director, including a director elected to fill a vacancy, shall hold office until his or her successor is elected and qualified or until the director's earlier resignation or removal.
Elections of directors need not be by written ballot.
Any director may resign at any time upon written notice to the attention of the Secretary of the corporation. When one or more directors so resigns and the resignation is effective at a future date, a majority of the directors then in office, including those who have so resigned, shall have power to fill such vacancy or vacancies, the vote thereon to take effect when such resignation or resignations shall become effective, and each director so chosen shall hold office as provided in this section in the filling of other vacancies.
Unless otherwise provided in the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws:
(i) Vacancies and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors elected by all of the stockholders having the right to vote as a single class
may be filled by a majority of the directors then in office, although less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director.
(ii) Whenever the holders of any class or classes of stock or series thereof are entitled to elect one or more directors by the provisions of the certificate of incorporation, vacancies and newly created directorships of such class or classes or series may be filled by a majority of the directors elected by such class or classes or series thereof then in office, or by a sole remaining director so elected.
If at any time, by reason of death or resignation or other cause, the corporation should have no directors in office, then any officer or any stockholder or an executor, administrator, trustee or guardian of a stockholder, or other fiduciary entrusted with like responsibility for the person or estate of a stockholder, may call a special meeting of stockholders in accordance with the provisions of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, or may apply to the Court of Chancery for a decree summarily ordering an election as provided in Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
If, at the time of filling any vacancy or any newly created directorship, the directors then in office constitute less than a majority of the whole board (as constituted immediately prior to any such increase), then the Court of Chancery may, upon application of any stockholder or stockholders holding at least ten (10) percent of the total number of the shares at the time outstanding having the right to vote for such directors, summarily order an election to be held to fill any such vacancies or newly created directorships, or to replace the directors chosen by the directors then in office as aforesaid, which election shall be governed by the provisions of Section 211 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware as far as applicable.
The board of directors of the corporation may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or outside the State of Delaware.
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, members of the board of directors, or any committee designated by the board of directors, may participate in a meeting of the board of directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Regular meetings of the board of directors may be held without notice at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the board.
Special meetings of the board of directors for any purpose or purposes may be called at any time by the chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the secretary or any two (2) directors.
Notice of the time and place of special meetings shall be delivered personally or by telephone to each director or sent by first-class mail or telegram, charges prepaid, addressed to each director at that director's address as it is shown on the records of the corporation. If the notice is mailed, it shall be deposited in the United States mail at least four (4) days before the time of the holding of the meeting. If the notice is delivered personally or by telephone or by telegram, it shall be delivered personally or by telephone or to the telegraph company at least forty-eight (48) hours before the time of the holding of the meeting. Any oral notice given personally or by telephone may be communicated either to the director or to a person at the office of the director who the person giving the notice has reason to believe will promptly communicate it to the director. The notice need not specify the purpose or the place of the meeting, if the meeting is to be held at the principal executive office of the corporation.
At all meetings of the board of directors, a majority of the authorized number of directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors, except as may be otherwise specifically provided by statute or by the certificate of incorporation. If a quorum is not present at any meeting of the board of directors, then the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum is present.
A meeting at which a quorum is initially present may continue to transact business notwithstanding the withdrawal of directors, if any action taken is approved by at least a majority of the required quorum for that meeting.
Whenever notice is required to be given under any provision of the General Corporation Law of Delaware or of the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, a written waiver thereof, signed by the person entitled to notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice. Attendance of a person at a meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except when the person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting, at the beginning of the meeting, to the transaction of any business because the meeting is not lawfully called or convened. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any regular or special meeting of the directors, or members of a committee of directors, need be specified in any written waiver of notice unless so required by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws.
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the board of directors, or of any committee thereof, may be taken without a meeting if all members of the board or committee, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the board or committee.
Unless otherwise restricted by the certificate of incorporation or these bylaws, the board of directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors.
The corporation may lend money to, or guarantee any obligation of, or otherwise assist any officer or other employee of the corporation or of its subsidiary, including any officer or employee who is a director of the corporation or its subsidiary, whenever, in the judgment of the directors, such loan, guaranty or assistance may reasonably be expected to benefit the corporation. The loan, guaranty or other assistance may be with or without interest and may be unsecured, or secured in such manner as the board of directors shall approve, including, without limitation, a pledge of shares of stock of the corporation. Nothing in this section contained shall be deemed to deny, limit or restrict the powers of guaranty or warranty of the corporation at common law or under any statute.
Unless otherwise restricted by statute, by the certificate of incorporation or by these bylaws, any director or the entire board of directors may be removed, with or without cause, by the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote at an election of directors; provided, however, that, so long as shareholders of the corporation are entitled to cumulative voting, if less than the entire board is to be removed, no director may be removed without cause if the votes cast against the director's removal would be sufficient to elect the director if then cumulatively voted at an election of the entire board of directors.
No reduction of the authorized number of directors shall have the effect of removing any director prior to the expiration of such director's term of office.
ARTICLE IV
The board of directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the whole board, designate one or more committees, with each committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the corporation. The board may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not such member or members constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint
another member of the board of directors to act at the meeting in the place of
any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent
provided in the resolution of the board of directors or in the bylaws of the
corporation, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the
board of directors in the management of the business and affairs of the
corporation, and may authorize the seal of the corporation to be affixed to all
papers that may require it; but no such committee shall have the power or
authority to (i) amend the certificate of incorporation (except that a committee
may, to the extent authorized in the resolution or resolutions providing for the
issuance of shares of stock adopted by the board of directors as provided in
Section 151(a) of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, fix the designations
and any of the preferences or rights of such shares relating to dividends,
redemption, dissolution, any distribution of assets of the corporation or the
conversion into, or the exchange of such shares for, shares of any other class
or classes or any other series of the same or any other class or classes of
stock of the corporation or fix the number of shares of any series of stock or
authorize the increase or decrease of the shares of any series), (ii) adopt an
agreement of merger or consolidation under Sections 251 or 252 of the General
Corporation Law of Delaware, (iii) recommend to the stockholders the sale, lease
or exchange of all or substantially all of the corporation's property and
assets, (iv) recommend to the stockholders a dissolution of the corporation or a
revocation of a dissolution, or (v) amend the bylaws of the corporation; and,
unless the board resolution establishing the committee, the bylaws or the
certificate of incorporation expressly so provide, no such committee shall have
the power or authority to declare a dividend, to authorize the issuance of
stock, or to adopt a certificate of ownership and merger pursuant to Section 253
of the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the board of directors when required.
Meetings and actions of committees shall be governed by, and held and taken
in accordance with, the provisions of Article III of these bylaws, Section 3.5
(place of meetings and meetings by tele phone), Section 3.6 (regular meetings),
Section 3.7 (special meetings and notice), Section 3.8 (quorum), Section 3.9
(waiver of notice), and Section 3.10 (action without a meeting), with such
changes in the context of those bylaws as are necessary to substitute the
committee and its members for the board of directors and its members; provided,
however, that the time of regular meetings of committees may be determined
either by resolution of the board of directors or by resolution of the
committee, that special meetings of committees may also be called by resolution
of the board of directors and that notice of special meetings of committees
shall also be given to all alternate members, who shall have the right to attend
all meetings of the committee. The board of directors may adopt rules for the
government of any committee not inconsistent with the provisions of these
bylaws.
ARTICLE V
The officers of the corporation shall be a president, a secretary, and a chief financial officer. The corporation may also have, at the discretion of the board of directors, a chairman of the board, one or more vice presidents, one or more assistant vice presidents, one or more assistant secretaries, one or more assistant treasurers, and any such other officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Section 5.3 of these bylaws. Any number of offices may be held by the same person.
The officers of the corporation, except such officers as may be appointed in accordance with the provisions of Sections 5.3 or 5.5 of these bylaws, shall be appointed by the board of directors, subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment.
The board of directors may appoint, or empower the president to appoint, such other officers and agents as the business of the corporation may require, each of whom shall hold office for such period, have such authority, and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as the board of directors may from time to time determine.
Subject to the rights, if any, of an officer under any contract of employment, any officer may be removed, either with or without cause, by an affirmative vote of the majority of the board of directors at any regular or special meeting of the board or, except in the case of an officer chosen by the board of directors, by any officer upon whom such power of removal may be conferred by the board of directors.
Any officer may resign at any time by giving written notice to the corporation. Any resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of that notice or at any later time specified in that notice; and, unless otherwise specified in that notice, the acceptance of the resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
Any vacancy occurring in any office of the corporation shall be filled by the board of directors.
The chairman of the board, if such an officer be elected, shall, if
present, preside at meetings of the board of directors and exercise and perform
such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to him or her
by the board of directors or as may be prescribed by these bylaws. If there is
no president, then the chairman of the board shall also be the chief executive
officer of the corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in
Section 5.7 of these bylaws.
Subject to such supervisory powers, if any, as may be given by the board of directors to the chairman of the board, if there be such an officer, the president shall be the chief executive officer of the corporation and shall, subject to the control of the board of directors, have general supervision, direction, and control of the business and the officers of the corporation. The president shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence or nonexistence of a chairman of the board, at all meetings of the board of directors. The president shall have the general powers and duties of management usually vested in the office of president of a corporation and shall have such other powers and duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.
In the absence or disability of the president, the vice presidents, if any, in order of their rank as fixed by the board of directors or, if not ranked, a vice president designated by the board of directors, shall perform all the duties of the president and when so acting shall have all the powers of, and be subject to all the restrictions upon, the president. The vice presidents shall have such other powers and perform
such other duties as from time to time may be prescribed for them respectively by the board of directors, these bylaws, the president or the chairman of the board.
The secretary shall keep or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the corporation or such other place as the board of directors may direct, a book of minutes of all meetings and actions of directors, committees of directors, and stockholders. The minutes shall show the time and place of each meeting, whether regular or special (and, if special, how authorized and the notice given), the names of those present at directors' meetings or committee meetings, the number of shares present or represented at stockholders' meetings, and the proceedings thereof.
The secretary shall keep, or cause to be kept, at the principal executive office of the corporation or at the office of the corporation's transfer agent or registrar, as determined by resolution of the board of directors, a share register, or a duplicate share register, showing the names of all stockholders and their addresses, the number and classes of shares held by each, the number and date of certificates evidencing such shares, and the number and date of cancellation of every certificate surrendered for cancellation.
The secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and of the board of directors required to be given by law or by these bylaws. The secretary shall keep the seal of the corporation, if one be adopted, in safe custody and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or by these bylaws.
The chief financial officer shall keep and maintain, or cause to be kept and maintained, adequate and correct books and records of accounts of the properties and business transactions of the corporation, including accounts of its assets, liabilities, receipts, disbursements, gains, losses, capital retained earnings, and shares. The books of account shall at all reasonable times be open to inspection by any director.
The chief financial officer shall deposit all moneys and other valuables in the name and to the credit of the corporation with such depositories as may be designated by the board of directors. The chief financial officer shall disburse the funds of the corporation as may be ordered by the board of directors, shall render to the president and directors, whenever they request it, an account of all his or her transactions as chief financial officer and of the financial condition of the corporation, and shall have other powers and perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.
The chief financial officer shall be the treasurer of the corporation.
The assistant secretary, or, if there is more than one, the assistant
secretaries in the order determined by the stockholders or board of directors
(or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election)
shall, in the absence of the secretary or in the event of his or her inability
or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the secretary
and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be
prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.
The assistant treasurer, or, if there is more than one, the assistant treasurers, in the order determined by the stockholders or board of directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the chief financial officer or in the event of his or her inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the chief financial officer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may be prescribed by the board of directors or these bylaws.
The chairman of the board, the president, any vice president, the chief financial officer, the secretary or assistant secretary of this corporation, or any other person authorized by the board of directors or the president or a vice president, is authorized to vote, represent, and exercise on behalf of this corporation all rights incident to any and all shares of any other corporation or corporations standing in the name of this corporation. The authority granted herein may be exercised either by such person directly or by any other person authorized to do so by proxy or power of attorney duly executed by such person having the authority.
In addition to the foregoing authority and duties, all officers of the corporation shall respectively have such authority and perform such duties in the management of the business of the corporation as may be designated from time to time by the board of directors or the stockholders.
ARTICLE VI
The corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending, or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (other than an action by or in the right of the corporation) by reason of the fact that he is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partner-
The corporation shall indemnify any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against expenses (including attorneys' fees) and amounts paid in settlement (if such settlement is approved in advance by the corporation, which approval shall not be unreasonably withheld) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if the person acted in good faith and in manner the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the corporation, except that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the corporation unless and only to the extent that the Delaware Court of Chancery or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Delaware Court of Chancery or such other court shall deem proper. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Article VI, no person shall be indemnified hereunder for any expenses or amounts paid in settlement with respect to any action to recover short-swing profits under Section 16(b) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation has been successful on the merits or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in Sections 6.1 and 6.2, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, such person shall be indemnified against expenses (including attorneys' fees) actually and reasonably incurred by the person in connection therewith.
Any indemnification under Sections 6.1 and 6.2 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that the indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because the person has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors or the Executive Committee by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding or (2) or if such quorum is not obtainable or, even if obtainable, a quorum of disinterested directors so directs, by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (3) by the stockholders. Notwithstanding the foregoing, a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation shall be entitled to contest any determination that the director, officer, employee or agent has not met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in Sections 6.1 and 6.2 by petitioning a court of competent jurisdiction.
Expenses incurred in defending a civil or criminal action, suit or
proceeding, by an individual who may be entitled to indemnification pursuant to
Section 6.1 or 6.2, shall be paid by the corporation in advance of the final
disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by
or on behalf of the director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if
it shall ultimately be determined that the individual is not entitled to be
indemnified by the corporation as authorized in this Article VI.
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by or granted pursuant to the other sections of this Article VI shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification or advancement of expenses may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in their official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding such office.
The corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, against any liability asserted against the person and incurred by the person in any such capacity or arising out of the person's status as such, whether or not the corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Article VI.
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "the corporation" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under and subject to the provisions of this Article VI (including, without limitation the provisions of Section 6.4) with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as the person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
For purposes of this Article VI, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee, or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and a person who acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the corporation" as referred to in this Article VI.
The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Article VI shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
ARTICLE VII
The corporation shall, either at its principal executive officer or at such place or places as designated by the board of directors, keep a record of its stockholders listing their names and addresses and the number and class of shares held by each stockholder, a copy of these bylaws as amended to date, accounting books, and other records.
Any stockholder of record, in person or by attorney or other agent, shall, upon written demand under oath stating the purpose thereof, have the right during the usual hours for business to inspect for any proper purpose the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records and to make copies or extracts therefrom. A proper purpose shall mean a purpose reasonably related to such person's interest as a stockholder. In every instance where an attorney or other agent is the person who seeks the right to inspection, the demand under oath shall be accompanied by a power of attorney or such other writing that authorizes the attorney or other agent so to act on behalf of the stockholder. The demand under oath shall be directed to the corporation at its registered office in Delaware or at its principal place of business.
The officer who has charge of the stock ledger of the corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder who is present.
Any director shall have the right to examine the corporation's stock ledger, a list of its stockholders, and its other books and records for a purpose reasonably related to his or her position as a director. The Court of Chancery is hereby vested with the exclusive jurisdiction to determine whether a director is entitled to the inspection sought. The Court may summarily order the corporation to permit the director to inspect any and all books and records, the stock ledger, and the stock list and to make copies or extracts therefrom. The Court may, in its discretion, prescribe any limitations or conditions with reference to the inspection, or award such other and further relief as the Court may deem just and proper.
The board of directors shall present at each annual meeting, and at any special meeting of the stockholders when called for by vote of the stockholders, a full and clear statement of the business and condition of the corporation.
ARTICLE VIII
From time to time, the board of directors shall determine by resolution which person or persons may sign or endorse all checks, drafts, other orders for payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness that are issued in the name of or payable to the corporation, and only the persons so authorized shall sign or endorse those instruments.
The board of directors, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws, may authorize any officer or officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the corporation; such authority may be general or confined to specific instances. Unless so authorized or ratified by the board of directors or within the agency power of an officer, no officer, agent or employee shall have any power or authority to bind the corporation by any contract or engagement or to pledge its credit or to render it liable for any purpose or for any amount.
The shares of the corporation shall be represented by certificates, provided that the board of directors of the corporation may provide by resolution or resolutions that some or all of any or all classes or series of its stock shall be uncertificated shares. Any such resolution shall not apply to shares
represented by a certificate until such certificate is surrendered to the corporation. Notwithstanding the adoption of such a resolution by the board of directors, every holder of stock represented by certificates and upon request every holder of uncertificated shares shall be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the corporation by the chairman or vice-chairman of the board of directors, or the president or vice-president, and by the chief financial officer or an assistant treasurer, or the secretary or an assistant secretary of such corporation representing the number of shares registered in certificate form. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate has ceased to be such officer, transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the corporation with the same effect as if the person were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of issue.
The corporation may issue the whole or any part of its shares as partly paid and subject to call for the remainder of the consideration to be paid therefor. Upon the face or back of each stock certificate issued to represent any such partly paid shares, upon the books and records of the corporation in the case of uncertificated partly paid shares, the total amount of the consideration to be paid therefor and the amount paid thereon shall be stated. Upon the declaration of any dividend on fully paid shares, the corporation shall declare a dividend upon partly paid shares of the same class, but only upon the basis of the percentage of the consideration actually paid thereon.
If the corporation is authorized to issue more than one class of stock or more than one series of any class, then the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights shall be set forth in full or summarized on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock; provided, however, that, except as otherwise provided in Section 202 of the General Corporation Law of Delaware, in lieu of the foregoing requirements there may be set forth on the face or back of the certificate that the corporation shall issue to represent such class or series of stock a statement that the corporation will furnish without charge to each stockholder who so requests the powers, the designations, the preferences, and the relative, participating, optional or other special rights of each class of stock or series thereof and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions of such preferences and/or rights.
Except as provided in this Section 8.5, no new certificates for shares shall be issued to replace a previously issued certificate unless the latter is surrendered to the corporation and cancelled at the same time. The corporation may issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in the place of any certificate theretofore issued by it, alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, and the corporation may require the owner of the lost, stolen or destroyed certificate, or the owner's legal representative, to give the corporation a bond sufficient to indemnify it against any claim that may be made against it on account of the alleged loss, theft or destruction of any such certificate or the issuance of such new certificate or uncertificated shares.
Unless the context requires otherwise, the general provisions, rules of construction, and definitions in the Delaware General Corporation Law shall govern the construction of these bylaws. Without limiting the generality of this provision, the singular number includes the plural, the plural number includes the singular, and the term "person" includes both a corporation and a natural person.
The directors of the corporation, subject to any restrictions contained in
(i) the General Corporation Law of Delaware or (ii) the certificate of
incorporation, may declare and pay dividends upon the shares of its capital
stock. Dividends may be paid in cash, in property, or in shares of the
corporation's capital stock.
The directors of the corporation may set apart out of any of the funds of the corporation available for dividends a reserve or reserves for any proper purpose and may abolish any such reserve. Such purposes shall include but not be limited to equalizing dividends, repairing or maintaining any property of the corporation, and meeting contingencies.
The fiscal year of the corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors and may be changed by the board of directors.
The corporation may adopt a corporate seal, which shall be adopted and which may be altered by the board of directors, and may use the same by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or in any other manner reproduced.
Upon surrender to the corporation or the transfer agent of the corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignation or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the corporation to issue a new certificate to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate, and record the transaction in its books.
The corporation shall have power to enter into and perform any agreement with any number of stockholders of any one or more classes of stock of the corporation to restrict the transfer of shares of stock of the corporation of any one or more classes owned by such stockholders in any manner not prohibited by the General Corporation Law of Delaware.
The corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends and to vote as such owner, shall be entitled to hold liable for calls and assessments the person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of another person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by the laws of Delaware.
ARTICLE IX
The bylaws of the corporation may be adopted, amended or repealed by the stockholders entitled to vote; provided, however, that the corporation may, in its certificate of incorporation, confer the power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws upon the directors. The fact that such power has been so conferred upon the directors shall not divest the stockholders of the power, nor limit their power to adopt, amend or repeal bylaws.
Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in the bylaws, neither Section 2.3
(special meeting), Section 2.15 (advance notice of stockholder nominees),
Section 2.16 (advance notice of stockholder business), nor this Section 9.2
(supermajority vote) of the bylaws shall be repealed or amended, nor shall any
provision inconsistent with the aforementioned provisions be adopted and added
to the bylaws except upon the affirmative vote of not less than two-thirds of
the shares of the corporation issued and outstanding.
Amended and Restated Bylaws adopted by the Board of Directors of the Corporation at Palo Alto, California, this 29th day of May, 1998.
EXHIBIT 4.2
SECOND AMENDED AND RESTATED MODIFICATION AGREEMENT
This Agreement is made as of the 15th day of May, 1997 between Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation ("Echelon"), Motorola, Inc., a Delaware corporation ("Motorola"), Quantum Industrial Partners LDC, a Cayman Islands exempted limited duration company ("Quantum"), EdVenture Capital Corporation, a Michigan corporation ("EdVenture") (Motorola, Quantum and EdVenture are collectively referred to hereinafter as the "Series B, C and/or D Purchasers"), M. Kenneth Oshman ("Oshman"), A. C. Markkula, Jr. ("Markkula"), and certain entities controlled by Oshman and Markkula (collectively, the "Oshman and Markkula Entities"), those purchasers of shares of Series A Preferred Stock of Echelon and certain of their transferees (the "Series A Purchasers") pursuant to the Series A Preferred Stock Purchase Agreement dated as of January 6, 1989 (the "Series A Agreement"), and those purchasers of shares of Series E Preferred Stock of Echelon (the "Series E Purchasers") pursuant to two Series E Preferred Stock Purchase Agreements, each dated as of May 15, 1997 (collectively, the "Series E Agreement").
A. Pursuant to the Amended and Restated Modification Agreement dated October 7, 1994 (the "Prior Modification Agreement"), the Series A Purchasers, Motorola, EdVenture, Quantum, Oshman, Markkula, and certain entities controlled by Oshman and Markkula, were granted certain rights with respect to the registration of Echelon's securities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), as set forth in Section 1 of the Prior Modification Agreement.
B. On October 22, 1991, all 6,249,500 shares of Echelon's outstanding Series A Preferred Stock automatically converted into 6,249,500 shares of Echelon's Common Stock pursuant to the automatic conversion provisions of Echelon's Restated and Amended Certificate of Incorporation.
C. Echelon proposes to sell to the Series E Purchasers 2,000,000 shares of its Series E Preferred Stock (the "Series E Preferred") pursuant to the Series E Agreement. Echelon further proposes to grant to certain of the Series E Purchasers warrants to purchase up to 400,000 shares of the Series E Preferred (the "Series E Warrants"). Echelon desires to give the Series E Purchasers the rights as set forth herein with respect to the Series E Preferred, including the Series E Preferred issuable upon exercise of the Series E Warrants.
D. Echelon has requested, and the Series A Purchasers, Motorola, Quantum, EdVenture, Oshman, Markkula and certain entities controlled by Oshman and Markkula have agreed, that the registration rights set forth in Section 1 of the Prior Modification Agreement shall be of no further
force and effect, and that the rights granted herein to the Series A Purchasers, Motorola, Quantum, EdVenture, Oshman, Markkula, certain entities controlled by Oshman and Markkula, and the Series E Purchasers shall supersede the registration rights granted in the Prior Modification Agreement.
