As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 18, 2012
1933 Act Registration No. 333-122847
1940 Act Registration No. 811-21715
 
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C.  20549
 
FORM N-1A
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933
[ X ]
 
Pre-Effective Amendment No.
 
[    ]
 
 
Post-Effective Amendment No.
11
[ X ]
 
     
and/or
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940
[ X ]
   
13
[ X ]
 

(Check appropriate box or boxes)
 

 
Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds
 (Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
c/o Neuberger Berman Management LLC
605 Third Avenue, 2nd Floor
New York, New York 10158-0180
(Address of Principal Executive Offices)
 
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code:  (212) 476-8800
 
Robert Conti
Chief Executive Officer and President
Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds
c/o Neuberger Berman Management LLC
605 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor
New York, New York 10158-0180
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
 
With copies to:
 
Arthur C. Delibert, Esq.
K&L Gates LLP
1601 K Street, N.W.
Washington, D.C.  20006-1600
 


 
Approximate Date of Proposed Public Offering: Continuous

It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box):
 
 
immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
on _______________ pursuant to paragraph (b)
 
60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
 
on _______________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
X
75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
 
on _______________ pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)

If appropriate, check the following box:
 
this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.

Title of Securities Being Registered:  Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares of Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund

 
 

 

 
Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds
 
CONTENTS OF POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 11 ON FORM N-1A
 
This Post-Effective Amendment consists of the following papers and documents.
 
Cover Sheet
 
Contents of Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 on Form N-1A
 
Part A – Prospectus
 
Part B - Statement of Additional Information
 
Part C - Other Information
 
Signature Pages
 
Exhibit Index
 
Exhibits
 
This registration statement does not affect the registration of any series or any class of a series of the Registrant not included herein.
 
 
 
 

 

 
 
This information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective.  This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state is which the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
Subject to Completion
Preliminary Prospectus Dated January 18, 2012
 
 
 
Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds
 
 
CLASS A, CLASS C AND INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Class A — [  ]
Class C — [  ]
Institutional Class — [  ]
 
 
 
 
 
 
Prospectus [  ]
 
 
These securities, like the securities of all mutual funds, have not been approved or disapproved by the Securities and Exchange Commission, and the Securities and Exchange Commission has not determined if this prospectus is accurate or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
 
 

 
Contents
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
Fund Summary
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
2
Descriptions of Certain Practices and Security Types
13
Additional Information about Principal Investment Risks
14
Information about Additional Potential Principal Investment Strategies
23
Information About Risks of Additional Potential Principal Investment Strategies
24
Information about Additional Risks
25
Management of the Fund
26
Financial Highlights
29
   
YOUR INVESTMENT
 
Choosing a Share Class
30
Maintaining Your Account
31
Share Prices
36
Privileges and Services
37
Sales Charges
37
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
39
Distributions and Taxes
40
Grandfathered Investors
42
Buying Shares – Grandfathered Investors
44
Selling Shares – Grandfathered Investors
45
Market Timing Policy
46
Portfolio Holdings Policy
46
Fund Structure
46
 
 
1
 
 
 

 
Fund Summary
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Class A Shares (  ), Class C Shares (  ), Institutional Class Shares (  )
 
 
GOAL
The Fund seeks capital appreciation with an emphasis on absolute (i.e., positive) returns.
 
FEES AND EXPENSES
These tables describe the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy, hold or sell shares of the Fund. You may qualify for initial sales charge discounts if you and your family invest, or agree to invest in the future, at least $50,000 in Neuberger Berman funds. More information about these and other discounts is available from your investment provider and in “Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers” on page [  ] in the Fund’s prospectus and in “Additional Purchase Information – Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers” on page [  ] in the Fund’s SAI.
 
 
Class A
Class C
Class I
Shareholder Fees
( fees paid directly from your
investment)
     
Maximum initial sales charge on
purchases (as a % of offering price)
5.75
None
None
Maximum contingent deferred sales
charge (as a % of the lower of
original purchase price or current
market value) 1
None
1.00
None
Annual Fund Operating Expenses
(expenses that you pay each year as
a % of the value of your investment)
     
Management fees
2.26
2.26
2.15
Distribution (12b-1) fees
0.25
1.00
None
Other expenses 2
0.72
0.72
0.72
Total annual operating expenses
3.23
3.98
2.87
Fee waiver and/or expense
reimbursement
0.41
0.41
0.41
Total annual operating expenses
after fee waiver and/or expense
reimbursement 3
2.82
3.57
2.46
 
Example
 
The expense example can help you compare costs among mutual funds. The example assumes that you invested $10,000 for the periods shown, that the Fund earned a hypothetical 5% total return each year, and that the Fund’s expenses were those in the table. For Class A and Institutional Class shares, your costs would be the same whether you sold your shares or continued to hold them at the end of each period. Actual performance and expenses may be higher or lower.
 
 
1 Year
   
3 Years
Class A
$844
   
$1,399
Class C (assuming redemption)
$460
   
$1,094
Class C (assuming no redemption)
$360
   
$1,094
Institutional Class
$249
   
$767

1
For Class A shares, a CDSC of 1.00% applies on certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of $1 million or more made without an initial sales charge. For Class C shares, the CDSC is eliminated one year after purchase.
   
2
“Other expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
   
3
Neuberger Berman Management LLC (NBM) has contractually undertaken to forgo current payment of fees and/or reimburse certain expenses of Class A, Class C and Institutional Class so that the total annual operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend expenses on short sales, and extraordinary expenses, if any) of each class are limited to 2.81%, 3.56% and 2.45% of average net assets, respectively. Each of these undertakings lasts until [  ]. The Fund has agreed that each of Class A, Class C and Institutional Class will repay NBM for fees and expenses forgone or reimbursed for the class provided that repayment does not cause annual operating expenses to exceed 2.81%, 3.56% and 2.45% of the class’ average net assets, respectively. Any such repayment must be made within three years after the year in which NBM incurred the expense.

 
2 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 

 
Portfolio Turnover
 
The Fund pays transaction costs, such as commissions, when it buys and sells securities (or “turns over” its portfolio). A higher portfolio turnover rate may indicate higher transaction costs and may result in higher taxes when Fund shares are held in a taxable account. These costs, which are not reflected in annual operating expenses or in the example, affect the Fund’s performance.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
The Fund seeks to achieve its goal by allocating its assets to multiple subadvisers that employ a variety of investment strategies. The Portfolio Managers at NB Alternative Investment Management LLC (“NBAIM" or the "Adviser”) are responsible for determining the amount of Fund assets to allocate to each subadviser. The Portfolio Managers allocate Fund assets to subadvisers whose strategies the Portfolio Managers believe, when combined to form a single portfolio, can provide attractive risk-adjusted returns over the long term.
 
The Portfolio Managers allocate Fund assets among subadvisers in an effort to provide for overall investment diversification with the aim of decreasing the Fund’s sensitivity to market fluctuations. The Portfolio Managers review a range of qualitative and quantitative factors when determining the allocations to subadvisers, including each subadviser’s investment style and historical performance, and the holdings in the subadviser’s allocated assets.
 
The investment strategies that will be used by the subadvisers provide the Fund with investment exposure to: (i) equity securities of companies of any market capitalization throughout the world (including the U.S.), which may include common and preferred stocks, convertible securities, rights and warrants to purchase common stock and depositary receipts, Exchange Traded Funds (“ETFs”) and partnership interests; (ii) debt securities, which may include debt securities of governments throughout the world (including the U.S.) as well as their agencies and/or instrumentalities, debt securities of corporations throughout the world (including the U.S.) below investment grade debt securities (commonly known as “junk bonds”) and convertible bonds; and (iii) foreign currencies.
 
While the Fund will invest mainly in securities, the Fund also may use derivatives. The Fund primarily may use three categories of derivatives: (i) futures contracts based on indices, currencies and/or U.S. government bonds; (ii) swaps, such as credit default swaps, total return swaps and/or interest rate swaps (including constant maturity swaps); and (iii) call and put options on securities and indices including writing (selling) calls against positions in the portfolio (“covered calls”) or writing (selling) puts on securities and indices. Any of these derivatives may be used in an effort to enhance returns or manage and/or adjust the risk profile of the Fund or the risk of individual positions, except that futures contracts on currencies will primarily be used for hedging purposes. A subadviser may choose not to hedge its positions.
 
The Portfolio Managers intend to allocate the Fund’s assets among the following strategies:
 
Long/Short Equity: This strategy takes long and short positions in equity securities issued by companies across all market capitalizations, in both the U.S. and non-U.S. markets based on whether the subadviser believes the securities are likely to increase or decrease in value, respectively. The equity securities in which this strategy may invest include common stock, convertible securities, preferred stock, partnership interests, options, and warrants. Some subadvisers may focus on certain sectors of the market. It is currently anticipated that one subadviser will focus its long/short equity strategy on the health care sector, while others may invest across any sectors they find attractive.
 
Event-Driven: These are a broad category of investment strategies based on announced or anticipated events or a series of events and invest in the securities of companies that could be affected by the occurrence of such events. The types of Event Driven Strategies that the Fund will utilize are:
 
- Stressed and Distressed Debt: This strategy involves investing in the debt of companies experiencing financial or operational difficulties of the sort that often lead to bankruptcies or corporate reorganizations. The debt securities of these companies generally trade at a substantial discount to par value, which may not always reflect a careful analysis of the companies’ assets or prospects.
 
3 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 
 

 

Subadvisers seek to take advantage of their experience in the bankruptcy process by attempting to take advantage of (1) incorrect valuations by investors between the current price and the subadvisers’ estimate of the value of the debt, based in part on the subadvisers’ involvement in the bankruptcy process and (2) price disparities in relation to comparable securities.
 
- Merger (Risk) Arbitrage: This strategy consists primarily of making investments that the subadviser expects will benefit from the successful completion of a merger or acquisition. The subadviser typically buys the stock of a target company after a merger is announced at a price slightly below the takeover price offered. A profit is made if and when the merger is completed at the offered price or higher. In addition, in stock swap mergers, the subadviser may sell or take a short position in the stock of the acquiring company either to reduce risk or on the theory that if and when the merger is completed, any difference between the price of the target company’s stock and the value of the acquiring company’s stock being exchanged for the target company’s stock will be eliminated. If the subadviser believes an announced or widely anticipated merger is unlikely to be completed, it may take the opposite positions. Most subadvisers only invest in announced transactions but some subadvisers may also invest in anticipation of transactions. It is currently anticipated that the subadvisers will invest in announced transactions and anticipated transactions.
 
- Equity Restructurings: This strategy involves examining companies for the prospect of a variety of potential restructurings. The subadviser takes either a long or a short position in equity securities of these companies. Typical restructurings may include: holding company arbitrage (i.e., attempting to take advantage of apparent disparities between the prices of a holding company’s stock and the prices of any listed companies it may hold), spin-offs, stub trades, recapitalizations and share buybacks.
 
Capital Structure Arbitrage: This strategy involves establishing long and/or short positions in different securities within a single company’s capital structure (e.g., long senior notes and short subordinated bonds). This type of trading involves the determination by the subadviser that the market is mispricing different classes of securities relative to one another, so the subadviser establishes a short position in the security thought to be overvalued and a long position in the security thought to be undervalued.
 
In the future, the Portfolio Managers may also allocate the Fund’s assets to the following strategy:
 
Credit Long Short: This strategy primarily involves taking long and short positions in U.S. dollar denominated fixed-income corporate securities that are below investment grade (commonly called “junk bonds”). Below investment grade securities are defined by the Fund as those debt securities that, at the time of investment, are rated BB or lower by Standard & Poor’s, Ba or lower by Moody’s Investors Service, or comparably rated by at least one independent credit rating agency or, if unrated, deemed by the subadviser to be of comparable quality. The subadviser will take long positions that it believes offer the potential for attractive returns and in the aggregate have the potential to outperform the market, as represented by an appropriate index. The subadviser will take short positions that it believes in the aggregate have the potential to underperform the market, as represented by that same index. The subadviser may also invest in a broad range of investments, including, but not limited to, common stock, preferred stock, convertible debt, loans, loan participations, trade claims, non-U.S. securities, private placements and credit default swaps. It is currently anticipated that the Portfolio Managers will not allocate any assets to the subadviser that will use this strategy until the Fund’s assets are above $125 million.
 
The Adviser may also allocate the Fund's assets to certain additional strategies in the future.  For more information about these potential additional strategies, please see the section entitled "Information About Additional Potential Principal Investment Strategies." There is no assurance that any or all of these additional strategies will be added in the future.
 
*****
 
Based on its ongoing evaluation of the subadvisers, the Portfolio Managers may adjust allocations among subadvisers, terminate an existing subadviser or recommend to the Fund’s Board of Trustees that a new subadviser be hired. In recommending new subadvisers to the Fund’s Board of Trustees, the Portfolio Managers consider numerous factors, including, but not limited to, the subadviser’s investment style, the reputation of the subadviser, the depth and experience of its investment team, the demonstrated ability of the subadviser to implement its investment strategies, the consistency of past returns, and the subadviser’s policies and procedures to monitor and take into account risk.
 
When the Portfolio Managers or a subadviser anticipates adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, or receives large cash inflows, the Fund may temporarily depart from its goal and invest in cash or cash equivalent instruments or leave a
 
4 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 

 
significant portion of its assets uninvested for defensive purposes. The Adviser retains investment discretion to invest Fund assets directly and may do so for defensive purposes or in the event a subadviser is terminated and a new subadviser has not yet been hired. When the Portfolio Managers are making direct investments for the Fund they will invest primarily in ETFs and affiliated and unaffiliated registered investment companies. The Portfolio Managers may also use put options including purchasing puts on security indices and put spreads on indices (i.e., buying and selling an equal number of puts on the same index with differing strike prices or expiration dates) and futures contracts based on indices for defensive purposes. Doing so could help the Fund avoid losses, but may mean lost opportunities. In addition, different factors could affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its goal. The Fund currently expects to use money market mutual funds for this purpose.
 
The Fund may change its goal without shareholder approval, although it does not currently intend to do so.
 
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT RISKS
 
Most of the Fund’s performance depends on what happens in the equity and fixed income markets. The Fund’s use of short sales, derivative instruments and when-issued securities will result in leverage which amplifies the risks that are associated with these markets. The markets’ behavior is unpredictable, particularly in the short term. There can be no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
 
A subadviser may use strategies intended to protect against losses (i.e., hedged strategies), but there is no guarantee that such hedged strategies will be used or, if used, that they will protect against losses, perform better than non-hedged strategies or provide consistent returns.
 
The actual risk exposure taken by the Fund in its investment program will vary over time, depending on various factors including, but not limited to, the Adviser’s allocation decisions. There can be no guarantee that the Adviser or the subadvisers will be successful in their attempts to manage the risk exposure of the Fund.
 
The Fund is a mutual fund, not a bank deposit, and is not guaranteed or insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any other government agency. The value of your investment may fall, sometimes sharply, and you could lose money by investing in the Fund.
 
The following factors can significantly affect the Fund’s performance.
 
Market Volatility. Markets are volatile and values of individual securities and other instruments can decline significantly in response to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market or economic developments that may cause broad changes in market value. To the extent that the Fund sells a portfolio position before it reaches its market peak, it may miss out on opportunities for higher performance. Market volatility may disrupt a subadviser’s investment program if it abruptly changes pricing relationships on which the subadviser was basing an arbitrage strategy. Similarly, it may disrupt event-driven strategies if abrupt changes cause the parties to alter or abandon the event on which a subadviser was basing its investment strategy.
 
Market Direction Risk. Since the Fund will typically hold both long and short positions, an investment in the Fund will involve market risks associated with different types of investment decisions than those made for a typical “long only” fund. The Fund’s results could suffer both when there is a general market advance and the Fund holds significant “short” positions, or when there is a general market decline when the Fund holds significant “long” positions. In recent years, the markets have shown considerable volatility from day to day and even in intra-day trading.
 
Issuer-Specific Risk. The value of an individual security or particular type of security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole.
 
The Fund is considered non-diversified. As such, the percentage of the Fund’s assets invested in any single issuer is not limited by the Investment Company Act of 1940. Investing a higher percentage of its assets in any one issuer could increase the Fund’s risk of loss and its share price volatility, because the value of its shares would be more susceptible to adverse events affecting that issuer.
 

 
5 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 

 
 
Market Capitalization Risk. To the extent the Fund emphasizes small-, mid-, or large-cap stocks, it takes on the associated risks. Compared to small- and mid-cap companies, large-cap companies may be less responsive to changes and opportunities. At times, the stocks of larger companies may lag other types of stocks in performance. The stocks of small- and mid-cap companies are often more volatile and less liquid than the stocks of larger companies and may be more affected than other types of stocks by the underperformance of a sector or during market downturns. Compared to large-cap companies, small- and mid-cap companies may have a shorter history of operations, and may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources.
 
Sector Risk. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in particular sectors, its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors. Individual sectors may move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events.
 
Because one subadviser invests primarily in securities of companies in the health care sector, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a downturn in that sector. Health care companies can be adversely affected by, among other things, legislative or regulatory changes, competitive challenges, government approval or non-approval of products and services, and product obsolescence. They are also sensitive to political trends, actual and perceived, that may presage legislative or regulatory changes. Biotechnology and related companies can be adversely affected by, among other things, patent considerations, intense competition, rapid technology change and obsolescence, and regulatory requirements of various federal and state agencies. In addition, some of these companies have thinly traded securities and the stock prices of these companies may be very volatile.
 
Short Sale Risk. Short sales involve selling a security the Fund does not own in anticipation that the security’s price will decline. Short sales may help hedge against general market risk to the securities held in the portfolio but theoretically present unlimited risk on an individual stock basis, since the Fund may be required to buy the security sold short at a time when the security has appreciated in value. Because the Fund may invest the proceeds of a short sale, another effect of short selling on the Fund is similar to the effect of leverage, in that it amplifies changes in the Fund’s NAV since it increases the exposure of the Fund to the market.
 
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at a favorable time and price. If the Fund covers its short sale at an unfavorable price, the cover transaction is likely to reduce or eliminate any gain, or cause a loss to the Fund.
 
When the Fund is selling a security short, it must maintain a segregated account of cash or high-grade securities equal to the margin requirement. In addition to using its cash or other liquid assets (such as U.S. Treasury bills, money market accounts, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit, high quality commercial paper and long equity positions), the Fund may utilize borrowings or the collateral obtained from securities lending for this cash.
 
Event-Driven Strategies Risk. Investing in companies in anticipation of an event carries the risk that the event may not happen or may take considerable time to unfold, it may happen in modified or conditional form, or the market may react differently than expected to the event, in which case the Fund may experience losses. Certain events, such as companies emerging from, or restructuring as a result of, bankruptcy, carry additional risks because of the issuer’s financial fragility and the likelihood that its management has little experience with bankruptcy, and the securities of such companies may be more likely to lose value than the securities of more financially stable companies. In general, event driven strategies may fail if the subadviser is unable to obtain adequate information about the event or does not properly analyze the information available. The actions of other market participants may also disrupt the events on which the Fund’s strategy depends.
 
Multi-Manager Risk. Fund performance is dependent upon the success of the Adviser and the subadvisers in implementing the Fund’s investment strategies in pursuit of its objective. To a significant extent, the Fund’s performance will depend on the success of the Adviser’s methodology in allocating the Fund’s assets to subadvisers and its selection and oversight of the subadvisers. The subadvisers’ investment styles may not always be complementary, which could adversely affect the performance of the Fund. Some subadvisers have little experience managing registered investment companies which, unlike
 
6 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 

 
the hedge funds these managers have been managing, are subject to daily inflows and outflows of investor cash and are subject to certain legal and tax-related restrictions on their investments and operations.
 
Arbitrage Strategies Risks. Arbitrage strategies involve the risk that underlying relationships between securities in which investment positions are taken may change in an adverse manner or in a manner not anticipated by the subadviser, in which case the Fund may realize losses.
 
Absolute Return Risk. The Fund’s returns may deviate from overall market returns to a greater degree than other mutual funds that do not employ an absolute return focus. Thus, the Fund might not benefit as much as funds following other strategies during periods of strong market performance. Also, the employment of hedging strategies, if any, to mitigate risk may cause the Fund’s returns to be lower than if hedging had not been employed.
 
Special Situations Risk. The Fund’s use of event-driven and arbitrage strategies will cause it to invest in actual or anticipated special situations – i.e., acquisitions, spin-offs, reorganizations and liquidations, tender offers and bankruptcies. These transactions may not be completed as the subadviser anticipates or may take an excessive amount of time to be completed. They may also be completed on different terms than the subadviser anticipates, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Some special situations are sufficiently uncertain that the Fund may lose its entire investment in the situation.
 
Derivatives Risk. Derivatives involve risks different from, or greater than, those associated with more traditional investments. Derivatives can be highly complex, can create investment leverage and may be highly volatile, and the Fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Derivatives may be difficult to value and may at times be highly illiquid, and the Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative position at a particular time or at an anticipated price. Recent legislation calls for new regulation of the derivatives markets and could limit the Fund’s ability to pursue its investment strategies. The extent and impact of the regulation are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. New regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance.
 
Counterparty Risk. The Fund’s investments in derivatives involve, in addition to the risks posed by the markets and individual issuers, the risks associated with the Fund’s exposure to its counterparties. The Fund’s investments in the futures markets also introduce the risk that its futures commission merchant (“FCM”) could default on an obligation set forth in an agreement between the Fund and the FCM, including the FCM’s obligation to return margin posted in connection with the Fund’s futures contracts.
 
Leverage Risk. Leverage amplifies changes in the Fund’s NAV. Derivative instruments, short positions, securities lending and when-issued securities that the Fund uses create leverage and can result in losses to the Fund that exceed the amount originally invested. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of leverage will be successful. It is currently expected that the Fund’s investment program will have the effect of leveraging the Fund, sometimes by a significant amount.
 
Options Risk. The use of options involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. If the subadviser applies a strategy at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions or trends incorrectly, options may lower the Fund’s return. There can be no guarantee that the use of options will increase the Fund’s return or income.
 
Writing (selling) a call option obligates the Fund to sell the underlying security to a purchaser at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund receives a premium when it writes a call option. A call option is “covered” if the Fund simultaneously holds an equivalent position in the security underlying the option. When the Fund writes a covered call option, it assumes the risk that it must sell the underlying security at a price that may be lower than the market price of the security, and it gives up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price.
 
Writing (selling) a put option obligates the Fund to acquire the underlying security from a purchaser of the option at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund receives a premium when it writes a put option. When
 
7 Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 
 

 
the Fund writes a put option, it assumes the risk that it must purchase the underlying security at a price that may be higher than the market price of the security.
 
In addition, there may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of options and the securities underlying them and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for various options.
 
Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general, a convertible security is subject to the risks of stocks (and its price may be as volatile as that of the underlying stock) when the underlying stock’s price is high relative to the conversion price and is subject to the risks of debt securities (and is particularly sensitive to changes in interest rates) when the underlying stock’s price is low relative to the conversion price. Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities. In addition, because companies that issue convertible securities are often small- or mid-cap companies, to the extent the Fund invests in convertible securities, it will be subject to the risks of investing in these companies.
 
Foreign Risk. Foreign securities, including the securities issued by foreign governments, involve risks in addition to those associated with comparable U.S. securities. Additional risks include exposure to less developed or less efficient trading markets; social, political or economic instability; fluctuations in foreign currencies; nationalization or expropriation of assets; settlement, custodial or other operational risks; and less stringent auditing and legal standards. As a result, foreign securities can fluctuate more widely in price, and may also be less liquid, than comparable U.S. securities. World markets, or those in a particular region, may all react in similar fashion to important economic or political developments. In addition, foreign markets can perform differently than the U.S. market. Following the market turmoil of 2008-2009, some national economies continue to show profound instability, which may in turn affect their international trading partners.
 
Currency Risk. Currency fluctuations could negatively impact investment gains or add to investment losses.
 
Currency Transaction Risk. Non-U.S. currency forward contracts, options, swaps, or other derivatives contracts on non-U.S. currencies involve a risk of loss if currency exchange rates move against the Fund. Forward contracts are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse and a default by the counterparty may result in a loss to the Fund. Governmental authorities may impose credit controls to limit the level of forward trading to the detriment of the Fund. Neither the U.S. Commodities Future Trading Commission nor the U.S. banking authorities regulate forward currency transactions through banks. In respect of such trading, the Fund is subject to the risk of bank failure or the inability of or refusal by a bank to perform with respect to such contracts.
 
Interest Rate Risk. The Fund’s total return and share price will fluctuate in response to changes in interest rates. Generally, the value of investments with interest rate risk, such as fixed income securities, will move inversely to movements in interest rates. In general, the longer the maturity or duration of a fixed income security, the greater the effect a change in interest rates could have on the security’s price. Thus, the Fund’s sensitivity to interest rate risk will increase with any increase in the Fund’s overall duration. Also, because many investors buy stocks and derivatives with borrowed money, an increase in interest rates can cause a decline in those markets as well. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years.
 
Prepayment and Extension Risk. The Fund’s performance could be affected if unexpected interest rate trends cause the Fund’s mortgage- or asset-backed securities to be paid off earlier or later than expected, shortening or lengthening their duration.
 
Call Risk. When interest rates are low, issuers will often repay the obligation underlying a “callable security” early, in which case the Fund may have to reinvest the proceeds in an investment offering a lower yield and may not benefit from any increase in value that might otherwise result from declining interest rates.
 
Credit Risk. A downgrade or default affecting any of the Fund’s securities could affect the Fund’s performance.
 
Lower-Rated Debt Securities Risk. Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield than investment grade debt securities and may fall in
 
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price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. Lower-rated debt securities carry a greater risk that the issuer of such securities will default in the timely payment of principal and interest. Issuers of securities that are in default may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment.
 
Risks of Interests in Loans. Loans generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and the Fund may be unable to sell loans at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at prices that are less than their fair market value. The Fund may find it difficult to establish a fair value for loans held by it. There is a risk that the value of the collateral securing a loan may decline after the Fund invests and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, in the event of a default, second lien secured loans will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral is sufficient to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to the first lien secured lenders and even then, the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. If the Fund acquires a participation interest in a loan, the Fund may not be able to control the exercise of any remedies that the lender would have under the loan and likely would not have any rights against the borrower directly. Loans made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions may be especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions.
 
Trade Claims Risk. Trade claims generally include claims of suppliers for goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments which generally do not pay interest and are typically unsecured and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding.
 
Distressed Securities Risk. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for distressed securities or other instruments. The prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above average price volatility and it may be more difficult to value such securities. The Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment in distressed securities or it may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment.
 
Risks of Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”). CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield, and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease of market value due to collateral defaults and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CLOs depend largely on the type of the underlying loans and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. In addition, CLOs carry risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk.
 
U.S. Government Securities Risk. Although the Fund may hold securities that carry U.S. government guarantees, these guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund itself and do not guarantee the market price of the securities. Furthermore, not all securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury.
 
When-Issued and Delayed Delivery Securities Risk. The Fund may obtain when-issued securities as a result of its investments in restructurings and other special situations. When-issued and delayed-delivery securities can have a leverage-like effect on the Fund, which can increase fluctuations in the Fund’s share price; may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its purchase obligations; and are subject to the risk that a counterparty may fail to complete the sale of the security, in which case the Fund may lose the opportunity to purchase or sell the security at the agreed upon price.
 
ETF Risk. ETFs are subject to the risk that they may not replicate the performance of the index tracked by the ETF, if any, and may not be permitted to sell poorly performing stocks that are included in the index. ETFs may trade in the secondary market at prices below the value of their underlying portfolios and may not be liquid.
 
 
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Other Investment Company Risk. Through its investment in ETFs and other investment companies, the Fund is subject to the risks of the investment companies’ investments, as well as to the investment companies’ expenses.
 
Illiquid Investments Risk. Illiquid investments may be more difficult to purchase or sell at an advantageous price or time, and there is a greater risk that the investments may not be sold for the price at which the Fund is carrying them. The Fund may receive illiquid securities as a result of its investment in certain special situations.
 
Restricted Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in restricted securities and may receive restricted securities as a result of its investment in certain special situations. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement and may be illiquid. Before they are registered, such securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration.
 
High Portfolio Turnover. Several of the strategies utilized by the Fund may engage in frequent and active trading and have a high portfolio turnover rate, which may increase the Fund’s brokerage commissions, may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may generate a greater amount of capital gain distributions to shareholders than if the Fund had a low portfolio turnover rate.
 
Recent Market Conditions. The financial crisis in the U.S. and global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, has resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign, and in the net asset values of many mutual funds, including to some extent the Fund. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. Because the situation is widespread and largely unprecedented, it may be unusually difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations.
 
PERFORMANCE
Performance history will be available for the Fund after the Fund has been in operation for one calendar year.
 
INVESTMENT MANAGER AND INVESTMENT ADVISER
Neuberger Berman Management LLC ("NBM") is the Fund’s investment manager. NB Alternative Investment Management LLC is the Fund’s investment adviser.
 
SUB-ADVISERS
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC, Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC, GAMCO Asset Management Inc., Levin Capital Strategies, L.P., MacKay Shields LLC, Sound Point Capital Management, L.P., Turner Investments, L.P., and Visium Asset Management, LP are the Fund’s subadvisers.
 
PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF THE ADVISER
The Fund is co-managed by David Kupperman, Ph.D. (Managing Director of NBM and NBAIM), Jeff Majit (Managing Director of NBM and NBAIM), Eric Weinstein (Managing Director of NBM and Chief Investment Officer and Managing Director of NBAIM), Ian Haas (Senior Vice President of NBM and NBAIM) and Fred Ingham (Senior Vice President of NBM and NBAIM).
 
Messrs. Weinstein, Majit, Kupperman, Haas and Ingham are primarily responsible for analysis of investment strategies, including strategies to be added to the Fund and searches for and research on new potential subadvisers, and for security selection when the Adviser invests the Fund’s assets directly. Messrs. Majit and Kupperman are primarily responsible for the day-to-day monitoring and oversight of the subadvisers. Each of the Portfolio Managers has managed the Fund since its inception in 2012.
 
 
 
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PORTFOLIO MANAGERS OF THE SUBADVISERS
 
Each of the Portfolio Managers of the subadvisers has managed the Fund since the Fund’s inception in 2012.
 
Sub-Adviser
Investment Strategy
Portfolio Managers
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC
Small- and Mid-Cap Equity Long/Short
B. Randall Watts, Senior Managing Director
Todd W. Wakefield, Managing Director
Charles Traften, Director
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC
Global Equity Long/Short
Jay Abramson, CEO and Chief Investment Officer
 
GAMCO Asset Management Inc.
Merger Arbitrage
Mario J. Gabelli, Chairman, CEO and Chief Investment Officer
 
Levin Capital Strategies, L.P.
Event Driven
Warren Empey, Senior Security Analyst
 
MacKay Shields LLC*
Credit Long/Short
Dan Roberts, Senior Managing Director
Lou Cohen, Managing Director
Michael Kimble, Managing Director
Taylor Wagenseil, Managing Director
 
Sound Point Capital Management, L.P.
Stressed and Distressed Credit
Stephen Ketchum, Managing Partner
 
Turner Investments, L.P.
Healthcare Long/Short
Vijay Shankaran, Senior Portfolio Manager/Global Security Analyst
 
Visium Asset Management, LP
Event Driven
Francis Gallagher, Portfolio Manager
Peter Dripp, Portfolio Manager
 
* The Fund does not anticipate allocating assets to MacKay Shields LLC until the Fund’s assets are above $125 million.
 
BUYING AND SELLING SHARES
 
You may purchase, sell or exchange shares of the Fund on any day the New York Stock Exchange is open, at the Fund’s net asset value per share next determined after your order is accepted, subject to any applicable sales charge. Shares of the Fund generally are available only through certain investment providers, such as banks, brokerage firms, workplace retirement programs, and financial advisers. Contact any investment provider authorized to sell the Fund’s shares. See “Maintaining Your Account” in the prospectus for eligibility requirements for purchases of Institutional Class shares.
 
For certain investors, Class A and Class C shares of the Fund are also available directly from NBM by regular, first class mail (Neuberger Berman Funds, Boston Service Center, P.O. Box 8403, Boston, MA 02266-8403), by express delivery, registered mail, or certified mail (Neuberger Berman Funds, c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company, 30 Dan Road, Canton, MA 02021), or by wire, fax, telephone, exchange, or systematic investment or withdrawal (call 800-877-9700 for instructions). See “Maintaining Your Account” and “Grandfathered Investors” in the prospectus for eligibility requirements for direct purchases of Class A and Class C shares.
 
The minimum initial investment in Class A or Class C shares is $1,000. Additional investments can be as little as $100. These minimums may be waived in certain cases.
 
The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1 million. This minimum may be waived in certain cases.
 
TAX INFORMATION
 
Except for tax-advantaged retirement plans and accounts and other tax-exempt investors, you will be subject to tax to the extent the Fund makes distributions of ordinary income or net capital gain to you.
 
 
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PAYMENTS TO INVESTMENT PROVIDERS AND OTHER FINANCIAL INTERMEDIARIES
 
If you purchase shares of the Fund through an investment provider or other financial intermediary, such as a bank, brokerage firm, workplace retirement program, or financial adviser (who may be affiliated with Neuberger Berman), the Fund and/or NBM and/or its affiliates may pay the intermediary for the sale of Fund shares and related services. These payments may create a conflict of interest by influencing the investment provider or other financial intermediary and its employees to recommend the Fund over another investment. Ask your investment provider or visit its website for more information.
 

 
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Descriptions of Certain Practices and Security Types
 
Derivative Instruments. Derivative instruments are generally financial contracts with a value that is derived from an underlying asset, reference rate, index or event. These instruments may relate to commodities, stocks, bonds, credit, interest rates, currencies or currency exchange rates and related indices. Derivatives may be traded on organized exchanges and clearing houses or CCHs, or in private transactions with other parties in the over the counter (“OTC”) market with a single dealer or a prime broker acting as an intermediary with respect to an executing dealer. Derivative instruments may be used for non-hedging and hedging purposes.
 
Swaps. Swap agreements are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods typically ranging from a few weeks to more than one year. In a standard “swap” transaction, two parties agree to exchange the returns (or differentials in rates of return) earned or realized on particular predetermined investments or instruments, which may be adjusted for an interest factor. There are various types of swaps, including but not limited to, total return swaps, credit default swaps and interest rate swaps.
 
Credit Default Swaps. In a credit default swap (“CDS”), one party pays the other for, in essence, protection against certain designated credit events that decrease the value of one or more underlying reference obligations. The “buyer” of protection under the CDS is obligated to pay the “seller” a periodic stream of payments over the term of the swap in return for a contingent payment upon the occurrence of a credit event with respect to an underlying reference obligation, typically a bond. A credit event generally means a bankruptcy, failure to pay, a moratorium (with respect to sovereign underliers), obligation acceleration or restructuring. If a credit event occurs, the seller typically must pay the contingent payment to the buyer, which typically is the “par value” of the reference obligation (i.e., full notional value less the recovery rate, which is an estimate of the amount that would be recovered from the reference obligation when the default occurs). The contingent payment may be a cash settlement or physical delivery of the reference obligation in return for payment of the face amount of the obligation.
 
Total Return Swaps. Total return swaps (“TRSs”) are contracts in which one party, the total return payer, agrees to make payments during a specified period of the total return of the underlying asset(s), which the parties designate as the underlier of the TRS. The underlier may include securities, baskets of securities, or securities indices. The total return payer makes those payments to the total return receiver in return for receiving a fee for the TRS which is equal to a fixed or floating rate of interest and, typically, a LIBOR-based spread (or the total return from another designated underlying asset(s)). The total return receiver is obligated to pay that fee, plus any spread, in addition to any depreciation on the underlier. The underlying assets may or may not be owned by a party to the TRS.
 
Interest Rate Swaps. Interest rate swaps involve the exchange by the Fund with another party of interest payments, such as an exchange of floating rate payments for fixed rate payments with respect to a notional amount of principal. These swaps are effectuated in the OTC market as of the date of this prospectus, however, it is likely that the U.S. Commodities Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) will require that many interest rate swaps must be centrally cleared by CCHs. This process would require the Fund to enter into clearing documentation and post initial and maintenance margin. Constant maturity swaps are a variation of the regular interest rate swap. In a constant maturity swap, the floating interest rate is reset periodically according to the fixed maturity market rate of a product with a duration extending beyond that of the swap’s reset period.
 
Futures. A futures contract is a standardized agreement to buy or sell a set quantity of an underlying asset at a future date, or to make or receive a cash payment based on the value of a securities index, or some other asset, at a stipulated future date. “Margin” with respect to a futures contract is the amount of assets that must be deposited by the Fund with, or for the benefit of, a futures commission merchant in order to initiate and maintain the position. If the price of the futures contract changes in an adverse way, the Fund may be required to post additional margin.
 
Covered Call Options. Writing (selling) a call option obligates the Fund to sell the underlying security to a purchaser at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund receives a premium when it writes a call
 
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option. A call option is “covered” if the Fund simultaneously holds an equivalent position in the security underlying the option. The purpose of writing call options is to hedge (that is, to reduce, at least in part, the effect of price fluctuations of securities held by the Fund on the Fund’s NAV) or to earn premium income.
 
Put Options. Writing (selling) a put option obligates the Fund to acquire the underlying security from a purchaser at a specified price if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund receives a premium when it writes a put option. The purpose of writing put options is to hedge (that is, to reduce, at least in part, the effect of price fluctuations of securities held by the Fund on the Fund’s NAV) or to earn premium income.
 
Short Sales. Short sales involve selling a security the Fund does not own in anticipation that the security’s price will decline. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the stock to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the stock borrowed by purchasing the stock at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be higher or lower than the price at which the stock was sold by the Fund. If the underlying stock goes up in price during the period the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss on the transaction. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation, interest or dividends and transaction costs the Fund must pay to a lender of the security.
 
Lower-Rated Debt Securities. Lower-rated debt securities typically offer investors higher yields than other fixed income securities. The higher yields are usually justified by the weaker credit profiles of these issuers as compared to investment grade issuers. Lower-rated debt securities include debt obligations of all types issued by U.S. and non-U.S. corporate and governmental entities, including bonds, debentures and notes, bank loan interests and preferred stocks that have priority over any other class of stock of the entity as to the distribution of assets or the payment of dividends. A lower-rated debt security itself may be convertible into or exchangeable for equity securities, or it may carry with it the right to acquire equity securities evidenced by warrants attached to the security or acquired as part of a unit with the security.
 
Additional Information about Principal Investment Risks
 
This section provides additional information about the Fund’s principal investment risks described in the Fund Summary section.
 
Market Volatility. Markets are volatile and values of individual securities and other investments can decline significantly in response to adverse issuer, political, regulatory, market or economic developments that may cause broad changes in market values. Changes in the financial condition of a single issuer can impact the market as a whole. To the extent that the Fund sells a portfolio position before it reaches its market peak, it may miss out on opportunities for higher performance. Market volatility may disrupt a subadviser’s investment program if it abruptly changes pricing relationships on which the subadviser was basing an arbitrage strategy. Similarly, it may disrupt event-driven strategies if abrupt changes cause the parties to alter or abandon the event on which a subadviser was basing its investment strategy. Because many investors buy stocks on margin, increases in interest rates generally reduce market prices of equities. Terrorism and related geo-political risks have led, and may in the future lead, to increased short-term market volatility and may have adverse long-term effects on world economies and markets generally.
 
Market Direction Risk. Since the Fund will typically hold both long and short positions, an investment in the Fund will involve market risks associated with different types of investment decisions than those made for a typical “long only” fund. The Fund’s results could suffer both when there is a general market advance and the Fund holds significant “short” positions, or when there is a general market decline when the Fund holds significant “long” positions. In recent years, the markets have shown considerable volatility from day to day and even in intra-day trading.
 
Issuer-Specific Risk. The value of an individual security or particular type of security can be more volatile than the market as a whole and can perform differently from the value of the market as a whole. The value of an issuer’s stock or debt may deteriorate because of a variety of factors, including disappointing earnings reports by the issuer, unsuccessful products or services, loss of major customers, major litigation against the issuer, or changes in government regulations affecting the issuer or the competitive environment.
 
 
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Market Capitalization Risk (Small-, Mid- and Large-Cap Stocks Risk). To the extent the Fund emphasizes small-, mid-, or large-cap stocks, it takes on the associated risks. At any given time, any of these market capitalizations may be out of favor with investors. Compared to small- and mid-cap companies, large-cap companies may be less responsive to changes and opportunities, but their returns have sometimes led those of smaller companies, often with lower volatility. The stocks of small- and mid-cap companies may fluctuate more widely in price than the market as a whole, may be difficult to sell when the economy is not robust or during market downturns, and may be more affected than other types of stocks by the underperformance of a sector or during market downturns. In addition, compared to large-cap companies, small- and mid-cap companies may depend on a limited management group, may have a shorter history of operations, and may have limited product lines, markets or financial resources. There may also be less trading in small- or mid-cap stocks, which means that buy and sell transactions in those stocks could have a larger impact on a stock’s price than is the case with large-cap stocks.
 
Sector Risk. The Fund’s investing approach may dictate an emphasis on certain sectors, industries, or sub-sectors of the market at any given time. To the extent the Fund invests more heavily in one sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market, it thereby presents a more concentrated risk and its performance will be especially sensitive to developments that significantly affect those sectors, industries, or sub-sectors. In addition, the value of the Fund’s shares may change at different rates compared to the value of shares of a fund with investments in a more diversified mix of sectors and industries. An individual sector, industry, or sub-sector of the market may have above-average performance during particular periods, but may also move up and down more than the broader market. The several industries that constitute a sector may all react in the same way to economic, political or regulatory events. The Fund’s performance could also be affected if the sectors, industries, or sub-sectors do not perform as expected. Alternatively, the lack of exposure to one or more sectors or industries may adversely affect performance.
 
Because one subadviser invests primarily in securities of companies in the health care sector, the Fund’s performance may be adversely affected by a downturn in that sector. Health care companies can be adversely affected by, among other things, legislative or regulatory changes, competitive challenges, government approval or non-approval of products and services, and product obsolescence. They are also sensitive to political trends, actual and perceived, that may presage legislative or regulatory changes. Moreover, liability for products that are later alleged to be harmful or unsafe may be substantial, and may have a significant impact on the health care company’s market value and/or share price. Biotechnology and related companies can be adversely affected by, among other things, patent considerations, intense competition, rapid technology change and obsolescence, and regulatory requirements of various federal and state agencies. In addition, some of these companies are relatively small and may have thinly traded securities, may not yet offer products or may offer a single product, and may have persistent losses during a new product’s transition from development to production, or erratic revenue patterns. The stock prices of these companies may be very volatile, particularly when their products are up for regulatory approval and/or under regulatory scrutiny.
 
Short Sale Risk. Short sales involve selling a security the Fund does not own in anticipation that the security’s price will decline. To complete the transaction, the Fund must borrow the stock to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund is then obligated to replace the stock borrowed by purchasing the stock at the market price at the time of replacement. The price at such time may be higher or lower than the price at which the stock was sold by the Fund. If the underlying stock goes up in price during the period during which the short position is outstanding, the Fund will realize a loss on the transaction. Any loss will be increased by the amount of compensation, interest or dividends and transaction costs the Fund must pay to a lender of the security.
 
Short sales may help hedge against general market risk to the securities held in the portfolio but theoretically present unlimited risk on an individual stock basis, since the Fund may be required to buy the security sold short at a time when the security has appreciated in value. Because the Fund may invest the proceeds of a short sale, another effect of short selling on the Fund is similar to the effect of leverage, in that it amplifies changes in the Fund’s NAV since it increases the exposure of the Fund to the market and may increase losses and the volatility of returns.
 
The Fund may not always be able to close out a short position at a favorable time or price. A lender may request that borrowed securities be returned to it on short notice, and the Fund may have to buy the borrowed securities at an unfavorable price, which will potentially reduce or eliminate any gain or cause a loss for the Fund.
 
 
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When the Fund is selling stocks short, it must maintain a segregated account of cash or high-grade securities equal to the margin requirement. As a result, the Fund may maintain high levels of cash or liquid assets (such as U.S. Treasury bills, money market accounts, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit, high quality commercial paper and long equity positions), or utilize borrowings or the collateral obtained from securities lending for this cash.
 
Event-Driven Strategies Risk. Investing in companies in anticipation of an event carries the risk that the event may not happen or may take considerable time to unfold, it may happen in modified or conditional form, or the market may react differently than expected to the event, in which case the Fund may experience losses. Furthermore, an event, such as a pending restructuring or spin-off, may be renegotiated, terminated or involve a longer time frame than originally contemplated, in which case the Fund may experience losses. In addition, certain events, such as companies emerging from bankruptcy or restructurings resulting from bankruptcy, carry additional risks because of the issuer’s financial fragility and the likelihood that its management has little experience with bankruptcy, and the securities of such companies may be more likely to lose value than the securities of more financially stable companies. It also may be difficult to obtain complete financial information about companies involved in certain situations. In general, event-driven strategies may fail if the subadviser is unable to obtain adequate information about the event or does not properly analyze the information available. The actions of other market participants may also disrupt the events on which the Fund’s strategy depends.
 
Multi-Manager Risk. Fund performance is dependent upon the success of the Adviser and the subadvisers in implementing the Fund’s investment strategy in pursuit of its objective. To a significant extent, the Fund’s performance will depend on the success of the Adviser in allocating the Fund’s assets to subadvisers and its selection and oversight of the subadvisesrs. The subadvisers’ investment styles may not always be complementary, which could adversely affect the performance of the Fund. A subadviser’s strategy may be out of favor at any time. In addition, because each subadviser makes its trading decisions independently, it is possible that the subadvisers may purchase or sell the same security at the same time without aggregating their transactions or hold long and short positions in the same security at the same time. This may cause unnecessary brokerage and other expenses and the Fund may incur losses as a result. Some subadvisers have little experience managing registered investment companies which, unlike the hedge funds these subadvisers have been managing, are subject to daily inflows and outflows of investor cash and are subject to certain legal and tax-related restrictions on their investments or operations.
 
Arbitrage Strategies Risks. Arbitrage strategies involve the risk that underlying relationships between securities in which investment positions are taken may change in an adverse manner or in a manner not anticipated by the subadviser, in which case the Fund may realize losses.
 
Absolute Return Risk. The Fund’s returns may deviate from overall market returns to a greater degree than other mutual funds that do not employ an absolute return focus. Thus, the Fund might not benefit as much as funds following other strategies during periods of strong market performance. Also, the employment of hedging strategies, if any, to mitigate risk may cause the Fund’s returns to be lower than if hedging had not been employed. Investment strategies and subadvisers whose performance has historically been non-correlated or demonstrated low correlations to one another or to major world financial market indices may become correlated at certain times. During these circumstances, absolute return strategies may cease to function as anticipated.
 
Special Situations Risk. The Fund’s use of event-driven and arbitrage strategies will cause it to invest in actual or anticipated special situations – i.e., acquisitions, spin-offs, reorganizations and liquidations, tender offers and bankruptcies. These transactions may not be completed as the subadviser anticipates or may take an excessive amount of time to be completed. They may also be completed on different terms than the subadviser anticipates, resulting in a loss to the Fund. Some special situations are sufficiently uncertain that the Fund may lose its entire investment in the situation.
 
Derivatives Risk. A derivative is a financial contract whose value depends on, or is derived from, changes in the value of one or more underlying assets, reference rates, indexes or events. The Fund’s use of derivatives – such as swaps, futures or options – involves risks different from, or greater than, the risks associated with investing in more traditional investments, such as stocks and bonds. Derivatives can be highly complex and may perform in ways unanticipated by the Fund’s investment adviser. The Fund’s use of derivatives involves the risk that the other party to the derivative contract will fail to make required payments or otherwise to comply with the terms of the contract. Derivatives can create investment leverage and may be highly
 
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volatile, and the Fund could lose more than the amount it invests. Derivatives may be difficult to value and may at times be highly illiquid, and the Fund may not be able to close out or sell a derivative position at a particular time or at an anticipated price. The Fund’s use of derivatives may increase the amount and affect the timing and character of taxable distributions payable to shareholders. Also, suitable derivative transactions may not be available in all circumstances. There can be no assurance that the Fund will engage in derivative transactions to reduce exposure to other risks when that might be beneficial.
 
The Fund may be required to enter into derivatives via exchanges and CCHs. Because the Fund is not a member of a CCH, if the Fund is required by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) or the CFTC to centrally clear a derivative, the Fund would need to enter into clearing documentation with a member of a CCH, a process that would introduce counterparty risk to the Fund, which is described in greater detail below. While unlikely, the Fund would also be exposed to the risk that a CCH could experience financial difficulty that would result in losses to the Fund in the event that the prudential measures taken by the CCH are insufficient.
 
The Fund will likely be required to segregate assets to cover its obligations relating to its purchase of derivative instruments in a manner that satisfies contractual undertakings and regulatory requirements with respect to the derivatives. The Fund will set aside liquid assets in an amount equal to the Fund’s daily marked-to-market net obligation (i.e., the Fund’s daily net liability) under futures contracts that are contractually required to cash settle. For futures contracts that are not contractually required to cash settle, the Fund must set aside liquid assets equal to such contracts’ full notional value (generally, the total numerical value of the asset underlying a future contract at the time of valuation) while the positions are open. By setting aside assets equal to only its net obligations under cash-settled futures contracts, the Fund may employ leverage to a greater extent than if the Fund were required to segregate assets equal to the full notional value of such contracts.
 
Futures. There can be no assurance that, at all times, a liquid market will exist for offsetting a futures contract that the Fund has previously bought or sold. This could be the case if, for example, a futures price has increased or decreased by the maximum allowable daily limit and there is no buyer willing to purchase the futures contract that the Fund needs to sell (or sell the futures contract that the Fund needs to buy).
 
Credit Default Swaps. The Fund may be either the buyer or seller in a CDS. If the Fund is a buyer and no credit event occurs, the Fund may lose its investment (or premium) and recover nothing. If a credit event occurs, however, the buyer typically receives full notional value less the recovery rate for a reference obligation that may have little or no value. As a seller, the Fund receives a fixed rate of income throughout the term of the contract, which typically is between one month and five years, provided that no credit event occurs. If a credit event occurs and the Fund is the seller, it would be required to pay the buyer the full notional value less the recovery rate of the reference obligation, which is an estimate of the amount that would be recovered from the reference obligation when the default occurs. The CDS industry has streamlined the settlement of CDS upon the occurrence of a credit event using an auction mechanism. Although this has streamlined the settlement of CDS, this has also had the effect of reducing, but not eliminating altogether, the recovery rate with respect to a reference obligation following a credit event.
 
Total Return Swaps. TRSs may be used to obtain exposure to a security or market without owning or taking physical custody of such security or market. TRSs may effectively add leverage to the Fund’s portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Fund would be subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If the Fund is the total return receiver in a TRS, then the credit risk for an underlying asset is transferred to the Fund in exchange for its receipt of the return (appreciation) on that asset. If the Fund is the total return payer, it is hedging the downside risk of an underlying asset but it is obligated to pay the amount of any appreciation on that asset.
 
Interest Rate Swaps . The Fund may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Fund. In such an instance, the Fund may agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty to pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If long-term interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the Fund’s portfolio, the Fund would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value; if interest rates fall, the Fund would likely lose money on the swap transaction. The Fund may also enter into constant maturity swaps, which are a variation of the regular interest rate swap. Constant maturity swaps are exposed to changes in long-term interest rate movements.
 
 
 
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Options. The use of options involves investment strategies and risks different from those associated with ordinary portfolio securities transactions. While the Fund’s use of these instruments may reduce certain risks associated with owning its portfolio securities, these instruments themselves involve certain other risks. If the subadviser applies a strategy at an inappropriate time or judges market conditions or trends incorrectly, options may lower the Fund’s return. There can be no guarantee that the use of options will increase the Fund’s return or income.
 
When the Fund writes a covered call option, it assumes the risk that it must sell the underlying security at a price that may be lower than the market price of the security, and it gives up the opportunity to profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price. If a call option that the Fund has written is exercised, the Fund will experience a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security. If a call option that the Fund has written expires unexercised, the Fund will experience a gain in the amount of the premium; however, that gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security during the option period.
 
When the Fund writes a put option, it assumes the risk that it must purchase the underlying security at a price that may be higher than the market price of the security. If the price of the underlying security declines, the Fund would expect to suffer a loss. However, the premium the Fund received for writing the put should offset a portion of the decline.
 
In addition, there may be an imperfect correlation between the movement in prices of options and the securities underlying them and there may at times not be a liquid secondary market for various options.
 
Counterparty Risk. There are two separate categories of counterparty risk that arise out of the Fund’s investments in derivatives. The first relates to the risk that its swap counterparty defaults, and the second category relates to the risk that a futures commission merchant (“FCM”) would default on an obligation set forth in an agreement between the Fund and the FCM. As for the first category of risk, entering into derivatives in the OTC market introduces counterparty risk, which is the risk that (a) the dealer providing the derivative or other product will fail to timely perform its payment and other obligations, completely breach its performance obligations or experience financial difficulties, which may include filing for bankruptcy; and (b) the dealer will dispose of Fund collateral that the Fund posted to secure its OTC positions with the defaulting swaps dealer. Therefore, to the extent that the Fund engages in trading in OTC markets, the Fund could be exposed to greater risk of loss through default than if it confined its trading to regulated exchanges. The second category of risk exists at and from the time that the Fund enters into a contractual arrangement with its FCM to bring about the settlement and clearing of futures contracts. The FCM may hold margin posted in connection with those contracts and that margin may be rehypothecated (or re-pledged) by the FCM and lost or its return delayed due to a default by the FCM or other customer of the FCM. The FCM may itself file for bankruptcy, which would either delay the return of, or jeopardize altogether the assets posted by the FCM as margin in response to margin calls relating to futures positions.
 
Recent Changes in the Law Governing Derivatives. Recent legislation require the SEC and the CFTC to establish new rules governing the derivatives markets. The extent and impact of the regulation are not yet fully known and may not be for some time. New regulation of derivatives may make them more costly, may limit their availability, or may otherwise adversely affect their value or performance. In addition to other changes, these rules are expected to provide for central clearing of some derivatives that in the past were exclusively traded OTC, and may increase costs and margin requirements but are expected to reduce certain counterparty risks.
 
Leverage Risk. Leverage creates an opportunity for increased total return but, at the same time, creates special risk considerations. Leverage amplifies changes in the Fund’s NAV. The Fund’s use of when-issued and delayed-delivery securities, derivative instruments, short positions and securities lending creates leverage and can result in losses to the Fund that exceed the amount originally invested. There is no specified limit on the amount that the Fund’s investment exposure can exceed its net assets. Because of leverage, the Fund’s investment exposure may exceed the Fund’s net assets by a significant amount.
 
Convertible Securities. The value of a convertible security increases or decreases with the price of the underlying common stock. In general, a convertible security is subject to the risks of stocks when the underlying stock’s price is high relative to the conversion price and is subject to the risks of debt securities when the underlying stock’s price is low relative to the conversion
 
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price. Convertible securities generally have less potential for gain or loss than common stocks. Securities that are convertible other than at the option of the holder generally do not limit the potential for loss to the same extent as securities that are convertible at the option of the holder.
 
Many convertible securities have credit ratings that are below investment grade and are subject to the same risks as an investment in lower-rated debt securities. The credit rating of a company’s convertible securities is generally lower than that of its non-convertible debt securities. Convertible securities are normally considered “junior” securities — that is, the company usually must pay interest on its non-convertible debt securities before it can make payments on its convertible securities. If the issuer stops making interest or principal payments, convertible securities may become worthless and a Fund could lose its entire investment. Because companies that issue convertible securities are often small- or mid-cap companies, to the extent a Fund invests in convertible securities, it will often be subject to the risks of investing in these companies.
 
Foreign Risk. Foreign securities, including the securities issued by foreign governments, involve risks in addition to those associated with comparable U.S. securities. Additional risks include exposure to less developed or less efficient trading markets; social, political or economic instability; fluctuations in foreign currencies; nationalization or expropriation of assets; settlement, custodial or other operational risks; and less stringent auditing and legal standards. In addition, key information about the issuer, the markets or the local government or economy may be unavailable, incomplete or inaccurate. As a result, foreign securities can fluctuate more widely in price, and may also be less liquid, than comparable U.S. securities. Although foreign securities offer added diversification potential, world markets, or those in a particular region, may all react in similar fashion to important economic or political developments.
 
In addition, foreign markets can perform differently than the U.S. market. Over a given period of time, foreign securities may underperform U.S. securities—sometimes for years. The Fund could also underperform if the subadviser invests in countries or regions whose economic performance falls short. To the extent that the Fund invests a portion of its assets in one country, state, region or currency, an adverse economic, business or political development may affect the value of the Fund’s investments more than if its investments were not so invested. The effect of recent, worldwide economic instability on specific foreign markets or issuers may be difficult to predict or evaluate. Some national economies continue to show profound instability, which may in turn affect their international trading partners or other members of their currency bloc.
 
Investing in foreign securities may also involve a greater risk for excessive trading due to “time-zone arbitrage.” If an event occurring after the close of a foreign market, but before the time the Fund computes its current net asset value, causes a change in the price of the foreign securities and such price is not reflected in the Fund’s current net asset value, investors may attempt to take advantage of anticipated price movements in securities held by the Fund based on such pricing discrepancies.
 
Currency Risk . To the extent that the Fund invests in securities or other instruments denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, changes in currency exchange rates bring an added dimension of risk. Currency fluctuations could negatively impact investment gains or add to investment losses.
 
Currency Transaction Risks. Non-U.S. currency forward contracts, options, swaps, or other derivatives contracts on non-U.S. currencies involve a risk of loss if currency exchange rates move against the Fund. Forward contracts are not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse and a default by the forward contract counterparty may result in a loss to the Fund of the value of unrealized profits on the contract. There are no limitations on daily price movements of forward contracts. The imposition of credit controls by governmental authorities might limit the level of such forward trading to less than that which the Portfolio Manager would otherwise recommend, to the possible detriment of the Fund. Neither the CFTC nor the U.S. banking authorities regulate forward currency transactions through banks. It is contemplated that most non-U.S. currency forward contracts will be with banks. In respect of such trading, the Fund is subject to the risk of bank failure or the inability of or refusal by a bank to perform with respect to such contracts. Banks are not required to continue to make markets in currencies. There have been periods during which certain banks have refused to continue to quote prices for forward contracts or have quoted prices with an unusually wide spread (the difference between the price at which the bank is prepared to buy and that at which it is prepared to sell).
 
Interest Rate Risk. In general, the value of the Fund’s investments with interest rate risk, such as fixed income securities, will move inversely to movements in interest rates. Debt securities have varying levels of sensitivity to changes in interest rates. In general, the longer the maturity or duration of a debt security, the greater the effect a change in interest rates could have on
 
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the security’s price. Thus, the Fund’s sensitivity to interest rate risk will increase with any increase in the Fund’s overall duration of the portion of the Fund invested in fixed income securities. Short-term securities tend to react to changes in short-term interest rates, and long-term securities tend to react to changes in long-term interest rates. The link between interest rates and debt security prices tends to be weaker with lower-rated debt securities than with investment grade debt securities. Also, because many investors buy stocks and derivatives with borrowed money, an increase in interest rates can cause a decline in those markets as well. Interest rates have been unusually low in recent years.
 
Credit Risk. Credit risk is the risk that issuers may fail, or become less able, to make payments when due. Changes in the actual or perceived creditworthiness of an issuer, factors affecting an issuer directly (such as management changes, labor relations, collapse of key suppliers or customers, or material changes in overhead), factors affecting the industry in which a particular issuer operates (such as competition or technological advances) and changes in general social, economic or political conditions can increase the risk of default by an issuer, which can affect a security’s credit quality or value. A downgrade or default affecting any of the Fund’s securities could affect the Fund’s performance.
 
Lower-Rated Debt Securities Risk. Lower-rated debt securities involve greater risks than investment grade debt securities. Lower-rated debt securities may fluctuate more widely in price and yield than investment grade debt securities and may fall in price during times when the economy is weak or is expected to become weak. Lower-rated debt securities also may require a greater degree of judgment to establish a price, may be difficult to sell at the time and price the Fund desires, and may carry higher transaction costs. Lower-rated debt securities are considered predominantly speculative by the major rating agencies with respect to the issuer’s continuing ability to meet principal and interest payments and carry a greater risk that the issuer of such securities will default in the timely payment of principal and interest. Issuers of securities that are in default may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment.
 
Risks of Interests in Loans. Loans generally are subject to restrictions on transfer, and only limited opportunities may exist to sell loan interests in secondary markets. As a result, the Fund may be unable to sell loans at a time when it may otherwise be desirable to do so or may be able to sell them only at a price that is less than their fair market value. Market bids may be unavailable for loans from time to time; the Fund may find it difficult to establish a fair value for loans held by it.
 
Senior secured loans are secured by collateral and generally are subject to restrictive covenants in favor of the lenders or security holders, including the Fund, that invest in them. In most loan agreements there is no formal requirement to pledge additional collateral. Therefore, there is a risk that the value of the collateral may decline after the Fund invests and that the collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. In the event the borrower defaults, the Fund’s access to the collateral may be limited or delayed by bankruptcy or other insolvency laws. Further, in the event of a default, second lien secured loans will generally be paid only if the value of the collateral is sufficient to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to the first lien secured lenders and even then, the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund. In addition, if a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund would likely bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral, including the risk that collateral may be difficult to sell.
 
If the Fund acquires a participation interest in a loan, the Fund may not be able to control the exercise of any remedies that the lender would have under the loan. In addition, the Fund normally will have to rely on the participating lender to demand and receive payments in respect of the loans, and to pay those amounts on to the Fund; the Fund will be subject to the risk that the lender may be unwilling or unable to do so. In such a case, the Fund would not likely have any rights against the borrower directly. Many banks have been weakened by the recent financial crisis and it may be difficult for the Fund to obtain an accurate picture of a lending bank’s financial condition.
 
Loan interests may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the strong anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws.
 
Loans in which the Fund may invest may be made to finance highly leveraged corporate transactions. The highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in such transactions may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions. In addition, bank loan interests may be unrated, and the Fund’s Portfolio Managers or subadvisers may be required to rely exclusively on their analysis of the borrower in determining whether to acquire, or to continue to hold, a loan.
 
 
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Trade Claims Risks. Trade claims generally include claims of suppliers for goods delivered and not paid, claims for unpaid services rendered, claims for contract rejection damages and claims related to litigation. An investment in trade claims is very speculative and carries a high degree of risk. Trade claims are illiquid instruments which generally do not pay interest and there can be no guarantee that the debtor will ever be able to satisfy the obligation on the trade claim. Additionally, there can be restrictions on the purchase, sale, and/or transferability of trade claims during all or part of a bankruptcy proceeding. Trade claims may not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the strong anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws.
 
Trade claims are typically unsecured and may be subordinated to other unsecured obligations of a debtor, and generally are subject to defenses of the debtor with respect to the underlying transaction giving rise to the trade claim. Although the Fund’s Portfolio Managers or subadvisers endeavor to protect against such risks in connection with the evaluation and purchase of claims, trade claims are subject to risks not generally associated with standardized securities and instruments due to the idiosyncratic nature of the claims purchased. These risks include the risk that the debtor may contest the allowance of the claim due to disputes the debtor has with the original claimant or the inequitable conduct of the original claimant, or due to administrative errors in connection with the transfer of the claim. Recovery on allowed trade claims may also be impaired if the anticipated dividend payable on unsecured claims in the bankruptcy is not realized or if the timing of the bankruptcy distribution is delayed. As a result of the foregoing factors, trade claims are also subject to the risk that if the Fund does receive payment, it may be in an amount less than what the Fund paid for or otherwise expects to receive in respect of the claim.
 
In addition, because they are not negotiable instruments, trade claims are typically less liquid than negotiable instruments. Given these factors, trade claims often trade at a discount to other instruments in the same level in a company’s capital structure.
 
Distressed Securities Risk . The Fund may invest in distressed securities, including loans, bonds and notes, many of which are not publicly traded and that may involve a substantial degree of risk. Distressed securities include securities of companies that are in financial distress and that may be in or about to enter bankruptcy. In certain periods, there may be little or no liquidity in the markets for these securities or other instruments. In addition, the prices of such securities may be subject to periods of abrupt and erratic market movements and above-average price volatility. It may be difficult to obtain financial information regarding the financial condition of a borrower or issuer, and its financial condition may be changing rapidly. It may be more difficult to value such securities and the spread between the bid and asked prices of such securities may be greater than normally expected. If the subadviser’s evaluation of the risks and anticipated outcome of an investment in a distressed security should prove incorrect, the Fund may lose a substantial portion or all of its investment or it may be required to accept cash or securities with a value less than the Fund’s original investment.
 
Risks of Collateralized Loan Obligations (“CLOs”). The Fund may invest in CLOs, which are trusts or other special purpose entities that are backed by a pool of loans. Such loans may include domestic and foreign senior secured loans, senior unsecured loans and subordinate corporate loans, some of which may be below investment grade or equivalent unrated loans.
 
CLOs issue classes or “tranches” that vary in risk and yield, and may experience substantial losses due to actual defaults, decrease of market value due to collateral defaults and disappearance of subordinate tranches, market anticipation of defaults, and investor aversion to CLO securities as a class. The risks of investing in CLOs depend largely on the type of the underlying loans and the tranche of the CLO in which the Fund invests. In addition, CLOs carry risks including, but not limited to, interest rate risk, credit risk and default risk.
 
U.S. Government Securities Risk. Although the Fund may hold securities that carry U.S. government guarantees, these guarantees do not extend to shares of the Fund itself and do not guarantee the market price of the securities. Furthermore, not all securities issued by the U.S. government and its agencies and instrumentalities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Treasury. Some are backed by a right to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, while others are backed only by the credit of the issuing agency or instrumentality. These securities carry at least some risk of non-payment.
 
When-Issued and Delayed-Delivery Securities Risk. When-issued and delayed-delivery securities involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase securities that will be issued at a later date. Because the Fund is committed to buying them at a certain
 
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price, any change in the value of these securities, even prior to their issuance, affects the Fund’s share value. The purchase of securities on a when-issued basis also involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines before the settlement date.
 
When-issued and delayed-delivery securities can have a leverage-like effect on the Fund, which can increase fluctuations in the Fund’s share price. The Fund will segregate appropriate liquid securities having a market value at least equal to the amount of its purchase commitments. When-issued and delayed-delivery securities may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so, in order to satisfy its purchase obligations.
 
When-issued and delayed-delivery securities also are subject to the risk that a counterparty may fail to complete the sale of the security. If this occurs, the Fund may lose the opportunity to purchase or sell the security at the agreed upon price.
 
If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, the Fund may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date.
 
ETF Risk. ETFs, which are investment companies, are subject to the risk that they may not replicate the performance of the index tracked by the ETF, if any, and may not be permitted to sell poorly performing stocks that are included in the index. ETFs may trade in the secondary market at prices below the value of their underlying portfolios and may not be liquid. Moreover, an ETF may not fully replicate the performance of its benchmark index, if any, because of the temporary unavailability of certain index securities in the secondary market or discrepancies between the ETF and the index with respect to the weighting of securities or the number of stocks held.
 
Other Investment Company Risk. Through its investment in other investment companies, the Fund is subject to the risks of the investment companies’ investments, as well as to the investment companies’ expenses.
 
Illiquid Investments Risk. Illiquid investments may be more difficult to purchase or sell at an advantageous price or time. Judgment plays a greater role in pricing these investments than it does in pricing investments having more active markets, and there is a greater risk that the investments may not be sold for the price at which the Fund is carrying them. The Fund may receive illiquid securities as a result of its investments in certain special situations.
 
Restricted Securities Risk. The Fund may invest in restricted securities and may receive restricted securities as a result of its investment in certain special situations. Restricted securities are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement and may be illiquid. Before they are registered, such securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration.
 
The SEC has adopted Rule 144A which is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent restricted securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities, investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity. The Manager may determine that certain securities qualified for trading under Rule 144A are liquid. There is no assurance that restricted securities obtained through investment in restructurings and other special situations will qualify for trading under Rule 144A.
 
Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. There is a greater risk that restricted securities may not be sold for the price at which the Fund is carrying them.
 
High Portfolio Turnover. Several of the strategies utilized by the Fund may engage in frequent and active trading and have a high portfolio turnover rate, which may increase the Fund’s brokerage commissions, may adversely affect the Fund’s performance and may generate a greater amount of capital gain distributions to shareholders than if the Fund had a low portfolio turnover rate. With a high portfolio turnover rate, it is possible that the Fund may distribute sizable capital gain distributions to shareholders, regardless of the Fund’s performance.
 
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Recent Market Conditions. The financial crisis in the U.S. and global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, has resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets, both domestic and foreign, and in the net asset values of many mutual funds, including to some extent the Fund. Liquidity in some markets has decreased; credit has become scarcer worldwide; and the values of some sovereign debt and of securities of issuers that hold that sovereign debt have fallen. These market conditions may continue or get worse. In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region. In response to the crisis, the U.S. and other governments and the Federal Reserve and certain foreign central banks have taken steps to support financial markets. Withdrawal of this support, failure of efforts in response to the crisis, or investor perception that such efforts are not succeeding, could adversely impact the value and liquidity of certain securities. Because the situation is widespread and largely unprecedented, it may be unusually difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions. The severity or duration of these conditions may also be affected by policy changes made by governments or quasi-governmental organizations. Changes in market conditions will not have the same impact on all types of securities.
 
Information about Additional Potential Principal Investment Strategies
In the future, the Portfolio Managers may also allocate the Fund’s assets among one or more of the following strategies:
 
Managed Futures: This strategy involves investing in a combination of derivative instruments and fixed income securities, seeking absolute (positive) returns with limited correlation to the broad equity markets. The subadviser will primarily use the following derivative instruments: futures, forward contracts and options based on commodities, currencies, fixed income securities, and equities.
 