E. Pursuant to Section 3.3 of the Prior Modification Agreement, the holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities (as defined in the Prior Modification Agreement) may amend the provisions of the Prior Modification Agreement on behalf of all of the parties to the Prior Modification Agreement.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
SECTION 1
THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE HAVE BEEN ACQUIRED FOR INVESTMENT AND HAVE NOT BEEN REGISTERED UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933. SUCH SHARES MAY NOT BE SOLD OR TRANSFERRED IN THE ABSENCE OF SUCH REGISTRATION OR UNLESS THE COMPANY RECEIVES AN OPINION OF COUNSEL REASON ABLY ACCEPTABLE TO IT STATING THAT SUCH SALE OR TRANSFER IS EXEMPT FROM THE REGISTRATION AND PROSPECTUS DELIVERY REQUIREMENTS OF SAID ACT. COPIES OF THE AGREEMENT COVERING THE PURCHASE OF THESE SHARES AND RESTRICTING THEIR TRANSFER MAY BE OBTAINED AT NO COST BY WRITTEN REQUEST MADE BY THE HOLDER OF RECORD OF THIS CERTIFICATE TO THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION AT THE PRINCIPAL EXECUTIVE OFFICES OF THE CORPORATION.
Each Investor and Holder consents to Echelon making a notation on its records and giving instructions to any transfer agent of the Preferred Stock or the Common Stock in order to implement the restrictions on transfer established in this Section 1.
and Echelon such legend is not required in order to establish compliance with any provision of the Securities Act. Notwithstanding anything in this Section 1.4 to the contrary, prior to the closing of Echelon's first underwritten public offering pursuant to an effective registration statement under the Securities Act, Echelon may decline to allow any transfer of Restricted Securities which would result in Echelon becoming subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
(i) promptly give written notice of the proposed registration, qualification or compliance to all other Holders; and
(ii) as soon as practicable, use its best efforts to effect such registration, qualification or compliance (including, without limitation, appropriate qualification under applicable blue sky or other state securities laws and appropriate compliance with applicable regulations issued under the Securities Act and any other governmental requirements or regulations) as may be so requested and as would permit or facilitate the sale and distribution of all or such portion of such Registrable Securities as are specified in such request, together with all or such portion of the Registrable Securities of any Holder or Holders joining in such request as are specified in a written request received by Echelon within 20 days after receipt of such written notice from Echelon;
Provided, however, that Echelon shall not be obligated to take any action to effect any such registration, qualification or compliance pursuant to this Section 1.5:
(1) In any particular jurisdiction in which Echelon would be required to execute a general consent to service of process in effecting such registration, qualification or compliance unless Echelon is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act;
(2) Prior to the date one year after the effective date of Echelon's first registered public offering of its stock;
(3) During the period starting with the date sixty (60) days prior to Echelon's estimated date of filing of, and ending on the date three (3) months immediately following the effective date of, any registration statement pertaining to securities of Echelon (other than a registration of securities in a Rule 145 transaction or with respect to an employee benefit plan), provided that Echelon is actively employing in good faith all reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective;
(4) After Echelon has effected two such registrations pursuant to this subparagraph 1.5(a), and such registrations have been declared or ordered effective; provided,
however, that if a registration request made by the Initiating Holders is subsequently withdrawn at any time by the request of the Holders of a majority of the Registrable Securities to be registered, the Holders shall forfeit their right to one requested registration pursuant to this Section 1.5; provided further, however, that if at the time of such withdrawal, the Holders have learned of a materially adverse change in the financial condition, business or prospects of Echelon from that known to the Initiating Holders at the time of their request, the withdrawal shall not result in such a forfeit of the Holder's rights to a requested registration pursuant to this Section 1.5;
(5) If Echelon shall furnish to such Holders a certificate signed by the President of Echelon stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors it would be seriously detrimental to Echelon or its stockholders for a registration statement to be filed in the near future, then Echelon's obligation to use its best efforts to register, qualify or comply under this Section 1.5 shall be deferred for a period not to exceed one hundred twenty (120) days from the date of receipt of written request from the Initiating Holders.
Subject to the foregoing clauses (1) through (5), Echelon shall file a registration statement covering the Registrable Securities so requested to be registered as soon as practicable, after receipt of the request or requests of the Initiating Holders.
Echelon shall (together with all Holders proposing to distribute their securities through such underwriting) enter into an underwriting agreement in customary form with the managing underwriter selected for such underwriting by a majority in interest of the Initiating Holders, but subject to Echelon's reasonable approval. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Section 1.5, if the managing underwriter advises the Initiating Holders in writing that marketing factors require a limitation of the number of shares to be underwritten, then Echelon shall so advise all Holders of Registrable Securities and the number of shares of Registrable Securities that may be included in the registration and underwriting shall be allocated among all Holders thereof in pro portion, as nearly as practicable, to the respective amounts of Registrable Securities held by such Holders at the time of filing the registration statement. No Registrable Securities excluded from the underwriting by reason of the underwriter's marketing limitation shall be included in such registration. To facilitate the allocation of shares in accordance with the above provisions, Echelon or the underwriters may round the number of shares allocated to any Holder to the nearest 100 shares.
If any Holder of Registrable Securities disapproves of the terms of the underwriting, such person may elect to withdraw therefrom by written notice to Echelon, the managing underwriter and the Initiating Holders. The Registrable Securities and/or other securities so withdrawn shall also be withdrawn from registration, and such Registrable Securities shall not be transferred in a public distribution prior to ninety (90) days after the effective date of such registration, or such other shorter period of time as the underwriters may require.
(i) promptly give to each Holder written notice thereof (Echelon shall further provide Motorola with such notice a list of the jurisdictions in which Echelon intends to qualify under the blue sky laws of such jurisdictions); and
(ii) include in such registration (and any related qualification under blue sky laws or other compliance), and in any underwriting involved therein, all the Registrable Securities specified in a written request or requests, made within 20 days after receipt of such written notice from Echelon, by any Holder.
(a) If any Holder or Holders holding in the aggregate not less than 5% of the then outstanding Registrable Securities request that Echelon file a registration statement on Form S-3 (or any successor form to Form S-3) for a public offering of shares of the Registrable Securities the reasonably anticipated aggregate price to the public of which, net of underwriting discounts and commissions, would exceed $1,000,000, and Echelon is a registrant entitled to use Form S-3 to register the Registrable Securities for such an offering, Echelon shall use its best efforts to cause such Registrable Securities to be registered for the offering on such form and to cause such Registrable Securities to be qualified in such jurisdictions as the Holder or Holders may reasonably request; provided, however, that Echelon shall not be required to effect more than one registration pursuant to this Section 1.7 in any six (6) month period. The substantive provisions of Section 1.5(b) shall be applicable to each registration initiated under this Section 1.7.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, Echelon shall not be obligated to take any action pursuant to this Section 1.7: (i) in any particular jurisdiction in which Echelon would be required to execute a general consent to service of process in effecting such registration, qualification or compliance unless Echelon is already subject to service in such jurisdiction and except as may be required by the Securities Act; (ii) if Echelon, within ten (10) days of the receipt of the request of the initiating Holders, gives notice of its bona fide intention to effect the filing of a registration statement with the Commission within ninety (90) days of receipt of such request (other than with respect to a registration statement relating to a Rule 145 transaction, an offering solely to employees or any other registration which is not appropriate for the registration of Registrable Securities); (iii) during the period starting with the date sixty (60) days prior to Echelon's estimated date of filing of, and ending on the date six (6) months immediately following, the effective date of any registration statement pertaining to securities of Echelon (other than a registration of securities in a Rule 145 transaction or with respect to an employee benefit plan), provided that Echelon is actively employing in good faith all reasonable efforts to cause such registration statement to become effective; or (iv) if Echelon shall furnish to such Holder a certificate signed by the President of Echelon stating that in the good faith judgment of the Board of Directors it would be seriously detrimental to Echelon or its stockholders for registration statements to be filed in the near future, then Echelon's obligation to use its best efforts to file a registration statement shall be deferred for a period not to exceed 120 days from the receipt of the request to file such registration by such Holder.
(a) All Registration Expenses incurred in connection with (i) two
(2) registrations pursuant to Section 1.5, and (ii) all registrations pursuant
to Section 1.6, shall be borne by Echelon. Unless otherwise stated, all Selling
Expenses relating to securities registered on behalf of the Holders
and all other Registration Expenses shall be borne by the Holders of such securities pro rata on the basis of the number of shares so registered.
(b) All Registration Expenses and Selling Expenses incurred in connection with a registration pursuant to Section 1.7 shall be borne pro rata by the Holder or Holders requesting the registration on Form S-3 according to the number of Registrable Securities included in such registration.
(a) Prepare and file with the Commission a registration statement with respect to such securities and use its best efforts to cause such registration statement to become and remain effective for at least one hundred eighty (180) days or until the distribution described in the Registration Statement has been completed; and
(b) Furnish to the Holders participating in such registration and to the underwriters of the securities being registered such reasonable number of copies of the registration statement, preliminary prospectus, final prospectus and such other documents as such underwriters may reasonably request in order to facilitate the public offering of such securities.
(a) Echelon will indemnify each Holder, each of its officers and directors and partners, and each person controlling such Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, with respect to which registration, qualification or compliance has been effected pursuant to this Section 1, and each underwriter, if any, and each person who controls any underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, against all expenses, claims, losses, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof), including any of the foregoing incurred in settlement of any litigation, commenced or threatened, arising out of or based on any untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) of a material fact contained in any registration statement, prospectus, offering circular or other document, or any amendment or supplement thereto, incident to any such registration, qualification or compliance, or based on any omission (or alleged omission) to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances in which they were made, not misleading, or any violation by Echelon of the Securities Act or any rule or regulation promulgated under the Securities Act applicable to Echelon in connection with any such registration, qualification or compliance, and Echelon will reimburse each such Holder, each of its officers and directors, and each person controlling such Holder, each such underwriter and each person who controls any such underwriter, for any legal and any other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with investigating, preparing or defending any such claim, loss, damage, liability or action, provided that Echelon will not be liable in any such case to the extent that any such claim, loss, damage, liability or expense arises out of or is based on any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission, made in reliance upon and in
conformity with written information furnished to Echelon by an instrument duly executed by such Holder, controlling person or underwriter and stated to be specifically for use therein.
(b) Each Holder will, if Registrable Securities held by such Holder are included in the securities as to which such registration, qualification or compliance is being effected, indemnify Echelon, each of its directors and officers, each underwriter, if any, of Echelon's securities covered by such a registration statement, each person who controls Echelon or such underwriter within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, and each other such Holder, each of its officers and directors and each person controlling such Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the Securities Act, against all claims, losses, damages and liabilities (or actions in respect thereof) arising out of or based on any untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) of a material fact contained in any such registration statement, prospectus, offering circular or other document, or any omission (or alleged omission) to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, and will reimburse Echelon, such Holders, such directors, officers, persons, underwriters or control persons for any legal or any other expenses reasonably incurred in connection with investigating or defending any such claim, loss, damage, liability or action, in each case to the extent, but only to the extent, that such untrue statement (or alleged untrue statement) or omission (or alleged omission) is made in such registration statement, prospectus, offering circular or other document in reliance upon and in conformity with written information furnished to Echelon by an instrument duly executed by such Holder and stated to be specifically for use therein. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the liability of each Holder hereunder shall be limited to the proceeds received by such Holder from the sale of securities under such Registration Statement. In no event will any Holder be required to enter into any agreement or undertaking in connection with any registration under this Section 1 providing for any indemnification or contribution obligations on the part of such Holder greater than such Holder's obligations under this Section 1.11.
(c) Each party entitled to indemnification under this Section 1.11 (the "Indemnified Party") shall give notice to the party required to provide indemnification (the "Indemnifying Party") promptly after such Indemnified Party has actual knowledge of any claim as to which indemnity may be sought, and shall permit the Indemnifying Party to assume the defense of any such claim or any litigation resulting therefrom, provided that counsel for the Indemnifying Party, who shall conduct the defense of such claim or litigation, shall be approved by the Indemnified Party (whose approval shall not unreasonably be withheld), and the Indemnified Party may participate in such defense at such party's expense, and provided further that the failure of any Indemnified Party to give notice as provided herein shall not relieve the Indemnifying Party of its obligations under this Section 1 unless the failure to give such notice is materially prejudicial to an Indemnifying Party's ability to defend such action and provided further, that the Indemnifying Party shall not assume the defense for matters as to which there is a conflict of interest or separate and different defenses. No Indemnifying Party, in the defense of any such claim or litigation, shall, except with the consent of each Indemnified Party, consent to entry of any judgment or enter into any settlement which does not include as an unconditional term thereof the giving by the claimant or plaintiff to such Indemnified Party of a release from all liability in respect to such claim or litigation.
Echelon may request in writing and as shall be required in connection with any registration, qualification or compliance referred to in this Section 1.
(a) Make and keep public information available, as those terms are understood and defined in Rule 144 under the Securities Act, at all times after the effective date that Echelon becomes subject to the reporting requirements of the Securities Act or the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended;
(b) Use its best efforts to file with the Commission in a timely manner all reports and other documents required of Echelon under the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (at any time after it has become subject to such reporting requirements); and
(c) So long as an Investor owns any Restricted Securities to furnish to the Investor forthwith upon request a written statement by Echelon as to its compliance with the reporting requirements of said Rule 144 (at any time after ninety (90) days after the effective date of the first registration statement filed by Echelon for an offering of its securities to the general public), and of the Securities Act and the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (at any time after it has become subject to such reporting requirements), a copy of the most recent annual or quarterly report of Echelon, and such other reports and documents of Echelon and other information in the possession of or reasonably obtainable by Echelon as an Investor may reasonably request in availing itself of any rule or regulation of the Commission allowing an Investor to sell any such securities without registration.
SECTION 2
In consideration of the rights granted herein, the Prior Modification Agreement is hereby null and void and of no further force and effect.
SECTION 3
The foregoing agreement is hereby executed as of the date first above written.
ECHELON CORPORATION
"SERIES B, C AND/OR D PURCHASERS"
MOTOROLA, INC.
QUANTUM INDUSTRIAL PARTNERS LDC
Title:
EDVENTURE CAPITAL CORPORATION
"OSHMAN AND MARKKULA ENTITIES"
MARKKULA FAMILY LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
Title:__________________________________________
"SERIES A PURCHASERS"
ASSOCIATED VENTURE INVESTORS
ASSOCIATED VENTURE INVESTORS-PGF
ASSOCIATED VENTURE INVESTORS II
AVI PARTNERS N.V.
AVI PARTNERS II N.V.
BESSEMER VENTURE PARTNERS II L.P.
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
CHAMBERLAIN FAMILY ASSOCIATES
CPFIC, INC.
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
CROWN ASSOCIATES III, A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
CROWN-GLYNN ASSOCIATES, A LIMITED PARTNERSHIP
GLYNN EMERGING OPPORTUNITY FUND
GLYNN VENTURES III, L.P.
THE FRANCES J. HARRIS IRA
Title:__________________________________________
THE STEPHEN E. HARRIS IRA
Title:__________________________________________
STANLEY & MARION HERZSTEIN REVOCABLE TRUST
Loewenstern 1980 Trust
KLEINER PERKINS CAUFIELD & BYERS IV
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
MATRIX PARTNERS II, L.P.
MAYFIELD ASSOCIATES
MAYFIELD VI
MOHR, DAVIDOW VENTURES II
By: WHD/LGM Partners, General Partner
Title: William H. Davidow, General Partner
NEUBERGER & BERMAN TRUST
COMPANY TRUSTEE THE CROWN TRUST
THE 1976 MOLDAW FAMILY TRUST
NSH ASSOCIATES
O-S VENTURES
DAVID ROSS OSHMAN FIRST 1976 TRUST
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
PETER LAWRENCE OSHMAN SEPARATE PROPERTY TRUST
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
MARGO PERLSTEIN PARMACET TRUST
ROYBAL FAMILY TRUST: PHILIP M.
ROYBAL & JULIE A. ROYBAL, TRUSTEES
U/D 6/28/82
SAXE FAMILY PARTNERSHIP
SECOND VENTURES, L.P.
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
3COM CORPORATION
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
U.S. VENTURE PARTNERS III
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
U.S.V. ENTREPRENEUR PARTNERS
By:_____________________________________________
Title:__________________________________________
VENROCK ASSOCIATES
VENROCK ASSOCIATES II, L.P.
J.H. WHITNEY & CO.
WS INVESTMENT COMPANY 88B
Title:__________________________________________
"SERIES E PURCHASERS"
/s/ M. Kenneth Oshman ------------------------------------------- M. Kenneth Oshman and /s/ Barbara Oshman ------------------------------------------- Barbara S. Oshman, Trustees of the Oshman Trust Dated July 10, 1979 |
O-S VENTURES
By: /s/ M. Kenneth Oshman ------------------------------------- Title: Managing General Partner /s/ Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr. ------------------------------------------- Armas Clifford Markkula, Jr. and /s/ Linda K. Markkula ------------------------------------------- Linda K. Markkula, Trustees of the Restated Arlin Trust Dated 12/12/90 |
MARKKULA FAMILY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By /s/ Armas Markkula, Jr. --------------------------------------- Name: Title: /s/ Robert R. Maxfield ------------------------------------------- Robert R. Maxfield Trustee, UA DTD 12/14/87, as Amended |
/s/ Richard M. Moley ----------------------------- Richard M. Moley /s/ Arthur Rock ----------------------------- Arthur Rock |
VENROCK ASSOCIATES
By: /s/ Peter O. Crisp ------------------------- Title: General Partner ---------------------- |
VENROCK ASSOCIATES II, L.P.
By: /s/ Peter O. Crisp ------------------------- Peter O.Crisp Title: General Partner ---------------------- /s/ Gibson Anderson, Jr ----------------------------- Gibson Anderson, Jr. and /s/ Margaret Anderson ----------------------------- Margaret Anderson As Trustees of the Gibson and Margaret Anderson Trust U/A dated 7/21/82 |
/s/ G.F. Anderson ------------------------------------------- G.F. Anderson /s/ Kay M. Anderson ------------------------------------------- Kay M. Anderson /s/ Nola Hardin Anderson ------------------------------------------- Nola Hardin Anderson /s/ Overton S. Anderson ------------------------------------------- Overton S. Anderson /s/ Thomas E. Bailard ------------------------------------------- Thomas E. Bailard, As Trustee of the Kristi Kathryn Markkula Trust Dated October 28, 1980 |
/s/ Martin Bantle ------------------------------------------ Martin Bantle /s/ Jason Bernstein ------------------------------------------ Jason Bernstein, as Custodian for David Lawrence Bernstein under the California Uniform Transfers to Minors Act /s/ Ronald E. Bernstein ------------------------------------------ Ronald E. Bernstein /s/ James A. Capolongo ------------------------------------------ James A. Capolongo /s/ Gene Pearce Carter ------------------------------------------ Gene Pearce Carter and /s/ Patricia Jo-Ann Carter ------------------------------------------ Patricia Jo-Ann Carter Trustees, Carter Family Trust UTD 4/29/85 |
CHARLES SCHWAB & CO., INC. FBO
ROBERT N. HERZSTEIN SEP-IRA ACCT.
#OD4319-1837
By /s/ Joseph Aldridge --------------------- Name: JOSEPH ALDRIDGE Title: ACTING BRANCH MANAGER |
Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. does not represent that it has satisfied Section 5.1(c) on page 8 in signing this document nor does Charles Schwab & Co., Inc. represent that it has analyzed this investment's merits and risk in any way. This account is self-directed and the investment decision is solely the customer's responsibility. Schwab is acting only as custodian and upon the client's express instructions.
/s/ Howard D. Chastain, Jr. ---------------------------- Howard D. Chastain, Jr. /s/ Charlie Chung ---------------------------- Charlie Chung /s/ Glenn B. Dahl ---------------------------- Glenn B. Dahl |
EDVENTURE CAPITAL CORPORATION
/s/ Dana Foy -------------------------------------------- Dana Foy and /s/ Patricia Foy -------------------------------------------- Patricia Foy /s/ Tully M. Friedman -------------------------------------------- Tully M. Friedman, as Trustee of the Tully M. Friedman Revocable Trust U/A/D 1/3/80 /s/ Michael P. Groom -------------------------------------------- Michael P. Groom, Trustee or his Successor, Under the Michael P. Groom Revocable Living Trust dated 8/6/91 /s/ Stephen E. Harris -------------------------------------------- Stephen E. Harris and /s/ Frances J. Harris -------------------------------------------- Frances J. Harris /s/ F. Warren Hellman -------------------------------------------- F. Warren Hellman and /s/ Patricia Christina Hellman -------------------------------------------- Patricia Christina Hellman As Trustees of the Hellman Family Revocable Trust Dated 12/17/84, as the same has been and may be amended |
/s/ Hector Hernandez ------------------------------------------- Hector Hernandez /s/ Jurgen Hertel ------------------------------------------- Jurgen Hertel /s/ [SIGNATURE ILLEGIBLE] ------------------------------------------- Name: Trustee of the Stanley ad Marion Herzstein Revocable Trust /s/ George Michael Hey ---------------------------------------- George Michael Hey /s/ Kazuyo Kawakita ------------------------------------------- Kazuyo Kawaki |
/s/ Julia A. Lim ------------------------------------ Julia A. Lim |
/s/ Gregory L. Melchor ------------------------------------ Gregory L. Melchor As Trustees under Revocable Trust dtd 4/16/82, as amended, FBO Jack L. Melchor and Norma J. Melchor |
NEST EGG FAMILY LIMITED
PARTNERSHIP
By /s/ David E. Waldron ---------------------------------- Title: General Partner /s/ Edward Parmacek ------------------------------------ Edward Parmacek /s/ Margo Perlstein Parmacek ------------------------------------ Margo Perlstein Parmacek As Trustee of the Margo Perlstein Parmacek Trust |
/s/ Todd Parmacek ------------------------ Todd Parmacek /s/ Mukesh Patel ------------------------ Mukesh Patel /s/ Darlene A. Pierce ------------------------ Darlene A. Pierce /s/ Karen M. Sanchez ------------------------ Karen M. Sanchez /s/ Masami Takai ------------------------ Masami Takai |
/s/ W. Woodruff Tompkins -------------------------------------------- W. Woodruff Tompkins, as Trustee for the W. Woodruff Tompkins Trust (Restated) Dated February 22, 1988 |
TRANSCORP C/F WILLIAM E. MILLER IRA
By: /s/ David J. Effrein ----------------------------------------- Name: David J. Effrein Title: Trust Officer |
EXHIBIT 10.1
THIS INDEMNIFICATION AGREEMENT ("Agreement") is made as of this _____ day of ___________, 19__, by and between Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), and _______________ ("Indemnitee").
WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee recognize the increasing difficulty in obtaining directors' and officers' liability insurance, the significant increases in the cost of such insurance and the general reductions in the coverage of such insurance;
WHEREAS, the Company and Indemnitee further recognize the substantial increase in corporate litigation in general, subjecting officers and directors to expensive litigation risks at the same time as the availability and coverage of liability insurance has been severely limited;
WHEREAS, Indemnitee does not regard the current protection available as adequate given the present circumstances, and Indemnitee and other officers and directors of the Company may not be willing to serve as officers and directors without additional protection; and
WHEREAS, the Company desires to attract and retain the services of highly qualified individuals, such as Indemnitee, to serve as officers and directors of the Company and to indemnify its officers and directors so as to provide them with the maximum protection permitted by law.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration for the Indemnitee's agreement to continue to serve the corporation, the Company and Indemnitee hereby agree as follows:
best interests of the Company, or (ii) with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, Indemnitee had reasonable cause to believe that Indemnitee's conduct was unlawful.
the Company shall designate in writing to Indemnitee. Notice shall be deemed received on the third business day after the date postmarked if sent by domestic certified or registered mail, properly addressed; otherwise notice shall be deemed received when such notice shall actually be received by the Company. In addition, Indemnitee shall give the Company such information and cooperation as it may reasonably require and as shall be within Indemnitee's power.
employ his or her counsel in any such proceeding at Indemnitee's expense; and
(ii) if (A) the employment of counsel by Indemnitee has been previously
authorized by the Company, (B) Indemnitee shall have reasonably concluded that
there may be a conflict of interest between the Company and Indemnitee in the
conduct of any such defense, or (C) the Company shall not, in fact, have
employed counsel to assume the defense of such proceeding, then the reason able
fees and expenses of Indemnitee's counsel shall be at the expense of the
Company.
and amounts paid in settlement) which have been paid directly to Indemnitee by an insurance carrier under a policy of directors' and officers' liability insurance maintained by the Company or any parent or subsidiary of the Company; or
(a) For purposes of this Agreement, references to the "Company" shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, and employees or agents, so that if Indemnitee is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, Indemnitee shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Agreement with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as Indemnitee would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
(b) For purposes of this Agreement, references to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans; references to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on Indemnitee with respect to an employee benefit plan; and references to "serving at the request of the Company"
shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Company which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or beneficiaries; and if Indemnitee acted in good faith and in a manner Indemnitee reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan, Indemnitee shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Company" as referred to in this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the date first above written.
ECHELON CORPORATION
By:____________________________
Its:___________________________
Address: 4015 Miranda Avenue
Palo Alto, CA 94304
AGREED TO AND ACCEPTED:
INDEMNITEE:
Address: ________________________
EXHIBIT 10.3
ECHELON CORPORATION
1988 STOCK OPTION PLAN
(as amended through February 1, 1995)
Options granted hereunder may be either Incentive Stock Options or Nonstatutory Stock Options, at the discretion of the Board and as reflected in the terms of the written option agreement. The Board also has the discretion to grant Stock Purchase Rights.
If an Option or Stock Purchase Right should expire or become unexercisable for any reason without having been exercised in full, then the unpurchased Shares which were subject thereto shall, unless the Plan shall have been terminated, become available for future grant or sale under the Plan.
(i) Subject to subparagraph (ii), the Board of Directors may appoint a Committee consisting of not less than two members of the Board of Directors to administer the Plan on behalf of the Board of Directors, subject to such terms and conditions as the Board of Directors may prescribe. Once appointed, the Commit tee shall continue to serve until otherwise directed by the Board of Directors. Members of the Board who are either eligible for Options and/or Stock Purchase Rights or have been granted Options and/or Stock Purchase Rights may vote on any matters affecting the administration of the Plan or the grant of any Options and/or Stock Purchase Rights pursuant to the Plan, except that no such member shall act upon the granting of an Option and/or Stock Purchase Right to such member, but any such member may be counted in determining the existence of a quorum at any meeting of the Board during which action is taken with respect to the granting of Options and/or Stock Purchase Rights to the member.
(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing subparagraph (i), if and in
any event the Company registers any class of any equity security pursuant to
Section 12 of the Exchange Act, from the effective date of such registration
until six months after the termination of such registration, any grants of
Options and/or Stock Purchase Rights to officers or directors shall only be made
by the Board of Directors; provided, however, that if a majority of the Board of
Directors is eligible to participate in this Plan or any other stock option or
other stock plan of the Company or any of its affiliates, or has been eligible
at any time during the prior one-year period (or, if shorter, the period
following the initial registration of the Company's equity securities under
Section 12 of the Exchange Act) any grants of Options and/or Stock Purchase
Rights to directors must be made by, or only in accordance with the
recommendation of, a Committee consisting of three or more persons, who may but
need not be directors or employees of the Company, appointed by the Board of
Directors and having full authority to act in the matter, none of whom is
eligible to participate in this Plan or any other stock option or other stock
plan of the Company or any of its affiliates, or has been eligible at any time
during the prior one-year period (or, if shorter, the period following the
initial registration of the Company's equity securities under Section 12 of the
Exchange Act). Any Committee administering the Plan with respect to grants to
officers who are not also directors shall conform to the requirements of the
preceding sentence. Once appointed, the Committee shall continue to serve until
otherwise directed by the Board of Directors.
(iii) Subject to the foregoing subparagraphs (i) and (ii), from time to time the Board of Directors may increase the size of the Committee and appoint additional members thereof, remove members (with or without cause) and appoint new members in substitution therefor, fill vacancies however caused, or remove all members of the Committee and thereafter directly administer the Plan.
(a) Options and Stock Purchase Rights may be granted to Employees and Consultants provided that Incentive Stock Options may only be granted to Employees. An Employee or Consultant who has been granted an Option or Stock Purchase Right may, if such Employee or Consultant is otherwise eligible, be granted additional Option(s) or Stock Purchase Right(s).
(b) Each Option shall be designated in the written option agreement as either an Incentive Stock Option or a Nonstatutory Stock Option. However, notwithstanding such designations, to the extent that the aggregate fair market value of the Shares with respect to which Options designated as Incentive Stock Options are exercisable for the first time by any Optionee during any calendar year (under all plans of the Company) exceeds $100,000, such Options shall be treated as Nonstatutory Stock Options.
(c) For purposes of Section 5(b), Options shall be taken into account in the order in which they were granted, and the fair market value of the Shares shall be determined as of the time the Option with respect to such Shares is granted.
(d) The Plan shall not confer upon any Optionee or holder of a Stock Purchase Right any right with respect to continuation of employment by or the rendition of services to the
Company, nor shall it interfere in any way with his or her right or the Company's right to terminate his or her employment or services at any time, with or without cause.
(a) The per Share exercise price for the Shares to be issued pursuant to exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Right shall be such price as is determined by the Board, but shall be subject to the following:
(i) In the case of an Incentive Stock Option
(A) granted to an Employee who, at the time of the grant of such Incentive Stock Option, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the fair market value per Share on the date of grant.
(B) granted to any Employee, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 100% of the fair market value per Share on the date of grant.
(ii) In the case of a Nonstatutory Stock Option
(A) granted to a person who, at the time of the grant of such Option, owns stock representing more than ten percent (10%) of the voting power of all classes of stock of the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 110% of the fair market value per Share on the date of the grant.
(B) granted to any person, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 85% of the fair market value per Share on the date of grant.
(iii) In the case of a Stock Purchase Right granted to any person, the per Share exercise price shall be no less than 85% of the fair market value per Share on the date of grant.
For purposes of this Section 7(a), in the event that an Option or Stock Purchase Right is amended to reduce the exercise price, the date of grant of such Option or Stock Purchase Right shall thereafter be considered to be the date of such amendment.
(b) The fair market value shall be determined by the Board in its discretion; provided, however, that where there is a public market for the Common Stock, the fair market value
per Share shall be the mean of the bid and asked prices (or the closing price per share if the Common Stock is listed on the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation ("NASDAQ") National Market System of the Common Stock for the date of grant, as reported in the Wall Street Journal (or, if not so reported, as otherwise reported by the NASDAQ System) or, in the event the Common Stock is listed on a stock exchange, the fair market value per Share shall be the closing price on such exchange on the date of grant of the Option or Stock Purchase Right, as reported in the Wall Street Journal.
(c) The consideration to be paid for the Shares to be issued upon
exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Right, including the method of payment,
shall be determined by the Board (and, in the case of an Incentive Stock Option,
shall be determined at the time of grant), and may consist entirely of (i) cash,
(ii) check, (iii) promissory note, (iv) other Shares of Common Stock which (x)
either have been owned by the Optionee for more than six (6) months on the date
of surrender or were not acquired directly or indirectly, from the Company, and
(y) have a fair market value on the date of surrender equal to the aggregate
exercise price of the Shares as to which said Option shall be exercised, (v)
authorization from the Company to retain from the total number of Shares as to
which the Option is exercised that number of Shares having a fair market value
on the date of exercise equal to the exercise price for the total number of
Shares as to which the Option is exercised; (vi) delivery of a properly executed
exercise notice together with irrevocable instructions to a broker to promptly
deliver to the Company the amount of sale or loan proceeds required to pay the
exercise price; (vii) any combination of such methods of payment; or (viii) such
other consideration and method of payment for the issuance of Shares to the
extent permitted under applicable laws. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Incentive
Stock Options outstanding as of April 17, 1989 may only be exercised by cash or
with Shares of Common Stock (as described in (iv) above).
An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share.
An Option shall be deemed to be exercised when written notice of
such exercise has been given to the Company in accordance with the terms of the
Option by the person entitled to exercise the Option and full payment for the
Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised has been received by the
Company. Full payment may, as authorized by the Board, consist of any
consideration and method of payment allowable under Section 7 of the Plan. Until
the issuance (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company
or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company) of the stock certificate
evidencing such Shares, no right to vote or receive dividends or any other
rights as a shareholder shall exist with respect to the Optioned Stock,
notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. The Company shall issue (or cause to
be issued) such stock certificate promptly upon exercise of the Option. In the
event that the exercise of an Option is treated in part as the exercise of an
Incentive Stock Option and in part as the exercise of a Nonstatutory Stock
Option pursuant to Section 5(b), the Company shall issue a separate stock
certificate evidencing the Shares treated as acquired upon exercise of an
Incentive Stock Option and a separate stock certificate evidencing the Shares
treated as acquired upon exercise of a Nonstatutory Stock Option and shall
identify each such certificate accordingly in its stock transfer records. No
adjustment will be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date
is prior to the date the stock certificate is issued, except as provided in
Section 11 of the Plan.
Exercise of an Option in any manner shall result in a decrease in the number of Shares which thereafter may be available, both for purposes of the Plan and for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.
such Employee or Consultant does not exercise such Option (which such Employee or Consultant was entitled to exercise) within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
outstanding Option and Stock Purchase Right, and the number of shares of Common Stock which have been authorized for issuance under the Plan but as to which no Options or Stock Purchase Rights have yet been granted or which have been returned to the Plan upon cancellation or expiration of an Option or Stock Purchase Right, or repurchase of Shares from a Purchaser upon termination of his or her employment or consulting relationship, as well as the price per share of Common Stock covered by each such outstanding Option or Stock Purchase Right, shall be proportionately adjusted for any increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock resulting from a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, combination or reclassification of the Common Stock of the Company or the payment of a stock dividend with respect to the Common Stock or any other increase or decrease in the number of issued shares of Common Stock effected without receipt of consideration by the Company; provided, however, that conversion of any convertible securities of the Company shall not be deemed to have been "effected without receipt of consideration." Such adjustment shall be made by the Board, whose determination in that respect shall be final, binding and conclusive. Except as expressly provided herein, no issuance by the Company of shares of stock of any class, or securities convertible into shares of stock of any class, shall affect, and no adjustment by reason thereof shall be made with respect to, the number or price of shares of Common Stock subject to an Option or Stock Purchase Right.
In the event of the proposed dissolution or liquidation of the Company, the Board shall notify the Optionee at least fifteen (15) days prior to such proposed action. To the extent it has not been previously exercised, the Option will terminate immediately prior to the consummation of such proposed action. In the event of a merger of the Company with or into another corporation, the Option shall be assumed or an equivalent option shall be substituted by such successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation. With respect to any Option granted prior to the issuance of the amending order by the California Department of Corporations (the "Department") increasing the number of shares qualified for issuance under the Plan to 5,800,000, in the event that such successor corporation does not agree to assume such Option or to substitute an equivalent option, the Board shall, in lieu of such assumption or substitution, provide for the Optionee to have the right to exercise such Option as to all of the Optioned Stock, including Shares as to which such Option would not otherwise be exercisable. If the Board makes an Option fully exercisable in lieu of assumption or substitution in the event of a merger, the Board shall notify the Optionee that the Option shall be fully exercisable for a period of fifteen (15) days from the date of such notice, and the Option will terminate upon the expiration of such period. With respect to any Option granted after the issuance of the amending order by the Department increasing the number of shares qualified for issuance under the Plan to 5,800,000, in the event that such successor corporation does not agree to assume such Option or to substitute an equivalent option, the Option shall terminate as of the date of the closing of the merger. For the purposes of this paragraph, the Option shall be deemed to be assumed if, following the merger, the option confers the right to purchase, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option immediately prior to the merger, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the merger by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if such holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares); provided, however, that if such consideration received in the merger was not solely common
stock of the successor corporation or its Parent, the Board of Directors may, with the consent of the successor corporation and the Optionee, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of the Option, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the merger.
As a condition to the exercise of an Option or Stock Purchase Rights, the Company may require the person exercising such Option or Stock Purchase Rights to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned relevant provisions of law.
The inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company's counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained.
ECHELON CORPORATION
INCENTIVE STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), has granted to ________ (the "Optionee"), an option (the "Option") to purchase a total of ________ shares of Common Stock (the "Shares"), at the price determined as provided herein, and in all respects subject to the terms, definitions and provisions of the 1988 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") adopted by the Company, which is incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Plan shall have the same defined meanings herein.
(a) Subject to subsections 3(i)(b), (c), (d) and (e) below, this Option shall vest cumulatively, as follows:
On or After Number of Shares --------------------- --------------------- ___________ ________Shares ___________ an additional ________Shares ___________ an additional ________Shares ___________ an additional ________Shares |
This Option may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as to Shares which have not yet vested under the above vesting schedule; provided, however, that the Optionee shall execute as a condition to such exercise of this Option, the Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A.
(b) This Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a share.
(c) In the event of Optionee's death, disability or other termination of employment, the exercisability of the Option is governed by Sections 7 and 8, and 9 subject to the limitations contained in subsections 3(i)(d) and (e).
(d) In no event may this Option be exercised after the date of expiration of the term of this Option as set forth in Section 11 below.
(e) In no event may this Option become exercisable at a time or times which, when this Option is aggregated with all other incentive stock options granted to Optionee by the Company or any Parent or Subsidiary, would result in Shares having an aggregate fair market value (determined for each Share as of the date of grant of the option covering such share) in excess of $100,000 becoming first available for purchase upon exercise of one or more incentive stock options during any calendar year.
No Shares will be issued pursuant to the exercise of an Option unless such issuance and such exercise shall comply with all relevant provisions of law and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed. Assuming such compliance, for income tax purposes the Shares shall be considered transferred to the Optionee on the date on which the Option is exercised with respect to such Shares.
(i) cash;
(ii) check; or
(iii) surrender of other shares of Common Stock of the Company which (A) either have been owned by the Optionee for more than six (6) months on the date of surrender or were not acquired, directly or indirectly, from the Company and (B) have a fair market value on the date of surrender equal to the exercise price of the Shares as to which the Option is being exercised.
DATE OF GRANT: _________
ECHELON CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By: _________________________
Title: Vice President of Finance
OPTIONEE ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE VESTING OF SHARES PURSUANT TO
SECTION 3 HEREOF IS EARNED ONLY BY CONTINUING EMPLOYMENT AT THE WILL OF THE
COMPANY (NOT THROUGH THE ACT OF BEING HIRED, BEING GRANTED THIS OPTION OR
ACQUIRING SHARES HEREUNDER). OPTIONEE FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT
NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT, NOR IN THE COMPANY'S STOCK OPTION PLAN WHICH IS
INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, SHALL CONFER UPON OPTIONEE ANY RIGHT WITH
RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT BY THE COMPANY, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE
IN ANY WAY WITH HIS RIGHT OR THE COMPANY'S RIGHT TO TERMINATE HIS EMPLOYMENT AT
ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE.
Optionee acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan and certain information related thereto and represents that he is familiar with the terms and provisions thereof, and hereby accepts this Option subject to all of the terms and provisions thereof. Optionee has reviewed the Plan and this Option in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Option and fully understands all provisions of the Option. Optionee hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Board upon any questions arising under the Plan. Optionee further agrees to notify the Company upon any change in the residence address indicated below.
Residence Address:
ECHELON CORPORATION
RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made between _______________ (the "Purchaser") and Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), as of __________19__.
(1) Pursuant to the exercise of a stock option granted to the Purchaser under the Company's 1988 Stock Option Plan, and pursuant to the Incentive Stock Option Agreement (the "Option Agreement") dated _____________, 19__ by and between the Company and the Purchaser, the Purchaser has elected to purchase ________ of those shares which have become vested under the vesting schedule set forth in Section 3(i) of the Option Agreement ("Vested Shares") and _________ shares which have not yet vested under such schedule ("Unvested Shares"). (The Vested Shares and the Unvested Shares are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the "Shares").
(2) As required by the Option Agreement in the event of the Purchaser's election to exercise the option as to Unvested Shares, this Agreement gives the Company the right to repurchase at cost certain of the Unvested Shares in the event of a termination of the Purchaser's employment with the Company prior to the date upon which they would have vested under the Option Agreement.
(a) Upon the occurrence of a Termination, the Company may exercise the Company Option by delivering personally or by first class mail, to Purchaser (or his or her transferee or legal representative, as the case may be), within 60 days of the Termination, a notice in writing indicating the Company's intention to exercise the Company Option and setting forth a date for closing (the "Closing") not later than thirty (30) days from the mailing of such notice. The Closing shall take place at the Company's principal executive offices. At the Closing, the holder of the certificates for the Unvested Shares being transferred shall deliver the stock certificate or certificates evidencing the Unvested Shares, and the Company shall deliver the purchase price therefor.
(b) Whenever the Company shall have the right to purchase the Unvested Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company may, upon written notice to the Purchaser, assign to one or more persons the right to exercise all or part of the Company's purchase rights. Each such assignee shall have the right to exercise such right in its own name and for its own account. If the Company Option is assigned by the Company and the fair market value of the shares, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company, exceeds the repurchase price, and such assignee exercises the Company Option, then the assignee shall pay to the Company the difference between the fair market value of the shares repurchased and the aggregate repurchase price.
(c) If the Company does not elect to exercise the Company Option conferred above by giving the requisite notice within sixty (60) days following the Termination, the Company Option shall terminate.
(a) The Company Option provided for in Section 1 of this Agreement shall terminate upon the first date on which there are no longer any Unvested Shares which are the subject of the Company Option;
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the sixty (60) day period in which the Company may exercise the Company Option will not be affected or shortened by a termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section.
(a) Purchaser hereby authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company, to transfer the Unvested Shares as to which the Company Option to purchase has been exercised from Purchaser to the Company. Purchaser further authorizes the Company to refuse, or to cause its transfer agent to refuse, to transfer any stock attempted to be transferred in violation of this Agreement.
(b) Except as required to effectuate the exercise of the Company Option, none of the Unvested Shares which are subject to the Company Option under Section 1 may be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by Purchaser. The certificate or certificates evidencing any of the shares purchased hereunder shall be endorsed with a legend substantially as follows (together with any other legend(s) restricting the transfer of the Unvested Shares necessary or appropriate under applicable federal or state securities laws):
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF AN OPTION AGREEMENT AND A RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT PURSUANT TO WHICH SUCH SHARES WERE PURCHASED, COPIES OF WHICH ARE ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION."
(c) To ensure the availability for delivery of the Purchaser's Unvested Shares upon repurchase by the Company pursuant to the Company Option under Section 1, the Purchaser shall, upon execution of this Agreement, deliver and deposit with the Secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company, the share certificates representing the Unvested Shares, together with the stock power, duly endorsed in blank, attached hereto as Exhibit A-1. The Unvested Shares and stock power shall be held by the Secretary in escrow, until such time as the Company's rights of repurchase pursuant to the Company Option no longer are in effect. As a further condition to the Company's obligations under this Agreement, the spouse of Purchaser, if any, shall execute and deliver to the Company the Consent of Spouse attached hereto as Exhibit A-2.
(d) The Company, or its designee, shall not be liable for any act it may do or omit to do with respect to holding the Unvested Shares in escrow and while acting in good faith and in the exercise of its judgment.
(e) Transfer or sale of said Unvested Shares is subject to restrictions on transfer imposed by any applicable state and federal securities laws. Any transferee shall hold such Unvested Shares subject to all the provisions hereof and shall acknowledge the same by signing a copy of this Agreement.
ment Date is the date the Company's right to repurchase Unvested shares at cost in the event of termination of employment lapse as to such shares.
Purchaser represents that he or she has read this Agreement and is familiar with its terms and provisions. Purchaser hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Board upon any questions arising under this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is deemed made as of the date first set forth above.
ECHELON CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By:_________________________________
Title:______________________________
PURCHASER
ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE
FOR VALUE RECEIVED I, hereby sell, assign and transfer unto __________________ _____________________________ (__________) shares of the Common Stock of Echelon Corporation standing in my name of the books of said corporation represented by Certificate No. _________ herewith and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _______________________________ to transfer said stock on the books of the within-named corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated: _____________, 19___.
Signature:
This Assignment Separate from Certificate was executed in conjunction with the terms of a Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement between the above assignor and ___________________________________ dated _________________, 19__.
CONSENT OF SPOUSE
I, ___________________, spouse of ________________________, have read and approved the foregoing Agreement. In consideration of granting of the right to my spouse to purchase shares of Echelon Corporation as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my spouse as my attorney-in-fact in respect to the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights under such Agreement or in any shares issued pursuant thereto under the community property laws of the State of California or similar laws relating to marital property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the signing of the foregoing Agreement.
Dated:_______, 19____
The undersigned taxpayer has acquired property pursuant to the exercise of a stock option intended to qualify as an "incentive stock option" within the meaning of Section 422 of the Code. The undersigned taxpayer hereby elects, pursuant to the above-referenced Federal Tax Code, to include in the computation of his or her alternative minimum taxable income for the current taxable year the amount of any income includable pursuant to Section 56(b)(3) of the Code in connection with his or her receipt of the property below:
1. The name, address, taxpayer identification number and taxable year of the undersigned are as follows:
Name : Taxpayer: Spouse : Address : Identification No. : Taxpayer: |
Spouse :
Taxable Year :
2. The property with respect to which the election is made is described as follows:
___________ shares (the "Shares") of Common Stock of Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company").
3. The date on which the property was transferred is: _______________, 19___.
4. The property is subject to the following restrictions: Periodic lapsing repurchase option at cost in favor of the Company upon termination of taxpayer's employment.
5. The fair market value at the time of transfer, determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which by its terms will never lapse, of such property is:
6. The amount (if any) paid for such property:
The undersigned has submitted a copy of this statement to the person for whom the services were performed in connection with the undersigned's receipt of the above-described property. The transferee of such property is the person performing the services in connection with the transfer of said property.
The undersigned understands that the foregoing election may not be revoked except with the consent of the Commissioner.
Dated: _________________, 19__ _______________________________ Taxpayer
The undersigned spouse of taxpayer joins in this election.