Global Macro Investing: This strategy involves a top-down global approach to investing. The subadviser will typically take long and short positions across various U.S. and foreign markets, sectors and companies in an effort to benefit from those investments which the subadviser believes have the highest probability for success (long positions) and those that have the highest probability for decline (short positions). The subadviser seeks to identify such opportunities by applying fundamental macro-economic theory to consider and analyze the economic and political environments in countries and/or regions around the world. Specifically, the subadviser will consider factors such as interest rate levels, monetary and fiscal policy, currency exchange rates, unemployment levels, GDP and geopolitical events and their effect on the economy of the country, region or the world.
 
Equity Market Neutral: This strategy takes long and short positions in equity securities in an attempt to generate an absolute return while maintaining a low net investment exposure. The subadviser will employ either a fundamental approach, relying on earnings and other financial data to pick long and short positions, or a model-driven approach, selecting long and short positions based on technical (i.e., market price movements) as well as fundamental factors. Holding periods for positions vary across subadvisers and can be as short as a day, which would result in high portfolio turnover.
 
*****
 
Both the Managed Futures and Global Macro Investing strategies may seek to gain exposure to the commodity markets by investing, directly or indirectly, in futures contracts on individual commodities and other commodity-linked derivative instruments. Although the Fund may make these investments in commodity-linked derivative instruments directly, the Fund expects to primarily gain exposure to these investments by investing in a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Fund formed in the Cayman Islands (“Subsidiary”).
 
The Fund will invest in the Subsidiary in order to gain exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of the U.S. Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, applicable to “regulated investment companies.” The Fund must maintain no more than 25% of its total assets in the Subsidiary at the end of every quarter of its taxable year.
 
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The Subsidiary will be overseen by its own board of directors. However, the Fund’s Board of Trustees maintains oversight responsibility for investment activities of the Subsidiary generally as if the Subsidiary’s investments were held directly by the Fund. The Manager will be responsible for the Subsidiary’s day-to-day business pursuant to the investment management agreement between the Fund and the Manager, and Adviser will select the Subsidiary’s investments pursuant to the investment advisory agreement with the Manager, including the retention of subadvisers to manage the Subsidiary’s assets. Under these agreements, the Manager, Adviser and subadvisers will provide the Subsidiary with the same type of management, advisory and subadvisory services, under the same terms, as are provided to the Fund.
 
In managing the Subsidiary’s investment portfolio, and in adhering to the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures, the Manager and Adviser will treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally as if the assets were held directly by the Fund. The Manager and Adviser will also treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally as if the assets were held directly by the Fund with respect to its adherence to the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions.
 
The Subsidiary will also bear the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the custody, transfer agency, and audit services that it receives. The Fund currently expects that the expenses borne by the Subsidiary will not be material in relation to the value of the Fund’s assets.
 
Please refer to the Statement of Additional Information for additional information about the organization and management of the Subsidiary.
 
Information About Risks of Additional Potential Principal Investment Strategies
 
In addition to the risks described under the section “Principal Investment Risks,” the additional potential principal investment strategies are subject to these additional risks.
 
Commodity Risk. The Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s significant investment exposure to the commodities markets and/or a particular sector of the commodities markets, may subject the Fund and the Subsidiary to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities. The commodities markets may fluctuate widely based on a variety of factors, including changes in overall market movements, domestic and foreign political and economic events and policies, war, acts of terrorism, changes in domestic or foreign interest rates and/or investor expectations concerning interest rates, domestic and foreign inflation rates and investment and trading activities in commodities. Prices of various commodities may also be affected by factors such as drought, floods, weather, livestock disease, embargoes, tariffs and other regulatory developments. The frequency, duration and magnitude of such changes cannot be predicted. The prices of commodities can also fluctuate widely due to supply and demand disruptions in major producing or consuming regions. Certain commodities may be produced in a limited number of countries and may be controlled by a small number of producers or groups of producers. As a result, political, economic and supply related events in such countries could have a disproportionate impact on the prices of such commodities. No active trading market may exist for certain commodities investments, which may impair the ability of the Fund to sell or to realize the full value of such investments in the event of the need to liquidate such investments. In addition, adverse market conditions may impair the liquidity of actively traded commodities investments. Because the Fund’s and the Subsidiary’s performance is linked to the performance of potentially volatile commodities, investors should be willing to assume the risks of significant fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s shares.
 
Tax Risk. As a regulated investment company, the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income for each taxable year from sources treated as “qualifying income” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. Although that income does not include income derived directly from certain commodity-linked derivative instruments, the Internal Revenue Service (“Service”) has issued a large number of private letter rulings (which the Fund may not cite as precedent) in recent years that income from a wholly-owned foreign subsidiary (such as the Subsidiary) that earns income derived from commodity-linked derivative instruments is such “qualifying income.” The Service has suspended the issuance of such private letter rulings while it reviews the underlying policies. If the Service were to change those policies, the Fund would have to rely on an alternative basis to determine that its income from the Subsidiary is “qualifying income.” Such alternative bases are not supported by
 
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private letter rulings directly on point. If the Service disagreed with the Fund’s position, such that the Fund’s income from the Subsidiary is not “qualifying income,” the Fund may be unable to qualify as a regulated investment company for one or more years, meaning that all of its income and gains could be taxed first at the Fund level and again when paid out to shareholders. In that event, the Fund may not utilize all the potential additional investment strategies.
 
Subsidiary Risk. By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund is indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The commodity-linked derivative instruments and other investments held by the Subsidiary are similar to those that are permitted to be held by the Fund and thus, are subject to the same risks whether or not they are held by the Fund or the Subsidiary. There can be no assurance that the investment objective of the Subsidiary will be achieved. The Subsidiary is not registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the “1940 Act”), and, unless otherwise noted in this prospectus, is not subject to all the investor protections of the 1940 Act. However, the Fund wholly owns and controls the Subsidiary, and the investment manager of both the Fund and the Subsidiary is Neuberger Berman Management LLC and the investment adviser of both the Fund and the Subsidiary is NB Alternative Investment Management LLC, making it unlikely that the Subsidiary will take action contrary to the interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Fund’s Board of Trustees has oversight responsibility for the investment activities of the Fund, including its investment in the Subsidiary, and the Fund’s role as sole shareholder of the Subsidiary. In adhering to the Fund’s investment restrictions and limitations, Neuberger Berman Management LLC will treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally as if the assets were held directly by the Fund. Changes in the laws of the United States and/or the Cayman Islands, under which the Fund and the Subsidiary, respectively, are organized, could result in the inability of the Fund and/or the Subsidiary to operate as described in this prospectus and the Statement of Additional Information and could adversely affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands currently does not impose any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax on the Subsidiary. If Cayman Islands law were changed and the Subsidiary was required to pay Cayman Island taxes, the investment returns of the Fund would likely decrease.
 
Regulatory Risk. Governments, agencies, or other regulatory bodies may adopt or change laws or regulations that could adversely affect the issuer, the market value of the security, or the Fund’s performance.
 
The CFTC recently proposed significant changes in the way in which registered investment companies that invest in commodities markets are regulated. To the extent these proposals are adopted, the Fund may not be able to utilize all the potential additional investment strategies.
 
Information about Additional Risks
 
The Fund may engage in certain practices and invest in certain securities in addition to those described as its “principal investment strategies” in its Fund Summary section. For example, to the extent that the Fund engages in borrowing or securities lending, it will be subject to the additional risks associated with these practices.
 
Borrowing or securities lending could create investment leverage, meaning that certain gains or losses could be amplified, increasing share price movements. With respect to borrowing, the Fund may borrow money to obtain the collateral needed to borrow a security in order to effect a short sale of that security. The cost of borrowing to the Fund may exceed the profits attained on any such shorts positions. Similarly, the Fund may lend securities and use the collateral obtained from the securities loans as the collateral necessary to borrow a security on which the Fund is taking a short position. Securities lending involves some risk of loss of the Fund’s rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially.
 
When the Fund anticipates adverse market, economic, political or other conditions, or receives large cash inflows, it may temporarily depart from its goal and use a different investment strategy (including leaving a significant portion of its assets uninvested) for defensive purposes. Doing so could help the Fund avoid losses, but may mean lost opportunities. In addition, different factors could affect the Fund’s performance and the Fund may not achieve its goal.
 
 
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Management of the Fund
 
Investment Manager and Investment Adviser
 
Neuberger Berman Management LLC  is the Fund’s investment manager, administrator, and distributor. Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement, the Manager is responsible for providing investment advisory services to the Fund.  The Manager carries out its duties subject to the policies established by the Board of Trustees. The investment advisory agreement establishes the fees the Fund pays to the Manager for its services as the Fund’s investment manager and the expenses paid directly by the Fund. The Manager engages NBAIM as investment adviser to choose the Fund’s investments and handle its day-to-day business, including the oversight of the subadvisers’ investment activities. As investment manager, the Manager is responsible for overseeing the activities of the Adviser. Subject to the general oversight of the Board of Trustees, the Adviser is responsible for managing the Fund in accordance with its investment objective and policies using the multi-strategy and multi-manager approach discussed in the “Principal Investment Strategies” section of this Prospectus, and making recommendations to the Board of Trustees with respect to the hiring, termination or replacement of the Fund’s subadvisers. Together, the Neuberger Berman affiliates manage approximately $183 billion in total assets (as of 9/30/2011) and continue an asset management history that began in 1939.
 
The Fund will pay the Manager fees at the annual rate of 2.00% of the first $250 million, 1.975% of the next $250 million, 1.950% of the next $250 million, 1.925% of the next $250 million, 1.900% of the next $500 million, 1.875% of the next $2.5 billion, and 1.850% in excess of $4 billion of the Fund’s average daily net assets for investment management services. Each of Class A, Class C and Institutional Class of the Fund pays the Manager fees at the annual rate of 0.26%, 0.26% and 0.15%, respectively, of its average daily net assets for administrative services provided to the respective class of the Fund.
 
Portfolio Managers of the Adviser
 
Eric Weinstein, is a Managing Director of NBM and NBAIM. He joined the firm in 2002 and is the Chief Investment Officer for NBAIM and the Funds of Hedge Funds Team.
 
Jeff Majit, CFA, is a Managing Director of NBM and NBAIM. He joined the firm in 2000.
 
David Kupperman, Ph.D., is a Managing Director of NBM and NBAIM. Prior to joining the firm in 2011, he was a partner and member of the investment committee at another asset management firm that focused on alternative investing and managing fund-of-hedge funds.
 
Ian Haas, CFA, is a Senior Vice President of NBM and NBAIM. He joined the firm in 2000.
 
Fred Ingham, ACA, CFA, is a Senior Vice President of NBM and NBAIM. He joined the firm in 2005.
 
Messrs. Majit and Kupperman are primarily responsible for the on-going monitoring and oversight of the subadvisers. Messrs. Weinstein, Majit, Kupperman, Haas and Ingham are primarily responsible for analysis of investment strategies, including strategies to be added to the Fund and searches for and research on new potential subadvisers. When the Adviser invests the Fund’s assets directly, Messrs. Weinstein, Majit, Kupperman, Haas and Ingham are collectively responsible for security selection. Each of the Portfolio Managers has managed the Fund since its inception in 2012.
 
 
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Please see the Statement of Additional Information for additional information about the compensation of each Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, other accounts managed by each Portfolio Manager of the Adviser, and the ownership of shares in the Fund for each Portfolio Manager of the Adviser.
 
Subadvisers
 
The Manager and Adviser engages The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC, Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC, GAMCO Asset Management Inc., Levin Capital Strategies, L.P., MacKay Shields LLC, Sound Point Capital Management, L.P., Turner Investments, L.P., and Visium Asset Management, LP as subadvisers to provide investment management services. The Manager compensates the subadvisers out of the investment advisory fees it receives from the Fund. Each subadviser makes investment decisions for the assets it has been allocated to manage, subject to the overall supervision of the Manager and Adviser. The Adviser oversees the subadvisers for compliance with the Fund’s investment objective, policies, strategies and restrictions, and monitors each subadviser’s adherence to its investment style. The Board of Trustees oversees the Manager, Adviser and the subadvisers, establishes policies that they must follow in their management activities, and oversees the hiring and termination of subadvisers recommended by the Adviser.
 
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC (“The Boston Company”), located at One Boston Place, 14th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, manages the assets allocated to the small- and mid-cap equity long/short strategy. The Boston Company, founded in 1970, is a boutique asset management firm that consists of seven separate management teams. As of December 31, 2011, The Boston Company managed approximately $37.4 billion in total assets.
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC (“Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn”) located at 520 Madison Avenue, 20th Floor, New York, NY 10022, manages the assets allocated to the global equity long/short strategy. Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, founded in 1973, provides investment advisory services for mutual funds, hedge funds and other products. As of December 31, 2011, Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn managed approximately $12.5 billion in total assets.
 
GAMCO Asset Management Inc. (“Gabelli”) located at One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580, manages the assets allocated to the merger arbitrage strategy. Gabelli, founded in 1977, is a diversified asset manager and financial services company managing assets for high net worth individuals, institutions and retail investors through a variety of investment products. As of September 30, 2011, Gabelli managed approximately $31.3 billion in total assets.
 
Levin Capital Strategies, LP (“Levin Capital Strategies”) located at 595 Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10022, manages the assets allocated to the event driven strategy. Levin Capital Strategies, founded in 2005, is a registered investment adviser. As of December 31, 2011, Levin Capital Strategies managed approximately $4.8 billion in total assets.
 
MacKay Shields LLC (“MacKay Shields”) located at 9 West 57th Street, 33rd Floor, New York, NY 10019, manages the assets allocated to the credit long/short strategy. MacKay Shields, founded in 1938, is a registered investment adviser and a wholly owned subsidiary of New York Life Insurance Company. As of December 31, 2011, MacKay Shields managed approximately $58 billion in total assets.
 
Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. (“Sound Point Capital”) located at 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 36th Floor, New York, NY 10036 manages the assets allocated to the stressed and distressed credit strategy. Sound Point Capital is a registered investment adviser. As of [______], Sound Point Capital managed approximately $165 million in total assets.
 
Turner Investments, L.P. (“Turner Investments”) located at 1205 Westlakes Drive, Suite 100, Berwyn, Pa 19312, manages the assets allocated to the healthcare long/short strategy. Turner Investments, founded in 1990, provides investment advisory services for mutual funds, institutions, private wealth clients and other products. As of December 31, 2011, Turner Investments managed approximately $13.4 billion in total assets.
 
Visium Asset Management, LP (“Visium Asset Management”) located at 950 Third Avenue Floor 29, New York, NY 10222 manages the assets allocated to the event driven strategy. Visium Asset Management, founded in 2005, is a registered investment adviser. As of December 31, 2011, Visium Asset Management managed approximately $3.3 billion in total assets.
 
The Manager and the Fund has applied for an exemptive order from the SEC that will permit the Adviser to engage additional unaffiliated subadvisers, and to enter into and materially amend an existing or future subadvisory agreement with an
 
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unaffiliated subadviser, upon the approval of the Board of Trustees, without obtaining shareholder approval. The initial sole shareholder of the Fund has approved the Fund’s use of this exemptive order once issued by the SEC.
 
Portfolio Managers of the Subadvisers
 
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC
 
B. Randall Watts, CFA, is the Lead Portfolio Manager on The Boston Company’s US Small, Mid and Micro-Cap Growth Investment Team. He is also responsible for investment research covering the technology software, internet and media industries.
 
Todd W. Wakefield, CFA, is a Portfolio Manager on The Boston Company’s US Small, Mid and Micro-Cap Growth Investment Team. He is also responsible for investment research covering the consumer, energy and materials sectors.
 
Charles Trafton, CMT, is a Portfolio Manager on The Boston Company’s US Small, Mid and Micro-Cap Growth Investment Team. He is also responsible for investment research covering the financial and business services sectors.
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC
 
Jay Abramson, is the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer.
 
GAMCO Asset Management Inc.
 
Mario J. Gabelli, CFA, is the Chief Investment Officer-Value Portfolios of Gabelli and the Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of its parent company, GAMCO Investors, Inc. Mr. Gabelli is also an officer or director of other companies affiliated with GAMCO Investors, Inc.
 
Levin Capital Strategies, L.P.
 
Warren Empey, is a Portfolio Manager and Senior Securities Analyst.
 
MacKay Shields LLC
 
Dan Roberts, is a Senior Managing Director, Senior Portfolio Manager and Head of the Global Fixed Income Division of MacKay Shields LLC.
 
Lou Cohen, is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager.
 
Michael Kimble, is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager.
 
Taylor Wagenseil, is a Managing Director and Portfolio Manager.
 
Sound Point Capital Management, L.P.
 
Stephen Ketchum, is the Founder and Managing Partner.
 
Turner Investments, L.P.
 
Vijay Shankaran, Ph.D., is the Lead Portfolio Manager, Global Security Analyst and Principal.
 
Visium Asset Management   , LP
 
Francis Gallagher, is a Portfolio Manager.
 
Peter Dripp, is a Portfolio Manager.
 
 
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Financial Highlights
 
When this prospectus was prepared, the Fund had not yet commenced operations and had no financial highlights to report.
 

 
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Your Investment
 
Shares of the Fund generally are available only through investment providers. For Grandfathered Investors (as defined below), Class A and Class C shares of the Funds are also available directly from Neuberger Berman Management LLC. See “Maintaining Your Account” and “Grandfathered Investors”.
 
Choosing a Share Class
 
The Fund offers different classes of shares through this prospectus. Each share class is available through various investment programs or accounts, including certain types of retirement plans and accounts (see limitations below). The services or share classes available to you may vary depending upon how you wish to purchase shares of the Fund.
 
Each share class represents investment in the same portfolio of securities, but each class has its own sales charge and expense structure, allowing you to choose the class that best fits your situation. When you purchase shares of the Fund, you should choose a share class. If none is chosen, your investment will be made in Class A shares.
 
Factors you should consider in choosing a class of shares include:
 
§   how long you expect to own the shares
 
§ how much you intend to invest
 
§ total expenses associated with owning shares of each class
 
§ whether you qualify for any reduction or waiver of sales charges (for example, Class A shares may be a less expensive option than Class C shares over time, particularly if you qualify for a sales charge reduction or waiver)
 
§ whether you plan to take any distributions in the near future
 
§ availability of (and eligibility for) share classes.
 
Each investor’s financial considerations are different. You should speak with your investment provider to help you decide which share class is best for you.
 
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Summary of Primary Differences Among Share Classes
 
Class A Shares
 
Initial sales charge
Up to 5.75% (reduced for purchases of $50,000 or more and eliminated for purchases of $1 million or more)
Contingent deferred sales charge
None (except that a charge of 1.00% applies to certain redemptions made within 18 months following purchases of $1 million or more without an initial sales charge)
12b-1 fees
0.25% annually
Dividends
Generally higher than Class C due to lower annual expenses and lower than Institutional Class due to higher annual expenses
Purchase maximum
None
Conversion
None
Class C Shares
 
Initial sales charge
None
Contingent deferred sales charge
1.00% if shares are sold within one year after purchase
12b-1 fees
1.00% annually
Dividends
Generally lower than Class A and Institutional Class due to higher annual expenses
Purchase maximum
See the discussion regarding purchase minimums and maximums in “Maintaining Your Account”
Conversion
None
Institutional Class Shares
 
Initial sales charge
None
Contingent deferred sales charge
None
12b-1 fees
None
Dividends
Generally higher than Class A and Class C due to lower annual expenses
Purchase maximum
None
Conversion
None
 
Maintaining Your Account
 
Purchase of Class A and Class C shares — To open an account and purchase Class A and Class C shares of the Fund, contact any investment provider authorized to sell the Fund’s shares. See “Investment Providers” if you are buying shares through an investment provider.
 
For Grandfathered Investors (as defined below), instructions for buying shares directly from Neuberger Berman Management LLC are under “Buying Shares.”
 
Purchase of Institutional Class shares — To open an account and purchase Institutional Class shares of the Fund, contact any investment provider authorized to sell the Fund’s shares. See “Investment Providers”.
 
Institutional Class shares are available for purchase (i) primarily through omnibus accounts (either at the plan level or at the level of the investment provider) by 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, (ii) through omnibus accounts by banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with Neuberger Berman Management LLC or an affiliate, purchasing shares on behalf of clients participating in fixed or asset-based fee programs, (iii) by institutional investors, if approved by Neuberger Berman Management LLC, or (iv) by accounts or funds managed by Neuberger Berman Management LLC or an affiliate (including the funds in the Neuberger Berman family of funds).
 
When you buy shares — Investment checks must be drawn on a U.S. bank.
 
When you buy shares, you will receive the next share price to be calculated after your order has been accepted. Purchase orders are deemed “accepted” when the Fund’s transfer agent has received payment for the shares. In the case of certain institutional
 
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investors, Neuberger Berman Management LLC will process purchase orders when received on the basis of a pre-existing arrangement to make payment by the following morning. In addition, if you have established a systematic investment program (SIP) with the Fund, your order is deemed accepted on the date you pre-selected on your SIP application for the systematic investments to occur.
 
If you use an investment provider, you should check with that provider to find out by what time your purchase order must be received so that it can be processed the same day. Depending on when it accepts orders, it is possible that the Fund’s share price could change on days when you are unable to buy shares.
 
Whenever you make an initial investment in the Fund or add to your existing account (except with an automatic investment), you will be sent a statement confirming your transaction if you bought shares directly. Investors who bought shares through an investment provider should contact their investment provider for information regarding transaction statements.
 
Purchase minimums — The minimum initial investment in Class A or Class C shares is $1,000. Additional investments in Class A or Class C shares can be as little as $100. The minimum initial investment in Institutional Class shares is $1 million. These minimums may be waived in certain cases. See the Statement of Additional Information for more information.
 
Purchase maximums — For Class C shares, a purchase transaction may not (1) be $1 million or above or (2) increase an investor’s aggregate holdings in Class C shares to $1 million or above.
 
In addition, if you have significant holdings in the fund family, you may not be eligible to invest in Class C shares. Specifically, you may not purchase Class C shares if you are eligible to purchase Class A shares at the $1 million or more sales charge discount rate (i.e., at net asset value). See “Sales Charges” and the Statement of Additional Information for more information regarding sales charge discounts.
 
When you sell shares — To sell shares you bought through an investment provider, contact your investment provider. See “Investment Providers” if you are selling shares through an investment provider. For Grandfathered Investors, instructions for selling shares are under “Selling Shares.”
 
When you sell shares, you will receive the next share price to be calculated after your order has been accepted, minus any applicable contingent deferred sales charge. Redemption orders are deemed “accepted” when the Fund’s transfer agent has received your order to sell.
 
If you use an investment provider, you should check with that provider to find out by what time your redemption order must be received so that it can be processed the same day. Depending on when it accepts orders, it is possible that the Fund’s share price could change on days when you are unable to sell shares.
 
In some cases, you will have to place your order to sell shares in writing, and you will need a Medallion signature guarantee (see “Medallion Signature Guarantees”).
 
When selling Class A or Class C shares in an account that you do not intend to close, remember to leave at least $1,000 worth of shares in the account. When selling Institutional Class shares in an account that you do not intend to close, remember to leave at least $1 million worth of shares in the account. Otherwise, the Fund has the right to request that you bring the balance back up to the minimum level. If you have not done so within 60 days, we may close your account and redeem the proceeds.
 
The Fund reserves the right to pay in kind for redemptions. The Fund does not redeem in kind under normal circumstances, but would do so when the Board of Trustees has determined that it is in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders as a whole. Institutional Class shareholders are urged to call 800-366-6264 before effecting any large redemption.
 
Class A and Class C only — If you notify your investment provider, you may reinvest proceeds from a redemption, dividend payment or capital gain distribution without a sales charge in the Fund or another fund in the fund family provided the reinvestment occurs within 90 days after the date of the redemption or distribution and is made into the same account from which you redeemed the shares or received the distribution. If the account has been closed, reinvestment can be made without a sales charge if the new receiving account has the same registration as the closed account. Proceeds from a redemption and all dividend payments and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in the same share class from which the original redemption or distribution was made. Any contingent deferred sales charge on Class A or Class C shares will be credited to
 
32
 
 
 

 

your account. Proceeds will be reinvested at the next calculated net asset value after your request is accepted. Redemption proceeds from a systematic withdrawal plan are not eligible for reinvestment without a sales charge. This paragraph does not apply to rollover investments as described under “Rollovers from retirement plans to IRAs.”
 
Uncashed checks — We do not pay interest on uncashed checks from Fund distributions or the sale of Fund shares. We are not responsible for checks after they are sent to you. Checks will not be forwarded if the address of record is incorrect. After allowing a reasonable time for delivery, please call us if you have not received an expected check. While we cannot track a check, we may make arrangements for a replacement.
 
When you exchange Class A and Class C shares — Generally, you can move an investment from one fund to a comparable class of another fund in the fund family (or to an eligible money market fund outside the fund family) through an exchange of shares or by electing to use your cash distributions from one fund to purchase shares of the other fund, both without a sales charge. Exchanges from eligible money market funds outside the fund family will be subject to applicable sales charges on the fund being purchased, unless the eligible money market fund shares were acquired through an exchange from a fund in the fund family having a sales charge or by reinvestment or cross-reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions from a fund in the fund family having a sales charge. Currently, most, but not all, funds in the fund family offer Class A and Class C shares.
 
When you exchange Institutional Class shares — Generally, you can move an investment from one fund to a comparable class of another fund in the fund family (or to an eligible money market fund outside the fund family) through an exchange of shares or by electing to use your cash distributions from one fund to purchase shares of the other fund.
 
When you exchange shares — There are three things to remember when making an exchange:
 
§ both accounts must have the same registration
 
§ you will need to observe the minimum investment and minimum account balance requirements for the fund accounts involved
 
§ because an exchange is treated as a sale of the exchanged shares for tax purposes, consider any tax consequences before placing your order.
 
The exchange privilege can be withdrawn from any investor that we believe is trying to “time the market” or is otherwise making exchanges that we judge to be excessive. Frequent exchanges can interfere with Fund management and affect costs and performance for other shareholders. Contact your investment providers to see if they allow you to take advantage of the fund exchange program and for its policies to effect an exchange.
 
Grandfathered Investors generally are also eligible to take advantage of the exchange privilege assuming that they meet the requirements set forth above.
 
Placing orders by telephone — If you use an investment provider, contact your investment provider for its policies regarding telephone orders.
 
Grandfathered Investors have the option of placing telephone orders, subject to certain restrictions. This option is available to you unless you indicate on your account application (or in a subsequent letter to us or to State Street Bank and Trust Company) that you do not want it.
 
Whenever we receive a telephone order, we take steps to make sure the order is legitimate. These may include asking for identifying information and recording the call. As long as the Fund and its representatives take reasonable measures to verify the authenticity of calls, investors may be responsible for any losses caused by unauthorized telephone orders.
 
In unusual circumstances, it may be difficult to place an order by phone. In these cases, consider sending your order by express delivery.
 
Proceeds from the sale of shares — For Class A and Class C shares, the proceeds from the shares you sell are generally sent out within three business days after your order is executed, and nearly always within seven days. For Institutional Class shares, the proceeds from the shares you sell are generally sent out the next business day after your order is executed, and nearly
 
33
 
 
 

 

always within seven days. When you sell shares through your investment provider, contact your provider to find out when proceeds will be sent to you. There are two cases in which proceeds may be delayed beyond this time:
 
§ in unusual circumstances where the law allows additional time if needed
 
§ if a check you wrote to buy shares has not cleared by the time you sell those shares; clearance may take up to 15 calendar days from the date of purchase.
 
If you think you may need to sell shares soon after buying them, you can avoid the check clearing time by investing by wire.
 
The Fund does not issue certificates for shares.
 
Other policies — Under certain circumstances, the Fund reserves the right to:
 
§ suspend the offering of shares
 
§ reject any exchange or purchase order
 
§ suspend or reject future purchase orders from any investor who does not provide payment to settle a purchase order
 
§ change, suspend, or revoke the exchange privilege
 
§ suspend the telephone order privilege
 
§ satisfy an order to sell Funds shares with securities rather than cash, for certain very large orders
 
§ suspend or postpone your right to sell Fund shares or postpone payments on redemptions for more than seven days, on days when trading on the New York Stock Exchange (“Exchange”) is restricted, or as otherwise permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”)
 
§ suspend or postpone your right to sell Fund shares or postpone payments on redemptions for more than seven days, on days when the Exchange or the bond market is closed
 
§ suspend or postpone your right to sell Fund shares or postpone payments on redemptions for more than seven days, on days when the Exchange, the Federal Reserve or the bond market closes early (e.g., on the eve of a major holiday or because of a local emergency, such as a blizzard)
 
§ change its investment minimums or other requirements for buying and selling, or waive any minimums or requirements for certain investors
 
§ remain open and process orders to purchase or sell Fund shares when the Exchange is closed.
 
Medallion Signature Guarantees
 
You may need a Medallion signature guarantee when you sell shares directly or through an investment provider. A Medallion signature guarantee is a guarantee that your signature is authentic.
 
Medallion signature guarantees are required for a variety of transactions including requests for changes to your account or to the instructions for distribution of proceeds. We reserve the right to require a Medallion signature guarantee on any transaction at our discretion.
 
Most banks, brokers, and other financial institutions can provide you with one. Some may charge a fee; others may not, particularly if you are a customer of theirs.
 
A notarized signature from a notary public is not a Medallion signature guarantee.
 
 
Investment Providers
 
The shares available in this prospectus can be purchased through certain investment providers such as banks, brokerage firms, workplace retirement programs, and financial advisers.
 
The minimum aggregate size for each investment provider’s account with the Fund is $1 million for Institutional Class shares. This minimum does not apply to your individual account; however, your
 
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investment provider may establish a minimum size for individual accounts. Neuberger Berman Management LLC can waive this $1 million minimum for investment providers in appropriate cases.
 
The fees and policies outlined in this prospectus are set by the Fund and by Neuberger Berman Management LLC. However, if you use an investment provider, most of the information you will need for managing your investment will come from that provider. This includes information on how to buy and sell shares, investor services, and additional policies.
 
If you use an investment provider, contact that provider to buy or sell shares of the Fund described in this prospectus.
 
Most investment providers allow you to take advantage of the fund exchange program, which is designed for moving an investment from one fund to a comparable class of another fund in the fund family through an exchange of shares. Currently, most, but not all, funds in the fund family offer Class A and Class C shares.
In exchange for the services it offers, your investment provider may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this prospectus.
 
Additional Payments to Investment Providers
 
Neuberger Berman Management LLC and/or its affiliates pay additional compensation, out of their own resources and not as an expense of the Fund, to certain investment providers or other financial intermediaries, including affiliates, in connection with the sale, distribution, retention and/or servicing of Fund shares. If your investment provider receives such payments, these payments may create an incentive for your investment provider or its employees to recommend or sell shares of the Fund to you. If you have purchased shares of the Fund through an investment provider, please speak with your investment provider to learn more about any payments it receives from Neuberger Berman Management LLC and/or its affiliates, as well as fees and/or commissions the investment provider charges. You should also consult disclosures made by your investment provider at the time of purchase. Any such payments by Neuberger Berman Management LLC or its affiliates will not change the net asset value or the price of the Fund’s shares. For more information, please see the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information.
 
Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Fees
 
The Fund has adopted plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the Investment Company Act of 1940. Under the plans, Class A and Class C pay the Fund’s distributor, Neuberger Berman Management LLC, at an annual rate of 0.25% and 1.00%, respectively, of their average net assets to compensate financial intermediaries for providing distribution related services to the Fund and/or administrative or shareholder services to Fund shareholders. Neuberger Berman Management LLC may also retain part of this fee as compensation for providing these services. These fees increase the cost of investment. Over the long term, they could result in higher overall costs than other types of sales charges.
 
Information Required From New Accounts
 
To help the U.S. government fight the funding of terrorism and money laundering activities, federal law requires all financial institutions to obtain, verify, and record information that identifies each person who opens an account.
 
When you open an account, we (which may include your investment provider acting on our behalf) will require your name, address, date of birth, and social security number or other identifying number. We may also require other identifying documents. If we cannot verify the information you supply to us or if it is incomplete, we may be required to return your funds or redeem your account.
 

 
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Retirement Plans and Accounts
 
If you use an investment provider, contact that provider for information on retirement plans or accounts it may make available for investment in Fund shares.
 
Rollovers from Retirement Plans to IRAs
 
Assets from a retirement plan may be invested in Class A or Class C shares through an individual retirement account (“IRA”) rollover. Assets from a retirement plan invested in Class A shares through an IRA rollover will be subject to applicable sales charges and the terms and conditions generally applicable to Class A share investments described in this prospectus and in the Statement of Additional Information.
 
Internet Access
 
If you use an investment provider, contact that provider about the services and information it provides on the Internet.
 
Share Prices
 
Because Class A shares of the Fund have an initial sales charge, the price you pay for each Class A share is the offering price, which is the Fund’s net asset value per share plus any applicable sales charge. The initial sales charge for Class A shares of the Fund may be eliminated in certain circumstances. Because Class C shares of the Fund does not have an initial sales charge, the price you pay for each Class C share of the Fund is the Fund’s net asset value per share. Unless a contingent deferred sales charge is applied, the Fund pays you the full share price when you sell Class A or Class C shares (see “Sales Charges” for more information).
 
Because Institutional Class shares of the Fund do not have a sales charge, the price you pay for each Institutional Class share of the Fund is the Fund’s net asset value per share. Similarly, because there are no fees for selling Institutional Class shares, the Fund pays you the full share price when you sell Institutional Class shares.
 
If you use an investment provider, that provider may charge fees that are in addition to those described in this prospectus.
 
The Fund is open for business every day the Exchange is open. The Exchange is generally closed on all national holidays and Good Friday; Fund shares will not be priced on those days or other days on which the Exchange is closed. The Fund may decide to remain open on a day when the Exchange is closed for unusual reasons. In such a case, the Fund would post a notice on www.nb.com.
 
The Fund calculates its share price as of the end of regular trading on the Exchange on business days, usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time. In general, every buy or sell order you place will go through at the next share price calculated after your order has been accepted (see “Maintaining Your Account” for information on placing orders). If you use an investment provider, you should check with that provider to find out by what time your order must be received so that it can be processed the same day. Depending on when it accepts orders, it is possible that the Fund’s share price could change on days when you are unable to buy or sell shares.
 
Because foreign markets may be open on days when U.S. markets are closed, the value of foreign securities owned by the Fund could change on days when you cannot buy or sell Fund shares. Remember, though, any purchase or sale takes place at the next share price calculated after your order is accepted.
 
Share Price Calculations
 
The net asset value per share of each class of the Fund is the total value of Fund assets attributable to shares of that class minus the liabilities attributable to that class, divided by the total number of shares outstanding for that class. Because the value of the Fund’s portfolio securities changes every business day, its share price usually changes as well.
 

 
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Equity securities (including securities issued by ETFs) held by the Fund generally are valued by one or more independent pricing services approved by the Board of Trustees at the last reported sale price or official closing price or, if there is no reported sale or official closing price, on the basis of market quotations. Debt securities (other than short-term securities) held by the Fund generally are valued by one or more independent pricing services approved by the Board of Trustees on the basis of market quotations. Short-term securities held by the Fund may be valued on the basis of amortized cost.
 
If a valuation for a security is not available from an independent pricing service or if Neuberger Berman Management LLC believes in good faith that the valuation does not reflect the amount the Fund would receive on a current sale of that security, the Fund seeks to obtain quotations from principal market makers. If such quotations are not readily available, the Fund may use a fair value estimate made according to methods approved by the Board of Trustees. The Fund may also use these methods to value certain types of illiquid securities. Fair value pricing generally will be used if the market in which a portfolio security trades closes early or if trading in a particular security was halted during the day and did not resume prior to the Fund’s net asset value calculation.
 
The Fund may also fair value securities that trade in a foreign market if significant events that appear likely to affect the value of those securities occur between the time the foreign market closes and the time the Exchange closes. Significant events may include (1) corporate actions or announcements that affect a single issuer, (2) governmental actions that affect securities in one sector, country or region, (3) natural disasters or armed conflicts that affect a country or region, or (4) significant domestic or foreign market fluctuations.
 
The effect of using fair value pricing is that a portfolio security will be priced based on the subjective judgment of Neuberger Berman Management LLC, operating under procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, instead of being priced using valuations from an independent pricing service. Fair value pricing can help to protect the Fund by reducing arbitrage opportunities available to short-term traders, but there is no assurance that fair value pricing will completely prevent dilution of the Fund’s net asset value by such traders.
 
Privileges and Services
 
If you purchase shares through an investment provider, consult your investment provider for information about privileges and services. If you are a Grandfathered Investor, see “Grandfathered Investors” for information about privileges and services.
 
Sales Charges
 
Class A Sales Charges — The initial sales charge you pay each time you buy Class A shares differs depending upon the amount you invest and may be reduced or eliminated for larger purchases as indicated below. The “offering price,” the price you pay to buy shares, includes any applicable sales charge, which will be deducted directly from your investment. Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions are not subject to an initial sales charge.
 
37
 
 
 

 

 
 
Sales charges as a percentage of:
 
Investment
Offering Price
Net amount
invested
Dealer
commission
as a percentage of
offering price
 
Less than $50,000
5.75%
6.10%
5.00%
$50,000 but less than $100,000
4.75%
4.99%
4.00%
$100,000 but less than $250,000
3.75%
3.90%
3.00%
$250,000 but less than $500,000
2.75%
2.83%
2.25%
$500,000 but less than $1 million
2.00%
2.04%
1.75%
$1 million or more and certain other investments described below
None
None
See  below
 
The sales charge, expressed as a percentage of the offering price or the net amount invested, may be higher or lower than the percentages described in the table above due to rounding. This is because the dollar amount of the sales charge is determined by subtracting the net asset value of the shares purchased from the offering price, which is calculated to two decimal places using standard rounding criteria. The impact of rounding will vary with the size of the investment and the net asset value of the shares. Similarly, any contingent deferred sales charge paid by you on investments in Class A shares may be higher or lower than the 1% charge described below due to rounding.
 
Except as provided below, investments in Class A shares of $1 million or more may be subject to a 1% contingent deferred sales charge if the shares are sold within 18 months of purchase. The contingent deferred sales charge is a percentage of the original purchase price or the current market value of the shares being sold, whichever is less.
 
Class A purchases not subject to sales charges — The following investments are not subject to any initial or contingent deferred sales charge if Neuberger Berman Management LLC is properly notified of the nature of the investment:
 
§ investments in Class A shares made by endowments or foundations with $50 million or more in assets
 
§ investments in Class A shares by Grandfathered Investors (see “Grandfathered Investors” for more information)
 
§ investments made by accounts that are part of certain qualified fee-based programs and that purchased Class A shares before the discontinuation of your investment dealer’s load-waived A share program with the fund family.
 
Neuberger Berman Management LLC may pay investment providers up to 1% on investments made in Class A shares with no initial sales charge. The Fund may reimburse Neuberger Berman Management LLC for all or a portion of these payments through its plans of distribution. See “Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Fees” for additional information regarding the Fund’s plans of distribution.
 
Certain other investors may qualify to purchase shares without a sales charge, such as employees of investment providers authorized to sell funds in the fund family, employees of Neuberger Berman and members of the Fund’s Board of Trustees. Please see the Statement of Additional Information for more information.
 
Class C Sales Charges — Class C shares are sold without any initial sales charge. For Class C shares, a contingent deferred sales charge of 1% applies if shares are sold within one year of purchase.
 
Any contingent deferred sales charge paid by you on investments in Class C shares, expressed as a percentage of the applicable redemption amount, may be higher or lower than the percentages described above due to rounding.
 
Shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions are not subject to a contingent deferred sales charge. In addition, the contingent deferred sales charge may be waived in certain circumstances. See “Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers - Contingent deferred sales charge waivers”. The contingent deferred sales charge is a percentage of the original purchase price or the current market value of the shares being sold, whichever is less. For purposes of determining the contingent deferred sales charge, if you sell only some of your shares, shares that are not subject to any contingent deferred sales charge will be sold first, followed by shares that you have owned the longest. Neuberger Berman Management LLC pays
 
38
 
 
 

 
 
1% of the amount invested to investment providers who sell Class C shares. See “Distribution and Shareholder Servicing Fees” for information regarding the Fund’s plans of distribution.
 
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
 
To receive a reduction in your Class A initial sales charge, you or your investment provider must let Neuberger Berman Management LLC know at the time you purchase shares that you qualify for such a reduction. If you or your investment provider does not let Neuberger Berman Management LLC know that you are eligible for a reduction, you may not receive a sales charge discount to which you are otherwise entitled. In order to determine your eligibility to receive a sales charge discount, it may be necessary for you or your investment provider to provide Neuberger Berman Management LLC with information and records (including account statements) of all relevant accounts invested in the fund family. To have your Class A or Class C contingent deferred sales charge waived, you or your investment provider must let Neuberger Berman Management LLC know at the time you redeem shares that you qualify for such a waiver.
 
In addition to the information below, you may obtain more information about sales charge reductions and waivers from the Statement of Additional Information, from your investment provider or at http://www.nb.com.
 
Reducing your Class A initial sales charge — Consistent with the policies described in this prospectus, you and your “immediate family” (your spouse — or equivalent if recognized under local law — and your children under the age of 21) may combine all of your investments in the fund family to reduce your Class A sales charge.
 
Aggregating accounts to reduce Class A initial sales charge — To receive a reduced Class A sales charge, investments made by you and your immediate family (see above) may be aggregated if made for your own account(s) and/or certain other accounts, such as:
 
§ trust accounts established by the above individuals (please see the Statement of Additional Information for details regarding aggregation of trust accounts where the person(s) who established the trust is/are deceased)
 
§ solely controlled business accounts
 
§ single-participant retirement plans.
 
Concurrent purchases to reduce Class A initial sales charge — You may combine simultaneous purchases (including, upon your request, purchases for gifts) of any class of shares of two or more funds in the fund family to qualify for a reduced Class A sales charge.
 
Rights of accumulation to reduce Class A initial sales charge — You may take into account your accumulated holdings in all share classes of the fund family to determine the initial sales charge you pay on each purchase of Class A shares. Subject to your investment provider’s capabilities, your accumulated holdings will be calculated as the higher of (a) the current value of your existing holdings or (b) the amount you invested (excluding capital appreciation) less any withdrawals. Please see the Statement of Additional Information for details. You should retain any records necessary to substantiate the historical amounts you have invested. If you make a gift of shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your accounts in the fund family.
 
Letter of Intent to reduce Class A initial sales charge — You may reduce your Class A sales charge by establishing a letter of intent. A letter of intent allows you to combine all purchases of all share classes of funds in the fund family you intend to make over a 13-month period (the “Period”) to determine the applicable sales charge; however, purchases made under a right of reinvestment, appreciation of your holdings, and reinvested dividends and capital gain distributions do not count as purchases made during the Period. The market value of your existing holdings eligible to be aggregated as of the day immediately before the start of the Period may be credited toward satisfying the statement. A portion of your account may be held in escrow to cover additional Class A sales charges that may be due if your total purchases over the Period do not qualify you for the applicable sales charge reduction. Employer sponsored retirement plans may be restricted from establishing a letter of intent. See “Sales Charges” for more information.
 
Right of reinvestment — Please see “Maintaining Your Account — When you sell shares” for information on how to reinvest proceeds from a redemption, dividend payment or capital gain distribution without a sales charge.
 
 
39
 
 
 

 

Contingent deferred sales charge waivers — The contingent deferred sales charge on Class A and Class C shares may be waived in the following cases:
 
§ permitted exchanges of shares, except if shares acquired by exchange are then redeemed within the period during which contingent deferred sales charge would apply to the initial shares purchased
 
§ tax-free returns of excess contributions to IRAs
 
§ redemptions due to death or post-purchase disability of the shareholder (this generally excludes accounts registered in the names of trusts and other entities)
 
§ distributions from an IRA upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 59½
 
§ IRA rollover from a fund in the fund family held in an employer sponsored retirement plan to Class A shares
 
§ redemptions due to the complete termination of a trust upon the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, but only if such termination is specifically provided for in the trust document
 
§ the following types of transactions, if together they do not exceed 12% of the value of an account annually (see the Statement of Additional Information for more information about waivers regarding these types of transactions):
 
§ redemptions due to receiving required minimum distributions from retirement accounts upon reaching age 70 ½ (required minimum distributions that continue to be taken by the beneficiary(ies) after the account owner is deceased also qualify for a waiver)
 
§ if you have established a systematic withdrawal plan, redemptions through such a plan (including any dividends and/or capital gain distributions taken in cash)
 
§ if no commission or transaction fee is paid by the distributor to authorized dealers at the time of purchase.
 
Exchanges of shares — Exchanges of shares are generally not subject to any applicable sales charges. However, exchanges from eligible money market funds outside the fund family will be subject to applicable sales charges on the fund being purchased, unless the eligible money market fund shares were acquired through an exchange from a fund in the fund family having a sales charge or by reinvestment or cross-reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions from a fund in the fund family having a sales charge.
 
Distributions and Taxes
 
Distributions — The Fund pays out to its shareholders any net investment income and net realized capital gains. Ordinarily, the Fund makes any distributions once a year (in December).
 
Unless you designate otherwise, your income and capital gain distributions from the Fund will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing Class of the Fund. However, if you prefer, you may receive all distributions in cash or reinvest capital gain distributions but receive income distributions in cash. Distributions taken in cash can be sent to you by check or by electronic transfer to a designated bank account or invested in shares of the same Class of another fund in the fund family with the same account registration. To take advantage of one of these options, please indicate your choice on your application. If you use an investment provider, you must consult it about whether your income and capital gain distributions will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing Class of the Fund or paid to you in cash.
 
How distributions are taxed — Except for tax-advantaged retirement plans and accounts and other tax-exempt investors (collectively, “exempt investors”), all Fund distributions you receive are generally taxable to you, regardless of whether you take them in cash or reinvest them in additional Fund shares.
 
Fund distributions to IRAs, Roth IRAs, and qualified retirement plans generally are tax-free. Eventual withdrawals from a Roth IRA also may be tax-free, while withdrawals from other retirement accounts and plans generally are subject to tax.
 
Distributions generally are taxable to you in the year you receive them. In some cases, however, distributions you receive in January are taxable as if they had been paid the previous December 31. Your tax statement (see “Taxes and You”) will help clarify this for you.

 
 
40
 
 
 

 
 
Distributions of net investment income and the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss (“dividends”) are generally taxed as ordinary income. However, the Fund’s dividends attributable to “qualified dividend income” (generally, dividends it receives on stock of most U.S. and certain foreign corporations with respect to which it satisfies certain holding period and other restrictions) are subject to a 15% maximum federal income tax rate for individual shareholders who satisfy those restrictions with respect to their Fund shares on which the dividends are paid.
 
Distributions of net capital gain (i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) are generally taxed as long-term capital gain and are subject to that 15% maximum tax rate for individual shareholders. The tax treatment of capital gain distributions depends on how long the Fund held the securities it sold that generated the gain, not when you bought your shares of the Fund or whether you reinvested your distributions.
 
If, for any taxable year, the Fund distributes an amount that exceeds its taxable income and net realized gains for that year  —  which might result from, among other things, the difference between book and tax accounting treatment of certain derivatives and foreign currency transactions  —  that excess generally will be treated as a non-taxable return of capital, which will reduce your tax basis in your Fund shares. To the extent that excess is greater than your tax basis, it will be treated as gain from a sale of your shares (taxed as described below).
 
How share transactions are taxed — When you sell (redeem) or exchange Fund shares, you generally will realize a taxable gain or loss. An exception, once again, applies to tax-advantaged retirement plans and accounts and other tax-exempt investors. Any capital gain an individual shareholder recognizes on a redemption or exchange of his or her Fund shares that have been held for more than one year will qualify for the 15% maximum federal income tax rate mentioned above.
 
Additional tax — The Health Care Reform and Education Reconciliation Act of 2010 requires an individual to pay a 3.8% tax on the lesser of (1) the individual’s “net investment income,” which generally includes dividends, interest, and net gains from the disposition of investment property (including dividends and capital gain distributions the Fund pays), or (2) the excess of the individual’s “modified adjusted gross income” over a threshold amount ($250,000 for married persons filing jointly and $200,000 for single taxpayers), for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012. This tax is in addition to any other taxes due on that income. A similar tax will apply for those years to estates and trusts. Shareholders should consult their own tax advisers regarding the effect, if any, this provision may have on their investment in Fund shares.
 
Taxes and You
 
The taxes you actually owe on Fund distributions and share transactions can vary with many factors, such as your marginal tax bracket, how long you held your shares and whether you owe alternative minimum tax.
 
How can you figure out your tax liability on Fund distributions and share transactions? One helpful tool is the tax statement that we or your investment provider typically sends you by February. It details the distributions you received during the past year and shows their tax status. That statement, or a separate statement from us or your investment provider, covers your share transactions.
 
Most importantly, consult your tax professional. Everyone’s tax situation is different, and your tax professional should be able to help you answer any questions you may have.
 
Backup Withholding
 
The Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury at the backup withholding rate from the money you are otherwise entitled to receive from its distributions and redemption proceeds (regardless of whether you realized a gain or loss) if you are an individual or certain other non-corporate shareholder who fails to provide a correct taxpayer identification number to the Fund. Withholding at that rate also is required from the Fund’s distributions to which you are otherwise entitled if you are such a shareholder and the Internal Revenue Service tells us that you are subject to backup withholding or you are subject to backup withholding for any other reason.
 
 
41
 
 
 

 

In the case of a custodial account for a newborn, if a social security number has been applied for but is not available when you complete the account application, you may open the account without that number, if we receive (from you or your investment provider) the custodian’s date of birth and social security number together with a copy of the request made to the Social Security Administration for the newborn’s social security number. However, we must receive the new number within 60 days or the account will be closed. For information on custodial accounts, call 800-877-9700. If you use an investment provider, consult it about opening a custodial account.
 
If you are an investment provider, you must supply your signed taxpayer identification number form to your investment provider, and it must supply its taxpayer identification number to us, in order to avoid backup withholding.
 
Buying Shares Before a Distribution
 
The money the Fund earns, either as income or as capital gains, is reflected in its share price until it distributes the money. At that time, the amount of the distribution is deducted from the share price. The amount of the distribution is either reinvested in additional shares of the distributing Class of the Fund or paid to shareholders in cash.
 
Because of this, if you buy shares of the Fund just before it makes a distribution, you will end up getting some of your investment back as a taxable distribution. You can avoid this situation by waiting to invest until after the record date for the distribution.
 
Generally, if you are investing in the Fund through a tax-advantaged retirement plan or account or are otherwise an exempt investor, there are no tax consequences to you from distributions.
 
Grandfathered Investors
 
“Grandfathered Investors” are investors in any fund in the Neuberger Berman family of funds who hold their shares directly with Neuberger Berman, who established accounts in Investor Class or Trust Class shares prior to March 1, 2008, and who have continuously maintained an account directly with Neuberger Berman since that date. A Grandfathered Investor’s “immediate family” (his or her spouse — or equivalent if recognized under local law — and his or her children under the age of 21) are also deemed “Grandfathered Investors.” A Grandfathered Investor’s mother, father, sister, or brother may open a custodial account for the Grandfathered Investor’s minor children. Grandfathered Investors do not include any investment providers who have accounts with a fund or shareholders who invest through such investment providers.
 
Statements and Confirmations — Please review your account statements and confirmations carefully as soon as you receive them. You must contact us within 30 days if you have any questions or notice any discrepancies. Otherwise, you may adversely affect your right to make a claim about the transaction(s).
 
Systematic Investments — This plan lets you take advantage of dollar-cost averaging by establishing periodic investments of $100 or more a month. You choose the schedule and amount. Your investment money may come from an eligible money market fund outside the fund family or your bank account.
 
Systematic Withdrawals — This plan lets you arrange withdrawals of at least $100 from a fund in the fund family on a periodic schedule. You can also set up payments to distribute the full value of an account over a given time. While this service can be helpful to many investors, be aware that it could generate capital gains or losses.
 
Electronic Bank Transfers — When you sell Fund shares, you can have the money sent to your bank account electronically rather than mailed to you as a check. Please note that your bank must be a member of the Automated Clearing House, or ACH, system.
 
FUND fone   ® — Get up-to-date performance and account information through our 24-hour automated service by calling 800-335-9366.
 
 
42
 
 
 

 

Dollar-Cost Averaging
 
Systematic investing allows you to take advantage of the principle of dollar-cost averaging. When you make regular investments of a given amount — say, $100 a month — you will end up investing at different share prices over time. When the share price is high, your $100 buys fewer shares; when the share price is low, your $100 buys more shares. Over time, this can help lower the average price you pay per share.
 
Dollar-cost averaging cannot guarantee you a profit or protect you from losses in a declining market. But it can be beneficial over the long term.
 
Internet Access
 
Grandfathered Investors with Internet access can enjoy many valuable and time-saving features by visiting us at www.nb.com.
 
The site offers more complete information on our funds, including current performance data, portfolio manager interviews, tax information plus educational articles, news and analysis. You can tailor the site so it serves up information that is most relevant to you.
 
As a Fund shareholder, you can use the web site to access account information 24 hours a day.
 
Retirement Plans and Accounts
 
We offer Grandfathered Investors a number of tax-advantaged plans and accounts for retirement saving:
 
Traditional IRAs allow money to grow tax-deferred until you take it out, usually at or after retirement. Contributions are deductible for some investors, but even when they are not, an IRA can be beneficial.
 
Roth IRAs offer tax-free growth like a traditional IRA, but instead of tax-deductible contributions, the withdrawals are tax-free for investors who meet certain requirements.
 
Also available: SEP-IRA, SIMPLE-IRA, Keogh, and other types of plans. Coverdell Education Savings Accounts (formerly Education IRAs), though not for retirement savings, also are available. Consult your tax professional to find out which types of plans or accounts may be beneficial for you. Call 800-877-9700 for information on any Neuberger Berman retirement plan or account.
 
 
43
 
 
 

 

If you are a Grandfathered Investor buying or selling shares, instructions are provided in the following charts.
 
Buying Shares – Grandfathered Investors
 
Method
Things to know
 
Instructions
Sending us
a check
Your first investment must be at least $1,000
Additional investments can be as little as $100
We cannot accept cash, money orders, starter checks, cashier’s checks, travelers checks, or other cash equivalents
You will be responsible for any losses or fees resulting from a bad check; if necessary, we may sell other shares belonging to you in order to cover these losses
All checks must be made out to “Neuberger Berman Funds”; we cannot accept checks made out to you or other parties and signed over to us
 
Fill out the application and enclose your check
If regular first-class mail, send to:
Neuberger Berman Funds
Boston Service Center
P.O. Box 8403
Boston, MA 02266-8403
If express delivery, registered mail, or
certified mail, send to:
Neuberger Berman Funds
c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021
 
Wiring money
All wires must be for at least $1,000
 
Before wiring any money, call 800-877-9700 for an order confirmation
Have your financial institution send your wire to State Street Bank and Trust Company
Include your name, the Fund name, your account number and other information as requested
 
Exchanging
from
another fund
All exchanges must be for at least $1,000
Both accounts involved must be registered in the same name, address and taxpayer ID number
An exchange order cannot be cancelled or changed once it has been placed
 
 
Call 800-877-9700 to place your order
By telephone
We do not accept phone orders for a first investment
Additional shares will be purchased when your order is accepted
Not available on retirement accounts
 
 
Call 800-877-9700 to notify us of your purchase
Immediately follow up with a wire or electronic transfer
Setting up
systematic
investments
All investments must be at least $100
 
Call 800-877-9700 for instructions

 
44
 
 
 
 
 
Selling Shares – Grandfathered Investors
 
Method
Things to know
 
Instructions
Sending us
a letter
Unless you instruct us otherwise, we will mail your proceeds by check to the address of record, payable to the registered owner(s); checks will not be forwarded
If you have designated a bank account on your application, you can request that we wire the proceeds to this account; if the total balance of all of your Neuberger Berman fund accounts is less than $200,000, you will be charged an $8.00 wire fee
You can also request that we send the proceeds to your designated bank account by electronic transfer (ACH) without a fee
You may need a Medallion signature guarantee
Please also supply us with your e-mail address and daytime telephone number when you write to us in the event we need to reach you
 
 
Send us a letter requesting us to sell shares signed by all registered owners; include your name, account number, the Fund name, the dollar amount or number of shares you want to sell, and any other instructions
If regular first-class mail, send to:
Neuberger Berman Funds
Boston Service Center
P.O. Box 8403
Boston, MA 02266-8403
If express delivery, registered mail, or certified mail, send to:
Neuberger Berman Funds
c/o State Street Bank and Trust Company
30 Dan Road
Canton, MA 02021
Sending us
a fax
For amounts of up to $50,000
Not available if you have changed the address on the account in the past 15 days
 
 
Write a request to sell shares as described above
Call 800-877-9700 to obtain the appropriate fax number
Calling in
your order
All phone orders to sell shares must be for at least $1,000 unless you are closing out an account
Not available if you have declined the phone option or are selling shares in certain retirement accounts (The only exception is for those retirement shareholders who are at least 59½ or older and have their birthdates on file)
Not available if you have changed the address on the account in the past 15 days
 
 
Call 800-877-9700 to place your order
Give your name, account number, the Fund name, the dollar amount or number of shares you want to sell, and any other instructions
Exchanging into
another fund
All exchanges must be for at least $1,000
Both accounts must be registered in the same name, address and taxpayer ID number
An exchange order cannot be cancelled or changed once it has been placed
 
 
Call 800-877-9700 to place your order
Setting up
systematic
withdrawals
For accounts with at least $5,000 worth of shares in them
Withdrawals must be at least $100
 
Call 800-877-9700 for instructions

 
45
 
 
 

 
 
Market Timing Policy
 
Frequent purchases, exchanges and redemptions of Fund shares (“market-timing activities”) can interfere with Fund management and affect costs and performance for other shareholders. To discourage market-timing activities by Fund shareholders, the Board of Trustees has adopted market-timing policies and has approved the procedures of the principal underwriter for implementing those policies. As described earlier in this prospectus, pursuant to such policies, the exchange privilege can be withdrawn from any investor that is believed to be “timing the market” or is otherwise making exchanges judged to be excessive. In furtherance of these policies, under certain circumstances, the Fund reserves the right to reject any exchange or purchase order; change, suspend or revoke the exchange privilege; or suspend the telephone order privilege.
 
Neuberger Berman Management LLC applies the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to market-timing activities by monitoring trading activity in the Fund, identifying excessive trading patterns, and warning or prohibiting shareholders who trade excessively from making further purchases or exchanges of Fund shares. These policies and procedures are applied consistently to all shareholders. Although the Fund makes efforts to monitor for market-timing activities, the ability of the Fund to monitor trades that are placed by the underlying shareholders of omnibus accounts maintained by brokers, retirement plan accounts and other approved intermediaries may be limited in those instances in which the investment intermediary maintains the underlying shareholder accounts. Accordingly, there can be no assurance that the Fund will be able to eliminate all market-timing activities.
 
Portfolio Holdings Policy
 
A description of the Fund’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio holdings is available in the Fund’s Statement of Additional Information.
 
The complete portfolio holdings for the Fund are available at www.nb.com/holdings and are generally posted 15-30 days after the end of each calendar quarter.
 
The Fund’s complete portfolio holdings will remain available at this website until the subsequent quarter-end holdings have been posted. Complete portfolio holdings for the Fund will also be available in reports on Form N-Q and Form N-CSR filed with the SEC. Historical portfolio holdings are available upon request.
 
Fund Structure
 
The Fund uses a “multiple class” structure. The Fund offers one or more classes of shares that have identical investment programs, but different arrangements for distribution and shareholder servicing and, consequently, different expenses. This prospectus relates solely to the Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares of the Fund.
 
46
 
 
 

 
 
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
Class A, Class C and Institutional Class Shares
 
If you would like further details on this Fund you can request a free copy of the following documents:
 
Shareholder Reports. The shareholder reports offer information about the Fund, including:
§ a discussion by the Portfolio Managers about strategies and market conditions that significantly affected the Fund’s performance during the last fiscal year
§ Fund performance data and financial statements
§ portfolio holdings.
 
Statement of Additional Information (SAI). The SAI contains more comprehensive information on the Fund, including:
§ various types of securities and practices, and their risks
§ investment limitations and additional policies
§ information about the Fund’s management and business structure.
 
The SAI is hereby incorporated by reference into this prospectus, making it legally part of the prospectus.
 
Investment manager: Neuberger Berman Management LLC
Sub-adviser: [    ]
 
Obtaining Information
You can obtain a shareholder report, SAI, and other information from your investment provider, or from:
 
Neuberger Berman Management LLC
605 Third Avenue 2nd Floor
New York, NY 10158-0180
877-628-2583
Web site: www.nb.com
 
You can also request copies of this information from the SEC for the cost of a duplicating fee by sending an e-mail request to publicinfo@sec.gov or by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549-1520. They are also available from the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
 
You may also view and copy the documents at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington.
Call 202-551-8090 for information about the operation of the Public Reference Room.
 
 
 
 
The “Neuberger Berman” name and logo are registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Group LLC. “Neuberger Berman Management LLC” and the individual Fund name in this prospectus are either service marks or registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Management LLC. © 2012 Neuberger Berman Management LLC. All rights reserved.
 
 
SEC file number: 811-21715
[  ]

 
 
 

 
 
 
 
The information in this statement of additional information is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these
securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This statement of
additional information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state
where the offer or sale is not permitted.
 
Subject to Completion
Preliminary Statement of Additional Information
Dated January 18, 2012
 

 
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
 
DATED [                  ], 2012
 
Fund
Institutional Class
Class A
Class C
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
[          ]
[          ]
[          ]

 
605 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor, New York, NY 10158-0180
Toll-Free 800-877-9700
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund  ( the “Fund”) is a mutual fund that offers shares pursuant to a Prospectus dated [                  ], 2012.
 
The Prospectus and Summary Prospectus (the “Prospectus”) provide more information about the Fund that you should know before investing. You can get a free copy of the Prospectus from Neuberger Berman Management LLC (“NB Management”), 605 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor, New York, NY 10158-0180, or by calling 800-877-9700. You should read the Prospectus and consider the investment objective, risks and fees and expenses of the Fund carefully before investing.
 
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) is not a prospectus and should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus.  This SAI is not an offer to sell any shares of any class of the Fund.  A written offer can be made only by a prospectus.
 
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations not contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI in connection with the offering made by the Prospectus, and, if given or made, such information or representations must not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Fund or its distributor. The Prospectus and this SAI do not constitute an offering by the Fund or its distributor in any jurisdiction in which such offering may not lawfully be made.
 
The “Neuberger Berman” name and logo are registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Group LLC. “Neuberger Berman Management LLC” and the Fund name in this SAI are either service marks or registered service marks of Neuberger Berman Management LLC. ©2012 Neuberger Berman Management LLC. All rights reserved. ©2012 Neuberger Berman LLC. All rights reserved. ©2012 Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC. All rights reserved.
 

 
 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
Page

INVESTMENT INFORMATION
1
 
Investment Policies and Limitations
1
 
Cash Management and Temporary Defensive Positions
3
 
Additional Investment Information
4
   
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
51
   
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
51
 
Information about the Board of Trustees
51
 
Information about the Officers of the Trust
59
   
INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION SERVICES
73
 
Investment Manager and Administrator
73
 
Management and Administration Fees
74
 
Contractual Expense Limitations
75
 
Adviser and Subadvisers
75
 
Portfolio Manager Information
77
 
Other Investment Companies Managed
80
 
Codes of Ethics
81
 
Management and Control of NB Management and NBAIM
81
   
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
82
 
Distributor
82
 
Revenue Sharing
83
 
Distribution Plan (Class A Only)
84
 
Distribution Plan (Class C Only)
85
 
Distribution Plan (Class A and Class C)
85
   
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE INFORMATION
86
 
Share Prices and Net Asset Value
86
 
Subscriptions in Kind
88
 
Financial Intermediaries
88
 
Automatic Investing and Dollar Cost Averaging
88
   
ADDITIONAL EXCHANGE INFORMATION
95
   
ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION INFORMATION
96
 
Suspension of Redemptions
96
 
Redemptions in Kind
97
 
Abandoned Property
97
   
CONVERSION INFORMATION
97


 
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DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS
97
   
ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION
98
 
Taxation of the Fund
98
 
Taxation of the Fund’s Shareholders
103
   
FUND TRANSACTIONS
104
 
Expense Offset Arrangement
108
 
Portfolio Turnover
109
 
Proxy Voting
109
   
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE
110
 
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policy
110
 
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
110
 
Portfolio Holdings Approved Recipients
111
   
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
112
   
ORGANIZATION, CAPITALIZATION AND OTHER MATTERS
112
   
CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT
113
   
INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
114
   
LEGAL COUNSEL
114
   
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
114
   
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
114
   
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
114
   
APPENDIX A – LONG-TERM AND SHORT-TERM DEBT SECURITIES RATING DESCRIPTIONS  
A-1
   
APPENDIX B – SUBADVISER PROXY VOTING POLICIES  B-1

 
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INVESTMENT INFORMATION
 
The Fund is a separate operating series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds (“Trust”), a Delaware statutory trust that is registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) as an open-end management investment company.
 
The Fund has not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.
 
The following information supplements the discussion in the Prospectus of the investment objective, policies, and limitations of the Fund. The investment objective and, unless otherwise specified, the investment policies and limitations of the Fund are not fundamental. Any investment objective, policy, or limitation that is not fundamental may be changed by the trustees of the Trust (“Fund Trustees”) without shareholder approval. The fundamental investment policies and limitations of the Fund may not be changed without the approval of the lesser of:
 
(1)      67% of the units of beneficial interest (“shares”) of the Fund represented at a meeting at which more than 50% of the outstanding Fund shares are represented, or
 
(2)      a majority of the outstanding shares of the Fund.
 
These percentages are required by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), and are referred to in this SAI as a “1940 Act majority vote.”
 
NB Management has delegated day-to-day management of the assets of the Fund to NB Alternative Investment Management LLC (“NBAIM” or “Adviser”), which is responsible for allocating the assets of the Fund to several subadvisers (each a “Subadviser”, collectively the “Subadvisers”).  Throughout this SAI, the term “Manager” refers to NB Management, NBAIM or the Subadvisers, as appropriate.
 
Investment Policies and Limitations
 
Except as set forth in the limitation on borrowing and the limitation on illiquid securities, any investment policy or limitation that involves a maximum percentage of securities or assets will not be considered exceeded unless the percentage limitation is exceeded immediately after, and because of, a transaction by the Fund. If events subsequent to a transaction result in the Fund exceeding the percentage limitation on borrowing or illiquid securities, the Manager will take appropriate steps to reduce the percentage of borrowings or the percentage held in illiquid securities, as may be required by law, within a reasonable amount of time.
 
The following investment policies and limitations are fundamental:
 
1. Borrowing .  The Fund may not borrow money, except that the Fund may (i) borrow money from banks for temporary or emergency purposes and for leveraging or investment and (ii) enter into reverse repurchase agreements for any purpose; provided that (i) and (ii) in combination do not exceed 33-1/3% of the value of its total assets (including the amount borrowed) less liabilities (other than borrowings). If at any time borrowings exceed 33 1/3% of
 

 
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the value of the Fund’s total assets, the Fund will reduce its borrowings within three days (excluding Sundays and holidays) to the extent necessary to comply with the 33-1/3% limitation.
 
2. Commodities . The Fund may not purchase physical commodities, except to the extent permitted under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief or unless acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or instruments, but this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing futures contracts, options, foreign currencies or forward contracts, swaps, caps, collars, floors and other financial instruments or from investing in securities of any kind.
 
3. Industry Concentration .  The Fund may not purchase any security if, as a result, 25% or more of its total assets (taken at current value) would be invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry except that the Fund may invest 25% or more of its total assets in investments that provide exposure to the group of industries that comprise the commodities sector. This limitation does not apply to securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government or any of its agencies or instrumentalities (“U.S. Government and Agency Securities”), securities of other investment companies and tax-exempt securities or such other securities as may be excluded for this purpose under the 1940 Act, the rules and regulations thereunder and any applicable exemptive relief.
 
4. Lending. The Fund may not lend any security or make any other loan if, as a result, more than 33-1/3% of its total assets (taken at current value) would be lent to other parties, except, in accordance with its investment objective, policies, and limitations, (i) through the purchase of a portion of an issue of debt securities, loans, loan participations or other forms of direct debt instruments or (ii) by engaging in repurchase agreements.
 
5. Real Estate .  The Fund may not purchase real estate unless acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or instruments, but this restriction shall not prohibit the Fund from purchasing securities issued by entities or investment vehicles that own or deal in real estate or interests therein or instruments secured by real estate or interests therein.
 
6. Senior Securities .  The Fund may not issue senior securities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act.
 
7. Underwriting .  The Fund may not underwrite securities of other issuers, except to the extent that the Fund, in disposing of portfolio securities, may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”).
 
For purposes of the limitation on commodities, the restriction does not prevent the Fund from investing in a wholly owned subsidiary, thereby gaining exposure to the investment returns of commodities markets within the limitations of the federal tax requirements, or from investing in commodity-linked derivative instruments.
 
For purposes of the limitation on commodities, the Fund does not consider foreign currencies or forward contracts to be physical commodities.
 
For purposes of the Fund’s industry concentration policy, the Fund will not exclude tax-exempt securities that are issued by municipalities to finance non-governmental projects, such as hospitals (i.e., private activity bonds or industrial revenue bonds), from the industry concentration policy.
 

 
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The Fund has the following fundamental investment policy:
 
Notwithstanding any other investment policy of the Fund, the Fund may invest all of its investable assets (cash, securities, and receivables relating to securities) in an open-end management investment company having substantially the same investment objective, policies, and limitations as the Fund.
 
The following investment policies and limitations are non-fundamental:
 
1. Lending .  Except for the purchase of debt securities, loans, loan participations or other forms of direct debt instruments and engaging in repurchase agreements, the Fund may not make any loans other than securities loans.
 
2. Margin Transactions .  The Fund may not purchase securities on margin from brokers or other lenders, except that the Fund may obtain such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of securities transactions. Margin payments in connection with transactions in futures contracts and options on futures contracts shall not constitute the purchase of securities on margin and shall not be deemed to violate the foregoing limitation.
 
3. Illiquid Securities .  The Fund may not purchase any security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid securities. Illiquid securities include securities that cannot be sold within seven days in the ordinary course of business for approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities, such as repurchase agreements maturing in more than seven days.
 
4. Investments in Any One Issuer .  At the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) no more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in the securities of a single issuer and (ii) with regard to 50% of the value of its total assets, no more than 5% of the value of its total assets may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. These limitations do not apply to government securities, as defined for purposes of Subchapter M of Chapter 1 of Subtitle A of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (“Code”), or securities of another “regulated investment company” (as defined in section 851 (a) of the Code) (“RIC”).
 
Senior Securities: The SEC has taken the position that certain instruments that create future obligations may be considered senior securities subject to provisions of the 1940 Act that limit the ability of investment companies to issue senior securities. Common examples include reverse repurchase agreements, short futures and options positions, forward contracts and when-issued securities. However, the SEC has clarified that, if the Fund segregates cash or liquid securities sufficient to cover such obligations or holds off-setting positions (or, in some cases, uses a combination of such strategies), the SEC will not raise senior securities issues under the 1940 Act.
 
Cash Management and Temporary Defensive Positions
 
For temporary defensive purposes, or to manage cash pending investment or payout, the Fund may invest up to 100% of its total assets in cash or cash equivalents, U.S. Government and Agency Securities, commercial paper, and certain other money market instruments, as well as repurchase agreements collateralized by the foregoing.  The Fund may also use put options
 

 
3

 

including purchasing puts on security indices and put spreads on indices (i.e., buying and selling an equal number of puts on the same index with differing strike prices or expiration dates) for defensive purposes.
 
In reliance on an SEC exemptive rule, the Fund may invest an unlimited amount of its uninvested cash and cash collateral received in connection with securities lending in shares of money market funds and unregistered funds that operate in compliance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, whether or not advised by NB Management or an affiliate, under specified conditions.  Among other things, the conditions preclude the Fund from paying a sales charge, as defined in rule 2830(b) of the NASD Conduct Rules of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (“FINRA”) (“sales charge”), or a service fee, as defined in that rule, in connection with its purchase or redemption of the money market fund’s or unregistered fund’s shares, or the Fund’s investment adviser must waive a sufficient amount of its advisory fee to offset any such sales charge or service fee.
 
Additional Investment Information
 
The Fund, as indicated below, may make the following investments, among others; some of which are part of the Fund’s principal investment strategies and some of which are not. The principal risks of the Fund’s principal investment strategies are discussed in the Prospectus. The Fund may not buy all of the types of securities or use all of the investment techniques that are described.
 
Illiquid Securities .  Generally, an illiquid security is a security that cannot be expected to be sold or disposed of within seven days at approximately the price at which it is valued by the Fund. Illiquid securities may include unregistered or other restricted securities and repurchase agreements maturing in greater than seven days. Illiquid securities may also include commercial paper under section 4(2) of the 1933 Act, and Rule 144A securities (restricted securities that may be traded freely among qualified institutional buyers pursuant to an exemption from the registration requirements of the securities laws); these securities are considered illiquid unless the Manager, acting pursuant to guidelines established by the Fund Trustees, determines they are liquid. Most such securities held by the Fund are deemed liquid. Generally, foreign securities freely tradable in their principal market are not considered restricted or illiquid, even if they are not registered in the United States. Illiquid securities may be difficult for the Fund to value or dispose of due to the absence of an active trading market. The sale of some illiquid securities by the Fund may be subject to legal restrictions, which could be costly to the Fund.
 
Policies and Limitations .  The Fund may not purchase any security if, as a result, more than 15% of its net assets would be invested in illiquid securities.
 
Repurchase Agreements .  In a repurchase agreement, the Fund purchases securities from a bank that is a member of the Federal Reserve System or also from a foreign bank or from a U.S. branch or agency of a foreign bank or from a securities dealer that agrees to repurchase the securities from the Fund at a higher price on a designated future date. Repurchase agreements generally are for a short period of time, usually less than a week. Costs, delays, or losses could result if the selling party to a repurchase agreement becomes bankrupt or otherwise defaults. The Manager monitors the creditworthiness of sellers.  If the Fund enters into a repurchase agreement
 

 
4

 

subject to foreign law and the counter-party defaults, the Fund may not enjoy protections comparable to those provided to certain repurchase agreements under U.S. bankruptcy law and may suffer delays and losses in disposing of the collateral as a result.
 
Policies and Limitations .   Repurchase agreements with a maturity or demand of more than seven days are considered to be illiquid securities. The Fund may not enter into a repurchase agreement with a maturity or demand feature of more than seven days if, as a result, more than 15% of the value of its net assets would then be invested in such repurchase agreements and other illiquid securities. The Fund may enter into a repurchase agreement only if (1) the underlying securities are of a type that the Fund’s investment policies and limitations would allow it to purchase directly, (2) the market value of the underlying securities, including accrued interest, at all times equals or exceeds the repurchase price, and (3) payment for the underlying securities is made only upon satisfactory evidence that the securities are being held for the Fund’s account by its custodian or a bank acting as the Fund’s agent.
 
Securities Loans .  The Fund may lend portfolio securities to banks, brokerage firms, and other institutional investors, provided that cash or equivalent collateral, initially equal to at least 102% (105% in the case of foreign securities) of the market value of the loaned securities, is maintained by the borrower with the Fund or with the Fund’s lending agent, who holds the collateral on the Fund’s behalf. Thereafter, cash or equivalent collateral, equal to at least 100% of the market value of the loaned securities, is to be continuously maintained by the borrower with the Fund. The Fund may invest the cash collateral and earn income, or it may receive an agreed upon amount of interest income from a borrower that has delivered equivalent collateral. During the time securities are on loan, the borrower will pay the Fund an amount equivalent to any dividends or interest paid on such securities. These loans are subject to termination at the option of the Fund or the borrower. The Fund may pay reasonable administrative and custodial fees in connection with a loan and may pay a negotiated portion of the interest earned on the cash or equivalent collateral to the borrower.  The Fund does not have the right to vote on securities while they are on loan.  However, it is the Fund’s policy to attempt to terminate loans in time to vote those proxies that the Fund has determined are material to the interests of the Fund.  The Manager believes the risk of loss on these transactions is slight because if a borrower were to default for any reason, the collateral should satisfy the obligation. However, as with other extensions of secured credit, loans of portfolio securities involve some risk of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. Subject to compliance with the conditions of an SEC exemptive order, the Fund may loan securities through a separate operating unit of Neuberger Berman LLC (“Neuberger Berman”) or an affiliate of Neuberger Berman, acting as agent. The Fund also may loan securities to Neuberger Berman and its affiliates (other than NB Management), subject to the conditions of the SEC order.  The Fund may also loan securities through other third parties not affiliated with Neuberger Berman, such as State Street Bank & Trust Company (“State Street”), which would act as agent to lend securities to principal borrowers. The Fund may also borrow a security for purposes of effecting a short sale of such security, see the section entitled “Short Sales” for additional information on the Fund’s activities related to borrowing securities.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may lend portfolio securities with a value not exceeding 33-1/3% of its total assets (taken at current value) to banks, brokerage firms, or other institutional investors. Borrowers are required continuously to secure their obligations to return securities on loan from the Fund by depositing collateral in a form determined to be satisfactory
 

 
5

 

by the Fund Trustees. The collateral, which must be marked to market daily, must be initially equal to at least 102% (105% in the case of foreign securities) of the market value of the loaned securities, which will also be marked to market daily.  Thereafter, the collateral must be equal to at least 100% of the market value of the loaned securities.  See the section entitled “Cash Management and Temporary Defensive Positions” for information on how the cash collateral may be invested.  The Fund does not count the collateral for purposes of any investment policy or limitation that requires the Fund to invest specific percentages of its assets in accordance with its principal investment program.
 
Restricted Securities and Rule 144A Securities .  The Fund may invest in restricted securities, which are securities that may not be sold to the public without an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. Before they are registered, such securities may be sold only in a privately negotiated transaction or pursuant to an exemption from registration. Regulation S under the 1933 Act permits the sale abroad of securities that are not registered for sale in the United States.
 
In recognition of the increased size and liquidity of the institutional market for unregistered securities and the importance of institutional investors in the formation of capital, the SEC has adopted Rule 144A under the 1933 Act. Rule 144A is designed to facilitate efficient trading among institutional investors by permitting the sale of certain unregistered securities to qualified institutional buyers. To the extent privately placed securities held by the Fund qualify under Rule 144A and an institutional market develops for those securities, the Fund likely will be able to dispose of the securities without registering them under the 1933 Act. To the extent that institutional buyers become, for a time, uninterested in purchasing these securities, investing in Rule 144A securities could increase the level of the Fund’s illiquidity. The Manager, acting under guidelines established by the Fund Trustees, may determine that certain securities qualified for trading under Rule 144A are liquid.
 
Where registration is required, the Fund may be obligated to pay all or part of the registration expenses, and a considerable period may elapse between the decision to sell and the time the Fund may be permitted to sell a security under an effective registration statement. If, during such a period, adverse market conditions were to develop, the Fund might obtain a less favorable price than prevailed when it decided to sell. Restricted securities for which no market exists are priced by a method that the Fund Trustees believe accurately reflects fair value.
 
Policies and Limitations .   To the extent restricted securities, including Rule 144A securities, are illiquid, purchases thereof will be subject to the Fund’s 15% limit on investments in illiquid securities.
 
Reverse Repurchase Agreements .  In a reverse repurchase agreement, the Fund sells portfolio securities subject to its agreement to repurchase the securities at a later date for a fixed price reflecting a market rate of interest. Reverse repurchase agreements may increase fluctuations in the Fund’s net asset value (“NAV”) and may be viewed as a form of leverage. There is a risk that the counter-party to a reverse repurchase agreement will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to the Fund.  The Manager monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to reverse repurchase agreements.
 

 
6

 

Policies and Limitations .   Reverse repurchase agreements are considered borrowings for purposes of the Fund’s investment policies and limitations concerning borrowings. While a reverse repurchase agreement is outstanding, the Fund will deposit in a segregated account with its custodian, or designate on its records as segregated, cash or appropriate liquid securities, marked to market daily, in an amount at least equal to the Fund’s obligations under the agreement.
 
Leverage .  The Fund may engage in transactions that have the effect of leverage.  Leverage creates an opportunity for increased total return but, at the same time, creates special risk considerations. For example, leverage may amplify changes in the Fund’s NAV. Although the principal of such borrowings will be fixed, the Fund’s assets may change in value during the time the borrowing is outstanding. Leverage from borrowing creates interest expenses for the Fund. To the extent the income derived from securities purchased with borrowed funds exceeds the interest the Fund will have to pay, the Fund’s total return will be greater than it would be if leverage were not used. Conversely, if the income from the assets obtained with borrowed funds is not sufficient to cover the cost of leveraging, the net income of the Fund will be less than it would be if leverage were not used, and therefore the amount available for distribution to the Fund’s shareholders as dividends, if any, will be reduced. Reverse repurchase agreements create leverage and are considered borrowings for purposes of the Fund’s investment limitations.  In addition, securities lending transactions, when issued transactions, Financial Instruments (as defined below), and short sales may create leverage.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may make investments while borrowings are outstanding.  The Fund may borrow money for investment purposes, however, in general, the Fund does not intend to do so.  The Fund also may use leverage to purchase securities needed to close out short sales or to obtain the collateral needed to borrow a security in order to effect a short sale of that security.  The Fund may engage in transactions that have the effect of leverage for investment purposes and hedging.
 
Foreign Securities .  The Fund may invest in securities of foreign issuers and foreign branches of U.S. banks, including negotiable certificates of deposit (“CDs”), bankers’ acceptances, and commercial paper. Foreign issuers are issuers organized and doing business principally outside the United States and include banks, non-U.S. governments, and quasi-governmental organizations. Investments in foreign securities involve sovereign and other risks, in addition to the credit and market risks normally associated with domestic securities. These risks include the possibility of adverse political and economic developments (including political or social instability, nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation); the potentially adverse effects of unavailability of public information regarding issuers, less governmental supervision and regulation of financial markets, reduced liquidity of certain financial markets, and the lack of uniform accounting, auditing, and financial reporting standards or the application of standards that are different or less stringent than those applied in the United States; different laws and customs governing securities tracking; and possibly limited access to the courts to enforce the Fund’s rights as investors.  It may be difficult to invoke legal process or to enforce contractual obligations abroad, and it may be especially difficult to sue a foreign government in the courts of that country.
 
The Fund also may invest in equity, debt, or other securities that are denominated in or indexed to foreign currencies, including (1) common and preferred stocks, (2) CDs (including similar time deposits), commercial paper, fixed time deposits, and bankers’ acceptances issued by
 
 
7

 

foreign banks, (3) obligations of other corporations, and (4) obligations of foreign governments and their subdivisions, agencies, and instrumentalities, international agencies, and supranational entities. Investing in foreign currency denominated securities involves the special risks associated with investing in non-U.S. issuers, as described in the preceding paragraph, and the additional risks of (a) adverse changes in foreign exchange rates, (b) nationalization, expropriation, or confiscatory taxation, and (c) adverse changes in investment or exchange control regulations (which could prevent cash from being brought back to the United States). Additionally, dividends and interest payable on foreign securities (and gains realized on disposition thereof) may be subject to foreign taxes, including taxes withheld from those payments. Commissions on foreign securities exchanges are often at fixed rates and are generally higher than negotiated commissions on U.S. exchanges, although the Fund endeavors to achieve the most favorable net results on portfolio transactions.
 
Foreign securities often trade with less frequency and in less volume than domestic securities and therefore may exhibit greater price volatility. Additional costs associated with an investment in foreign securities may include higher custodial fees than apply to domestic custody arrangements and transaction costs of foreign currency conversions.
 
Foreign markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures. In certain markets, there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund are uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the securities or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the securities, could result in possible liability to the purchaser. The inability of the Fund to settle security purchases or sales due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to pay additional expenses, such as interest charges.
 
Interest rates prevailing in other countries may affect the prices of foreign securities and exchange rates for foreign currencies. Local factors, including the strength of the local economy, the demand for borrowing, the government’s fiscal and monetary policies, and the international balance of payments, often affect interest rates in other countries. Individual foreign economies may differ favorably or unfavorably from the U.S. economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency, and balance of payments position.
 
The Fund may invest in ADRs, European Depository Receipts (“EDRs”), Global Depository Receipts (“GDRs”) and International Depository Receipts (“IDRs”). ADRs (sponsored or unsponsored) are receipts typically issued by a U.S. bank or trust company evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities. Most ADRs are denominated in U.S. dollars and are traded on a U.S. stock exchange. However, they are subject to the risk of fluctuation in the currency exchange rate if, as is often the case, the underlying securities are denominated in foreign currency. EDRs and IDRs are receipts typically issued by a European bank or trust company evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities. GDRs are receipts issued by either a U.S. or non-U.S. banking institution evidencing its ownership of the underlying foreign securities and are often denominated in U.S. dollars.  EDRs, IDRs and GDRs involve many of the same risks of investing directly in foreign securities, including currency risks and risks of foreign investing.
 
 
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Issuers of the securities underlying sponsored depositary receipts, but not unsponsored depositary receipts, are contractually obligated to disclose material information in the United States. Therefore, the market value of unsponsored depositary receipts is less likely to reflect the effect of such information.
 
The risks of foreign investing are generally heightened in emerging markets. Securities traded in certain emerging market countries may be subject to risks in addition to risks typically posed by foreign debt investing due to the inexperience of financial intermediaries, the lack of modern technology and lack of a sufficient capital base to expand business operations.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund is not restricted in the amount it may invest in foreign securities including foreign securities denominated in any one foreign currency.
 
Securities of Issuers in Emerging Market Countries .   The risks described above for foreign securities may be heightened in connection with investments in emerging market countries. Historically, the markets of emerging market countries have been more volatile than the markets of developed countries, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, emerging market countries may have less stable governments; may present the risks of nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership and prohibitions on the repatriation of assets; and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries. The economies of emerging market countries may be reliant on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions and may suffer from high and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates. Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making prompt liquidation of holdings difficult or impossible at times.
 
In determining where an issuer of a security is based, the Manager may consider such factors as where the company is legally organized, maintains its principal corporate offices and/or conducts its principal operations.
 
Additional costs could be incurred in connection with the Fund’s investment activities outside the United States. Brokerage commissions may be higher outside the United States, and the Fund will bear certain expenses in connection with its currency transactions. Furthermore, increased custodian costs may be associated with maintaining assets in certain jurisdictions.
 
Certain risk factors related to emerging market countries include:
 
Currency fluctuations .  The Fund’s investments may be valued in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. Certain emerging market countries’ currencies have experienced and may in the future experience significant declines against the U.S. dollar. For example, if the U.S. dollar appreciates against foreign currencies, the value of the Fund’s securities holdings would generally depreciate and vice versa. Consistent with its investment objective, the Fund can engage in certain currency transactions to hedge against currency fluctuations. See “Foreign Currency Transactions” below.
 
Government regulation .  The political, economic and social structures of certain developing countries may be more volatile and less developed than those in the United States.
 
 
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Certain emerging market countries lack uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards, have less governmental supervision of financial markets than in the United States, and do not honor legal rights enjoyed in the United States. Certain governments may be more unstable and present greater risks of nationalization or restrictions on foreign ownership of local companies.
 
Repatriation of investment income, capital and the proceeds of sales by foreign investors may require governmental registration and/or approval in some emerging market countries. While the Fund will only invest in markets where these restrictions are considered acceptable by the Manager, a country could impose new or additional repatriation restrictions after the Fund’s investment. If this happened, the Fund’s response might include, among other things, applying to the appropriate authorities for a waiver of the restrictions or engaging in transactions in other markets designed to offset the risks of decline in that country. Such restrictions will be considered in relation to the Fund’s liquidity needs and all other positive and negative factors. Further, some attractive equity securities may not be available to the Fund, or the Fund may have to pay a premium to purchase those equity securities, due to foreign shareholders already holding the maximum amount legally permissible.
 
While government involvement in the private sector varies in degree among emerging market countries, such involvement may in some cases include government ownership of companies in certain sectors, wage and price controls or imposition of trade barriers and other protectionist measures. With respect to any emerging market country, there is no guarantee that some future economic or political crisis will not lead to price controls, forced mergers of companies, expropriation, or creation of government monopolies to the possible detriment of the Fund’s investments.
 
Less developed securities markets .  Emerging market countries may have less well developed securities markets and exchanges. These markets have lower trading volumes than the securities markets of more developed countries. These markets may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume. Consequently, these markets may be substantially less liquid than those of more developed countries, and the securities of issuers located in these markets may have limited marketability. These factors may make prompt liquidation of substantial portfolio holdings difficult or impossible at times.
 
Settlement risks .  Settlement systems in emerging market countries are generally less well organized than developed markets. Supervisory authorities may also be unable to apply standards comparable to those in developed markets. Thus, there may be risks that settlement may be delayed and that cash or securities belonging to the Fund may be in jeopardy because of failures of or defects in the systems. In particular, market practice may require that payment be made before receipt of the security being purchased or that delivery of a security be made before payment is received. In such cases, default by a broker or bank (the “counterparty”) through whom the transaction is effected might cause the Fund to suffer a loss. The Fund will seek, where possible, to use counterparties whose financial status is such that this risk is reduced. However, there can be no certainty that the Fund will be successful in eliminating this risk, particularly as counterparties operating in emerging market countries frequently lack the substance or financial resources of those in developed countries. There may also be a danger
 
 
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that, because of uncertainties in the operation of settlement systems in individual markets, competing claims may arise with respect to securities held by or to be transferred to the Fund.
 
Investor information .  The Fund may encounter problems assessing investment opportunities in certain emerging market securities markets in light of limitations on available information and different accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards. In such circumstances, the Manager will seek alternative sources of information, and to the extent it may not be satisfied with the sufficiency of the information obtained with respect to a particular market or security, the Fund will not invest in such market or security.
 
Taxation .  Taxation of dividends received and net capital gains realized by non-residents varies among emerging market countries and, in some cases, is comparatively high. In addition, emerging market countries typically have less well-defined tax laws and procedures, and such laws may permit retroactive taxation so that the Fund could in the future become subject to local tax liability that it had not reasonably anticipated in conducting its investment activities or valuing its assets.
 
Litigation.   The Fund and its shareholders may encounter substantial difficulties in obtaining and enforcing judgments against non-U.S. resident individuals and companies.
 
Fraudulent securities .  Securities purchased by the Fund may subsequently be found to be fraudulent or counterfeit, resulting in a loss to the Fund.
 
Risks of Investing in Frontier Emerging Market Countries. Frontier emerging market countries are countries that have smaller economies or less developed capital markets than traditional emerging markets.  Frontier emerging market countries tend to have relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the larger traditionally-recognized emerging markets. The frontier emerging market countries include the least developed countries even by emerging markets standards.  The risks of investments in frontier emerging market countries include all the risks described above for investment in foreign securities and emerging markets, although these risks are magnified in the case of frontier emerging market countries.
 
Structured Notes .  The Fund may invest in structured notes, such as participatory notes, issued by banks or broker-dealers that are designed to replicate the performance of an underlying indicator.  Underlying indicators may include a security or other financial instrument, asset, currency, interest rate, credit rating, commodity, volatility measure or index. Generally, investments in such notes are used as a substitute for positions in underlying indicators.  Structured notes are a type of equity-linked derivative which generally are traded over-the-counter (“OTC”). The performance results of structured notes will not replicate exactly the performance of the underlying indicator that the notes seek to replicate due to transaction costs and other expenses.
 
Investments in structured notes involve the same risks associated with a direct investment in the underlying indicator the notes seek to replicate. The return on a structured note that is linked to a particular underlying indicator generally is increased to the extent of any dividends paid in connection with the underlying indicator. However, the holder of a structured note typically does not receive voting rights and other rights as it would if it directly owned the
 
 
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underlying indicator. In addition, structured notes are subject to counterparty risk, which is the risk that the broker-dealer or bank that issues the notes will not fulfill its contractual obligation to complete the transaction with the Fund. Structured notes constitute general unsecured contractual obligations of the banks or broker-dealers that issue them, and the Fund is relying on the creditworthiness of such banks or broker-dealers and has no rights under a structured note against the issuer of an underlying indicator. Structured notes involve transaction costs. Structured notes may be considered illiquid and, therefore, structured notes considered illiquid will be subject to the Fund’s percentage limitation on investments in illiquid securities.
 
Forward Commitments and When-Issued Securities .  The Fund may purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis and may purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis. These transactions involve a commitment by the Fund to purchase or sell securities at a future date (ordinarily within two months, although the Fund may agree to a longer settlement period). These transactions may involve mortgage-backed securities such as GNMA, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac certificates. The price of the underlying securities (usually expressed in terms of yield) and the date when the securities will be delivered and paid for (the settlement date) are fixed at the time the transaction is negotiated. When-issued and delayed delivery purchases and forward commitment transactions are negotiated directly with the other party, and such commitments are not traded on exchanges.
 
When-issued and delayed delivery purchases and forward commitment transactions enable the Fund to “lock in” what the Manager believes to be an attractive price or yield on a particular security for a period of time, regardless of future changes in interest rates. For instance, in periods of rising interest rates and falling prices, the Fund might sell securities it owns on a forward commitment basis to limit its exposure to falling prices. In periods of falling interest rates and rising prices, the Fund might purchase a security on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and sell a similar security to settle such purchase, thereby obtaining the benefit of currently higher yields. When issued, delayed-delivery and forward commitment transactions are subject to the risk that a counterparty may fail to complete the purchase or sale of the security. If this occurs, the Fund may lose the opportunity to purchase or sell the security at the agreed upon price. To reduce this risk, the Fund will enter into transactions with established counterparties and the managers will monitor the creditworthiness of such counterparties.
 
The value of securities purchased on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis and any subsequent fluctuations in their value are reflected in the computation of the Fund’s NAV starting on the date of the agreement to purchase the securities. Because the Fund has not yet paid for the securities, this produces an effect similar to leverage. The Fund does not earn interest on securities it has committed to purchase until the securities are paid for and delivered on the settlement date. Because the Fund is committed to buying them at a certain price, any change in the value of these securities, even prior to their issuance, affects the value of the Fund’s interests. The purchase of securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis also involves a risk of loss if the value of the security to be purchased declines before the settlement date. When the Fund makes a forward commitment to sell securities it owns, the proceeds to be received upon settlement are included in the Fund’s assets. Fluctuations in the market value of the underlying securities are not reflected in the Fund’s NAV as long as the commitment to sell remains in effect.
 
 
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When-issued, delayed-delivery and forward commitment transactions may cause the Fund to liquidate positions when it may not be advantageous to do so in order to satisfy its purchase or sale obligations.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund will purchase securities on a when-issued or delayed delivery basis or purchase or sell securities on a forward commitment basis only with the intention of completing the transaction and actually purchasing or selling the securities. If deemed advisable as a matter of investment strategy, however, the Fund may dispose of or renegotiate a commitment after it has been entered into. The Fund also may sell securities it has committed to purchase before those securities are delivered to the Fund on the settlement date. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses in connection with these transactions.
 
The   Fund may also enter into a TBA agreement and “roll over” such agreement prior to the settlement date by selling the obligation to purchase the pools set forth in the agreement and entering into a new TBA agreement for future delivery of pools of mortgage-backed securities. TBA mortgage- backed securities may increase prepayment risks because the underlying mortgages may be less favorable than anticipated by the Fund.
 
When the Fund purchases securities on a when-issued, delayed delivery or forward commitment basis, the Fund will deposit in a segregated account with its custodian, or designate on its records as segregated, until payment is made, appropriate liquid securities having a value (determined daily) at least equal to the amount of the Fund’s purchase commitments. In the case of a forward commitment to sell portfolio securities, the portfolio securities will be held in a segregated account, or the portfolio securities will be designated on the Fund’s records as segregated, while the commitment is outstanding. These procedures are designed to ensure that the Fund maintains sufficient assets at all times to cover its obligations under when-issued and delayed delivery purchases and forward commitment transactions.
 
Futures Contracts, Options on Futures Contracts, Options on Securities and Indices,
Forward Contracts, and Options on Foreign Currencies
(collectively, “Financial Instruments”)
 
Futures Contracts and Options Thereon .
 
The Fund may enter into futures contracts and options on commodities, currencies, single stocks, debt securities, interest rates, and securities indices (including those on a narrow-based index) that are traded on exchanges regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”) or on foreign exchanges. Trading on foreign exchanges is subject to the legal requirements of the jurisdiction in which the exchange is located and to the rules of such foreign exchange.
 
The Fund may sell futures contracts to offset a possible decline in the value of its portfolio securities. When a futures contract is sold by the Fund, the value of the contract will tend to rise when the value of the portfolio securities declines and will tend to fall when the value of such securities increases. The Fund may purchase futures contracts to fix what the Manager believes to be a favorable price for securities the Fund intends to purchase. If a futures contract is purchased by the Fund, the value of the contract will tend to change together with changes in the value of such
 
 
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securities. To compensate for anticipated differences in volatility between positions the Fund may wish to hedge and the standardized futures contracts available to it, the Fund may purchase or sell futures contracts with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge.
 
The Fund may invest in commodity-linked futures contracts either directly or through the Subsidiary (as defined below).  Commodity-linked futures contracts are generally based upon commodities within six main commodity groups: (1) energy, which includes, among others, crude oil, brent crude oil, gas oil, natural gas, gasoline and heating oil; (2) livestock, which includes, among others, feeder cattle, live cattle and hogs; (3) agriculture, which includes, among others, wheat (Kansas wheat and Chicago wheat), corn, soybeans; (4) industrial metals, which includes, among others, aluminum, copper, lead, nickel and zinc; (5) precious metals, which includes, among others, gold and silver; (6) softs, which includes cotton, coffee, sugar and cocoa. The price of a commodity futures contract will reflect the storage costs of purchasing the physical commodity. These storage costs include the time value of money invested in the physical commodity plus the actual costs of storing the commodity less any benefits from ownership of the physical commodity that are not obtained by the holder of a futures contract (this is sometimes referred to as the “convenience yield”). To the extent that these storage costs change for an underlying commodity while the Fund is long futures contracts on that commodity, the value of the futures contract may change proportionately.
 
With respect to currency futures, the Fund may sell a futures contract or a call option, or it may purchase a put option on such futures contract, if the Manager anticipates that exchange rates for a particular currency will fall. Such a transaction will be used as a hedge (or, in the case of a sale of a call option, a partial hedge) against a decrease in the value of portfolio securities denominated in that currency. If the Manager anticipates that a particular currency will rise, the Fund may purchase a currency futures contract or a call option to protect against an increase in the price of securities that are denominated in that currency and that the Fund intends to purchase. The Fund may also purchase a currency futures contract or a call option thereon for non-hedging purposes when the Manager anticipates that a particular currency will appreciate in value, but securities denominated in that currency do not present an attractive investment and are not included in the Fund.
 
The Fund may purchase and sell stock index futures contracts, and may purchase and sell options thereon, to increase its exposure to the performance of a recognized securities index, such as the Standard & Poor’s 500 Composite Stock Index (“S&P 500 Index”).
 
A “sale” of a futures contract (or a “short” futures position) entails the assumption of a contractual obligation to deliver the securities or currency underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. A “purchase” of a futures contract (or a “long” futures position) entails the assumption of a contractual obligation to acquire the securities or currency underlying the contract at a specified price at a specified future time. Certain futures, including stock and bond index futures, are settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the securities underlying the futures.
 
U.S. futures contracts (except certain currency futures) are traded on exchanges that have been designated as “contract markets” by the CFTC; futures transactions must be executed through a futures commission merchant that is a member of the relevant contract market. In both U.S. and
 
 
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foreign markets, an exchange’s affiliated clearing organization guarantees performance of the contracts between the clearing members of the exchange.
 
Although futures contracts by their terms may require the actual delivery or acquisition of the underlying securities or currency, in most cases the contractual obligation is extinguished by being offset before the expiration of the contract. A futures position is offset by buying (to offset an earlier sale) or selling (to offset an earlier purchase) an identical futures contract calling for delivery in the same month. This may result in a profit or loss. While futures contracts entered into by the Fund will usually be liquidated in this manner, the Fund may instead make or take delivery of underlying securities or currency whenever it appears economically advantageous for it to do so.
 
“Margin” with respect to a futures contract is the amount of assets that must be deposited by the Fund with, or for the benefit of, a futures commission merchant or broker in order to initiate (in the case of initial margin) and maintain (as variation margin) the Fund’s futures positions. Initial margin is the margin deposit made by the Fund when it enters into a futures contract.  Initial margin  is intended to assure performance of the contract by the Fund. If the price of the futures contract changes (i.e., increases, in the case of a short (sale) position or decreases in the case of a long (purchase) position), the Fund will be required to post variation margin.  However, if favorable price changes in the futures contract cause the margin deposit to exceed the required margin, the excess variation margin will be transferred to the Fund. The futures commission merchant or futures clearing house member that assists the Fund in entering into and clearing futures contracts may require a third type of margin, excess margin. In computing its NAV, the   Fund marks to market the value of its open futures positions. The Fund also must make margin deposits with respect to options on futures that it has written (but not with respect to options on futures that it has purchased). If the futures commission merchant or broker holding the margin deposit goes bankrupt, the Fund could suffer a delay in recovering excess margin or other funds and could ultimately suffer a loss.
 
An option on a futures contract gives the purchaser the right, in return for the premium paid, to assume a position in the contract (a long position if the option is a call and a short position if the option is a put) at a specified exercise price at any time during the option exercise period. The writer of the option is required upon exercise to assume a short futures position (if the option is a call) or a long futures position (if the option is a put). Upon exercise of the option, the accumulated cash balance in the writer’s futures margin account is delivered to the holder of the option. That balance represents the amount by which the market price of the futures contract at exercise exceeds, in the case of a call, or is less than, in the case of a put, the exercise price of the option. Options on futures have characteristics and risks similar to those of securities options, as discussed herein.
 
Although the Fund believes that the use of futures contracts and options will benefit it, if the Manager’s judgment about the general direction of the markets or about interest rate or currency exchange rate trends is incorrect, the Fund’s overall return would be lower than if it had not entered into any such contracts. The prices of futures contracts and options are volatile and are influenced by, among other things, actual and anticipated changes in interest or currency exchange rates, which in turn are affected by fiscal and monetary policies and by national and international political and economic events. At best, the correlation between changes in prices of futures contracts or options and of securities being hedged can be only approximate due to differences between the futures and securities markets or differences between the securities or currencies underlying the Fund’s
 
 
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futures or options position and the securities held by or to be purchased for the Fund. The currency futures or options market may be dominated by short-term traders seeking to profit from changes in exchange rates. This would reduce the value of such contracts used for hedging purposes over a short-term period. Such distortions are generally minor and would diminish as the contract approaches maturity.
 
Because of the low margin deposits required, futures trading involves an extremely high degree of leverage; as a result, a relatively small price movement in a futures contract may result in immediate and substantial loss, or gain, to the investor. Losses that may arise from certain futures transactions are potentially unlimited.
 
Most U.S. futures exchanges limit the amount of fluctuation in the price of a futures contract or option thereon during a single trading day; once the daily limit has been reached, no trades may be made on that day at a price beyond that limit. The daily limit governs only price movements during a particular trading day, however; it does not limit potential losses. In fact, it may increase the risk of loss, because prices can move to the daily limit for several consecutive trading days with little or no trading, thereby preventing liquidation of unfavorable futures and options positions and subjecting traders to substantial losses. If this were to happen with respect to a position held by the Fund, it could (depending on the size of the position) have an adverse impact on the NAV of the Fund.
 
Many electronic trading facilities that support futures trading are supported by computer-based component systems for the order routing, execution, matching, registration or clearing of trades.  The Fund’s ability to recover certain losses may be subject to limits on liability imposed by the system provider, the market, the clearing house or member firms.
 
Single stock and narrow-based security index futures, and options thereon, have not been permitted to trade in the United States until very recently. Therefore, it may be very difficult, at least initially, to predict how the markets in these instruments will behave, particularly in unusual circumstances. In addition, as some of the markets on which such instruments will trade are also new (such as derivatives transaction execution facilities or “DTEFs”), they have no operating history. In addition, DTEFs are principal markets; therefore, no clearing house in effect guarantees performance of the counter-party to a contract executed on a DTEF.
 
Pursuant to a claim for exemption filed with the National Futures Association on behalf of the Fund, the Fund is not deemed to be a commodity pool operator or a commodity pool under the Commodity Exchange Act and is not subject to registration or regulation as such under the Commodity Exchange Act. The CFTC has in 2011 proposed substantial amendments to the permissible exemptions and conditions for reliance on exemptions from registration as a commodity pool operator.  Implementing regulations have not been finalized.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may purchase and sell futures for hedging purposes and for non-hedging purposes (i.e., in an effort to enhance returns). The Fund may also purchase and write put and call options on such futures contracts for hedging and non-hedging purposes.
 
The Fund may purchase and sell stock index futures contracts, and may purchase and sell options thereon. For purposes of managing cash flow, the Portfolio Managers may use such futures
 
 
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and options to increase the Fund’s exposure to the performance of a recognized securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index.
 
Call Options on Securities .  The Fund may write covered call options and may purchase call options on securities and in related closing transactions. The purpose of writing call options is to hedge ( i.e ., to reduce, at least in part, the effect of price fluctuations of securities held by the Fund on its NAV) or to earn premium income. Portfolio securities on which call options may be written and purchased by the Fund are purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with the Fund’s investment objective.
 
When the Fund writes a call option, it is obligated to sell a security to a purchaser at a specified price at any time until a certain date if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund receives a premium for writing the call option. So long as the obligation of the call option continues, the Fund may be assigned an exercise notice, requiring it to deliver the underlying security against payment of the exercise price. The Fund may be obligated to deliver securities underlying an option at less than the market price.
 
The writing of covered call options is a conservative investment technique that is believed to involve relatively little risk but is capable of enhancing the Fund’s total return. When writing a covered call option, the Fund, in return for the premium, gives up the opportunity for profit from a price increase in the underlying security above the exercise price, but conversely retains the risk of loss should the price of the security decline.
 
If a call option that the Fund has written expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium; however, that gain may be offset by a decline in the market value of the underlying security during the option period. If the call option is exercised, the Fund will realize a gain or loss from the sale of the underlying security.
 
When the Fund purchases a call option, it pays a premium for the right to purchase a security from the writer at a specified price until a specified date.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may write covered call options and may purchase call options on securities and in related closing transactions. The Fund writes only “covered” call options on securities it owns (in contrast to the writing of “naked” or uncovered call options, which the Fund will not do).  The Fund would purchase a call option to offset a previously written call option.  The Fund may purchase call options for hedging or non-hedging purposes.
 
Put Options on Securities .  The Fund may write and purchase put options on securities. The Fund will receive a premium for writing a put option, which obligates the Fund to acquire a security at a certain price at any time until a certain date if the purchaser decides to exercise the option. The Fund may be obligated to purchase the underlying security at more than its current value.
 
When the Fund purchases a put option, it pays a premium to the writer for the right to sell a security to the writer for a specified amount at any time until a certain date. The Fund would purchase a put option in order to protect itself against a decline in the market value of a security it owns.
 
 
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Portfolio securities on which the Fund may write and purchase put options are purchased solely on the basis of investment considerations consistent with the Fund’s investment objective. When writing a put option, the Fund, in return for the premium, takes the risk that it must purchase the underlying security at a price that may be higher than the current market price of the security. If a put option that the Fund has written expires unexercised, the Fund will realize a gain in the amount of the premium.
 
Policies and Limitations . The Fund generally writes and purchases put options on securities for hedging purposes ( i.e., to reduce, at least in part, the effect of price fluctuations of securities held by the Fund on its NAV).  However, the Fund also may use put options for non-hedging purposes.
 
General Information About Securities Options .   The exercise price of an option may be below, equal to, or above the market value of the underlying security at the time the option is written. Options normally have expiration dates between three and nine months from the date written. American-style options are exercisable at any time prior to their expiration date. The Fund also may purchase and sell European-style options, which are exercisable only immediately prior to their expiration date .   The obligation under any option written by the Fund terminates upon expiration of the option or, at an earlier time, when the writer offsets the option by entering into a “closing purchase transaction” to purchase an option of the same series. If an option is purchased by the Fund and is never exercised or closed out, the Fund will lose the entire amount of the premium paid.
 
Options are traded both on U.S. national securities exchanges and in the OTC market.  The Fund also may purchase and sell options that are traded on foreign exchanges. Exchange-traded options are issued by a clearing organization affiliated with the exchange on which the option is listed; the clearing organization in effect guarantees completion of every exchange-traded option. In contrast, OTC options are contracts between the Fund and a counter-party, with no clearing organization guarantee. Thus, when the Fund sells (or purchases) an OTC option, it generally will be able to “close out” the option prior to its expiration only by entering into a closing transaction with the dealer to whom (or from whom) the Fund originally sold (or purchased) the option. There can be no assurance that the Fund would be able to liquidate an OTC option at any time prior to expiration. Unless the Fund is able to effect a closing purchase transaction in a covered OTC call option it has written, it will not be able to liquidate securities used as cover until the option expires or is exercised or until different cover is substituted. In the event of the counter-party’s insolvency, the Fund may be unable to liquidate its options position and the associated cover. The Manager monitors the creditworthiness of dealers with which the Fund may engage in OTC options transactions.
 
The premium the Fund receives or pays when it writes (or purchases) an option is the amount at which the option is currently traded on the applicable market. The premium may reflect, among other things, the current market price of the underlying security, the relationship of the exercise price to the market price, the historical price volatility of the underlying security, the length of the option period, the general supply of and demand for credit, and the interest rate environment. The premium received by the Fund for writing an option is recorded as a liability on the Fund’s statement of assets and liabilities. This liability is adjusted daily to the option’s current market value, which is the last reported sales price before the time the Fund’s NAV is computed on the day
 
 
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the option is being valued or, in the absence of any trades thereof on that day, the mean between the bid and asked prices as of that time.
 
Closing transactions are effected in order to realize a profit (or minimize a loss) on an outstanding option, to prevent an underlying security from being called, or to permit the sale or the put of the underlying security. Furthermore, effecting a closing transaction permits the Fund to write another call option on the underlying security with a different exercise price or expiration date or both. There is, of course, no assurance that the Fund will be able to effect closing transactions at favorable prices. If the Fund cannot enter into such a transaction, it may be required to hold a security that it might otherwise have sold (or purchase a security that it would not have otherwise bought), in which case it would continue to be at market risk on the security.
 
The Fund will realize a profit or loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the transaction is less or more than the premium received from writing the call or put option. Because increases in the market price of a call option generally reflect increases in the market price of the underlying security, any loss resulting from the repurchase of a call option is likely to be offset, in whole or in part, by appreciation of the underlying security owned by the Fund; however, the Fund could be in a less advantageous position than if it had not written the call option.
 
The Fund pays brokerage commissions or spreads in connection with purchasing or writing options, including those used to close out existing positions. From time to time, the Fund may purchase an underlying security for delivery in accordance with an exercise notice of a call option assigned to it, rather than delivering the security from its inventory. In those cases, additional brokerage commissions are incurred.
 
The hours of trading for options may not conform to the hours during which the underlying securities are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that cannot be reflected in the options markets.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may use American-style options.  The Fund may also purchase and sell European-style options and may purchase and sell options that are traded on foreign exchanges.
 
The assets used as cover (or segregated) for OTC options written by the Fund will be considered illiquid and thus subject to the Fund’s 15% limitation on illiquid securities, unless the OTC options are sold to qualified dealers who agree that the Fund may repurchase any OTC option it writes at a maximum price to be calculated by a formula set forth in the option agreement. The cover for an OTC call option written subject to this procedure will be considered illiquid only to the extent that the maximum repurchase price under the formula exceeds the intrinsic value of the option.
 
Put and Call Options on Securities Indices .  The Fund may purchase put and call options on securities indices for the purpose of hedging against the risk of price movements that would adversely affect the value of the Fund’s securities or securities the Fund intends to buy. The Fund may write securities index options to close out positions in such options that it has purchased.
 
 
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For purposes of managing cash flow, the Fund may purchase put and call options on securities indices to increase the Fund’s exposure to the performance of a recognized securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index.
 
Unlike a securities option, which gives the holder the right to purchase or sell a specified security at a specified price, an option on a securities index gives the holder the right to receive a cash “exercise settlement amount” equal to (1) the difference between the exercise price of the option and the value of the underlying securities index on the exercise date (2) multiplied by a fixed “index multiplier.” A securities index fluctuates with changes in the market values of the securities included in the index. Options on stock indices are currently traded on the Chicago Board Options Exchange, the New York Stock Exchange (“NYSE”), the NYSE Amex, and other U.S. and foreign exchanges.
 
The effectiveness of hedging through the purchase of securities index options will depend upon the extent to which price movements in the securities being hedged correlate with price movements in the selected securities index. Perfect correlation is not possible because the securities held or to be acquired by the Fund will not exactly match the composition of the securities indices on which options are available.
 
Securities index options have characteristics and risks similar to those of securities options, as discussed herein.
 
Policies and Limitations . The Fund may purchase put and call options on securities indices for the purpose of hedging or managing cash flow. All securities index options purchased by the Fund will be listed and traded on an exchange.
 
For purposes of managing cash flow, the Fund may purchase put and call options on securities indices to increase the Fund’s exposure to the performance of a recognized securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index. All securities index options purchased by the   Fund will be listed and traded on an exchange.
 
The Fund may also use put options including purchasing put options on security indices and put spreads on indices for temporary defensive purposes.
 
Foreign Currency Transactions .  The Fund may enter into contracts for the purchase or sale of a specific currency at a future date (usually less than one year from the date of the contract) at a fixed price (“forward contracts”). The Fund also may engage in foreign currency exchange transactions on a spot ( i.e., cash) basis at the spot rate prevailing in the foreign currency exchange market.
 
Forward contract transactions include forward sales or purchases of foreign currencies for the purpose of protecting the U.S. dollar value of securities held or to be acquired by the Fund or protecting the U.S. dollar equivalent of dividends, interest, or other payments on those securities.
 
Forward contracts are traded in the interbank market directly between dealers (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are charged at any stage for trades; foreign exchange dealers realize a profit
 
 
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based on the difference (the spread) between the prices at which they are buying and selling various currencies.
 
At the consummation of a forward contract to purchase or to sell currency, the Fund may either make delivery of the foreign currency or terminate its contractual obligation to deliver by purchasing an offsetting contract. If the Fund chooses to make delivery of the foreign currency, it may be required to obtain such currency through the sale of portfolio securities denominated in such currency or through conversion of other assets of the Fund into such currency. If the Fund engages in an offsetting transaction, it will incur a gain or a loss to the extent that there has been a change in forward contract prices. Closing purchase transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually made with the currency dealer who is a party to the original forward contract.
 
The Manager believes that the use of foreign currency hedging techniques, including “proxy-hedges,” can provide significant protection of NAV in the event of a general rise or decrease in the U.S. dollar against foreign currencies. For example, the return available from securities denominated in a particular foreign currency would diminish if the value of the U.S. dollar increased against that currency. Such a decline could be partially or completely offset by an increase in value of a hedge involving a forward contract to sell that foreign currency or a proxy-hedge involving a forward contract to sell a different foreign currency whose behavior is expected to resemble the currency in which the securities being hedged are denominated but which is available on more advantageous terms.
 
However, a hedge or proxy-hedge cannot protect against exchange rate risks perfectly, and, if the Manager is incorrect in its judgment of future exchange rate relationships, the Fund could be in a less advantageous position than if such a hedge had not been established. If the Fund uses proxy-hedging, it may experience losses on both the currency in which it has invested and the currency used for hedging if the two currencies do not vary with the expected degree of correlation. Using forward contracts to protect the value of the Fund’s securities against a decline in the value of a currency does not eliminate fluctuations in the prices of the underlying securities. Because forward contracts are not traded on an exchange, the assets used to cover such contracts may be illiquid. The Fund may experience delays in the settlement of its foreign currency transactions.
 
The Fund may purchase securities of an issuer domiciled in a country other than the country in whose currency the instrument is denominated. The Fund may also invest in securities denominated in currency baskets which consist of a selected group of currencies.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may enter into forward contracts for hedging or non-hedging purposes. When the Fund engages in foreign currency transactions for hedging purposes, it will not enter into forward contracts to sell currency or maintain a net exposure to such contracts if their consummation would obligate the Fund to deliver an amount of foreign currency materially in excess of the value of its portfolio securities or other assets denominated in that currency. The Fund may also purchase and sell forward contracts for non-hedging purposes when the Manager anticipates that a foreign currency will appreciate or depreciate in value, but securities in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities and are not held in the Fund’s investment portfolio.
 
 
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Options on Foreign Currencies .  The Fund may write (sell) and purchase covered call and put options on foreign currencies.  The Fund may write put and covered call options on any currency in order to seek enhanced returns.
 
Currency options have characteristics and risks similar to those of securities options, as discussed herein. Certain options on foreign currencies are traded on the OTC market and involve liquidity and credit risks that may not be present in the case of exchange-traded currency options.
 
Policies and Limitations . The Fund would use options on foreign currencies to protect against declines in the U.S. dollar value of portfolio securities or increases in the U.S. dollar cost of securities to be acquired or to protect the U.S. dollar equivalent of dividends, interest, or other payments on those securities.  In addition, the Fund may purchase put and call options on foreign currencies for non-hedging purposes when the Manager anticipates that a currency will appreciate or depreciate in value, but securities denominated in that currency do not present attractive investment opportunities and are not included in the Fund.
 
Cover   for Financial Instruments .   Transactions using Financial Instruments, other than purchased options, expose the Fund to an obligation to another party. The Fund will not enter into any such transactions unless it owns either (1) an offsetting (“covering”) position in securities, currencies or other options, futures contracts or forward contracts, or (2) cash and liquid assets held in a segregated account, or designated on its records as segregated, with a value, marked-to-market daily, sufficient to cover its potential obligations to the extent not covered as provided in (1) above. The Fund will comply with SEC guidelines regarding “cover” for Financial Instruments and, if the guidelines so require, segregate the prescribed amount of cash or appropriate liquid securities.
 
Segregated securities cannot be sold while the futures, options, or forward strategy covered by those securities is outstanding, unless they are replaced with other suitable assets. As a result, segregation of a large percentage of the Fund’s assets could impede Fund management or the Fund’s ability to meet current obligations. The Fund may be unable to promptly dispose of assets that cover, or are segregated with respect to, an illiquid futures, options, or forward position; this inability may result in a loss to the Fund.
 
General Risks of Financial Instruments .   The primary risks in using Financial Instruments are (1) imperfect correlation or no correlation between changes in market value of the securities or currencies held or to be acquired by the Fund and the prices of Financial Instruments; (2) possible lack of a liquid secondary market for Financial Instruments and the resulting inability to close out Financial Instruments when desired; (3) the fact that the skills needed to use Financial Instruments are different from those needed to select the Fund’s securities; (4) the fact that, although use of Financial Instruments for hedging purposes can reduce the risk of loss, they also can reduce the opportunity for gain, or even result in losses, by offsetting favorable price movements in hedged investments; and (5) the possible inability of the Fund to purchase or sell a portfolio security at a time that would otherwise be favorable for it to do so, or the possible need for the Fund to sell a portfolio security at a disadvantageous time, due to its need to maintain cover or to segregate securities in connection with its use of Financial Instruments. There can be no assurance that the Fund’s use of Financial Instruments will be successful.
 
 
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The Fund’s use of Financial Instruments may be limited by the provisions of the Code, with which it must comply to qualify as a RIC. See “Additional Tax Information.” Financial Instruments may not be available with respect to some currencies, especially those of so-called emerging market countries.
 
Policies and Limitations . When hedging, the Manager intends to reduce the risk of imperfect correlation by investing only in Financial Instruments whose behavior is expected to resemble or offset that of the Fund’s underlying securities or currency. The Manager intends to reduce the risk that the Fund will be unable to close out Financial Instruments by entering into such transactions only if the Manager believes there will be an active and liquid secondary market.
 
Short Sales .   The Fund may use short sales in an attempt to realize gain or for hedging purposes. To effect a short sale, the Fund borrows a security from a brokerage firm to make delivery to the buyer. The Fund then is obliged to replace the borrowed security by purchasing it at the market price at the time of replacement. Until the security is replaced, the Fund is required to pay the lender any dividends and may be required to pay a premium or interest.
 
The Fund will realize a gain if the security declines in price between the date of the short sale and the date on which the Fund replaces the borrowed security. The Fund will incur a loss if the price of the security increases between those dates. The amount of any gain will be decreased, and the amount of any loss increased, by the amount of any premium or interest the Fund is required to pay in connection with the short sale. A short position may be adversely affected by imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the securities sold short and the securities being hedged.
 
The Fund may also make short sales against-the-box, in which it sells securities short only if it owns or has the right to obtain without payment of additional consideration an equal amount of the same type of securities sold.
 
The effect of short selling is similar to the effect of leverage. Short selling may amplify changes in the Fund’s NAV. Short selling may also produce higher than normal portfolio turnover, which may result in increased transaction costs to the Fund.
 
When the Fund is selling stocks short, it must maintain a segregated account of cash or high-grade securities equal to the margin requirement. As a result, the Fund may maintain high levels of cash or liquid assets (such as U.S. Treasury bills, money market accounts, repurchase agreements, certificates of deposit, high quality commercial paper and long equity positions), or utilize borrowings or the collateral obtained from securities lending for this cash.
 
Policies and Limitations . Under applicable guidelines of the SEC staff, if the Fund engages in a short sale (other than a short sale against-the-box), it must put in a segregated account (not with the broker), or designate on its records as segregated, an amount of cash or appropriate liquid securities equal to the difference between (1) the market value of the securities sold short at the time they were sold short and (2) any cash or securities required to be deposited as collateral with the lender or the lender’s agent in connection with the short sale (not including the proceeds from the short sale).
 
 
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In addition, until the Fund replaces the borrowed security, it must daily maintain the segregated assets at such a level that (1) the amount of segregated assets plus the amount deposited with the broker as collateral equals the current market value of the securities sold short, and (2) the amount of segregated assets plus the amount deposited with the lender or the lender’s agent as collateral is not less than the market value of the securities at the time they were sold short.  The Fund’s ability to engage in short sales may be impaired by any temporary prohibitions on short selling imposed by domestic and certain foreign government regulators.
 
Risks of Fixed Income Securities .   Fixed income securities are subject to the risk of an issuer’s inability to meet principal and interest payments on its obligations (“credit risk”) and are subject to price volatility due to such factors as interest rate sensitivity (“interest rate risk”), market perception of the creditworthiness of the issuer, and market liquidity (“market risk”).
 
Lower-rated securities are more likely to react to developments affecting market and credit risk than are more highly rated securities, which react primarily to movements in the general level of interest rates.
 
Call Risk. Some debt securities in which the Fund may invest are also subject to the risk that the issuer might repay them early (“call risk”). When market interest rates are low, issuers generally call securities paying higher interest rates. For this reason, the Fund holding a callable security may not enjoy the increase in the security’s market price that usually accompanies a decline in rates. Furthermore, the Fund would have to reinvest the proceeds from the called security at the current, lower rates.
 
Ratings of Fixed Income Securities.   The Fund may purchase securities rated by S&P, Moody’s, Fitch, Inc. or any other nationally recognized statistical rating agency (“NRSRO”) (please see the Prospectus for further information). The ratings of an NRSRO represent its opinion as to the quality of securities it undertakes to rate. Ratings are not absolute standards of quality; consequently, securities with the same maturity, duration, coupon, and rating may have different yields. Although the Fund may rely on the ratings of any NRSRO, the Fund mainly refer to ratings assigned by S&P, Moody’s, and Fitch, Inc., which are described in Appendix A. The Fund may also invest in unrated securities that are deemed comparable in quality by the Manager to the rated securities in which the Fund may permissibly invest.
 
High-quality debt securities. High-quality debt securities are securities that have received a rating from at least one NRSRO, such as S&P, Moody’s or Fitch, Inc., in one of the two highest rating categories (the highest category in the case of commercial paper) or, if not rated by any NRSRO, such as U.S. Government and Agency Securities, have been determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality.
 
Investment Grade Debt Securities. An investment grade debt security is a security that has received ratings, from at least one NRSRO that has rated it, in one of the four highest rating categories or, if not rated by any NRSRO, has been determined by the Manager to be of comparable quality. Moody’s deems securities rated in its fourth highest category (Baa) to have speculative characteristics; a change in economic factors could lead to a weakened capacity of the issuer to repay.
 
 
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Lower-Rated Debt Securities . Lower-rated debt securities or “junk bonds” are those rated below the fourth highest category (including those securities rated as low as D by S&P) or unrated securities of comparable quality. Securities rated below investment grade may be considered speculative. Securities rated B are judged to be predominantly speculative with respect to their capacity to pay interest and repay principal in accordance with the terms of the obligations. Although these securities generally offer higher yields than investment grade debt securities with similar maturities, lower-quality securities involve greater risks, including the possibility of default or bankruptcy by the issuer, or the securities may already be in default. See the additional risks described above for lower-rated debt securities.
 
Ratings Downgrades. Subsequent to its purchase by the Fund, the rating of an issue of debt securities may be reduced, so that the securities would no longer be eligible for purchase by the Fund.
 
Duration and Maturity.   Duration is a measure of the sensitivity of debt securities to changes in market interest rates, based on the entire cash flow associated with the securities, including payments occurring before the final repayment of principal.
 
The Manager may utilize duration as a tool in portfolio selection instead of the more traditional measure known as “term to maturity.” “Term to maturity” measures only the time until a debt security provides its final payment, taking no account of the pattern of the security’s payments prior to maturity. Duration incorporates a bond’s yield, coupon interest payments, final maturity and call features into one measure. Duration therefore provides a more accurate measurement of a bond’s likely price change in response to a given change in market interest rates. The longer the duration, the greater the bond’s price movement will be as interest rates change. For any fixed income security with interest payments occurring prior to the payment of principal, duration are always less than maturity.
 
Futures, options and options on futures have durations which are generally related to the duration of the securities underlying them. Holding long futures or call option positions will lengthen the Fund’s duration by approximately the same amount as would holding an equivalent amount of the underlying securities. Short futures or put options have durations roughly equal to the negative of the duration of the securities that underlie these positions, and have the effect of reducing portfolio duration by approximately the same amount as would selling an equivalent amount of the underlying securities.
 
There are some situations where even the standard duration calculation does not properly reflect the interest rate exposure of a security. For example, floating and variable rate securities often have final maturities of ten or more years; however, their interest rate exposure corresponds to the frequency of the coupon reset. Another example where the interest rate exposure is not properly captured by duration is the case of mortgage-backed securities. The stated final maturity of such securities is generally 30 years, but current and expected prepayment rates are critical in determining the securities’ interest rate exposure. In these and other similar situations, the Manager where permitted, will use more sophisticated analytical techniques that incorporate the economic life of a security into the determination of its interest rate exposure.
 
 
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The Fund may invest in securities of any maturity and does not have a target average duration.
 
Policies and Limitations .   There are no restrictions as to the amount of the Fund’s assets that may be invested in fixed income securities or the ratings of such securities the Fund may acquire or the portion of its assets it may invest in debt securities in a particular ratings category.
 
U.S. Government and Agency Securities .   “U.S. Government Securities” are obligations of the U.S. Treasury backed by the full faith and credit of the United States.  Due to recent market turbulence, some investors have turned to the safety of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and their yields to decline.  As a result of this and other market influences, yields of short-term U.S. Treasury debt instruments are currently near historical lows.

“U.S. Government Agency Securities” are issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, or by instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, such as the Ginnie Mae, Fannie Mae, Freddie Mac (also known as the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation), Sallie Mae (also known as SLM Corporation and formerly known as the Student Loan Marketing Association), Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLB”), and Tennessee Valley Authority.  Some U.S. Government Agency Securities are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States, while others may be supported by the issuer’s ability to borrow from the U.S. Treasury, subject to the U.S. Treasury’s discretion in certain cases, or only by the credit of the issuer.  Accordingly, there is at least a possibility of default.  U.S. Government Agency Securities include U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities.  (See “Mortgage-Backed Securities,” below.)  The market prices of U.S. Government Agency Securities are not guaranteed by the U.S. Government and generally fluctuate inversely with changing interest rates.
 
U.S. Government Agency Securities are deemed to include (i) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities and (ii) participations in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.  The secondary market for certain of these participations is extremely limited.  In the absence of a suitable secondary market, such participations may therefore be regarded as illiquid.  

The Fund may invest in separately traded principal and interest components of securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Treasury.  The principal and interest components of selected securities are traded independently under the Separate Trading of Registered Interest and Principal of Securities (“STRIPS”) program.  Under the STRIPS program, the principal and interest components are individually numbered and separately issued by the U.S. Treasury at the request of depository financial institutions, which then trade the component parts independently.  The market prices of STRIPS generally are more volatile than that of U.S. Treasury bills with comparable maturities.
 
Inflation-Indexed Securities .   The Fund may invest in U.S. Treasury securities the principal value of which is adjusted daily in accordance with changes to the Consumer Price Index. Such securities are backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government. Interest is calculated on the basis of the current adjusted principal value. The principal value of inflation-
 
 
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indexed securities declines in periods of deflation, but holders at maturity receive no less than par. If inflation is lower than expected during the period the Fund holds the security, the Fund may earn less on it than on a conventional bond.
 
Because the coupon rate on inflation-indexed securities is lower than fixed-rate U.S. Treasury securities, the Consumer Price Index would have to rise at least to the amount of the difference between the coupon rate of the fixed-rate U.S. Treasury issues and the coupon rate of the inflation-indexed securities, assuming all other factors are equal, in order for such securities to match the performance of the fixed-rate U.S. Treasury securities. Inflation-indexed securities are expected to react primarily to changes in the “real” interest rate ( i.e. , the nominal (or stated) rate less the rate of inflation), while a typical bond reacts to changes in the nominal interest rate. Accordingly, inflation-indexed securities have characteristics of fixed-rate U.S. Treasury securities having a shorter duration. Changes in market interest rates from causes other than inflation will likely affect the market prices of inflation-indexed securities in the same manner as conventional bonds.
 
Any increase in the principal value of an inflation-indexed security is taxable in the year the increase occurs, even though its holders do not receive cash representing the increase until the security matures. Because the Fund must distribute substantially all of its net income (including non-cash income attributable to those principal value increases) to its shareholders each taxable year to avoid payment of federal income and excise taxes, the Fund may have to dispose of other investments under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may be required to borrow, to satisfy its distribution requirements.
 
Banking and Savings Institution Securities .   These include CDs, time deposits, bankers’ acceptances, and other short-term and long-term debt obligations issued by commercial banks and savings institutions. The CDs, time deposits, and bankers’ acceptances in which the Fund invests typically are not covered by deposit insurance.
 
A certificate of deposit is a short-term negotiable certificate issued by a commercial bank against funds deposited in the bank and is either interest-bearing or purchased on a discount basis. A bankers’ acceptance is a short-term draft drawn on a commercial bank by a borrower, usually in connection with an international commercial transaction. The borrower is liable for payment as is the bank, which unconditionally guarantees to pay the draft at its face amount on the maturity date. Fixed time deposits are obligations of branches of U.S. banks or foreign banks that are payable at a stated maturity date and bear a fixed rate of interest. Although fixed time deposits do not have a market, there are no contractual restrictions on the right to transfer a beneficial interest in the deposit to a third party. Deposit notes are notes issued by commercial banks that generally bear fixed rates of interest and typically have original maturities ranging from eighteen months to five years.
 
Banks are subject to extensive governmental regulations that may limit both the amounts and types of loans and other financial commitments that may be made and the interest rates and fees that may be charged. The profitability of this industry is largely dependent upon the availability and cost of capital, which can fluctuate significantly when interest rates change. Also, general economic conditions, consolidation and competition among banking and savings institutions play an important part in the operations of this industry and exposure to credit losses
 
 
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arising from possible financial difficulties of borrowers might affect a bank’s ability to meet its obligations. Bank obligations may be general obligations of the parent bank or may be limited to the issuing branch by the terms of the specific obligations or by government regulation.
 
In response to recent market conditions, the U.S. Government is taking a variety of measures to increase the regulation of depository institutions and their holding companies. On July 21, 2010, the President signed into law the Dodd-Frank Act Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (the “Dodd-Frank Act”), which significantly impacts the financial services industry, including the regulation and operation of depository institutions and their holding companies by establishing various mechanisms to identify failing banks, the failure of which could pose a threat to the overall stability of the financial system.  Uncertainty exists at this time with respect to the full impact and compliance burden of the Dodd-Frank Act on the operations and profitability of depository institutions and their holding companies, as the Dodd-Frank Act delegates to various federal agencies the task of implementing its many provisions through regulation, ensuring that federal rules and policies governing U.S. banking institutions will be developing for years to come. Based on the provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act and anticipated implementing regulations, it is highly likely that depository institutions and their holding companies will be subject to significantly increased regulation and compliance obligations. Accordingly, investments in bank paper may not yield expected returns as implementation of the Dodd-Frank Act through agency rulemaking and other guidance may significantly curtail the operations and profitability of banks and their holding companies.
 
In addition, securities of foreign banks and foreign branches of U.S. banks may involve investment risks in addition to those relating to domestic bank obligations. Such risks include future political and economic developments, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign deposits, and the possible adoption of foreign governmental restrictions that might adversely affect the payment of principal and interest on such obligations. In addition, foreign branches of U.S. banks and foreign banks may be subject to less stringent reserve requirements and non-U.S. issuers generally are subject to different accounting, auditing, reporting and recordkeeping standards than those applicable to U.S. issuers.
 
Mortgage-Backed Securities .   Mortgage-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of mortgage loans. Those securities may be guaranteed by a U.S. Government agency or instrumentality (such as Ginnie Mae); issued and guaranteed by government-sponsored stockholder-owned corporations, though not backed by the full faith and credit of the United States (such as by Fannie Mae or Freddie Mac, and described in greater detail below); or issued by fully private issuers. Private issuers are generally originators of and investors in mortgage loans and include savings associations, mortgage bankers, commercial banks, investment bankers, and special purpose entities. Private mortgage-backed securities may be supported by U.S. Government agency mortgage-backed securities or some form of non-governmental credit enhancement.
 
Government-related guarantors ( i.e. , not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government) include Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac. Fannie Mae is a government-sponsored corporation owned by stockholders. It is subject to general regulation by the Federal Housing Finance Authority (“FHFA”). Fannie Mae purchases residential mortgages from a list of approved seller/servicers that include state and federally chartered savings and loan associations,

 
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mutual savings banks, commercial banks, credit unions and mortgage bankers. Fannie Mae guarantees the timely payment of principal and interest on pass-through securities that it issues, but those securities are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

Freddie Mac is a government-sponsored corporation formerly owned by the twelve Federal Home Loan Banks and now owned by stockholders. Freddie Mac issues Participation Certificates (“PCs”), which represent interests in mortgages from Freddie Mac’s national portfolio. Freddie Mac guarantees the timely payment of interest and ultimate collection of principal on the PCs it issues, but those PCs are not backed by the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government.

The U.S. Treasury has historically had the authority to purchase obligations of Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac (collectively, the “GSEs”).  However, in 2008, due to capitalization concerns, Congress provided the U.S. Treasury with additional authority to lend the GSEs emergency funds and to purchase their stock.  In September 2008, those capital concerns led the U.S. Treasury and the FHFA to announce that the GSEs had been placed in conservatorship.

Since that time, the GSEs have received significant capital support through U.S. Treasury preferred stock purchases, as well as Treasury and Federal Reserve purchases, of their mortgage backed securities (“MBS”). The FHFA and the U.S. Treasury (through its agreement to purchase GSE preferred stock) have imposed strict limits on the size of their mortgage portfolios.  While the MBS purchase programs ended in 2010, the U.S. Treasury announced in December 2009 that it would continue its support for the entities’ capital as necessary to prevent a negative net worth through at least 2012.  While the U.S. Treasury is committed to offset negative equity at the GSEs through its preferred stock purchases through 2012, no assurance can be given that the Federal Reserve, U.S. Treasury, or FHFA initiatives will ensure that the GSEs will remain successful in meeting their obligations with respect to the debt and MBS they issue beyond that date.  In addition, Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac are also the subject of several continuing class action lawsuits and investigations by federal regulators over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may adversely affect the guaranteeing entities.  Importantly, the future of the entities is in serious question as the U.S. Government reportedly is considering multiple options, ranging on a spectrum from nationalization, privatization, consolidation, or abolishment of the entities.

In addition, the problems faced by the GSEs resulting in their being placed into federal conservatorship and receiving significant U.S. Government support have sparked serious debate among federal policy makers regarding the continued role of the U.S. Government in providing liquidity for mortgage loans.  The Obama Administration produced a report to Congress on February 11, 2011 outlining a proposal to wind down the GSEs by increasing their guarantee fees, reducing their conforming loan limits (the maximum amount of each loan they are authorized to purchase), and continuing progressive limits on the size of their investment portfolio.  Congress is currently considering several pieces of legislation that would reform the GSEs and possibly wind down their existence, addressing portfolio limits and guarantee fees, among other issues.

 
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Based on quarterly loss figures, in August 2011 both GSEs requested additional support from the U.S. Treasury (Fannie Mae requested $2.8 billion and Freddie Mac requested $1.5 billion, net of dividend payments to the U.S. Treasury).  In November 2011, Freddie Mac also requested an additional $6 billion in aid from the U.S. Treasury. Further, when a ratings agency downgraded long-term U.S. government debt in August 2011, the agency also downgraded the GSEs’ bond ratings, from AAA to AA+, based on their direct reliance on the U.S. Government (although that rating did not directly relate to their MBS). The U.S. Government’s commitment to ensure that the GSEs have sufficient capital to meet their obligations is, however, unaffected by the downgrade.

Serious discussions among policymakers continue, however, as to whether the GSEs should be nationalized, privatized, restructured, or eliminated altogether.  Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac also are the subject to several continuing legal actions and investigations over certain accounting, disclosure or corporate governance matters, which (along with any resulting financial restatements) may continue to have an adverse effect on the guaranteeing entities.  Importantly, the future of the GSEs is in serious question as the U.S. Government considers multiple options.

Mortgage-backed securities may have either fixed or adjustable interest rates. Tax or regulatory changes may adversely affect the mortgage securities market. In addition, changes in the market’s perception of the issuer may affect the value of mortgage-backed securities. The rate of return on mortgage-backed securities may be affected by prepayments of principal on the underlying loans, which generally increase as market interest rates decline; as a result, when interest rates decline, holders of these securities normally do not benefit from appreciation in market value to the same extent as holders of other non-callable debt securities.
 
Because many mortgages are repaid early, the actual maturity and duration of mortgage-backed securities are typically shorter than their stated final maturity and their duration calculated solely on the basis of the stated life and payment schedule. In calculating its dollar-weighted average maturity and duration, the Fund may apply certain industry conventions regarding the maturity and duration of mortgage-backed instruments. Different analysts use different models and assumptions in making these determinations. The Fund uses an approach that the Manager believes is reasonable in light of all relevant circumstances. If this determination is not borne out in practice, it could positively or negatively affect the value of the Fund when market interest rates change. Increasing market interest rates generally extend the effective maturities of mortgage-backed securities, increasing their sensitivity to interest rate changes.
 