Dated: _________________, 19__ _______________________________ Spouse
INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION STATEMENT
PURCHASER :
SELLER : ECHELON CORPORATION COMPANY : ECHELON CORPORATION SECURITY : COMMON STOCK AMOUNT : |
DATE :
In connection with the purchase of the above-listed Securities, I, the Purchaser, represent to the Seller and to the Company the following:
(a) I am aware of the Company's business affairs and financial condition, and have acquired sufficient information about the Company to reach an informed and knowledgeable decision to acquire the Securities. I am purchasing these Securities for my own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to, or for the resale in connection with, any "distribution" thereof for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act")
(b) I understand that the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act in reliance upon a specific exemption therefrom, which exemption depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of my investment intent as expressed herein. In this connection, I understand that, in the view of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the statutory basis for such exemption may be unavailable if my representation was predicated solely upon a present intention to hold these Securities for the minimum capital gains period specified under tax statutes, for a deferred sale, for or until an increase or decrease in the market price of the Securities, or for a period of one year or any other fixed period in the future.
(c) I further understand that the Securities must be held indefinitely unless subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available. Moreover, I understand that the Company is under no obligation to register the Securities. In addition, I understand that the certificate evidencing the Securities will be imprinted with a legend which prohibits the transfer of the Securities unless they are registered or such registration is not required in the opinion of counsel for the Company.
(d) I am familiar with the provisions of Rule 701 and Rule 144, each promulgated under the Securities Act, which, in substance, permit limited public resale of "restricted securities" acquired, directly or indirectly, from the issuer thereof, in a non-public offering subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. Rule 701 provides that if the issuer qualifies under Rule 701 at the time of the grant of the option pursuant to which the Securities are issued, such issuance will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act. In the event the Company later becomes subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, ninety (90) days thereafter the securities exempt under Rule 701 may be resold, subject to the satisfaction of certain of the conditions specified by Rule 144, including among other things: (1) the sale being made through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in transactions directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934); and, in the case of an affiliate, (2) the availability of certain public information about the Company, and the amount of securities being sold during any three month period not exceeding the limitations specified in Rule 144(e), if applicable. Notwithstanding this paragraph (d), I acknowledge and agree to the restrictions set forth in paragraph (e) hereof.
In the event that the Company does not qualify under Rule 701 at the time of the grant of the option pursuant to which the Securities are issued, then the Securities may be resold in certain limited circumstances subject to the provisions of Rule 144, which requires among other things: (1) the resale occurring not less than two years after the later of the date the securities were sold by the Company or the date they were sold by an affiliate of the Company, within the meaning of Rule 144; and, in the case of an affiliate, or of a non-affiliate who has held the securities less than three years, (2) the availability of certain public information about the Company, (3) the sale being made through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in transactions directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), and (4) the amount of securities being sold during any three month period not exceeding the specified limitations stated therein, if applicable.
(f) I further understand that in the event all of the applicable requirements of Rule 144 or Rule 701 are not satisfied, registration under the Securities Act, compliance with Regulation A, or some other registration exemption will be required; and that, notwithstanding the fact that Rule 144 and Rule 701 are not exclusive, the Staff of the SEC has expressed its opinion that persons proposing to sell private placement securities other than in a registered offering and otherwise than pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 701 will have a substantial burden of proof in establishing that an
exemption from registration is available for such offers or sales, and that such persons and their respective brokers who participate in such transactions do so at their own risk.
(g) I understand that the certificate evidencing the Securities will be imprinted with a legend which prohibits the transfer of the Securities without the consent of the Commissioner of Corporations of California. I have read the applicable Commissioner's Rules with respect to such restriction, a copy of which is attached.
Signature of Purchaser:
Date: ____________________, 19___
(b) It is unlawful for the holder of any such security to consummate a
sale or transfer of such security, or any interest therein, without the prior
written consent of the Commissioner (until this condition is removed pursuant to
Section 260.141.12 of these rules), except:
(1) to the issuer;
(2) pursuant to the order or process of any court;
(3) to any person described in Subdivision (i) of Section 25102 of the Code or Section 260.105.14 of these rules;
(4) to the transferor's ancestors, descendants or spouse, or any custodian or trustee for the account of the transferor or the transferor's ancestors, descendants, or spouse; or to a transferee by a trustee or custodian for the account of the transferee or the transferee's ancestors, descendants or spouse;
(5) to holders of securities of the same class of the same issuer;
(6) by way of gift or donation inter vivos or on death;
(7) by or through a broker-dealer licensed under the Code (either acting as such or as a finder) to a resident of a foreign state, territory or country who is neither domiciled in this state to the knowledge of the broker-dealer, nor actually present in this state if the sale of such securities is not in violation of any securities law of the foreign state, territory or country concerned;
(8) to a broker-dealer licensed under the Code in a principal transaction, or as an underwriter or member of an underwriting syndicate or selling group;
(9) if the interest sold or transferred is a pledge or other lien given by the purchaser to the seller upon a sale of the security for which the Commissioner's written consent is obtained or under this rule not required;
(10) by way of a sale qualified under Sections 25111, 25112, 25113 or 25121 of the Code, of the securities to be transferred, provided that no order under Section 25140 or Subdivision (a) of Section 25143 is in effect with respect to such qualification;
(11) by a corporation to a wholly owned subsidiary of such corporation, or by a wholly owned subsidiary of a corporation to such corporation;
(12) by way of an exchange qualified under Section 25111, 25112 or 25113 of the Code, provided that no order under Section 25140 or Subdivision (a) of Section 25143 is in effect with respect to such qualification;
(13) between residents of foreign states, territories or countries who are neither domiciled nor actually present in this state;
(14) to the State Controller pursuant to the Unclaimed Property Law or to the administrator of the unclaimed property law of another state;
(15) by the State Controller pursuant to the Unclaimed Property Law or by the administrator of the unclaimed property law of another state if, in either such case, such person (i) discloses to potential purchasers at the sale that transfer of the securities is restricted under this rule, (ii) delivers to each purchaser a copy of this rule, and (iii) advises the Commissioner of the name of each purchaser;
(16) by a trustee to a successor trustee when such transfer does not involve a change in the beneficial ownership of the securities; or
(17) by way of an offer and sale of outstanding securities in an
issuer transaction that is subject to the qualification requirement of
Section 25110 of the Code but exempt from that qualification requirement by
subdivision (f) of Section 25102;
provided that any such transfer is on the condition that any certificate evidencing the security issued to such transferee shall contain the legend required by this section.
(c) The certificates representing all such securities subject to such a restriction on transfer, whether upon initial issuance or upon any transfer thereof, shall bear on their face a legend, prominently stamped or printed thereon in capital letters of not less than 10-point size, reading as follows:
"IT IS UNLAWFUL TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OR TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY, OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, OR TO RECEIVE ANY CONSIDERATION THEREFOR, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE COMMISSIONER OR CORPORATIONS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, EXCEPT AS PERMITTED IN THE COMMISSIONER'S RULES."
ECHELON CORPORATION
NONSTATUTORY STOCK OPTION AGREEMENT
Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), has granted to ________ (the "Optionee"), an option (the "Option") to purchase a total of __________ shares of Common Stock (the "Shares"), at the price determined as provided herein, and in all respects subject to the terms, definitions and provisions of the 1988 Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") adopted by the Company, which is incorporated herein by reference. Unless otherwise defined herein, the terms defined in the Plan shall have the same defined meanings .
(a) Subject to subsections 3(i)(b), (c) and (d) below, this Option shall vest cumulatively, as follows:
On or After Number of Shares ------------- ---------------- ________ ________ Shares ________ an additional ________ Shares ________ an additional ________ Shares ________ an additional ________ Shares |
This Option may be exercised in whole or in part at any time, as to Shares which have not yet vested under the above vesting schedule; provided, however, that the Optionee shall execute as a condition to such exercise of this Option, the Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement attached hereto as Exhibit A.
(b) This Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a share.
(c) In the event of Optionee's death, disability or other termination of employment or consulting relationship, the exercisability of the Option is governed by Sections 7, 8 and 9 below.
(d) In no event may this Option be exercised after the date of expiration of the term of this Option as set forth in Section 11 below.
by payment of the exercise price. This Option shall be deemed exercised upon receipt by the Company of such written notice accompanied by the exercise price.
No Shares will be issued pursuant to the exercise of an Option unless such issuance and such exercise shall comply with all relevant provisions of law and the requirements of any stock exchange upon which the Shares may then be listed. Assuming such compliance, for income tax purposes the Shares shall be considered transferred to the Optionee on the date on which the Option is exercised with respect to such Shares.
(i) cash;
(ii) check; or
(iii) surrender of other shares of Common Stock of the Company which (A) either have been owned by the Optionee for more than six (6) months on the date of surrender or were not acquired, directly or indirectly, from the Company and (B) have a fair market value on the date of surrender equal to the exercise price of the Shares as to which the Option is being exercised.
exercise the Option at the date of termination, or if he does not exercise such Option (which he was entitled to exercise) within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
DATE OF GRANT: _______________
ECHELON CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By:________________________________
Title: Vice President of Finance
OPTIONEE ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT THE VESTING OF SHARES PURSUANT TO
SECTION 3 HEREOF IS EARNED ONLY BY CONTINUING SERVICE AS AN EMPLOYEE OR
CONSULTANT AS THE CASE MAY BE, AT THE WILL OF THE COMPANY (NOT THROUGH THE ACT
OF BEING HIRED, BEING GRANTED THIS OPTION OR ACQUIRING SHARES HEREUNDER).
OPTIONEE FURTHER ACKNOWLEDGES AND AGREES THAT NOTHING IN THIS AGREEMENT, NOR IN
THE COMPANY'S STOCK OPTION PLAN WHICH IS INCORPORATED HEREIN BY REFERENCE, SHALL
CONFER UPON OPTIONEE ANY RIGHT WITH RESPECT TO CONTINUATION OF EMPLOYMENT OR
CONSULTANCY SERVICES WITH THE COMPANY, NOR SHALL IT INTERFERE IN ANY WAY WITH
HIS RIGHT OR THE COMPANY'S RIGHT TO TERMINATE HIS EMPLOYMENT OR CONSULTANCY AT
ANY TIME, WITH OR WITHOUT CAUSE.
Optionee acknowledges receipt of a copy of the Plan and certain information related thereto and represents that he is familiar with the terms and provisions thereof, and hereby accepts this Option subject to all of the terms and provisions thereof. Optionee has reviewed the Plan and this Option in their entirety, has had an opportunity to obtain the advice of counsel prior to executing this Option and fully understands all provisions of the Option. Optionee hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Board upon any questions arising under the Plan. Optionee further agrees to notify the Company upon any change in the residence address indicated below.
Dated: _________________
Residence Address:
ECHELON CORPORATION
RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT is made between ____________________ (the "Purchaser") and Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company"), as of _______________, 19__.
(1) Pursuant to the exercise of a stock option granted to the Purchaser under the Company's 1988 Stock Option Plan, and pursuant to the Nonstatutory Stock Option Agreement (the "Option Agreement") dated ________, 19__ by and between the Company and the Purchaser, the Purchaser has elected to purchase _______ of those shares which have become vested under the vesting schedule set forth in Section 3(i) of the Option Agreement ("Vested Shares") and _______ shares which have not yet vested under such schedule ("Unvested Shares"). (The Vested Shares and the Unvested Shares are sometimes collectively referred to herein as the "Shares").
(2) As required by the Option Agreement in the event of the Purchaser's election to exercise the option as to Unvested Shares, this Agreement gives the Company the right to repurchase at cost the Unvested Shares in the event of a termination of the Purchaser's employment with the Company prior to the date upon which they would have vested under the Option Agreement.
(a) Upon the occurrence of a Termination, the Company may exercise the Company Option by delivering personally or by first class mail, to Purchaser (or his or her transferee or legal representative, as the case may be), within 60 days of the Termination, a notice in writing indicating the Company's intention to exercise the Company Option and setting forth a date for closing (the "Closing") not later than thirty (30) days from the mailing of such notice. The Closing shall take place at the Company's principal executive offices. At the Closing, the holder of the certificates for the Unvested Shares being transferred shall deliver the stock certificate or certificates evidencing the Unvested Shares, and the Company shall deliver the purchase price therefor.
(b) Whenever the Company shall have the right to purchase the Unvested Shares pursuant to this Agreement, the Company may, upon written notice to the Purchaser, assign to one or more persons the right to exercise all or part of the Company's purchase rights. Each such assignee shall have the right to exercise such right in its own name and for its own account. If the Company Option is assigned by the Company and the fair market value of the shares, as determined by the Board of Directors of the Company, exceeds the repurchase price, and such assignee exercises the Company Option, then the assignee shall pay to the Company the difference between the fair market value of the shares repurchased and the aggregate repurchase price.
(c) If the Company does not elect to exercise the Company Option conferred above by giving the requisite notice within sixty (60) days following the Termination, the Company Option shall terminate.
(a) The Company Option provided for in Section 1 of this Agreement shall terminate upon the first date on which there are no longer any Unvested Shares which are the subject of the Company Option;
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, the sixty (60) day period in which the Company may exercise the Company Option will not be affected or shortened by a termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section.
(a) Purchaser hereby authorizes and directs the Secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company, to transfer the Unvested Shares as to which the Company Option to purchase has been exercised from Purchaser to the Company. Purchaser further authorizes the Company to refuse, or to cause its transfer agent to refuse, to transfer any stock attempted to be transferred in violation of this Agreement.
(b) Except as required to effectuate the exercise of the Company Option, none of the Unvested Shares which are subject to the Company Option under Section 1 may be sold, transferred, pledged, hypothecated or otherwise disposed of by Purchaser. The certificate or certificates evidencing any of the shares purchased hereunder shall be endorsed with a legend substantially as follows (together with any other legend(s) restricting the transfer of the Unvested Shares necessary or appropriate under applicable federal or state securities laws):
"THE SHARES REPRESENTED BY THIS CERTIFICATE MAY BE TRANSFERRED ONLY IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE TERMS OF AN OPTION AGREEMENT AND A RESTRICTED STOCK PURCHASE AGREEMENT PURSUANT TO WHICH SUCH SHARES WERE PURCHASED, COPIES OF WHICH ARE ON FILE WITH THE SECRETARY OF THE CORPORATION."
(c) To ensure the availability for delivery of the Purchaser's Unvested Shares upon repurchase by the Company pursuant to the Company Option under Section 1, the Purchaser shall, upon execution of this Agreement, deliver and deposit with the Secretary of the Company, or such other person designated by the Company, the share certificates representing the Unvested Shares, together with the stock power, duly endorsed in blank, attached hereto as Exhibit A-1. The Unvested Shares and stock power shall be held by the Secretary in escrow until such time as the Company's rights of repurchase pursuant to the Company Option no longer are in effect. As a further condition to the Company's obligations under this Agreement, the spouse of Purchaser, if any, shall execute and deliver to the Company the Consent of Spouse attached hereto as Exhibit A-2.
(d) The Company, or its designee, shall not be liable for any act it may do or omit to do with respect to holding the Unvested Shares in escrow and while acting in good faith and in the exercise of its judgment.
(e) Transfer or sale of said Unvested Shares is subject to restrictions on transfer imposed by any applicable State and federal securities laws. Any transferee shall hold such Unvested
Shares subject to all the provisions hereof and shall acknowledge the same by signing a copy of this Agreement.
THE PURCHASER ACKNOWLEDGES THAT IT IS THE PURCHASER'S SOLE RESPONSIBILITY AND NOT THE COMPANY'S TO TIMELY FILE THE ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(B), EVEN IF THE PURCHASER REQUESTS THE COMPANY OR ITS REPRESENTATIVES TO MAKE THIS FILING ON THE PURCHASER'S BEHALF.
Purchaser represents that he or she has read this Agreement and is familiar with its terms and provisions. Purchaser hereby agrees to accept as binding, conclusive and final all decisions or interpretations of the Board upon any questions arising under this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, this Agreement is deemed made as of the date first set forth above.
ECHELON CORPORATION,
a Delaware corporation
By:________________________________
Title:_____________________________
PURCHASER
ASSIGNMENT SEPARATE FROM CERTIFICATE
FOR VALUE RECEIVED I, hereby sell, assign and transfer unto ______________ _____________________ (____________) shares of the Common Stock of Echelon Corporation standing in my name of the books of said corporation represented by Certificate No. _________ herewith and do hereby irrevocably constitute and appoint _______________________________ to transfer said stock on the books of the within-named corporation with full power of substitution in the premises.
Dated:______________________, 19____.
Signature:
This Assignment Separate from Certificate was executed in conjunction with the terms of a Restricted Stock Purchase Agreement between the above assignor and _____________________________ dated ________________________, 19____.
CONSENT OF SPOUSE
I, _______________________________, spouse of ____________________________ have read and approved the foregoing Agreement. In consideration of granting of the right to my spouse to purchase shares of Echelon Corporation as set forth in the Agreement, I hereby appoint my spouse as my attorney-in-fact in respect to the exercise of any rights under the Agreement and agree to be bound by the provisions of the Agreement insofar as I may have any rights under such Agreement or in any shares issued pursuant thereto under the community property laws of the State of California or similar laws relating to marital property in effect in the state of our residence as of the date of the signing of the foregoing Agreement.
Dated:___________________, 19____
ELECTION UNDER SECTION 83(B)
OF THE INTERNAL REVENUE CODE OF 1986
The undersigned taxpayer hereby elects, pursuant to the above-referenced Federal Tax Code, to include in his gross income for the current taxable year, the amount of any compensation taxable to him in connection with his receipt of the property described below:
1. The name, address, taxpayer identification number and taxable year of the undersigned are as follows:
NAME: TAXPAYER:_______________ SPOUSE:________________ ADDRESS: ________________________ ________________________ IDENTIFICATION NO.: TAXPAYER:_______________ SPOUSE:________________ |
TAXABLE YEAR: Calendar Year 19____
2. The property with respect to which the election is made is described as follows:
___________________ shares (the "Shares") of Common Stock of Echelon Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the "Company").
3. The date on which the property was transferred is:______________, 19____.
4. The property is subject to the following restrictions:
Periodic lapsing repurchase option at cost in favor of the Company upon termination of taxpayer's employment or services.
5. The fair market value at the time of transfer, determined without regard to any restriction other than a restriction which by its terms will never lapse, of such property is: $____________
6. The amount (if any) paid for such property: $____________
The undersigned has submitted a copy of this statement to the person for whom the services were performed in connection with the undersigned's receipt of the above described property. The transferee of such property is the person performing the services in connection with the transfer of said property.
The undersigned understands that the foregoing election may not be revoked except with the consent of the Commissioner.
Dated:_____________________ ________________________________________ Taxpayer
The undersigned spouse of taxpayer joins in this election.
Dated:_____________________ ________________________________________ Spouse of Taxpayer
INVESTMENT REPRESENTATION STATEMENT
PURCHASER:
SELLER : ECHELON CORPORATION
COMPANY : ECHELON CORPORATION
SECURITY : COMMON STOCK
AMOUNT :
DATE :
In connection with the purchase of the above-listed Securities, I, the Purchaser, represent to the Seller and to the Company the following:
(a) I am aware of the Company's business affairs and financial condition, and have acquired sufficient information about the Company to reach an informed and knowledgeable decision to acquire the Securities. I am purchasing these Securities for my own account for investment purposes only and not with a view to, or for the resale in connection with, any "distribution" thereof for purposes of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act").
(b) I understand that the Securities have not been registered under the Securities Act in reliance upon a specific exemption therefrom, which exemption depends upon, among other things, the bona fide nature of my investment intent as expressed herein. In this connection, I understand that, in the view of the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC"), the statutory basis for such exemption may be unavailable if my representation was predicated solely upon a present intention to hold these Securities for the minimum capital gains period specified under tax statutes, for a deferred sale, for or until an increase or decrease in the market price of the Securities, or for a period of one year or any other fixed period in the future.
(c) I further understand that the Securities must be held indefinitely unless subsequently registered under the Securities Act or unless an exemption from registration is otherwise available. Moreover, I understand that the Company is under no obligation to register the Securities. In addition, I understand that the certificate evidencing the Securities will be imprinted with a legend which prohibits the transfer of the Securities unless they are registered or such registration is not required in the opinion of counsel for the Company.
(d) I am familiar with the provisions of Rule 701 and Rule 144, each promulgated under the Securities Act, which, in substance, permit limited public resale of "restricted securities" acquired, directly or indirectly, from the issuer thereof, in a non-public offering subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions. Rule 701 provides that if the issuer qualifies under Rule 701 at the time of the grant of the option pursuant to which the Securities are issued, such issuance will be exempt from registration under the Securities Act. In the event the Company later becomes subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, ninety (90) days thereafter the securities exempt under Rule 701 may be resold, subject to the satisfaction of certain of the conditions specified by Rule 144, including among other things: (1) the sale being made through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in transactions directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934); and, in the case of an
affiliate, (2) the availability of certain public information about the Company,
and the amount of securities being sold during any three month period not
exceeding the limitations specified in Rule 144(e), if applicable.
Notwithstanding this paragraph (d), I acknowledge and agree to the restrictions
set forth in paragraph (e) hereof.
In the event that the Company does not qualify under Rule 701 at the time of the grant of the option pursuant to which the Securities are issued, then the Securities may be resold in certain limited circumstances subject to the provisions of Rule 144, which requires among other things: (1) the resale occurring not less than two years after the later of the date the securities were sold by the Company or the date they were sold by an affiliate of the Company, within the meaning of Rule 144; and, in the case of an affiliate, or of a non-affiliate who has held the securities less than three years, (2) the availability of certain public information about the Company, (3) the sale being made through a broker in an unsolicited "broker's transaction" or in transactions directly with a market maker (as said term is defined under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934), and (4) the amount of securities being sold during any three month period not exceeding the specified limitations stated therein, if applicable.
(f) I further understand that in the event all of the applicable requirements of Rule 144 or Rule 701 are not satisfied, registration under the Securities Act, compliance with Regulation A, or some other registration exemption will be required; and that, notwithstanding the fact that Rule 144 and Rule 701 are not exclusive, the Staff of the SEC has expressed its opinion that persons proposing to sell private placement securities other than in a registered offering and otherwise than pursuant to Rule 144 or Rule 701 will have a substantial burden of proof in establishing that an exemption from registration is available for such offers or sales, and that such persons and their respective brokers who participate in such transactions do so at their own risk.
(g) I understand that the certificate evidencing the Securities will be imprinted with a legend which prohibits the transfer of the Securities without the consent of the Commissioner of Corporations of California. I have read the applicable Commissioner's Rules with respect to such restriction, a copy of which is attached.