Mortgage-backed securities may be issued in the form of collateralized mortgage obligations (“CMOs”) or collateralized mortgage-backed bonds (“CBOs”). CMOs are obligations that are fully collateralized, directly or indirectly, by a pool of mortgages; payments of principal and interest on the mortgages are passed through to the holders of the CMOs, although not necessarily on a pro rata basis, on the same schedule as they are received. CBOs are general obligations of the issuer that are fully collateralized, directly or indirectly, by a pool of mortgages. The mortgages serve as collateral for the issuer’s payment obligations on the bonds, but interest and principal payments on the mortgages are not passed through either directly (as with mortgage-backed “pass-through” securities issued or guaranteed by
 
 
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U.S. Government agencies or instrumentalities) or on a modified basis (as with CMOs). Accordingly, a change in the rate of prepayments on the pool of mortgages could change the effective maturity or the duration of a CMO but not that of a CBO (although, like many bonds, CBOs may be callable by the issuer prior to maturity). To the extent that rising interest rates cause prepayments to occur at a slower than expected rate, a CMO could be converted into a longer-term security that is subject to greater risk of price volatility.
 
Governmental, government-related, and private entities (such as commercial banks, savings institutions, private mortgage insurance companies, mortgage bankers, and other secondary market issuers, including securities broker-dealers and special purpose entities that generally are affiliates of the foregoing established to issue such securities) may create mortgage loan pools to back CMOs and CBOs. Such issuers may be the originators and/or servicers of the underlying mortgage loans, as well as the guarantors of the mortgage-backed securities. Pools created by non-governmental issuers generally offer a higher rate of interest than governmental and government-related pools because of the absence of direct or indirect government or agency guarantees. Various forms of insurance or guarantees, including individual loan, title, pool, and hazard insurance and letters of credit, may support timely payment of interest and principal of non-governmental pools. Governmental entities, private insurers, and mortgage poolers issue these forms of insurance and guarantees. The Manager considers such insurance and guarantees, as well as the creditworthiness of the issuers thereof, in determining whether a mortgage-backed security meets the Fund’s investment quality standards. There can be no assurance that private insurers or guarantors can meet their obligations under insurance policies or guarantee arrangements. The Fund may buy mortgage-backed securities without insurance or guarantees, if the Manager determines that the securities meet the Fund’s quality standards. The Manager will, consistent with the Fund’s investment objectives, policies and limitations and quality standards, consider making investments in new types of mortgage-backed securities as such securities are developed and offered to investors.
 
Policies and Limitations.   The Fund may not purchase mortgage-backed securities that, in the Manager’s opinion, are illiquid if, as a result, more than 15% of the Fund’s net assets would be invested in illiquid securities.
 
Freddie Mac Collateralized Mortgage Obligations .   Freddie Mac CMOs are debt obligations of Freddie Mac issued in multiple tranches having different maturity dates that are secured by the pledge of a pool of conventional mortgage loans purchased by Freddie Mac. Unlike Freddie Mac PCs, payments of principal and interest on the CMOs are made semiannually, as opposed to monthly. The amount of principal payable on each semiannual payment date is determined in accordance with Freddie Mac’s mandatory sinking fund schedule, which, in turn, is equal to approximately 100% of FHA prepayment experience applied to the mortgage collateral pool. All sinking fund payments in the CMOs are allocated to the retirement of the individual tranches of bonds in the order of their stated maturities. Payment of principal on the mortgage loans in the collateral pool in excess of the amount of Freddie Mac’s minimum sinking fund obligation for any payment date are paid to the holders of the CMOs as additional sinking fund payments. This “pass-through” of prepayments has the effect of retiring most CMO tranches prior to their stated final maturity.

 
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If collection of principal (including prepayments) on the mortgage loans during any semiannual payment period is not sufficient to meet Freddie Mac’s minimum sinking fund obligation on the next sinking fund payment date, Freddie Mac agrees to make up the deficiency from its general funds.
 
Criteria for the mortgage loans in the pool backing the Freddie Mac CMOs are identical to those of Freddie Mac PCs. Freddie Mac has the right to substitute collateral in the event of delinquencies and/or defaults.
 
Other Mortgage-Related Securities .   Other mortgage-related securities include securities other than those described above that directly or indirectly represent a participation in, or are secured by and payable from, mortgage loans on real property, including stripped mortgage-backed securities. Other mortgage-related securities may be equity or debt securities issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, homebuilders, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks, partnerships, trusts and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
 
Real Estate-Related Instruments .   Real estate-related instruments include shares of real estate investment trusts (“REITs”), commercial and residential mortgage-backed securities and real estate financings. Such instruments are sensitive to factors such as real estate values and property taxes, interest rates, cash flow of underlying real estate assets, overbuilding, and the management skill and creditworthiness of the issuer. Real estate-related instruments may also be affected by tax and regulatory requirements, such as those relating to the environment.
 
Equity REITs own real estate properties, while mortgage REITs make construction, development, and long-term mortgage loans. Their value may be affected by changes in the value of the underlying property or the quality of the credit extended. Both types of REITs are dependent upon management skill, are not diversified, and are subject to heavy cash flow dependency, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, and the possibility of failing to qualify for conduit income tax treatment under the Code, and failing to maintain exemption from the 1940 Act.
 
REITs (especially mortgage REITs) are subject to interest rate risk. Rising interest rates may cause REIT investors to demand a higher annual yield, which may, in turn, cause a decline in the market price of the equity securities issued by a REIT. Rising interest rates also generally increase the costs of obtaining financing, which could cause the value of the Fund’s REIT investments to decline. During periods when interest rates are declining, mortgages are often refinanced. Refinancing may reduce the yield on investments in mortgage REITs. In addition, since REITs depend on payment under their mortgage loans and leases to generate cash to make distributions to their shareholders, investments in REITs may be adversely affected by defaults on such mortgage loans or leases.
 
The shares of a REIT are subject to its management fees and other expenses. Therefore, investments in REITs would cause the Fund to bear its proportionate share of the costs of the REITs’ operations. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of REITs.
 
 
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The Fund does not intend to invest in REITs unless, in the judgment of the Manager, the potential benefits of such investment justify the payment of any applicable fees.
 
Asset-Backed Securities .   Asset-backed securities represent direct or indirect participations in, or are secured by and payable from, pools of assets such as, among other things, motor vehicle installment sales contracts, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, and receivables from revolving credit (credit card) agreements, or a combination of the foregoing. These assets are securitized through the use of trusts and special purpose corporations. Credit enhancements, such as various forms of cash collateral accounts or letters of credit, may support payments of principal and interest on asset-backed securities. Although these securities may be supported by letters of credit or other credit enhancements, payment of interest and principal ultimately depends upon individuals paying the underlying loans, which may be affected adversely by general downturns in the economy. Asset-backed securities are subject to the same risk of prepayment described with respect to mortgage-backed securities and to extension risk (the risk that an issuer of a security will make principal payments slower than anticipated by the investor, thus extending the securities’ duration). The risk that recovery on repossessed collateral might be unavailable or inadequate to support payments, however, is greater for asset-backed securities than for mortgage-backed securities.
 
Certificates for Automobile Receivables SM (“CARS SM ”) represent undivided fractional interests in a trust whose assets consist of a pool of motor vehicle retail installment sales contracts and security interests in the vehicles securing those contracts. Payments of principal and interest on the underlying contracts are passed through monthly to certificate holders and are guaranteed up to specified amounts by a letter of credit issued by a financial institution unaffiliated with the trustee or originator of the trust. Underlying installment sales contracts are subject to prepayment, which may reduce the overall return to certificate holders. Certificate holders also may experience delays in payment or losses on CARS SM if the trust does not realize the full amounts due on underlying installment sales contracts because of unanticipated legal or administrative costs of enforcing the contracts; depreciation, damage, or loss of the vehicles securing the contracts; or other factors.
 
Credit card receivable securities are backed by receivables from revolving credit card agreements (“Accounts”). Credit balances on Accounts are generally paid down more rapidly than are automobile contracts. Most of the credit card receivable securities issued publicly to date have been pass-through certificates. In order to lengthen their maturity or duration, most such securities provide for a fixed period during which only interest payments on the underlying Accounts are passed through to the security holder; principal payments received on the Accounts are used to fund the transfer of additional credit card charges made on the Accounts to the pool of assets supporting the securities. Usually, the initial fixed period may be shortened if specified events occur which signal a potential deterioration in the quality of the assets backing the security, such as the imposition of a cap on interest rates. An issuer’s ability to extend the life of an issue of credit card receivable securities thus depends on the continued generation of principal amounts in the underlying Accounts and the non-occurrence of the specified events. The non-deductibility of consumer interest, as well as competitive and general economic factors, could adversely affect the rate at which new receivables are created in an Account and conveyed to an issuer, thereby shortening the expected weighted average life of the related security and reducing its yield. An acceleration in cardholders’ payment rates or any other event that shortens the
 
 
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period during which additional credit card charges on an Account may be transferred to the pool of assets supporting the related security could have a similar effect on its weighted average life and yield.
 
Credit cardholders are entitled to the protection of state and federal consumer credit laws. Many of those laws give a holder the right to set off certain amounts against balances owed on the credit card, thereby reducing amounts paid on Accounts. In addition, unlike the collateral for most other asset-backed securities, Accounts are unsecured obligations of the cardholder.
 
The Fund may invest in trust preferred securities, which are a type of asset-backed security. Trust preferred securities represent interests in a trust formed by a parent company to finance its operations. The trust sells preferred shares and invests the proceeds in debt securities of the parent. This debt may be subordinated and unsecured. Dividend payments on the trust preferred securities match the interest payments on the debt securities; if no interest is paid on the debt securities, the trust will not make current payments on its preferred securities. Unlike typical asset-backed securities, which have many underlying payors and are usually over collateralized, trust preferred securities have only one underlying payor and are not over collateralized. Issuers of trust preferred securities and their parents currently enjoy favorable tax treatment. If the tax characterization of trust preferred securities were to change, they could be redeemed by the issuers, which could result in a loss to the Fund.
 
Dollar Rolls .   In a “dollar roll,” the Fund sells securities for delivery in the current month and simultaneously agrees to repurchase substantially similar ( i.e. , same type and coupon) securities on a specified future date from the same party. During the period before the repurchase, the Fund forgoes principal and interest payments on the securities. The Fund is compensated by the difference between the current sales price and the forward price for the future purchase (often referred to as the “drop”), as well as by the interest earned on the cash proceeds of the initial sale. Dollar rolls may increase fluctuations in the Fund’s NAV and may be viewed as a form of leverage. A “covered roll” is a specific type of dollar roll in which the Fund holds an offsetting cash position or a cash-equivalent securities position that matures on or before the forward settlement date of the dollar roll transaction. There is a risk that the counterparty will be unable or unwilling to complete the transaction as scheduled, which may result in losses to the Fund. The Manager monitors the creditworthiness of counterparties to dollar rolls.
 
Policies and Limitations. Dollar rolls are considered borrowings for purposes of the Fund’s investment policies and limitations concerning borrowings.
 
Lower-Rated Debt Securities .   Lower-rated debt securities or “junk bonds” are those rated below the fourth highest category (including those securities rated as low as D by S&P) or unrated securities of comparable quality.  Securities rated below investment grade may be considered speculative. These securities are deemed to be predominantly speculative with respect to the issuer’s capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Lower-rated debt securities generally offer a higher current yield than that available for investment grade issues with similar maturities, but they may involve significant risk under adverse conditions. In particular, adverse changes in general economic conditions and in the industries in which the issuers are engaged and changes in the financial condition of the issuers are more likely to cause price volatility and
 
 
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weaken the capacity of the issuer to make principal and interest payments than is the case for higher-grade debt securities. These securities are susceptible to default or decline in market value due to real or perceived adverse economic and business developments relating to the issuer, market interest rates and market liquidity. In addition, to the extent the Fund invests in lower-quality securities, it may incur additional expenses to the extent recovery is sought on defaulted securities. Because of the many risks involved in investing in lower-rated debt securities, the success of such investments is dependent on the credit analysis of the Manager.
 
During periods of economic downturn or rising interest rates, highly leveraged issuers may experience financial stress which could adversely affect their ability to make payments of interest and principal and increase the possibility of default. In addition, such issuers may not have more traditional methods of financing available to them and may be unable to repay debt at maturity by refinancing. The risk of loss due to default by such issuers is significantly greater because such securities frequently are unsecured and subordinated to the prior payment of senior indebtedness.
 
At certain times in the past, the market for lower-rated debt securities has expanded rapidly, and its growth generally paralleled a long economic expansion. In the past, the prices of many lower-rated debt securities declined substantially, reflecting an expectation that many issuers of such securities might experience financial difficulties. As a result, the yields on lower-rated debt securities rose dramatically. However, such higher yields did not reflect the value of the income stream that holders of such securities expected, but rather the risk that holders of such securities could lose a substantial portion of their value as a result of the issuers’ financial restructuring or defaults. There can be no assurance that such declines will not recur.
 
The market for lower-rated debt issues generally is thinner or less active than that for higher quality securities, which may limit the Fund’s ability to sell such securities at fair value in response to changes in the economy or financial markets. Judgment may play a greater role in pricing such securities than it does for more liquid securities. Adverse publicity and investor perceptions, whether or not based on fundamental analysis, may also decrease the values and liquidity of lower rated debt securities, especially in a thinly traded market.
 
The Fund may invest in securities whose ratings imply an imminent risk of default with respect to such payments.  Issuers of securities in default may fail to resume principal or interest payments, in which case the Fund may lose its entire investment.
 
See Appendix A for further information about the ratings of debt securities assigned by S&P and Moody’s.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund has no limitations on the amount of its assets that it can invest in lower rated debt securities.
 
The Fund considers bonds rated by at least one NRSRO below the fourth highest category to be lower-rated securities or “junk bonds.”
 
Direct Debt Instruments .   Direct debt includes interests in loans, notes and other interests in amounts owed to financial institutions by borrowers, such as companies and governments, including emerging market countries. Direct debt instruments are interests in
 
 
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amounts owed by corporate, governmental, or other borrowers (including emerging market countries) to lenders or lending syndicates. Purchasers of loans and other forms of direct indebtedness depend primarily upon the creditworthiness of the borrower for payment of principal and interest. The borrower may be in financial distress or may default or have a right to borrow additional cash from the owners of direct debt. If the Fund does not receive scheduled interest or principal payments on such indebtedness, the Fund’s share price and yield could be adversely affected. Direct debt instruments may involve a risk of insolvency of the lending bank or intermediary. In addition, there may be fewer legal protections for owners of direct debt than conventional debt securities.  Direct indebtedness of developing countries involves a risk that the governmental entities responsible for the repayment of the debt may be unable or unwilling to pay interest and repay principal when due. See the additional risks described under “Foreign Securities” in this SAI.
 
Direct debt instruments may have floating interest rates.  These interest rates will vary depending on the terms of the underlying loan and market conditions.
 
Policies and Limitations. To the extent direct debt is deemed illiquid, such an investment is subject to the Fund’s 15% limitation on illiquid securities.
 
Loans, Loan Assignments, and Loan Participations . Floating rate securities , including loans, provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate at fixed intervals ( e.g ., daily, weekly, monthly, or semi-annually) or automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever a specified interest rate or index changes. The interest rate on floating rate securities ordinarily is determined by reference to LIBOR (London Interbank Offered Rate), a particular bank’s prime rate, the 90-day U.S. Treasury Bill rate, the rate of return on commercial paper or bank CDs, an index of short-term tax-exempt rates or some other objective measure.
 
Loan interests are a form of direct debt instrument in which the Fund may invest by taking an assignment of all or a portion of an interest in a loan previously held by another institution or by acquiring a participation in an interest in a loan that continues to be held by another institution.   The Fund may invest in secured and unsecured loans.  Many banks have been weakened by the recent financial crisis, and it may be difficult for the Fund to obtain an accurate picture of a lending bank’s financial condition. Loans are subject to the same risks as other direct debt instruments discussed above and carry additional risks described in this section.
 
Creditworthiness .  The Fund ’s ability to receive payments in connection with loans depends on the financial condition of the borrower . The Manager will not rely solely on another lending institution’s credit analysis of the borrower, but will perform its own investment analysis of the borrowers. The Manager’s analysis may include consideration of the borrower’s financial strength, managerial experience, debt coverage, additional borrowing requirements or debt maturity schedules, changing financial conditions, and responsiveness to changes in business conditions and interest rates. Indebtedness of borrowers whose creditworthiness is poor involves substantially greater risks and may be highly speculative.  Borrowers that are in bankruptcy or restructuring may never pay off their indebtedness, or may pay only a small fraction of the amount owed.  In connection with the restructuring of a loan or other direct debt instrument outside of bankruptcy court in a negotiated work-out or in the context of bankruptcy
 
 
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proceedings, equity securities or junior debt securities may be received in exchange for all or a portion of an interest in the security.
 
Ratings .  Loan interests may not be rated by independent rating agencies and therefore, investments in a particular loan participation may depend almost exclusively on the credit analysis of the borrower performed by the Manager.
 
Agents.   Loans are typically administered by a bank, insurance company, finance company or other financial institution (the “agent”) for a lending syndicate of financial institutions.  In a typical loan, the agent administers the terms of the loan agreement and is responsible for the collection of principal and interest and fee payments from the borrower and the apportionment of these payments to all lenders that are parties to the loan agreement.  In addition, an institution (which may be the agent) may hold collateral on behalf of the lenders.  Typically, under loan agreements, the agent is given broad authority in monitoring the borrower’s performance and is obligated to use the same care it would use in the management of its own property.  In asserting rights against a borrower, the Fund normally will be dependent on the willingness of the lead bank to assert these rights, or upon a vote of all the lenders to authorize the action.
 
If an agent becomes insolvent, or has a receiver, conservator, or similar official appointed for it by the appropriate regulatory authority, or becomes a debtor in a bankruptcy proceeding, the agent’s appointment may be terminated and a successor agent would be appointed.  If an appropriate regulator or court determines that assets held by the agent for the benefit of the purchasers of loans are subject to the claims of the agent’s general or secured creditors, the purchasers might incur certain costs and delays in realizing payment on a loan or suffer a loss of principal and/or interest.
 
Collateral. Although most of the loans in which the Fund invests are secured, there is no assurance that the collateral can be promptly liquidated, or that its liquidation value will be equal to the value of the debt. In most loan agreements there is no formal requirement to pledge additional collateral if the value of the initial collateral declines .  As a result, a loan may not always be fully collateralized and can decline significantly in value.
 
If a borrower becomes insolvent, access to collateral may be limited by bankruptcy and other laws.  Borrowers that are in bankruptcy may pay only a small portion of the amount owed, if they are able to pay at all. If a secured loan is foreclosed, the Fund will likely be required to bear the costs and liabilities associated with owning and disposing of the collateral .  There is also a possibility that the Fund will become the owner of its pro rata share of the collateral which may carry additional risks and liabilities.  I n addition, under legal theories of lender liability, the Fund potentially might be held liable as a co-lender.
 
Some loans are unsecured.  If the borrower defaults on an unsecured loan, the Fund will be a general creditor and will not have rights to any specific assets of the borrower.
 
Liquidity. Loans are generally subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale.  Loans are not currently listed on any securities exchange or automatic quotation system.  As a result, there may not be a recognized, liquid public market for loan interests.
 
 
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Prepayment Risk and Maturity .  Because many loans are repaid early, the actual maturity of loans is typically shorter than their stated final maturity calculated solely on the basis of the stated life and payment schedule. The degree to which borrowers prepay loans, whether as a contractual requirement or at their election, may be affected by general business conditions, market interest rates, the borrower’s financial condition and competitive conditions among lenders.   Such prepayments may require the Fund to replace an investment with a lower yielding security which may have an adverse affect on the Fund’s share price.  Prepayments cannot be predicted with accuracy.  Floating rate loans can be less sensitive to prepayment risk, but the Fund’s net asset value may still fluctuate in response to interest rate changes because variable interest rates may only reset periodically and may not rise or decline as much as interest rates in general.
 
Restrictive Covenants.   A borrower must comply with various restrictive covenants in a loan agreement such as restrictions on dividend payments and limits on total debt.  The loan agreement may also contain a covenant requiring the borrower to prepay the loan with any free cash flow.  A breach of a covenant is normally an event of default, which provides the agent or the lenders the right to call the outstanding loan.
 
Fees and Expenses .   Purchasers and sellers of loans may pay certain fees , such as an assignment fee.  In addition, the Fund incurs expenses associated with researching and analyzing potential loan investments, including legal fees.
 
Available Information. Loans normally are not registered with the SEC or any state securities commission or listed on any securities exchange. As a result, the amount of public information available about a specific loan historically has been less extensive than if the loan were registered or exchange traded. They may also not be considered “securities,” and purchasers, such as the Fund, therefore may not be entitled to rely on the strong anti-fraud protections of the federal securities laws.
 
Leveraged Buy-Out Transactions.   Loans purchased by the Fund may represent interests in loans made to finance highly leveraged corporate acquisitions, known as “leveraged buy-out” transactions, leveraged recapitalization loans and other types of acquisition financing.  The highly leveraged capital structure of the borrowers in such transactions may make such loans especially vulnerable to adverse changes in economic or market conditions.
 
Junior Loans.   The Fund may invest in second lien secured loans and secured and unsecured subordinated loans, including bridge loans (“Junior Loans”). In the event of a bankruptcy or liquidation, second lien secured loans are generally paid only if the value of the borrower’s collateral is sufficient to satisfy the borrower’s obligations to the first lien secured lenders and even then, the remaining collateral may not be sufficient to cover the amount owed to the Fund.  Second lien secured loans give investors priority over general unsecured creditors in the event of an asset sale.
 
Junior Loans are subject to the same general risks inherent to any loan investment, including credit risk, market and liquidity risk, and interest rate risk. Due to their lower place in the borrower’s capital structure, Junior Loans involve a higher degree of overall risk than senior loans of the same borrower.
 
 
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Bridge Loans.   Bridge loans or bridge facilities are short-term loan arrangements ( e.g ., 12 to 18 months) typically made by a borrower in anticipation of intermediate-term or long-term permanent financing. Most bridge loans are structured as floating-rate debt with step-up provisions under which the interest rate on the bridge loan rises over time.  Thus, the longer the loan remains outstanding , the more the interest rate increases. In addition, bridge loans commonly contain a conversion feature that allows the bridge loan investor to convert its loan interest into senior exchange notes if the loan has not been prepaid in full on or prior to its maturity date. Bridge loans may be subordinate to other debt and may be secured or unsecured. Like any loan, bridge loans involve credit risk. Bridge loans are generally made with the expectation that the borrower will be able to obtain permanent financing in the near future. Any delay in obtaining permanent financing subjects the bridge loan investor to increased risk. A borrower’s use of bridge loans also involves the risk that the borrower may be unable to locate permanent financing to replace the bridge loan, which may impair the borrower’s perceived creditworthiness. With the onset of the financial crisis in 2008, many borrowers found it more difficult to obtain loans, a situation that has been gradually improving.
 
Participation Interests – Intermediary Risk .  In a participation interest, the purchaser does not have any direct contractual relationship with the borrower.  If the Fund acquires a participation interest in a loan, the Fund may not be able to control the exercise of any remedies that the lender would have under the loan.  In addition, the Fund normally will have to rely on the participating lender to demand and receive payments in respect of the loans, and to pay those amounts on to the Fund; the Fund will be subject to the risk that the lender may be unwilling or unable to do so.  In such a case, the Fund would not likely have any rights against the borrower directly.
 
Policies and Limitations . The Fund does not intend to invest in loan instruments that could require additional investments upon the borrower’s demand.
 
The Fund’s policies limit the percentage of its assets that can be invested in the securities of one issuer or in issuers primarily involved in one industry. Legal interpretations by the SEC staff may require the Fund to treat both the lending bank and the borrower as “issuers” of a loan participation by the Fund. In combination, the Fund’s policies and the SEC staff’s interpretations may limit the amount the Fund can invest in loan participations.
 
For purposes of determining its dollar-weighted average maturity, the Fund calculates the remaining maturity of loans on the basis of the stated life and payment schedule.
 
Stripped Securities .   Stripped Securities are the separate income or principal components of a debt security. The risks associated with stripped securities are similar to those of other debt securities, although stripped securities may be more volatile, and the value of certain types of stripped securities may move in the same direction as interest rates. U.S. Treasury securities that have been stripped by a Federal Reserve Bank are obligations issued by the U.S. Treasury.
 
Privately stripped government securities are created when a dealer deposits a U.S. Treasury security or other U.S. Government security with a custodian for safekeeping. The
 
 
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custodian issues separate receipts for the coupon payments and the principal payment, which the dealer then sells. These coupons are not obligations of the U.S. Treasury.
 
Stripped Mortgage Backed Securities (SMBS) .   SMBS are derivative multi-class mortgage securities. SMBS may be issued by agencies or instrumentalities of the U.S. Government, or by private originators of, or investors in, mortgage loans, including savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, commercial banks, investment banks and special purpose entities of the foregoing.
 
SMBS are usually structured with two classes that receive different proportions of the interest and principal distributions on a pool of mortgage assets. A common type of SMBS will have one class receiving some of the interest and most of the principal from the mortgage assets, while the other class will receive most of the interest and the remainder of the principal. In the most extreme case, one class will receive all of the interest (the interest-only or “IO” class), while the other class will receive all of the principal (the principal-only or “PO” class). The yield to maturity on an IO class is extremely sensitive to the rate of principal payments (including prepayments) on the related underlying mortgage assets, and a rapid rate of principal payments may have a material adverse effect on the Fund’s yield to maturity from these securities. If the underlying mortgage assets experience greater than anticipated prepayments of principal, the Fund may fail to recoup some or all of its initial investment in these securities even if the security is in one of the highest rating categories.
 
Although SMBS are purchased and sold by institutional investors through several investment banking firms acting as brokers or dealers, these securities were only recently developed. As a result, established trading markets have not yet developed and, accordingly, these securities may be deemed “illiquid” and subject to the Fund’s limitations on investment in illiquid securities.
 
Variable or Floating Rate Securities; Demand and Put Features .   Variable rate and floating rate securities provide for automatic adjustment of the interest rate at fixed intervals (e.g., daily, weekly, monthly, or semi-annually) or automatic adjustment of the interest rate whenever a specified interest rate or index changes. The interest rate on variable and floating rate securities (collectively, “Adjustable Rate Securities”) ordinarily is determined by reference to a particular bank’s prime rate, the 90-day U.S. Treasury Bill rate, the rate of return on commercial paper or bank CDs, an index of short-term tax-exempt rates or some other objective measure.
 
Adjustable Rate Securities frequently permit the holder to demand payment of the obligations’ principal and accrued interest at any time or at specified intervals not exceeding one year. The demand feature usually is backed by a credit instrument (e.g., a bank letter of credit) from a creditworthy issuer and sometimes by insurance from a creditworthy insurer. In purchasing these securities, the Fund relies primarily on the creditworthiness of the credit instrument issuer or the insurer. The Fund can also buy fixed rate securities accompanied by a demand feature or by a put option, which permits the Fund to sell the security to the issuer or third party at a specified price. The Fund may rely on the creditworthiness of issuers of the credit enhancements in purchasing these securities.
 
 
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Commercial Paper .  Commercial paper is a short-term debt security issued by a corporation, bank, municipality, or other issuer, usually for purposes such as financing current operations. The Fund may invest in commercial paper that cannot be resold to the public without an effective registration statement under the 1933 Act. While restricted commercial paper normally is deemed illiquid, the Manager may in certain cases determine that such paper is liquid, pursuant to guidelines established by the Fund Trustees.
 
Policies and Limitations . To the extent restricted commercial paper is deemed illiquid, purchases thereof will be subject to the Fund’s 15% limit on investments in illiquid securities.  The Fund may invest in commercial paper only if it has received the highest rating from S&P (A-1) or Moody’s (P-1) or is deemed by the Manager to be of comparable quality.  The Fund may also invest in such commercial paper as a defensive measure, to increase liquidity, or as needed for segregated assets.
 
Zero Coupon Securities .  The Fund may invest in zero coupon securities, which are debt obligations that do not entitle the holder to any periodic payment of interest prior to maturity or that specify a future date when the securities begin to pay current interest. Zero coupon securities are issued and traded at a discount from their face amount or par value (known as “original issue discount” or “OID”). OID varies depending on prevailing interest rates, the time remaining until cash payments begin, the liquidity of the security, and the perceived credit quality of the issuer.
 
OID must be included in the Fund’s gross income ratably prior to the receipt of any actual payments. Because the Fund must distribute substantially all of its net income (including its accrued OID) to its shareholders each year for federal income and excise tax purposes, it may have to dispose of portfolio securities under disadvantageous circumstances to generate cash, or may be required to borrow, to satisfy the distribution requirements. See “Additional Tax Information.”
 
The market prices of zero coupon securities generally are more volatile than the prices of securities that pay interest periodically. Zero coupon securities are likely to respond to changes in interest rates to a greater degree than other types of debt securities having a similar maturity and credit quality.
 
Convertible Securities .  The Fund may invest in convertible securities. A convertible security is a bond, debenture, note, preferred stock, or other security that may be converted into or exchanged for a prescribed amount of common stock of the same or a different issuer within a particular period of time at a specified price or formula. Convertible securities generally have features of both common stocks and debt securities. A convertible security entitles the holder to receive the interest paid or accrued on debt or the dividend paid on preferred stock until the convertible security matures or is redeemed, converted or exchanged. Before conversion, such securities ordinarily provide a stream of income with generally higher yields than common stocks of the same or similar issuers, but lower than the yield on non-convertible debt. Convertible securities are usually subordinated to comparable-tier non-convertible securities but rank senior to common stock in a corporation’s capital structure. The value of a convertible security is a function of (1) its yield in comparison to the yields of other securities of comparable maturity and quality that do not have a conversion privilege and (2) its worth if converted into the underlying common stock.
 

 
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The price of a convertible security often reflects variations in the price of the underlying common stock in a way that non-convertible debt may not. Convertible securities are typically issued by smaller capitalization companies whose stock prices may be volatile. A convertible security may be subject to redemption at the option of the issuer at a price established in the security’s governing instrument. If a convertible security held by the Fund is called for redemption, the Fund will be required to convert it into the underlying common stock, sell it to a third party or permit the issuer to redeem the security. Any of these actions could have an adverse effect on the Fund’s ability to achieve its investment objectives.
 
Policies and Limitations .   Convertible securities are considered equity securities for purposes of any investment policy or limitation.  Convertible debt securities are subject to the Fund’s investment policies and limitations concerning fixed income securities.
 
Preferred Stock .  The Fund may invest in preferred stock. Unlike interest payments on debt securities, dividends on preferred stock are generally payable at the discretion of the issuer’s board of directors. Preferred shareholders may have certain rights if dividends are not paid but generally have no legal recourse against the issuer. Shareholders may suffer a loss of value if dividends are not paid. The market prices of preferred stocks are generally more sensitive to changes in the issuer’s creditworthiness than are the prices of debt securities.
 
Warrants and Rights .   Warrants and rights may be acquired by the Fund in connection with other securities or separately.  Warrants are securities permitting, but not obligating, their holder to subscribe for other securities or commodities at a later date.  Rights are similar to warrants but typically are issued by a company to existing holders of its stock and provide those holders the right to purchase additional shares of stock at a later date.  Rights also normally have a shorter duration than warrants.  Warrants and rights do not carry with them the right to dividends or voting rights with respect to the securities that they entitle their holder to purchase, and they do not represent any rights in the assets of the issuer. As a result, warrants and rights may be considered more speculative than certain other types of investments. In addition, the value of a warrant or right does not necessarily change with the value of the underlying securities.  The purchase of warrants or rights involves the risk that the Fund could lose the purchase value of a warrant or right if the right to subscribe to additional shares is not exercised prior to the warrants’ and rights’ expiration date since warrants and rights cease to have value if they are not exercised prior to their expiration date. Also, the purchase of warrants and rights involves the risk that the effective price paid for the warrants or rights added to the subscription price of the related security may exceed the value of the subscribed security’s market price such as when there is no movement in the price of the underlying security.  The market for warrants or rights may be very limited and it may be difficult to sell them promptly at an acceptable price.
 
Swap Agreements .  The Fund may enter into swap agreements to manage or gain exposure to particular types of investments (including commodities, equity securities or indices of equity securities in which the Fund otherwise could not invest efficiently). In a swap agreement, one party agrees to make regular payments equal to a floating rate on a specified amount in exchange for payments equal to a fixed rate, or a different floating rate, on the same amount for a specified period.
 
 
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Swap agreements may be illiquid.  Swap agreements may involve leverage and may be highly volatile; depending on how they are used, they may have a considerable impact on the Fund’s performance. The risks of swap agreements depend upon the Fund’s ability to terminate its swap agreements or reduce its exposure through offsetting transactions. Moreover, the use of a swap agreement also involves the risk that a loss may be sustained as a result of the insolvency or bankruptcy of the counterparty or the failure of the counterparty to make required payments or otherwise comply with the terms of the agreement. If a firm’s creditworthiness declines, the value of the agreement might decline, potentially resulting in losses. Changing conditions in a particular market area, such as those recently experienced in the subprime mortgage market, whether or not directly related to the referenced assets that underlie the swap agreement, may have an adverse impact on the creditworthiness of the counterparty. For example, the counterparty may have experienced losses as a result of its exposure to the subprime market that adversely affect its creditworthiness. If a default occurs by the other party to such transaction, the Fund may have contractual remedies pursuant to the agreements related to the transaction.
 
Commodity-linked swaps are two party contracts in which the parties agree to exchange the return or interest rate on one instrument for the return of a particular commodity, commodity index or commodities futures or options contract. The payment streams are calculated by reference to an agreed upon notional amount. A one-period swap contract operates in a manner similar to a forward or futures contract because there is an agreement to swap a commodity for cash at only one forward date. The Fund may engage in swap transactions that have more than one period and therefore more than one exchange of commodities. The Fund may invest in total return commodity swaps to gain exposure to the overall commodity markets. In a total return commodity swap, the Fund will receive the price appreciation of a commodity index, a portion of the index, or a single commodity in exchange for paying an agreed-upon fee. If the commodity swap is for one period, the Fund will pay a fixed fee, established at the outset of the swap.  However, if the term of the commodity swap is more than one period, with interim swap payments, the Fund will pay an adjustable or floating fee. With “floating” rate, the fee is pegged to a base rate such as the London Interbank Offered Rate (“LIBOR”), and is adjusted each period. Therefore, if interest rates increase over the term of the swap contract, the Fund may be required to pay a higher fee at each swap reset date.
 
The swaps market was largely unregulated prior to the enactment of the Dodd-Frank Act on July 21, 2010. It is possible that developments in the swaps market, including the issuance of final implementing regulations under the Dodd-Frank Act, could adversely affect the Fund’s ability to enter into swaps in the OTC market (or require that certain of such instruments be exchange-traded and centrally-cleared), support those trades with collateral, terminate new or existing swap agreements or to realize amounts to be received under such instruments.
 
 
Policies and Limitations . In accordance with SEC staff requirements, the Fund will segregate cash or appropriate liquid securities in an amount equal to its obligations under swap agreements; when an agreement provides for netting of the payments by the two parties, the Fund will segregate only the amount of its net obligation, if any.
 
Master Limited Partnerships .  Master limited partnerships (“MLPs”) are limited partnerships (or similar entities) in which the ownership units ( e.g. , limited partnership interests) are publicly traded. MLP units are registered with the SEC and are freely traded on a securities
 
 
43

 

exchange or in the OTC market. Many MLPs operate in the oil and gas related businesses, including energy processing and distribution.  Many MLPs are pass-through entities that generally are taxed at the unitholder level and are not subject to federal or state income tax at the entity level. Annual income, gains, losses, deductions and credits of an MLP pass through directly to its unitholders. Distributions from an MLP may consist in part of a return of capital. Generally, an MLP is operated under the supervision of one or more general partners. Limited partners are not involved in the day-to-day management of an MLP.
 
Investing in MLPs involves certain risks related to investing in their underlying assets of the MLPs and risks associated with pooled investment vehicles. MLPs holding credit-related investments are subject to interest rate risk and the risk of default on payment obligations by debt issuers. MLPs that concentrate in a particular industry or a particular geographic region are subject to risks associated with such industry or region. Investments held by MLPs may be relatively illiquid, limiting the MLPs’ ability to vary their portfolios promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. MLPs may have limited financial resources, their securities may trade infrequently and in limited volume, and they may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements than securities of larger or more broadly based companies.
 
The risks of investing in an MLP are generally those inherent in investing in a partnership as opposed to a corporation. For example, state law governing partnerships is often less restrictive than state law governing corporations. Accordingly, there may be fewer protections afforded investors in an MLP than investors in a corporation. Although unitholders of an MLP are generally limited in their liability, similar to a corporation’s shareholders, creditors typically have the right to seek the return of distributions made to unitholders if the liability in question arose before the distributions were paid. This liability may stay attached to a unitholder even after it sells its units.
 
Money Market Fund Securities .   The Fund may invest a significant amount of its assets in the shares of money market funds, as consistent with its investment objective and policies.  The shares of money market funds are subject to the management fees and other expenses of those funds. Therefore, investments in money market funds will cause the Fund to bear proportionately the costs incurred by the money market funds’ operations. At the same time, the Fund will continue to pay its own management fees and expenses with respect to all of its assets, including any portion invested in the shares of other investment companies.
 
Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities.  The Fund does not intend to invest in such investment companies unless, in the judgment of the Manager, the potential benefits of such investment justify the payment of any applicable premium or sales charge.
 
Although money market funds that operate in accordance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act seek to preserve a $1.00 share price, it is possible for the Fund to lose money by investing in money market funds.
 
Other Investment Company Securities .  The Fund may invest in shares of other investment companies (including shares of exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)).  When making such an investment, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to all the risks of such investment companies.
 
 
44

 

Such an investment may be the most practical or only manner in which the Fund can participate in certain foreign markets because of the expenses involved or because other vehicles for investing in those countries may not be available at the time the Fund is ready to make an investment. The Fund at times may invest in instruments structured as shares of investment companies to gain exposure to the performance of a recognized securities index, such as the S&P 500 Index.
 
As a shareholder in an investment company, the Fund would indirectly bear its pro rata share of that investment company’s expenses. Investment in other investment companies may involve the payment of substantial premiums above the value of such issuer’s portfolio securities. The Fund does not intend to invest in such investment companies unless, in the judgment of the Manager, the potential benefits of such investment justify the payment of any applicable premium or sales charge.
 
ETFs are investment companies that are registered as open-end management companies or unit investment trusts but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds.  For example, like closed-end funds, ETFs’ shares are listed and traded in the secondary market.
 
Many ETFs are passively managed and seek to provide returns that track the price and yield performance of a particular index. Although such ETFs may invest in other instruments, they largely hold the securities ( e.g ., common stocks) in the relevant index. An ETF’s share price may not track its specified market index and may trade below its net asset value. An active secondary market in an ETF’s shares may not develop or be maintained and may be halted or interrupted due to actions by its listing exchange, unusual market conditions or other reasons. There can be no assurance an ETF’s shares will continue to be listed on an active exchange.
 
The Fund may effect short sales of ETFs and may also purchase and sell options on shares of ETFs.  If the Fund effects a short sale of an ETF, it may take long positions in individual securities held by the ETF to limit the potential loss in the event of an increase in the market price of the ETF sold short.
 
Policies and Limitations .  The Fund may invest an unlimited amount of its uninvested cash in shares of money market funds that operate in compliance with Rule 2a-7 under the 1940 Act, whether or not advised by NB Management or an affiliate, under specified conditions.  See “Cash Management and Temporary Investment Policy.”
 
Otherwise, the Fund’s investment in securities of other investment companies is generally limited to (i) 3% of the total voting stock of any one investment company, (ii) 5% of the Fund’s total assets with respect to any one investment company and (iii) 10% of the Fund’s total assets in all investment companies in the aggregate.  However, the Fund may exceed these limits when investing in shares of an ETF, subject to the terms and conditions of an exemptive order from the SEC obtained by the ETF that permits an investing fund, such as the Fund, to invest in the ETF in excess of the limits described above.  In addition, the SEC has proposed a rule on which the Fund may rely that would, if adopted, permit funds to invest in ETFs in excess of those limits.
 
For purposes of the Fund’s industry concentration policy, the Fund will look through to underlying investments of the investment companies, including ETFs, in which the Fund has
 
 
45

 

invested for purposes of determining the percentage of the Fund’s total assets that are invested in the securities of issuers having their principal business activities in the same industry.
 
The Fund is also able to invest up to 100% of its total assets in a master portfolio with the same investment objectives, policies and limitations as the Fund.
 
Wholly Owned Subsidiary.   The Fund may invest a portion of its assets in a wholly owned subsidiary organized as a limited liability company under the laws of the Cayman Islands (“Subsidiary”). The Fund will invest in the Subsidiary in order to gain exposure to the commodities markets within the limitations of Subchapter M of the Code applicable to RICs. The Fund must maintain no more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the Subsidiary at the end of every quarter of its taxable year. The Subsidiary’s commodity-linked investments (including commodity-linked futures contracts, structured notes, swaps and options) are expected to produce leveraged exposure to the performance of the commodities markets. The Subsidiary also may invest in money market funds, fixed income securities and other instruments that may serve as collateral for its commodity-linked positions and may hold cash or cash equivalents.
 
The Subsidiary will be overseen by its own board of directors and will not be registered under the 1940 Act and will not be subject to its investor protections, except as noted in the Fund’s Prospectus or this SAI. The Fund, as the sole shareholder of the Subsidiary, does not have all of the protections offered by the 1940 Act. However, the Subsidiary will be wholly owned and controlled by the Fund and the Fund Trustees will maintain oversight responsibility for investment activities of the Subsidiary generally (with respect to compliance and investment policies and procedures) as if the Subsidiary’s investments were held directly by the Fund. Furthermore, NB Management will be responsible for the Subsidiary’s day-to-day business pursuant to the Investment Management Agreement between the Fund and NB Management. Therefore, the Fund’s ownership and control of the Subsidiary will make it unlikely that the Subsidiary would take action contrary to the interests of the Fund or its shareholders. Under the Fund’s Investment Management Agreement, NB Management will provide the Subsidiary with the same type of management services, under the same terms, as are provided to the Fund. NB Management will engage NBAIM as investment adviser of the Subsidiary to choose the Subsidiary’s investments and handle its day-to-day business. NBAIM also may engage subadvisers to choose the Subsidiary’s investments. The Subsidiary also will contract with service providers to provide custody and other services to the Subsidiary.
 
In managing the Subsidiary’s investment portfolio, and in adhering to the Fund’s compliance policies and procedures, NB Management will treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally as if the assets were held directly by the Fund. NB Management will also treat the assets of the Subsidiary generally as if the assets were held directly by the Fund with respect to its adherence to the Fund’s investment policies and restrictions.
 
The Subsidiary will bear the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the custody services that it receives. The Fund expects that the expenses borne by the Subsidiary will not be material in relation to the value of the Fund’s assets.
 
The financial information of the Subsidiary will be consolidated into the Fund’s financial statements, as contained within the Fund’s Annual and Semiannual Reports provided to shareholders. Changes in U.S. laws (where the investing fund is organized) and/or the Cayman
 
 
46

 

Islands (where the Subsidiary is organized), could prevent the Fund and/or the Subsidiary from operating as described in the Fund’s Prospectus and this SAI and could negatively affect the Fund and its shareholders. For example, the Cayman Islands currently does not impose certain taxes on the Subsidiary, including any income, corporate or capital gains tax, estate duty, inheritance tax, gift tax or withholding tax. If Cayman Islands laws were changed to require the Subsidiary to pay Cayman Islands taxes, the investment returns of the Fund would likely decrease.
 
By investing in the Subsidiary, the Fund will be indirectly exposed to the risks associated with the Subsidiary’s investments. The derivatives and other investments that may be held by the Subsidiary provide exposure similar to that held by the Fund and will be subject to the same risks that apply to similar investments if held directly by the Fund.
 
Indexed Securities .  The Fund may invest in indexed securities whose values are linked to currencies, interest rates, commodities, indices, or other financial indicators, domestic or foreign. Most indexed securities are short- to intermediate-term fixed income securities whose values at maturity or interest rates rise or fall according to the change in one or more specified underlying instruments. The value of indexed securities may increase or decrease if the underlying instrument appreciates, and they may have return characteristics similar to direct investment in the underlying instrument. Indexed securities may be more volatile than the underlying instrument itself.
 
Commodities Related Investments .  Although the Fund may not purchase precious metals (such as gold, silver or platinum) or other physical commodities or contracts thereon, the Fund may purchase securities backed by physical commodities, including interests in exchange-traded investment trusts and other similar entities, the value of the shares of which relates directly to the value of precious metals or other physical commodities held by the entity.  As an investor in such an entity, the Fund would indirectly bear its pro rata share of the entity’s expenses, which may include storage and other costs relating to the entity’s investments in precious metals or other physical commodities.  In addition, the Fund will not qualify as a RIC if more than 10% of its annual gross income consists of certain “non-qualifying” income, which includes gains resulting from selling precious metals or any other physical commodity (or options or futures contracts thereon unless the gain is realized from certain hedging transactions) and certain other non-passive income.  See “Additional Tax Information.”  The Fund’s investment in securities backed by, or in such entities that invest in, physical commodities generally would produce income that would be subject to this 10% limitation.  To remain within this limitation, the Fund may hold such an investment or sell it at a loss, or sell other investments, when for investment reasons it would not otherwise do so.  The availability of such measures does not guarantee that the Fund would be able to remain within the limitations of the Code.
 
The Fund may request a private letter ruling from the Internal Revenue Service (“Service”) that the Fund’s income from the Subsidiary is “qualifying income,” consistent with a position expressed in numerous private letter rulings the Service had issued in recent years (which the Fund may not rely on as precedent) until it suspended the issuance of these rulings in July 2011. If the Service failed to issue a requested ruling and was to change that position, the Fund may be unable to qualify as a RIC for one or more years.  See “Additional Tax Information.”  In that event, the Fund may not utilize all the investment strategies disclosed in the Prospectus.
 

 
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Exposure to precious metals and other physical commodities may subject the Fund to greater volatility than investments in traditional securities.  The value of such investments may be affected by overall market movements, commodity index volatility, changes in interest rates, or factors affecting a particular industry or commodity, such as supply and demand, drought, floods, weather, embargoes, tariffs and international economic, political and regulatory developments.  Their value may also respond to investor perception of instability in the national or international economy, whether or not justified by the facts.  However, these investments may help to moderate fluctuations in the value of the Fund’s other holdings, because these investments may not correlate with investments in traditional securities. Because precious metals and other physical commodities do not generate investment income, the return on such investments will be derived solely from the appreciation or depreciation on such investments. Certain types of commodities instruments (such as commodity-linked swaps and commodity-linked structured notes) are subject to the risk that the counterparty to the instrument will not perform or will be unable to perform in accordance with the terms of the instrument.
 
The commodity-related investments of the Subsidiary will not generally be subject to U.S. laws (including securities laws) and their protections. Further, they will be subject to the laws of a foreign jurisdiction, which can be adversely affected by developments in that jurisdiction.
 
Policies and Limitations .   The Fund may not purchase precious metals or other physical commodities or contracts thereon, unless acquired as a result of the ownership of securities or instruments. However, the Fund may purchase securities backed by physical commodities, including interests in exchange-traded investment trusts and other similar entities, the value of the shares of which relates directly to the value of precious metals or other physical commodities held by such an entity.  The Fund does not intend to sell such investments when doing so would cause it to fail to qualify as a RIC.
 
Terrorism Risks .   Some of the U.S. securities markets were closed for a four-day period as a result of the terrorist attacks on the World Trade Center and Pentagon on September 11, 2001. These terrorist attacks, the war with Iraq and its aftermath, continuing occupation of Iraq and Afghanistan by coalition forces and related events have led to increased short-term market volatility and may have long-term effects on U.S. and world economies and markets. Those events could also have an acute effect on individual issuers, related groups of issuers, or issuers concentrated in a single geographic area. A similar disruption of the financial markets or other terrorist attacks could adversely impact interest rates, auctions, secondary trading, ratings, credit risk, inflation and other factors relating to portfolio securities and adversely affect Fund service providers and the Fund’s operations.
 
Natural Disasters and Adverse Weather Conditions.   Certain areas of the world historically have been prone to major natural disasters, such as hurricanes, earthquakes, typhoons, flooding, tidal waves, tsunamis, erupting volcanoes, wildfires or droughts, and have been economically sensitive to environmental events. Such disasters, and the resulting damage, could have a severe and negative impact on the Fund’s investment portfolio and, in the longer term, could impair the ability of issuers in which the Fund invests to conduct their businesses in the manner normally conducted. Adverse weather conditions may also have a particularly significant negative effect on issuers in the agricultural sector and on insurance companies that insure against the impact of natural disasters.
 
 
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Risks of Reliance on Computer Programs or Codes.   Many processes used in fund management, including security selection, rely, in whole or in part, on the use of computer programs or computer codes, some of which are created or maintained by the Manager or its affiliates and some by third parties.  Errors in these programs or codes may go undetected, possibly for quite some time, which could adversely affect the Fund’s operations or performance.  Computer programs or codes are susceptible to human error when they are first created and as they are developed and maintained.  Some funds, like the Fund, may be subject to heightened risk in this area because the funds’ advisers rely to a greater extent on computer programs or codes in managing the fund’s assets.
 
While efforts are made to guard against problems associated with computer programs or codes, there can be no assurance that such efforts will always be successful.  The Fund has limited insight into the programs and processes of some service providers, and may have to rely on contractual assurances or business relationships to protect against some errors in the service providers’ systems.
 
Recent Market Conditions . The financial crisis in the U.S. and global economies over the past several years, including the European sovereign debt crisis, has resulted, and may continue to result, in an unusually high degree of volatility in the financial markets and the economy at large. Both domestic and international equity and fixed income markets have been experiencing heightened volatility and turmoil, with issuers that have exposure to the real estate, mortgage and credit markets particularly affected.  It is uncertain how long these conditions will continue.
 
In addition to the recent unprecedented turbulence in financial markets, the reduced liquidity in credit and fixed income markets may negatively affect many issuers worldwide.   Illiquidity in these markets may mean there is less money available to purchase raw materials, goods and services, which may, in turn, bring down the prices of these economic staples.  It may also result in issuers having more difficulty obtaining financing and ultimately a decline in their stock prices.   The values of some sovereign debt and of securities of issuers that hold that sovereign debt have fallen.  These events and the potential for continuing market turbulence may have an adverse effect on the Fund.  In addition, global economies and financial markets are becoming increasingly interconnected, which increases the possibilities that conditions in one country or region might adversely impact issuers in a different country or region.
 
These recent market conditions have resulted in fixed income instruments experiencing unusual liquidity issues, increased price volatility and, in some cases, credit downgrades and increased likelihood of default. These events have reduced the willingness and ability of some lenders to extend credit, and have made it more difficult for borrowers to obtain financing on attractive terms, if at all.  As a result, the values of many types of securities have been reduced, including, but not limited to, mortgage-backed, asset-backed and corporate debt securities.  During times of market turmoil, investors tend to look to the safety of securities issued or backed by the U.S. Treasury, causing the prices of these securities to rise and the yield to decline.
 
Mortgage-backed securities have been especially affected by these recent market events.  Throughout 2008, the market for mortgage-related securities experienced substantially, often dramatically, lower valuations and greatly reduced liquidity. Markets for other asset-backed
 

 
49

 

securities have also been affected. In the mortgage sector, there have been rising delinquency rates. These defaults have caused unexpected losses for loan originators and certain lenders. Traditional market participants have been less willing to make a market in some types of debt instruments, which has affected the liquidity of those instruments.  Illiquid investments may be harder to value, especially in changing markets.  These risks may be heightened in the case of sub-prime mortgage-backed securities.
 
Some financial institutions and other enterprises may have large (but still undisclosed) exposure to certain types of securities, such as mortgage-backed securities, which could have a negative effect on the broader economy.  Events in the financial markets and the broader economy are also eroding the tax bases of many state and local governments, as well as their access to the credit markets.  This has put downward pressure on the value of many municipal securities.  Some traditional insurers of municipal securities have also experienced financial stress.
 
The U.S. federal government and certain foreign central banks have acted to calm credit markets and increase confidence in the U.S. and world economies. Certain of these entities have injected liquidity into the markets and taken other steps in an effort to stabilize the markets and grow the economy. The ultimate effect of these efforts is, of course, not yet known.  Changes in government policies may exacerbate the market’s difficulties and withdrawal of this support, or other policy changes by governments or central banks, could negatively affect the value and liquidity of certain securities.
 
The situation in the financial markets has resulted in calls for increased regulation, and the need of many financial institutions for government help has given lawmakers and regulators new leverage. The Dodd-Frank Act has initiated a dramatic revision of the U.S. financial regulatory framework that is now expected to unfold over several years. The Dodd-Frank Act covers a broad range of topics, including (among many others) a reorganization of federal financial regulators; a process intended to improve financial systemic stability and the resolution of potentially insolvent financial firms; new rules for derivatives trading; the creation of a consumer financial protection watchdog; the registration and additional regulation of hedge and private equity fund managers; and new federal requirements for residential mortgage loans. Instruments in which the Fund may invest, or the issuers of such instruments, may be affected by the new legislation and regulation in ways that are unforeseeable. Most of the implementing regulations have not yet been finalized.  Accordingly, the ultimate impact of the Dodd-Frank Act, including on the derivative instruments in which the Fund may invest, is not yet certain.
 
The statutory provisions of the Dodd-Frank Act significantly change in several respects the ways in which investment products are marketed, sold, settled or terminated.  In particular, the Dodd-Frank Act mandates the elimination of references to credit ratings in numerous securities laws, including the 1940 Act. Derivatives may be mandated for central clearing under the Dodd-Frank Act, which would likely require technological and other changes to Fund operations and the market in which it will trade. Central clearing would also entail the use of assets of the Fund to satisfy margin calls and this may have an effect on the performance of the Fund. Final regulations implementing the Dodd-Frank Act’s margin requirements and clearing mandates have not yet been issued by the regulators.
 
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The regulators that have been charged with the responsibility for implementing the Dodd-Frank Act ( i.e., the SEC and the CFTC) are reviewing generally and have proposed regulations or guidelines on the use of futures by funds governed by the 1940 Act (in the case of the CFTC) and guidelines on the use of derivatives by 1940 Act funds (in the case of the SEC). It is not clear whether final guidelines for such use will be published, or when these rules will become final.
 
Because the situation in the markets is widespread and largely unprecedented, it may be unusually difficult to identify both risks and opportunities using past models of the interplay of market forces, or to predict the duration of these market conditions.
 
 
PERFORMANCE INFORMATION
 
The Fund’s performance figures will be based on historical results and are not intended to indicate future performance. The share price and total return of the Fund will vary, and an investment in the Fund, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than an investor’s original cost.
 
 
TRUSTEES AND OFFICERS
 
The following tables set forth information concerning the Fund Trustees and officers of the Trust. All persons named as Fund Trustees and officers also serve in similar capacities for other funds administered or managed by NB Management.
 
Information about the Board of Trustees
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
Independent Fund Trustees
John Cannon (1930)
Trustee since inception
Consultant; formerly, Chairman, CDC Investment Advisers (registered investment adviser), 1993 to January 1999; formerly, President and Chief Executive Officer, AMA Investment Advisors, an affiliate of the American Medical Association.
47
Formerly, Independent Trustee or Director of three series of Oppenheimer Funds: Oppenheimer Limited Term New York Municipal Fund, Rochester Fund Municipals, and Oppenheimer Convertible Securities Fund, 1992 to 2009.
 
 
 
51

 
 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Faith Colish (1935)
 
Trustee since inception
Counsel, Carter Ledyard & Milburn LLP (law firm) since October 2002; formerly, Attorney-at-Law and President, Faith Colish, A Professional Corporation, 1980 to 2002.
47
Formerly, Director, 1997 to 2003, and Advisory Director, 2003 to 2006, ABA Retirement Funds (formerly, American Bar Retirement Association) (not-for-profit membership corporation).
Martha C. Goss (1949)
Trustee since 2007
President, Woodhill Enterprises Inc./Chase Hollow Associates LLC (personal investment vehicle), since 2006; Chief Operating and Financial Officer, Hopewell Holdings LLC/ Amwell Holdings, LLC (a holding company for a healthcare reinsurance company start-up), since 2003; formerly, Consultant, Resources Connection (temporary staffing), 2002 to 2006.
47
Director, American Water (water utility), since 2003; Director, Channel Reinsurance (financial guaranty reinsurance), since 2006; Director, Allianz Life of New York (insurance), since 2005; Director, Financial Women’s Association of New York (not-for-profit association), since 2003; Trustee Emerita, Brown University, since 1998; formerly, Director, Ocwen Financial Corporation (mortgage servicing), 2005 to 2010;  formerly, Advisory Board Member, Attensity (software developer), 2005 to 2007; formerly, Director, Bank Leumi (commercial bank), 2005 to 2007; formerly, Director, Claire’s Stores, Inc. (retailer), 2005 to 2007.
 
 
 
 
52

 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
C. Anne Harvey (1937)
Trustee since inception
President, C.A. Harvey Associates, since October 2001; formerly, Director, AARP, 1978 to December 2001.
47
Formerly, President, Board of Associates to The National Rehabilitation Hospital’s Board of Directors, 2001 to 2002; formerly, Member, Individual Investors Advisory Committee to the New York Stock Exchange Board of Directors, 1998 to 2002.
Robert A. Kavesh (1927)
Trustee since inception
Retired, since 2002; Marcus Nadler Professor Emeritus of Finance and Economics, New York University Stern School of Business; formerly, Executive Secretary-Treasurer, American Finance Association, 1961 to 1979.
47
Formerly, Director, The Caring Community (not-for-profit), 1997 to 2006; formerly, Director, DEL Laboratories, Inc. (cosmetics and pharmaceuticals), 1978 to 2004; formerly, Director, Apple Bank for Savings, 1979 to 1990; formerly, Director, Western Pacific Industries, Inc., (public company), 1972 to 1986.
Michael M. Knetter (1960)
Trustee since 2007
President and Chief Executive Officer, University of Wisconsin Foundation, since October 2010; formerly, Dean, School of Business, University of Wisconsin - Madison; formerly, Professor of International Economics and Associate Dean, Amos Tuck School of Business - Dartmouth College, 1998 to 2002.
47
Director, American Family Insurance (a mutual company, not publicly traded), since March 2009; formerly, Trustee, Northwestern Mutual Series Fund, Inc., 2007 to 2010; formerly, Director, Wausau Paper,  2005 to 2011; formerly, Director, Great Wolf Resorts, 2004 to 2009.
 
 
 
 
53

 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Howard A. Mileaf (1937)
Trustee since inception
Retired; formerly, Vice President and General Counsel, WHX Corporation (holding company), 1993 to 2001.
47
Formerly, Director, Webfinancial Corporation (holding company), 2002 to 2008; formerly, Director, WHX Corporation (holding company), 2002 to 2005; formerly, Director, State Theatre of New Jersey (not-for-profit theatre), 2000 to 2005.
George W. Morriss (1947)
Trustee since 2007
Retired; formerly, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, People’s Bank, Connecticut (a financial services company), 1991 to 2001.
47
Manager, Larch Lane Multi-Strategy Fund complex (which currently consists of three funds), since 2006; formerly, Member, NASDAQ Issuers’ Affairs Committee, 1995 to 2003.
Edward I. O’Brien (1928)
Trustee since inception
Private Investor; formerly, Member, Investment Policy Committee, Edward Jones, 1993 to 2001; President, Securities Industry Association (“SIA”) (securities industry’s representative in government relations and regulatory matters at the federal and state levels), 1974 to 1992; Adviser to SIA, November 1992 to November 1993.
47
Formerly, Director, Legg Mason, Inc. (financial services holding company), 1993 to July 2008; formerly, Director, Boston Financial Group (real estate and tax shelters), 1993 to 1999.
 
 
 
54

 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Jack L. Rivkin (1940)
Trustee since inception; President from inception to 2008
Formerly, Executive Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, Neuberger Berman Holdings LLC (holding company), 2002 to August 2008 and 2003 to August 2008, respectively; formerly, Managing Director and Chief Investment Officer, Neuberger Berman, December 2005 to August 2008 and 2003 to August 2008, respectively; formerly, Executive Vice President, Neuberger Berman, December 2002 to 2005; formerly, Director and Chairman, NB Management, December 2002 to August 2008; formerly, Executive Vice President, Citigroup Investments, Inc., September 1995 to February 2002; formerly, Executive Vice President, Citigroup Inc., September 1995 to February 2002.
47
Director, Idealab (private company), since 2009; Director, Distributed World Power (private company), since 2009; Director, Dale Carnegie and Associates, Inc. (private company), since 1999; Director, Solbright, Inc. (private company), since 1998; Director, SA Agricultural Fund, since 2009; Chairman and Director, Essential Brands (consumer products) since 2008; formerly, Director, New York Society of Security Analysts, 2006 to 2008.
Cornelius T. Ryan (1931)
Trustee since inception
General Partner and Adviser, TD2, TD3, and TOF1 Healthcare Venture Capital Partnerships;   formerly,   Founding General Partner, Oxford Partners and Oxford Bioscience Partners (venture capital investing) and President, Oxford Venture Corporation, 1981 to 2010.
47
Trustee, Norwalk Hospital Foundation, since 2000; Director, Supply Pro (privately held company), since 2008; formerly, Trustee, Norwalk Hospital, 1995 to 2004; formerly, President and Director, Randolph Computer Corp., 1966 to 1984; formerly, Director of numerous privately held portfolio companies of Oxford Partners and Oxford Bioscience Partners, 1981 to 2005.
 
 
 
 
55

 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Tom D. Seip (1950)
Trustee since inception; Chairman of the Board since 2008; Lead Independent Trustee from 2006 to 2008
General Partner, Ridgefield Farm LLC (a private investment vehicle); formerly, President and CEO, Westaff, Inc. (temporary staffing), May 2001 to January 2002; formerly, Senior Executive, The Charles Schwab Corporation, 1983 to 1998, including Chief Executive Officer, Charles Schwab Investment Management, Inc.; Trustee, Schwab Family of Funds and Schwab Investments, 1997 to 1998; and Executive Vice President-Retail Brokerage, Charles Schwab & Co., Inc., 1994 to 1997.
47
Director, H&R Block, Inc. (financial services company), since May 2001; formerly, Chairman, Compensation Committee, H&R Block, Inc., 2006 to 2010; formerly, Director, Forward Management, Inc. (asset management company), 1999 to 2006.
 
 
 
56

 
 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Candace L. Straight (1947)
Trustee since inception
Private investor and consultant specializing in the insurance industry; formerly, Advisory Director, Securitas Capital LLC (a global private equity investment firm dedicated to making investments in the insurance sector), 1998 to December 2003.
47
Public Member, Board of Governors and Board of Trustees, Rutgers University, since 2011; Director, Montpelier Re Holdings Ltd. (reinsurance company), since 2006; formerly, Director, National Atlantic Holdings Corporation (property and casualty insurance company), 2004 to 2008; formerly, Director, The Proformance Insurance Company (property and casualty insurance company), 2004 to 2008; formerly, Director, Providence Washington Insurance Company (property and casualty insurance company), 1998 to 2006; formerly, Director, Summit Global Partners (insurance brokerage firm), 2000 to 2005.
Peter P. Trapp (1944)
Trustee since inception
Retired; formerly, Regional Manager for Mid-Southern Region, Ford Motor Credit Company, September 1997 to 2007; formerly, President, Ford Life Insurance Company, April 1995 to August 1997.
47
None.
 
 
 
57

 
 
 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
Fund Trustees who are “Interested Persons”
Joseph V. Amato*
(1962)
Trustee since 2009
President and Director, Neuberger Berman Group LLC, since 2009; President and Chief Executive Officer, Neuberger Berman and Neuberger Berman Holdings LLC (including its predecessor, Neuberger Berman Inc.), since 2007; Chief Investment Officer, Neuberger Berman, since 2009; Chief Investment Officer (Equities) and Managing Director, NB Management, since 2009; Managing Director, Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC (“NBFI”) since 2007; Board member of NBFI since 2006; formerly, Global Head of Asset Management of Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc.’s (“LBHI”) Investment Management Division, 2006 to 2009; formerly, member of LBHI’s Investment Management Division's Executive Management Committee, 2006 to 2009; formerly, Managing Director, Lehman Brothers Inc. (“LBI”), 2006 to 2008; formerly, Chief Recruiting and Development Officer, LBI, 2005 to 2006; formerly, Global Head of LBI's Equity Sales and a Member of its Equities Division Executive Committee, 2003 to 2005.
47
Member of Board of Advisors, McDonough School of Business, Georgetown University, since 2001; Member of New York City Board of Advisors, Teach for America, since 2005; Trustee, Montclair Kimberley Academy (private school), since 2007.
 
 
 
58

 
 
 
Name, (Year of
Birth), and Address
(1)
Position and
Length of
Time Served
(2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Number of
Funds in Fund
Complex
Overseen by
Fund Trustee
Other Directorships
Held Outside Fund
Complex by Fund
Trustee
(3)
 
Robert Conti* (1956)
Chief Executive Officer, President and Trustee since 2008; prior thereto, Executive Vice President in 2008 and Vice President from inception to 2008
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman, since 2007; formerly, Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2003 to 2006; formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 1999 to 2003; President and Chief Executive Officer, NB Management, since 2008; formerly, Senior Vice President, NB Management, 2000 to 2008.
47
Director since 1994 and formerly, Chairman of the Board, 2008 to 2010, Staten Island Mental Health Society, Inc.
 
(1)
The business address of each listed person is 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158.
 
 
(2)
Pursuant to the Trust’s Trust Instrument, each of these Fund Trustees shall hold office for life or until his or her successor is elected or the Trust terminates; except that (a) any Fund Trustee may resign by delivering a written resignation; (b) any Fund Trustee may be removed with or without cause at any time by a written instrument signed by at least two-thirds of the other Fund Trustees; (c) any Fund Trustee who requests to be retired, or who has become unable to serve, may be retired by a written instrument signed by a majority of the other Fund Trustees; and (d) any Fund Trustee may be removed at any shareholder meeting by a vote of at least two-thirds of the outstanding shares.
 
 
(3)
Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the positions shown for at least the last five years.
 
 
*
Indicates a Fund Trustee who is an “interested person” within the meaning of the 1940 Act. Mr. Amato and Mr. Conti are interested persons of the Trust by virtue of the fact that each is an officer of NB Management and/or their affiliates.
 
Information about the Officers of the Trust
 
Name, (Year of Birth), and Address (1)
Position and Length of
Time Served (2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
Andrew B. Allard (1961)
Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer since inception
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2006 and Employee since 1999; Deputy General Counsel, Neuberger Berman, since 2004; formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2000 to 2005; formerly, Employee, NB Management, 1994 to 1999; Anti-Money Laundering Compliance Officer, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (six since 2002, one since 2003, one since 2005 and one since 2006).
 
 
 
59

 
 
 
Name, (Year of Birth), and Address (1)
Position and Length of
Time Served (2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
 
Claudia A. Brandon (1956)
Executive Vice President since 2008 and Secretary since inception
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2007 and Employee since 1999; Senior Vice President, NB Management, since 2008 and Assistant Secretary since 2004; formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2002 to 2006; formerly, Vice President-Mutual Fund Board Relations, NB Management, 2000 to 2008; ; formerly, Vice President, NB Management, 1986 to 1999 and Employee 1984 to 1999; Executive Vice President, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2008); Secretary, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (three since 1985, three since 2002, one since 2003, one since 2005 and one since 2006).
Anthony DiBernardo (1979)
Assistant Treasurer since 2011
Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2009; Employee, NB Management, since 2003; Assistant Treasurer, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2011).
Maxine L. Gerson (1950)
Executive Vice President since 2008 and Chief Legal Officer since inception (only for purposes of sections 307 and 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002)
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman, since 2009, and Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Neuberger Berman, since 2001; Managing Director, NB Management, since 2009, and Secretary and General Counsel, NB Management, since 2004; formerly, Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2002 to 2009; formerly, Senior Vice President, NB Management, 2006 to 2009; Executive Vice President, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2008); Chief Legal Officer (only for purposes of sections 307 and 406 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002), nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (eight since 2005 and one since 2006).
 
 
 
 
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Name, (Year of Birth), and Address (1)
Position and Length of
Time Served (2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
 
Sheila R. James (1965)
Assistant Secretary since inception
Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2008 and Employee since 1999; formerly, Assistant Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2007; formerly, Employee, NB Management, 1991 to 1999; Assistant Secretary, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (six since 2002, one since 2003, one since 2005 and one since 2006).
Brian Kerrane (1969)
Vice President since 2008
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2006; formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2002 to 2006; Vice President, NB Management, since 2008 and Employee since 1991; Vice President, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2008).
Kevin Lyons (1955)
Assistant Secretary since inception
Assistant Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2008 and Employee since 1999;  formerly, Employee, NB Management, 1993 to 1999; Assistant Secretary, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (seven since 2003, one since 2005 and one since 2006).
Owen F. McEntee, Jr. (1961)
Vice President since 2008
Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2006; Employee, NB Management, since 1992; Vice President, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2008).
John M. McGovern (1970)
Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer since inception
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2007; formerly, Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2004 to 2006; Employee, NB Management, since 1993; Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (eight since 2005 and one since 2006); formerly, Assistant Treasurer, eight registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator, 2002 to 2005.
 
 
 
61

 
 
Name, (Year of Birth), and Address (1)
Position and Length of
Time Served (2)
Principal Occupation(s) (3)
 
Frank Rosato (1971)
Assistant Treasurer since inception
Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2006; Employee, NB Management, since 1995; Assistant Treasurer, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (eight since 2005 and one since 2006).
Neil S. Siegel (1967)
Vice President since 2008
Managing Director, NB Management, since 2008; Managing Director, Neuberger Berman, since 2006; formerly, Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, 2004 to 2006; Vice President, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (nine since 2008).
Chamaine Williams (1971)
Chief Compliance Officer since inception
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman, since 2007; Chief Compliance Officer, NB Management, since 2006; Chief Compliance Officer, nine registered investment companies for which NB Management acts as investment manager and administrator (eight since 2005 and one since 2006); formerly, Senior Vice President, LBI, 2007 to 2008; formerly, Vice President, LBI, 2003 to 2006; formerly, Chief Compliance Officer, Lehman Brothers Asset Management Inc., 2003 to 2007; formerly, Chief Compliance Officer, Lehman Brothers Alternative Investment Management LLC, 2003 to 2007.
____________________
 
 
(1)
The business address of each listed person is 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158.
 
 
(2)
Pursuant to the By-Laws of the Trust, each officer elected by the Fund Trustees shall hold office until his or her successor shall have been elected and qualified or until his or her earlier death, inability to serve, or resignation. Officers serve at the pleasure of the Fund Trustees and may be removed at any time with or without cause.
 
 
(3)
Except as otherwise indicated, each individual has held the positions shown for at least the last five years.
 
The Board of Trustees
 
The Board of Trustees (“Board”) is responsible for managing the business and affairs of the Trust. Among other things, the Board generally oversees the portfolio management of the Fund and reviews and approves the Fund’s investment advisory and subadvisory contracts and other principal contracts. It is the Trust’s policy that at least three quarters of the Board shall be comprised of Fund Trustees who are not “interested persons” of NB Management (including its affiliates) or the Trust (“Independent Fund Trustees”).
 

 
62

 

The Board has appointed an Independent Fund Trustee to serve in the role of Chairman of the Board.  The Chair’s primary responsibilities are (i) to participate in the preparation of the agenda for meetings of the Board and in the identification of information to be presented to the Board; (ii) to preside at all meetings of the Board; (iii) to act as the Board’s liaison with management between meetings of the Board; and (iv) to act as the primary contact for board communications.  The Chair may perform such other functions as may be requested by the Board from time to time.  Except for any duties specified herein or pursuant to the Trust’s Declaration of Trust or By-laws, the designation as Chair does not impose on such Independent Fund Trustee any duties, obligations or liability that is greater than the duties, obligations or liability imposed on such person as a member of the Board, generally.
 
As described below, the Board has an established committee structure through which the Board considers and addresses important matters involving the Fund, including those identified as presenting conflicts or potential conflicts of interest for management.  The Independent Fund Trustees also regularly meet outside the presence of management and are advised by experienced independent legal counsel knowledgeable in matters of investment company regulation.  The Board periodically evaluates its structure and composition as well as various aspects of its operations.  The Board believes that its leadership structure, including its Independent Chair and its committee structure, is appropriate in light of, among other factors, the asset size of the fund complex overseen by the Board, the nature and number of funds overseen by the Board, the number of Fund Trustees, the range of experience represented on the Board, and the Board’s responsibilities.
 
Additional Information About Trustees
 
In choosing each Trustee to serve, the Board was generally aware of each Fund Trustee’s skills, experience, judgment, analytical ability, intelligence, common sense, previous profit and not-for-profit board membership and, for each Independent Fund Trustee, their demonstrated willingness to take an independent and questioning stance toward management.  Each Fund Trustee also now has considerable familiarity with the Trust and each fund of the Trust, their investment manager, subadvisers, administrator and distributor, and their operations, as well as the special regulatory requirements governing regulated investment companies and the special responsibilities of investment company directors as a result of his or her substantial prior service as a trustee of the Trust.  No particular qualification, experience or background establishes the basis for any Fund Trustee’s position on the Board and the Governance and Nominating Committee and individual Board members may have attributed different weights to the various factors.
 
In addition to the information set forth in the table above and other relevant qualifications, experience, attributes or skills applicable to a particular Fund Trustee, the following provides further information about the qualifications and experience of each Fund Trustee.
 
Independent Fund Trustees
 
John Cannon :  Mr. Cannon has experience in senior management of registered investment advisers and a mutual fund group.  He has served as a member of the boards of other mutual funds.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
63

 

Faith Colish :   Ms. Colish has experience as an attorney practicing securities law with the SEC and in private practice, with a focus on broker-dealer and investment management matters and matters of regulatory compliance under the securities laws.  She has also served as in-house counsel to an investment advisory firm that managed mutual funds and a fund industry trade organization.  She has served as a member of the board of a not-for-profit membership corporation involving oversight of a substantial investment program.  She has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Martha C. Goss :   Ms. Goss has experience as chief operating and financial officer of an insurance holding company.  She has experience as an investment professional and head of an investment unit for a major insurance company and experience as the Chief Financial Officer of two consulting firms.  She has experience managing a personal investment vehicle.  She has served as a member of the boards of various profit and not-for-profit organizations and a university.  She has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
C. Anne Harvey :  Ms. Harvey has experience in senior management of a major not-for-profit membership organization.  She has served as a member of the advisory board of a not-for-profit organization. She has served as a member of an advisory committee to the board of the NYSE.  She has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Robert A. Kavesh :  Dr. Kavesh has academic experience as a professor of finance and economics.  He has experience in senior management of an academic association focused on financial economics.  He has served as a member of the boards of various profit and not-for-profit organizations including a bank and a public company.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Michael M. Knetter :  Dr. Knetter has organizational management experience as a dean of a major university business school and as President and CEO of a not-for-profit university foundation.  He has academic experience as a professor of international economics.  He has served as a member of the boards of various profit organizations and another mutual fund.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.

Howard A. Mileaf :  Mr. Mileaf is a CPA and an attorney with experience in senior management and as general counsel of an industrial corporation and an industrial holding company.  He has accounting and management experience at a major accounting firm.  He has served as a member of the boards of various profit and not-for-profit organizations.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
George W. Morriss :  Mr. Morriss has experience in senior management and as chief financial officer of a financial services company.  He has investment management experience as a portfolio manager managing personal and institutional funds.  He has served as a member of a committee of representatives from companies listed on NASDAQ.  He has served as a member of the board of funds of hedge funds.  He has an advanced degree in finance.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Edward I. O’Brien :  Mr. O’Brien has experience in senior management of an investment adviser. He has experience as a securities industry’s representative in government relations and
 

 
64

 

regulatory matters at the federal and state levels.  He has served as a member of the boards of financial services companies.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Jack L. Rivkin :  Mr. Rivkin has extensive investment research and investment management experience as a former chief investment officer and executive with Neuberger Berman and other financial service companies.  He has experience in leadership roles within Neuberger Berman and its affiliated entities.  He has served on the board of various private companies.  He serves on the board of a not-for-profit educational forum for the investment community.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.  He previously served as Chief Investment Officer of Neuberger Berman.
 
Cornelius T. Ryan :  Mr. Ryan has experience as a general partner and adviser of various healthcare venture capital partnerships.  He has experience as a founder and president of a substantial venture capital investing firm.  He has served as a member of the boards of a foundation, hospital and various privately and publicly held companies.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Tom D. Seip :  Mr. Seip has experience in senior management and as chief executive officer and director of a financial services company overseeing other mutual funds and brokerage.  He has experience as director of an asset management company.  He has experience in management of a private investment partnership.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years and as Independent Chair and/or Lead Independent Trustee of the Board.
 
Candace L. Straight :  Ms. Straight has experience as a private investor and consultant in the insurance industry.  She has experience in senior management of a global private equity investment firm.  She has served as a member of the boards of various profit companies.  She has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Peter P. Trapp :  Mr. Trapp has experience in senior management of a credit company and several insurance companies.  He has served as a member of the board of other mutual funds.  He has served as a Fund Trustee for multiple years.
 
Fund Trustee who is an “Interested Person”
 
Joseph V. Amato :  Mr. Amato has investment management experience as an executive with Neuberger Berman and another financial services firm.  He serves as Neuberger Berman’s Chief Investment Officer for equity investments.  He has experience in leadership roles within Neuberger Berman and its affiliated entities.  He has served as a member of the board of a major university business school.  He has served as a Fund Trustee since 2009.
 
Robert Conti :  Mr. Conti has investment management experience as an executive with Neuberger Berman.  He has experience in leadership roles within Neuberger Berman and its affiliated entities. He has served as a member of the board of a not-for-profit organization.  He has served as a Fund Trustee since 2008.
 
Information About Committees

The Board has established several standing committees to oversee particular aspects of the Fund’s management. The standing committees of the Board are described below.
 

 
65

 

Audit Committee. The Audit Committee’s purposes are (a) in accordance with exchange requirements and Rule 32a-4 under the 1940 Act, to oversee the accounting and financial reporting processes of the Fund and, as the Committee deems appropriate, to inquire into the internal control over financial reporting of service providers; (b) in accordance with exchange requirements and Rule 32a-4 under the 1940 Act, to oversee the quality and integrity of the Fund’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (c) in accordance with exchange requirements and Rule 32a-4 under the 1940 Act, to oversee, or, as appropriate, assist Board oversight of, the Fund’s compliance with legal and regulatory requirements that relate to the Fund’s accounting and financial reporting, internal control over financial reporting and independent audits; (d) to approve prior to appointment the engagement of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and, in connection therewith, to review and evaluate the qualifications, independence and performance of the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm; and (e) to act as a liaison between the Fund’s independent registered public accounting firm and the full Board. Its members are Martha C. Goss (Vice Chair), George W. Morriss (Chair), Edward I. O’Brien, Cornelius T. Ryan, Tom D. Seip, and Candace L. Straight. All members are Independent Fund Trustees. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met five times.
 
Contract Review Committee. The Contract Review Committee is responsible for overseeing and guiding the process by which the Independent Fund Trustees annually consider whether to renew the Trust’s principal contractual arrangements and Rule 12b-1 plans. Its members are Faith Colish, Martha C. Goss, Howard A. Mileaf (Vice Chair), Candace L. Straight (Chair) and Peter P. Trapp. All members are Independent Fund Trustees. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met four times.
 
Ethics and Compliance Committee. The Ethics and Compliance Committee generally oversees: (a) the Trust’s program for compliance with Rule 38a-1 and the Trust’s implementation and enforcement of its compliance policies and procedures; (b) the compliance with the Trust’s Code of Ethics, which restricts the personal securities transactions, including transactions in Fund shares, of employees, officers, and trustees; and (c) the activities of the Trust’s Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”). The Committee shall not assume oversight duties to the extent that such duties have been assigned by the Board expressly to another Committee of the Board (such as oversight of internal controls over financial reporting, which has been assigned to the Audit Committee.)  The Committee’s primary function is oversight.  Each investment adviser, subadviser, principal underwriter, administrator and transfer agent (collectively, “Service Providers”) is responsible for its own compliance with the federal securities laws and for devising, implementing, maintaining and updating appropriate policies, procedures and codes of ethics to ensure compliance with applicable laws and regulations.  The CCO is responsible for administering the Fund’s Compliance Program, including devising and implementing appropriate methods of testing compliance by the Fund and its Service Providers.  Its members are John Cannon, Faith Colish, C. Anne Harvey (Vice Chair), Howard A. Mileaf (Chair) and Cornelius T. Ryan. All members are Independent Fund Trustees. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met five times. The entire Board will receive at least annually a report on the compliance programs of the Trust and service providers and the required annual reports on the administration of the Code of Ethics and the required annual certifications from the Trust, NB Management, NBAIM and each Subadviser.
 

 
66

 

Executive Committee. The Executive Committee is responsible for acting in an emergency when a quorum of the Board of Trustees is not available; the Committee has all the powers of the Board of Trustees when the Board is not in session to the extent permitted by Delaware law. Its members are Faith Colish, Robert Conti (Vice Chair), George W. Morriss, Tom D. Seip (Chair) and Candace L. Straight. All members except for Mr. Conti are Independent Fund Trustees. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee did not meet.
 
Governance and Nominating Committee. The Governance and Nominating Committee is responsible for: (a) considering and evaluating the structure, composition and operation of the Board of Trustees and each committee thereof, including the operation of the annual self-evaluation by the Board; (b) evaluating and nominating individuals to serve as Fund Trustees including as Independent Fund Trustees, as members of committees, as Chair of the Board and as officers of the Trust; and (c) considering and making recommendations relating to the compensation of Independent Fund Trustees and of those officers (except the CCO) as to whom the Board is charged with approving compensation. Its members are Martha C. Goss (Vice Chair), C. Anne Harvey, Robert A. Kavesh, Michael M. Knetter (Chair) and Tom D. Seip. All members are Independent Fund Trustees. The selection and nomination of candidates to serve as independent trustees is committed to the discretion of the current Independent Fund Trustees. The Committee will consider nominees recommended by shareholders; shareholders may send resumes of recommended persons to the attention of Claudia A. Brandon, Secretary, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds, 605 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor, New York, NY, 10158-0180. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met once.
 
Investment Performance Committee. The Investment Performance Committee is responsible for overseeing and guiding the process by which the Board reviews Fund performance and interfacing with management personnel responsible for investment risk management.  Its members are Joseph V. Amato, Martha C. Goss, Robert A. Kavesh, George W. Morriss, Edward I. O’Brien, Jack L. Rivkin (Chair), Cornelius T. Ryan (Vice Chair) and Peter P. Trapp. All members except for Mr. Amato and Mr. Rivkin are Independent Fund Trustees.  During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met four times.
 
Portfolio Transactions and Pricing Committee. The Portfolio Transactions and Pricing Committee: (a) generally monitors the operation of policies and procedures reasonably designed to ensure that each portfolio holding is valued in an appropriate and timely manner, reflecting information known to the manager about current market conditions (“Pricing Procedures”); (b) considers and evaluates, and recommends to the Board when the Committee deems it appropriate, amendments to the Pricing Procedures proposed by management, counsel, the auditors and others; (c) from time to time, as required or permitted by the Pricing Procedures, establishes or ratifies a method of determining the fair value of portfolio securities for which market pricing is not readily available; (d) generally oversees the activities of management personnel responsible for operational risk management; (e) generally oversees the program by which the manager seeks to monitor and improve the quality of execution for portfolio transactions; and (f) generally oversees the adequacy and fairness of the arrangements for securities lending; in each case with special emphasis on any situations in which the Fund deals with the manager or any affiliate of the manager as principal or agent.  Its members are Faith Colish (Chair), C. Anne Harvey, Robert A. Kavesh, Michael M. Knetter (Vice Chair), Jack L.
 

 
67

 

Rivkin and Candace L. Straight. All members except for Mr. Rivkin are Independent Fund Trustees. During the fiscal year ended October 31, 2011, the Committee met three times.
 
Risk Management Oversight
 
As an integral part of its responsibility for oversight of the Fund in the interests of shareholders, the Board oversees risk management of the Fund’s administration and operations.  The Board views risk management as an important responsibility of management.
 
The Fund faces a number of risks, such as investment risk, counterparty risk, valuation risk, reputational risk, risk of operational failure or lack of business continuity, and legal, compliance and regulatory risk.  Risk management seeks to identify and address risks, i.e., events or circumstances that could have material adverse effects on the business, operations, shareholder services, investment performance or reputation of the Fund.  Under the overall supervision of the Board, the Fund, the Fund’s investment manager, the Fund’s affiliated subadviser and the affiliates of the investment manager or other service providers to the Fund, employ a variety of processes, procedures and controls to identify various of those possible events or circumstances, to lessen the probability of their occurrence and/or to mitigate the effects of such events or circumstances if they do occur.  Different processes, procedures and controls are employed with respect to different types of risks.  In addition, under the overall supervision of the Board, the Fund’s investment manager is responsible for oversight of unaffiliated subadvisers, including risk management oversight.
 
The Board exercises oversight of the investment manager’s risk management processes primarily through the Board’s committee structure.  The various committees, as appropriate, and, at times, the Board, meet periodically with the investment manager’s head of investment risk, head of operational risk, the Chief Compliance Officer, the Treasurer, the Chief Investment Officers for equity and for fixed income, the heads of Internal Audit, and the Fund’s independent auditor.  The committees review with these individuals, among other things, the design and implementation of risk management strategies in their respective areas, and events and circumstances that have arisen and responses thereto.
 
The Board recognizes that not all risks that may affect the Fund can be identified, that it may not be practical or cost-effective to eliminate or mitigate certain risks, that it may be necessary to bear certain risks (such as investment-related risks) to achieve the Fund’s goals, and that the processes, procedures and controls employed to address certain risks may be limited in their effectiveness.  Moreover, reports received by the Fund Trustees as to risk management matters are typically summaries of the relevant information.  Furthermore, it is in the very nature of certain risks that they can be evaluated only as probabilities, and not as certainties.  As a result of the foregoing and other factors, the Board’s risk management oversight is subject to substantial limitations, and no risk management program can predict the likelihood or seriousness of, or mitigate the effects of, all potential risks.
 
Compensation and Indemnification
 
The Trust’s Trust Instrument provides that the Trust will indemnify its Fund Trustees and officers against liabilities and expenses reasonably incurred in connection with litigation in
 

 
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which they may be involved because of their offices with the Trust, unless it is adjudicated that they (a) engaged in bad faith, willful misfeasance, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of their offices, or (b) did not act in good faith in the reasonable belief that their action was in the best interest of the Trust. In the case of settlement, such indemnification will not be provided unless it has been determined (by a court or other body approving the settlement or other disposition, by a majority of disinterested trustees based upon a review of readily available facts, or in a written opinion of independent counsel) that such officers or Fund Trustees have not engaged in willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of their duties.
 
Officers and Fund Trustees who are “interest persons” who are employees of NB Management receive no salary or fees from the Trust.
 
For serving as a trustee of the   Neuberger Berman Funds, each Independent Fund Trustee and each interested trustee who is not an employee of NB Management receives an annual retainer of $90,000, paid quarterly, and a fee of $10,000 for each of the six regularly scheduled meetings he or she attends in-person or by telephone.  For any additional special in-person or telephonic meeting of the Board, the Governance and Nominating Committee will determine whether a fee is warranted.  To compensate for the additional time commitment, the Chair of each Committee receives $10,000 per year.  No additional compensation is provided for service on a Board committee.  The Chair who is also an Independent Fund Trustee receives an additional $35,000 per year.
 
The Neuberger Berman Funds reimburse Independent Fund Trustees for their travel and other out-of-pocket expenses related to attendance at Board meetings.  The Independent Fund Trustee compensation is allocated to each fund in the fund family based on a method the Board of Trustees finds reasonable.
 
The following table sets forth information concerning the compensation of the Fund Trustees. The Trust does not have any retirement plan for the Fund Trustees.
 

 
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TABLE OF COMPENSATION
FOR FISCAL YEAR ENDED 10/31/2011
 
Name and Position with the Trust
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Total Compensation from
Investment Companies in the
Neuberger Berman
Fund Complex Paid to Fund
Trustees
     
Independent Fund Trustees
   
John Cannon
Trustee
$2,998
$160,000
Faith Colish
Trustee
$2,998
$160,000
Martha C. Goss
Trustee
$2,818
$150,000
C. Anne Harvey
Trustee
$2,818
$152,500
Robert A. Kavesh
Trustee
$2,818
$150,000
Michael M. Knetter
Trustee
$2,998
$157,500
Howard A. Mileaf
Trustee
$2,818
$150,000
George W. Morriss
Trustee
$2,998
$160,000
Edward I. O’Brien
Trustee
$2,818
$150,000
Jack L. Rivkin
Trustee
$2,998
$160,000
Cornelius T. Ryan
Trustee
$2,818
$150,000
Tom D. Seip
Chairman of the Board and Trustee
$3,448
$185,000
Candace L. Straight
Trustee
$2,998
$160,000
Peter P. Trapp
Trustee
$3,178
$170,000
Fund Trustees who are “Interested Persons”
Joseph V. Amato
Trustee
$0
$0
 
 
 
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Name and Position with the Trust
Aggregate
Compensation
from the Trust
Total Compensation from
Investment Companies in the
Neuberger Berman
Fund Complex Paid to Fund
Trustees
     
Robert Conti
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
$0
$0

As the Fund was not operational prior to the date of this SAI, the Fund Trustees and officers of the Trust, as a group, owned beneficially or of record less than 1% of the outstanding shares of each Class of the Fund.
 
Ownership of Securities
 
The following table shows the aggregate dollar range that each Fund Trustee held in all the funds in the fund family as of [December 31, 2011].
 
Name of Fund Trustee
 
Aggregate Dollar Range of Equity Securities Held in all
Registered Investment Companies Overseen by Fund
Trustee in Family of Investment Companies*
Independent Fund Trustees
John Cannon
[   ]
Faith Colish
[   ]
Martha C. Goss
[   ]
C. Anne Harvey
[   ]
Robert A. Kavesh
[   ]
Michael M. Knetter
[   ]
Howard A. Mileaf
[   ]
George W. Morriss
[   ]
Edward I. O’Brien
[   ]
Cornelius T. Ryan
[   ]
Tom D. Seip
[   ]
Candace L. Straight
[   ]
Peter P. Trapp
[   ]
Fund Trustees who are “Interested Persons”
Joseph V. Amato
[   ]
Robert Conti
[   ]
Jack L. Rivkin
[   ]
* Valuation as of [December 31, 2011.]
A = None  B = $1-$10,000  C = $10,001 - $50,000  D = $50,001-$100,000  E = over $100,000
 

 
71

 

Independent Fund Trustees Ownership of Securities
 
No Independent Fund Trustee (including his/her immediate family members) owns any securities (not including shares of registered investment companies) in any Neuberger Berman entity.
 

 
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INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT AND ADMINISTRATION SERVICES
 
Investment Manager and Administrator
 
NB Management serves as the investment manager to the Fund pursuant to a management agreement with the Trust, dated December 29, 2010 (“Management Agreement”).
 
The Management Agreement provides, in substance, that NB Management will make and implement investment decisions for the Fund in its discretion and will continuously develop an investment program for the Fund’s assets. The Management Agreement permits NB Management to effect securities transactions on behalf of the Fund through associated persons of NB Management. The Management Agreement also specifically permits NB Management to compensate, through higher commissions, brokers and dealers who provide investment research and analysis to the Fund.
 
NB Management provides to the Fund, without separate cost, office space, equipment, and facilities and the personnel necessary to perform executive, administrative, and clerical functions. NB Management pays all salaries, expenses, and fees of the officers, trustees, and employees of the Trust who are officers, directors, or employees of NB Management. Two directors of NB Management, who also serve as officers of NB Management, presently serve as Fund Trustees and/or officers of the Trust.  See “Trustees and Officers.”  The Fund pays NB Management a management fee based on the Fund’s average daily net assets, as described below.
 
NB Management provides facilities, services, and personnel as well as accounting, record keeping and other services to the Fund pursuant to three administration agreements with the Trust, one for Institutional Class dated December 29, 2010, one for Class A dated December 29, 2010 and one for Class C dated December 29, 2010 (each, an “Administration Agreement”). For such administrative services, each Class of the Fund pays NB Management a fee based on the Class’s average daily net assets, as described below.
 
Under each Administration Agreement, NB Management also provides to each Class and its shareholders certain shareholder, shareholder-related, and other services that are not furnished by the Fund’s shareholder servicing agent or third party investment providers. NB Management provides the direct shareholder services specified in the Administration Agreements and assists the shareholder servicing agent or third party investment providers in the development and implementation of specified programs and systems to enhance overall shareholder servicing capabilities. NB Management or the third party investment provider solicits and gathers shareholder proxies, performs services connected with the qualification of the Fund’s shares for sale in various states, and furnishes other services the parties agree from time to time should be provided under the Administration Agreements.
 
From time to time, NB Management or the Fund may enter into arrangements with registered broker-dealers or other third parties pursuant to which it pays the broker-dealer or third party a per account fee or a fee based on a percentage of the aggregate net asset value of
 
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Fund shares purchased by the broker-dealer or third party on behalf of its customers, in payment for administrative and other services rendered to such customers.
 
Third parties may be subject to federal or state laws that limit their ability to provide certain administrative or distribution related services. NB Management and the Fund intend to contract with third parties for only those services they may legally provide. If, due to a change in laws governing those third parties or in the interpretation of any such law, a third party is prohibited from performing some or all of the above-described services, NB Management or the Fund may be required to find alternative means of providing those services. Any such change is not expected to impact the Fund or its shareholders adversely.
 
The Management Agreement continues until [October 31, 2013]. The Management Agreement is renewable thereafter from year to year with respect to the Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Fund Trustees or by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding interests in the Fund. The Administration Agreement continues until [October 31, 2013]. The Administration Agreement is renewable from year to year with respect to the Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees, and (2) by the vote of a majority of the Fund Trustees or by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding shares in the Fund.
 
The Management Agreement is terminable, without penalty, with respect to the Fund on 60 days’ written notice either by the Trust or by NB Management. Each Administration Agreement is terminable, without penalty, with respect to the Fund on 60 days’ written notice either by NB Management or by the Trust. Each Agreement terminates automatically if it is assigned.
 
Management and Administration Fees
 
For investment management services, the Fund pays NB Management a fee at the annual rate of 2.000% of the first $250 million of the Fund’s average daily net assets, 1.975% of the next $250 million, 1.950% of the next $250 million, 1.925% of the next $250 million, 1.900% of the next $500 million, 1.875% of the next $2.5 billion, and 1.850% of average daily net assets in excess of $4 billion.
 
For administrative services, the Institutional Class of the Fund pays NB Management a fee at the annual rate of 0.15% of the Class’s average daily net assets, plus certain out-of-pocket expenses for technology used for shareholder servicing and shareholder communications, subject to the prior approval of an annual budget by the Fund Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees, and periodic reports to the Board of Trustees on actual expenses. With the Fund’s consent NB Management may subcontract to third parties, including investment providers, some of its responsibilities to the Fund under the Administration Agreement and may compensate each such third party that provides such services.  In addition, the Fund may compensate third parties, including investment providers, for recordkeeping, accounting or other services.
 
 
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For administrative services, Class A and Class C of the Fund each pay NB Management a fee at the annual rate of 0.26% of that Class’s average daily net assets, plus certain out-of-pocket expenses for technology used for shareholder servicing and shareholder communications, subject to the prior approval of an annual budget by the Fund Trustees, including a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees, and periodic reports to the Board of Trustees on actual expenses. With the Fund’s consent, NB Management may subcontract to third parties, including investment providers, some of its responsibilities to the Fund under the Administration Agreement, and may compensate each such third party that provides such services.  (A portion of this compensation may be derived from the Rule 12b-1 fee paid to NB Management by Class A and Class C of the Fund; see “Distribution Arrangements,” below.)
 
Contractual Expense Limitations
 
NB Management has contractually undertaken, during the respective period noted below, to forgo current payment of fees and/or reimburse annual operating expenses of each Class of the Fund listed below so that its total operating expenses (excluding interest, taxes, brokerage commissions, acquired fund fees and expenses, dividend expenses on short sales, and extraordinary expenses, if any) (“Operating Expenses”) do not exceed the rate per annum noted below (“Expense Limitation”).
 
The Fund has agreed to repay NB Management out of assets attributable to its respective Class noted below for any fees forgone by NB Management under the Expense Limitation or any Operating Expenses NB Management reimburses in excess of the Expense Limitation, provided the repayments do not cause that Class’ Operating Expenses to exceed the respective annual rate of average daily net assets as noted below and the repayments are made within three years after the year in which NB Management incurred the expense.
 
The appropriateness of these undertakings is determined on a Class-by-Class basis.
 
Fund
Class
Limitation Period
Expense Limitation
Absolute Return Multi-Manager
Institutional
[10/31/2015]
2.45%
 
A
[10/31/2015]
2.81%
 
C
[10/31/2015]
3.56%

Adviser and Subadviser s
 
NB Management retains NBAIM, 605 Third Avenue 22 nd Floor, New York, NY 10158, as investment adviser with respect to the Fund pursuant to an advisory agreement dated [_____], 2012 (“Advisory Agreement”).
 
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, NB Management has delegated responsibility for the Fund’s   day-to-day management to NBAIM. The Advisory Agreement provides in substance that NBAIM will make and implement investment decisions for the Fund in its discretion and will continuously develop an investment program for the Fund’s assets.  The Advisory Agreement permits NBAIM to effect securities transactions on behalf of the Fund through
 
75

 

associated persons of NBAIM.  The Advisory Agreement also specifically permits NBAIM to compensate, through higher commissions, brokers and dealers who provide investment research and analysis to the Fund, although NBAIM has no current plans to pay a material amount of such compensation.
 
The Advisory Agreement continues until [October 31, 2013]   and is renewable from year to year, subject to approval of its continuance in the same manner as the Management Agreement. The Advisory Agreement is subject to termination, without penalty, with respect to the Fund by the Fund Trustees or a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding interests in the Fund, by NB Management, or by NBAIM on not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice. The Advisory Agreement also terminates automatically with respect to the Fund if it is assigned or if the Management Agreement terminates with respect to the Fund.
 
NB Management and NBAIM retains the following Subadvisers with respect to the Fund pursuant to separate subadvisory agreements with each Subadviser (“Subadvisory Agreements”).  The fee paid to each Subadviser by NB Management is governed by its respective Subadvisory Agreement with the Adviser. Information relating to individual Subadvisers has been provided by that Subadviser.
 
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC (“The Boston Company”), located at One Boston Place, 14th floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02108, manages the assets allocated to the long/short small cap equity strategy.  The Boston Company is an independently operated subsidiary of The BNY Mellon Corporation.
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC (“Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn”) located at 520 Madison Avenue, 20 th Floor, New York, NY 10022, manages the assets allocated to the global long/short equity strategy.  Wilmington Trust Investments, Inc. has a controlling interest in Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn.
 
GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. (“Gabelli”) located at One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580, manages the assets allocated to the merger arbitrage strategy. Gabelli is a subsidiary of GAMCO Investors, Inc.
 
Levin Capital Strategies, LP (“Levin Capital Strategies”) located at 595 Madison Avenue, 17th Floor, New York, NY 10022, manages the assets allocated to the event driven strategy.  John A. Levin, through his General Partnership interest, controls Levin Capital Strategies, LP.
 
MacKay Shields LLC (“MacKay Shields”) located at 9 West 57 th Street, 33 rd Floor, New York, NY 10019, manages the assets allocated to the long/short high yield fixed income strategy.  MacKay Shields is 100% owned by New York Life Investment Management Holdings LLC, which is wholly owned by New York Life Insurance Company, our ultimate parent.

Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. (“Sound Point Capital”) located at 1185 Avenue of the Americas, 36 th Floor, New York, NY 10036   manages the assets allocated to the distressed and event driven credit strategy.  Sound Point Capital is wholly owned by Stephen Ketchum and Ellipse Holdings LLC.

 
76

 

Turner Investments, L.P. (“Turner Investments”) located at 1205 Westlakes Drive, Suite 100, Berwyn, Pa 19312, manages the assets allocated to the long/short healthcare strategy.  Turner Investments is an independent, 100% employee-owned firm, with Robert E. Turner, chairman and chief investment officer, as its majority and controlling shareholder.

Visium Asset Management, LP (“Visium Asset Management”) located at 950 Third Avenue Floor 29, New York, NY 10222 manages the assets allocated to the event driven strategy.  Visium Asset Management is controlled by JG Asset, LLC.  Jacob Gottlieb owns 95% of the limited partnership interests in the Visium Asset Management. Jacob Gottlieb is the managing member of JG Asset, LLC; he owns 95% of the ownership interests of this entity.
 
Pursuant to the Subadvisory Agreements, the Subadvisers have been delegated responsibility for the Fund’s   day-to-day management to the Subadvisers. Each Subadvisory Agreement provides in substance that the Subadviser will make and implement investment decisions for the Fund in its discretion and will continuously develop an investment program for the Fund’s assets.  The Subadvisory Agreements permit each Subadviser to effect securities transactions on behalf of the Fund through associated persons of the Subadviser.  The Subadvisory Agreement also specifically permits the Subadviser to compensate, through higher commissions, brokers and dealers who provide investment research and analysis to the Fund, although the Subadvisers have no current plans to pay a material amount of such compensation.
 
The Subadvisory Agreements continue with respect to the Fund until [October 31, 2013], and are renewable from year to year thereafter, subject to approval of their continuance in the same manner as the Management Agreement.  The Subadvisory Agreements are subject to termination, without penalty, with respect to each Fund by the Trustees, or by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding shares of that Fund, by NB Management, by NBAIM or, by [each Subadviser] on not less than 30 nor more than 60 days’ prior written notice to the Fund.  The Subadvisory Agreements also terminate automatically with respect to the Fund if they are assigned or if the Management Agreement terminates with respect to the Fund.
 
Portfolio Manager Information
 
Accounts Managed
 
 
The table below describes the accounts for which the Portfolio Managers have day-to-day management responsibility as of [                            ].
 
Type of Account
Number of
Accounts
Managed
Total Assets
Managed
($ millions)
Number of Accounts
Managed for which
Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
Assets Managed for
which Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
($ millions)
David Kupperman
       
Registered Investment Companies*
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
 
 
 
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Type of Account
Number of
Accounts
Managed
Total Assets
Managed
($ millions)
Number of Accounts
Managed for which
Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
Assets Managed for
which Advisory Fee is
Performance-Based
($ millions)
Other Accounts**
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Jeff Majit
       
Registered Investment Companies*
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Accounts**
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Eric Weinstein
       
Registered Investment Companies*
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Accounts**
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Ian Hass
       
Registered Investment Companies*
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Accounts**
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Fred Ingham
       
Registered Investment Companies*
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Pooled Investment Vehicles
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
Other Accounts**
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
[     ]
*Registered Investment Companies include all mutual funds managed by the Portfolio Manager, including the Fund.
**Other Accounts include: Institutional Separate Accounts, Subadvised funds, and Managed Accounts (WRAP).

 
Conflicts of Interest

Actual or apparent conflicts of interest may arise when a Portfolio Manager has day-to-day management responsibilities with respect to more than one Fund or other account. The management of multiple funds and accounts (including proprietary accounts) may give rise to actual or potential conflicts of interest if the funds and accounts have different or similar objectives, benchmarks, time horizons, and fees, as the Portfolio Manager must allocate his time and investment ideas across multiple funds and accounts.  The Portfolio Manager may execute transactions for another fund or account that may adversely impact the value of securities held by the Fund, and which may include transactions that are directly contrary to the positions taken by the Fund.  For example, a Portfolio Manager may engage in short sales of securities for another

 
78

 

account that are the same type of securities in which the Fund it manages also invests.  In such a case, the Portfolio Manager could be seen as harming the performance of the Fund for the benefit of the account engaging in short sales if the short sales cause the market value of the securities to fall.  Additionally, if a Portfolio Manager identifies a limited investment opportunity that may be suitable for more than one fund or other account, the Fund may not be able to take full advantage of that opportunity.  If one account were to buy or sell portfolio securities shortly before another account bought or sold the same securities, it could affect the price paid or received by the second account.  Securities selected for funds or accounts other than the Fund may outperform the securities selected for the Fund.  Finally, a conflict of interest may arise if NB Management and a Portfolio Manager have a financial incentive to favor one account over another, such as a performance-based management fee that applies to one account but not the Funds or accounts for which the Portfolio Manager is responsible.

NB Management, NBAIM and the Fund have adopted certain compliance procedures which are designed to address these types of conflicts. However, there is no guarantee that such procedures will detect each and every situation in which a conflict arises.

Compensation of Portfolio Managers
 
Our compensation philosophy is one that focuses on rewarding performance and incentivizing our employees.  We are also focused on creating a compensation process that we believe is fair, transparent, and competitive with the market.

Compensation for Portfolio Managers consists of fixed and variable compensation but is more heavily weighted on the variable portion of total compensation and reflects individual performance, overall contribution to the team, collaboration with colleagues across Neuberger Berman and, most importantly, overall investment performance.  In particular, the bonus for a Portfolio Manager is determined by using a formula and may or may not contain a discretionary component.  If applicable, the discretionary component is determined on the basis of a variety of criteria, including investment performance (including the pre-tax   three-year track record in order to emphasize long-term performance), utilization of central resources (including research, sales and operations/support), business building to further the longer term sustainable success of the investment team, effective team/people management, and overall contribution to the success of Neuberger Berman.  In addition, compensation of portfolio managers at other comparable firms is considered, with an eye toward remaining competitive with the market.

The terms of our long-term retention incentives are as follows:

Employee-Owned Equity.   An integral part of the Acquisition (the management buyout of Neuberger Berman in 2009) was implementing an equity ownership structure which embodies the importance of incentivizing and retaining key investment professionals.

The senior Portfolio Managers on the mutual fund teams are key shareholders in the equity ownership structure.  On a yearly basis over the next five years, the equity ownership allocations will be re-evaluated and re-allocated based on performance and other key metrics. A set percentage of employee equity and preferred stock is subject to vesting.

 
79

 

Contingent Compensation Plan.   We have also established the Neuberger Berman Group Contingent Compensation Plan pursuant to which a certain percentage of a Portfolio Manager’s compensation is deemed contingent and vests over a three-year period.  Under the plan, participating Portfolio Managers and other participating employees who are members of mutual fund investment teams will receive a cash return on their contingent compensation with a portion of such return being determined based on the team’s investment performance, as well as the performance of a portfolio of other investment funds managed by Neuberger Berman Group investment professionals.

Restrictive Covenants.   Portfolio Managers who have received equity interests have agreed to certain restrictive covenants, which impose obligations and restrictions on the use of confidential information and the solicitation of Neuberger Berman employees and clients over a specified period of time if the Portfolio Manager leaves the firm.

Other Accounts. Certain Portfolio Managers may manage products other than mutual funds, such as high net worth separate accounts.  For the management of these accounts, a Portfolio Manager may generally receive a percentage of pre-tax revenue determined on a monthly basis less certain deductions (e.g., a “finder’s fee” or “referral fee” paid to a third party).  The percentage of revenue a Portfolio Manager receives will vary based on certain revenue thresholds.

Ownership of Securities
 
As of the date of this SAI, the Fund was new and had not yet issued any shares.
 
Other Investment Companies Managed
 
The investment decisions concerning the Fund and the other registered investment companies managed by NB Management and NBAIM (collectively, “Other NB Funds”) have been and will continue to be made independently of one another. In terms of their investment objectives, most of the Other NB Funds differ from the Fund. Even where the investment objectives are similar, however, the methods used by the Other NB Funds and the Fund to achieve their objectives may differ. The investment results achieved by all of the registered investment companies managed by NB Management and NBAIM have varied from one another in the past and are likely to vary in the future.
 
There may be occasions when the Fund and one or more of the Other NB Funds or other accounts managed by NB Management or NBAIM are contemporaneously engaged in purchasing or selling the same securities from or to third parties. When this occurs, the transactions may be aggregated to obtain favorable execution to the extent permitted by applicable law and regulations.  The transactions will be allocated according to one or more methods designed to ensure that the allocation is equitable to the Fund and accounts involved. Although in some cases this arrangement may have a detrimental effect on the price or volume of the securities as to the Fund, in other cases it is believed that the Fund’s ability to participate in volume transactions may produce better executions for it. In any case, it is the judgment of the Fund Trustees that the desirability of the Fund having its advisory arrangements with NB
 

 
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Management or NBAIM outweighs any disadvantages that may result from contemporaneous transactions.
 
The Funds are subject to certain limitations imposed on all advisory clients of NBAIM (including the Funds, the Other NB Funds, and other managed accounts) and personnel of NBAIM and their affiliates. These include, for example, limits that may be imposed in certain industries or by certain companies, and policies of NBAIM that limit the aggregate purchases, by all accounts under management, of the outstanding shares of public companies.
 
Codes of Ethics
 
The Fund, NB Management, NBAIM and each Subadviser have personal securities trading policies that restrict the personal securities transactions of employees, officers, and Fund Trustees. Their primary purpose is to ensure that personal trading by these individuals does not disadvantage any fund that they manage. The Fund’s Portfolio Managers and other investment personnel who comply with the policies’ preclearance and disclosure procedures may be permitted to purchase, sell or hold certain types of securities which also may be or are held in the funds they advise, but are restricted from trading in close conjunction with their funds or taking personal advantage of investment opportunities that may belong to the funds. Text-only versions of each Code of Ethics can be viewed online or downloaded from the EDGAR Database on the SEC’s internet web site at www.sec.gov. You may also review and copy those documents by visiting the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC. Information on the operation of the Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at 202-942-8090. In addition, copies of the Codes of Ethics may be obtained, after mailing the appropriate duplicating fee, by writing to the SEC’s Public Reference Section, 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, DC 20549-0102 or by e-mail request at publicinfo@sec.gov.
 
Management and Control of NB Management and NBAIM
 
NB Management and NBAIM are indirect subsidiaries of Neuberger Berman Group LLC (“NBG,” and together with its consolidated subsidiaries “NB Group”). The directors, officers and/or employees of NB Management who are deemed “control persons,” all of whom have offices at the same address as NB Management, are: Kevin Handwerker, Joseph Amato, and Robert Conti. Mr. Amato is a Trustee of the Trust and Mr. Conti is both a Trustee and an officer of the Trust.   The directors, officers and/or employees of NBAIM who are deemed “control persons,” all of whom have offices at the same address as NBAIM, are: Anthony Tutrone and Eric Weinstein.
 
The voting equity of NBG is owned by NBSH Acquisition, LLC (“NBSH”), which was formed to facilitate the May 4, 2009 management buyout of the businesses conducted by NB Group, and Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc. (“LBHI”). NBSH, which is owned by portfolio managers, members of the NB Group management team and certain of NB Group’s key employees and senior professionals, owns approximately 52% of the voting equity of NBG, and LBHI and certain of its subsidiaries own the remaining 48% of the voting equity of NBG.

LBHI filed a voluntary petition under Chapter 11 on September 15, 2008.  On December 22, 2008, the bankruptcy court having jurisdiction over the LBHI matter approved the sale of NB

 
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Management, Neuberger Berman and NBFI, as well as certain alternative asset management businesses of LBHI’s Investment Management Division to NBSH. LBHI’s bankruptcy proceedings had no material impact on the operations of the Neuberger Berman Funds.

On December 14, 2011, the United States Bankruptcy Court for the Southern District of New York approved a motion filed by LBHI and certain of its subsidiaries, as debtors and debtors in possession, (collectively, the “Lehman Brothers Estate”) that will provide NBG with the opportunity to purchase the Lehman Brothers Estate’s interest in preferred and common equity of NBG.  The proposed transactions, which are subject to the Lehman Brothers Estate and NBG signing definitive documentation, as well as to market conditions, would, if successfully implemented, enable NBG to have a lower cost capital structure and set it on a path to 100% employee ownership within the next five to six years.
 
DISTRIBUTION ARRANGEMENTS
 
The Fund offers three classes of shares, known as Institutional Class, Class A and Class C shares.
 
Distributor
 
NB Management serves as the distributor (“Distributor”) in connection with the offering of the Fund’s shares. Institutional Class shares are offered on a no-load basis.  Class A, Class C (with the exception of Grandfathered Investors as defined in the Class A and Class C shares Prospectus) are available only through investment providers (“Institutions”) that have made arrangements with NB Management for shareholder servicing and administration and/or entered into selling agreements with NB Management.
 
In connection with the sale of its shares, the Fund has authorized the Distributor to give only the information, and to make only the statements and representations, contained in the Prospectus and this SAI or that properly may be included in sales literature and advertisements in accordance with the 1933 Act, the 1940 Act, and applicable rules of self-regulatory organizations. Sales may be made only by the Prospectus, which may be delivered personally, through the mails, or by electronic means. The Distributor is the Fund’s “principal underwriter” within the meaning of the 1940 Act.  It acts as agent in arranging for the sale of the Fund’s Institutional Class shares without sales commission or other compensation and bears all advertising and promotion expenses incurred in the sale of those shares.  The Distributor also acts as agent in arranging for the sale of the Fund’s Class A and Class C shares to Institutions and bears all advertising and promotion expenses incurred in the sale of those shares.  However, for Class A shares, the Distributor receives commission revenue consisting of the portion of Class A sales charge remaining after the allowances by the Distributor to Institutions.  For Class C shares, the Distributor receives any contingent deferred sales charges that apply during the first year after purchase.  The Fund pays the Distributor for advancing the immediate service fees and commissions paid to qualified Institutions of Class C shares.
 
For each Class that is sold directly to investors (currently the Fund’s Class A shares for Grandfathered Investors, as defined in the Class A and Class C shares Prospectus), the Distributor or one of its affiliates may, from time to time, deem it desirable to offer to
 
 
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shareholders of the Fund, through use of their shareholder lists, the shares of other mutual funds for which the Distributor acts as distributor or other products or services. Any such use of the Funds’ shareholder lists, however, will be made subject to terms and conditions, if any, approved by a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees. These lists will not be used to offer the Fund’s shareholders any investment products or services other than those managed or distributed by NB Management or NBAIM.
 
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, and the Distributor are parties to a Distribution Agreement with respect to the Fund’s Institutional Class, and Distribution and Shareholder Services Agreements with respect to Class A and Class C of the Fund (“Distribution Agreements”). The Distribution Agreements continue until October 31, 2012. The Distribution Agreements may be renewed annually if specifically approved by (1) the vote of a majority of the Fund Trustees or a 1940 Act majority vote of the Fund’s outstanding shares and (2) the vote of a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Distribution Agreements may be terminated by either party and will terminate automatically on their assignment, in the same manner as the Management Agreements.
 
Revenue Sharing
 
NB Management and/or its affiliates may pay additional compensation and/or provide incentives (out of their own resources and not as an expense of the Fund) to certain brokers, dealers, or other financial intermediaries (“Financial Intermediaries”) in connection with the sale, distribution, retention and/or servicing of Fund shares (“revenue sharing payments”).
 
Such payments are intended to provide additional compensation to Financial Intermediaries for various services, including without limitation, participating in joint advertising with a Financial Intermediary, granting NB Management personnel reasonable access to a Financial Intermediary’s financial advisers and consultants, and allowing NB Management personnel to attend conferences.  NB Management and its affiliates may make other payments or allow other promotional incentives to Financial Intermediaries to the extent permitted by SEC and FINRA rules and by other applicable laws and regulations.
 
In addition, NB Management may pay for: placing the Fund on the Financial Intermediary’s sales system, preferred or recommended fund list, providing periodic and ongoing education and training of Financial Intermediary personnel regarding the Fund; disseminating to Financial Intermediary personnel information and product marketing materials regarding the Fund; explaining to clients the features and characteristics of the Fund; conducting due diligence regarding the Fund; providing reasonable access to sales meetings, sales representatives and management representatives of a Financial Intermediary; and furnishing marketing support and other services.  Additional compensation also may include non-cash compensation, financial assistance to Financial Intermediaries in connection with conferences, seminars for the public and advertising campaigns, technical and systems support and reimbursement of ticket charges (fees that a Financial Intermediary charges its representatives for effecting transactions in Fund shares) and other similar charges.
 
The level of revenue sharing payments made to Financial Intermediaries may be a fixed fee or based upon one or more of the following factors: reputation in the industry, ability to
 
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attract and retain assets, target markets, customer relationships, quality of service, gross sales, current assets and/or number of accounts of the Fund attributable to the Financial Intermediary, the particular Fund or fund type or other measures as agreed to by NB Management and/or their affiliates and the Financial Intermediaries or any combination thereof. The amount of these payments is determined at the discretion of NB Management and/or its affiliates from time to time, may be substantial, and may be different for different Financial Intermediaries based on, for example, the nature of the services provided by the Financial Intermediary.
 
Receipt of, or the prospect of receiving, this additional compensation, may influence a Financial Intermediary’s recommendation of the Fund or of any particular share class of the Fund.  These payment arrangements, however, will not change the price that an investor pays for Fund shares or the amount that the Fund receives to invest on behalf of an investor and will not increase Fund expenses. You should review your Financial Intermediary’s compensation disclosure and/or talk to your Financial Intermediary to obtain more information on how this compensation may have influenced your Financial Intermediary’s recommendation of the Fund.
 
In addition to the compensation described above, the Fund and/or NB Management may pay fees to Financial Intermediaries and their affiliated persons for maintaining Fund share balances and/or for subaccounting, administrative or transaction processing services related to the maintenance of accounts for retirement and benefit plans and other omnibus accounts (“subaccounting fees”).  Such subaccounting fees paid by the Fund may differ depending on the Fund and are designed to be equal to or less than the fees the Fund would pay to its transfer agent for similar services.  Because some subaccounting fees are directly related to the number of accounts and assets for which a Financial Intermediary provides services, these fees will increase with the success of the Financial Intermediary’s sales activities.
 
NB Management and its affiliates are motivated to make the payments described above since they promote the sale of Fund shares and the retention of those investments by clients of Financial Intermediaries.  To the extent Financial Intermediaries sell more shares of the Fund or retain shares of the Fund in their clients’ accounts, NB Management and/or its affiliates benefit from the incremental management and other fees paid to NB Management and/or its affiliates by the Fund with respect to those assets.
 
Distribution Plan (Class A Only)
 
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has also adopted a Plan with respect to Class A of the Fund.  The Plan provides that Class A of the Fund will compensate NB Management for administrative and other services provided to Class A of the Fund, its activities and expenses related to the sale and distribution of Class A shares, and ongoing services to investors in Class A of the Fund. Under the Plan, NB Management receives from Class A of the Fund a fee at the annual rate of 0.25% of that Class’s average daily net assets. NB Management may pay up to the full amount of this fee to Institutions that make available Class A shares and/or provide services to Class A and its shareholders. The fee paid to an Institution is based on the level of such services provided. Institutions may use the payments for, among other purposes, compensating employees engaged in sales and/or shareholder servicing. The amount of fees paid by Class A of the Fund during any year may be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to that class of the Fund and its investors. FINRA rules limit the amount of annual
 
 
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distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid. Class A’s plan complies with these rules.
 
Distribution Plan (Class C Only)
 
The Trust, on behalf of the Fund, has also adopted a Plan with respect to Class C shares of the Fund.  The Plan provides that Class C of the Fund will compensate NB Management for administrative and other services provided to Class C of the Fund, its activities and expenses related to the sale and distribution of Class C shares, and ongoing services to investors in Class C of the Fund. Under the Plan, NB Management receives from Class C of the Fund a fee at the annual rate of 1.00% of that Class’s average daily net assets of which 0.75% is a distribution fee and 0.25% is a service fee. NB Management may pay up to the full amount of this fee to Institutions that make available Class C shares and/or provide services to Class C and its shareholders. The fee paid to an Institution is based on the level of such services provided. Institutions may use the payments for, among other purposes, compensating employees engaged in sales and/or shareholder servicing. The amount of fees paid by Class C of the Fund during any year may be more or less than the cost of distribution and other services provided to that class of the Fund and its investors. FINRA rules limit the amount of annual distribution and service fees that may be paid by a mutual fund and impose a ceiling on the cumulative distribution fees paid. Class C’s plan complies with these rules.
 
Distribution Plan (Class A and Class C)
 
Each Plan requires that NB Management provide the Fund Trustees for their review a quarterly written report identifying the amounts expended by each Class and the purposes for which such expenditures were made.
 
Prior to approving the Plans, the Fund Trustees considered various factors relating to the implementation of each Plan and determined that there is a reasonable likelihood that the Plans will benefit the applicable Classes of the Fund and their shareholders. To the extent the Plans allow the Fund to penetrate markets to which they would not otherwise have access, the Plans may result in additional sales of Fund shares; this, in turn, may enable the Fund to achieve economies of scale that could reduce expenses. In addition, certain on-going shareholder services may be provided more effectively by Institutions with which shareholders have an existing relationship.
 
Each Plan is renewable from year to year with respect to a class of the Fund, so long as its continuance is approved at least annually (1) by the vote of a majority of the Fund Trustees and (2) by a vote of the majority of those Independent Fund Trustees who have no direct or indirect financial interest in the Distribution Agreement or the Plans pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act (“Rule 12b-1 Trustees”), cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Plans may not be amended to increase materially the amount of fees paid by any class of the Fund thereunder unless such amendment is approved by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding shares of the class and by the Fund Trustees in the manner described above. A Plan is terminable with respect to a class of the Fund at any time by a vote of a majority of the Rule 12b-1 Trustees or by a 1940 Act majority vote of the outstanding shares in the class.
 
 
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From time to time, the Fund may be closed to new investors. Because the Plans for Class A and Class C shares of the Fund pay for ongoing shareholder and account services, the Board may determine that it is appropriate for the Fund to continue paying a 12b-1 fee, even though the Fund is closed to new investors.
 
 
ADDITIONAL PURCHASE INFORMATION
 
Share Prices and Net Asset Value
 
The Fund’s shares are bought or sold at the offering price or at a price that is the Fund’s NAV per share. The NAV for each Class of the Fund is calculated by subtracting total liabilities of that Class from total assets attributable to that Class (the market value of the securities the Fund holds plus cash and other assets). The Fund’s per share NAV is calculated by dividing its NAV by the number of Fund shares outstanding attributable to that Class and rounding the result to the nearest full cent. The Fund calculates its NAV as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE, usually 4 p.m. Eastern time, on each day the NYSE is open. Because the value of the Fund's portfolio securities changes every business day, its share price usually changes as well.
 
The Fund uses one or more independent pricing services approved by the Board of Trustees to value its equity portfolio securities (including options, other instruments for which market quotations are readily available and securities issued by ETFs). The independent pricing service values equity portfolio securities (including options and securities issued by ETFs) listed on the NYSE, the NYSE Amex Equities or other national securities exchanges, and other securities or instruments for which market quotations are readily available, at the last reported sale price on the day the securities are being valued. Securities traded primarily on the NASDAQ Stock Market are normally valued by the independent pricing service at the NASDAQ Official Closing Price (“NOCP”) provided by NASDAQ each business day. The NOCP is the most recently reported price as of 4:00:02 p.m., Eastern time, unless that price is outside the range of the “inside” bid and asked prices (i.e., the bid and asked prices that dealers quote to each other when trading for their own accounts); in that case, NASDAQ will adjust the price to equal the inside bid or asked price, whichever is closer. Because of delays in reporting trades, the NOCP may not be based on the price of the last trade to occur before the market closes. If there is no reported sale of a security or other instrument on a particular day, the independent pricing service may value the security or other instrument based on market quotations.
 
The Fund uses one or more independent pricing services approved by the Board of Trustees to value its debt portfolio securities and certain other instruments. Valuations of debt securities and certain other instruments (other than short-term securities) provided by an independent pricing service are based on readily available bid quotations or, if quotations are not readily available, by methods that include considerations such as: yields or prices of securities of comparable quality, coupon, maturity and type; indications as to values from dealers; and general market conditions. Short-term securities with remaining maturities of less than 60 days may be valued at cost, which, when combined with interest earned, approximates market value.
 
NB Management has developed a process to periodically review information provided by independent pricing services for all types of securities.
 
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If a valuation for a security is not available from an independent pricing service or if NB Management believes in good faith that the valuation does not reflect the amount the Fund would receive on a current sale of that security, the Fund seeks to obtain quotations from principal market makers. If such quotations are not readily available, the Fund may use a fair value estimate made according to methods approved by the Board of Trustees. The Fund may also use these methods to value certain types of illiquid securities. Fair value pricing generally will be used if the market in which a portfolio security trades closes early or if trading in a particular security was halted during the day and did not resume prior to the Fund’s net asset value calculation. Numerous factors may be considered when determining the fair value of a security or other instrument, including available analyst, media or other reports, trading in futures or ADRs, and whether the issuer of the security or other instrument being fair valued has other securities or other instruments outstanding.
 
The value of the Fund's investments in foreign securities is generally determined using the same valuation methods used for other Fund investments, as discussed above. Foreign security prices expressed in local currency values are translated from the local currency into U.S. dollars using the exchange rates as of 4:00 p.m., Eastern time.
 
If, after the close of the principal market on which a security is traded and before the time the Fund's securities are priced that day, an event occurs that NB Management deems likely to cause a material change in the value of that security, the Fund Trustees have authorized NB Management, subject to the Board’s review, to ascertain a fair value for such security. Such events may include circumstances in which the value of the U.S. markets changes by a percentage deemed significant.
 
The Board has approved the use of Interactive Data Pricing and Reference Data, Inc. (“Interactive”) to assist in determining the fair value of foreign equity securities when changes in the value of a certain index suggest that the closing prices on the foreign exchanges may no longer represent the amount that the Fund could expect to receive for those securities. In this event, Interactive will provide adjusted prices for certain foreign equity securities using a statistical analysis of historical correlations of multiple factors. In the absence of precise information about the market values of these foreign securities as of the close of the NYSE, the Board has determined on the basis of available data that prices adjusted in this way are likely to be closer to the prices the Fund could realize on a current sale than are the prices of those securities established at the close of the foreign markets in which the securities primarily trade. Foreign securities are traded in foreign markets that may be open on days when the NYSE is closed. As a result, the NAV of the Fund may be significantly affected on days when shareholders do not have access to that Fund.
 
Under the 1940 Act, the Fund is required to act in good faith in determining the fair value of portfolio securities. The SEC has recognized that a security’s valuation may differ depending on the method used for determining value. The fair value ascertained for a security is an estimate and there is no assurance, given the limited information available at the time of fair valuation, that a security’s fair value will be the same as or close to the subsequent opening market price for that security.
 
 
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Subscriptions in Kind
 
The Fund may from time to time accept securities in exchange for Fund shares.
 
Financial Intermediaries
 
The Fund has authorized one or more financial intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on its behalf.  Such financial intermediaries are authorized to designate other administrative intermediaries to receive purchase and redemption orders on the Fund’s behalf.  The Fund will be deemed to have received a purchase and redemption order when a financial intermediary or its designee receives the order.  Purchase and redemption orders will be priced at the next share price or offering price to be calculated after the order has been “accepted” as defined in the Prospectus.
 
Automatic Investing and Dollar Cost Averaging
 
For each Class that is sold directly to investors (currently Class A shares for Grandfathered Investors as defined in the Class A and Class C shares Prospectus), shareholders in that Class (“Direct Shareholders”) may arrange to have a fixed amount automatically invested in Fund shares of that Class each month. To do so, a Direct Shareholder must complete an application, available from the Distributor, electing to have automatic investments funded either through (1) redemptions from his or her account in an eligible money market fund outside the Neuberger Berman fund family or (2) withdrawals from the shareholder’s checking account. In either case, the minimum monthly investment is $100. Direct Shareholders who elect to participate in automatic investing through his or her checking account must include a voided check with the completed application. A completed application should be sent to Neuberger Berman Funds, Boston Service Center, P.O. Box 8403, Boston, MA 02266-8403.
 
Automatic investing enables a Direct Shareholder to take advantage of “dollar cost averaging.” As a result of dollar cost averaging, a Direct Shareholder’s average cost of Fund shares generally would be lower than if the shareholder purchased a fixed number of shares at the same pre-set intervals. Additional information on dollar cost averaging may be obtained from the Distributor.
 
Sales Charges
 
Class A Purchases
 
Purchases by certain 403(b) plans.    Individual 403(b) plans may be treated similarly to employer-sponsored plans for Class A sales charge purposes ( i.e. , individual participant accounts are eligible to be aggregated together) if: (a) the Neuberger Berman Funds are principal investment options; (b) the employer facilitates the enrollment process by, for example, allowing for onsite group enrollment meetings held during working hours; and (c) there is only one dealer firm assigned to the plans.
 
Other Purchases.    Pursuant to a determination of eligibility by NB Management, Class A shares of the Fund may be sold at net asset value to:
 
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1.
current or retired directors, trustees, and officers of the Neuberger Berman Funds, current or retired employees and partners of NB Management or Neuberger Berman and its affiliated companies, certain family members and employees of the above persons, and trusts or plans primarily for such persons;
   
2.
currently registered representatives and assistants directly employed by such representatives, retired registered representatives with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, “Eligible Persons”)  (and their (a) spouses or equivalents if recognized under local law, (b) parents and children, including parents and children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in- law and daughters-in-law, and (c) parents-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses, children or parents of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the parents-in-law) of dealers who have sales agreements with the Distributor (or who clear transactions through such dealers), plans for the dealers, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses, parents and/or children;
   
3.
currently registered investment advisers (“RIAs”) and assistants directly employed by such RIAs, retired RIAs with respect to accounts established while active, or full-time employees (collectively, “Eligible Persons”) (and their (a) spouses or equivalents if recognized under local law, (b) parents and children, including parents and children in step and adoptive relationships, sons-in-law and daughters-in-law and (c) parents-in-law, if the Eligible Persons or the spouses, children or parents of the Eligible Persons are listed in the account registration with the parents-in-law) of RIA firms that are authorized to sell shares of the Fund, plans for the RIA firms, and plans that include as participants only the Eligible Persons, their spouses, parents and/or children;
   
4.
companies exchanging securities with the Fund through a merger, acquisition or exchange offer;
   
5.
insurance company separate accounts;
   
6.
accounts managed by NB Management or Neuberger Berman and its affiliated companies;
   
7.
NB Management or Neuberger Berman and its affiliated companies;
   
8.
an individual or entity with a substantial business relationship with NB Management or Neuberger Berman and its affiliated companies, or an individual or entity related or relating to such individual or entity;
   
9.
wholesalers and full-time employees directly supporting wholesalers involved in the distribution of insurance company separate accounts whose underlying investments are managed by NB Management or Neuberger Berman and its affiliated companies;
 
 
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10.
full-time employees of banks that have sales agreements with the Distributor, who are solely dedicated to directly supporting the sale of mutual funds;
   
11.
directors, officers and employees of financial institutions that have a selling group agreement with the Distributor;
   
12.
banks, broker-dealers and other financial institutions (including registered investment advisors and financial planners) that have entered into an agreement with the Distributor or one of its affiliates, purchasing shares on behalf of clients participating in a Fund supermarket or in a wrap program, asset allocation program or other program in which the clients pay an asset-based fee;
   
13.
clients of authorized dealers purchasing shares in fixed or flat fee brokerage accounts;
   
14.
Employer-sponsored defined contribution – type plans, including 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans, and individual retirement account (“ IRA”) rollovers involving retirement plan assets invested in the funds in the fund family;
   
15.
Employee benefit and retirement plans for NB Management and its affiliates ; and
   
16.
Certain IRAs that are part of an IRA platform sponsored by a financial intermediary that has a sales agreement with the Distributor pursuant to which the Fund’s shares are offered on such IRA platform as investment options.

Shares are offered at net asset value to these persons and organizations due to anticipated economies in sales effort and expense. Once an account is established under this net asset value privilege, additional investments can be made at net asset value for the life of the account.
 
Moving between accounts.
 
Investments in certain account types may be moved to other account types without incurring additional Class A sales charges. These transactions include, for example:
 
 
redemption proceeds from a non-retirement account (for example, a joint tenant account) used to purchase Fund shares in an IRA or other individual-type retirement account;
     
 
required minimum distributions from an IRA or other individual-type retirement account used to purchase Fund shares in a non-retirement account; and
     
 
death distributions paid to a beneficiary’s account that are used by the beneficiary to purchase Fund shares in a different account.
 
 
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Loan repayments.
 
Repayments on loans taken from a retirement plan or an IRA or other individual-type retirement account are not subject to sales charges if NB Management is notified of the repayment.
 
Dealer commissions and compensation.
 
Commissions (up to 1.00%) are paid to dealers who initiate and are responsible for certain Class A share purchases not subject to sales charges. These purchases consist of aggregate purchases of $1 million or more, purchases by employer-sponsored defined contribution-type retirement plans investing $1 million or more or with 100 or more eligible employees, and purchases made at net asset value by certain retirement plans, endowments and foundations with assets of $50 million or more. Commissions on such investments (other than IRA rollover assets that roll over at no sales charge under the Fund’s IRA rollover policy as described in the Class A and Class C Prospectus) are paid to dealers at the following rates: 1.00% on amounts from $1 million to $1,999,999, 0.75% on amounts from $2 million to $2,999,999, 0.50% on amounts from $3 million to $4,999,999 and 0.25% on amounts from $5 million and above. Commissions are based on cumulative investments and are annually reset.
 
A dealer concession of up to 1% may be paid by the Fund under its Class A plan of distribution to reimburse the Distributor in connection with dealer and wholesaler compensation paid by it with respect to investments made with no initial sales charge.
 
Sales Charge Reductions and Waivers
 
Reducing your Class A sales charge.
 
As described in the Class A and Class C Prospectus, there are various ways to reduce your sales charge when purchasing Class A shares. Additional information about Class A sales charge reductions is provided below.
 
Letter of Intent.   By establishing a letter of intent (the “Letter”), you enter into a nonbinding commitment to purchase shares of funds in the fund family over a 13-month period and receive the same sales charge (expressed as a percentage of your purchases) as if all shares had been purchased at once.
 
The market value of your existing holdings eligible to be aggregated (see below) as of the day immediately before the start of the Letter period may be credited toward satisfying the Letter.
 
The Letter may be revised upward at any time during the Letter period, and such a revision will be treated as a new Letter, except that the Letter period during which the purchases must be made will remain unchanged. Purchases made from the date of revision will receive the reduced sales charge, if any, resulting from the revised Letter.
 

 
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The Letter will be considered completed if the shareholder dies within the 13-month Letter period. Commissions to dealers will not be adjusted or paid on the difference between the Letter amount and the amount actually invested before the shareholder’s death.
 
When a shareholder elects to use a Letter, shares equal to 5% of the dollar amount specified in the Letter may be held in escrow in the shareholder’s account out of the initial purchase (or subsequent purchases, if necessary) by the Fund’s transfer agent. All dividends and capital gain distributions on shares held in escrow will be credited to the shareholder’s account in shares (or paid in cash, if requested). If the intended investment is not completed within the specified Letter period, the purchaser may be required to remit to the Distributor the difference between the sales charge actually paid and the sales charge which would have been paid if the total of such purchases had been made at a single time. Any dealers assigned to the shareholder’s account at the time a purchase was made during the Letter period will receive a corresponding commission adjustment if appropriate. If the difference is not paid by the close of the Letter period, the appropriate number of shares held in escrow will be redeemed to pay such difference. If the proceeds from this redemption are inadequate, the purchaser may be liable to the Distributor for the balance still outstanding.
 
Shareholders purchasing shares at a reduced sales charge under a Letter indicate their acceptance of these terms and those in the Class A and Class C Prospectus with their first purchase.
 
Aggregation.   Qualifying investments for aggregation include those made by you and your “immediate family” as defined in the Class A and Class C Prospectus, if all parties are purchasing shares for their own accounts and/or:
 
 
individual-type employee benefit plans, such as an IRA, individual 403(b) plan (see exception in “Purchases by certain 403(b) plans” under “Sales Charges”) or single-participant Keogh-type plan;
     
 
business accounts solely controlled by you or your immediate family (for example, you own the entire business);
     
 
trust accounts established by you or your immediate family (for trusts with only one primary beneficiary, upon the trustor’s death the trust account may be aggregated with such beneficiary’s own accounts; for trusts with multiple primary beneficiaries, upon the trustor’s death the trustees of the trust may instruct the Fund’s transfer agent to establish separate trust accounts for each primary beneficiary; each primary beneficiary’s separate trust account may then be aggregated with such beneficiary’s own accounts);
     
 
endowments or foundations established and controlled by you or your immediate family; or
     
 
529 accounts, which will be aggregated at the account owner level (Class 529-E accounts may only be aggregated with an eligible employer plan).
 
 
 
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Individual purchases by a trustee(s) or other fiduciary(ies) may also be aggregated if the investments are:
 
 
for a single trust estate or fiduciary account, including employee benefit plans other than the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
     
 
made for two or more employee benefit plans of a single employer or of affiliated employers as defined in the 1940 Act, excluding the individual-type employee benefit plans described above;
     
 
for a diversified common trust fund or other diversified pooled account not specifically formed for the purpose of accumulating Fund shares;
     
 
for nonprofit, charitable or educational organizations, or any endowments or foundations established and controlled by such organizations, or any employer-sponsored retirement plans established for the benefit of the employees of such organizations, their endowments, or their foundations; or
     
 
for individually established participant accounts of a 403(b) plan that is treated similarly to an employer-sponsored plan for sales charge purposes (see “Purchases by certain 403(b) plans” under “Sales Charges” above), or made for two or more such 403(b) plans that are treated similarly to employer-sponsored plans for sales charge purposes, in each case of a single employer or affiliated employers as defined in the 1940 Act.
 
Purchases made for nominee or street name accounts (securities held in the name of an investment dealer or another nominee such as a bank trust department instead of the customer) may not be aggregated with those made for other accounts and may not be aggregated with other nominee or street name accounts unless otherwise qualified as described above.
 
Concurrent purchases.   As described in the Class A and Class C Prospectus, you may reduce your Class A sales charge by combining purchases of all classes of shares in the funds in the fund family.
 
Rights of accumulation.   Subject to the limitations described in the aggregation policy, you may take into account your accumulated holdings in all share classes of the funds in the fund family to determine your sales charge on investments in accounts eligible to be aggregated. Subject to your investment dealer’s or recordkeeper’s capabilities, your accumulated holdings will be calculated as the higher of (a) the current value of your existing holdings (the “market value”) or (b) the amount you invested (including reinvested dividends and capital gain distributions, but excluding capital appreciation) less any withdrawals (the “cost value”). Depending on the entity on whose books your account is held, the value of your holdings in that account may not be eligible for calculation at cost value. For example, accounts held in nominee or street name may not be eligible for calculation at cost value and instead may be calculated at market value for purposes of rights of accumulation.
 
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You must contact your financial adviser or NB Management if you have additional information that is relevant to the calculation of the value of your holdings.
 
You may not purchase Class C shares if such combined holdings cause you to be eligible to purchase Class A shares at the $1 million or more sales charge discount rate ( i.e. at net asset value).
 
If you make a gift of Class A shares, upon your request, you may purchase the shares at the sales charge discount allowed under rights of accumulation of all of your funds in the fund family.
 
CDSC waivers for Class A and Class C shares.
 
As noted in the Class A and Class C Prospectus, a contingent deferred sales charge (“CDSC”) may be waived in the following cases:
 
 
redemptions due to death or post-purchase disability of a shareholder (this generally excludes accounts registered in the names of trusts and other entities). In the case of joint tenant accounts, if one joint tenant dies, a surviving joint tenant, at the time he or she notifies the Fund’s transfer agent of the other joint tenant’s death and removes the decedent’s name from the account, may redeem shares from the account without incurring a CDSC. Redemptions made after the Fund’s transfer agent is notified of the death of a joint tenant will be subject to a CDSC;
     
 
tax-free returns of excess contributions to IRAs;
     
 
permitted exchanges of shares, except if shares acquired by exchange are then redeemed within the period during which a contingent deferred sales charge would apply to the initial shares purchased;
     
 
distributions from an IRA upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 59-1/2;
     
 
IRA rollover from a Fund in the fund family held in a employer sponsored retirement plan to Class A shares; and
     
 
redemptions due to the complete termination of a trust upon the death of the trustor/grantor or beneficiary, but only if such termination is specifically provided for in the trust document.
     