Signature of Purchaser:
Date:____________________, 19____
(b) It is unlawful for the holder of any such security to consummate a sale or transfer of such security, or any interest therein, without the prior written consent of the Commissioner (until this condition is removed pursuant to Section 260.141.12 of these rules), except:
(1) to the issuer;
(2) pursuant to the order or process of any court;
(3) to any person described in Subdivision (i) of Section 25102 of the Code or Section 260.105.14 of these rules;
(4) to the transferor's ancestors, descendants or spouse, or any custodian or trustee for the account of the transferor or the transferor's ancestors, descendants, or spouse; or to a transferee by a trustee or custodian for the account of the transferee or the transferee's ancestors, descendants or spouse;
(5) to holders of securities of the same class of the same issuer;
(6) by way of gift or donation inter vivos or on death;
(7) by or through a broker-dealer licensed under the Code (either acting as such or as a finder) to a resident of a foreign state, territory or country who is neither domiciled in this state to the knowledge of the broker-dealer, nor actually present in this state if the sale of such securities is not in violation of any securities law of the foreign state, territory or country concerned;
(8) to a broker-dealer licensed under the Code in a principal transaction, or as an underwriter or member of an underwriting syndicate or selling group;
(9) if the interest sold or transferred is a pledge or other lien given by the purchaser to the seller upon a sale of the security for which the Commissioner's written consent is obtained or under this rule not required;
(10) by way of a sale qualified under Sections 25111, 25112, 25113 or 25121 of the Code, of the securities to be transferred, provided that no order under Section 25140 or Subdivision (a) of Section 25143 is in effect with respect to such qualification;
(11) by a corporation to a wholly owned subsidiary of such corporation, or by a wholly owned subsidiary of a corporation to such corporation;
(12) by way of an exchange qualified under Section 25111, 25112 or 25113 of the Code, provided that no order under Section 25140 or Subdivision (a) of Section 25143 is in effect with respect to such qualification;
(13) between residents of foreign states, territories or countries who are neither domiciled nor actually present in this state;
(14) to the State Controller pursuant to the Unclaimed Property Law or to the administrator of the unclaimed property law of another state;
(15) by the State Controller pursuant to the Unclaimed Property Law or by the administrator of the unclaimed property law of another state if, in either such case, such person (i) discloses to potential purchasers at the sale that transfer of the securities is restricted under this rule, (ii) delivers to each purchaser a copy of this rule, and (iii) advises the Commissioner of the name of each purchaser;
(16) by a trustee to a successor trustee when such transfer does not involve a change in the beneficial ownership of the securities; or
(17) by way of an offer and sale of outstanding securities in an
issuer transaction that is subject to the qualification requirement of
Section 25110 of the Code but exempt from that qualification requirement by
subdivision (f) of Section 25102;
provided that any such transfer is on the condition that any certificate evidencing the security issued to such transferee shall contain the legend required by this section.
(c) The certificates representing all such securities subject to such a restriction on transfer, whether upon initial issuance or upon any transfer thereof, shall bear on their face a legend, prominently stamped or printed thereon in capital letters of not less than 10-point size, reading as follows:
"IT IS UNLAWFUL TO CONSUMMATE A SALE OR TRANSFER OF THIS SECURITY, OR ANY INTEREST THEREIN, OR TO RECEIVE ANY CONSIDERATION THEREFOR, WITHOUT THE PRIOR WRITTEN CONSENT OF THE COMMISSIONER OR CORPORATIONS OF THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA, EXCEPT AS PERMITTED IN THE COMMISSIONER'S RULES."
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into effective as of ___________, 199__, between Echelon Corporation ("Echelon"), a Delaware corporation with principal offices at 4015 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, and __________________________________ ("Distributor"), a corporation organized under the laws of _____________________, with principal offices at _______________________________________________________.
WHEREAS, Echelon has developed and distributes products for intelligent distributed control systems.
WHEREAS, Echelon wishes to appoint Distributor to distribute Echelon's products on a non-exclusive basis in the Territory (as hereinafter defined).
WHEREAS, Distributor is willing to accept such appointment.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
(a) "Products" shall mean those hardware and/or software products for which Distributor will serve as a non-exclusive distributor hereunder, as identified in Exhibit A hereto, as it may be amended from time to time pursuant to Section 9 below.
(b) "Development Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(c) "OEM Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(d) "Software Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(e) "Territory" shall mean the territory set forth in Exhibit B.
(f) "Software" shall mean any Software Product that is listed in Exhibit A and any software that is included in or with a Product that is listed in Exhibit A. All references to the Products herein include reference to the Software.
(g) "Software Copy" shall mean an object code copy of any of the Software, together with a copy of any user manual or other documentation customarily supplied with the Software Copy to end users by Echelon.
(i) "Registered Customer" shall mean a customer of Distributor that has been registered by Distributor with Echelon pursuant to Echelon's standard customer registration policies and procedures. Such registration policies and procedures are set forth in Exhibit A. Echelon may amend the registration policies and procedures set forth in Exhibit A from time to time in its sole discretion, including eliminating the registration program. Any such change shall be effective upon notice to Distributor.
Distributor's sole remuneration with respect to the distribution of Products hereunder shall be (i) the difference between Distributor's price from Echelon and Distributor's price to its customers and (ii) any commissions or sales credits payable pursuant to Sections 8(g) or 8(h) below.
Distributor acknowledges and agrees that certain Products may only be distributed pursuant to license agreements, as indicated by the Licensing Requirements set forth in Exhibit A. Distributor shall only distribute such Products to customers who have entered into all required license agreements with Echelon.
One time with respect to each order, Distributor may cancel, delay or
reduce the quantity of Product(s) on that portion of an order that has a
scheduled delivery date in the period beyond sixty (60) days of the then current
date subject to the following provisions: (i) the combined effect of such
cancellation or reduction shall not reduce the total quantity of each Product to
be delivered on all scheduled delivery dates in such period by more than forty
percent (40%); (ii) no scheduled delivery date may be delayed by more than three
(3) months; and (iii) the remaining orders shall continue to be subject to the
minimum aggregate invoice value set forth on Exhibit A.
If under this Section 5(d) Distributor is permitted a delay in delivery, and if Echelon has, prior to Distributor's request therefor, notified Distributor of Distributor Price changes that are effective at the time of the new delivery date, then Echelon's price to Distributor on Products for which delivery was delayed and any penalties due to Echelon hereunder shall be based upon Echelon's new Distributor Price.
to perfect and protect such security interest. In the event Distributor fails promptly to execute such documents, Distributor hereby appoints Echelon its attorney-in-fact for the sole purpose of executing such documents, which appointment shall be a power coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable.
(i) With respect to Products shipped to Distributor (as
opposed to Products shipped directly to Distributor's customers), Distributor
shall inspect all such Products upon receipt thereof, and Distributor may reject
any item that fails substantially to conform to the then current Product
specifications. To reject a Product, Distributor shall within five (5) working
days of receipt of such Product notify Echelon in writing or by facsimile of its
rejection and request a Return Material Authorization ("RMA") number. Within ten
(10) working days of receipt of the RMA number, Distributor shall return the
rejected Product, freight prepaid and properly insured, in its original shipping
carton with the RMA number displayed on the outside of the carton.
(ii) If Echelon confirms the defect, Echelon shall, at Echelon's option and expense, either repair or replace the Product. Echelon shall reimburse Distributor for the shipping charges to return properly rejected Products and shall pay the shipping charges for the delivery of such repaired or replacement Products to Distributor; otherwise, Distributor shall be responsible for all shipping charges.
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, title to all Software shall remain with Echelon. Distributor shall have a nonexclusive license to distribute Software Copies; provided, that such Software Copies are delivered to customers in unopened packages in good condition and at the same time as associated hardware Products, if any.
(b) Distributor shall have no right to copy the Software or to reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile or otherwise attempt to derive the source code from the Software. With respect to any Software Copies to be used for demonstration purposes, in addition to the requirements set forth in Sections 8(b) and 17(c) below, Distributor agrees to the terms of the (i) Software License Agreement accompanying the Software Copies, for Software identified with a Note 2, 3 or 4 Licensing Requirement in Exhibit A, and (ii) the Software License Agreement set
forth in Exhibit G hereto, for Software identified with a Note 5 Licensing Requirement in Exhibit A. Distributor shall not remove, alter, cover or obfuscate any copyright notices or other proprietary rights notices placed or embedded by Echelon on or in the Software.
Sales Credit Request Form shall set forth at a minimum: the name of the end user
customer; the Echelon part number; the projected quantity of Products to be
sold; and the per unit special sales credit. Receipt of the foregoing special
sales credit is conditioned upon (i) verification by Distributor's POS Report
(as described in Section 13(d) below) of the type of Product(s) sold; (ii)
verification that the customer is a Registered Customer of Distributor; and
(iii) receipt of the Sales Credit Form set forth in Exhibit A. Distributor will
not be entitled to any special sales credit unless such procedures have been
fully complied with, and no credits will be provided to Distributor for
shipments made by Distributor prior to the date that Echelon executes the
applicable Special Sales Credit Form.
1. Echelon part number
2. Quantity sold
3. Unit sales price
4. Date product shipped (or scheduled to be shipped) to customer
5. Customer name
6. "Ship to" location
The accuracy of each POS report shall be certified by Distributor. Echelon shall have the right to audit Distributor's books and records to verify the accuracy of any POS report without notice at any time during Distributor's normal business hours; provided, that any such audit shall not materially interfere with Distributor's normal business operations.
provisions is deemed to be "technical data-commercial items" pursuant to DFAR
Section 227.7015(a).
expiration of each fixed term. In the event the parties continue to transact business under this Agreement following any expiration or termination of this Agreement, this Agreement shall be deemed to have been renewed on a day to day basis, and following such renewal, either party may terminate this Agreement upon one (1) day's written notice to the other party.
because of such termination, for compensation, reimbursement or damages on account of the loss of prospective profits or anticipated sales or on account of expenditures, inventory, investments, leases or commitments in connection with the business or goodwill of Echelon or Distributor. Termination shall not, however, relieve either party of obligations incurred prior to the termination.
ECHELON'S LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT AND/OR THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID BY DISTRIBUTOR FOR THE PRODUCT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON BE LIABLE FOR COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS BY ANYONE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON BE LIABLE TO DISTRIBUTOR OR ANY OTHER ENTITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES OR LOST PROFITS, HOWEVER CAUSED, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT ECHELON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF THIS PROVISION IS TO LIMIT THE POTENTIAL LIABILITY OF ECHELON ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRODUCTS.
only for the purposes herein set forth, and upon termination of this Agreement for any reason such authorization shall cease.
(i) Distributor agrees not to provide or otherwise make available any Software Copies, in any form, to any person other than employees of Distributor or Echelon or Distributor's customers in connection with the distribution of the Software or its demonstration (in accordance with Subsection 17(c) below).
(ii) Distributor acknowledges that the Software constitutes confidential and proprietary information of Echelon developed at substantial expense to Echelon. Distributor agrees to use the Software only as authorized herein, and to treat the Software with at least the degree of care and protection as its treats its own most confidential information, and Distributor represents and warrants that it takes reasonable measures to protect its own confidential information. Distributor agrees that Distributor will take appropriate action by instruction, agreement, or otherwise with Distributor's employees to satisfy Distributor's obligations under this Agreement with respect to use, copying, modification and protection and security of the Software. Distributor shall remain obligated, both during the term of this Agreement and thereafter, to hold in confidence its knowledge of the Software as a trade secret for the benefit of Echelon.
(iii) Distributor acknowledges that by reason of its relationship with Echelon hereunder it will have access to certain other information and materials concerning the Products and Echelon's business, plans, customers and technology that are confidential and of substantial value to Echelon, which value would be impaired if such information were disclosed to third parties. Distributor agrees that it shall not use in any way for its own account or the account of any third party, nor disclose to any third party, any such confidential information revealed to it by Echelon. Distributor shall take every reasonable precaution to protect the confidentiality of such information, including, at the request of Echelon, the entry by Distributor's agents and employees into confidentiality agreements in a form approved by Echelon, prohibiting any disclosure to third parties of confidential information provided by Echelon. Distributor shall not publish any technical description of any Software or Product or other confidential information of Echelon beyond the description published by Echelon. In the event of termination or expiration of this Agreement, there shall be no use or disclosure by Distributor, its agents, or employees of any confidential information of Echelon, and Distributor shall not manufacture or have manufactured any products utilizing any of Echelon's confidential information. Distributor shall deliver to Echelon all copies within its possession or within its control of customer lists, catalogues, specifications, proposals, quotations, price lists, contracts and all other documents and data relating to the Products or the conduct of Echelon's business.
(i) Distributor understands and acknowledges that Echelon is subject to regulation by agencies of the U.S. Government, including the U.S. Department of Commerce, which prohibit export or diversion of certain products and technology to certain countries. Any and all obligations of Echelon to provide products, software, documentation or any media in which any of the foregoing is contained, as well as any technical assistance, shall be subject in all respects to Echelon's compliance with such United States laws and regulations as shall from time to time govern the license and delivery of technology and products abroad by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended, any successor legislation, and the Export Administration Regulations issued by the Department of Commerce, Bureau of Export Administration.
(ii) Without in any way limiting the provisions of this Agreement, Distributor agrees that unless prior written authorization is obtained from the Bureau of Export Administration or the Export Administration Regulations, it will not export, reexport, or transship, directly or indirectly, any of the technical data or Software (i) into (or to a national resident of) Cuba, Iraq, Libya, Yugoslavia, North Korea, Iran, Sudan, Syria or any other country to which the U.S. has embargoed goods; or (ii) to anyone on the U.S. Treasury Department's list of Specially Designated Nationals or the U.S. Commerce Department's Table of Deny Orders.
this Agreement is being performed, the remainder of this Agreement shall be valid and enforceable and the parties shall negotiate, in good faith, a substitute, valid and enforceable provision which most nearly effects the parties' intent in entering into this Agreement.
LIABILITY AND EXCLUSIONS OF DAMAGES SET FORTH HEREIN SHALL REMAIN IN EFFECT.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
ECHELON CORPORATION ________________________________ (Echelon) (Distributor) By: ___________________________ By: ____________________________ _______________________________ ________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title: ________________________ Title: _________________________ |
EXHIBIT A
PRODUCTS AND PRICES
======================================================================== DEVELOPMENT DISTRIBUTOR SALES CREDIT LICENSING PRODUCTS PRICE OR COMMISSION REQUIREMENT ------ ----- ------ ------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ======================================================================== |
======================================================================== OEM DISTRIBUTOR SALES CREDIT LICENSING PRODUCTS PRICE OR COMMISSION REQUIREMENT ------ ----- ------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ======================================================================== |
======================================================================== SOFTWARE DISTRIBUTOR SALES CREDIT LICENSING PRODUCTS PRICE OR COMMISSION REQUIREMENT ------ ----- -------- ------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------------------ ======================================================================== |
EXHIBIT B
TERRITORY
EXHIBIT C
PAYMENT TERMS
EXHIBIT D
SOFTWARE MARKETING OBLIGATIONS
1. Pre-Sales Support. Distributor shall use its best efforts to solicit sales for the Software Products. Distributor shall provide limited pre-sales support, including distributing Echelon's promotional materials, answering technical questions and expediting customer's completion of the applicable Software License Agreement.
2. Delivery. Promptly upon receipt of the Software Products from Echelon, Distributor shall deliver the same to the customer unopened in the original packaging and will obtain from the customer a signed copy of Echelon's Acknowledgment of Receipt. Distributor shall immediately forward such Acknowledgment to Echelon via facsimile transmission to the attention of Order Processing.
3. Post-Sales Support. Distributor shall provide limited post-sales support. Customers requiring greater support will be directed by Distributor to contact Echelon for in-depth support during the initial warranty period and to contact Echelon with respect to entering into a support contract thereafter.
EXHIBIT E
ADDITIONAL MARKETING OBLIGATIONS
[Insert terms of minimum purchases]
EXHIBIT F
EVALUATION AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT G
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
EXHIBIT 10.6
Agreement # H_______________
To be assigned by Echelon
LONWORKS(R)
OEM LICENSE AGREEMENT
This Agreement is entered into between ECHELON CORPORATION ("Echelon") and _________________________________ ("Licensee") on the following terms and conditions:
1. DEFINITIONS
(a) "LonTalk(R) Protocol" means Echelon's protocol for control networks known as the LonTalk Protocol, as such protocol may be modified or improved by Echelon from time to time.
(b) "Neuron(R) Chips" means semiconductor devices that are (i) generally sold under the name Neuron Chips, (ii) designed by Echelon or a supplier licensed by Echelon to design such devices, (iii) implement, or are designed to be used to implement, all or part of the LonTalk Protocol, and (iv) manufactured by Echelon or by a supplier licensed by Echelon to manufacture such devices.
(c) "LONWORKS Applications" means equipment that incorporates Neuron Chips and the LonTalk Protocol. LONWORKS Applications shall exclude development systems for developing applications that use the LONTALK Protocol.
(d) "Echelon Intellectual Property" means (i) U.S. Patent No. 4,918,690, U.S. Patent No. 4,941,143, U.S. Patent No. 4,955,018, U.S. Patent No. 4,969,147, U.S. Patent No. 5,297,143, U.S. Patent No. 5,319,641, U.S. Patent No. 5,420,572, U.S. Patent No. 5,500,852, U.S. Patent No. 5,513,324, U.S. Patent No. 5,519,878, and foreign patents based upon such U.S. patents and claiming the same inventions, and (ii) Echelon copyrights governing the LonTalk Protocol.
(e) "Neuron Chip Firmware" means only the Echelon software which, among other things, implements the LonTalk Protocol, and which is identified as "Neuron Chip Firmware" in the documentation and/or start up screen for Echelon's development systems for developing applications that use the LonTalk Protocol.
2. LICENSE
(a) Echelon grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, fully paid license, under Echelon Intellectual Property, to make, use and sell LonWorks Applications. Licensee agrees that whenever a Neuron Chip is executing instructions, the Neuron Chip Firmware shall be loaded into it starting at address location 0 (zero). Licensee's rights to use the LonTalk Protocol and Neuron Chips shall not extend to use of the LonTalk Protocol in devices that duplicate the functions of all or part of the Neuron Chips, or to use the Neuron Chips with any communications protocol other than the LonTalk Protocol. The foregoing limitations shall apply to all Neuron Chips incorporated by Licensee into its LonWorks Applications, including Neuron Chips contained in products or equipment purchased by Licensee. If Licensee desires to implement the LonTalk Protocol for use with semiconductor devices other than the Neuron Chip, then Licensee should request a copy of Echelon's LonTalk Protocol License Agreement.
(b) Echelon grants Licensee a nonexclusive, royalty-free, fully paid license to reproduce and distribute the Neuron Chip Firmware without modification for use only with Neuron Chips; provided that Neuron Chip Firmware is programmed into either: (i) the memory of a Neuron Chip, or (ii) a memory device attached to the memory bus of a Neuron Chip. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Licensee may provide a master copy of the Neuron Chip Firmware linked with an application program on removable media to (A) an OEM Licensee who is a contract manufacturer for Licensee's LONWORKS Applications and (B) an OEM Licensee for whom Licensee is designing LonWorks Applications, for use and distribution by such OEM Licensee pursuant to the terms of such OEM Licensee's agreement with Echelon. As used herein "OEM License" means a LonWorks Development License Agreement or LONWORKS OEM License Agreement with Echelon or its subsidiaries that has an agreement number preceded by the letter "E" or a subsequent letter of the alphabet. Licensee agrees not to modify, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, disassemble or otherwise attempt to derive source code for the Neuron Chip Firmware (except to the extent that such acts may not be prohibited under applicable law).
(c) At the request of Licensee, and upon receipt of a fee of Fifty United States Dollars (U.S. $50.00), Echelon will deliver to Licensee one (1) copy of the Neuron Chip Firmware if Licensee has not already received such a copy from Echelon.
(d) No license is granted, express or implied, under any patents, trade secrets, know-how or other intellectual property of Echelon covering specific applications or implementations of the LonTalk Protocol, LonWorks Applications or Neuron Chips. Licensee shall have no right under Echelon Intellectual Property to modify the LonTalk Protocol.
(e) Licensee may make appropriate and truthful reference to Echelon and Echelon products and technology in Licensee's company and product literature; provided that Licensee properly attributes Echelon's trademarks; and provided, further, that Licensee does not use the name of Echelon or any Echelon trademark in its name or in its product name. No license is granted, express or implied, under any Echelon trademarks, trade names or service marks.
3. USE OF NEURON CHIPS
LICENSEE ASSUMES RESPONSIBILITY FOR, AND HEREBY AGREES TO USE ITS BEST EFFORTS IN, DESIGNING AND MANUFACTURING EQUIPMENT LICENSED HEREUNDER TO PROVIDE FOR SAFE OPERATION THEREOF, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, COMPLIANCE OR QUALIFICATION WITH RESPECT TO ALL SAFETY LAWS, REGULATIONS AND AGENCY APPROVALS, AS APPLICABLE. THE NEURON CHIP, LONTALK PROTOCOL AND NEURON CHIP FIRMWARE ARE NOT DESIGNED OR INTENDED FOR USE AS COMPONENTS IN EQUIPMENT INTENDED FOR SURGICAL IMPLANT INTO THE BODY, OR OTHER APPLICATIONS INTENDED TO SUPPORT OR SUSTAIN LIFE, FOR USE IN FLIGHT CONTROL OR ENGINE CONTROL EQUIPMENT WITHIN AN AIRCRAFT, OR FOR ANY OTHER APPLICATION IN WHICH THE FAILURE OF THE NEURON CHIP, LONTALK PROTOCOL OR NEURON CHIP FIRMWARE COULD CREATE A SITUATION IN WHICH PERSONAL INJURY OR DEATH MAY OCCUR, AND LICENSEE SHALL HAVE NO RIGHTS HEREUNDER FOR ANY SUCH APPLICATIONS.
4. INDEMNITY
Echelon shall indemnify Licensee for any liabilities, damages and costs
payable by Licensee to a third party in an action for infringement of any
third party United States patent by the LonTalk Protocol and for reasonable
attorney's fees relating thereto. The foregoing shall be subject to the
Licensee notifying Echelon promptly in writing of and giving Echelon the
exclusive authority to defend or settle any such claim or proceeding. If
the use of the LonTalk Protocol is enjoined or is the subject of any actual
or potential patent infringement action, Echelon may, at its option,
procure for Licensee the right to continue to use the LonTalk Protocol or
replace or modify the LonTalk Protocol so that it becomes noninfringing.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, Echelon assumes no liability for any claims
attributable to Licensee's specific applications for the LonTalk Protocol
or attributable to the use of the LonTalk Protocol in combination with
equipment or technology not provided by Echelon if the claim would not have
occurred but for such specific application or combination. In addition, in
no event shall Echelon's liability to Licensee under this paragraph exceed
the amount of Two Thousand Five Hundred United States Dollars (U.S.
$2,500.00). THE FOREGOING STATES THE ENTIRE LIABILITY OF ECHELON WITH
RESPECT TO INFRINGEMENT OF ANY PATENTS OR OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT
BY THE LONTALK PROTOCOL, LONWORKS APPLICATIONS, NEURON CHIP, ECHELON
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR NEURON CHIP FIRMWARE.
5. WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER
Echelon represents and warrants that it has the right to grant the licenses granted herein. ECHELON DISCLAIMS ALL OTHER WARRANTIES AND CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, RESPECTING THE LONTALK PROTOCOL, LonWorks APPLICATIONS, NEURON CHIPS, ECHELON INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY OR NEURON CHIP FIRMWARE, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES ARISING FROM COURSE OF PERFORMANCE, COURSE OF DEALING OR USAGE OF TRADE.
LonWorks OEM License Agreement Page 1 of 2
6. TERM AND TERMINATION
(a) The term of this Agreement shall be ten (10) years from the date of execution unless terminated earlier as provided below. Licensee may renew this Agreement for an additional ten (10) year period upon written notice delivered to Echelon within the last six (6) months of the initial term. Echelon agrees to give Licensee six (6) months notice prior to expiration of the initial term of this Agreement. If Echelon fails to give such notice, then this Agreement shall remain in force until six (6) months after notice of expiration is given by Echelon (but in no event longer than six (6) months after ten (10) years from the date of execution) unless renewed prior to such date.