In addition, a CDSC may be waived for the following types of transactions, if together they do not exceed 12% of the value of an “account” (defined below) annually (the “12% limit”):
 
 
Required minimum distributions taken from retirement accounts upon the shareholder’s attainment of age 70-1/2 (required minimum distributions that continue to be taken by the beneficiary(ies) after the account owner is deceased also qualify for a waiver).

 
 
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Redemptions through a systematic withdrawal plan (SWP). For each SWP payment, assets that are not subject to a CDSC, such as appreciation on shares and shares acquired through reinvestment of dividends and/or capital gain distributions, will be redeemed first and will count toward the 12% limit. If there is an insufficient amount of assets not subject to a CDSC to cover a particular SWP payment, shares subject to the lowest CDSC will be redeemed next until the 12% limit is reached. Any dividends and/or capital gain distributions taken in cash by a shareholder who receives payments through a SWP will also count toward the 12% limit. In the case of a SWP, the 12% limit is calculated at the time a systematic redemption is first made, and is recalculated at the time each additional systematic redemption is made. Shareholders who establish a SWP should be aware that the amount of a payment not subject to a CDSC may vary over time depending on fluctuations in the value of their accounts. This privilege may be revised or terminated at any time.
     
 
Purchases where the Distributor pays no commission or transaction fee to authorized dealers.
     
 
For purposes of this paragraph, “account” means:
   
 
in the case of Class A shares, your investment in Class A shares of all funds in the fund family; and
     
 
in the case of Class C shares, your investment in Class C shares of the particular fund from which you are making the redemption.

 
CDSC waivers are allowed only in the cases listed here and in the Class A and Class C Prospectus.
 
 
ADDITIONAL EXCHANGE INFORMATION
 
As more fully set forth in the Fund’s Prospectus, if shareholders purchased Institutional, Investor or Trust Class shares of a fund in the fund family directly, they may redeem at least $1,000 worth of the fund’s shares and invest the proceeds in shares of the corresponding class of one or more of the other funds in the fund family, provided that the minimum investment requirements of the other fund(s) are met.  Investor Class may also be exchanged for Trust Class shares where NB Management is the Institution acting as the record owner on behalf of the shareholder making the exchange.
 
In addition, Grandfathered Investors (as defined in the Class A and Class C shares Prospectuses) may exchange their shares (either Investor Class or Trust Class) for Class A shares where Investor Class or Trust Class shares of the other fund in the fund family are not available; otherwise, they will exchange their shares into the corresponding class of the other fund in the fund family.
 
An Institution may exchange a fund’s Investor Class, Advisor Class, Trust Class, Institutional Class, Class A, Class C, and Class R3 shares (if the shareholder did not purchase the fund’s shares directly) for shares of the corresponding class of one or more of the other funds in
 

 
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the fund family, if made available through that Institution.  Most Institutions allow you to take advantage of the exchange program.
 
If shareholders purchased shares of a fund in the fund family directly, they may exchange those shares for shares of the following eligible money market funds (and classes): Investment Class shares of State Street Institutional U.S. Government Money Market Fund, Investment Class shares of State Street Institutional Liquid Reserves Fund, Investment Class shares of State Street Institutional Treasury Plus Money Market Fund, Institutional Class shares of JPMorgan Tax Free Money Market Fund, and Morgan Class shares of JPMorgan New York Municipal Money Market Fund. An investor may exchange shares of an eligible money market fund for shares of a particular class of a fund in the Neuberger Berman fund family only if the investor holds, through NB Management, both the shares of the eligible money market fund and shares of that particular class of that fund in the Neuberger Berman fund family.

Exchanges are generally not subject to any applicable sales charges.  However, exchanges from eligible money market funds are subject to any applicable sales charges on the fund in the Neuberger Berman fund family being purchased, unless the eligible money market fund shares were acquired through an exchange from a fund in the Neuberger Berman fund family having a sales charge or by reinvestment or cross-reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions from a fund in the Neuberger Berman fund family having a sales charge.
 
Most investment providers allow you to take advantage of the exchange program.  Please contact your investment provider or NB Management for further information on exchanging your shares.
 
Any of the Neuberger Berman Funds may terminate or modify its exchange privilege in the future. Before effecting an exchange, fund shareholders must obtain and should review a currently effective prospectus of the fund into which the exchange is to be made. An exchange is treated as a sale and purchase for federal income tax purposes, and, depending on the circumstances, a capital gain or loss may be realized.
 
Each of the Neuberger Berman Funds may terminate or materially alter its exchange privilege without notice to shareholders.
 
 
ADDITIONAL REDEMPTION INFORMATION
 
Suspension of Redemptions
 
The right to redeem the Fund’s shares may be suspended or payment of the redemption price postponed (1) when the NYSE is closed, (2) when trading on the NYSE is restricted, (3) when an emergency exists as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for the Fund to dispose of securities it owns or fairly to determine the value of its net assets, or (4) for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of the Fund’s shareholders. Applicable SEC rules and regulations shall govern whether the conditions prescribed in (2) or (3) exist. If the right of redemption is suspended, shareholders may withdraw their offers of redemption, or they will receive payment at the NAV per share in effect at the close of business on the first day the NYSE is open (“Business Day”) after termination of the suspension.
 
 
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Redemptions in Kind
 
The Fund reserves the right, under certain conditions, to honor any request for redemption by making payment in whole or in part in securities valued as described in “Share Prices and Net Asset Value” above. The Fund may pay in kind only those requests for redemption (or a combination of requests from the same shareholder in any 90-day period) exceeding $250,000 or 1% of the net assets of the Fund, whichever is less. If payment is made in securities, a shareholder or Institution generally will incur brokerage expenses or other transaction costs in converting those securities into cash and will be subject to fluctuation in the market prices of those securities until they are sold. The Fund does not redeem in kind under normal circumstances, but would do so when the Fund Trustees determined that it was in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders as a whole.
 
Abandoned Property
 
It is the responsibility of the investor to ensure that NB Management maintains a correct address for the investor’s account(s). An incorrect address may cause an investor’s account statements and other mailings to be returned to NB Management. If NB Management is unable to locate the investor, then it will determine whether the investor’s account has legally been abandoned. NB Management is legally obligated to escheat (or transfer) abandoned property to the appropriate state’s unclaimed property administrator in accordance with statutory requirements. The investor’s last known address of record determines which state has jurisdiction.
 
 
CONVERSION INFORMATION
 
If consistent with your investment provider’s program, Class A shares of the Fund that have been purchased by an investment provider on behalf of clients participating in (i) 401(k) plans, 457 plans, employer-sponsored 403(b) plans, profit-sharing and money purchase pension plans, defined benefit plans and non-qualified deferred compensation plans or (ii) investment programs in which the clients pay a fixed or asset-based fee, may be converted into Institutional Class shares of the same Fund if the investment provider satisfies any then-applicable eligibility requirements for investment in Institutional Class shares of the Fund.  Any such conversion will be effected at net asset value without the imposition of any sales load, fee or other charges by the Fund.  Please contact your investment provider about any fees that it may charge.
 
 
DIVIDENDS AND OTHER DISTRIBUTIONS
 
The Fund distributes to its shareholders substantially all of its net investment income (by Class, after deducting expenses attributable to the Class), net capital gains and net gains from foreign currency transactions it earns or realizes that are allocable to that Class. Capital gain realization is one factor that a Portfolio Manager may consider in deciding when to sell a security. The Fund’s net investment income, for financial accounting purposes, consists of all income accrued on its assets less accrued expenses but does not include capital and foreign currency gains and losses. Net investment income and realized gains and losses are reflected in the Fund’s NAV until they are distributed. The Fund calculates its net investment income and
 
 
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NAV per share as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE on each Business Day (usually 4:00 p.m. Eastern time).
 
The Fund normally pays dividends from net investment income and distributions of net realized capital and foreign currency gains, if any, once annually, in December.
 
The Fund’s dividends and other distributions are automatically reinvested in additional shares of the distributing Class of the Fund, unless the shareholder elects to receive them in cash (“cash election”). Direct Shareholders may make a cash election on the original account application or at a later date by writing to State Street, c/o Boston Service Center, P.O. Box 8403, Boston, MA 02266-8403. Cash distributions can be paid by check or through an electronic transfer to a bank account or used to purchase shares of another fund in the fund family, designated in the shareholder’s original account application. To the extent dividends and other distributions are subject to federal, state, and/or local income taxation, they are taxable to the shareholders (or Institution) whether received in cash or reinvested in Fund shares.
 
A cash election with respect to the Fund remains in effect until the shareholder (or Institution) notifies State Street in writing to discontinue the election. If it is determined, however, that the U.S. Postal Service cannot properly deliver the Fund’s mailings to a shareholder for 180 days, the Fund will terminate the shareholder’s cash election. Thereafter, the shareholder’s dividends and other distributions will automatically be reinvested in additional Fund shares of the relevant Class until the shareholder (or Institution) requests in writing to State Street or the Fund that the cash election be reinstated.
 
Dividend or other distribution checks that are not cashed or deposited within 180 days from being issued will be reinvested in additional shares of the distributing Class of the relevant Fund at their NAV per share on the day the check is reinvested. No interest will accrue on amounts represented by uncashed dividend or other distribution checks.
 
 
ADDITIONAL TAX INFORMATION
 
Taxation of the Fund
 
To qualify for treatment as a RIC, the Fund – which is treated as a separate corporation for federal tax purposes – must distribute to its shareholders for each taxable year at least 90% of its investment company taxable income (consisting generally of net investment income, the excess of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss (“net short-term capital gain”), and net gains and losses from certain foreign currency transactions, all determined without regard to any deduction for dividends paid) (“Distribution Requirement”) and must meet several additional requirements. With respect to the Fund, these requirements include the following: (1) the Fund must derive at least 90% of its gross income each taxable year from (i) dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, and gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income (including gains from Financial Instruments) derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or those currencies (collectively, “Qualifying Other Income”) and (ii) net income from an interest in a “qualified publicly traded partnership” (“QPTP”) (“Income Requirement”); and (2) at the close of each quarter of the Fund’s taxable year, (i) at least 50% of the value of its total assets must be
 
 
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represented by cash and cash items, Government securities, securities of other RICs, and other securities limited, in respect of any one issuer, to an amount that does not exceed 5% of the value of the Fund’s total assets and that does not represent more than 10% of the issuer’s outstanding voting securities (equity securities of QPTPs being considered voting securities for these purposes), and (ii) not more than 25% of the value of its total assets may be invested in (a) securities (other than Government securities or securities of other RICs) of any one issuer, (b) securities (other than securities of other RICs) of two or more issuers the Fund controls that are determined to be engaged in the same, similar, or related trades or businesses, or (c) securities of one or more QPTPs.  If the Fund invests cash collateral received in connection with securities lending in an unregistered fund (as noted above under “Investment Information -- Cash Management and Temporary Defensive Positions”), the Fund generally will be treated as (x) owning a proportionate share of the unregistered fund’s assets for purposes of determining the Fund’s compliance with the foregoing diversification requirements and certain other provisions (including the provision that permits it to enable its shareholders to get the benefit of foreign taxes it pays, as described below) and (y) being entitled to the income on that share for purposes of determining whether it satisfies the Income Requirement.
 
By qualifying for treatment as a RIC, the Fund (but not its shareholders) will be relieved of federal income tax on the part of its investment company taxable income and net capital gain ( i.e., the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) that it distributes to its shareholders. If the Fund failed to qualify for treatment as a RIC for any taxable year, (1) it would be taxed on the full amount of its taxable income for that year without being able to deduct the distributions it makes to its shareholders and (2) the shareholders would treat all those distributions, including distributions of net capital gain, as dividends to the extent of the Fund’s earnings and profits.  Those dividends would be taxable as ordinary income, except that, for individual shareholders, the part thereof that is “qualified dividend income” (as described in the Prospectus) (“QDI”) would be taxable for federal tax purposes at the rate for net capital gain (a maximum of 15% for taxable years beginning before January 1, 2013). In addition, the Fund could be required to recognize unrealized gains, pay substantial taxes and interest, and make substantial distributions before requalifying for RIC treatment.
 
The Fund will be subject to a nondeductible 4% excise tax (“Excise Tax”) to the extent it fails to distribute by the end of any calendar year substantially all of its ordinary income for that year and capital gain net income for the one-year period ended on October 31 of that year, plus certain other amounts. The Fund intends to make distributions in accordance with this calendar year distribution requirement.
 
Dividends and interest the Fund receives, and gains it realizes, on foreign securities may be subject to income, withholding, or other taxes imposed by foreign countries and U.S. possessions (“foreign taxes”) that would reduce the total return on its securities. Tax treaties between certain countries and the United States may reduce or eliminate foreign taxes, however, and many foreign countries do not impose taxes on capital gains in respect of investments by foreign investors.
 
If more than 50% of the value of the Fund’s total assets at the close of its taxable year consists of securities of foreign corporations, the Fund will be eligible to, and may, file an election with the Service that will enable its shareholders, in effect, to receive the benefit of the
 
 
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foreign tax credit with respect to any foreign taxes the Fund paid. Pursuant to that election, the Fund would treat those taxes as dividends paid to its shareholders and each shareholder would be required to (1) include in gross income, and treat as paid by the shareholder, his or her share of those taxes, (2) treat his or her share of those taxes and of any dividend the Fund paid that represents its income from foreign or U.S. possessions sources (“foreign-source income”) as his or her own income from those sources, and (3) either use the foregoing information in calculating the foreign tax credit against his or her federal income tax or, alternatively, deduct the taxes deemed paid by him or her in computing his or her taxable income. The Fund will report to its shareholders shortly after each taxable year their respective shares of the Fund’s foreign taxes and its foreign-source income if it makes this election. Individual shareholders of the Fund who have no more than $300 ($600 for married persons filing jointly) of creditable foreign taxes included on Forms 1099 and all of whose foreign source income is “qualified passive income” may elect each year to be exempt from the extremely complicated foreign tax credit limitation and will be able to claim a foreign tax credit without having to file the detailed Form 1116 that otherwise is required.
 
The Fund may invest in the stock of “passive foreign investment companies” (“PFICs”). A PFIC is any foreign corporation (with certain exceptions) that, in general, meets either of the following tests: (1) at least 75% of its gross income for the taxable year is passive or (2) an average of at least 50% of its assets produce, or are held for the production of, passive income. Under certain circumstances, the Fund that holds stock of a PFIC will be subject to federal income tax on a portion of any “excess distribution” it receives on the stock or of any gain on its disposition of the stock (collectively, “PFIC income”), plus interest thereon, even if the Fund distributes the PFIC income as a taxable dividend to its shareholders. The balance of the PFIC income will be included in the Fund’s investment company taxable income and, accordingly, will not be taxable to it to the extent it distributes that income to its shareholders. The Fund’s distributions attributable to PFIC income will not be eligible for the 15% maximum federal income tax rate on individuals’ QDI.
 
If the Fund invests in a PFIC and elects to treat the PFIC as a “qualified electing fund” (“QEF”), then in lieu of the Fund’s incurring the foregoing tax and interest obligation, the Fund would be required to include in income each taxable year its pro rata share of the QEF’s annual ordinary earnings and net capital gain -- which the Fund most likely would have to distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax -- even if the Fund did not receive those earnings and gain from the QEF. In most instances it will be very difficult, if not impossible, to make this election because of certain requirements thereof.
 
The Fund may elect to “mark-to-market” any stock in a PFIC it owns at the end of its taxable year. “Marking-to-market,” in this context, means including in gross income each taxable year (and treating as ordinary income) the excess, if any, of the fair market value of the stock over the Fund’s adjusted basis therein as of the end of that year. Pursuant to the election, the Fund also would be allowed to deduct (as an ordinary, not a capital, loss) the excess, if any, of its adjusted basis in PFIC stock over the fair market value thereof as of the taxable year-end, but only to the extent of any net mark-to-market gains with respect to that stock the Fund included in income for prior taxable years under the election. The Fund’s adjusted basis in each PFIC’s stock subject to the election would be adjusted to reflect the amounts of income included and deductions taken thereunder.
 
 
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Investors should be aware that the Fund may not be able, at the time it acquires a foreign issuer’s shares, to ascertain whether the issuer is a PFIC and that a foreign corporation may become a PFIC after the Fund acquires shares therein. While the Fund generally will seek to minimize its investments in PFIC shares, and to make appropriate elections when they are available, to lessen the adverse tax consequences detailed above, there are no guarantees that the Fund will be able to do so.
 
The Fund’s use of hedging strategies, such as writing (selling) and purchasing options and futures contracts and entering into forward contracts, involves complex rules that will determine for income tax purposes the amount, character, and timing of recognition of the gains and losses it realizes in connection therewith. Gains from the disposition of foreign currencies (except certain gains that may be excluded by future regulations), and gains from Financial Instruments the Fund derives with respect to its business of investing in securities or foreign currencies, will be treated as Qualifying Other Income.
 
Exchange-traded futures contracts, certain foreign currency contracts, and “nonequity” options ( i.e. , certain listed options, such as those on a “broad-based” securities index) -- excluding any “securities futures contract” (as defined in section 1234B(c) of the Code) that is not a “dealer securities futures contract” and any interest rate swap, currency swap, basis swap, interest rate cap, interest rate floor, commodity swap, equity swap, equity index swap, credit default swap, or similar agreement -- that are subject to section 1256 of the Code (“Section 1256 contracts”) in which the Fund may invest are required to be “marked-to-market” (that is, treated as having been sold at market value) for federal income tax purposes at the end of the Fund’s taxable year. Sixty percent of any net gain or loss recognized as a result of these deemed sales, and 60% of any net realized gain or loss from any actual sales, of Section 1256 contracts are treated as long-term capital gain or loss; the remainder is treated as short-term capital gain or loss. These rules may operate to increase the amount that the Fund must distribute to satisfy the Distribution Requirement ( i.e. , with respect to the portion treated as short-term capital gain), which will be taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them, and to increase the net capital gain the Fund recognizes, without in either case increasing the cash available to it. Section 1256 contracts also may be marked-to-market for purposes of the Excise Tax. The Fund may elect to exclude certain transactions from the operation of section 1256, although doing so may have the effect of increasing the relative proportion of short-term capital gain (as noted above, taxable to its shareholders as ordinary income when distributed to them) and/or increasing the amount of dividends it must distribute to meet the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax.
 
If the Fund has an “appreciated financial position” -- generally, an interest (including an interest through an option, futures or forward contract, or short sale) with respect to any stock, debt instrument (other than “straight debt”), or partnership interest the fair market value of which exceeds its adjusted basis -- and enters into a “constructive sale” of the position, the Fund will be treated as having made an actual sale thereof, with the result that it will recognize gain at that time. A constructive sale generally consists of a short sale, an offsetting notional principal contract, or a futures or forward contract the Fund or a related person enters into with respect to the same or substantially identical property. In addition, if the appreciated financial position is itself a short sale or such a contract, acquisition of the underlying property or substantially identical property will be deemed a constructive sale. The foregoing will not apply, however, to
 
 
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any transaction of the Fund during any taxable year that otherwise would be treated as a constructive sale if the transaction is closed within 30 days after the end of that year and the Fund holds the appreciated financial position unhedged for 60 days after that closing ( i.e ., at no time during that 60-day period is the Fund’s risk of loss regarding that position reduced by reason of certain specified transactions with respect to substantially identical or related property, such as having an option to sell, being contractually obligated to sell, making a short sale of, or granting an option to buy substantially identical stock or securities).
 
The Fund may acquire zero coupon securities or other securities issued with OID. As a holder of those securities, the Fund must take into income the OID that accrues on the securities during the taxable year, even if it receives no corresponding payment on them during the year. Similarly, the Fund must include in its gross income each taxable year any increase for that year in the net principal value of each inflation-indexed security it holds, even though it does not receive cash representing the increase until the security matures. Because the Fund annually must distribute substantially all of its investment company taxable income (including accrued OID and other non-cash income) to satisfy the Distribution Requirement and avoid imposition of the Excise Tax, the Fund may be required in a particular year to distribute as a dividend an amount that is greater than the total amount of cash it actually receives. Those distributions will be made from the Fund’s cash assets or, if necessary, from the proceeds of sales of its securities. The Fund may realize capital gains or losses from those sales, which would increase or decrease its investment company taxable income and/or net capital gain.
 
The Fund may invest in interests in MLPs, which generally are classified as partnerships for federal tax purposes.  Most MLPs in which the Fund may invest are expected to be QPTPs, all the net income from which (regardless of source) would be qualifying income, under the Income Requirement.  If the Fund invests in an MLP or an ETF that is not a QPTP, including a company principally engaged in the real estate industry that is classified for federal tax purposes as a partnership (and not as a corporation or REIT), the net income the Fund earns therefrom would be treated as Qualifying Other Income only to the extent it would be such if realized directly by the Fund in the same manner as realized by that MLP, ETF, or company.
 
The Fund may invest in REITs that (1) hold residual interests in real estate mortgage investment conduits (“REMICs”) or (2) engage in mortgage securitization transactions that cause the REITs to be taxable mortgage pool (“TMPs”) or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP. A portion of the net income allocable to REMIC residual interest holders may be an “excess inclusion.” The Code authorizes the issuance of regulations dealing with the taxation and reporting of excess inclusion income of REITs and RICs that hold residual REMIC interests and of REITs, or qualified REIT subsidiaries, that are TMPs.  Although those regulations have not yet been issued, in 2006 the U.S. Treasury Department and the Service issued a notice (“Notice”) announcing that, pending the issuance of further guidance, the Service would apply the principles in the following paragraphs to all excess inclusion income, whether from REMIC residual interests or TMPs.
 
The Notice provides that a REIT must (1) determine whether it or its qualified REIT subsidiary (or a part of either) is a TMP and, if so, calculate the TMP’s excess inclusion income under a “reasonable method,” (2) allocate its excess inclusion income to its shareholders generally in proportion to dividends paid, (3) inform shareholders that are not “disqualified
 
 
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organizations” ( i.e. , governmental units and tax-exempt entities that are not subject to the unrelated business income tax) of the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated thereto, (4) pay tax (at the highest federal income tax rate imposed on corporations) on the excess inclusion income allocated to its disqualified organization shareholders, and (5) apply the withholding tax provisions with respect to the excess inclusion part of dividends paid to foreign persons without regard to any treaty exception or reduction in tax rate. Excess inclusion income allocated to certain tax-exempt entities (including qualified retirement plans, IRAs, and public charities) constitutes unrelated business taxable income to them.
 
A RIC with excess inclusion income is subject to rules identical to those in clauses (2) through (5) (substituting “that are nominees” for “that are not ‘disqualified organizations’” in clause (3) and inserting “record shareholders that are” after “its” in clause (4)).  The Notice further provides that a RIC is not required to report the amount and character of the excess inclusion income allocated to its shareholders that are not nominees, except that (1) a RIC with excess inclusion income from all sources that exceeds 1% of its gross income must do so and (2) any other RIC must do so by taking into account only excess inclusion income allocated to the RIC from REITs the excess inclusion income of which exceeded 3% of its dividends.  The Fund will not invest directly in REMIC residual interests and does not intend to invest in REITs that, to its knowledge, invest in those interests or are TMPs or have a qualified REIT subsidiary that is a TMP.

The Subsidiary
 
The   Fund may invest a portion of its assets in the Subsidiary, which is classified as a corporation for federal tax purposes. A foreign corporation, such as the Subsidiary, generally is not subject to federal income tax unless it is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States. The Subsidiary intends to operate in a manner that is expected to meet the requirements of a safe harbor under section 864(b)(2) of the Code, under which it may trade in stocks or securities or certain commodities for its own account without being deemed to be engaged in a U.S. trade or business. If, however, certain of the Subsidiary’s activities did not meet those safe harbor requirements, it might be considered as engaging in such a trade or business.  Even if the Subsidiary is not so engaged, it may be subject to a withholding tax at a rate of 30% on all or a portion of its U.S.-source gross income that is not effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business.
 
The Subsidiary will be treated as a controlled foreign corporation (a “CFC”), and the Fund will be a “United States shareholder” thereof. As a result, the Fund will be required to include in its gross income each taxable year all of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income,” which generally is treated as ordinary income; it is expected that virtually all of the Subsidiary’s income will be “subpart F income.” If the Subsidiary realizes a net loss, that loss generally will not be available to offset the Fund’s income. The Fund’s inclusion of the Subsidiary’s “subpart F income” in its gross income will increase the Fund’s tax basis in its shares of the Subsidiary. Distributions by the Subsidiary to the Fund will not be taxable to the extent of its previously undistributed “subpart F income” and will reduce the Fund’s tax basis in those shares.
 
Although gains from the disposition of commodities are not considered Qualifying Other Income, the Service has issued numerous private letter rulings (“PLRs”) in recent years that a RIC’s income from a wholly owned foreign subsidiary (such as the Subsidiary) is Qualifying Other Income. Because a PLR may be citied as precedent only by the taxpayer(s) to which it is issued, the Fund has requested its own PLR from the Service that its income from the Subsidiary will be Qualifying Other Income, which request is currently pending before the Service. In July 2011, however, the Service suspended the issuance of further PLRs to RICs seeking commodities exposure through the use of foreign wholly owned subsidiaries (and structured notes); it is understood that the Service initiated that suspension, which was still in effect as of the effective date of this SAI, to re-examine the policies underlying the previously issued PLRs. There can be no assurance that the Service will resume issuing those PLRs or that there will not be other adverse changes in tax or other federal law that might adversely affect the Fund’s investment in the Subsidiary. If the Service changed its position expressed in the issued PLRs and failed to issue the PLR the Fund requested, the Fund may be unable to qualify as a RIC for one or more years.
 
Taxation of the Fund’s Shareholders
 
If Fund shares are sold at a loss after being held for six months or less, the loss will be treated as long-term, instead of short-term, capital loss to the extent of any capital gain distributions received on those shares.
 
The Fund is required to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of  all dividends, capital gain distributions, and redemption proceeds (regardless of the extent to which gain or loss may be realized) otherwise payable to any individuals and certain other non-corporate shareholders who do not provide the Fund with a correct taxpayer identification number. Withholding at that rate also is required from dividends and other distributions otherwise payable to those shareholders who are subject to backup withholding for any other reason.
 
Dividends the Fund pays to a foreign shareholder, other than (1) dividends paid to a foreign shareholder whose ownership of shares is effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business the shareholder carries on and (2) capital gain distributions paid to a nonresident alien individual who is physically present in the United States for no more than 182 days during the taxable year, generally will be subject to a federal withholding tax of 30% (or lower treaty rate).  Two categories of dividends, however, “short-term capital gain dividends” and “interest-related dividends,” will be exempt from that tax.  “Short-term capital gain dividends” are dividends that are attributable to net short-term capital gain, computed with certain adjustments.  “Interest-related dividends” are dividends that are attributable to “qualified net interest income” (“qualified interest income” less allocable deductions), which generally consists of certain OID, interest on obligations “in registered form,” and interest on deposits.  The exemption from withholding tax will apply to short-term capital gain dividends and interest-related dividends the
 
 
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Fund pays to foreign investors, with certain exceptions, with respect to the Fund’s taxable year beginning before January 1, 2012 (i.e., its current taxable year).
 
As described in “Maintaining Your Account” in the Prospectus, the Fund may close a shareholder’s account and redeem the remaining shares if the account balance falls below the specified minimum and the shareholder fails to re-establish the minimum balance after being given the opportunity to do so. If an account that is closed pursuant to the foregoing was maintained for an IRA (including a Roth IRA) or a qualified retirement plan (including a simplified employee pension plan, savings incentive match plan for employees, Keogh plan, corporate profit-sharing and money purchase pension plan, Code section 401(k) plan, and Code section 403(b)(7) account), the Fund’s payment of the redemption proceeds may result in adverse tax consequences for the accountholder. Shareholders should consult their tax advisers regarding any such consequences.
 
Pursuant to legislation passed by Congress in 2008, the Fund shareholder who wants to use the average cost method for determining basis with respect to Fund shares he or she acquires after December 31, 2011 (“Covered Shares”), must elect to do so in writing (which may be electronic).  If a shareholder of the Fund fails to affirmatively elect a basis determination method, the basis determination will be made in accordance with the Fund’s default method, which will be average cost.  If, however, the Fund shareholder wishes to use a different acceptable method for basis determination (e.g., a specific identification method), the shareholder may elect to do so.  The basis method the Fund shareholder elects (or the default method) may not be changed with respect to a redemption of Covered Shares after the settlement date of the redemption.
 
That 2008 legislation also requires that, in addition to the current requirement to report the gross proceeds from the redemption of shares, the Fund (or its administrative agent) must report to the Service and furnish to its shareholders the basis information for Covered Shares and indicate whether they had a short-term (one year or less) or long-term (more than one year) holding period.  Fund shareholders should consult with their tax advisors to determine the best Service-accepted basis method for their tax situation and to obtain more information about how the basis reporting law will apply to them.
 
 
FUND TRANSACTIONS
 
NB Management and NBAIM
 
Orders for the purchase or sale of portfolio securities are placed on behalf of the Fund by NB Management, the Adviser, or the Subadviser pursuant to the terms of the applicable advisory agreement. In effecting securities transactions, the Fund seeks to obtain the best price and execution of orders.  Affiliates of NB Management may act as a broker for the Fund in the purchase and sale of their portfolio securities (other than certain securities traded on the OTC market) where such a broker is capable of providing best execution (“Affiliated Brokers”).For Fund transactions which involve securities traded on the OTC market; the Fund purchases and sells OTC securities in principal transactions with dealers who are the principal market makers for such securities.
 
The Fund has not commenced operations as of the date of this SAI.  Accordingly, the Fund has no brokerage data to report.
 
 
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Commission rates, being a component of price, are considered along with other relevant factors in evaluating best price and execution. In selecting a broker to execute Fund transactions other than an Affiliated Broker, as defined below, NB Management, the Adviser and each Subadviser generally consider the quality and reliability of brokerage services, including execution capability, speed of execution, overall performance, and financial responsibility, and may consider, among other factors, research and other investment information or services ("research services") provided by those brokers as well as any expense offset arrangements offered by the brokers.
 
The Fund may use an Affiliated Broker where, in the judgment of the Manager, that firm is able to obtain a price and execution at least as favorable as other qualified brokers. To the Fund’s knowledge, no affiliate of any Fund receives give-ups or reciprocal business in connection with its securities transactions.
 
The use of an Affiliated Broker for the Fund is subject to the requirements of Section 11(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. Section 11(a) prohibits members of national securities exchanges from retaining compensation for executing exchange transactions for accounts which they or their affiliates manage, except where they have the authorization of the persons authorized to transact business for the account and comply with certain annual reporting requirements. Before an Affiliated Broker is used, the Trust and the Manager expressly authorize the Affiliated Broker to retain such compensation, and the Affiliate Broker would have to agree to comply with the reporting requirements of Section 11(a).
 
Under the 1940 Act, commissions paid by the Fund to an Affiliated Broker in connection with a purchase or sale of securities on a securities exchange may not exceed the usual and customary broker’s commission. Accordingly, it is the Fund’s policy that the commissions paid an Affiliated Broker must be (1) at least as favorable as commissions contemporaneously charged by the Affiliated Broker on comparable transactions for its most favored unaffiliated customers, except for accounts for which the Affiliated Broker acts as a clearing broker for another brokerage firm and customers of the Affiliated Broker considered by a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees not to be comparable to the Fund and (2) at least as favorable as those charged by other brokers having comparable execution capability in NB Management’s judgment. The Fund does not deem it practicable and in its best interests to solicit competitive bids for commissions on each transaction effected by an Affiliated Broker. However, consideration regularly will be given to information concerning the prevailing level of commissions charged by other brokers on comparable transactions during comparable periods of time. The 1940 Act generally prohibits an Affiliated Broker from acting as principal in the purchase of portfolio securities from, or the sale of portfolio securities to, the Fund unless an appropriate exemption is available.
 
A committee of Independent Fund Trustees from time to time will review, among other things, information relating to the commissions charged by an Affiliated Broker to the Fund and to its other customers and information concerning the prevailing level of commissions charged by other brokers having comparable execution capability. In addition, the procedures pursuant to which an Affiliated Broker determines that the commissions paid to the Affiliated Broker by the Fund are fair and reasonable must be reviewed and approved no less often than annually by a majority of the Independent Fund Trustees.
 
To ensure that accounts of all investment clients, including the Fund, are treated fairly in the event that an Affiliated Broker receives transaction instructions regarding the same security for more than one investment account at or about the same time, the Affiliated Broker may combine orders placed on behalf of clients, including advisory accounts in which affiliated persons have an investment interest, for the purpose of negotiating brokerage commissions or obtaining a more favorable price. Where appropriate, securities purchased or sold may be allocated, in terms of amount, to a client according to the proportion that the size of the order
 
 
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placed by that account bears to the aggregate size of orders contemporaneously placed by the other accounts, subject to de minimis exceptions. All participating accounts will pay or receive the same price when orders are combined.
 
Under policies adopted by the Board of Trustees, an Affiliated Broker may enter into agency cross-trades on behalf of the Fund. An agency cross-trade is a securities transaction in which the same broker acts as agent on both sides of the trade and the broker or an affiliate has discretion over one of the participating accounts. In this situation, the Affiliated Broker would receive brokerage commissions from both participants in the trade. The other account participating in an agency cross-trade with the Fund cannot be an account over which the Affiliated Broker exercises investment discretion. A member of the Board of Trustees who will not be affiliated with the Affiliated Broker will review information about each agency cross-trade that the Fund participates in.
 
A committee comprised of officers of NB Management and/or employees of the Manager who are Portfolio Managers of the Fund and Other NB Funds (collectively, “NB Funds”) and some of the Manager’s managed accounts (“Managed Accounts”) periodically evaluates throughout the year the nature and quality of the brokerage and research services provided by other brokers. Based on this evaluation, the committee establishes a list and projected rankings of preferred brokers for use in determining the relative amounts of commissions to be allocated to those brokers. Ordinarily, the brokers on the list effect a large portion of the brokerage transactions for the NB Funds and the Managed Accounts. However, in any semi-annual period, brokers not on the list may be used, and the relative amounts of brokerage commissions paid to the brokers on the list may vary substantially from the projected rankings. These variations reflect the following factors, among others: (1) brokers not on the list or ranking below other brokers on the list may be selected for particular transactions because they provide better price and/or execution, which is the primary consideration in allocating brokerage; (2) adjustments may be required because of periodic changes in the execution capabilities of or research services provided by particular brokers or in the execution or research needs of the NB Funds and/or the Managed Accounts; and (3) the aggregate amount of brokerage commissions generated by transactions for the NB Funds and the Managed Accounts may change substantially from one semi-annual period to the next.
 
The commissions paid to a broker other than an Affiliated Broker may be higher than the amount another firm might charge if the Manager determines in good faith that the amount of those commissions is reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by the broker. The Manager believes that those research services benefit the Fund by supplementing the information otherwise available to the Manager. Those research services may also be used by the Manager in servicing other clients.  On the other hand, research services received by the Manager from brokers effecting
 
 
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portfolio transactions on behalf of its other clients may be used for the Fund’s benefit.
 
In certain instances, the Manager may specifically allocate brokerage for research services (including research reports on issuers, industries as well as economic and financial data) which may otherwise be purchased for cash. While the receipt of such research services has not reduced the Manager’s normal internal research activities, the Manager’s expenses could be materially increased if it were to generate such additional information internally. To the extent such research services are provided by others, the Manager is relieved of expenses it may otherwise incur. In some cases research services are generated by third parties but provided to the Manager by or through broker dealers. Research obtained in this manner may be used in servicing any or all clients of the Manager and may be used in connection with clients other than those client’s whose brokerage commissions are used to acquire the research services described herein. With regard to allocation of brokerage to acquire research services described above, the Manager always considers its best execution obligation when deciding which broker to utilize.
 
Insofar as Fund transactions result from active management of equity securities, and insofar as Fund transactions result from seeking capital appreciation by selling securities whenever sales are deemed advisable without regard to the length of time the securities may have been held, it may be expected that the aggregate brokerage commissions paid by the Fund to brokers (including to Affiliated Brokers) may be greater than if securities were selected solely on a long-term basis.
 
The Fund may, from time to time, loan portfolio securities to broker-dealers affiliated with NB Management (“Affiliated Borrowers”) in accordance with the terms and conditions of an order issued by the SEC. The order exempts such transactions from the provisions of the 1940 Act that would otherwise prohibit these transactions, subject to certain conditions. In accordance with the order, securities loans made by the Fund to Affiliated Borrowers are fully secured by cash collateral. Each loan to an Affiliated Borrower by the Fund will be made on terms at least as favorable to the Fund as comparable loans to unaffiliated borrowers, and no loans will be made to an Affiliated Borrower unless the Affiliated Borrower represents that the terms are at least as favorable to the Fund as those it provides to unaffiliated lenders in comparable transactions. All affiliated loans will be made with spreads that are not lower than those provided for in a schedule of spreads established by the Independent Fund Trustees. The schedule of spreads will set the lowest spread that can apply with respect to a loan and will permit the spread for each individual loan to be adjusted to cover costs and realize net income for the Fund. All transactions with Affiliated Borrowers will be reviewed periodically by officers of the Trust and reported to the Board of Trustees.
 
 
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Expense Offset Arrangement
 
The Fund will enter into an expense offset arrangement in connection with its custodian contract.
 
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Portfolio Turnover
 
The Fund’s portfolio turnover rate is calculated by dividing (1) the lesser of the cost of the securities purchased or the proceeds from the securities sold by the Fund during the fiscal year (other than securities, including options, whose maturity or expiration date at the time of acquisition was one year or less) by (2) the month-end average of the value of such securities owned by the Fund during the fiscal year.
 
Proxy Voting
 
NB Management and NBAIM
 
The Board of Trustees has delegated to NB Management, the Adviser, and the Subadvisers the responsibility to vote proxies related to the securities held in the Fund’s portfolio, as appropriate. Under this authority, NB Management, the Adviser, and the Subadvisers are required by the Board of Trustees to vote proxies related to portfolio securities in the best interests of the Fund and its shareholders. The Board of Trustees permits NB Management, the Adviser, and the Subadvisers to contract with a third party to obtain proxy voting and related services, including research of current issues.
 
NB Management has implemented written Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures (“Proxy Voting Policy”) that are designed to reasonably ensure that NB Management votes proxies prudently and in the best interest of its advisory clients for whom NB Management has voting authority, including the Fund. The Proxy Voting Policy also describes how NB Management addresses any conflicts that may arise between its interests and those of its clients with respect to proxy voting.
 
NB Management’s Proxy Committee is responsible for developing, authorizing, implementing and updating the Proxy Voting Policy, overseeing the proxy voting process and engaging and overseeing any independent third-party vendors as voting delegate to review, monitor and/or vote proxies. In order to apply the Proxy Voting Policy noted above in a timely and consistent manner, NB Management utilizes Glass, Lewis & Co. (“Glass Lewis” ) to vote proxies in accordance with NB Management’s voting guidelines.
 
NB Management’s guidelines adopt the voting recommendations of Glass Lewis. NB Management retains final authority and fiduciary responsibility for proxy voting. NB Management believes that this process is reasonably designed to address material conflicts of interest that may arise between NB Management and a client as to how proxies are voted.
 
In the event that an investment professional at NB Management believes that it is in the best interests of a client or clients to vote proxies in a manner inconsistent with NB Management’s proxy voting guidelines or in a manner inconsistent with Glass Lewis recommendations, the Proxy Committee will review information submitted by the investment professional to determine that there is no material conflict of interest between NB Management and the client with respect to the voting of the proxy in that manner.
 
If the Proxy Committee determines that the voting of a proxy as recommended by the investment professional presents a material conflict of interest between NB Management and the client or clients with respect to the voting of the proxy, the Proxy Committee shall: (i) take no
 
 
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further action, in which case Glass Lewis shall vote such proxy in accordance with the proxy voting guidelines or as Glass Lewis recommends; (ii) disclose such conflict to the client or clients and obtain written direction from the client as to how to vote the proxy; (iii) suggest that the client or clients engage another party to determine how to vote the proxy; or (iv) engage another independent third party to determine how to vote the proxy.
 
The Fund has delegated authority to vote proxies to each Subadviser for the Fund's portfolio securities allocated to such Subadviser in accordance with their respective proxy voting policies and procedures.  For the proxy voting policy of each Subadviser, please see Appendix B.
 
Information regarding how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent 12-month period ended June 30 is available, without charge, by calling 1-800-877-9700 (toll-free) or visiting www.nb.com or the website of the SEC, www.sec.gov .
 
 
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS DISCLOSURE
 
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Policy
 
The Fund prohibits the disclosure of information about its portfolio holdings, before such information is publicly disclosed, to any outside parties, including individual investors, institutional investors, intermediaries, third party service providers to NB Management or the Fund, rating and ranking organizations, and affiliated persons of the Fund or NB Management (the “Potential Recipients”) unless such disclosure is consistent with the Fund’s legitimate business purposes and is in the best interests of its shareholders (the “Best Interests Standard”).
 
NB Management and the Fund have determined that the only categories of Potential Recipients that meet the Best Interests Standard are certain mutual fund rating and ranking organizations and third party service providers to NB Management or the Fund with a specific business reason to know the portfolio holdings of the Fund (e.g., securities lending agents) (the “Allowable Recipients”). As such, certain procedures must be adhered to before the Allowable Recipients may receive the portfolio holdings prior to their being made public. Allowable Recipients that get approved for receipt of the portfolio holdings are known as “Approved Recipients.” NB Management may determine to expand the categories of Allowable Recipients only if it is determined that the Best Interests Standard has been met and only with the written concurrence of NB Management’s legal and compliance department.
 
Portfolio Holdings Disclosure Procedures
 
Disclosure of portfolio holdings may be requested by completing and submitting a holdings disclosure form to NB Management’s legal and compliance department or to the Chief Compliance Officer of NB Management for review, approval and processing.
 
Neither the Fund, NB Management nor any affiliate of either may receive any compensation or consideration for the disclosure of portfolio holdings, although usual and customary compensation may be paid in connection with a service delivered, such as securities lending. Each Allowable Recipient must sign a non-disclosure agreement before they may become an Approved Recipient. Pursuant to a duty of confidentiality set forth in the non-disclosure agreement, Allowable Recipients are (1) required to keep all portfolio holdings information confidential and (2) prohibited from trading based on such information. The Chief
 
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Compliance Officer shall report any material issues that may arise under these policies to the Board of Trustees.
 
Pursuant to a Code of Ethics adopted by the Fund, NB Management and NBAIM (“NB Code”), Investment Personnel, Access Persons and employees of each are prohibited from revealing information relating to current or anticipated investment intentions, portfolio holdings, portfolio transactions or activities of the Fund except to persons whose responsibilities are determined to require knowledge of the information in accordance with procedures established by the Legal and Compliance Department in the best interests of the Fund’s shareholders.  The NB Code also prohibits any person associated with the Fund, NB Management or NBAIM, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such person of a security held or to be acquired by the Fund from engaging in any transaction in a security while in possession of material nonpublic information regarding the security or the issuer of the security.
 
Portfolio Holdings Approved Recipients
 
The Fund currently has ongoing arrangements to disclose portfolio holdings information prior to their being made public with the following Approved Recipients:
 
State Street Bank and Trust Company (“State Street”) . The Fund has selected State Street as custodian for its securities and cash. Pursuant to a custodian contract, the Fund employs State Street as the custodian of its assets.  As custodian, State Street creates and maintains all records relating to the Fund’s activities and supplies the Fund with a daily tabulation of the securities it owns and that are held by State Street. Pursuant to such contract, State Street agrees that all books, records, information and data pertaining to the business of the Fund which are exchanged or received pursuant to the contract shall remain confidential, shall not be voluntarily disclosed to any other person, except as may be required by law, and shall not be used by State Street for any purpose not directly related to the business of any Fund, except with such Fund’s written consent. State Street receives reasonable compensation for its services and expenses as custodian.
 
Securities Lending Agent .  The Fund may enter into a securities lending agreement with State Street under which State Street acts as a principal borrower or agent to lend securities to entities on State Street’s approved list of borrowers, which includes State Street and its affiliates.  The Fund also may enter into securities lending agreements with other entities under which the Fund loans securities to a counterparty acting as a principal borrower or a lending agent.  Those principal borrowers or agents may receive the Fund’s portfolio holdings daily.  The such principal borrower that receives such information is or will be subject to an agreement that all financial, statistical, personal, technical and other data and information related to the Fund’s operations that is designated by the Fund as confidential will be protected from unauthorized use and disclosure by the principal borrower.  The Fund may pay a fee for agency and/or administrative services related to its role as lending agent.  The Fund also pays the principal borrowers a fee with respect to the cash collateral that it receives and retains the income earned on reinvestment of that cash collateral.
 
Other Third-Party Service Providers to the Fund .  The Fund may also disclose portfolio holdings information prior to their being made public to their independent registered public
 
 
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accounting firms, legal counsel, financial printers, proxy voting firms and other third-party service providers to the Fund who require access to this information to fulfill their duties to the Fund.
 
In addition, the Fund may disclose portfolio holdings information to third parties that calculate information derived from holdings for use by NB Management and/or NBAIM.  Currently, the Fund provides its complete portfolio holdings to FactSet Research Systems Inc. (“FactSet”) each day for this purpose.  FactSet receives reasonable compensation for its services.
 
The Fund may also, from time to time, disclose portfolio holdings information to a proxy solicitation service, Glass Lewis, or to a corporate action service provider, ISS, although they typically receive holdings information after that information is already public.
 
In all cases the third-party service provider receiving the information has agreed in writing (or is otherwise required by professional and/or written confidentiality requirements or fiduciary duty) to keep the information confidential, to use it only for the agreed-upon purpose(s) and not to trade securities on the basis of such information.
 
Rating, Ranking and Research Agencies .  The Fund sends its complete portfolio holdings information to the following rating, ranking and research agencies for the purpose of having such agency develop a rating, ranking or specific research product for the Fund.  The Fund provides its complete portfolio holdings to: Vestek each day, Lipper, a Reuters company, on the sixth business day of each month, Bloomberg and Morningstar on the sixth business day of each month, with a one month delay (but if the Fund posts its holdings quarterly, it provides its holdings on a quarterly basis) and RiskMetrics on the sixth business day of each month (holdings that are sent are on a two-month delay).  The Fund also provides its complete month-end portfolio holdings to Data Communiqué International (“DCI”), a company that provides automated data publishing, printing, and distribution technologies to financial services companies, on the first business day of each following month so that DCI can create a list of the Fund’s top 10 holdings.  No compensation is received by any Fund, NB Management, NBAIM or any other person in connection with the disclosure of this information.  NB Management either has or expects to enter shortly into a written confidentiality agreement, with each rating, ranking or research agency in which the agency agrees or will agree to keep the Fund’s portfolio holdings confidential and to use such information only in connection with developing a rating, ranking or research product for the Fund.
 
 
REPORTS TO SHAREHOLDERS
 
Shareholders of the Fund receive unaudited semi-annual financial statements, as well as year-end financial statements audited by the respective independent registered public accounting firms for the Fund. The Fund’s statements show the investments owned by it and the market values thereof and provide other information about the Fund and its operations.
 
 
ORGANIZATION, CAPITALIZATION AND OTHER MATTERS
 
The Fund is a separate ongoing series of the Trust, a Delaware statutory trust organized pursuant to an amended and restated Trust Instrument dated as of October 14, 2010. The Trust is
 
 
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registered under the 1940 Act as a diversified, open-end management investment company, commonly known as a mutual fund. The Trust has four separate operating series (including the Fund).  The Fund Trustees may establish additional series or classes of shares without the approval of shareholders. The assets of each series belong only to that series, and the liabilities of each series are borne solely by that series and no other.
 
Description of Shares .  The Fund is authorized to issue an unlimited number of shares of beneficial interest (par value $0.001 per share). Shares of the Fund represent equal proportionate interests in the assets of the Fund only and have identical voting, dividend, redemption, liquidation, and other rights except that expenses allocated to a Class may be borne solely by such Class as determined by the Fund Trustees and a Class may have exclusive voting rights with respect to matters affecting only that Class. All shares issued are fully paid and non-assessable, and shareholders have no preemptive or other rights to subscribe to any additional shares.
 
Shareholder Meetings .  The Fund Trustees do not intend to hold annual meetings of shareholders of the Fund. The Fund Trustees will call special meetings of shareholders of the Fund or Class only if required under the 1940 Act or in their discretion or upon the written request of holders of 10% or more of the outstanding shares of the Fund entitled to vote at the meeting.
 
Certain Provisions of Trust Instrument .  Under Delaware law, the shareholders of the Fund will not be personally liable for the obligations of the Fund; a shareholder is entitled to the same limitation of personal liability extended to shareholders of a Delaware corporation. To guard against the risk that Delaware law might not be applied in other states, the Trust Instrument requires that every written obligation of the Trust or the Fund contain a statement that such obligation may be enforced only against the assets of the Trust or Fund and provides for indemnification out of Trust or Fund property of any shareholder nevertheless held personally liable for Trust or Fund obligations, respectively, merely on the basis of being a shareholder.
 
Other.   Because Institutional Class, Class A and Class C shares for the Fund may be bought, owned and sold through an account with an Institution, a client of an Institution may be unable to purchase additional shares and/or may be required to redeem shares (and possibly incur a tax liability) if the client no longer has a relationship with the Institution or if the Institution no longer has a contract with NB Management to perform services. Depending on the policies of the Institution involved, an investor may be able to transfer an account from one Institution to another.
 
 
CUSTODIAN AND TRANSFER AGENT
 
The Fund has selected State Street, 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, MA 02111, as custodian for its securities and cash. State Street also serves as the Fund’s transfer and shareholder servicing agent, administering purchases, redemptions, and transfers of Fund shares and the payment of dividends and other distributions through its Boston Service Center. All correspondence should be mailed to Neuberger Berman Funds, Institutional Services, 605 Third Avenue, 2 nd Floor, New York, NY 10158-0180.
 
 
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INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
 
The Fund has selected, as the [                  ] independent registered public accounting firm that will audit its financial statements.
 
 
LEGAL COUNSEL
 
The Trust has selected K&L Gates LLP, 1601 K Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20006-1600, as its legal counsel.
 
 
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
 
The Fund has not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and therefore had no beneficial and record owners of more than five percent of the Fund’s shares.
 
 
REGISTRATION STATEMENT
 
This SAI and the Prospectus do not contain all the information included in the Trust’s registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectuses. The registration statement, including the exhibits filed therewith, may be examined at the SEC’s offices in Washington, D.C. The SEC maintains a Website (http://www.sec.gov) that contains this SAI, material incorporated by reference, and other information regarding the Fund.
 
Statements contained in this SAI and in the Prospectus as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete. In each instance where reference is made to the copy of any contract or other document a copy of which is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement, each such statement is qualified in all respects by such reference.
 
 
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
 
The Fund has not yet commenced operations as of the date of this SAI and therefore had no financial statements.
 
 
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Appendix A

Long-Term and Short-Term Debt Securities Rating Descriptions
 
Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) Corporate Long-Term Issue Ratings :
 
The following descriptions of S&P’s long-term issue ratings have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Service LLC.

AAA – An obligation rated ‘AAA’ has the highest rating assigned by S&P. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is extremely strong.

AA – An obligation rated ‘AA’ differs from the highest-rated obligations only to a small degree. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is very strong.
A – An obligation rated ‘A’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher-rated categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is still strong.
BBB – An obligation rated ‘BBB’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.

BB, B, CCC, CC, and C – Obligations rated ‘BB’, ‘B’, ‘CCC’, ‘CC’, and ‘C’ are regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. ‘BB’ indicates the least degree of speculation and ‘C’ the highest. While such obligations will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these may be outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB – An obligation rated ‘BB’ is less vulnerable to nonpayment than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
B – An obligation rated ‘B’ is more vulnerable to nonpayment than obligations rated ‘BB’, but the obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will likely impair the obligor’s capacity or willingness to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CCC – An obligation rated ‘CCC’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, the obligor is not likely to have the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
CC – An obligation rated ‘CC’ is currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment.

 
 
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C – A ‘C’ rating is assigned to obligations that are currently highly vulnerable to nonpayment, obligations that have payment arrearages allowed by the terms of the documents, or obligations of an issuer that is the subject of a bankruptcy petition or similar action which have not experienced a payment default. Among others, the ‘C’ rating may be assigned to subordinated debt, preferred stock or other obligations on which cash payments have been suspended in accordance with the instrument’s terms or when preferred stock is the subject of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
D – An obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless Standard & Poor’s believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized. An obligation’s rating is lowered to ‘D’ upon completion of a distressed exchange offer, whereby some or all of the issue is either repurchased for an amount of cash or replaced by other instruments having a total value that is less than par.
Plus (+) or Minus (-) – The ratings from ‘AA’ to ‘CCC’ may be modified by the addition of a plus (+) or minus (-) sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
NR – This indicates that no rating has been requested, that there is insufficient information on which to base a rating, or that Standard & Poor’s does not rate a particular obligation as a matter of policy.

Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.’s (“Moody’s”) Long-Term Obligation Ratings :
 
The following descriptions of Moody’s long-term obligation ratings have been published by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
 
 
Aaa – Obligations rated Aaa are judged to be of the highest quality, with minimal credit risk.
 
 
Aa – Obligations rated Aa are judged to be of high quality and are subject to very low credit risk.
 
 
A – Obligations rated A are considered upper-medium grade and are subject to low credit risk.
 
 
Baa – Obligations rated Baa are subject to moderate credit risk. They are considered medium-grade and as such may possess certain speculative characteristics.
 
 
Ba – Obligations rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements and are subject to substantial credit risk.
 
 
B – Obligations rated B are considered speculative and are subject to high credit risk.
 
 
Caa – Obligations rated Caa are judged to be of poor standing and are subject to very high credit risk.
 

 
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Ca – Obligations rated Ca are highly speculative and are likely in, or very near, default, with some prospect of recovery of principal and interest.
 
 
C – Obligations rated C are the lowest rated class and are typically in default, with little prospect for recovery of principal or interest.
 
 
Modifiers: Moody’s appends numerical modifiers 1, 2, and 3 to each generic rating classification from Aa through Caa. The modifier 1 indicates that the obligation ranks in the higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates a ranking in the lower end of that generic rating category.
 
Fitch Ratings’ (“Fitch”) Corporate Finance Obligations – Long-Term Ratings :
 
The following descriptions of Fitch’s long-term corporate finance obligation ratings have been published by Fitch, Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
 
AAA – Highest credit quality. ‘ AAA ’ ratings denote the lowest expectation of credit risk. They are assigned only in cases of exceptionally strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is highly unlikely to be adversely affected by foreseeable events.
 
AA – Very high credit quality. ‘ AA ’ ratings denote expectations of very low credit risk. They indicate very strong capacity for payment of financial commitments. This capacity is not significantly vulnerable to foreseeable events.
 
A – High credit quality. ‘ A ’ ratings denote expectations of low credit risk. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered strong. This capacity may, nevertheless, be more vulnerable to adverse business or economic conditions than is the case for higher ratings.
 
BBB – Good credit quality.   BBB ’ ratings indicate that expectations of credit risk are currently low. The capacity for payment of financial commitments is considered adequate but adverse business or economic conditions are more likely to impair this capacity.
 
BB – Speculative. ‘ BB ’ ratings indicate an elevated vulnerability to credit risk, particularly in the event of adverse changes in business or economic conditions over time; however, business or financial alternatives may be available to allow financial commitments to be met.
 
B – Highly speculative. ‘ B ’ ratings indicate that material credit risk is present.  For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with the issuer being rated with an Issuer Default Risk (“IDR”) in the ranges ‘BB’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur.  For issuers with an IDR above ‘B’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur.  For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have extremely high recovery rates consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR1’ (outstanding recovery prospects given default).
 
CCC – Substantial credit risk. ‘ CCC ’ ratings indicate that substantial credit risk is present. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’.  For issuers with an IDR below ‘CCC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the

 
A-3

 

expected level of recoveries should a default occur.  For issuers with an IDR above ‘CCC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a superior recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR2’ (superior recovery prospects given default).

CC – Very high levels of credit risk. ‘ CC ’ ratings indicate very high levels of credit risk.  For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. For issuers with an IDR below ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is moderated by the expected level of recoveries should a default occur.  For issuers with an IDR above ‘CC’, the overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur.  For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, but the rated obligation is expected to have a good recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR3’ (good recovery prospects given default).

C – Exceptionally high levels of credit risk. ‘ C ’ indicates exceptionally high levels of credit risk. For performing obligations, default risk is commensurate with an IDR in the ranges ‘B’ to ‘C’. The overall credit risk of this obligation is exacerbated by the expected low level of recoveries should a default occur. For non-performing obligations, the obligation or issuer is in default, or has deferred payment, and the rated obligation is expected to have an average, below-average or poor recovery rate consistent with a Recovery Rating of ‘RR4’ (average recovery prospects given default), ‘RR5’ (below average recovery prospects given default) or ‘RR6’ (poor recovery prospects given default).

Defaulted obligations typically are not assigned ‘D’ ratings, but are instead rated in the ‘B’ to ‘C’ rating categories, depending upon their recovery prospects and other relevant characteristics. This approach better aligns obligations that have comparable overall expected loss but varying vulnerability to default and loss.
 
Plus (+) or Minus (-) The modifiers “+” or “-” may be appended to a rating to denote relative status within major rating categories. Such suffixes are not added to the ‘AAA’ obligation rating category, or to corporate finance obligation ratings in the categories below ‘B’.

emr – The subscript ‘emr’ is appended to a rating to denote embedded market risk which is beyond the scope of the rating. The designation is intended to make clear that the rating solely addresses the counterparty risk of the issuing bank. It is not meant to indicate any limitation in the analysis of the counterparty risk, which in all other respects follows published Fitch criteria for analyzing the issuing financial institution. Fitch does not rate these instruments where the principal is to any degree subject to market risk.


 

 
DBRS’ Long Term Obligations :
 
 
A-4

 

The following descriptions of DBRS’ long-term obligation ratings have been published by Dominion Bond Rating Service.
 
AAA – Highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is exceptionally high and unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
 
AA – Superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered high.  Credit quality differs from AAA only to a small degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
 
A – Good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is substantial, but of lesser credit quality than AA. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
 
BBB – Adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is considered acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
 
BB – Speculative, non investment-grade credit quality. The capacity for the payment of financial obligations is uncertain. Vulnerable to future events.
 
B – Highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet financial obligations.
 
CCC, CC, C – Very highly speculative credit quality. In danger of defaulting on financial obligations. There is little difference between these three categories, although CC and C ratings are normally applied to obligations that are seen as highly likely to default, or subordinated to obligations rated in the CCC to B range. Obligations in respect of which default has not technically taken place but is considered inevitable may be rated in the C category.
 
D – A financial obligation has not been met or it is clear that a financial obligation will not be met in the near future or a debt instrument has been subject to a distressed exchange. A downgrade to D may not immediately follow an insolvency or restructuring filing as grace periods or extenuating circumstances may exist.
 
High or Low – Each rating category is denoted by the subcategories “high” and “low”. The absence of either a “high” or “low” designation indicates the rating is in the “middle” of the category. The AAA and D categories do not utilize “high”, “middle”, and “low” as differential grades.
 
S&P’s Short-Term Issue Credit Ratings :
 
The following descriptions of S&P’s short-term issue credit ratings have been published by Standard & Poor’s Financial Service LLC.

A-1 – A short-term obligation rated ‘A-1’ is rated in the highest category by Standard & Poor’s. The obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is strong. Within this category, certain obligations are designated with a plus sign (+). This indicates that the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on these obligations is extremely strong.
 
 
A-5

 

A-2 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-2’ is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than obligations in higher rating categories. However, the obligor’s capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation is satisfactory.
 
A-3 - A short-term obligation rated ‘A-3’ exhibits adequate protection parameters. However, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity of the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
B - A short-term obligation rated ‘B’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics. Ratings of ‘B-1’, ‘B-2’, and ‘B-3’ may be assigned to indicate finer distinctions within the ‘B’ category. The obligor currently has the capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation; however, it faces major ongoing uncertainties which could lead to the obligor’s inadequate capacity to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
B-1 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-1’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, but the obligor has a relatively stronger capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
B-2 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-2’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has an average speculative-grade capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
B-3 - A short-term obligation rated ‘B-3’ is regarded as having significant speculative characteristics, and the obligor has a relatively weaker capacity to meet its financial commitments over the short-term compared to other speculative-grade obligors.
 
C - A short-term obligation rated ‘C’ is currently vulnerable to nonpayment and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions for the obligor to meet its financial commitment on the obligation.
 
D - A short-term obligation rated ‘D’ is in payment default. The ‘D’ rating category is used when payments on an obligation, including a regulatory capital instrument, are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The ‘D’ rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition or the taking of a similar action if payments on an obligation are jeopardized.
 
Dual Ratings S&P assigns “dual” ratings to all debt issues that have a put option or demand feature as part of their structure. The first rating addresses the likelihood of repayment of principal and interest as due, and the second rating addresses only the demand feature. The long-term rating symbols are used for bonds to denote the long-term maturity and the short-term rating symbols for the put option (for example, ‘AAA/A-1+’). With U.S. municipal short-term demand debt, note rating symbols are used with the short-term issue credit rating symbols (for example, ‘SP-1+/A-1+’).

 
A-6

 

Moody’s Short-Term Obligation Ratings :
 
The following descriptions of Moody’s short-term obligation ratings have been published by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc.
 
P-1 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-1 have a superior ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
P-2 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-2 have a strong ability to repay short-term debt obligations.
 
P-3 - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Prime-3 have an acceptable ability to repay short-term obligations.
 
NP - Issuers (or supporting institutions) rated Not Prime do not fall within any of the Prime rating categories.
 
Note: Canadian issuers rated P-1 or P-2 have their short-term ratings enhanced by the senior-most long-term rating of the issuer, its guarantor or support-provider.
 
Fitch’s Short-Term Obligation Ratings:
 
The following descriptions of Fitch’s short-term obligation ratings have been published by Fitch Inc. and Fitch Ratings Ltd. and its subsidiaries.
 
 
F1 - Highest short-term credit quality. Indicates the strongest intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments; may have an added “+” to denote any exceptionally strong credit feature.
 
 
F2 - Good short-term credit quality. Good intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments.
 
 
F3 - Fair short-term credit quality. The intrinsic capacity for timely payment of financial commitments is adequate.
 
 
B Speculative short-term credit quality. Minimal capacity for timely payment of financial commitments, plus heightened vulnerability to near term adverse changes in financial and economic conditions.
 
 
C - High short-term default risk. Default is a real possibility.
 
 
RD Restricted default. Indicates an entity that has defaulted on one or more of its financial commitments, although it continues to meet other financial obligations. Applicable to entity ratings only.
 
 
D Default. Indicates a broad-based default event for an entity, or the default of a short-term obligation.
 
DBRS Commercial Paper and Short-Term Debt Ratings:
 

 
A-7

 

The following descriptions of DBRS’s commercial paper and short-term debt ratings have been published by Dominion Bond Rating Service.
 
R-1 (high) Highest credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is exceptionally high. Unlikely to be adversely affected by future events.
 
R-1 (middle) Superior credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is very high. Differs from R-1 (high) by a relatively modest degree. Unlikely to be significantly vulnerable to future events.
 
R-1 (low) Good credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is substantial. Overall strength is not as favourable as higher rating categories. May be vulnerable to future events, but qualifying negative factors are considered manageable.
 
R-2 (high) Upper end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events.
 
R-2 (middle) Adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events or may be exposed to other factors that could reduce credit quality.
 
R-2 (low) Lower end of adequate credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is acceptable. May be vulnerable to future events. A number of challenges are present that could affect the issuer’s ability to meet such obligations.
 
R-3 Lowest end of adequate credit quality. There is a capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due. May be vulnerable to future events and the certainty of meeting such obligations could be impacted by a variety of developments.
 
R-4 Speculative credit quality. The capacity for the payment of short-term financial obligations as they fall due is uncertain.
 
R-5 Highly speculative credit quality. There is a high level of uncertainty as to the capacity to meet short-term financial obligations as they fall due.
 
D A financial obligation has not been met or it is clear that a financial obligation will not be met in the near future, or a debt instrument has been subject to a distressed exchange. A downgrade to D may not immediately follow an insolvency or restructuring filing as grace periods, other procedural considerations, or extenuating circumstance may exist.
 
 
A-8


 
 

 
 

Appendix B
The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC
Proxy Voting Policy

THE BANK OF NEW YORK MELLON CORPORATION

PROXY VOTING POLICY

1.
Scope of Policy   - This Proxy Voting Policy has been adopted by certain of the investment advisory subsidiaries of The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation (“BNY Mellon”), the investment companies advised by such subsidiaries (the “Funds”), and certain of the banking subsidiaries of BNY Mellon (BNY Mellon’s participating investment advisory and banking subsidiaries are hereinafter referred to individually as a “Subsidiary” and collectively as the “Subsidiaries”).
   
2.
Fiduciary Duty   - We recognize that an investment adviser is a fiduciary that owes its clients a duty of utmost good faith and full and fair disclosure of all material facts. We further recognize that the right to vote proxies is an asset, just as the economic investment represented by the shares is an asset. An investment adviser's duty of loyalty precludes the adviser from subrogating its clients' interests to its own. Accordingly, in voting proxies, we will seek to act solely in the best financial and economic interests of our clients, including the Funds and their shareholders, and for the exclusive benefit of pension and other employee benefit plan participants. With regard to voting proxies of foreign companies, a Subsidiary weighs the cost of voting, and potential inability to sell, the shares against the benefit of voting the shares to determine whether or not to vote.
   
3.
Long-Term Perspective   - We recognize that management of a publicly-held company may need protection from the market’s frequent focus on short-term considerations, so as to be able to concentrate on such long-term goals as productivity and development of competitive products and services.
   
4.
Limited Role of Shareholders   - We believe that a shareholder’s role in the governance of a publicly-held company is generally limited to monitoring the performance of the company and its managers and voting on matters which properly come to a shareholder vote. We will carefully review proposals that would limit shareholder control or could affect shareholder values.
   
5.
Anti-takeover Proposals   - We generally will oppose proposals that seem designed to insulate management unnecessarily from the wishes of a majority of the shareholders and that would lead to a determination of a company’s future by a minority of its shareholders. We will generally support proposals that seem to have as their primary purpose providing management with temporary or short-term insulation from outside influences so as to enable them to bargain effectively with potential suitors and otherwise achieve identified long-term goals to the extent such proposals are discrete and not bundled with other proposals.
   
6.
Social” Issues   - On questions of social responsibility where economic performance does not appear to be an issue, we will attempt to ensure that management reasonably responds to the social issues. Responsiveness will be measured by management's efforts to address the particular social issue including, where appropriate, assessment of the implications of the proposal to the ongoing operations of the company. We will pay particular attention to repeat issues where management has failed in the intervening period to take actions previously committed to.
   
 
With respect to clients having investment policies that require proxies to be cast in a certain manner on particular social responsibility issues, proposals relating to such issues will be evaluated and voted separately by the client’s portfolio manager in accordance with such policies, rather than pursuant to the procedures set forth in section 7.
   

December 2010

 
 

 


7.
Proxy Voting Process   - Every voting proposal is reviewed, categorized and analyzed in accordance with our written guidelines in effect from time to time. Our guidelines are reviewed periodically and updated as necessary to reflect new issues and any changes in our policies on specific issues. Items that can be categorized will be voted in accordance with any applicable guidelines or referred to the BNY Mellon Proxy Policy Committee (the “Committee”), if the applicable guidelines so require. Proposals, for which a guideline has not yet been established, for example, new proposals arising from emerging economic or regulatory issues, will be referred to the Committee for discussion and vote. Additionally, the Committee may elect to review any proposal where it has identified a particular issue for special scrutiny in light of new information.   The Committee will also consider specific interests and issues raised by a Subsidiary to the Committee, which interests and issues may require that a vote for an account managed by a Subsidiary be cast differently from the collective vote in order to act in the best interests of such account's beneficial owners.
   
8.
Material Conflicts of Interest   - We recognize our duty to vote proxies in the best interests of our clients. We seek to avoid material conflicts of interest through the establishment of our Committee structure, which applies detailed, pre-determined proxy voting guidelines in an objective and consistent manner across client accounts, based on internal and external research and recommendations provided by a third party vendor, and without consideration of any client relationship factors. Further, we engage a third party as an independent fiduciary to vote all proxies for BNY Mellon securities and Fund securities, and may engage an independent fiduciary to vote proxies of other issuers in our discretion.
   
9.
Securities Lending   - We seek to balance the economic benefits of engaging in lending securities against the inability to vote on proxy proposals to determine whether to recall shares, unless a plan fiduciary retains the right to direct us to recall shares.
   
10.
Recordkeeping   - We will keep, or cause our agents to keep, the records for each voting proposal required by law.
   
11.
Disclosure   - We will furnish a copy of this Proxy Voting Policy and any related procedures, or a description thereof, to investment advisory clients as required by law. In addition, we will furnish a copy of this Proxy Voting Policy, any related procedures, and our voting guidelines to investment advisory clients upon request. The Funds shall disclose their proxy voting policies and procedures and their proxy votes as required by law. We recognize that the applicable trust or account document, the applicable client agreement, the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) and certain laws may require disclosure of other information relating to proxy voting in certain circumstances. This information will only be disclosed to those who have an interest in the account for which shares are voted, and after the shareholder meeting has concluded.
   
12.
Charter   – We maintain a Charter which lists the Committee’s responsibilities and duties, membership, voting and non-voting members, quorum, meeting schedule and oversight mapping to the BNY Mellon Fiduciary Risk Management Committee.
   