(b) In addition, the non-breaching party may terminate this Agreement upon a breach by the other party if such breach remains uncured thirty (30) days after delivery by the non-breaching party of written notice of the breach. The provisions of paragraphs 5, 7 and 8 shall survive any termination of this Agreement. All other provisions shall terminate.
7. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
NEITHER PARTY SHALL BE LIABLE TO THE OTHER FOR ANY LOST PROFITS OR OTHER SPECIAL CONSEQUENTIAL, INDIRECT, PUNITIVE OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES, HOWEVER CAUSED ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE DEVELOPMENT OR DISTRIBUTION BY LICENSEE OF APPLICATIONS OR SYSTEMS USING THE LONTALK PROTOCOL, NEURON CHIPS OR NEURON CHIP FIRMWARE. THE FOREGOING SHALL NOT APPLY TO ANY BREACHES BY LICENSEE OF SECTIONS 2 OR 3.
8. MISCELLANEOUS
(a) Licensee shall comply with any United States export controls governing export of any technical data or technology provided by Echelon. If Licensee is other than a U.S. entity or is located outside the U.S., Licensee, as a prior condition to exercising its rights hereunder, shall execute any letter of written assurances required for the export of technical data or technology by Echelon and shall comply with such other requirements of the U.S. Department of Commerce or other applicable agency for the export of technical data or technology by Echelon and shall comply with such other requirements of the U.S. Department of Commerce or other applicable agency for the export of technical data or technology by Echelon to Licensee.
(b) If Licensee is other than a U.S. entity or is located outside of the U.S., Licensee represents that no consent or approval of any governmental authority is required in connection with the valid execution and performance of this Agreement.
(c) This Agreement will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, U.S.A., except that body of California law concerning conflicts of law.
(d) Licensee shall not assign this Agreement or any of its rights or duties hereunder except to a successor-in-interest without the prior written consent of Echelon which shall not be unreasonably withheld.
(e) The Neuron Chip Firmware is deemed to be "commercial computer software" pursuant to DFAR Section 227.7202. Any use, modification, reproduction, distribution or disclosure of the Neuron Chip Firmware by the U.S. Government shall be governed solely by the terms of this Agreement and shall be prohibited except to the extent expressly permitted by the terms of this Agreement.
(f) Licensee agrees that Echelon may disclose its name, address and Agreement number to vendors of Neuron Chips or LONWORKS Applications for the purpose of verifying Licensee's status as an Echelon licensee.
(g) This Agreement constitutes the entire agreement between the parties,
and supersedes any prior agreements, with respect to the subject
matter hereof. No amendment to any term of the Agreement shall be
valid unless mutually agreed to in writing by the parties. The failure
of either party to enforce any provision of this Agreement shall not
constitute a waiver of such provision.
ECHELON CORPORATION: LICENSEE:____________________________ Signature:_______________________ Signature:___________________________ Print Name:______________________ Print Name:__________________________ Title:___________________________ Title:_______________________________ Effective Date:__________________ Date Signed:_________________________ Address: 4015 Miranda Avenue Address:_____________________________ Palo Alto, CA 94304 _____________________________________ (800) 258 - 4LON Phone:_______________________________ Lon, Neuron, LONWORKS and LonTalk are U.S. v.12.16.96 registered trademarks of Echelon Corporation. P/N 120-0005-01L LonWorks OEM License Agreement Page 2 of 2 |
EXHIBIT 10.7
AGREEMENT NUMBER C______________
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
BETWEEN
ECHELON CORPORATION
4015 MIRANDA AVENUE
PALO ALTO, CALIFORNIA 94304
AND
DEVELOPER
Echelon Corporation ("Echelon") enters into this Agreement to license to Developer ("Developer") certain computer programs described in Exhibit A attached hereto in accordance with the terms and conditions of this Agreement.
This Agreement consists of this cover page, the attached Terms and Conditions, and Exhibits A (Executable Files, Development Purpose and Developer's Product), B (License Fees), C (Royalties), and D (End User License Restrictions). There are separate sequentially numbered Exhibits A, B and C for each computer program available from Echelon (e.g., Exhibit A-1, Exhibit A-2, etc.). Additional Exhibits A, B and C may be added to this Agreement by execution thereof by both parties. All references in the Terms and Conditions to Exhibit A, Exhibit B, or Exhibit C include all Exhibit A's, all Exhibit B's, or all Exhibit C's in effect, as applicable.
Developer has read, understands and agrees to the terms of this Agreement and the undersigned is duly authorized to sign this Agreement.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER By: _________________________ By:_____________________________ _____________________________ ________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title: ______________________ Title: _________________________ Date: ______________________ Date: _________________________ |
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT TERMS AND CONDITIONS 1 DEFINITIONS. ----------- 1.1 "Object Code " means the computer program(s) set forth on Exhibit A in object code form. 1.2 "Documentation" means the documentation accompanying the Object Code. 1.3 "Executable Files" means the executable files set forth on Exhibit A |
and the Support Files.
1.4. "Support Files" means the support files set forth on Exhibit A.
1.5 "Utilities" means all other files supplied on the distribution disk(s) not defined as Object Code or Support Files.
1.6 "Licensed Software" means the Object Code, Support Files, Utilities and Documentation.
1.7 "Developer's Product" shall have the meaning set forth on Exhibit A. 1.8 "LonTalk(TM) Protocol" means Echelon's protocol for control networks. 1.9 "Development Purpose" shall have the meaning set forth on Exhibit A. 2 LICENSE. ------- 2.1 Object Code. Echelon hereby grants Developer a nonexclusive, ----------- |
nontransferable license to use the Object Code solely for the Development Purpose, and to use the Documentation, Support Files and Utilities to support such efforts. Developer may make one (1) copy of the Licensed Software for backup purposes.
conspicuously identified as Confidential Information as provided in Section 9 of this Agreement; and (ii) with respect to the Licensed Software such contractor is subject to a confidentiality obligation at least as stringent as that set forth in Section 9 this Agreement. Developer shall have no right to reproduce, distribute or otherwise provide to third parties the Documentation, except as provided in the previous sentence.
3 END USER LICENSE RESTRICTIONS. ----------------------------- The following provisions of this Section 3 apply only if Developer's Product as defined on Exhibit A is a computer program and not a hardware product: (i) Each copy of Developer's Product containing any Executable Files that |
is distributed hereunder shall be distributed pursuant to a software license agreement between Developer and the end user that incorporates the terms and conditions set forth on Exhibit D. In jurisdictions in which an enforceable copyright covering the Licensed Software exists, the agreement may be a written agreement in the package containing such Developer's Product that is fully visible to the end user and that the end user accepts by opening the package. In all other jurisdictions, such agreement must be a written agreement signed by the end user. Developer agrees to use its best efforts to enforce the obligations of its end user software license agreements and to inform Echelon immediately of any known breach of such obligations. Echelon may modify the terms of Exhibit D upon sixty (60) days written notice to Developer. After the end of such period, such Developer's Product may be distributed only pursuant to the modified terms.
(ii) Notwithstanding the foregoing paragraph, Developer shall not be obligated to distribute such Developer's Product pursuant to a software license agreement as described in the foregoing paragraph for copies of such Developer's Product that are distributed internally for Developer's internal business purposes. For each such copy of Developer's Product, Developer agrees to be bound by the restriction in Sections 1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, and 11 of Exhibit D with respect to the Executable Files included in the Developer's Product.
4 CONSIDERATION. ------------- 4.1 License Fees. In consideration for the license granted pursuant to ------------ |
Section 2.1, Developer agrees to pay to Echelon the one-time nonrefundable license fee(s) set forth on Exhibit B. Upon receipt of Developer's executed Exhibit B and a purchase order for the Licensed Software, Echelon will invoice Developer for such fee. Payment of the invoiced amount will be due within thirty (30) days of the invoice date. Any invoiced amount not paid when due may bear interest at the rate of one and one-half percent (1 1/2%) per month or, if less, the maximum amount permitted by applicable law.
(a) In consideration for the license granted pursuant to Section 2.2, Developer agrees to pay to Echelon the royalties set forth on Exhibit C for each copy of the Executable Files that is distributed by or for Developer according to the terms of Exhibit C. If Developer's Product incorporating such Executable Files, as defined on Exhibit A, is a computer program, the royalty shall be due for each copy distributed and each copy shall be distributed for use only on a single computer and not for use in a network. If Developer's Product incorporating such Executable Files, as defined on Exhibit A, is a hardware product, the royalty shall be due for each copy of such Executable Files distributed in each hardware product. As used in this Section 4, "distribute" includes, but is not limited to, distributed internally for business purposes other than solely for development.
(b) Developer shall pay, within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter or part thereof during the term of this Agreement, the aggregate royalties for all such Developer's Products distributed by Developer during such quarter. Developer will also submit to Echelon within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter or part thereof during the term of this Agreement, a reasonably detailed report for the quarter for which such royalties are due, which describes (i) the number of such Developer's Products distributed by Developer, and (ii) the calculation of the royalties due.
(c) Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above, no royalty will be payable for limited numbers of such Developer's Product distributed by Developer internally and to Distributors solely for marketing and sales demonstrations. In addition, if such Developer's Product as defined on Exhibit A is a computer program and not a hardware product, no royalties will be payable for limited copies of Developer's Product distributed solely for the following purposes; (i) limited copies internally and to Distributors for product maintenance and support; (ii) as back up copies; (iii) as error corrections that are distributed generally to third party customers for no fee (or for media and handling charges only); or (iv) as error corrections that are distributed to internal users, provided, that such error corrections do not incorporate new features or functions.
(a) The fees and royalties payable hereunder do not include any sales, use, excise, value-added, or similar taxes that may be applicable. When Echelon has the legal obligation to collect such taxes, the appropriate amount shall be added to Developer's invoice and paid by Developer unless Developer provides Echelon with a valid tax exemption certificate authorized by the appropriate taxing authority. Echelon agrees to take such steps as may be practical to minimize such taxes.
(b) All payments by Developer shall be made free and clear of, and without reduction for, any withholding taxes. Any such taxes which are otherwise imposed on payments to Echelon shall be the sole responsibility of Developer. Developer shall provide Echelon with official receipts issued by the appropriate taxing authority or such other evidence as is reasonably requested by Echelon to establish that such taxes have been paid. Developer will cooperate with Echelon and take all actions reasonably necessary in order to secure a reduction or elimination of withholding taxes pursuant to any income tax treaty between the United States and the jurisdiction of the appropriate taxing authority, as applicable.
Support, updates and training will be provided pursuant to Echelon's standard programs, policies and prices. Developer agrees that any Licensed Software update or upgrade (the "Replacement Software") provided by Echelon is subject to this Agreement. In the event that Echelon provides Developer with Replacement Software, then Developer agrees to destroy all copies of the prior release of the applicable Licensed Software within thirty (30) days after receipt of Replacement Software; provided, however, that Developer may retain one copy of the prior release for backup, archival and support purposes.
Echelon warrants that the media on which the Licensed Software is delivered will be free from defects in materials and workmanship for a period of ninety (90) days after delivery. Except as expressly provided above, Echelon licenses the Licensed Software to Developer on an "AS IS" basis. ECHELON AND ITS SUPPLIERS MAKE AND DEVELOPER RECEIVES NO WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, REGARDING THE LICENSED SOFTWARE OR ITS USE OR OPERATION, ALONE OR IN COMBINATION WITH DEVELOPER'S PRODUCT.
IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON OR ITS SUPPLIERS BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT OR THE USE OR DISTRIBUTION OF LICENSED SOFTWARE BY DEVELOPER OR ANY THIRD PARTY, WHETHER UNDER THEORY OF CONTRACT, TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE), INDEMNITY, PRODUCT LIABILITY OR OTHERWISE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON'S LIABILITY EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY DEVELOPER TO ECHELON FOR THE LICENSED SOFTWARE GIVING RISE TO SUCH LIABILITY.
8 LABELLING. --------- 8.1 Notices. Developer shall not remove any copyright notices or ------- |
proprietary legends contained within the Licensed Software. Developer shall include a copyright notice in Developer's Product that contains Executable Files if such Developer's Product as defined on Exhibit A is a computer program, and on Developer's Product if such Developer's Product as defined on Exhibit A is a hardware product, reflecting the copyright ownership of Echelon and, if appropriate, of Developer. Developer agrees to indicate in Developer's documentation for such Developer's Product that such product contains copyrighted material of Echelon.
9 CONFIDENTIALITY. --------------- 9.1 Confidential Information. Developer acknowledges that information ------------------------ |
which Echelon discloses to Developer in a tangible form and which is marked "Confidential" or "Proprietary" (or with a similar legend), or that is disclosed orally and confirmed in writing as confidential within a reasonable time, constitutes the proprietary and confidential information of Echelon ("Confidential Information"). Even if not so marked, the parties agree that the Licensed Software and Documentation shall be "Confidential Information" hereunder.
Echelon will deliver to Developer the number of sets of the Licensed Software set forth on Exhibit B upon receipt of Developer's executed Exhibit B and purchase order for the Licensed Software. Each set may contain copies of the Object Code, Utilities and Support Files in more than one version or more than one medium; Developer's license permits use of only one copy from each set as provided herein.
11 INDEMNIFICATION. --------------- 11.1 By Echelon. Echelon shall indemnify and hold harmless Developer from ---------- |
and against all liabilities payable to third parties and reasonable expenses of
Developer (including reasonable fees of attorneys and other professionals)
resulting from any infringement by the Licensed Software of any copyright or
trade secret of any third party. Developer shall promptly notify Echelon of any
such claim and, at Echelon's option, permit Echelon to control the defense and
settlement thereof. Developer shall not enter into any settlements that affect
Echelon without the prior written consent of Echelon, which shall not be
unreasonably withheld. In the event of such infringement, Echelon shall use
every reasonable effort to obtain a license under the intellectual property
rights that are infringed; provided that if in Echelon's judgment such a license
is not available on reasonable terms, Echelon may terminate the licenses granted
to Developer hereunder with respect to the infringing Licensed Software upon
written notice to Developer. Echelon shall have no liability for infringement
based on (i) use of other than the current release of the Licensed Software,
(ii) modification of the Licensed Software, or (iii) the combination or use of
the Licensed Software with software or any item or process not furnished by
Echelon if such infringement would have been avoided by the use of the Licensed
Software alone. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON'S LIABILITY UNDER THIS SECTION 11.1
EXCEED THE TOTAL AMOUNT PAID BY DEVELOPER TO ECHELON FOR THE LICENSED SOFTWARE
GIVING RISE TO SUCH LIABILITY. THIS SECTION 11.1 STATES ECHELON'S ENTIRE
OBLIGATION WITH RESPECT TO INFRINGEMENT BY SUCH MATERIALS OF INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS.
12 TERM AND TERMINATION. -------------------- 12.1 Term. This Agreement shall continue in full force and effect unless ---- |
and until terminated as provided in Section 12.2 below or in Section 2.4, 9.3, 11.1 or 13.2.
(a) If either party defaults in the performance of any provision of this Agreement, then the non-defaulting party may give written notice to the defaulting party that if the default is not cured within thirty (30) days the Agreement will be terminated. If the non-defaulting party gives such notice and the default is not cured during the thirty (30) day period, then the Agreement will terminate immediately upon notice by the non-defaulting party.
(b) This Agreement will terminate automatically without notice, (i) upon the institution by or against Developer of insolvency, receivership or bankruptcy proceedings or any other proceedings for the settlement of Developer's debts, (ii) upon Developer's making an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or (iii) in the event of Developer's dissolution or insolvency.
(c) Developer may terminate this Agreement either in its entirety or with respect to particular Licensed Software for any reason or for no reason upon thirty (30) days written notice to Echelon.
13 MISCELLANEOUS. ------------- 13.1 Assignment. This Agreement may not be assigned by Developer without ---------- |
(a) Developer understands and acknowledges that Echelon is subject to regulation by agencies of the U.S. Government, including the U.S. Department of Commerce, which prohibit export or diversion of certain products and technology to certain countries. Any and all obligations of Echelon to provide products as well as any technical assistance shall be subject in all respects to such United States laws and regulations as shall from time to time govern the license and delivery of technology and products abroad by persons subject to the jurisdiction of the United States, including the Export Administration Act of 1979, as amended any successor legislation, and the Export Administration Regulations issued by the Department of Commerce, International Trade Administration, Bureau of Export Administration. Developer agrees to cooperate with Echelon, including, without limitation, providing required documentation, in order to obtain export licenses or exemptions therefrom. Developer warrants that it will comply with the Export Administration Regulations or other United States laws and regulations in effect from time to time.
(b) Without in any way limiting the provisions of this Agreement, Developer agrees that unless prior written authorization is obtained from the Bureau of Export Administration or the Export Administration Regulations explicitly permitting the reexport, it will not export, reexport, or transship, directly or indirectly, to country groups S or Z (as defined in the Export Administration Regulations and which currently consist of Cambodia, Cuba, Libya, North Korea, and Vietnam), any of the technical data or software (if the described on the Control List with a letter "A" following its Export Control Number).
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-___________
A. The Object Code is the LonBuilder Microprocessor Interface Program Libraries.
B. "Executable Files" means custom ROM images in Motorola S-record or Intel Hex format created from the Object Code using the export facility of the LonBuilder Developer's Workbench.
C. "Support files" means no files contained herein.
D. "Developer's Product" means a hardware product that includes a memory device attached to the memory bus of a Neuron(R) 3150(R) Chip into which the Executable Files are programmed, or that includes a Neuron Chip in which the Executable Files have been programmed into EEPROM memory, and in both cases, that is included in equipment which enables communication from an attached computer onto a network otherwise comprised of LonWorks(R) Applications (as defined in Echelon's OEM License Agreement with Developer). Developer's Product also includes computer programs, solely in executable form, that execute on the attached computer and which may incorporate one or more Support Files. Notwithstanding that a portion of Developer's Product is a computer program, Developer's Product is deemed to be a hardware product.
E. "Development Purpose" means the purpose of configuring custom parameters, such as transceiver parameters, to create Executable Files, and using such Executable Files solely for developing Developer's Product.
F. Additional software that is not considered Object Code, Support Files or Utilities will be provided in the Examples directory. Developer shall have the right to use, modify, reproduce and distribute such software for any purpose. Except as specifically modified by the previous sentence, such software shall be considered to be the Licensed Software for all purposes under this Agreement except that the indemnity set forth in Section 11 shall not apply to such software, AND ECHELON DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO SUCH SOFTWARE.
G. For the purposes of the LonBuilder Microprocessor Interface Developer's Kit, Section 5 is replaced in its entirety with the following:
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-________
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:_________________________ (Company Name) Signature:____________________ Signature:_________________________ ______________________________ ___________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:________________________ Title:_____________________________ Date:_________________________ Date:_____________________________ |
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-__________________
EXHIBIT B-2
LONBUILDER(R) MICROPROCESSOR INTERFACE DEVELOPER'S KIT
Licensed Software Echelon License Model No. Description Quantity Fee -------------------- -------------------------------- ------------ ------------ 23201 LonBuilder(R) Microprocessor Interface Developer's Kit |
A. As of the date of this Agreement, Developer designates the following individual to fulfill Developer's royalty reporting requirements under this Agreement:
Name:___________________ Title:________________________ Address:________________ Phone #:______________________ ________________________ Fax #:________________________ ________________________ |
Developer agrees to notify Echelon of any change in the above information.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:________________________ (Company Name) Signature:____________________ Signature:________________________ ______________________________ __________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:________________________ Title:____________________________ Date:_________________________ Date:_____________________________ 3 |
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-_________ |
A. Royalties. ---------- Royalty Annual Unit Volume Level Commitment Level Royalty ------- -------------------------- ------- Level 1 Less than 2,500 $5.00 Level 2 2,500 to 4,999 inclusive $4.00 Level 3 5,000 to 9,999 inclusive $3.00 Level 4 10,000 to 24,999 inclusive $2.50 Level 5 25,000 to 49,999 inclusive $2.00 Level 6 50,000 and more $1.50 |
B. For the first year of this Agreement, Developer's royalty will be based on Developer's expected volume for such year. For each subsequent year of this Agreement, Developer's royalty will be based on the volume actually achieved in the previous year.
C. Developer's expected volume for the first year of this Agreement as mutually agreed with Echelon is ______________. If no volume level is set forth in the previous sentence, then Developer shall be deemed to have specified level 1.
D. Royalties for the first 100 copies are included with the license fee set forth on Exhibit B-2.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:_______________________ (Company Name) Signature:______________________ Signature:_______________________ ________________________________ _________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:__________________________ Title:___________________________ Date:___________________________ Date:____________________________ 4 |
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-_____________ |
All end user licenses of Developer's Product shall include provisions that:
(1) only a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the copy of the software on either (a) a single computer, or (b) a network server for access by one user, by way of a terminal or computer attached to the network server, is granted. Should the user choose to install the software on additional computers, or increase user access via a network server, the user must first acquire a license for each additional such computer or user who will use the software, as applicable, with the understanding that at any one time (and regardless of the number of media sets included with the software), the number of computers on which the software is installed or users who are permitted to use the software, as applicable, may not exceed the number of single-user licenses that the user has;
(2) Intentionally left blank.
(3) Developer or its suppliers retains all title and copyrights to the software, and all copies thereof, and the license is not a sale;
(4) the end user may not copy the software, except for one (1) copy of the software solely for backup purposes and provided that the end user reproduces proprietary notices on the copy;
(5) the end user may not modify, translate, reverse assemble, decompile, or disassemble the software;
(6) The software and accompanying documentation are deemed to be "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation", respectively, pursuant to DFAR Section 227.7202 and FAR Section 12.212(b), as applicable. Any use, modification, reproduction, release, performing, displaying or disclosing of the software and accompanying documentation by the U.S. Government shall be governed solely by the terms of this agreement and shall be prohibited except to the extent expressly permitted by the terms of this agreement;
(7) Echelon is a direct and intended beneficiary of the license agreement and may enforce it directly against the end user;
(8) Echelon shall not be liable to the end user for any loss of data, lost profits, cost of cover or other special, incidental, punitive, consequential, or indirect damages arising out of the use of the software;
(9) Echelon makes no warranties, express, implied or statutory, regarding the software, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;
(10) the end user's rights with respect to the software may be terminated, either immediately or after a notice period not exceeding thirty (30) days, upon unauthorized copying of the software or failure to comply with the restrictions contained in the license agreement; and
(11) upon termination of the license, the end user shall return all copies of the software to the party from which the software was acquired.
Echelon may be referred to as Developer's supplier.
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-____________
A. "Object Code" means those files set forth in the file OBJECT.TXT in the product LICENSE directories.
B. "Executable Files" means those files set forth in the EXECUTE.TXT file in the product LICENSE directories.
C. "Support Files" means those files listed in the file SUPPORT.TXT in the product LICENSE directories.
D. "Developer's Product" means Developer's computer program(s), solely in executable form, that make calls to the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows Executable File. Developer's Product is a computer program.
E. "Development Purpose" means the purpose of incorporating calls to the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows Executable Files.
F. Additional software that is not designated as Object Code, Executable Files, Support Files, or Source Files will be provided in the EXA or EXAMPLES directories and their subdirectories, and in the files contained within the LONWORKS\DRIVERS directory that are also listed in the SOURCE.TXT file in the product LICENSE directories. Developer shall have the right to use, modify, reproduce and distribute such software, in binary form only, solely for use with Developer's Product. Except as specifically modified by the previous sentence, such software shall be considered to be the Licensed Software for all purposes under this Agreement except that the indemnity set forth in Section 11 shall not apply to such software, AND ECHELON DISCLAIMS ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT WITH RESPECT TO SUCH SOFTWARE.
G. For the purposes of the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows, add the following sentences to the end of Section 4.2(a): "Echelon may provide Developer with successor versions of Exhibit C-14. If Developer does not execute Exhibit C-14 as of the date Developer executes this Exhibit A-14, then Echelon will only accept the then current version of Exhibit C-14 at such time as Developer executes an Exhibit C-14. The terms and conditions with respect to royalties set forth in an executed copy of Exhibit C-14 shall be fixed for the period set forth in Exhibit C-14 (the "Exhibit Term"). After expiration of the Exhibit Term, if Echelon has provided Developer with successor versions of Exhibit C-14, Developer must execute the then current successor version of Exhibit C-14 within thirty (30) days after the end of the Exhibit Term. After expiration of the Exhibit Term, if Echelon has not provided Developer with successor versions of Exhibit C-14, the last version of Exhibit C-14 executed by Developer shall remain in effect until thirty (30) days after Echelon has provided a successor version of Exhibit C-14 to Developer, during which thirty (30) day period Developer must execute such successor version. If Developer does not execute any successor version of Exhibit C-14 during the applicable thirty (30) day period as required above, Developer's right to distribute Executable Files shall terminate until such time as Developer executes the then current successor version of Exhibit C-14."
H. For the purposes of the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows, Section 5 is replaced in its entirety with the following:
5 SUPPORT. ------- 5.1 Definition "Support" means: ---------- (i) Responses to technical questions regarding the use of the Licensed |
Software when such inquiries are submitted via either telephone, electronic
mail, or facsimile.
(ii) Updates to the Licensed Software that Echelon provides generally to
its customers under support agreements for no additional fee other than the
support contract fee.
(iii) Support for LNS for Windows only covers the LCA Object Server ActiveX
Control, the LCA Data Server API, the Network Services API, and the Field
Compiler API. It does not include support for the Network Interface API or
lower level API's. Echelon reserves the right to decline to respond to
technical questions involving:
a) Product developments that duplicate the functions of Echelon's
products.
b) Third-party products.
c) Debugging of Developer's software code
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-____________
Echelon's support hours are Monday through Friday, 8:00 A.M. to 4 :30 P.M., Pacific time in the US, 0900 to 1700 Greenwich Mean Time in Europe, and 0900 to 1700 in Japan. Service is not available on Echelon's local regularly scheduled holidays at each of these locations. When Echelon does not respond immediately to a Support inquiry, Echelon will use reasonable efforts to respond within eight (8) business hours. Developer may designate up to three individuals who may place support calls with Echelon.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:__________________ (Company Name) Signature:_________________ Signature:__________________ ___________________________ ____________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:______________________ Title:______________________ Date: ______________________ Date:_______________________ |
Windows is a registered trademark of Microsoft Corporation.
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-_____________
Licensed Software Echelon Model No. Description Quantity License Fee ------------------------- -------------------------------------------- ------------- -------------- 34303 LNS Developer's Kit for Windows 1 |
A. As of the date of this Agreement, Developer designates the following individual to fulfill Developer's royalty reporting requirements under this Agreement:
Name:_____________________________ Title:____________________________ Address:__________________________ Phone #:__________________________ Fax #:____________________________ __________________________________ __________________________________ |
Developer agrees to notify Echelon of any change in the above information.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:________________________ (Company Name) Signature:_______________________ Signature:________________________ _________________________________ __________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:___________________________ Title:____________________________ Date:____________________________ Date:_____________________________ 3 |
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-___________ |
D. For the purposes of the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows, add the following to the end of Section 4.2(c):
"If such Developer's Product is distributed generally to third party customers or to internal users who are existing licensees as an error correction but also incorporates new features and functions, then the royalty due for such distributions shall be 15% of the royalty due by Developer according to the applicable rate set forth in Exhibit C-14. The foregoing provisions of this subsections (c) only apply if such Developer's Product does not increase the total capacity of the Commissioned Nodes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the standard royalty shall be due for such Developer's Product distributed internally or to third party customers that are not existing licensees of the Executable Files."
AGREEMENT NUMBER C13-__________
E. For the purposes of the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows, add the following new Section 4.2(d):
"(d) As used herein, "Node" means a device that implements layers 1 through 6 of the LonTalk Protocol and "Demonstration Copy" means a version of Developer's Product that includes any Executable Files that is (i) distributed for pre-sales, marketing purposes only to Developer's potential customers, (ii) distributed for no fee (or for media and handling charges only), and (iii) can install and manage only four Nodes. Notwithstanding paragraph (a) above, no royalty will be payable for a reasonable number of Demonstration Copies distributed by or for Developer. Developer shall submit to Echelon within thirty (30) days after the end of each calendar quarter or part thereof during the term of this Agreement a reasonably detailed report for the quarter of the number of Demonstration Copies distributed by or for Developer. All other terms of this Agreement remain in effect with respect to Demonstration Copies, including but not limited to Section 3, END USER LICENSE RESTRICTIONS."
F. For the purposes of the LNS Developer's Kit for Windows, add the following new Section 4.2(e):
"(e) If Echelon provides Replacement Software (as defined in Section 5) to Developer for no fee (or for media and handling charges only), and if Developer distributes such Replacement Software to its existing licensees of the Executable Files for no fee (or for media and handling charges only), then no royalty shall be due for such Replacement Software. If Echelon charges a fee (other than media and handling charges only) for such Replacement Software, and/or if Developer charges its customers a fee (other than media and handling charges only) for such Replacement Software, and such Replacement Software is distributed to Developer's existing licensees of the Executable Files, then the royalty due for such Replacement Software shall be 15% of the royalty due by Developer according to the applicable rate set forth in Exhibit C-14. The foregoing provisions of this subsection (e) only apply if the Replacement Software does not increase the total capacity of the Commissioned Nodes. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the standard royalty shall be due for copies of Replacement Software that are distributed to customers that are not existing licensees of the Executable Files."
The Exhibit Term for this Exhibit C-14 shall be two (2) years from the date this Exhibit is executed.
ECHELON CORPORATION DEVELOPER:_______________________ (Company Name) Signature:_____________________ Signature:_______________________ _______________________________ _________________________________ (Print Name) (Print Name) Title:_________________________ Title:___________________________ Date:___________________________ Date:____________________________ |
Agreement Number C13-__________
(1) only a non-exclusive, non-transferable license to use the copy of the software on either (a) a single computer, or (b) a network server for access by one user, by way of a terminal or computer attached to the network server, is granted. Should the user choose to install the software on additional computers, or increase user access via a network server, the user must first acquire a license for each additional such computer or user who will use the software, as applicable, with the understanding that at any one time (and regardless of the number of media sets included with the software), the number of computers on which the software is installed or users who are permitted to use the software, as applicable, may not exceed the number of single-user licenses that the user has;
(2) Intentionally left blank.
(3) Developer or its suppliers retains all title and copyrights to the software, and all copies thereof, and the license is not a sale;
(4) the end user may not copy the software, except for one (1) copy of the software solely for backup purposes and provided that the end user reproduces proprietary notices on the copy;
(5) the end user may not modify, translate, reverse assemble, decompile, or disassemble the software;
(6) The software and accompanying documentation are deemed to be "commercial computer software" and "commercial computer software documentation", respectively, pursuant to DFAR Section 227.7202 and FAR Section 12.212(b), as applicable. Any use, modification, reproduction, release, performing, displaying or disclosing of the software and accompanying documentation by the U.S. Government shall be governed solely by the terms of this agreement and shall be prohibited except to the extent expressly permitted by the terms of this agreement;
(7) Echelon is a direct and intended beneficiary of the license agreement and may enforce it directly against the end user;
(8) Echelon shall not be liable to the end user for any loss of data, lost profits, cost of cover or other special, incidental, punitive, consequential, or indirect damages arising out of the use of the software;
(9) Echelon makes no warranties, express, implied or statutory, regarding the software, including without limitation the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose;
(10) the end user's rights with respect to the software may be
terminated, either immediately or after a notice period not exceeding thirty
(30) days, upon unauthorized copying of the software or failure to comply with
the restrictions contained in the license agreement; and
(11) upon termination of the license, the end user shall return all copies of the software to the party from which the software was acquired.
Echelon may be referred to as Developer's supplier.
EXHIBIT 10.8
INTERNATIONAL DISTRIBUTOR AGREEMENT
between
ECHELON CORPORATION
and
EBV ELEKTRONIK GMBH
AS OF DECEMBER 1, 1997
THIS AGREEMENT (the "Agreement") is entered into effective as of December 1, 1997 (the "Effective Date"), between Echelon Corporation ("Echelon"), a Delaware corporation with principal offices at 4015 Miranda Avenue, Palo Alto, California 94304, and EBV Elektronik GmbH ("Distributor"), a corporation organized under the laws of Germany, with principal offices at Ammerthalstr. 28, D-85551 Kirchheim, Germany.
WHEREAS, Echelon has developed and distributes products for intelligent distributed control systems;
WHEREAS, Echelon wishes to appoint Distributor to distribute Echelon's products on a non-exclusive basis in the Territory (as hereinafter defined); and
WHEREAS, Distributor is willing to accept such appointment.
NOW, THEREFORE, the parties hereto agree as follows:
(a) "Products" shall mean those hardware and/or software products and services for which Distributor will serve as a non-exclusive distributor or sales representative, as applicable, hereunder, which are identified in Exhibit A hereto, as it may be amended from time to time pursuant to Section 9 below.
(b) "Development Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(c) "OEM Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(d) "Software Products" shall mean those Products identified in Exhibit A as such.
(e) "Territory" shall mean the territory set forth in Exhibit B.
(f) "Development License Agreement" shall mean Echelon's standard LonWorks(R) Development License Agreement and "OEM License Agreement" shall mean Echelon's standard LonWorks OEM License Agreement.
(g) "Software" shall mean any Software Product that is listed in Exhibit A and any software that is included in or with a Product that is listed in Exhibit A. All references to the Products herein include reference to the Software.
(h) "Software Copy" shall mean an object code copy of any of the Software, together with a copy of any user manual or other documentation customarily supplied with the Software Copy to end users by Echelon.
(i) Registered Customer" shall mean a customer of Distributor that has been registered by Distributor with Echelon pursuant to Echelon's standard customer registration policies and procedures. Such registration policies and procedures (and a list of customers not currently eligible for registration) are set forth in Exhibit A. Echelon may amend the registration policies and procedures set forth in Exhibit A from time to time in its sole discretion, including eliminating the registration program. Any such change shall be effective upon notice to Distributor.
(j) "Regular Product(s)" shall mean those products identified as such in Exhibit H, as such list of products is amended by Echelon from time to time in its sole discretion.
(k) "Target Inventory Level" shall mean the quantity set forth in Exhibit H for each Regular Product, as such exhibit is amended by the parties from time to time.
(l) "Volume Product(s)" shall mean those products identified as such in Exhibit H, as such list of products is amended by Echelon from time to time in its sole discretion.
power to direct and control the day-to-day activities of the other,
(ii) constitute the parties as partners, joint venturers, principal
and agent, employer and employee, co-owners, franchisor and franchisee
or otherwise as participants in a joint undertaking, or (iii) allow
Distributor to create or assume any obligation on behalf of Echelon
for any purpose whatsoever. All financial and other obligations
associated with Distributor's business are the sole responsibility of
Distributor. Distributor shall be solely responsible for, and shall
indemnify and hold Echelon free and harmless from, any and all claims,
damages or lawsuits (including Echelon's attorneys' fees) arising out
of the acts of Distributor, its employees or its agents.
Distributor's sole remuneration with respect to the distribution of
Products hereunder shall be (i) the difference between Distributor's price
from Echelon and Distributor's price to its customers and (ii) any
commissions, sales credits, or bonus payable pursuant to Sections 8 (g), 8
(h), or 8(i), below.
Distributor acknowledges and agrees that certain Products may only be distributed pursuant to signed license agreements, as indicated by the Licensing Requirements set forth in Exhibit A. Distributor shall only distribute such Products to customers who have entered into all required license agreements with Echelon.
i) Distributor shall initiate purchases under this Agreement by submitting written or facsimile purchase orders to Echelon. All purchase orders shall contain the following: (a) model numbers of Products, (b) quantity of Products to be purchased, (c) shipping point (Echelon's manufacturing facility or Echelon's European shipping point) and special shipping instructions, if any, (d) requested delivery schedule, which shall be within the next succeeding six (6) months, and which
shall conform to the minimum lead times for such Products as set forth in Exhibit A", (e) destination, (f) billing address if different from address listed above and (g) the net price for the Products, which shall conform to the minimum aggregate invoice value set forth on Exhibit A. No purchase order shall be binding upon Echelon until accepted by Echelon in writing. Echelon shall use reasonable commercial efforts to notify Distributor of the acceptance or rejection of a purchase order within fifteen (15) days of receipt of the purchase order.
ii) As a material inducement for Echelon to enter into this Agreement, Distributor has agreed to provide Echelon with the initial order attached to this Agreement as Exhibit I (the "Initial Order"). Echelon's acknowledgment thereof is attached to this Agreement as Exhibit J. Echelon agrees that, notwithstanding the requirements of Section 5 (b) (i), above, such Initial Order sets forth delivery dates within the next succeeding twelve (12) months. For each Regular Product the requested scheduled delivery dates are December 15, 1997; March 15, 1998; June 15, 1998; September 15, 1998 and November 15, 1998. Such dates will be adjusted as set forth in Section 5 (b) (iii), below. For each Volume Product there is one (1) requested scheduled delivery date per month.
iii) With respect to each Regular Product, Distributor shall place one order per calendar month by the tenth (10th) working day thereof with a requested delivery date within such month. The quantity of each Regular Product set forth on such order shall be determined by subtracting Distributor's ending inventory for such Regular Product as of the last day of the preceding month (including any Products in transit from Echelon to Distributor) from the then current Target Inventory Level for such Regular Product. During the first twelve (12) months of this Agreement, or, if earlier, until delivery of all units of such Regular Product scheduled for delivery under the Initial Order, Distributor shall effect such order by requesting a delivery date in the current month for a portion of the Regular Product ordered on the Initial Order and scheduled for delivery in a subsequent month. Thereafter, Distributor shall place a new order each month for the quantity of Regular Product determined hereunder. The parties will meet once each calendar quarter to negotiate the following provisions of Exhibit H, establishing the Target Inventory Levels for Regular Products added to Exhibit A pursuant to Section 9 (a), adjusting Target Inventory Levels for Regular Products deleted from Exhibit A pursuant to Section 9 (b), or increasing or decreasing the Target Inventory Level for any Regular Product based upon current sales levels for such Regular Product.
iv) With respect to the Initial Order for each Volume Product, Distributor may follow the procedure set forth in Section 5 (c) to request modification of any scheduled delivery date.
Commencing in June
1998, Distributor shall place one order per month for that
quantity of each Volume Product requested for delivery six (6)
months thereafter, thereby maintaining an order backlog of six
(6) months for each Volume Product.
i) Distributor may not cancel, delay or reduce the quantity of Product(s) on that portion of an order with a scheduled delivery date in the period within and including sixty (60) days of the then current date without Echelon's prior written approval granted in each instance in Echelon's sole discretion, and subject to a fifteen percent (15%) cancellation charge. Distributor will have no rights in partially completed goods from canceled orders.
ii) One time with respect to each order, Distributor may cancel, delay or reduce the quantity of Product(s) on that portion of an order that has a scheduled delivery date in the period beyond sixty (60) days of the then current date subject to the following provisions: (i) the combined effect of such cancellation or reduction shall not reduce the total quantity of each Product to be delivered on all scheduled delivery dates in such period by more than forty percent (40%); (ii) no scheduled delivery date may be delayed by more than three (3) months; (iii) no scheduled delivery date with respect to the Initial Order maybe delayed beyond November 30, 1998; (iv) with respect to cancellation under the Initial Order, Distributor must order other Products for delivery prior to November 30, 1998 to ensure that the total dollar value of all shipments thereunder is no less than the amount set forth on Schedule I; and (v) the remaining orders shall continue to be subject to the minimum aggregate invoice value set forth on Exhibit A. For purposes of this Section 5 (c), each scheduled delivery under the Initial Order shall be deemed to be an individual order. Notwithstanding the provisions of this Section 5 (c), Distributor may not cancel, delay or reduce the quantity of any order if the effect would be for Distributor's inventory level to fall below the Target Inventory Level for any Regular Product.
iii) If under this Section 5 (c) Distributor is permitted a delay in delivery, and if Echelon has, prior to Distributor's request therefor, notified Distributor of Distributor Price changes that are effective at the time of the new delivery date, then Echelon's price to Distributor on Products for which delivery was delayed and any penalties due to Echelon hereunder shall be based upon Echelon's new Distributor Price.
i) With respect to Products shipped to Distributor (as opposed to Products shipped directly to Distributor's customers), Distributor shall inspect all such Products for visable defects upon receipt thereof, and Distributor may reject any item that fails substantially to conform to the then current Product specifications. To reject a Product, Distributor shall within five (5) working days of receipt of such Product notify Echelon in writing or by facsimile of its rejection and request a Return Material Authorization ("RMA") number. Within ten (10) working days of receipt of the RMA number, Distributor shall return the rejected Product, freight prepaid and properly insured, in its original shipping carton with the RMA number displayed on the outside of the carton.
ii) If Echelon confirms the defect, Echelon shall, at Echelon's option and expense, either repair or replace the Product. Echelon shall reimburse Distributor for the shipping charges to return properly rejected Products and shall pay the shipping charges for the delivery of such repaired or replacement Products to Distributor; otherwise, Distributor shall be responsible for all shipping charges.
(a) Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained herein, title to all Software shall remain with Echelon. Distributor shall have a nonexclusive license to distribute Software Copies; provided, that such Software Copies are delivered to customers in unopened packages in good condition and at the same time as associated hardware Products, if any.
(b) Distributor shall have no right to copy the Software or to reverse engineer, disassemble, decompile or otherwise attempt to derive the source code from the Software, except to the extent that such activities may not be prohibited under local law. With respect to any Software Copies to be used for demonstration purposes, in addition to the requirements set forth in Sections 8 (b) and 17 (b) below, Distributor agrees to the terms of the (i) Software License Agreement accompanying the Software Copies, for Software identified with a Note 2, 3 or 4 Licensing Requirement in Exhibit A, and (ii) the Software License Agreement set forth in Exhibit G hereto, for Software identified with a Note 5 Licensing Requirement in Exhibit A. Distributor shall not remove, alter, cover or obfuscate any copyright notices or other proprietary rights notices placed or embedded by Echelon on or in the Software.
Exhibit A off the Distributor Price set forth in Exhibit A. Upon
request, Echelon may, in it sole determination of Distributor's
demonstration capabilities, provide Distributor at no charge with one
(1) copy of any Software Product (other than those Software Products
identified in Exhibit A as "not available for demonstration"), to be
used solely for demonstration purposes. Distributor certifies that
Products purchased or provided on this basis ("Demonstration
Products") shall be used exclusively for demonstration and/or
troubleshooting purposes and shall in no event be resold by
Distributor. Distributor shall have the right to use and lend
Demonstration Products pursuant to Section 17 (b) below.
SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES FOR BREACH OF WARRANTY.
and market the Products, including, without limitation, selling and distributing the Products through its own sales force and marketing the Products in Distributor's catalogues, if any, as soon as possible. Without limiting the foregoing, Distributor shall fulfill the additional marketing obligations set forth in Exhibit E hereto.
action within a reasonable period, Distributor hereby appoints Echelon its attorney-in-fact for the purpose of executing such documents, which appointment shall be deemed a power coupled with an interest and shall be irrevocable.
Echelon shall have the right to terminate this Agreement for cause immediately upon written notice to Distributor, without opportunity to cure.
i) in the event that any current legislation or exchange controls under applicable law preclude Distributor from making payments to Echelon in United States currency for a period of sixty (60) days; provided, however, that termination under this Section shall not relieve Distributor of its payment obligations under this Agreement; or
ii) upon the enactment of any law, decree, or regulation by the government of the Territory which would impair or restrict (A) the right of Echelon to terminate or elect not to renew this Agreement as herein provided, (B) Echelon's right, title or interest in the Products or the intellectual property rights therein, or (C) Echelon's rights to receive the payments under this Agreement.
(f) Distributor agrees to give Echelon prompt written notice of any law, decree or regulation covered by this Section 15 (e).
i) Upon termination of this Agreement, and subject to Echelon's right to require prepayment, Echelon may, but shall not be obligated to, fulfill all orders accepted by Echelon prior to the date of termination.
ii) If Echelon appoints an additional distributor for Volume Products in the Territory, and provided that Distributor then terminates the Agreement pursuant to Section 15 (b), Distributor shall have the right to cancel any scheduled deliveries of Products under the Initial Order that have scheduled delivery dates that are later than the date of Distributor's notice of termination.
Distributor. Termination shall not, however, relieve either party of obligations incurred prior to the termination.