 
December 2010

 
 
 

 

CRAMER ROSENTHAL MCGLYNN LLC
Proxy Voting Policy
 
In most cases, CRM clients have delegated to the Firm the authority to vote proxies relating to equity securities on their behalf. In exercising its voting obligations, CRM is guided by general fiduciary principles. It must act prudently, solely in the interest of clients, and for the purpose of providing benefits to such clients. The CRM Compliance Committee (the “Compliance Committee”) has determined that these Policies and Procedures for Proxy Voting (these "Policies") are reasonably designed to assure that CRM votes client proxies in the best interest of clients and to provide clients with information about how their proxies are voted. In addition, these Policies are designed to satisfy CRM’s obligations under Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act.
 
Proxy Voting Process
 
CRM’s policy seeks to monitor corporate actions, analyze proxy solicitation materials, and vote client proxies for stocks which are held in client accounts in a timely and appropriate manner. CRM will consider the factors that could affect the value of a Fund’s investment in its determination on a vote. CRM has identified certain significant contributors to shareholder value with respect to a number of common or routine matters that are often the subject of proxy solicitations for shareholder meetings. CRM’s proxy voting procedures address these considerations and establish a framework for its consideration of a vote that would be appropriate for a Fund. In particular, the proxy voting procedures outline principles and factors to be considered in the exercise of voting authority for proposals addressing many common or routine matters.
 
The Voting Process
 
      Review of Proxy Solicitation Materials/Independent Recommendations
 
CRM receives proxy materials through an independent third party, Institutional Shareholder Services (“ISS”). ISS provides analyses and voting recommendations based on empirical research measuring the impact of proxy issues on shareholder value. ISS’s voting recommendations cover three categories: (i) voting recommendations for social and environmental shareholder proposals; (ii) voting recommendations for “Taft-Hartley” accounts that are in the best long-term economic interest of plan participants and beneficiaries conforming to AFL-CIO voting guidelines; 1   and (iii) voting recommendations intended to generally maximize shareholder value.
 


1 CRM receives an analysis intended to protect plan assets as required by the U.S. Department of Labor and the Employees Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (“ERISA”).

 
 

 

In determining how to vote on a proxy issue, CRM will consider ISS analysis and recommendations, as well as the portfolio manager’s own knowledge of the company (including its management, operations, industry and the particular proxy issue) in rendering a decision, with the exception of separately-managed Taft-Hartley or accounts where the client specifically directs CRM to vote in a “socially responsible” manner; in these cases CRM would generally follow the particular ISS recommendations for that category.
 
ISS Standard Proxy Voting Guidelines Summary
 
The following is a summary of the ISS Standard Proxy Voting Guidelines (the “Guidelines), which form the substantive basis of CRM’s Policy on Proxy Voting. 2   As described above, CRM may diverge from the Guidelines and a related ISS recommendation on any particular proxy vote or in connection with any individual investment decision.
 
Auditors
 
Vote for proposals to ratify auditors, unless any of the following apply:
 
 
An auditor has a financial interest in or association with the company, and is therefore not independent.
 
Fees for non-audit services are excessive, or
 
There is reason to believe that the independent auditor has rendered an opinion which is neither accurate nor indicative of the company’s financial position.
     
Board of Directors
 
Voting on Director Nominees in Uncontested Elections
 
Votes on director nominees should be made on a case-by-case basis, examining: independence of the board and key board committees, attendance at board meetings, corporate governance provisions and takeover activity, long-term company performance, responsiveness to shareholder proposals, any egregious board actions, and any excessive non-audit fees or other potential auditor conflicts.
 
Classification/Declassification of the Board
 
Vote against proposals to classify the board. Vote for proposals to repeal classified boards and to elect all directors annually.
 
Independent Chairman (Separate Chairman/CEO)
 
Vote on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals requiring that the positions of chairman and CEO be held separately. Because some companies have governance structures in place that counterbalance a combined position, certain factors should be considered in determining whether
 
2 The full ISS recommendations are outlined in the ISS Proxy Guidelines, which are available to CRM clients upon request

 
 

 

the proposal warrants support. These factors include the presence of a lead director, board and committee independence, governance guidelines, company performance, and annual review by outside directors of CRO pay.
 
Majority of Independent Directors/Establishment of Committees
 
Vote for shareholder proposals asking that a majority or more of directors be independent unless the board composition already meets the proposed threshold by ISS’s definition of independence.
 
Vote for shareholder proposals asking that board audit, compensation, and/or nominating committees be composed exclusively of independent directors if they currently do not meet that standard.
 
Shareholder Rights
 
Shareholder Ability to Act by Written Consent
 
Vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to take action by written consent.
 
Vote for proposals to allow or make shareholder action by written consent.
 
Shareholder Ability to Call Special Meeting
 
Vote against proposals to restrict or prohibit shareholder ability to call special meetings.
 
Vote for proposals that remove restrictions on the right of shareholder to act independently of management.
 
Supermajority Vote Requirements
 
Vote against proposals to require a supermajority shareholder vote.
 
Vote for proposals to lower supermajority vote requirements.
 
Cumulative Voting
 
Vote against proposals to eliminate cumulating voting.
 
Vote proposals to restore or permit cumulative voting on a case-by-case basis relative to the company’s other governance provisions.
 
Confidential Voting
 
Vote for shareholder proposals requesting that corporations adopt confidential voting, use independent vote tabulators and use independent inspector of election, as long as the proposal includes a provision for proxy contents as follows: IN the case of a contested election,
 

 
 

 
 
management should be permitted to request that the dissident group honor its confidential voting policy. If the dissidents agree, the policy remains in place. If the dissidents will not agree, the confidential voting policy is waived.
 
Vote for management proposals to adopt confidential voting.
 
Proxy Contests
 
Voting for Director Nominees in Contested Elections
 
Votes in a contested election of directors must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, considering the factors that include the long-term financial performance, management’s track record, qualification of director nominees (both slates), and an evaluation of what each side is offering shareholders.
 
Reimbursing Proxy Solicitation Expenses
 
Vote case-by-case. Where ISS recommends in favor of the dissidents, ISS also recommends voting for reimbursing proxy solicitation expenses.
 
Poison Pills
 
Vote for shareholder proposals that ask a company to submit its poison pill for shareholder ratification. Review on a case-by-case basis shareholder proposals to redeem a company’s poison pill and management proposals to ratify a poison pill.
 
Mergers and Corporate Restructurings
 
Vote case-by-case on mergers and corporate restructurings based on such features as the fairness opinion, pricing, strategic rationale, and the negotiating process.
 
Reincorporation Proposals
 
Proposals to change a company’s state of incorporation should be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, giving consideration to both financial and corporate governance concerns, including the reasons for reincorporating, a comparison of the governance provisions, and a comparison of the jurisdictional laws. Vote for reincorporation when the economic factors outweigh any neutral or negative governance changes.
 
Capital Structure
 
Common Stock Authorization
 
Votes on proposals to increase the number of shares of common stock authorized for issuance are determined on a case-by-case basis using a model developed by ISS. Vote against proposals at companies with dual-class capital structures to increase the number of authorized shares of the
 
 
 

 

class of stock that has superior voting rights. Vote for proposals to approve increases beyond the allowable increase when a company’s shares are in danger of being de-listed or if a company’s ability to continue to operate as a going concern is uncertain.
 
Preferred Stock
 
Vote against proposals authorizing the creation of new classes of preferred stock with unspecified voting, conversion, dividend distribution and other rights (“blank check” preferred stock). Vote for proposals to create “declawed” blank check preferred stock (stock that cannot be used as a takeover defense).
 
Management Compensation
 
Director Compensation
 
Votes on compensation plans for directors are determined on a case-by-case basis, using a proprietary, quantitative model developed by ISS.
 
Employee, Stock Purchase Plans
 
Votes on employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
 
Shareholder Proposals regarding Executive and Director Pay
 
Generally, vote for shareholder proposals seeking additional disclosure of executive and director pay information, provided the information requested is relevant to shareholders’ needs, and would not put the company at a competitive disadvantage relative to its industry, and is not unduly burdensome to the company. Vote on a case-by-case basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long term corporate outlook.
 
Management Proposals Seeking Approval to Reprice Options
 
Votes on management proposals seeking to reprice options are evaluated on a case-by-case basis giving consideration to: historic trading patterns rationale for repricing, value-for-value exchange, options vesting, term of the options, exercise price, and participation.
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plans
 
Votes on employee stock purchase plans should be determined on a case-by-case basis.
 
Shareholder Proposals on Compensation
 
Vote on a case-by-case basis for all other shareholder proposals regarding executive and director pay, taking into account company performance, pay level versus peers, pay level versus industry, and long-term corporate outlook.
 
 
 

 
 
Social and Environmental Issues
 
These issues cover a wide range of topics, including consumer and public safety, environment and energy, general corporate issues, labor standards and human rights, military business and workplace diversity. In general, vote case-by-case. While a wide variety of factors are considered, the primary focus is on how the proposal will enhance the economic value of the company.
 
Securities on Loan
 
Securities over which CRM has voting authority in certain accounts are subject to being lent to other parties, including securities in private investment partnerships, registered mutual funds and certain other accounts. CRM has no role in the lending process; securities lending decisions are made by the custodian with the consent of and on behalf of the client. As a general matter, when a security is on “loan” as of the record date, CRM has no authority to vote, and shall not vote, a proxy for the security.
 
Clients Who Vote Their Own Proxies
 
CRM clients may retain the authority to vote their own proxies in their discretion.
 
Conflicts and Potential Conflicts of Interest
 
CRM’s proxy voting procedures establish a protocol for voting of proxies in cases in which it may have a potential conflict of interest arising from, among other things, a direct business relationship or financial interest in a company soliciting proxies. When a conflict or potential conflict has been identified, CRM will generally vote the proxy as recommended by ISS, subject to a review by the CRM Compliance Committee indicating the nature of the potential conflict of interest and how the determination of such vote was achieved.
 
Disclosure
 
CRM, in its written brochure required under Rule 204-3 (the “Form ADV”) shall describe: (i) these Policies; (ii) how a client can obtain information from CRM on how it voted the client’s proxies; and (iii) how a client can obtain a copy of these Policies and/or the ISS Proxy Voting Guidelines.
 
Recordkeeping
 
CRM shall retain the following books and records in, as appropriate, electronic or hard copy form: (i) a copy of each proxy statement received regarding client securities (which may be kept by relying on obtaining copies through the EDGAR system maintained by the Securities and Exchange Commission), (ii) a record of each vote cast on behalf of clients, (iii) internal documents created that were material to the decision on how to vote any proxies or that memorialize the basis for such a decision, including any documentation relating to decisions to
 
 
 

 

vote proxies other than in accordance with ISS recommendations, (iv) copies of written client requests for proxy voting records and of the Firm’s written responses to either a written or oral request for information on how the Firm voted proxies on behalf of the requesting client, and (v) with respect to votes cast for securities held in any registered investment company, records of CUSIP numbers.
 
Records for the CRM Mutual Fund Trust shall be recorded and maintained by the Trust.
 
The above records shall be retained in an easily accessible place for a period of at least five (5) years from the end for the fiscal year during which the last entry was made on such record, the first two years in an appropriate office of CRM
 
 
 

 
 
SECTION HH
 
The Voting of Proxies on Behalf of Clients
 
Rules 204(4)-2 and 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and Rule 30b1-4 under the Investment Company Act of 1940 require investment advisers to adopt written policies and procedures governing the voting of proxies on behalf of their clients.
 
These procedures will be used by GAMCO Asset Management Inc., Gabelli Funds, LLC, Gabelli Securities, Inc., and Teton Advisors, Inc. (collectively, the “Advisers”) to determine how to vote proxies relating to portfolio securities held by their clients, including the procedures that the Advisers use when a vote presents a conflict between the interests of the shareholders of an investment company managed by one of the Advisers, on the one hand, and those of the Advisers; the principal underwriter; or any affiliated person of the investment company, the Advisers, or the principal underwriter. These procedures will not apply where the Advisers do not have voting discretion or where the Advisers have agreed to with a client to vote the client’s proxies in accordance with specific guidelines or procedures supplied by the client (to the extent permitted by ERISA).
 
I.           Proxy Voting Committee
 
The Proxy Voting Committee was originally formed in April 1989 for the purpose of formulating guidelines and reviewing proxy statements within the parameters set by the substantive proxy voting guidelines originally published in 1988 and updated periodically, a copy of which are appended as Exhibit A. The Committee will include representatives of Research, Administration, Legal, and the Advisers. Additional or replacement members of the Committee will be nominated by the Chairman and voted upon by the entire Committee.
 
Meetings are held on an as needed basis to form views on the manner in which the Advisers should vote proxies on behalf of their clients.
 
In general, the Director of Proxy Voting Services, using the Proxy Guidelines, recommendations of Institutional Shareholder Corporate Governance Service (“ISS”), other third-party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will determine how to vote on each issue. For non-controversial matters, the Director of Proxy Voting Services may vote the proxy if the vote is: (1) consistent with the recommendations of the issuer's Board of Directors and not contrary to the Proxy Guidelines; (2) consistent with the recommendations of the issuer's Board of Directors and is a non-controversial issue not covered by the Proxy Guidelines; or (3) the vote is contrary to the recommendations of the Board of Directors but is consistent with the Proxy Guidelines. In those instances, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Chairman of the Committee may sign and date the proxy statement indicating how each issue will be voted.
 
 
1

 
 
All matters identified by the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department as controversial, taking into account the recommendations of ISS or other third party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, Inc., will be presented to the Proxy Voting Committee. If the Chairman of the Committee, the Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department has identified the matter as one that (1) is controversial; (2) would benefit from deliberation by the Proxy Voting Committee; or (3) may give rise to a conflict of interest between the Advisers and their clients, the Chairman of the Committee will initially determine what vote to recommend that the Advisers should cast and the matter will go before the Committee.
 
A.           Conflicts of Interest.
 
The Advisers have implemented these proxy voting procedures in order to prevent conflicts of interest from influencing their proxy voting decisions. By following the Proxy Guidelines, as well as the recommendations of ISS, other third-party services and the analysts of Gabelli & Company, the Advisers are able to avoid, wherever possible, the influence of potential conflicts of interest. Nevertheless, circumstances may arise in which one or more of the Advisers are faced with a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict of interest in connection with its vote. In general, a conflict of interest may arise when an Adviser knowingly does business with an issuer, and may appear to have a material conflict between its own interests and the interests of the shareholders of an investment company managed by one of the Advisers regarding how the proxy is to be voted. A conflict also may exist when an Adviser has actual knowledge of a material business arrangement between an issuer and an affiliate of the Adviser.
 
In practical terms, a conflict of interest may arise, for example, when a proxy is voted for a company that is a client of one of the Advisers, such as GAMCO Asset Management Inc. A conflict also may arise when a client of one of the Advisers has made a shareholder proposal in a proxy to be voted upon by one or more of the Advisers. The Director of Proxy Voting Services, together with the Legal Department, will scrutinize all proxies for these or other situations that may give rise to a conflict of interest with respect to the voting of proxies.
 
B.           Operation of Proxy Voting Committee
 
For matters submitted to the Committee, each member of the Committee will receive, prior to the meeting, a copy of the proxy statement, any relevant third party research, a summary of any views provided by the Chief Investment Officer and any recommendations by Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts. The Chief Investment Officer or the Gabelli & Company, Inc. analysts may be invited to present their viewpoints. If the
 
 
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Director of Proxy Voting Services or the Legal Department believe that the matter before the committee is one with respect to which a conflict of interest may exist between the Advisers and their clients, counsel will provide an opinion to the Committee concerning the conflict. If the matter is one in which the interests of the clients of one or more of the Advisers may diverge, counsel will so advise and the Committee may make different recommendations as to different clients. For any matters where the recommendation may trigger appraisal rights, counsel will provide an opinion concerning the likely risks and merits of such an appraisal action.
 
Each matter submitted to the Committee will be determined by the vote of a majority of the members present at the meeting. Should the vote concerning one or more recommendations be tied in a vote of the Committee, the Chairman of the Committee will cast the deciding vote. The Committee will notify the proxy department of its decisions and the proxies will be voted accordingly.
 
Although the Proxy Guidelines express the normal preferences for the voting of any shares not covered by a contrary investment guideline provided by the client, the Committee is not bound by the preferences set forth in the Proxy Guidelines and will review each matter on its own merits. Written minutes of all Proxy Voting Committee meetings will be maintained. The Advisers subscribe to ISS, which supplies current information on companies, matters being voted on, regulations, trends in proxy voting and information on corporate governance issues.
 
If the vote cast either by the analyst or as a result of the deliberations of the Proxy Voting Committee runs contrary to the recommendation of the Board of Directors of the issuer, the matter will be referred to legal counsel to determine whether an amendment to the most recently filed Schedule 13D is appropriate.
 
II.           Social Issues and Other Client Guidelines
 
If a client has provided special instructions relating to the voting of proxies, they should be noted in the client’s account file and forwarded to the proxy department. This is the responsibility of the investment professional or sales assistant for the client. In accordance with Department of Labor guidelines, the Advisers’ policy is to vote on behalf of ERISA accounts in the best interest of the plan participants with regard to social issues that carry an economic impact. Where an account is not governed by ERISA, the Advisers will vote shares held on behalf of the client in a manner consistent with any individual investment/voting guidelines provided by the client. Otherwise the Advisers will abstain with respect to those shares.
 
 
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III.           Client Retention of Voting Rights
 
If a client chooses to retain the right to vote proxies or if there is any change in voting authority, the following should be notified by the investment professional or sales assistant for the client.
 
 
-
Operations
 
-
Proxy Department
 
-
Investment professional assigned to the account
     
In the event that the Board of Directors (or a Committee thereof) of one or more of the investment companies managed by one of the Advisers has retained direct voting control over any security, the Proxy Voting Department will provide each Board Member (or Committee member) with a copy of the proxy statement together with any other relevant information including recommendations of ISS or other third-party services.
 
IV.           Proxies of Certain Non-U.S. Issuers
 
Proxy voting in certain countries requires “share-blocking.” Shareholders wishing to vote their proxies must deposit their shares shortly before the date of the meeting with a designated depository. During the period in which the shares are held with a depository, shares that will be voted at the meeting cannot be sold until the meeting has taken place and the shares are returned to the clients’ custodian. Absent a compelling reason to the contrary, the Advisers believe that the benefit to the client of exercising the vote is outweighed by the cost of voting and therefore, the Advisers will not typically vote the securities of non-U.S. issuers that require share-blocking.
 
In addition, voting proxies of issuers in non-US markets may also give rise to a number of administrative issues to prevent the Advisers from voting such proxies. For example, the Advisers may receive the notices for shareholder meetings without adequate time to consider the proposals in the proxy or after the cut-off date for voting. Other markets require the Advisers to provide local agents with power of attorney prior to implementing their respective voting instructions on the proxy. Although it is the Advisers’ policies to vote the proxies for its clients for which they have proxy voting authority, in the case of issuers in non-US markets, we vote client proxies on a best efforts basis.
 
V.           Voting Records
 
The Proxy Voting Department will retain a record of matters voted upon by the Advisers for their clients. The Advisers will supply information on how they voted a client’s proxy upon request from the client.
 
The complete voting records for each registered investment company (the “Fund”) that is managed by the Advisers will be filed on Form N-PX for the twelve months ended June 30th, no later than August 31st of each year. A description of the
 
 
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Fund’s proxy voting policies, procedures, and how the Fund voted proxies relating to portfolio securities is available without charge, upon request, by (i) calling 800- GABELLI (800-422-3554); (ii) writing to Gabelli Funds, LLC at One Corporate Center, Rye, NY 10580-1422; or (iii) visiting the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov . Question should we post the proxy voting records for the funds on the website.
 
The Advisers’ proxy voting records will be retained in compliance with Rule 204-2 under the Investment Advisers Act.
 
VI.           Voting Procedures
 
1. Custodian banks, outside brokerage firms and clearing firms are responsible for forwarding proxies directly to the Advisers.
 
Proxies are received in one of two forms:
 
   
Shareholder Vote Instruction Forms (“VIFs”) - Issued by Broadridge Financial Solutions, Inc. (“Broadridge”). Broadridge is an outside service contracted by the various institutions to issue proxy materials.
   
Proxy cards which may be voted directly.
     
2. Upon receipt of the proxy, the number of shares each form represents is logged into the proxy system, electronically or manually, according to security.
 
3. Upon receipt of instructions from the proxy committee (see Administrative), the votes are cast and recorded for each account on an individual basis.
 
Records have been maintained on the Proxy Edge system.
 
Proxy Edge records include:
 
 
Security Name and Cusip Number
 
Date and Type of Meeting (Annual, Special, Contest)
 
Client Name
 
Adviser or Fund Account Number
 
Directors’ Recommendation
 
How the Adviser voted for the client on item
   
4. VIFs are kept alphabetically by security. Records for the current proxy season are located in the Proxy Voting Department office. In preparation for the upcoming season, files are transferred to an offsite storage facility during January/February.
 
5. If a proxy card or VIF is received too late to be voted in the conventional matter, every attempt is made to vote including:
 
 
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When a solicitor has been retained, the solicitor is called. At the solicitor’s direction, the proxy is faxed.
   
In some circumstances VIFs can be faxed to Broadridge up until the time of the meeting.
     
6. In the case of a proxy contest, records are maintained for each opposing entity.
 
7. Voting in Person
 
a) At times it may be necessary to vote the shares in person. In this case, a “legal proxy” is obtained in the following manner:
 
 
Banks and brokerage firms using the services at Broadridge:
 
Broadridge is notified that we wish to vote in person. Broadridge issues individual legal proxies and sends them back via email or overnight (or the Adviser can pay messenger charges). A lead-time of at least two weeks prior to the meeting is needed to do this. Alternatively, the procedures detailed below for banks not using Broadridge may be implemented.
 
Banks and brokerage firms issuing proxies directly:
   
The bank is called and/or faxed and a legal proxy is requested.
 
All legal proxies should appoint:
 
“Representative of [Adviser name] with full power of substitution.”
 
b) The legal proxies are given to the person attending the meeting along with the limited power of attorney.
 

 
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Appendix A
 
Proxy Guidelines
 
PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
 
General Policy Statement
 
It is the policy of GAMCO Investors, Inc, and its affiliated advisers (collectively “the Advisers”) to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. As we state in our Magna Carta of Shareholders Rights, established in May 1988, we are neither for nor against management. We are for shareholders.
 
At our first proxy committee meeting in 1989, it was decided that each proxy statement should be evaluated on its own merits within the framework first established by our Magna Carta of Shareholders Rights. The attached guidelines serve to enhance that broad framework.
 
We do not consider any issue routine. We take into consideration all of our research on the company, its directors, and their short and long-term goals for the company. In cases where issues that we generally do not approve of are combined with other issues, the negative aspects of the issues will be factored into the evaluation of the overall proposals but will not necessitate a vote in opposition to the overall proposals.
 
Board of Directors
 
We do not consider the election of the Board of Directors a routine issue. Each slate of directors is evaluated on a case-by-case basis.
 
Factors taken into consideration include:
 
 
Historical responsiveness to shareholders
   
This may include such areas as:
   
-Paying greenmail
   
-Failure to adopt shareholder resolutions receiving a majority of shareholder votes
 
Qualifications
 
Nominating committee in place
 
Number of outside directors on the board
 
Attendance at meetings
 
Overall performance
   
 
 
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Selection of Auditors
 
In general, we support the Board of Directors’ recommendation for auditors.
 
Blank Check Preferred Stock
 
We oppose the issuance of blank check preferred stock.
 
Blank check preferred stock allows the company to issue stock and establish dividends, voting rights, etc. without further shareholder approval.
 
Classified Board
 
A classified board is one where the directors are divided into classes with overlapping terms. A different class is elected at each annual meeting.
 
While a classified board promotes continuity of directors facilitating long range planning, we feel directors should be accountable to shareholders on an annual basis. We will look at this proposal on a case-by-case basis taking into consideration the board’s historical responsiveness to the rights of shareholders.
 
Where a classified board is in place we will generally not support attempts to change to an annually elected board.
 
When an annually elected board is in place, we generally will not support attempts to classify the board.
 
Increase Authorized Common Stock
 
The request to increase the amount of outstanding shares is considered on a case-by-case basis.
 
Factors taken into consideration include:
 
 
Future use of additional shares
   
-Stock split
   
-Stock option or other executive compensation plan
   
-Finance growth of company/strengthen balance sheet
   
-Aid in restructuring
   
-Improve credit rating
   
-Implement a poison pill or other takeover defense
 
Amount of stock currently authorized but not yet issued or reserved for stock option plans
   
 
 
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Amount of additional stock to be authorized and its dilutive effect
   
We will support this proposal if a detailed and verifiable plan for the use of the additional shares is contained in the proxy statement.
 
Confidential Ballot
 
We support the idea that a shareholder’s identity and vote should be treated with confidentiality.
 
However, we look at this issue on a case-by-case basis.
 
In order to promote confidentiality in the voting process, we endorse the use of independent Inspectors of Election.
 
Cumulative Voting
 
In general, we support cumulative voting.
 
Cumulative voting is a process by which a shareholder may multiply the number of directors being elected by the number of shares held on record date and cast the total number for one candidate or allocate the voting among two or more candidates.
 
Where cumulative voting is in place, we will vote against any proposal to rescind this shareholder right.
 
Cumulative voting may result in a minority block of stock gaining representation on the board. When a proposal is made to institute cumulative voting, the proposal will be reviewed on a case-by-case basis. While we feel that each board member should represent all shareholders, cumulative voting provides minority shareholders an opportunity to have their views represented.
 
Director Liability and Indemnification
 
We support efforts to attract the best possible directors by limiting the liability and increasing the indemnification of directors, except in the case of insider dealing.
 
 
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Equal Access to the Proxy
 
The SEC’s rules provide for shareholder resolutions. However, the resolutions are limited in scope and there is a 500 word limit on proponents’ written arguments. Management has no such limitations. While we support equal access to the proxy, we would look at such variables as length of time required to respond, percentage of ownership, etc.
 
Fair Price Provisions
 
Charter provisions requiring a bidder to pay all shareholders a fair price are intended to prevent two-tier tender offers that may be abusive. Typically, these provisions do not apply to board-approved transactions.
 
We support fair price provisions because we feel all shareholders should be entitled to receive the same benefits.
 
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
 
Golden Parachutes
 
Golden parachutes are severance payments to top executives who are terminated or demoted after a takeover.
 
We support any proposal that would assure management of its own welfare so that they may continue to make decisions in the best interest of the company and shareholders even if the decision results in them losing their job. We do not, however, support excessive golden parachutes. Therefore, each proposal will be decided on a case-by- case basis.
 
Note: Congress has imposed a tax on any parachute that is more than three times the executive’s average annual compensation
 
Anti-Greenmail Proposals
 
We do not support greenmail. An offer extended to one shareholder should be extended to all shareholders equally across the board.
 

 
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Limit Shareholders’ Rights to Call Special Meetings
 
We support the right of shareholders to call a special meeting.
 
Consideration of Nonfinancial Effects of a Merger
 
This proposal releases the directors from only looking at the financial effects of a merger and allows them the opportunity to consider the merger’s effects on employees, the community, and consumers.
 
As a fiduciary, we are obligated to vote in the best economic interests of our clients. In general, this proposal does not allow us to do that. Therefore, we generally cannot support this proposal.
 
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
 
Mergers, Buyouts, Spin-Offs, Restructurings
 
Each of the above is considered on a case-by-case basis. According to the Department of Labor, we are not required to vote for a proposal simply because the offering price is at a premium to the current market price. We may take into consideration the long term interests of the shareholders.
 
Military Issues
 
Shareholder proposals regarding military production must be evaluated on a purely economic set of criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
 
In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to the client’s direction when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic interests of our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
 
Northern Ireland
 
Shareholder proposals requesting the signing of the MacBride principles for the purpose of countering the discrimination of Catholics in hiring practices must be evaluated on a purely economic set of criteria for our ERISA clients. As such, decisions will be made on a case-by-case basis.
 

 
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In voting on this proposal for our non-ERISA clients, we will vote according to client direction when applicable. Where no direction has been given, we will vote in the best economic interests of our clients. It is not our duty to impose our social judgment on others.
 
Opt Out of State Anti-Takeover Law
 
This shareholder proposal requests that a company opt out of the coverage of the state’s takeover statutes. Example: Delaware law requires that a buyer must acquire at least 85% of the company’s stock before the buyer can exercise control unless the board approves.
 
We consider this on a case-by-case basis. Our decision will be based on the following:
 
 
State of Incorporation
 
Management history of responsiveness to shareholders
 
Other mitigating factors
   
Poison Pill
 
In general, we do not endorse poison pills.
 
In certain cases where management has a history of being responsive to the needs of shareholders and the stock is very liquid, we will reconsider this position.
 
Reincorporation
 
Generally, we support reincorporation for well-defined business reasons. We oppose reincorporation if proposed solely for the purpose of reincorporating in a state with more stringent anti-takeover statutes that may negatively impact the value of the stock.
 
Stock Incentive Plans
 
Director and Employee Stock incentive plans are an excellent way to attract, hold and motivate directors and employees. However, each incentive plan must be evaluated on its own merits, taking into consideration the following:
 
 
Dilution of voting power or earnings per share by more than 10%.
 
Kind of stock to be awarded, to whom, when and how much.
 
Method of payment.
   

 

 
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Amount of stock already authorized but not yet issued under existing stock plans.
 
The successful steps taken by management to maximize shareholder value.
   
Supermajority Vote Requirements
 
Supermajority vote requirements in a company’s charter or bylaws require a level of voting approval in excess of a simple majority of the outstanding shares. In general, we oppose supermajority-voting requirements. Supermajority requirements often exceed the average level of shareholder participation. We support proposals’ approvals by a simple majority of the shares voting.
 
Limit Shareholders Right to Act by Written Consent
 
Written consent allows shareholders to initiate and carry on a shareholder action without having to wait until the next annual meeting or to call a special meeting. It permits action to be taken by the written consent of the same percentage of the shares that would be required to effect proposed action at a shareholder meeting.
 
Reviewed on a case-by-case basis.
 
Say on Pay and Say When on Pay
 
We will generally abstain from advisory votes on executive compensation (Say on Pay) and will also abstain from advisory votes on the frequency of voting on executive compensation (Say When on Pay) and will also abstain on advisory votes relating to extraordinary transaction executive compensation (Say on Golden Parachutes). In those instances when we believe that it is in our clients’ best interest, we may cast a vote for or against executive compensation and/or the frequency of votes on executive compensation and/or extraordinary transaction executive compensation advisory votes.
 
 
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APPENDIX M
 
PROXY VOTING POLICY AND PROCEDURES
 
Revised January 2011
 
POLICY STATEMENT
 
Introduction - This document sets forth the policies and procedures of Levin Capital Strategies, LP (“LCS” or “Adviser”) for voting proxies with respect to securities held in the accounts of clients for whom the Adviser provides discretionary investment management services and for whom the Adviser has been granted the authority to vote proxies. The Adviser's proxy voting policy and general guidelines (the "Proxy Policy") will be reviewed and, as necessary, updated periodically to address new or revised proxy voting issues.
 
The Adviser will vote proxies as part of its authority to manage, acquire, and/or dispose of account assets.
 
The Adviser will not vote proxies if the client, or in the case of an account governed by the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended ("ERISA"), the "named fiduciary," has explicitly reserved the authority for itself. When voting proxies for client accounts, the Adviser's primary objective is to make voting decisions in the best interests of the clients (including the plan beneficiaries and participants of ERISA clients). In fulfilling its obligations to clients, the Adviser will act in a manner deemed to be prudent and diligent and in a manner which is intended to enhance the economic value of the underlying securities held in client accounts. In certain situations, a client or its fiduciary may provide the Adviser with a statement of proxy voting policy. In these situations, the Adviser generally seeks to comply with the client’s or its fiduciary policy to the extent in the case of ERISA clients it would not be inconsistent with ERISA.
 
Department of Labor - With respect to the voting of proxies relating to securities held in an ERISA account, the Department of Labor has made it clear that a voting policy must be in place for recurring issues and that non-routine issues must be addressed by consistent criteria. However, the Department of Labor has stated that specific analysis on the issues of each proxy must still be performed. Distinctly identifying issues on an issuer's proxy ballot and having a method to track recurring and non-routine issues are an important part of the process.
 
Proxy Governance – Broadridge Investor Communication Solutions, Inc. ("BICS") has been retained by the Adviser to provide research, vote execution, reporting, and record keeping services. BICS has in turn contracted with Glass Lewis & Co. ("GL") for GL's proxy research services. The Adviser will generally follow GL proxy voting recommendations unless the Adviser believes it is in the best interest of the Adviser’s clients to vote differently. This service provider may be replaced at any time by another third party proxy voting service.
 
Voting Proxies for Foreign Companies – The Adviser primarily invests client assets in United States issuers, however, from time to time the Adviser may invest outside of the United States. While the proxy voting process is well established in the United States with a number of tools and services available to assist an investment manager, voting proxies of foreign companies may involve a number of logistical
 
 
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problems that my have a detrimental effect on the Adviser's ability to vote such proxies. The logistical problems include, but are not limited to: (i) proxy statements and ballots being written in a foreign language, (ii) untimely and/or inadequate notice of shareholder meetings, (iii) restrictions on a foreigner's ability to exercise votes, (iv) requirements to vote proxies in person, (v) the imposition of restrictions on the sale of the securities for a period of time in proximity to the shareholder meeting, and (vi) requirements to provide local agents with power of attorney to facilitate the Adviser's voting instructions.
 
While GL has been retained to provide assistance to the Adviser in voting it's clients' foreign proxies, such proxies are voted on a best-efforts basis given the above-mentioned logistical problems. Additionally, the Adviser may conduct a cost-benefit analysis in determining whether to attempt to vote its clients' shares at a foreign company's meeting, whereby if it is determined that the cost associated with the attempt to exercise its vote outweighs the benefit the Adviser believes its clients will derive by voting on the company's proposal, the Adviser may decide not to attempt to vote at the meeting.
 
GENERAL PROXY VOTING GUIDELINES
 
It is the policy LCS in voting proxies to consider and vote each proposal with the objective of maximizing long-term investment returns for its clients.
 
LCS will utilize the proxy voting guidelines set forth by GL with respect to a wide range of matters. These guidelines address a range of issues, including corporate governance, executive compensation, capital structure proposals and social responsibility issues and are meant to be general voting parameters on issues that arise most frequently. The Adviser's policies (as set forth below) do not follow the GL guidelines in all respects, and the Adviser may vote in a manner on a case by case basis that is contrary to the following general guidelines if it believes that such vote would be in the best interests of the Adviser's clients. However, if a client has their own proxy voting guidelines, we will adhere to their policy and vote the proxy as set forth by the client absent ERISA restrictions.
 
While GL has been retained to provide assistance to the Adviser in voting its clients' foreign proxies, such proxies are voted on a best-efforts basis given the above-mentioned logistical issues. Additionally, the Adviser may conduct a cost-benefit analysis in determining whether to attempt to vote its clients' shares at a foreign company's meeting, whereby if it is determined that the cost associated with the attempt to exercise its vote outweighs the benefit the Adviser believes its clients will derive by voting on the company's proposal, the Adviser may decide not to attempt to vote at the meeting.
 
LCS will follow GL’s Policy and Analysis methodology. LCS has elected to use GL’s “management bias” proxy voting approach. Please refer to the attached document for additional information which is a concise summary of GL's proxy voting guidelines employed by LCS. LCS at is discretion may vote differently than GL’s recommendation. Whenever this occurs, LCS will prepare a written document for the files explaining the reason LCS is voting the shares accordingly. If GL does not have a recommendation or holdings are only related to Levin Family related accounts, LCS will vote in favor of management’s recommendation provided that there are no material conflicts of interests present. In limited circumstances, LCS may refrain from voting proxies where LCS believes that voting would be inappropriate taking into consideration the cost of voting the proxy and the anticipated benefit to the
 
 
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Funds and Managed Accounts.
 

 
GUIDELINES WITH REGARD TO ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT STRATEGIES
 
Certain accounts, including affiliated investment vehicles, managed by the Adviser pursuant to alternative investment strategies may make investments with short-term investment horizons, which are transaction specific or are otherwise event driven. For this reason, the application of the above guidelines, which are geared towards achieving what is in the long term best interests of shareholders, may not necessarily be in the best interest of clients of such alternative investment strategies. The employees of the Adviser responsible for making proxy voting decisions with regard to such accounts may evaluate certain proposals on an individual basis and may depart from the general guidelines described above in voting on such proposals in order to best serve the financial interests of the clients of the strategy. As a result, the Adviser may from time to time cast different votes for different clients with regard to the same proposal.
 
In the case of conflicts of interest, however, the procedures outlined below under "Conflicts of Interest" will be followed with regard to all accounts of the Adviser.
 
CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
 
The Adviser is sensitive to conflicts of interest that may arise in the proxy decision-making process.  Whenever a Portfolio Manager or Research Analyst recommends LCS vote differently than what GL recommends a determination must be made to determine if any conflicts of interests exist. For example, conflicts of interest may arise when:
 
 
Proxy votes are solicited by an issuer who has an account relationship with the Adviser;
   
 
Proxy votes are solicited by an issuer that has a material business relationship with the Adviser;
   
 
A proponent of a proxy proposal has a business relationship with the Adviser (e.g., a pension fund or an employee group for which the Adviser manages money);
   
 
The Adviser has material business relationships with participants in proxy contests, corporate directors, or candidates; or
   
 
An employee of the Adviser may have a personal interest in the outcome of a particular matter.
   
These items are only examples; additional conflicts of interest may arise from time to time. All employees of the Adviser are required to communicate any potential conflicts of interest with the Compliance Department immediately.
 
It is the Firm's policy to seek to resolve all conflicts of interest in the clients' best interests. In order to ensure an unbiased decision on matters of conflict in situations the Adviser will vote in accordance with recommendations provided by GL; provided, however, that a portfolio manager with regard to an investment strategy may seek approval from the Compliance Department to vote differently from such recommendation if the manager believes that there is compelling evidence that voting differently would
 
 
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be in the best interests of the client.
 
In situations where a client of the Firm requests to direct their vote, the client's instructions will supersede all other policies absent ERISA exceptions. In situations where a client of the Adviser may have a relationship with an issuer or the proponent of a proposal, the Adviser may take such fact into votes on behalf of other clients.
 
PROCEDURES FOR ASSESSING MATERIALITY OF CONFLICTS OF INTEREST AND FOR ADDRESSING MATERIAL CONFLICTS OF INTEREST
 
LCS shall maintain a Proxy Voting Committee to review and address conflicts of interest brought to its attention. The Proxy Voting Committee shall be comprised of The President, CEO, COO, CCO, and the Head Trader. The Proxy voting committee shall meet as needed with no determined schedule.
 
All conflicts of interest identified pursuant to the procedures outlined in this Policy and Procedures must be brought to the attention of the Proxy Voting Committee. The Proxy Voting Committee shall determine whether a conflict of interest is material. A conflict of interest will be considered material to the extent that it is determined that such conflict is likely to influence, or appear to influence, LCS’s decision-making in voting the proxy. All materiality determinations will be based on an assessment of the particular facts and circumstances. LCS Compliance Department shall maintain a written record of all determinations made by the Proxy Voting Committee.
 
If it is determined by the Proxy Voting Committee that a conflict of interest is not material, LCS may vote proxies notwithstanding the existence of the conflict.
 
If it is determined by the Proxy Voting Committee that a conflict of interest is material, the Proxy Voting Committee shall determine an appropriate method to resolve such conflict of interest before the proxy affected by the conflict of interest is voted. Such determination shall be based on the particular facts and circumstances, including the importance of the proxy issue, the nature of the conflict of interest, etc... Such methods may include:
 
1.           In the case of a conflict of interest resulting from a particular employee’s personal relationships, removing such employee from the decision-making process with respect to such proxy vote; or
 
2.             Such other method as is deemed appropriate given the particular facts and circumstances, including the importance of the proxy issue, the nature of the conflict of interest, etc.. *
 
LCS Compliance shall maintain a written record of the method used to resolve a material conflict of interest, and the recommendation on how the proxy should be voted.
 
__________________________
* Especially in the case of an apparent, as opposed to actual, conflict of interest, the Proxy Voting Committee may resolve such conflict of interest by satisfying itself that LCS’s proposed vote on a proxy issue is in the best interest of client accounts and is not being influenced by the conflict of interest.
 

 
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OPERATING PROCEDURES
 
Once LCS has determined that it has the responsibility for voting a client's proxies, the Adviser must vote the appropriate number of shares it is entitled to vote and maintain records indicating the manner in which it exercised its voting authority. In this regard, the following procedures are intended to ensure that LCS satisfies its proxy voting obligations:
 
1.           The LCS Operations Department (the "Operations Department") is responsible for identifying the clients for whom LCS is required to vote proxies.
 
2.           The Adviser utilizes BICS to tabulate and record proxies voted on behalf of its clients. The Operations Department will notify BICS of all new client accounts that have delegated proxy voting authorization to the Adviser. In addition, the Operations Department will notify any changes to existing client accounts. The Operations Department will maintain the required records which detail the manner in which client proxies have been voted.
 
3.           The Portfolio Managers/Research Analysts may from time to time review certain proxy voting recommendations, and as part of their review the Portfolio Manager/Research Analyst will be given GL’s research materials to help aid in their decision making process. After their review has been completed and if the Portfolio Manager/Research Analyst does not agree with GL’s recommendation, the Portfolio Manager/Research Analyst should submit comments why LCS should not vote in agreement with PCI’s recommendation. These comments will then be recorded BICS ProxyEdge voting system for future reference.
 
4.           If the Portfolio Managers/Research Analyst chooses to vote contrary to the GL recommendation, and after receiving approval from the Proxy Committee (only if to meet regarding a conflict of interest situation), the Operations Department will override the GL recommendation in the BICS ProxyEdge system and enter the voting rationale provided by the Portfolio Managers/Research Analyst in the notes section on BICS ProxyEdge.
 
5.           The LCS CCO shall review any instructions provided by the portfolio managers that differ from GL to insure that such instructions comply with LCS' proxy voting guidelines.
 
6.           All documentation relating to proxy voting shall be maintained by the Operations Department for a period of no less than six years.
 
7.           The Operations Department will be responsible for responding to client requests for a proxy voting records that identifies the manner in which LCS voted such clients' proxies.
 
8.           The Operations Department will be responsible for maintaining all client requests for proxy voting records and/or policies for a period of no less than six years.
 
 
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Public Proxy Policy Statement
 
The following is LCS’ public proxy voting policy that must be sent to those clients or potential clients upon request:
 
The Securities and Exchange Commission adopted Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, which requires registered investment advisers that exercise voting authority over client securities to implement proxy voting policies. In compliance with such rules, LCS has adopted proxy voting policies and procedures (the “Policies”). The general policy is to vote proxy proposals, amendments, consents or resolutions relating to client securities, including interests in private investment funds, if any (collectively, “proxies”), in a manner that serves the best interests of the Funds and Managed Accounts, as determined by LCS in its discretion. Generally, LCS will utilize the proxy voting guidelines set forth by Glass Lewis and Co. (“GL”) with respect to a wide range of matters with a bias favoring management. These guidelines address a range of issues, including corporate governance, executive compensation, capital structure proposals and social responsibility issues and are meant to be general voting parameters on issues that arise most frequently. LCS may vote certain proxies on a case by case basis contrary to GL proxy voting guidelines if LCS believes that such vote would be in the best interest of the Adviser’s clients. If such action is undertaken by LCS, we will usually vote with management’s recommendation. If GL does not have a recommendation or holdings are only related to Levin Family related accounts, LCS will vote in favor of management’s recommendation provided that there are no material conflicts of interests present. In limited circumstances, LCS may refrain from voting proxies where LCS believes that voting would be inappropriate taking into consideration the cost of voting the proxy and the anticipated benefit to the Funds and Managed Accounts. A copy of the Policies and the proxy voting record relating to a client or investor in their respective Fund may be obtained by contacting LCS at the address or telephone number listed on the first page of this document.
 

 
Any questions regarding our policy statement should be directed to the Compliance Department.
 
 
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MacKay Shields LLC
Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures
 
1.             Introduction
 
MacKay Shields LLC (“MacKay Shields” or the “Firm”), has adopted these “Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures” (the “Policy”) to ensure the Firm’s compliance with Rule 206(4)-6 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the “Advisers Act”) and other applicable fiduciary obligations. The Policy applies to proxies relating to securities held by clients of MacKay Shields who have delegated the responsibility of voting proxies to the Firm. The Policy is designed to assist Firm employees in meeting their specific responsibilities in this area and to reasonably ensure that proxies are voted in the best interests of the Firm’s clients.
 
2.             Statement of Policy
 
2.1            It is the policy of MacKay Shields that where the Firm has voting authority, all proxies are to be voted in the best interest of the client without regard to the interests of MacKay Shields or other related parties. Specifically, MacKay Shields shall not subordinate the interests of clients to unrelated objectives, including MacKay Shields’ interests. MacKay Shields shall act with the care, skill, prudence and diligence under the circumstances then prevailing that a prudent person acting in a like capacity and familiar with such matters would use in the conduct of an enterprise of a like character and with like aims. For purposes of the Policy, the “best interests of clients” shall mean, unless otherwise specified by the client, the clients’ best economic interests over the long term –that is, the common interest that all MacKay Shields clients share in seeing the value of a common investment increase over time. It is further the policy of the Firm that complete and accurate disclosure concerning its proxy voting policies and procedures and proxy voting records as required by the Advisers Act, be made available to its clients.
 
2.2            When proxies with respect to securities held by clients of MacKay Shields have not been received by MacKay Shields or its proxy voting service provider, MacKay Shields will make reasonable efforts to obtain missing proxies. MacKay Shields is not responsible for voting proxies it or its proxy voting service provider does not receive.
 
2.3            MacKay Shields may choose not to vote proxies under the following circumstances:
 
 
If the effect on the client’s economic interests or the value of the portfolio holding is indeterminable or insignificant;
 
If the cost of voting the proxy outweighs the possible benefit to the client; or
 
  If a jurisdiction imposes share blocking restrictions which prevent the Firm from trading shares.
 
 
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3.              Use of Third Party Proxy Voting Service Provider
 
To discharge its responsibility, MacKay Shields has examined third-party services that assist in the researching and voting of proxies and the development of voting guidelines. After such review, the Firm has selected Institutional Shareholder Services, Inc., a wholly owned subsidiary of MSCI, Inc. (“ISS”), to research voting proposals, analyze the financial implications of voting proposals and vote proxies. MacKay Shields utilizes the research and analytical services, operational implementation, administration, recordkeeping and reporting services provided by ISS.
 
4.             Proxy Voting Guidelines
 
4.1            MacKay Shields has determined that, except as set forth in Sections 6 and 7, proxies for non-union clients who so specify will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable ISS non-union domestic or global proxy voting guidelines, as in effect from time to time (“Non-Union Guidelines”). A summary of the current Non-Union Guidelines is attached as Exhibit A.
 
4.2            MacKay Shields has determined that, except as set forth in Sections 6 and 7, proxies for union or Taft-Hartley clients who so specify will be voted in accordance with the voting recommendations contained in the applicable ISS Taft-Hartley domestic or global proxy voting guidelines, as in effect from time to time (“Union Guidelines”). A summary of the current Union Guidelines is attached as Exhibit B.
 
4.3            For purposes of the Policy, the Non-Union and Union Guidelines are collectively referred to as the Standard Guidelines.
 
4.4            A client may choose to use proxy voting guidelines different from the Standard Guidelines (“Custom Guidelines”). Any Custom Guidelines must be furnished by the client to MacKay Shields in writing.
 
4.5            In the event the Standard Guidelines or any client’s Custom Guidelines do not address how a proxy should be voted or state that the vote is to be determined on a “case-by-case” basis, the proxy will be voted in accordance with ISS recommendations, subject to Section 6. In the event that ISS has not made a recommendation, MacKay Shields will follow the procedure set forth in Section 7.
 
4.6            Notwithstanding the foregoing, MacKay Shields will vote a proxy with respect to a particular security held by a client in accordance with such client’s specific request even if it is in a manner inconsistent with the Standard Guidelines or the client’s Custom Guidelines, as the case may be. Any such specific requests must be furnished to MacKay Shields by the client in writing and must be received by MacKay on a timely basis for instructing ISS how to cast the vote.
 
4.7            In order to avoid possible conflicts of interest, MacKay Shields votes proxies based on the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines, as the case may be. However, it is recognized that the Firm’s portfolio management team has the ultimate responsibility for proxy voting.
 

 
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4.8            For clients using the Standard Guidelines, the Firm will instruct ISS to cast votes in accordance with the Standard Guidelines. For clients using Custom Guidelines, the Firm will provide ISS with a copy of such Custom Guidelines and will instruct ISS to cast votes in accordance with such Custom Guidelines. ISS will cast votes in accordance with the Standard Guidelines or Custom Guidelines, as the case may be, unless instructed otherwise by MacKay Shields as set forth in Sections 6 and 7. Upon receipt of a specific request from a client pursuant to Section 4.6, the Firm will instruct ISS to cast such client’s proxy in accordance with such request.
 
5.             Client Account Set-up and Review
 
5.1            Initially, MacKay Shields must determine whether the client seeks to retain the responsibility of voting proxies, or seeks to delegate that responsibility to the Firm. The marketing or client service person responsible for setting up the account, in conjunction with MacKay’s Legal/Compliance Department, will have primary responsibility for making that determination. In its sole discretion, the Firm may decline to accept authority to vote a client’s proxies. Any such refusal shall be in writing.
 
5.2            If MacKay Shields has authority to vote a client’s proxies, the marketing or client service person responsible for setting up the account will ask the client to specify in writing (which may be by e-mail) whether the Firm should vote proxies in accordance with the Non-Union Guidelines, Union Guidelines or Custom Guidelines.
 
5.3            In most cases, the delegation of voting authority to MacKay Shields, and the Firm’s use of a third-party proxy voting service provider shall be memorialized in the client’s investment management agreement.
 
5.4            MacKay Shields shall notify ISS of new client accounts using such form as ISS shall specify from time to time. Designated personnel within the Firm will be responsible for ensuring that each new client’s account for which the Firm has proxy voting authority is established on the appropriate systems and that each such account is properly coded for voting under the appropriate Non-Union Guidelines, Union Guidelines or Custom Guidelines, as the case may be.
 
6.             Overriding Guidelines
 
A portfolio manager may propose that a particular proxy vote be cast in a manner different from the Standard Guidelines or a ISS voting recommendation, or may propose an abstention from voting, if he/she believes that to do so, based on all facts and circumstances, is in the best interest of the Firm’s clients as a whole. Any portfolio manager who proposes to override the Standard Guidelines or a ISS voting recommendation on a particular vote or to abstain from voting must complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form, which is set forth in Schedule C.
 
 
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7.              Referral of Voting Decision by ISS to MacKay Shields
 
7.1            In the event that the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines do not address how a proxy should be voted on a specific proposal for an issuer and ISS has not made a recommendation as to how such proxy should be voted, ISS will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
 
7.2            In the event that the Standard Guidelines or a client’s Custom Guidelines require a “case-by-case” determination on a particular proxy vote and ISS has not made a recommendation as to how such proxy should be voted, ISS will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
 
7.3            In the event that ISS determines that a conflict of interest exists as a result of which ISS is precluded from making a recommendation as to how a proxy should be voted on a specific proposal for an issuer, ISS will so advise MacKay Shields. In that event, the Legal/Compliance Department will request that the appropriate portfolio manager make a voting recommendation and complete a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form.
 
8.               Conflicts of Interest
 
8.1            The Firm’s portfolio managers may make proxy voting decisions in connection with (i) overriding the Standard Guidelines or an ISS voting recommendation pursuant to Section 6, or (ii) deciding on a vote pursuant to Section 7. In such event, the portfolio managers have an affirmative duty to disclose any potential conflict of interest known to them that exists between the Firm and the client on whose behalf the proxy is to be voted (“Conflict”).
 
8.2 .           By way of example, Conflicts may exist in situations where the Firm is called to vote on a proxy involving an issuer or proponent of a proxy proposal regarding the issuer where MacKay Shields or an affiliated person of the Firm also:
 
 
Manages the issuer’s or proponent’s pension plan;
 
Administers the issuer’s or proponent’s employee benefit plan;
 
Provided brokerage, underwriting, insurance or banking services to the issuer or proponent; or
 
Manages money for an employee group.
     

 
 
4
 
 
 
Additional Conflicts may exist, among others, if an executive of the Firm or its control affiliates is a close relative of, or has a personal or business relationship with:
 
 
An executive of the issuer or proponent;
 
A director of the issuer or proponent;
 
A person who is a candidate to be a director of the issuer;
 
A participant in the proxy contest; or
 
A proponent of a proxy proposal.
     
  8.3            Whether a relationship creates a Conflict will depend on the facts and circumstances. Even if these parties do not attempt to influence the Firm with respect to voting, the value of the relationship to MacKay Shields or an affiliate can create a Conflict.
 
8.4            After a Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form is completed pursuant to Sections 6 or 7, such Form, which elicits information as to whether a potential Conflict exists, must be submitted to the Legal/Compliance Department for review. If the Firm’s General Counsel (“GC”) or Chief Compliance Officer (“CCO”) determines that there is no potential Conflict, the GC or CCO or their designee may instruct ISS to vote the proxy issue as set forth in the completed Form.
 
8.5            If the GC or CCO determines that there exists or may exist a Conflict, he or she will refer the issue to the Compliance Committee for consideration by convening (in person or via telephone) an emergency meeting of the Compliance Committee. For purposes of this Policy, a majority vote of those members present shall resolve any Conflict. The Compliance Committee will consider the facts and circumstances of the pending proxy vote and the potential or actual Conflict and make a determination as to how to vote the proxy – i.e., whether to permit or deny the recommendation of the portfolio manager, or whether to take other action, such as delegating the proxy vote to an independent third party or obtaining voting instructions from clients.
 
8.6            In considering the proxy vote and potential Conflict, the Compliance Committee may review the following factors, including but not limited to:
 
 
·
The percentage of outstanding securities of the issuer held on behalf of clients by the Firm.
 
·
The nature of the relationship of the issuer or proponent with the Firm, its affiliates or its executive officers.
 
·
Whether there has been any attempt to directly or indirectly influence the portfolio manager’s decision.
 
·
Whether the direction (for or against) of the proposed vote would appear to benefit the Firm or a related party.
 
·
Whether an objective decision to vote in a certain way will still create a strong appearance of a Conflict.
     
MacKay Shields may not abstain from voting any such proxy for the purpose of avoiding Conflict.
 

 
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9.            Securities Lending
 
If MacKay Shields portfolio managers or their designees become aware of an upcoming shareholder meeting where there is an important vote to be taken, or become aware of a request for consent of security holders on a material matter affecting the investment, MacKay Shields will consider whether to request that clients call back securities loans, if applicable. In determining whether to request that clients call back securities loans, the relevant portfolio manager(s) shall consider whether the benefit to the client in voting the matter or giving or withholding consent outweighs the benefit to the client in keeping the security on loan. There may be instances when MacKay Shields may not be aware of the upcoming shareholder meeting or request for consent with sufficient time in advance to make such a request, or when MacKay Shields’ request that a client call back a securities loan in sufficient time to vote or give or withhold consent may not be successful.
 
10.            Reporting
 
Upon request, MacKay Shields shall report annually (or more frequently if specifically requested) to its clients on proxy votes cast on their behalf. MacKay Shields will provide any client who makes a written or verbal request with a copy of a report disclosing how MacKay Shields voted securities held in that client’s portfolio. The report will generally contain the following information:
 
·
The name of the issuer of the security;
·
The security’s exchange ticker symbol;
·
The security’s CUSIP number;
·
The shareholder meeting date;
·
A brief identification of the matter voted on;
·
Whether the matter was proposed by the issuer or by a security holder;
·
Whether MacKay Shields cast its vote on the matter on behalf of the client;
·
How MacKay Shields voted on behalf of the client; and
·
Whether MacKay Shields voted for or against management on behalf of the client.
   
11.           Record-Keeping
 
Either MacKay Shields or ISS as indicated below will maintain the following records:
 
·
A copy of the Policy and MacKay’s Standard Guidelines and Custom Guidelines;
·
A copy of each proxy statement received by MacKay Shields or forwarded to ISS by the client’s custodian regarding client securities;
·
A record of each vote cast by MacKay Shields on behalf of a client;
·
A copy of all documents created by MacKay Shields that were material to making a decision on the proxy voting (or abstaining from voting) of client securities or that memorialize the basis for that decision including the resolution of any Conflict, a copy of all guideline override requests and all supporting documents; and
·
A copy of each written request by a client for information on how MacKay Shields voted proxies on behalf of the client, as well as a copy of any written
 
 
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response by MacKay Shields to any request by a client for information on how MacKay Shields voted proxies on behalf of the client; records of oral requests for information or oral responses will not be kept.
   
Such records must be maintained for at least eight years, the first two years in an appropriate office of MacKay Shields.
 
12.            Review of Voting and Guidelines
 
As part of its periodic reviews, MacKay Shields’ Legal/Compliance Department will conduct an annual review of the prior year’s proxy voting as well as the guidelines established for proxy voting. Documentation shall be maintained of this review and a report setting forth the results of the review will be presented annually to the Compliance Committee.
 
13.            How to Request Information On How the Firm Voted Proxies
 
Clients may, at anytime, request and receive information from MacKay Shields as to how the Firm voted proxies for securities held in their account. Any such proxy information request should be in writing and mailed or faxed [(212)-754-9205] to MacKay Shields Client Services Department at:
 
MacKay Shields LLC
9 West 57 th Street
New York, NY 10019
ATTN: Client Services
 
Attachments :
 
Exhibit A
-
Summary of Standard Guidelines for non-union clients
Exhibit B
-
Summary of Standard Guidelines for union clients (Taft-Hartley)
Schedule C
-
Proxy Vote Override/Decision Form

 
___________________
Effective January 3, 2011
 
 
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Proxy Voting Procedures
 
Procedures
 
The CCO is responsible for determining whether a particular proxy vote may have a material economic impact on an underlying Client position or trading strategy and, if so, instructing the custodian to act in the manner which the CCO believes will increase the value of the underling credit position or short-term trading strategy. In make any such determination, the CCO shall consider any potential conflicts of interest which may exist and shall at all times act in the manner in which he believes will further the economic interests of the clients. The CCO shall document the rationale for any decision to vote or not to vote a proxy.
 
Sound Point may retain a third-party to assist it in coordinating and voting Client Proxies. If so, the CCO will monitor the third-party to assure that all proxies are being properly voted and appropriate records are being retained.
 
Any employee, officer or director of Sound Point receiving an inquiry directly from a company holding a proxy contest must promptly notify the CCO.
 
Conflicts of Interest
 
Sound Point will not put its own interests ahead of a Client’s interest at any time, and will resolve any potential conflicts between its interests and those of its Clients in favor of its Clients. The CCO will be primarily responsible for determining whether a conflict of interest exists in connection with any Client Proxy vote. The CCO will presume a conflict of interest to exist whenever Sound Point or any partner, member, affiliate, subsidiary or employee of Sound Point has a personal or business interest in the outcome of a particular matter before shareholders.
 
Limitations on Proxy Voting
 
Sound Point will not be obliged to vote a Client Proxy if Sound Point reasonably determines that the cost of voting such Securities would exceed the expected benefit to the Client.
 
Disclosure to Clients
 
Form ADV Disclosure
 
Sound Point will disclose in Part 2A of its Form ADV that Clients may contact the CCO during regular business hours, via email or telephone, to obtain information on how Sound Point voted such Client’s proxies for the past 5 years. The summary of this Policy included in Sound Point’s Part 2A of its Form ADV will be updated whenever this Policy is revised. Clients may also receive a copy of this Policy upon their request.
 
Note that updating the Form ADV with a change to the proxy voting policy outside of the annual update is voluntary. However, Sound Point will need to communicate to the Client any changes to this Policy affecting its fiduciary duty.
 
Client Requests for Information
 
Clients and Private Fund Investors may request a copy of this Policy and/or information about how Sound Point has voted securities in their behalf (or, with respect to a Private Fund) account by contacting Sound Point.  Sound Point will not disclose proxy votes made on behalf of a Client to other Clients or third parties unless
 

 
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specifically requested, in writing, by the Client. However, to the extent that Sound Point may serve as sub-adviser to another adviser to a client, Sound Point will be deemed to be authorized to provide proxy voting records on such Accounts to such other adviser.
 
Recordkeeping
 
In accordance with the recordkeeping requirements of Rule 204-2 of the Advisers Act, Sound Point will, for a period of at least 5 years from the end of the fiscal year during which the record was finalized, maintain or have ready access to the following documents, the first 2 years in an appropriate office of Sound Point:
 
 
(i)
a copy of this Policy;
     
 
(ii)
a copy of each proxy statement received by Sound Point regarding Securities held on behalf of its Clients;
     
 
(iii)
a record of each vote cast by Sound Point on behalf of its Clients;
     
 
(iv)
a copy of any documents prepared by Sound Point that were material to making a decision how to vote, or that memorialized the basis for such decision; and
     
 
(v)
a copy of each written request received from a Client as to how Sound Point voted proxies on its behalf, and a copy of any written response from Sound Point to any (written or oral) Client request for information on how Sound Point voted proxies on its behalf.
     
To fulfill some of these recordkeeping requirements, Sound Point may rely on proxy statements filed on EDGAR and proxy statements and records of proxy votes cast that are maintained with a proxy voting service or other third-party, provided that Sound Point has obtained an undertaking from such third-party to provide a copy of the documents promptly upon request.
 
Sound Point will retain each of the records listed above in accordance with Sound Point’s Policy   Regarding Recordkeeping .
 
 
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TURNER INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.
TURNER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC
 
Proxy Voting Policy and Procedures
 
Turner Investment Partners, Inc., as well as its investment advisory affiliate, Turner Investment Management LLC (collectively, “Turner”), act as fiduciaries in relation to their clients and the assets entrusted by them to their management. Where the assets placed in Turner’s care include shares of corporate stock, and except where the client has expressly reserved to itself or another party the duty to vote proxies, it is Turner’s duty as a fiduciary to vote all proxies relating to such shares.
 
Duties with Respect to Proxies:
 
Turner has an obligation to vote all proxies appurtenant to shares of corporate stock owned by its client accounts in the best interests of those clients. In voting these proxies, Turner may not be motivated by, or subordinate the client’s interests to, its own objectives or those of persons or parties unrelated to the client. Turner will exercise all appropriate and lawful care, skill, prudence and diligence in voting proxies, and shall vote all proxies relating to shares owned by its client accounts and received by Turner. Turner shall not be responsible, however, for voting proxies that it does not receive in sufficient time to respond.
 
Delegation to Proxy Voter Services:
 
In order to carry out its responsibilities in regard to voting proxies, Turner must track all shareholder meetings convened by companies whose shares are held in Turner client accounts, identify all issues presented to shareholders at such meetings, formulate a principled position on each such issue and ensure that proxies pertaining to all shares owned in client accounts are voted in accordance with such determinations.
 
Consistent with these duties, Turner has delegated certain aspects of the proxy voting process to Institutional Shareholder Services, and its Proxy Voter Services (PVS) subsidiary. PVS is a separate investment adviser registered under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended.  Under an agreement entered into with Turner, PVS has agreed to vote proxies in accordance with recommendations developed by PVS and overseen by Turner, except in those instances where Turner has provided it with different direction.
 
PVS’s voting recommendations typically favor the interests of the shareholder/owner rather than a company’s management. Turner’s long-standing practice has been to follow voting guidelines of this type. Although Turner has not chosen PVS or its services for this reason, its engagement of PVS could be interpreted as helpful to maintaining or attracting clients or potential clients supportive of shareholder/owner rights. In this respect its engagement of PVS potentially presents a conflict of interest for Turner, which has a number of clients concerned with shareholder/owner rights, including but not limited to public plans and unions.
 

 
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It should be emphasized that any client or potential client of Turner need not delegate the voting of proxies to Turner (and thus indirectly to PVS as overseen by Turner), and may instead direct its custodian or another party to undertake this responsibility. Alternatively, a client or potential client may direct Turner to vote following guidelines it selects rather than following the Turner selected PVS guidelines if its preference is to follow voting guidelines that typically favor the interests of company management. Turner will provide upon request a copy of the current proxy voting guidelines followed by PVS to assist you in this evaluation.
 
Review and Oversight:
 
Turner has reviewed the methods used by PVS to identify and track shareholder meetings called by publicly traded issuers throughout the United States and around the globe. Turner has satisfied itself that PVS operates a system reasonably designed to identify all such meetings and to provide Turner with timely notice of the date, time and place of such meetings. Turner has further reviewed the principles and procedures employed by PVS in making recommendations on voting proxies on each issue presented, and has satisfied itself that PVS’s recommendations are: (i) based upon an appropriate level of diligence and research, and (ii) designed to further the interests of shareholders and not serve other unrelated or improper interests. Turner, either directly or through its duly-constituted Proxy Committee, shall review its determinations as to PVS at least annually.
 
Notwithstanding its belief that PVS’s recommendations are consistent with the best interests of shareholders and appropriate to be implemented for Turner’s client accounts, Turner has the right and the ability to depart from a recommendation made by PVS as to a particular vote, slate of candidates or otherwise, and can direct PVS to vote all or a portion of the shares owned for client accounts in accordance with Turner’s preferences. PVS is bound to vote any such shares subject to that direction in strict accordance with all such instructions. Turner, through its Proxy Committee, reviews on a regular basis the overall shareholder meeting agenda, and seeks to identify shareholder votes that warrant further review based upon either (i) the total number of shares of a particular company stock that Turner holds for its clients accounts, or (ii) the particular subject matter of a shareholder vote, such as board independence or shareholders’ rights issues. In determining whether to depart from a PVS recommendation, the Turner Proxy Committee looks to its view of the best interests of shareholders, and provides direction to PVS only where in Turner’s view departing from the PVS recommendation appears to be in the best interests of Turner’s clients as shareholders. The Proxy Committee keeps minutes of its determinations in this regard.
 
The Turner Proxy Committee has only very infrequently departed from the PVS recommendation, and clients should expect that the PVS recommendation will be followed for the vast majority of votes.
 
Conflicts of Interest:
 
Turner stock is not publicly traded, and Turner is not otherwise affiliated with any issuer whose shares are available for purchase by client accounts. Further, no Turner affiliate currently
 

 
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provides brokerage, underwriting, insurance, banking or other financial services to issuers whose shares are available for purchase by client accounts.
 
Where a client of Turner is a publicly traded company in its own right, Turner may be restricted from acquiring that company’s securities for the client’s benefit. Further, while Turner believes that any particular proxy issues involving companies that engage Turner, either directly or through their pension committee or otherwise, to manage assets on their behalf, generally will not present conflict of interest dangers for the firm or its clients, in order to avoid even the appearance of a conflict of interest, the Proxy Committee will determine, by surveying the Firm’s employees or otherwise, whether Turner, an affiliate or any of their officers has a business, familial or personal relationship with a participant in a proxy contest, the issuer itself or the issuer’s pension plan, corporate directors or candidates for directorships. In the event that any such relationship is found to exist, the Proxy Committee will take appropriate steps to ensure that any such relationship (or other potential conflict of interest), does not influence Turner’s or the Committee’s decision to provide direction to PVS on a given vote or issue. Further to that end, Turner will adhere to all recommendations made by PVS in connection with all shares issued by such companies and held in Turner client accounts, and, absent extraordinary circumstances that will be documented in writing, will not subject any such proxy to special review by the Proxy Committee.
 
As discussed above, Turner’s selection of PVS may be considered a potential conflict of interest.
 
Turner will in all instances seek to resolve any conflicts of interests that may arise prior to voting proxies or selecting a proxy voting agent/research provider in a manner that reflects the best interests of its clients.
 
Securities Lending:
 
Turner will generally not vote nor seek to recall in order to vote shares on loan in connection with client administered securities lending programs, unless it determines that a vote is particularly significant. Seeking to recall securities in order to vote them even in these limited circumstances may nevertheless not result in Turner voting the shares because the securities are unable to be recalled in time from the party with custody of the securities, or for other reasons beyond Turner’s control. Clients that participate in securities lending programs should expect that Turner will not frequently vote or seek to recall in order to vote shares that are on loan.
 
Obtaining Proxy Voting Information:
 
To obtain information on how Turner voted proxies or for a copy of current PVS guidelines, please contact:
 
Andrew Mark, Director of Operations
  and Technology Administration
c/o Turner Investment Partners, Inc.
1205 Westlakes Drive, Suite 100
Berwyn, PA 19312
 

 
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Recordkeeping:
 
Turner shall retain its (i) proxy voting policies and procedures; (ii) proxy statements received regarding client statements; (iii) records or votes it casts on behalf of clients; (iv) records of client requests for proxy voting information, and (v) any documents prepared by Turner that are material in making a proxy voting decision. Such records may be maintained with a third party, such as PVS, that will provide a copy of the documents promptly upon request.
 
Adopted: July 1, 2003
Last revised: June 15, 2009
 
 
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VIII.            PROXY VOTING
 
A.            General
 
As a fiduciary, an investment adviser with proxy voting authority has a duty to vote proxies in the best interest of clients. Rule 206(4)-6 under the Advisers Act (the " Proxy Voting Rule ") places specific requirements on registered investment advisers with proxy voting authority. Because Visium has discretionary authority over the securities held by the Advisory Clients, Visium is viewed as having proxy voting authority. Accordingly, Visium is subject to the Proxy Voting Rule. To meet its obligations under this rule, Visium has adopted these Proxy Voting Policies and Procedures.
 
The general policy is to vote proxy proposals, amendments, consents or resolutions relating to client securities, including interests in private investment funds, if any (collectively, "proxies"), in a manner that serves the best interests of the Advisory Clients, as determined by Visium in its discretion, and taking into account relevant factors, including, but not limited to:
 
the impact on the value of the securities;
the anticipated costs and benefits associated with the proposal;
the effect on liquidity; and
customary industry and business practices.
   