ECHELON'S LIABILITY ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT AND/OR THE SALE OF ANY PRODUCT SHALL NOT EXCEED THE PRICE PAID BY DISTRIBUTOR FOR THE PRODUCT. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON BE LIABLE FOR COSTS OF PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS BY ANYONE. IN NO EVENT SHALL ECHELON BE LIABLE TO DISTRIBUTOR OR ANY OTHER ENTITY FOR ANY SPECIAL, CONSEQUENTIAL, INCIDENTAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES OR LOST PROFITS, HOWEVER CAUSED, WHETHER FOR BREACH OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE, AND WHETHER OR NOT ECHELON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. THESE LIMITATIONS SHALL APPLY NOTWITHSTANDING ANY FAILURE OF ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF ANY LIMITED REMEDY. THE ESSENTIAL PURPOSE OF THIS PROVISION IS TO LIMIT THE POTENTIAL LIABILITY OF ECHELON ARISING OUT OF THIS AGREEMENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF THE PRODUCTS.
i) Distributor agrees not to provide or otherwise make available any Software Copies, in any form, to any person other than employees of Distributor or Echelon or Distributor's customers in connection with the distribution of the Software or its demonstration (in accordance with Subsection 17 (b) below).
ii) Distributor acknowledges that the Software constitutes confidential and proprietary information of Echelon developed at substantial expense to Echelon. Distributor agrees to use the Software only as authorized herein, and to treat the Software with at least the degree of care and protection as its treats its own most confidential information, and Distributor represents and warrants that it takes reasonable measures to protect its own confidential information. Distributor agrees that Distributor will take appropriate action by instruction, agreement, or otherwise with Distributor's employees to satisfy Distributor's obligations under this Agreement with respect to use, copying, modification and protection and security of the Software. Distributor shall remain obligated, both during the term of this Agreement and thereafter, to hold in confidence its knowledge of the Software as a trade secret for the benefit of Echelon.
iii) Distributor acknowledges that by reason of its relationship with Echelon hereunder it will have access to certain other information and materials concerning the Products and Echelon's business, plans, customers and technology that are confidential and of substantial value to Echelon, which value would be impaired if such information were disclosed to third parties. Distributor agrees that it shall not use in any way for its own account or the account of any third party, nor disclose to any third party, any such confidential information revealed to it by Echelon. Distributor shall take every reasonable precaution to protect the confidentiality of such information, including, at the request of Echelon, the entry by Distributor's agents and employees into confidentiality agreements in a form approved by Echelon, prohibiting any disclosure to third parties of confidential information provided by Echelon. Distributor shall not publish any technical description of any Software or Product or other confidential information of Echelon beyond the description published by Echelon. In the event of termination or expiration of this Agreement, there shall be no use or disclosure by Distributor, its agents, or employees of any confidential information of Echelon, and Distributor shall not manufacture or have manufactured any products utilizing any of Echelon's confidential information. Distributor shall deliver to Echelon all copies within its possession or within its control of customer lists, catalogues, specifications, proposals, quotations, price lists, contracts and all other documents and data relating to the Products or the conduct of Echelon's business.
evaluation purposes; provided, that Distributor furnishes Echelon with an original copy of Echelon's Evaluation Agreement signed by the prospective customer. The Evaluation Agreement shall be either (i) in substantially the form attached hereto as Exhibit F (with a ten (10) business day evaluation period) or (ii) in substantially the form as furnished by Echelon (if Echelon in its sole discretion elects to approve any request for a different evaluation period). Distributor shall (i) use best efforts to ensure that the prospective customer performs its obligation at the end of the evaluation period to return the Product, any accompanying documentation and any materials developed by such customer relating to the Product, (ii) notify Echelon of any known breach of such Evaluation Agreement and (iii) provide Echelon with reasonable assistance in connection with the enforcement of such Evaluation Agreement, including, without limitation, granting Echelon full authority to proceed on Distributor's behalf. Echelon shall reimburse Distributor for its documented, pre-approved, out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with such assistance. Subject to the prior approval of Echelon, Distributor shall have the right to translate the Evaluation Agreement. Any such approval granted by Echelon shall be subject to the terms of Section 13 (e) above.
register any trademarks, service marks or trade names confusingly similar to those of Echelon.
in or with which any of the Products may be used but not covering the Products standing alone; (ii) any trademark infringements involving any marking or branding not applied by Echelon or involving any marking or branding applied at the request of Distributor; or (iii) the modification of the Products, or any part thereof, unless such modification was made by Echelon.
i) This Agreement shall be made in the English language, which language shall be controlling in all respects, and all versions hereof in any other language shall not be binding on the parties hereto. All communications and notices to be made or given pursuant to this Agreement shall be in the English language.
ii) The parties hereto confirm that it is their wish that this Agreement, as well as other documents relating hereto, including Notices, have been and shall be written in the English language only.
describing the dispute in sufficient detail to apprise the other party of the facts and legal theory upon which the demanding party bases its claim and stating the relief requested.
hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof, including, without limitation, any distribution and related agreements in effect as of the date hereof.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF the parties hereto have executed this Agreement as of the day and year first above written.
ECHELON CORPORATION
(Echelon) (Distributor)
By: /s/ Oliver R Stanfield By: /s/ Franz Wiedehann Oliver R Stanfield Franz Wiedehann (Print Name) (Print Name) Title: VP & CFO Title: SALES MNGR. |
Exhibit B
TERRITORY
European Economic Community, Switzerland, Norway, Poland, Czech Republic, Slovak Republic, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, the countries comprising the geographic area that was formerly the country of Yugoslavia, Russia, Belarus, Ukraine, Lithuania, Estonia, Latvia and Turkey.
Exhibit C
PAYMENT TERMS
Net thirty (30) days from date of the invoice
Exhibit D
SALES REPRESENTATIVE OBLIGATIONS
1. Pre-Sales Support. Distributor shall provide limited pre-sales support, including distributing Echelon's promotional materials, answering technical questions and expediting customer's completion of the applicable Software License Agreement.
2. Post-Sales Support. Distributor shall provide limited post-sales support. Customers requiring greater support will be directed by Distributor to contact Echelon for in-depth support during the initial warranty period and to contact Echelon with respect to entering into a support contract thereafter.
3. Transmittal Sheet. In order to receive a commission pursuant to Section
8 (g), the end user customer's order for the applicable Product(s) must be
received by Echelon with the Transmittal Sheet attached hereto.
Transmittal Sheet
Customer's Name and Address
Distributor's Name and Address
Exhibit E
ADDITIONAL MARKETING OBLIGATIONS
Distributor shall employ a minimum of eight (8) full time employees fully trained to sell the products in the Territory and exclusively employed therefor, including one (1) person each in Switzerland, the United Kingdom, a Nordic country, Denmark, France, and Benelux, and two (2) persons in Germany.
Exhibit F
EVALUATION AGREEMENT
Upon receipt by Distributor as identified below (the "Distributor") of this Agreement, signed and completed by the party identified below (the "Recipient"), Distributor shall provide Recipient with a copy of the Echelon product(s) listed below (the "Product(s)"). The Product(s) shall be furnished to Recipient solely for Recipient's internal use and evaluation for a period of ten (10) business days (the "Evaluation Period").
PRODUCT(S) NAME: __________________________________________________
The Recipient agrees that it is receiving a copy of the Product(s) for use only on a single computer. The Recipient may make up to one (1) additional copy only for back-up purposes. The Recipient agrees that all copies of the Product(s) and all intellectual property rights in and to the Product(s) are owned by Echelon Corporation ("Echelon") or its suppliers, that all copies will display Echelon's copyright notice, and that all copies will be strictly safeguarded against disclosure or use by persons not authorized by Echelon to use the Product(s). The Recipient agrees that unauthorized copying will cause great damage to Echelon or to any third party holding any right, title, or interest in the Product(s). The Recipient agrees that it will not distribute to any third party the Product(s), any portion thereof, or any program derived from the Product(s) without the prior written consent of Echelon. Recipient agrees that it will not modify, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the Product(s). THE PRODUCT(S) IS PROVIDED "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OR CONDITION OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS, IMPLIED OR STATUTORY, INCLUDING WITHOUT LIMITATION WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR ANY PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE RECIPIENT AGREES THAT NEITHER ECHELON, ITS SUBSIDIARIES, NOR ANYONE ELSE INVOLVED IN CREATING, PRODUCING, OR DELIVERING THE PRODUCT(S) SHALL BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INCIDENTAL DAMAGES RELATING TO THE PRODUCT(S), HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY. By the end of the Evaluation Period, Recipient shall either sign and return to Distributor the appropriate Product license agreement or deliver to Distributor all full or partial copies of the Product(s), accompanying documentation, and all other materials provided by Distributor or developed by Recipient relating to the Product(s). The parties acknowledge that Echelon and its subsidiaries are third party beneficiaries of this Agreement. This Agreement will be governed by California law (without reference to rules of conflicts of law). All disputes arising out of or in connection with this Agreement will be settled by binding arbitration in San Francisco, California under the rules of arbitration of the American Arbitration Association. Judgment on the arbitrator's award may be entered in any court having jurisdiction thereof. Notwithstanding the foregoing arbitration provision, Echelon may apply to any court of competent jurisdiction for injunctive relief. This Agreement may not be assigned without Echelon's or its subsidiary's consent. This Agreement is the entire agreement with respect to the subject matter hereof and may only be modified in writing. The Recipient agrees not to export or re-export , or cause to be exported or re-exported, the Product(s), or the direct product of such Product(s), to any country which, under the laws of the United States, Recipient is or might be prohibited from exporting its technology or the direct product thereof.
Distributor Recipient ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Signature Signature ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Name (Please Print) Name (Please Print) ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Company Company |
---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Address Address ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- City, State, Zip City, State, Zip ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Phone Number Phone Number ---------------------------------- ---------------------------------- Date Date Revised 07/15/96 |
Exhibit G
SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT
This Agreement is entered into between Echelon Corporation ("Echelon") and Distributor ("Licensee") on the following terms and conditions.
Echelon Corporation ("Echelon") grants to Licensee a non-exclusive, non- transferable license to use the copy of the applicable software delivered pursuant to the Agreement and any updates or upgrades thereto provided by Echelon according to the terms set forth below. If Echelon provides any software to Licensee as an update or upgrade to software which Licensee has previously licensed, then Licensee agrees to destroy all copies of the prior release of this software within thirty (30) days after opening the software package; provided, however, that Licensee may retain one copy of the prior release for backup, archival, and support purposes.
LICENSE
LICENSEE MAY:
a. install and use the software on only one computer or network node,
b. use the software only for demonstrating applications using Echelon's LonWorks(R) tools and components,
c. make one (1) copy of the software in machine readable form solely for backup purposes, provided that Licensee reproduces all proprietary notices on the copy, and
d. physically transfer the software from one computer or network node to another, provided that the software is removed from the computer or network node on which it was installed and is used on only one computer or network node at a time.
LICENSEE MAY NOT:
a. use the software on more than one computer or network node at a time or in a multi-user system,
b. modify, translate, reverse engineer, decompile, or disassemble the software (except to the extent that such acts may not be prohibited under applicable law),
c. copy the software (except for the backup copy ) or copy the accompanying documentation, or
d. rent, transfer, or grant any rights in the software or accompanying documentation in any form to any person without the prior written consent of Echelon, except as set forth in Section 17 of the Agreement.
This license is not a sale. Title and copyrights to the software, accompanying documentation, and any copy made by Licensee remain with Echelon. Unauthorized copying of the software or the accompanying documentation, or failure to comply with the above restrictions, will result in automatic termination of this license and will make available to Echelon other legal remedies.
LIMITED WARRANTY AND DISCLAIMER
ECHELON DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS, EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY, OR IN ANY COMMUNICATION WITH YOU, AND ECHELON SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIMS ANY IMPLIED WARRANTY OF MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE, OR NONINFRINGEMENT AND THEIR EQUIVALENTS. does not warrant that the operation of the software will be uninterrupted or error free or that the software will meet Licensee's specific requirements.
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY
IN NO EVENT WILL ECHELON BE LIABLE FOR LOSS OF DATA, LOST PROFITS, COST OF COVER, OR OTHER SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, CONSEQUENTIAL, OR INDIRECT DAMAGES ARISING FROM THE USE OF THE SOFTWARE OR ACCOMPANYING DOCUMENTATION, HOWEVER CAUSED
AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY. THIS LIMITATION WILL APPLY EVEN IF ECHELON HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE. LICENSEE ACKNOWLEDGES THAT THE AMOUNTS PAID BY LICENSEE FOR THE SOFTWARE REFLECT THIS ALLOCATION OF RISK.
GENERAL
This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, U.S.A. This Agreement is the entire agreement between us and supersedes any other communications or advertising with respect to the subject matter hereof. This Agreement may only be amended in writing signed by an officer of each party. The failure of Echelon to enforce any provision of this Agreement does not constitute a waiver of such provision. If any provision of this Agreement is held invalid, the remainder of this Agreement shall continue in full force and effect. Use, duplication , or disclosure by the U. S. Government is subject to restrictions set forth in subdivision (c)(1) (ii) of the rights in Technical Data and Computer Software clause at DFARS 252.227-7013. [Suzanne, please
check] Echelon and LonWorks are U.S. registered trademarks of Echelon Corporation. v. 071596 |
Exhibit H
REGULAR PRODUCTS, TARGET INVENTORY LEVELS AND VOLUME PRODUCTS
Regular Target or Volume Inventory Model Product Product Level --------- ------- ------- ----- ----------- 50051 FTT-10A Volume N/A 50040-01 LPT-10 Volume N/A 50090-02 PLT-21 Volume N/A 50100-01 PLT-30 Volume N/A 61000-100 RTR-10 Volume N/A -------------------------------------------------------------------- 50010-10 TPT/XP-78 Regular 1,800 50020-10 TPT/XF-1250 Regular 1,800 50080-02 PLT-10A Regular 20 53001-01 PLA-21 Amplifier Regular 20 55010-00 TP/XF-78 Module Regular 400 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 55010-10 TP/XF-78F Module Regular 20 55020-01 TP/FT-10 Module Regular 350 55020-10 TP/FT-10F Module Regular 1,000 55030-10 TP/XP-1250 Module Regular 40 56210-01 LPI-10 Module Regular 60 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 58020-01 LPI-10 Dev Kit Regular - 57010 PLCA-10 Comm Anal. Regular - 58021-2 PLCA-21 Comm Anal. Regular 1 57010-032 PLCA-30 Comm Anal. Regular 1 65100-100 LTM-10 Module Regular 500 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 65120 LTM-10 Mother Board Regular 5 65150-LxP LTM-10 Node T. Pair Regular 5 77010 TPM/XF-78 Regular 150 77030 TPM/XF-1250 Regular 60 77040 FTM-10 Regular 300 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 77050 TPM-RS485 Regular 100 77090 PLM-10 Regular 5 77161 PLM-21 Regular 30 77180 PLM-30 Regular 10 78200-110 PL-10 L/E, 120VAC Regular - -------------------------------------------------------------------- 78200-120 PL-10 L/E, 240VAC Regular - 78200-121 PL-10 L/N, 240VAC Regular - 78200-211 PL-20 L/E, 120VAC Regular - 78200-220 PL-20 L/E, 240VAC Regular 5 78200-221 PL-20 L/N, 240VAC Regular 30 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 78200-321 PL-30 L/N, 240VAC Regular 5 58030-01 Connectivity Starter Kit Regular 50 71000-11 Loa Works Roster (any) Regular 150 65200-100 LTS-10 SLTA Module Regular 125 65200-200 PSG-10 Regular 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 73000-3 PSG/2 Regular - 73000-1 SLTA/2 Regular - 73551 SLTA-10/FT-10 Regular 300 73353 SLTA-10/TP-1250 Regular 20 73100-11 PCLTA Single Channel Regular 10 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 73100-12 PCLTA Dual Channel Regular 5 73401 PCLTA-10/FT-10 Regular 200 73403 PCLTA-10/TP-1250 Regular 20 73200 PCC-10 PC Card Regular 75 78300 2-Conductor/XL Cable Regular 15 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 78301 15-Conductor Cable Regular 20 78302 2-Conductor Cable Regular 75 33100-00 15A Conductor Analyser Regular 3 33100-10 PCC-10 Conductor Analyser Regular 10 34000-100 NSS-10 Module Regular 5 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 35000-100 NSI-10 Module Regular 5 34100 PCNSS PC Interface Card Regular 20 35100 PCNSI PC Interface Card Regular 60 ----------- |
EXHIBIT 10.9
ECHELON CORPORATION
1998 DIRECTOR OPTION PLAN
All options granted hereunder shall be nonstatutory stock options.
(i) If the Common Stock is listed on any established stock exchange or a national market system, including without limitation the Nasdaq National Market or The Nasdaq SmallCap Market of The Nasdaq Stock Market, its Fair Market Value shall be the closing sales price for such stock (or the closing bid, if no sales were reported) as quoted on such exchange or system for the last market trading day prior to the time of determination as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Administrator deems reliable;
(ii) If the Common Stock is regularly quoted by a recognized securities dealer but selling prices are not reported, the Fair Market Value of a Share of Common Stock shall be the mean between the high bid and low asked prices for the Common Stock for the last market trading day prior to the time of determination, as reported in The Wall Street Journal or such other source as the Board deems reliable; or
(iii) In the absence of an established market for the Common Stock, the Fair Market Value thereof shall be determined in good faith by the Board. Notwithstanding the foregoing, with respect to any Options granted upon the effective date of the IPO, as set forth in Section 4 below, the Fair Market Value shall be the price as it appears in the final prospectus relating to the IPO.
If an Option expires or becomes unexercisable without having been exercised in full, the unpurchased Shares which were subject thereto shall become available for future grant or sale under the Plan (unless the Plan has terminated). Shares that have actually been issued under the Plan shall not be returned to the Plan and shall not become available for future distribution under the Plan.
(i) Each Outside Director shall be automatically granted an Option to purchase 25,000 Shares (the "First Option") on the date on which such person first becomes an Outside Director (provided such date is after May 29, 1998), whether through election by the stockholders of the Company or appointment by the Board to fill a vacancy; provided, however, that an Inside Director who ceases to be an Inside Director but who remains a Director shall not receive a First Option.
(iii) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsections (i) and (ii) hereof, any exercise of an Option granted before the Company has obtained stockholder approval of the Plan in accordance with Section 16 hereof shall be conditioned upon obtaining such stockholder approval of the Plan in accordance with Section 16 hereof.
(iv) The terms of a First Option granted hereunder shall be as follows:
(A) the term of the First Option shall be ten (10) years.
(B) the First Option shall be exercisable only while the Outside Director remains a Director of the Company, except as set forth in Sections 8 and 10 hereof.
(C) the exercise price per Share shall be 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant of the First Option.
(D) subject to Sections 8 and 10 hereof, the First Option shall become exercisable as to 25% percent of the Shares subject to the First Option on each anniversary of its date of grant, provided that the Optionee continues to serve as a Director on such dates.
(v) The terms of a Subsequent Option granted hereunder shall be as follows:
(A) the term of the Subsequent Option shall be ten (10)
years.
(B) the Subsequent Option shall be exercisable only while the Outside Director remains a Director of the Company, except as set forth in Sections 8 and 10 hereof.
(C) the exercise price per Share shall be 100% of the Fair Market Value per Share on the date of grant of the Subsequent Option.
(D) subject to Sections 8 and 10 hereof, the Subsequent Option shall become exercisable as to 25% percent of the Shares subject to the Subsequent Option on each anniversary of its date of grant, provided that the Optionee continues to serve as a Director on such dates.
(vi) In the event that any Option granted under the Plan would cause the number of Shares subject to outstanding Options plus the number of Shares previously purchased under Options to exceed the Pool, then the remaining Shares available for Option grant shall be granted under Options to the Outside Directors on a pro rata basis. No further grants shall be made until such time, if any, as additional Shares become available for grant under the Plan through action of the Board or the stockholders to increase the number of Shares which may be issued under the Plan or through cancellation or expiration of Options previously granted hereunder.
6. Term of Plan. The Plan shall become effective upon the effective date of the IPO. It shall continue in effect for a term of ten (10) years unless sooner terminated under Section 11 of the Plan.
An Option may not be exercised for a fraction of a Share.
An Option shall be deemed to be exercised when written notice of such exercise has been given to the Company in accordance with the terms of the Option by the person entitled to exercise the Option and full payment for the Shares with respect to which the Option is exercised has been received by the Company. Full payment may consist of any consideration and method of payment allowable under Section 7 of the Plan. Until the issuance (as evidenced by the appropriate entry on the books of the Company or of a duly authorized transfer agent of the Company) of the stock certificate evidencing such Shares, no right to vote or receive dividends or any other rights as a stockholder shall exist with respect to the Optioned Stock, notwithstanding the exercise of the Option. A share certificate for the number of Shares so acquired shall be issued to the Optionee as soon as practicable after exercise of the Option. No adjustment shall be made for a dividend or other right for which the record date is prior to the date the stock certificate is issued, except as provided in Section 10 of the Plan.
Exercise of an Option in any manner shall result in a decrease in the number of Shares which thereafter may be available, both for purposes of the Plan and for sale under the Option, by the number of Shares as to which the Option is exercised.
estate or a person who acquired the right to exercise such Option does not exercise such Option (to the extent otherwise so entitled) within the time specified herein, the Option shall terminate.
Option or option shall become fully exercisable, including as to Shares for which it would not otherwise be exercisable. Thereafter, the Option or option shall remain exercisable in accordance with Sections 8(b) through (e) above.
If the Successor Corporation does not assume an outstanding Option or substitute for it an equivalent option, the Option shall become fully vested and exercisable, including as to Shares for which it would not otherwise be exercisable. In such event the Board shall notify the Optionee that the Option shall be fully exercisable for a period of thirty (30) days from the date of such notice, and upon the expiration of such period the Option shall terminate.
For the purposes of this Section 10(c), an Option shall be considered assumed if, following the merger or sale of assets, the Option confers the right to purchase or receive, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option immediately prior to the merger or sale of assets, the consideration (whether stock, cash, or other securities or property) received in the merger or sale of assets by holders of Common Stock for each Share held on the effective date of the transaction (and if holders were offered a choice of consideration, the type of consideration chosen by the holders of a majority of the outstanding Shares). If such consideration received in the merger or sale of assets is not solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent, the Administrator may, with the consent of the successor corporation, provide for the consideration to be received upon the exercise of the Option, for each Share of Optioned Stock subject to the Option, to be solely common stock of the successor corporation or its Parent equal in fair market value to the per share consideration received by holders of Common Stock in the merger or sale of assets.
which the Shares may then be listed, and shall be further subject to the approval of counsel for the Company with respect to such compliance.
As a condition to the exercise of an Option, the Company may require the person exercising such Option to represent and warrant at the time of any such exercise that the Shares are being purchased only for investment and without any present intention to sell or distribute such Shares, if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such a representation is required by any of the aforementioned relevant provisions of law.
Inability of the Company to obtain authority from any regulatory body having jurisdiction, which authority is deemed by the Company's counsel to be necessary to the lawful issuance and sale of any Shares hereunder, shall relieve the Company of any liability in respect of the failure to issue or sell such Shares as to which such requisite authority shall not have been obtained.
EXHIBIT 21.1
Echelon Corporation
Echelon BV
Echelon Europe Ltd.
Echelon France
Echelon GmbH
Echelon Italia
Echelon Asia-Pacific
Echelon Japan K.K.
Echelon Korea
ARTICLE 5 |
THIS SCHEDULE CONTAINS SUMMARY FINANCIAL INFORMATION EXTRACTED FROM ECHELON CORPORATION AND IS QUALIFIED IN ITS ENTIRETY BY REFERENCE TO SUCH FINANCIAL STATEMENTS. |
MULTIPLIER: 1,000 |
PERIOD TYPE | 3 MOS | 12 MOS |
FISCAL YEAR END | DEC 31 1998 | DEC 31 1997 |
PERIOD START | JAN 01 1998 | JAN 01 1997 |
PERIOD END | MAR 31 1998 | DEC 31 1997 |
CASH | 5,165 | 7,853 |
SECURITIES | 0 | 0 |
RECEIVABLES | 5,343 | 4,372 |
ALLOWANCES | (857) | (562) |
INVENTORY | 3,176 | 2,444 |
CURRENT ASSETS | 1,382 | 1,196 |
PP&E | 8,695 | 8,687 |
DEPRECIATION | (7,209) | (7,174) |
TOTAL ASSETS | 15,695 | 16,816 |
CURRENT LIABILITIES | 6,833 | 6,420 |
BONDS | 0 | 0 |
PREFERRED MANDATORY | 0 | 0 |
PREFERRED | 79 | 79 |
COMMON | 192 | 188 |
OTHER SE | 7,211 | 8,533 |
TOTAL LIABILITY AND EQUITY | 15,695 | 16,816 |
SALES | 7,188 | 24,665 |
TOTAL REVENUES | 7,959 | 28,302 |
CGS | 3,249 | 11,761 |
TOTAL COSTS | 3,792 | 13,571 |
OTHER EXPENSES | 5,924 | 0 |
LOSS PROVISION | 0 | 0 |
INTEREST EXPENSE | (75) | (497) |
INCOME PRETAX | (1,682) | (8,025) |
INCOME TAX | 55 | 189 |
INCOME CONTINUING | (1,737) | (8,214) |
DISCONTINUED | 0 | 0 |
EXTRAORDINARY | 0 | 0 |
CHANGES | 0 | 0 |
NET INCOME | (1,737) | (8,214) |
EPS PRIMARY | (0.09) | (0.44) |
EPS DILUTED | (0.09) | (0.44) |