The Firm may abstain from voting (which generally requires submission of a proxy voting card) or affirmatively decide not to vote if the Firm determines that abstaining or not voting is in the best interests of the Advisory Client. In some foreign markets where proxy voting demands fee payment for agent services, Visium will balance the cost and benefit of proxy voting and may abstain from voting if the cost associated is greater than the benefits from voting.
 
Although not presently intended to be used on a regular basis, Visium may retain an independent third party to vote proxies in certain situations (including situations where a material conflict of interest is identified).
 
B.            Conflicts of Interest
 
At times, conflicts may arise between the interests of the Advisory Clients, on the one hand, and the interests of Visium or its affiliates, on the other hand. If Visium determines that it has, or may be perceived to have, a conflict of interest when voting a proxy, it will address matters involving such conflicts of interest as follows:
 
a.           If Visium believes it is in the best interest of the Advisory Clients to depart from the specific policies provided for herein, it will be subject to the requirements of (b) or (c) below, as applicable;
 
b.           If there is a potential conflict of interest between Visium and one or more Advisory Clients, Visium may vote such proxy as it determines to be in the best interest of the Advisory Clients, without taking any action described in (c) below, provided that such vote would be against the Firm's own interest in the matter (i.e., against the perceived or actual conflict). Visium will memorialize the rationale of such vote in writing; and
 
c.           If there is a potential conflict of interest between Visium and one or more Advisory Clients, and Visium believes it should vote in a way that may also benefit, or be perceived to benefit, its
 

 
23

 


 
own interest, then it must take one of the following actions in voting such proxy: (1) delegate the voting decision for such proxy proposal to an independent third party; (2) delegate the voting decision to an independent committee of partners, members, directors or other representatives of the affected Advisory Clients; (3) inform the Advisory Clients of the conflict of interest and obtain consent to (majority consent of Investors in the case of a Fund) vote the proxy as recommended by Visium; or (4) obtain approval of the decision from Visium’s Chief Compliance Officer.
 
C.            Procedures for Proxies
 
The Operations Group will check daily for any new proxy item and then deliver any new proxies to the relevant Portfolio Manager, who will determine how to vote the proxy by applying the parameters described above (or not to vote the proxy). Upon making a decision, the Portfolio Manager will relay this information back to the Operations Group, which will action the proxy using the Prime Broker’s online system.
 
In the event the Firm determines that the investing Advisory Clients should rely on the advice of an independent third party or a committee regarding the voting of a proxy, the Firm will submit the proxy to such third party or committee for a decision. The Operations Group will execute the proxy in accordance with such third party's or committee's decision.
 
D.            Record of Proxy Voting
 
The Operations Group will maintain written or electronic copies of each proxy statement received and of each executed proxy.
 
The Operations Group will also maintain records relating to each proxy, including (i) the voting decision with regard to each proxy and (ii) any documents created by the Portfolio Manager that were material to making the voting decision.
 
The Operations Group will maintain a record of each written request from an Investor or Managed Account for proxy voting information and the Firm's response to such request (oral or written).
 
The Chief Compliance Officer is responsible for ensuring that Investors and Managed Accounts are provided with (i) a description of Visium’s proxy voting policies and procedures and (ii) instructions about how they may obtain information from Visium on how Visium voted with respect to securities held by the relevant Advisory Client. Investor Relations is responsible for responding to requests regarding how Visium voted proxies. Investor Relations must immediately inform the Chief Compliance Officer of any requests about how Visium voted proxies.
 

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NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
POST-EFFECTIVE AMENDMENT NO. 11 ON FORM N-1A
 
PART C
 
OTHER INFORMATION
 
Item 28.
Exhibits.

Exhibit Number
Description
(a)
(1)
Restated Certificate of Trust.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds’ (“Registrant’s”) Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed October 15, 2010).
     
 
(2)
Trust Instrument, Amended and Restated.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed October 15, 2010).
     
 
(3)
Amended Trust Instrument Schedule A- Listing the Current Series and Classes of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds.  (Filed herewith).
   
(b)
By-Laws, Amended and Restated.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed October 15, 2010).
     
(c)
(1)
By-Laws, Amended and Restated, Articles V, VI, and VIII.  Incorporated by Reference to Item (b) above.
     
 
(2)
Trust Instrument, Amended and Restated, Articles IV, V and VI.  Incorporated by Reference to Item (a)(2) above.
     
(d)
(1)
(i) Management Agreement Between Registrant and Neuberger Berman Management LLC (“NB Management”).  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Management Agreement Schedules listing the current series of Registrant subject to the Management Agreement and the compensation under the Management Agreement.  (Filed herewith).
     
   
(iii) Form of Addendum to the Management Agreement with respect to Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).
     
 
(2)
(i) Sub-Advisory Agreement Between NB Management and Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC (“NBFI”) with respect to the Registrant.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Sub-Advisory Agreement Schedule listing the current series of Registrant subject to the NBFI Sub-Advisory Agreement. Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).
     
   
(iii) Form of Addendum to the Sub-Advisory Agreement with respect to Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund. Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).


 
 

 
Exhibit Number
Description

 
 
(3)
Sub-Advisory Agreement between NB Management and Neuberger Berman LLC with respect to Registrant. Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).
     
 
(4)
The form of Investment Advisory Agreement between NB Management and NB Alternative Investment Management LLC (“ NBAIM”) with respect to Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund is substantially identical to the Sub-Advisory Agreement Between NB Management and NBFI with respect to the Registrant in exhibit (d)(2).  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
 
(5)
Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement between NBAIM and each subadviser with respect to Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund. (Filed herewith).
     
(e)
(1)
(i) Distribution and Services Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Class A shares.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Distribution and Services Agreement Schedule with respect to Class A shares. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(2)
(i) Distribution and Services Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Class C shares.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Distribution and Services Agreement Schedule with respect to Class C shares. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(3)
(i) Distribution Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Institutional Class shares.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Distribution Agreement Schedule with respect to Institutional Class shares. (Filed herewith).
   
(f)
Bonus or Profit Sharing Contracts.  None.
     
(g)
 
Custodian Contract Between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company.  Incorporated by Reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 15, 2006).
     
(h)
(1)
Transfer Agency and Service Agreement between Registrant and State Street Bank and Trust Company.  Incorporated by Reference to Post Effective Amendment No. 116 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Neuberger Berman Equity Funds, File Nos. 2-11357 and 811-00582 (Filed June 2, 2006).
     
 
(2)
(i) Administration Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Class A shares.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Class A shares. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(3)
(i) Administration Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Class C shares for Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).


 
 

 
Exhibit Number
Description

 
   
(ii) Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Class C shares. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(4)
(i) Administration Agreement Between Registrant and NB Management with respect to Institutional Class shares for Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Institutional Class shares. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(5)
Expense Limitation Agreement with respect to Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares for Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 7 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
 
(6)
Expense Limitation Agreement with respect to Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares for Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund and Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).
     
 
(7)
The form of Expense Limitation Agreement with respect to Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares for Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund is substantially identical to the Expense Limitation Agreement between the Registrant and NB Management in exhibit (h)(6), except that the expense limits are as set forth in Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund’s statement of additional information. Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 9 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 28, 2011).
   
(i)
Opinion and Consent of K&L Gates LLP with Respect to Securities Matters of Registrant.  (To be filed by subsequent amendment).
   
(j)
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.  (To be filed by subsequent amendment).
   
(k)
Financial Statements Omitted from Prospectus.  None.
   
(l)
Letter of Investment Intent.  Incorporated by Reference to Pre-Effective Amendment No. 2 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 15, 2006).
     
(m)
(1)
(i) Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with respect to Class A shares.  (File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Schedule A to the Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with Respect to Class A Shares.  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(2)
(i) Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with respect to Class C shares.  (File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
     
   
(ii) Amended Schedule A to the Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with Respect to Class C Shares.  (Filed herewith).
   
(n)
Plan pursuant to Rule 18f-3 for Class A, Class C and Institutional Class shares.  (File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed December 29, 2010).
   
(o)
Powers of Attorney for Registrant.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 (Filed October 15, 2010).
     
(p)
(1)
Code of Ethics for Registrant, NB Management and NBAIM.  Incorporated by Reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 158 to the Registration Statement on Form N-1A of Neuberger Berman Equity Funds, File Nos. 2-11357 and 811-582 (Filed December 15, 2011).
     
 
(2)
Code of Ethics for The Boston Company Asset Management LLC .  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(3)
Code of Ethics for Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC.   (Filed herewith).


 
 

 
Exhibit Number
Description

 
 
(4)
Code of Ethics for GAMCO Asset Management, Inc .  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(5)
Code of Ethics for Levin Capital Strategies, L.P. .  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(6)
Code of Ethics for MacKay Shields LLC, Amended and Restated .  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(7)
Code of Ethics for Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. (Filed herewith).
     
 
(8)
Code of Ethics for Turner Investments, L.P .  (Filed herewith).
     
 
(9)
Code of Ethics for Visium Asset Management (Filed herewith).


Item 29 .
Persons Controlled By or Under Common Control with Registrant .
   
No person is controlled by or under common control with the Registrant.
 
Item 30 .
Indemnification .

A Delaware business trust may provide in its governing instrument for indemnification of its officers and trustees from and against any and all claims and demands whatsoever.  Article IX, Section 2 of the Trust Instrument provides that “every person who is, or has been, a Trustee or an officer, employee or agent of the Trust (“Covered Person”) shall be indemnified by the Trust or the appropriate Series to the fullest extent permitted by law against liability and against all expenses reasonably incurred or paid by him in connection with any claim, action, suit or proceeding in which he becomes involved as a party or otherwise by virtue of his being or having been a Covered Person and against amounts paid or incurred by him in the settlement thereof…”.  Indemnification will not be provided to a person adjudicated by a court or other body to be liable to the Registrant or its shareholders by reason of “willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of his office” (“Disabling Conduct”), or not to have acted in good faith in the reasonable belief that his or her action was in the best interest of the Registrant.  In the event of a settlement, no indemnification may be provided unless there has been a determination that the officer or trustee did not engage in Disabling Conduct (i) by the court or other body approving the settlement; (ii) by at least a majority of those trustees who are neither interested persons, as that term is defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), of the Registrant (“Independent Trustees”), nor parties to the matter based upon a review of readily available facts; or (iii) by written opinion of independent legal counsel based upon a review of readily available facts.
 
Pursuant to Article IX, Section 3 of the Trust Instrument, if any present or former shareholder of any series (“Series”) of the Registrant shall be held personally liable solely by reason of his or her being or having been a shareholder and not because of his or her acts or omissions or for some other reason, the present or former shareholder (or his or her heirs, executors, administrators or other legal representatives or in the case of any entity, its general successor) shall be entitled out of the assets belonging to the applicable Series to be held harmless from and indemnified against all loss and expense arising from such liability.  The Registrant, on behalf of the affected Series, shall, upon request by such shareholder, assume the defense of any claim made against such shareholder for any act or obligation of the Series and satisfy any judgment thereon from the assets of the Series.
 
Section 9 of the Management Agreement between Neuberger Berman Management LLC (“NB Management”) and the Registrant provides that neither NB Management nor any director, officer or employee of NB Management performing services for any series of the Registrant at the direction or request of NB Management in connection with NB Management’s discharge of its obligations under the Agreement shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by a series in connection with any matter to which the Agreement relates; provided, that nothing in the Agreement shall be construed (i) to protect NB Management against any liability to the Registrant or any series thereof or its interest holders to which NB Management would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties, or by reason of NB Management’s reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under the Agreement, or (ii) to protect any director, officer or employee of NB Management who is or was a trustee or officer of the Registrant against any liability to the Registrant or its interest holders to which such person would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of such person’s office with the Registrant.
 

 
 

 
 

 
Section 6 of the Investment Advisory Agreement between NB Management and  Neuberger Berman Fixed Income LLC (formerly known as Lehman Brothers Asset Management LLC) (“NBFI”) with respect to the Registrant provides that, neither NBFI nor any director, officer or employee of NBFI performing services for any series of the Registrant shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by NB Management or the Registrant in the absence of willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its duties and obligations under the Agreement.
 
Section 12 of the Administration Agreement between the Registrant and NB Management on behalf of each series of the Registrant provides that the Registrant shall indemnify NB Management and hold it harmless from and against any and all losses, damages and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, incurred by NB Management that result from:  (i) any claim, action, suit or proceeding in connection with NB Management’s entry into or performance of this Agreement with respect to such series; or (ii) any action taken or omission to act committed by NB Management in the performance of its obligations under the Agreement with  respect  to such series;  or (iii) any action of NB Management upon instructions  believed  in good  faith  by it to have  been  executed  by a duly authorized  officer or  representative of the Registrant with respect to such series; provided , that NB Management shall not be entitled to such  indemnification in respect of actions or omissions constituting  negligence or misconduct on the part of NB Management or that of its  employees,  agents  or  contractors.  Before confessing any claim against it which may be subject to indemnification by a series under the Agreement, NB Management shall give such series reasonable opportunity to defend against such claim in its own name or in the name of NB Management. Section 13 of the Administration Agreement provides that NB Management will indemnify the Registrant and hold it harmless from and against any and all losses, damages and expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees and expenses, incurred by the Registrant that result from:  (i) NB Management’s failure to comply with the terms of the Agreement; or (ii) NB Management’s lack of good faith in performing its obligations under the Agreement; or (iii) the negligence or misconduct of NB Management, or its employees, agents or contractors in connection with the Agreement.  The Registrant shall not be entitled to such indemnification in respect of actions or omissions constituting negligence or misconduct on the part of the Registrant or its employees, agents or contractors other than NB Management, unless such negligence or misconduct results from or is accompanied by negligence or misconduct on the part of NB Management, any affiliated person of NB Management, or any affiliated person of an affiliated person of NB Management.
 
Section 11 of the Distribution Agreement between the Registrant and NB Management provides that NB Management shall look only to the assets of a class of a series for the performance of the Agreement by the Registrant on behalf of such series, and neither the Shareholders, the Trustees nor any of the Registrant’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
 
Section 14 of the Distribution and Services Agreement between the Registrant and NB Management provides that NB Management shall look only to the assets of a class of a series for the performance of the Agreement by the Registrant on behalf of such series, and neither the Shareholders, the Trustees nor any of the Registrant’s officers, employees or agents, whether past, present or future, shall be personally liable therefor.
 
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”), may be permitted to trustees, officers and controlling persons of the Registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the Registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.  In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the Registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a trustee, officer or controlling person of the Registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such trustee, officer or controlling person, the Registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.  The Registrant also maintains Directors and Officers Insurance.
 

 
 

 
 

 
Item 31.
Business and Other Connections of Investment Adviser and Sub-Adviser.

There is set forth below information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each director or officer of NB Management and each executive officer of Neuberger Berman LLC is, or at any time during the past two years has been, engaged for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee.
 
NAME
BUSINESS AND OTHER CONNECTIONS
   
Joseph V. Amato
Chief Investment Officer (Equities) and Managing Director, NB Management
Chief Executive Officer and President, Neuberger Berman Holdings LLC (including its predecessor, Neuberger Berman Inc.); President, Chief Executive Officer and Chief Investment Officer, Neuberger Berman LLC; Director and Managing Director of NBFI; Board member, NBFI; Trustee, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Trustee, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Trustee, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Trustee, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Director, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Director, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Director, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Director, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Director, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.; formerly, Global Head of Asset Management in the Investment Management Division, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., 2006-2009; formerly, Member of the Investment Management Division’s Executive Management Committee, Lehman Brothers Holdings Inc., 2006-2009.
   
Thanos Bardas
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
John J. Barker
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Ann H. Benjamin
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Michael L. Bowyer
Managing Director, NB Management
Associate Portfolio Manager.
   
Claudia A. Brandon
Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Secretary, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.
   
David M. Brown
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
David H. Burshtan
Managing Director, NB Management
Portfolio Manager.
   
 
 
 
 

 
 
Robert Conti
President and Chief Executive Officer, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; President, Chief Executive Officer and Director, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.
   
William R. Covode
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Timothy Creedon
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Robert W. D’Alelio
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
John C. Donohue
Vice President, NB Management
Portfolio Manager.
   
John Dorogoff
Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director, NB Management
Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director, Neuberger Berman, LLC.
   
Ingrid Dyott
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Associate Portfolio Manager; Portfolio Manager.
   
Lawrence K. Fisher
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Daniel J. Fletcher
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Michael Foster
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Greg Francfort
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
William J. Furrer
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.


 
 

 
 
Maxine L. Gerson
Secretary, General Counsel and Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Deputy General Counsel and Assistant Secretary, Neuberger Berman LLC; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.
   
Anthony Gleason
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Richard Grau
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Michael C. Greene
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Todd E. Heltman
Vice President, NB Management
None; Formerly, Portfolio Manager.
   
William Hunter
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
James L. Iselin
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Andrew A. Johnson
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Brian Jones
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Kristina Kalebich
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Gerald Kaminsky
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Michael Kaminsky
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.


 
 

 


Brian Kerrane
Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President, NB Management
 
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.
   
Sajjad S. Ladiwala
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Associate Portfolio Manager.
   
David M. Levine
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Richard S. Levine
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Kristian J. Lind
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
James F. McAree
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
S. Blake Miller
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Arthur Moretti
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Richard S. Nackenson
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Benjamin H. Nahum
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Thomas P. O’Reilly
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Loraine Olavarria
Assistant Secretary, NB Management
None.
   
Kevin Pemberton
Vice President, NB Management
None.
   
Alexandra Pomeroy
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Elizabeth Reagan
Managing Director, NB Management
None.


 
 

 
 
Brett S. Reiner
Managing Director, NB Management
Associate Portfolio Manager.
   
Daniel D. Rosenblatt
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Conrad A. Saldanha
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Eli M. Salzmann
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Mindy Schwartzapfel
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Benjamin E. Segal
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Saurin Shah
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Steve S. Shigekawa
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Neil S. Siegel
Managing Director, NB Management
 
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Vice President, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.
   
Amit Soloman
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Thomas A. Sontag
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Managing Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.
   
Michelle B. Stein
Managing Director, NB Management
Portfolio Manager.
   
Mamundi Subhas
Senior Vice President, NB Management
Senior Vice President, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Bradley C. Tank
Chief Investment Officer (Fixed Income) and Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Managing Director, NBFI; Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer, Chief Investment Officer and Director, NBFI; Portfolio Manager.


 
 

 
 
Kenneth J. Turek
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Judith M. Vale
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Richard Werman
Managing Director, NB Management
Managing Director, Neuberger Berman LLC; Portfolio Manager.
   
Chamaine Williams
Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President, NB Management
Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Income Funds; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Equity Funds; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman New York Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman California Intermediate Municipal Fund Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman Real Estate Securities Income Fund Inc.; Chief Compliance Officer, Neuberger Berman High Yield Strategies Fund Inc.

 
The principal address of NB Management, Neuberger Berman LLC and of each of the investment companies named above, is 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of NBFI, together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of NBFI in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-61757) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of NBAIM , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of NBAIM in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-60730) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of The Boston Company Asset Management, LLC in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-6829) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-55244) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of GAMCO Asset Management, Inc. in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-14132) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of Levin Capital Strategies, LP , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and
 

 
 

 
 

 
officers of Levin Capital Strategies, LP in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-65045) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of MacKay Shields LLC , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of MacKay Shields LLC in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-5594) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of Sound Point Capital Management, L.P. in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-72515) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of Turner Investments, L.P. , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of Turner Investments, L.P. in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-36220) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Information as to the directors and officers of Visium Asset Management, LP , together with information as to any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature engaged in by the directors and officers of Visium Asset Management, LP in the last two years, is included in its application for registration as an investment adviser on Form ADV (File No. 801-72280) filed under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and is incorporated by reference thereto.
 
Item 32.
Principal Underwriters.

(a)           NB Management, the principal underwriter distributing securities of the Registrant, is also the principal underwriter and distributor for each of the following investment companies:
 
Neuberger Berman Advisers Management Trust
Neuberger Berman Equity Funds
Neuberger Berman Income Funds
 
(b)           Set forth below is information concerning the directors and officers of the Registrant’s principal underwriter.  The principal business address of each of the persons listed is 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158-0180, which is also the address of the Registrant’s principal underwriter.
 
NAME
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH UNDERWRITER
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH REGISTRANT
     
Joseph V. Amato
Chief Investment Officer (Equities) and Managing Director
Trustee
     
Thanos Bardas
Managing Director
None
     
John J. Barker
Managing Director
None
     
Ann H. Benjamin
Managing Director
None
     
Michael L. Bowyer
Managing Director
None
     
Claudia A. Brandon
Senior Vice President and Assistant Secretary
Executive Vice President and Secretary
     
David M. Brown
Managing Director
None
     
David H. Burshtan
Managing Director
None
     
Robert Conti
President and Chief Executive Officer
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
     
William R. Covode
Managing Director
None


 
 

 
 
NAME
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH UNDERWRITER
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH REGISTRANT

 
Timothy Creedon
Senior Vice President
None
     
Robert W. D’Alelio
Managing Director
None
     
John C. Donohue
Vice President
None
     
John Dorogoff
Chief Financial Officer and Managing Director
None
     
Ingrid Dyott
Managing Director
None
     
Lawrence K. Fisher
Managing Director
None
     
Daniel J. Fletcher
Managing Director
None
     
Michael Foster
Senior Vice President
None
     
Greg Francfort
Managing Director
None
     
William J. Furrer
Senior Vice President
None
     
Maxine L. Gerson
Secretary, General Counsel and Managing Director
Executive Vice President and Chief Legal Officer (only for purposes of sections 307 and 406 of the Sarbanes – Oxley Act of 2002)
     
Anthony Gleason
Managing Director
None
     
Richard Grau
Senior Vice President
None
     
Michael C. Greene
Managing Director
None
     
Todd E. Heltman
Vice President
None
     
William Hunter
Senior Vice President
None
     
James L. Iselin
Managing Director
None
     
Andrew A. Johnson
Managing Director
None
     
Brian Jones
Senior Vice President
None
     
Kristina Kalebich
Managing Director
None
     
Gerald Kaminsky
Managing Director
None
     
Michael Kaminsky
Managing Director
None
     
Brian Kerrane
Chief Administrative Officer and Senior Vice President
Senior Vice President
     
Sajjad S. Ladiwala
Managing Director
None
     
David M. Levine
Senior Vice President
None
     
Richard S. Levine
Managing Director
None
     
Kristian Lind
Senior Vice President
None
     
James F. McAree
Senior Vice President
None
     
S. Blake Miller
Senior Vice President
None
     
Arthur Moretti
Managing Director
None
     
Richard S. Nackenson
Managing Director
None
     
Benjamin H. Nahum
Managing Director
None
     
Thomas P. O’Reilly
Managing Director
None
     
Loraine Olavarria
Assistant Secretary
None
     
Kevin Pemberton
Vice President
None
     
Alexandra Pomeroy
Managing Director
None
     
Elizabeth Reagan
Managing Director
None
     
Brett S. Reiner
Managing Director
None
     
Daniel D. Rosenblatt
Managing Director
None
     
Conrad A. Saldanha
Managing Director
None


 
 

 
 
NAME
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH UNDERWRITER
POSITIONS AND OFFICES
WITH REGISTRANT

 
Eli M. Salzmann
Managing Director
None
     
Mindy Schwartzapfel
Senior Vice President
None
     
Benjamin E. Segal
Managing Director
None
     
Saurin Shah
Senior Vice President
None
     
Steve S. Shigekawa
Managing Director
None
     
Neil S. Siegel
Managing Director
Vice President
     
Amit Soloman
Senior Vice President
None
     
Thomas A. Sontag
Managing Director
None
     
Michelle B. Stein
Managing Director
None
     
Mamundi Subhas
Senior Vice President
None
     
Bradley C. Tank
Chief Investment Officer (Fixed Income) and Managing Director
None
     
Kenneth J. Turek
Managing Director
None
     
Judith M. Vale
Managing Director
None
     
Richard Werman
Managing Director
None
     
Chamaine Williams
Chief Compliance Officer and Senior Vice President
Chief Compliance Officer
 
(c)           No commissions or other compensation were received directly or indirectly from the Registrant by any principal underwriter who was not an affiliated person of the Registrant.
 
Item 33.
Location of Accounts and Records.

All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder with respect to the Registrant are maintained at the offices of State Street Bank and Trust Company, 2 Avenue de Lafayette, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, except for the Registrant’s Trust Instrument and By-Laws, minutes of meetings of the Registrant’s Trustees and shareholders and the Registrant’s policies and contracts, which are maintained at the offices of the Registrant, 605 Third Avenue, New York, New York 10158-0180.
 
Item 34.
Management Services.

Other than as set forth in Parts A and B of this Post-Effective Amendment, the Registrant is not a party to any management-related service contract.
 
Item 35.
Undertakings.

None.
 

 
 

 

SIGNATURES
 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “1933 Act”), and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 to its Registration Statement on Form N-1A to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City and State of New York on the 18 th day of January 2012.


 
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
 
 
By:
/s/ Robert Conti                                           
 
Name:
Robert Conti
 
Title:
President and Chief Executive Officer

 
Pursuant to the requirements of the 1933 Act, Post-Effective Amendment No. 11 has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature
Title
Date
 
 
/s/ Robert Conti
President, Chief Executive Officer and Trustee
January 18, 2012
Robert Conti
 
   
/s/ John M. McGovern
Treasurer and Principal Financial and Accounting Officer
January 18, 2012
John M. McGovern
 
   
/s/ Joseph V. Amato
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Joseph V. Amato*
 
   
/s/ John Cannon
Trustee
January 18, 2012
John Cannon*
 
   
/s/ Faith Colish
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Faith Colish*
 
   
/s/ Martha C. Goss
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Martha C. Goss*
 
   
/s/ C. Anne Harvey
Trustee
January 18, 2012
C. Anne Harvey*
 
   
/s/ Robert A. Kavesh
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Robert A. Kavesh*
 
   
/s/ Michael M. Knetter
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Michael M. Knetter*
 
   
/s/ Howard A. Mileaf
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Howard A. Mileaf*
 
   

 
 

 
 



Signature
Title
Date
 
/s/ George W. Morriss
Trustee
January 18, 2012
George W. Morriss*
   
 
 
   
/s/ Edward I. O’Brien
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Edward I. O’Brien*
 
   
/s/ Jack L. Rivkin
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Jack L. Rivkin*
 
   
/s/ Cornelius T. Ryan
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Cornelius T. Ryan*
 
   
/s/ Tom D. Seip
Chairman of the Board and Trustee
January 18, 2012
Tom D. Seip*
 
   
/s/ Candace L. Straight
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Candace L. Straight*
 
   
/s/ Peter P. Trapp
Trustee
January 18, 2012
Peter P. Trapp*
 
   
*Signatures affixed by Lori L. Schneider on January 18, 2012 pursuant to a power of attorney filed with Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form N-1A, File Nos. 333-122847 and 811-21715 on October 15, 2010.


 

 
 

 
 

 
 


NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
EXHIBIT INDEX
 
Exhibit Number
Description
 
   
(a) (3)
Amended Trust Instrument Schedule A- Listing the Current Series and Classes of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds.
   
(d)(1)(ii)
Amended Management Agreement Schedules listing the current series of Registrant subject to the Management Agreement and the compensation under the Management Agreement.
   
(d)(4)
Form of Sub-Advisory Agreement between NBAIM and each subadviser with respect to Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund.
   
(e)(1)(ii)
Amended Distribution and Services Agreement Schedule with respect to Class A shares.
   
(e)(2)(ii)
Amended Distribution and Services Agreement Schedule with respect to Class C shares.
   
(e)(3)(ii)
Amended Distribution Agreement Schedule with respect to Institutional Class shares.
   
(h)(2)(ii)
Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Class A shares.
   
(h)(3)(ii)
Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Class C shares.
   
(h)(4)(ii)
Amended Administration Agreement Schedule with respect to Institutional Class shares.
   
(m)(1)(ii)
Amended Schedule A to the Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with Respect to Class A Shares.  
   
(m)(2)(ii)
Amended Schedule A to the Plan Pursuant to Rule 12b-1 with Respect to Class C Shares.  
   
(p)(3)
Code of Ethics for The Boston Company Asset Management LLC .
   
(p)(4)
Code of Ethics for Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn LLC.
   
(p)(5)
Code of Ethics for GAMCO Asset Management, Inc .
   
(p)(6)
Code of Ethics for Levin Capital Strategies, L.P.
   
(p)(7)
Code of Ethics for MacKay Shields LLC.
   
(p)(8)
Code of Ethics for Sound Point Capital Management, L.P.
   
(p)(9)
Code of Ethics for Turner Investments, L.P.
   
(p)(10)
Code of Ethics for Visium Asset Management.
 
TRUST INSTRUMENT
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
SCHEDULE A



INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund

CLASS A
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund

CLASS C
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund

CLASS R3
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund



Dated December 14, 2011
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A

SERIES OF NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS



Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


Date: April 2, 2012


 
 

 
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
SCHEDULE B
RATE OF COMPENSATION

 
 Fund
 Rate of Compensation based on
 each Fund’s average daily net
 assets
 
 Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
 
 2.000% of the first $250 million
 1.975% of the next $250 million
 1.950% of the next $250 million
 1.925% of the next $250 million
 1.900% of the next $500 million
 1.875% of the next $2.5 billion
 1.850% in excess of $4 billion
 
 Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
 0.900% of the first $1 billion
 0.875% of the next $1 billion
 0.850% in excess of $2 billion
 
 Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
 1.200% of the first $250 million
 1.175% of the next $250 million
 1.150% of the next $250 million
 1.125% of the next $250 million
 1.100% of the next $500 million
 1.075% of the next $2.5 billion
 1.050% in excess of $4 billion
 
 Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Fund
 0.700% of the first $250 million
 0.675% of the next $250 million
 0.650% of the next $250 million
 0.625% of the next $250 million
 0.600% of the next $500 million
 0.575% of the next $2.5 billion
 0.550% in excess of $4 billion
 

 
Date: April 2, 2012

SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
This Sub-Advisory Agreement (“Agreement”) is made as of [__________________], between [__________________], a Delaware limited liability company (“NBM”), NB Alternative Investment Management LLC ("NBAIM") and [_____________], a [     ] (“Sub-Adviser”).  Throughout this Agreement, the term "Manager" refers to NBM or NBAIM, as appropriate.
 
WITNESSETH:
 
WHEREAS, Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (“Trust”) is registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), as an open-end, diversified management investment company and has established one or more separate series of shares (“Series”) with each Series having its own assets and investment policies; and
 
WHEREAS, Trust has retained NBM to provide investment advisory and administrative services to certain of the Series of the Trust pursuant to a Management Agreement dated [_____________], which agreement specifically provides for the retention of a sub-adviser to provide the investment advisory services described therein;
 
WHEREAS, NBM has retained NBAIM to provide investment advisory services to certain of the Series of the Trust pursuant to an Investment Advisory Agreement dated [__________], which agreement specifically provides for the retention of a sub-adviser to provide the investment advisory services described therein; and
 
WHEREAS, Manager desires to retain Sub-Adviser to furnish investment advisory and portfolio management services to the portion of each Series listed in Schedule A attached hereto that has been allocated to Sub-Adviser by the Manager, to the portion of such other Series of Trust hereinafter established as agreed to from time to time by the parties (“Allocated Portion”), evidenced by an addendum to Schedule A (hereinafter “Series” shall refer to each Series which is subject to this Agreement), and the Sub-Adviser is willing to furnish such services;
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and mutual covenants herein contained, it is agreed between the parties hereto as follows:
 
1.    SERVICES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF THE SUB-ADVISER
 
1.1   INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT SERVICES. The Sub-Adviser shall act as the investment subadviser to the Series and, as such, shall (i) obtain and evaluate such information relating to the economy, industries, businesses, securities markets and securities as it may deem necessary or useful in discharging its responsibilities hereunder, (ii) formulate a continuing program for the investment of the assets of the Allocated Portion in a manner consistent with its investment objectives, policies and restrictions and the investment guidelines as provided herein in Schedule B, and (iii) determine from time to time securities to be purchased, sold, retained, borrowed or lent by the Allocated Portion, and implement those decisions, including the selection of entities with or through which such purchases, sales or loans are to be effected; provided, that the Sub-Adviser will place orders pursuant to its investment determinations either directly with the issuer or with a broker or dealer.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
The Sub-Adviser will select brokers and dealers to effect all portfolio transactions subject to the conditions set forth herein. The Sub-Adviser will place all necessary orders with brokers, dealers, or issuers, and will negotiate brokerage commissions, if applicable. [The Sub-Adviser is directed at all times to seek to execute transactions for the Allocated Portion (i) in accordance with any written policies, practices or procedures that may be established by the Board of Trustees or the Manager from time to time and which have been provided to the Sub-Adviser or (ii) as described in the Series’s Prospectus and SAI.] In placing any orders for the purchase or sale of investments for the Series, in the name of  the Allocated Portion or its nominees, the Sub-Adviser shall use its best efforts to obtain for the Allocated Portion “best execution”, considering all of the circumstances, and shall maintain records adequate to demonstrate compliance with this requirement. In no instance will portfolio securities be purchased from or sold to the Manager or the Sub-Adviser, or any of their affiliated persons, except in accordance with the 1940 Act, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”), and the rules under each, and all other federal and state laws or regulations applicable to the Trust and the Series.
 
The Sub-Adviser agrees that it will not execute any portfolio transactions for the Allocated Portion with a broker or dealer which is (i) an affiliated person of the Fund, including the Manager or any sub-adviser for the Fund; (ii) a principal underwriter of the Fund's shares; or (iii) an affiliated person of such an affiliated person or principal underwriter, unless such transactions are (x) exempt under Rules 10f-3(b) or 17a-10, (y) executed in accordance with Rule 17e-1 of the 1940 Act and the Fund's Rule 17e-1 procedures, as adopted in accordance with Rule 17e-1 or (z)executed in accordance with Rule 10f-3(c) of the 1940 and the Fund's Rule 10f-3(c) procedures, as adopted in accordance with Rule 10f-3. The Manager agrees that it will provide the Sub-Adviser with a written list of such brokers and dealers and will, from time to time, update such list as necessary. The Sub-Adviser agrees that it will provide the Manager with a written list of brokers and dealers that are affiliates of the Sub-Adviser and will, from time to time, update such list as necessary.

Subject to the appropriate policies and procedures approved by the Board of Trustees, the Sub-Adviser may, to the extent authorized by Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”) cause the Allocated Portion to pay a broker or dealer that provides brokerage or research services to the Manager, the Sub-Adviser and the Allocated Portion an amount of commission for effecting a Series transaction in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if the Sub-Adviser determines, in good faith, that such amount of commission is reasonable in relationship to the value of such brokerage or research services provided viewed in terms of that particular transaction or the Sub-Adviser’s overall responsibilities to the Series or its other advisory clients. To the extent authorized by Section 28(e) and the Board of Trustees, the Sub-Adviser shall not be deemed to have acted unlawfully or to have breached any duty created by this Agreement or otherwise solely by reason of such action. Subject to seeking best execution, the Board of Trustees or the Manager may direct the Sub-Adviser to effect transactions in portfolio securities through broker-dealers in a manner that will help generate resources to pay the cost of certain expenses that the Trust is required to pay or for which the Trust is required to arrange payment.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
On occasions when the Sub-Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of the Allocated Portion as well as other clients of the Sub-Adviser, the Sub-Adviser to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may, but shall be under no obligation to, aggregate the securities to be purchased or sold to attempt to obtain a more favorable price or lower brokerage commissions and efficient execution. Allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Sub-Adviser in the manner which the Sub-Adviser considers to be the most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations to the Allocated Portion and to its other clients over time.
 
The Sub-Adviser shall provide assistance to the Manager, the custodian or recordkeeping agent for the Trust in determining or confirming, consistent with the procedures and policies stated in the Trust’s registration statement on Form N-1A with respect to the Series (“Registration Statement”), the value of any portfolio securities or other assets of the Allocated Portion for which the Manager, custodian or recordkeeping agent seeks assistance from the Sub-Adviser or identifies for review by the Sub-Adviser.  This assistance includes (but is not limited to): (i) designating and providing access to one or more employees of the Sub-Adviser who are knowledgeable about the security/issuer, its financial condition, trading and/or other relevant factors for valuation, which employees shall be available for consultation when the Manager’s Valuation Committee convenes; (ii) assisting the Manager or the custodian in obtaining bids and offers or quotes from broker/dealers or market-makers with respect to securities held by the Allocated Portion, upon the reasonable request of the Manager or custodian; (iii) upon the request of the Manager or the custodian, confirming pricing and providing recommendations for fair valuations; and (iv) maintaining adequate records and written backup information with respect to the securities valuation assistance provided hereunder, and providing such information to the Manager or the Trust upon request, with such records being deemed Trust records.

 
The Series hereby authorizes any entity or person associated with the Sub-Adviser which is a member of a national securities exchange to effect or execute any transaction on the exchange for the account of the Series which is permitted by Section 11(a) of the Exchange Act and Rule 11a2-2(T) thereunder, and the Series hereby consents to the retention of compensation for such transactions in accordance with Rule 11a2-2(T)(a)(2)(iv).
 
The Sub-Adviser shall discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the control of the officers and Trustees of the Trust (the “Trustees”) and consistent with the investment objectives, policies and restrictions of the Series as adopted by the Trustees, and subject to such further limitations as the Series may from time to time impose by written notice to the Sub-Adviser and in compliance with applicable laws and regulations.
 
The Sub-Adviser will be an independent contractor and will have no authority to act for or represent the Trust, Series or the Manager in any way or otherwise be deemed an agent of the Trust, Series or the Manager except as expressly authorized in this Agreement or another writing by the Trust, the Manager and the Sub-Adviser.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
1.2           ADMINISTRATIVE SERVICES.  The Sub-Adviser shall:

1.2.1 BOOKS AND RECORDS. Assure that all records required to be maintained and preserved by Trust and/or the Series with respect to securities transactions are maintained and preserved by it or on its behalf in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

1.2.2 REPORTS AND FILINGS. Provide reasonable assistance as needed in the preparation of (but not pay for) all periodic reports by Trust or the Series to shareholders of the Series and all reports and filings required to maintain the registration and qualification of the Series, or to meet other regulatory or tax requirements applicable to the Series, under federal and state securities and tax laws. Sub-Adviser shall review draft reports to shareholders, Registration Statements or portions thereof that relate to the Series or the Sub-Adviser and other documents provided to the Sub-Adviser, provide comments on such drafts on a timely basis, and provide certifications or sub-certifications on a timely basis as to the accuracy of the information contained in such reports or other documents.  Sub-Adviser will prepare and cause to be filed in a timely manner Form 13F and, if required, Schedule 13G with respect to securities held for the account of the Series that is advised by Sub-Adviser.
 
1.2.3 REPORTS TO THE MANAGER AND THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES. Prepare and furnish to Manager and/or the Trust’s Board of Trustees (the “Board” or the “Trustees”) such reports, statistical data and other information in such form and at such intervals as Manager and/or the Board may reasonably request. Sub-Adviser shall also make available to the Manager and the Board at reasonable times its portfolio managers and other appropriate personnel as mutually agreed by the Manager and Sub-Adviser, either in person or, at the mutual convenience of the Manager, the Board and the Sub-Adviser, by telephone or other electronic media, in order to review the investment policies, performance and other matters relating to the management of the Series;
 
1.2.4 NOTIFICATIONS AND CERTIFICATIONS TO MANAGER.  The Sub-Adviser shall:
 
(i) Promptly notify the Manager in the event that the Sub-Adviser or any of its affiliates becomes aware that the Sub-Adviser: (a) is subject to a statutory disqualification that prevents the Sub-Adviser from serving as investment adviser pursuant to this Agreement; (b) fails to be registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act or under the laws of any jurisdiction in which the Sub-Adviser is required to be registered as an investment adviser in order to perform its obligations under this Agreement; (c) is the subject of an administrative proceeding or enforcement action by the SEC or other regulatory authority; (d) is served or otherwise receives notice of any action, suit, proceeding, inquiry or investigation, at law or in equity, before or by any court, public board or body, or governmental authority, involving the affairs of the Trust, the Sub-Adviser, or the Manager or any of their affiliates; or (e) is involved in any pending litigation or administrative proceeding brought against the Sub-Adviser or any of its
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
management persons (as defined in Rule 206(4)-4 under the Advisers Act).   The Sub-Adviser further agrees to notify the Fund and the Manager promptly of any material fact known to the Sub-Adviser respecting or relating to the Sub-Adviser that is not contained in the Trust’s Registration Statement, as amended and supplemented from time to time, regarding the Series, or any amendment or supplement thereto, but that is required to be disclosed therein, and of any statement contained therein that becomes untrue in any material respect. The Sub-Adviser will notify the Trust, the Manager and the Board if its chief executive officer or any member of the portfolio management team named in the Registration Statement for the Fund changes, or if there is an actual change in control or management of the Sub-Adviser within the meaning of Rules 2a-6 and 202(a)(1)-1 under the 1940 Act and Advisers Act, respectively, in both cases either prior to or immediately after such event. The Sub-Adviser will promptly notify the Trust, the Manager and the Board of any change in the Sub-Adviser’s financial condition which would impact its abilities to perform its duties hereunder and of any reduction in the amount of coverage under the Sub-Adviser’s errors and omissions or professional liability insurance coverage;
 
(ii) Provide the Manager, the Trust or the Board with such information and assurances (including certifications and sub-certifications) as the Manager, the Trust or the Board may reasonably request from time to time in order to assist in complying with applicable laws, rules and regulations, including requirements in connection with the preparation and/or filing of the Fund’s Registration Statement, Form N-CSRs and Form N-Qs;
 
(iii) As reasonably requested by the Trust on behalf of the Trust’s officers and in accordance with the scope of Sub-Adviser’s obligations and responsibilities contained in this Agreement (i.e., with respect to the Allocated Portion and the Sub-Adviser’s provision of portfolio management services hereunder), Sub-Adviser will provide reasonable assistance to the Trust in connection with the Trust’s compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules and regulations promulgated by the SEC thereunder, and Rule 38a-1 of the 1940 Act. Specifically, the Sub-Adviser agrees to (a) certify periodically, upon the reasonable request of the Trust, that with respect to the Allocated Portion and the Sub-Adviser’s provision of portfolio management services hereunder, it is in compliance with all applicable “federal securities laws”, as required by Rule 38a-l under the 1940 Act, and Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act; (b) upon request and reasonable prior notice, cooperate with third-party audits arranged by the Trust to evaluate the effectiveness of the Trust’s compliance controls; (c) upon request and reasonable prior notice, provide the Trust’s chief compliance officer with direct access to its chief compliance officer (or his/her designee); (d) upon request, provide the Trust’s chief compliance officer with periodic reports and (e) promptly provide notice of any material compliance matters; and
 
(iv) Within forty-five days of the end of the last calendar quarter of each year that this Agreement is in effect, and as otherwise requested, provide the Manager with a certification from the president, chief operating officer or a vice-president of the Sub-Adviser that the Sub-Adviser has complied with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act during the previous year and that there has been no material violation of the Sub-Adviser’s code of ethics or, if such a material violation has occurred, that
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
appropriate action was taken in response to such violation. Upon the written request of the Manager, the Sub-Adviser shall permit the Manager, its employees or its agents to examine the reports required to be made to the Sub-Adviser by Rule 17j-1(c)(1) and all other records relevant to the Sub-Adviser’s code of ethics.
 
1.2.4 OTHER SERVICES. The Sub-Adviser shall perform such other functions of management and supervision as may be reasonably requested by the Manager and agreed to by the Sub-Adviser.
 
2.     REPRESENTATIONS
 
2.1 REPRESENTATIONS OF THE SUB-ADVISER. The Sub-Adviser represents warrants and agrees that:
 
(i)   It has all requisite power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement;
 
(ii) It is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”) and will continue to be so registered during the term of this Agreement;
 
(iii) It has adopted and implemented a written code of ethics complying with the requirements of Rule 17j-1 under the 1940 Act (the “Code of Ethics”) and, if it has not already done so, will provide the Adviser and the Trust with a copy of such Code of Ethics and any amendments thereto;
 
(iv) It has adopted and implemented written policies and procedures, as required by Rule 206(4)-7 under the Advisers Act, which are reasonably designed to prevent violations of federal securities laws by the Sub-Adviser, its employees, officers, and agents (“Compliance Procedures”)  and, the Adviser and the Trust have been provided  a copy of a summary of the Compliance Procedures and any amendments thereto;
 
(v) It has delivered to the Manager copies of its Form ADV as most recently filed with the SEC and will provide the Adviser and the Trust with a copy of any future filings of Form ADV or any amendments thereto;
 
(vi) It is not prohibited by the 1940 Act or the Advisers Act from performing the services contemplated by this Agreement and will promptly notify the Adviser and the
 
Trust of the occurrence of any event that would disqualify the Sub-Adviser from serving as an investment adviser to a Fund pursuant to Section 9(a) of the 1940 Act or other applicable law, rule or regulation;
 
(vii) It shall use no material, non-public information concerning portfolio companies that may be in or come into its possession or the possession of any of its
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
affiliates or employees, nor will the Sub-Adviser seek to obtain any such information, in providing investment advice or investment management services to the Series; and
 
(viii) It maintains an appropriate level of errors and omissions or professional liability insurance coverage from an insurance company that has a minimum credit rating of A- from at least one national recognized credit rating agency.
 
2.2 REPRESENTATIONS OF THE MANAGER: The Manager represents warrants and agrees that:
 
(i)_   It has all requisite power and authority to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, and has taken all necessary corporate action to authorize its execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement; and
 
(ii) It is registered as an investment adviser under the Advisers Act and will continue to be so registered during the term of this Agreement.
 
3.    ADVISORY FEE
 
3.1   FEE. As compensation for all services rendered, facilities provided and expenses paid or assumed by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement, Manager shall pay the Sub-Adviser an annual fee as set out in Schedule B to this Agreement.  The Sub-Adviser represents and warrants that in no event shall the Sub-Adviser provide investment advisory services to any U.S. registered investment company client with a similar investment strategy to the strategy it employs in providing such services to the Allocated Portion pursuant to this Agreement at a rate of compensation less than that provided for in Schedule C.
 
3.2   COMPUTATION AND PAYMENT OF FEE. The advisory fee shall accrue on each calendar day, and shall be payable within 30 days of the last day of each calendar quarter ( i.e. , March 31, June 30, September 30 and December 31). The daily fee accruals shall be computed by multiplying the fraction of one divided by the number of days in the calendar year by the applicable annual advisory fee rate (as set forth in Schedule C hereto), and multiplying this product by the net assets of the Series, determined in the manner established by the Trustees, as of the close of business on the last preceding business day on which the Series' net asset value was determined.
 
3.3   EXPENSES
 
 During the term of this Agreement, Sub-Adviser will pay all expenses incurred by it in connection with its activities under this Agreement other than the cost of securities (including brokerage commissions, if any) purchased for any Series.  The Sub-Adviser
 
shall be responsible for all the costs associated with any special meetings of the Trustees or shareholders convened for the primary benefit of the Sub-Adviser (including, but not limited to, the legal fees associated with preparing a proxy statement and associated mailing and solicitation costs).
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
4.     OWNERSHIP AND HOLDING PERIOD OF RECORDS
 
All records required to be maintained and preserved by the Series pursuant to the rules or regulations under Section 31(a) of the 1940 Act and maintained and preserved by the Sub-Adviser on behalf of the Series are the property of the Series and shall be surrendered by the Sub-Adviser promptly on request by the Series or the Manager; provided, that the Sub-Adviser may at its own expense make and retain copies of any such records. The Sub-Adviser agrees to preserve for the period prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act any such records required to be maintained by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act.
 
5.  TRANSACTIONS AND CUSTODY
 
All transactions will be consummated by payment to or delivery by the custodian designated by the Trust (the “Custodian”), or such depositories or agents as may be designated by the Custodian in writing, of all cash and/or securities due to or from the Allocated Portion, and   the Sub-Adviser shall not have possession or custody thereof . The Sub-Adviser shall advise the Custodian and confirm in writing to the Trust, to the Manager and any other designated agent of the Fund, including the Fund’s Administrator, all investment orders   for the Allocated Portion placed by it with brokers and dealers at the time and in the manner set forth in Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act. For purposes of the foregoing sentence, communication via electronic means will be acceptable as agreed to in writing   from time to time by the Manager. The Trust shall issue to the Custodian such instructions as may be appropriate in connection with the settlement of any transaction initiated by   the Sub-Adviser .

 
6.    REPORTS TO SUB-ADVISER
 
Manager shall furnish or otherwise make available to the Sub-Adviser such copies of the Registration Statement, financial statements, proxy statements, reports, and other information relating to the Series' business and affairs as the Sub-Adviser may, at any time or from time to time, reasonably require in order to discharge its obligations under this Agreement.
 
7.    CONFIDENTIALITY
 
Sub-Adviser will not disclose or use any records or information obtained pursuant to this Agreement in any manner whatsoever except as expressly authorized in this Agreement or as reasonably required to execute transactions on behalf of the Series, and will keep confidential any non-public information obtained directly as a result of this service relationship, and the Sub-Adviser shall disclose such non-public information only if the Manager or the Trustees have authorized such disclosure by prior written consent, or if such information is or hereafter otherwise is known by the Sub-Adviser or has been disclosed, directly or indirectly, by the Manager or the Trust to others becomes ascertainable from public or published information or trade sources, or if such disclosure
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
is expressly required or requested by applicable federal or state regulatory authorities, or to the extent such disclosure is reasonably required by auditors or attorneys of the Sub-Adviser in connection with the performance of their professional services or as may otherwise be contemplated by this Agreement. Sub-Adviser shall not disclose information regarding characteristics of the Series or Allocated Portion, trading history, portfolio holdings, performance information or any other related information to any third-party, except in compliance with the Trust’s policies on disclosure of portfolio holdings and/or as required by applicable law or regulation. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Sub-Adviser may disclose the total return earned by the Allocated Portion and may include such total return in the calculation of composite performance information.
 
Sub-Adviser may not consult with any other sub-adviser of the Series concerning transactions in securities or other assets for any investment portfolio of the Trusts, including the Funds, except that such consultations are permitted between the current and successor sub-advisers of a Fund in order to effect an orderly transition of sub-advisory duties so long as such consultations are not concerning transactions prohibited by Section 17(a) of the 1940 Act.
 
8.    SERVICES TO OTHER CLIENTS
 
Nothing herein contained shall limit the freedom of the Sub-Adviser or any affiliated person of the Sub-Adviser to render investment management services to other investment companies, to act as investment Sub-Adviser or investment counselor to other persons, firms or corporations, or to engage in other business activities.
 
9. PROXY VOTING
 
The Sub-Adviser shall vote all proxies solicited by or with respect to the issuers of securities in which the assets of the Allocated Portfion may be invested in accordance with the Sub-Adviser’s proxy voting policies and procedures and in a manner that complies with applicable law; maintain records of all proxies voted on behalf of the Fund in respect of the Allocation Portion; and provide information to the Trust, Manager or their designated agent in a manner that is sufficiently complete and timely to ensure the Trust’s compliance with its filing obligations under Rule 30b1-4 of the 1940 Act.

10. USE OF NAMES AND LOGOS
 
The Sub-Adviser hereby consents to the use of its name and the names of its affiliates in the Trust’s disclosure documents, shareholder communications, advertising, sales literature and similar communications. The Sub-Adviser shall not use the name or any tradename, trademark, trade device, service mark, symbol or any abbreviation, contraction or simulation thereof of the Manager, the Trust, the Series or any of their affiliates in its marketing materials unless it first receives prior written approval of the Manager. It is understood that the name of each party to this Agreement, and any derivatives thereof or logos associated with that name, is the valuable property of the party in question and its affiliates, and that each other party has the right to use such names pursuant to the relationship created by, and in accordance with the terms of, this Agreement only so long as this Agreement shall continue in effect. Upon termination of
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
this Agreement, the parties shall forthwith cease to use the names of the other parties (or any derivative or logo) as appropriate and to the extent that continued use is not required by applicable laws, rules and regulations.
 
11.      LIMITATION OF LIABILITY; INDEMNIFICATION
 
Neither the Sub-Adviser nor any director, officer or employee of the Sub-Adviser performing services for the Series in connection with the Sub-Adviser's discharge of its obligations hereunder shall be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss suffered by the Manager or a Series in connection with any matter to which this Agreement relates; provided, that nothing herein contained shall be construed to protect the Sub-Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Sub-Adviser against any liability to Trust or a Series or its shareholders to which the Sub-Adviser would otherwise be subject by reason of (i) the Sub-Adviser's willful misfeasance, bad faith, or negligence  in the performance of the Sub-Adviser's duties, or by reason of the Sub-Adviser's reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement, , or (ii) any untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus and SAI, Registration Statement, proxy materials, reports, advertisements, sales literature, or other materials pertaining to the Allocated Portion or the Sub-Adviser or the omission to state therein a material fact known to the Sub-Adviser which was required to be stated therein or necessary to make the statements therein not misleading, if such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished to the Manager or the Trust by the Sub-Adviser or any director, officer, agent or employee of the Sub-Adviser for use therein.
 
The Sub-Adviser agrees to indemnify and hold harmless the Trust and the Manager and its affiliates and each of their directors, officers, agents and employeesagainst any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses), to which the Manager or its affiliates or such directors, officers, agents or employees are subject, which are caused by Sub-Adviser’s disabling conduct as provided in (i) and (ii) of the above paragraph; provided, however, that in no case is the Sub-Adviser’s indemnity in favor of any person deemed to protect such other persons against any liability to which such person would otherwise be subject by reasons of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of his, her or its duties or by reason of his, her or its reckless disregard of obligation and duties under this Agreement.
 
The Sub-Adviser shall not be liable to the Manager its officers, directors, agents, employees, controlling persons or shareholders or to the Trust or its shareholders for (i) any acts of the Manager or any other subadviser to the Series with respect to the portion of the assets of Series not managed by Sub-Adviser and (ii) acts of the Sub-Adviser which result from or are based upon acts of the Manager, including, but not limited to, a failure of the Manager to provide accurate and current information with respect to any records maintained by Manager or any other subadviser to the Series, which records are not also maintained by the Sub-Adviser or, to the extent such records relate to the portion of the assets managed by the Sub-Adviser, otherwise available to the Sub-Adviser upon reasonable request. The Manager and Sub-Adviser each agree that the
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Sub-Adviser shall manage the Allocated Portion as if it was a separate operating portfolio and shall comply with subsections (a) and (b) of Section 1 of this Sub-Advisory Agreement (including, but not limited to, the investment objectives, policies and restrictions applicable to the Series and qualifications of the Series as a regulated investment company under the Code) only with respect to the Allocated Portion. The Manager shall indemnify the Sub-Adviser from any and all losses, claims, damages, liabilities or litigation (including reasonable legal and other expenses) arising from the conduct of the Manager or the Series.
 
12.    TERM OF AGREEMENT
 
The term of this Agreement shall begin on the date first above written with respect to each Series listed in Schedule A on that date and, unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided, this Agreement shall remain in effect through [____________]. With respect to each Series added by execution of an Addendum to Schedule A, the term of this Agreement shall begin on the date of such execution and, unless sooner terminated as hereinafter provided, this Agreement shall remain in effect through the second [_________] following the date of execution. Thereafter, in each case, this Agreement shall continue in effect with respect to each Series from year to year, subject to the termination provisions and all other terms and conditions hereof, provided, such continuance with respect to a Series is approved at least annually by vote of the holders of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Series or by the Trustees, provided, that in either event such continuance is also approved annually by the vote, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval, of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of either party hereto; and provided further that neither party hereto shall have notified the other party in writing at least sixty (60) days prior to the first expiration date hereof or at least sixty (60) days prior to any expiration date hereof of any year thereafter that it does not desire such continuation. The Sub-Adviser shall furnish to the Manager, promptly upon its request, such information as the Trustees of the Trust deem reasonably necessary to evaluate the terms of this Agreement or any extension, renewal or amendment thereof.
 
13.    AMENDMENT OR ASSIGNMENT OF AGREEMENT
 
Any amendment to this Agreement shall be in writing signed by the parties hereto; provided, that no such amendment shall be effective unless authorized on behalf of any Series (i) by resolution of the Trustees, including the vote or written consent of a majority of the Trustees who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of either party hereto, and (ii), as and to the extent required under the 1940 Act, by vote of a majority of
 
the outstanding voting securities of the Series. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately in the event of its assignment.
 
14.    TERMINATION OF AGREEMENT
 
This Agreement may be terminated at any time with respect to any Series by a vote of a majority of the Trustees, or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities (as
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
defined in the 1940 Act) of the Series, voting separately from any other series of the Trust, or by the Manager, without the payment of any penalty, on not less than 30 nor more than sixty (60) days' prior written notice to the Sub-Adviser. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately with respect to a Series if the Management Agreement between the Trust and Manager terminates with respect to that Series.  This Agreement may be terminated by the Sub-Adviser at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 120 days’ written notice to the Manager and the Trust.  The termination of this Agreement with respect to any Series or the addition of any Series to Schedule A hereto (in the manner required by the Act) shall not affect the continued effectiveness of this Agreement with respect to each other Series subject hereto.
 
15.   INTERPRETATION AND DEFINITION OF TERMS
 
Any question of interpretation of any term or provision of this Agreement having a counterpart in or otherwise derived from a term or provision of the 1940 Act shall be resolved by reference to such term or provision of the 1940 Act and to interpretation thereof, if any, by the United States courts or, in the absence of any controlling decision of any such court, by rules, regulations or orders of the Securities and Exchange Commission validly issued pursuant to the 1940 Act. Specifically, the terms “vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities,” “interested person,” “assignment” and “affiliated person,” as used in this Agreement shall have the meanings assigned to them by Section 2(a) of the 1940 Act. In addition, when the effect of a requirement of the 1940 Act reflected in any provision of this Agreement is modified, interpreted or relaxed by a rule, regulation or order of the Securities and Exchange Commission, whether of special or of general application, such provision shall be deemed to incorporate the effect of such rule, regulation or order.
 
16.   CHOICE OF LAW
 
This Agreement is made and to be principally performed in the State of New York and except insofar as the 1940 Act or other federal laws and regulations may be controlling, this Agreement shall be governed by, and construed and enforced in accordance with, the internal laws of the State of New York.
 
17.   CAPTIONS
 
The captions in this Agreement are included for convenience of reference only and in no way define or delineate any of the provisions hereof or otherwise affect their construction or effect.
 
18.   EXECUTION IN COUNTERPARTS
 
This Agreement may be executed simultaneously in counterparts, each of which shall be deemed an original, but all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be signed by their respective officers thereunto duly authorized and their respective seals to be hereunto affixed, as of the day and year first above written.
 
NEUBERGER BERMAN MANAGEMENT LLC
   
   
Name:
Title:
 
 
NB ALTERNATIVE INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC 
 
   
Name: 
Title: 
 
 
 
[______________]
 
 
   
   
Name:
Title:
 
 
Date:  [______________]

 
 
 
 
 
 
SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
SCHEDULE A
 
SERIES OF NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
Neuberger Berman [______________] Fund
 
Date: [______________]



 
 
 
 


SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
SCHEDULE B
 

 
INVESTMENT GUIDELINES
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS
 
SCHEDULE C
 
RATE OF COMPENSATION
 

FUND
RATE OF COMPENSATION BASED ON EACH FUND'S AVERAGE DAILY NET ASSETS
Neuberger Berman [______________] Fund
0.[__]% on Allocated Portion

 
Date:  [______________]

NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS A
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A

The Series currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012

NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS C
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICES AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A

The Series currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012



NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
DISTRIBUTION AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A


The Series currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012



NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS A
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A


The Class A of the Series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:
 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012

NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS C
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A
  
  
  

The Class C of the Series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:
    
  
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012


NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

INSTITUTIONAL CLASS
ADMINISTRATION AGREEMENT

SCHEDULE A

 

The Institutional Class of the Series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds currently subject to this Agreement is as follows:

 
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund


 
Date: April 2, 2012
NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS A
PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1

SCHEDULE A

Class A of the following series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds is subject to this Plan Pursuant to 12b-1, at the fee rates specified:


Series
Fee
(as a Percentage of Average
Daily Net Assets of Class A)
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund
 
0.25%





Date: April 2, 2012





 


NEUBERGER BERMAN ALTERNATIVE FUNDS

CLASS C
PLAN PURSUANT TO RULE 12b-1

SCHEDULE A

Class C of the following series of Neuberger Berman Alternative Funds is subject to this Plan Pursuant to 12b-1, at the fee rates specified:



Series
Distribution Fee
(as a Percentage of Average
Daily Net Assets of Class C)
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
0.75%
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
0.75%
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
0.75%
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund
 
0.75%



Series
Service Fee
(as a Percentage of Average
Daily Net Assets of Class C)
Neuberger Berman Absolute Return Multi-Manager Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Global Allocation Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Long Short Fund
0.25%
Neuberger Berman Risk Balanced Commodity Strategy Fund
 
0.25%



Dated:  April 2, 2012

 

 
Code of Conduct
 
Doing What’s Right
 
 
 
 
 
 
Table of Contents

CHAIRMAN’S LETTER
1
   
DOING WHAT’S RIGHT
2
   
HOW TO REPORT A CONCERN
3
   
KEY PRINCIPLES OF OUR CODE
4
   
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT OUR CODE OF CONDUCT
5-9
   
Our values
5
   
Purpose of our Code
6
   
Who must follow this Code?
6
   
Waivers of the Code for executive officers
6
   
What is expected of employees?
7
   
What is expected of managers?
8
   
Responsibility to ask questions and report concerns
8
   
What happens when a concern is reported?
9
   
Zero tolerance for retaliation
9
   
Cooperating with an investigation
9
   
RESPECTING OTHERS
10-13
   
Mutual respect and professional treatment
10
   
Harassment-free environment
12
   
Safety and security
13
   
Managers’ responsibilities
13
   
AVOIDING CONFLICTS
14-23
   
Overview
14
   
Gifts and entertainment
15
   
Outside employment and business dealings
18
   
Outside service as a director, officer or general partner
20
   
Ownership of an outside business
21
   
Fiduciary appointments
21
   
Personal investment decisions
21
   
Dealing with family and close personal friends
22
   
Corporate opportunities
23
   
CONDUCTING BUSINESS
24-27
   
Fair competition and anti-trust
24
   
Anti-corruption and improper payments
26
   
Combating financial crime and money laundering
27
   
WORKING WITH GOVERNMENTS
28-29
   
Your obligations
28
   
Basic principles
29
   
PROTECTING ASSETS
30-36
   
Financial integrity
30
   
Additional standards for senior financial professionals
31
   
Use of company assets
31
   
Protecting client and employee records and observing our privacy principles
32
   
Records management
33
   
Use of computers, systems and corporate information
33
   
Inside or proprietary information
35
   
SUPPORTING OUR COMMUNITIES
37-39
   
Political activities
37
   
Investor and media relations
38
   
Charitable contributions and corporate sponsorship
39
   
Participating in trade associations, conferences and speaking engagements
39
   
ADDITIONAL HELP
40-41

 

 
The Code of Conduct does not alter the terms and conditions of your employment. Rather, it helps each of us to know what must be done to make sure we always Do What’s Right . The most current version of the Code can be found on MySource.
 
Throughout the Code, references to company policies apply only to global policies that cover all employees and do not include additional policies you must follow that are specific to your location or line of business. The Code is not intended to fully describe the requirements of referenced policies, which can be found in their entirety on MySource.
 
CHAIRMAN’S LETTER
 
Dear Colleague:
 
At The Bank of New York Mellon, nothing is more important than Doing What’s Right.
 
Our commitment to Ethics and Compliance is at the heart of our business and our organization. It defines us as a company and guides us as individuals who work to deliver our values — Client Focus, Trust, Teamwork and Outperformance — day in and day out.
 
But, Doing What’s Right means knowing what’s right, and sometimes that’s not as simple as it seems. There are countless laws and regulations we have to comply with and various company policies and procedures to which we must adhere. Understanding it all can be difficult. That’s why we have updated our Code of Conduct to make it easier to read and understand.
 
Our aim is to put into everyday language the basics you need to know as you go about your daily work. We can’t cover everything here, but this should give you a good sense of the fundamental concepts that apply across businesses and geographies, and all in text that is straightforward and free of jargon and legalisms.
 
Yet, I want to stress that your best indicator of right and wrong is your own instinct. If  something seems wrong to you, you should and must speak up. Ask questions. Get more information until you are satisfied. And if you’re not satisfied, then speak to your manager or your manager’s manager or someone from Legal, Audit, Compliance, Human Resources, or our Ethics Hot Line and Ethics Help Line.
 
This responsibility to speak up is another good reason why our Code of Conduct is so important. It can help clarify what’s right and what isn’t, and it can guide you in how to take the appropriate action when necessary.
 
So, please take the time to read the Code as soon as possible. This is one of the easiest and most important steps you can take to ensure that you always Do What’s Right.
 
Robert P. Kelly
Chief Executive Officer
The Bank of New York Mellon
 
DOING WHAT’S RIGHT
 
At The Bank of New York Mellon, “ Doing What’s Right ” means
 
Contributing to an ethical culture is expected and valued,
 
Conducting business in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations, and in accordance with the highest ethical standards,
 
Fostering honest, fair and open communication,
 
Demonstrating respect for our clients, communities and one another,
 
Being accountable for your own and team actions, and
 
Being willing to take a stand to correct or prevent any improper activity or business mistake.
 
How to Do What’s Right
 
Put company values, policies and procedures into action,
 
Know the laws and regulations affecting your job duties and follow them,
 
Take responsibility for talking to someone if you see a problem, and
 
Ask questions if you are unsure of the right thing to do.
 
When you are uncertain, ask yourself these questions
 
Could the action affect the company’s reputation?
 
Would it look bad if reported in the media?
 
Am I uncomfortable taking part in this action or knowing about it?
 
Is there any question of illegality?
 
Will the action be questionable with the passage of time?
 
If the answer to any of these questions is “yes,” ask more questions. Keep asking until you get a satisfactory answer. Talk to your manager, the Compliance and Ethics Department, Legal or Human Resources, or call the Ethics Office before doing anything further. Don’t stop asking until you get the help you need.
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT .
 
HOW TO REPORT A CONCERN:
 
Usually, the best place to start is by talking to your manager. If this makes you uncomfortable, then consider the options below.
 

 
Ethics Help Line

Ethics Help Line (operated by members of the company’s Ethics Office)
 
United States and Canada: 1-888-635-5662
 
Europe: 00-800-710-63562
 
Brazil: 0800-891-3813
 
Australia: 0011-800-710-63562
 
Asia: 001-800-710-63562 (except Japan)
 
Japan: appropriate international access code + 800-710-63562
 
All other locations: call collect to 412-236-7519
 
Please note that your phone call can be anonymous.
 
E-mail: ethics@bnymellon.com (To remain anonymous, please use the telephone help line for reporting your concern.)
 

 
Ethics Hot Line

Ethics Hot Line (operated by EthicsPoint, an independent hotline administrator)
 
United States and Canada: 1- 866-294-4696
 
Outside the United States dial the AT&T Direct Access Number for your country and carrier, then 866-294-4696
 
 
AT&T Direct Access Numbers by Country/Carrier
 
 
United Kingdom: British Telecom 0-800-89-0011; C&W 0-500-89-0011; NTL 0-800-013-0011
 
 
India: 000-117
 
 
Brazil: 0-800-890-0288
 
 
Ireland: 1-800-550-000; Universal International Freephone 00-800-222-55288
 
 
Japan: IDC 00 665-5111; JT 00 441-1111; KDDI 00 539-111
 
 
Australia: Telstra 1-800-881-011; Optus 1-800-551-155
 
 
Hong Kong: Hong Kong Telephone 800-96-1111; New World Telephone 800-93-2266
 
 
Singapore: Sing Tel 800-011-1111; StarHub 800-001-0001
 
Web Report: http://www.ethicspoint.com (hosted on EthicsPoint’s secure servers and is not part of the company’s web site or intranet).
 
Please note that all contacts to EthicsPoint can be anonymous.
 

 
Incident Reporting

Incident Reporting
 
If your concern involves potential criminal or unusual client activity, you must file an Incident Report within 72 hours. In the US, you can file an Incident Report using the icon on your PC desktop. In other locations, you should contact your compliance officer for assistance in following country-specific guidelines.
 

 
Director’s Mailbox

Director’s Mailbox
 
If your concern involves questionable accounting or auditing matters, you may also report your concern to the Presiding Director of the Board (who is independent of management). You can contact the Presiding Director by sending an e-mail to non-managementdirector@ bnymellon.com or by postal mail addressed to:
 
The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation
Church Street Station
PO Box 2164
New York, New York 10008-2164 USA
Attention: Non-Management Director

 
Please note the postal mail option can be anonymous.
 
KEY PRINCIPLES OF OUR CODE
 
Respecting others
 
We are committed to fostering an inclusive workplace where talented people want to stay and develop their careers. Supporting a diverse, engaged workforce allows us to be successful in building trust, empowering teams, serving our clients and outperforming our peers. We give equal employment opportunity to all individuals in compliance with legal requirements and because it’s the right thing to do.
 
Avoiding conflicts
 
We make our business decisions free from conflicting outside influences. Our business decisions are based on our duty to The Bank of New York Mellon and our clients, and not driven by any personal interest or gain. We are alert to any potential conflict of interest and ensure we identify and mitigate or eliminate any such conflict.
 
Conducting business
 
We secure business based on honest competition in the marketplace, which contributes to the success of our company, our clients and our shareholders. We compete in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. We support worldwide efforts to combat financial corruption and financial crime.
 
Working with governments
 
We follow all requirements that apply to doing business with governments.  We recognize that practices that may be acceptable when dealing with a private company that is the client may cause problems or be a violation of law when working with a government.
 
Protecting assets
 
We ensure all entries made in the company’s books and records are complete and accurate, and comply with established accounting and record-keeping procedures. We maintain confidentiality of all forms of data and information entrusted to us, and prevent the misuse of information belonging to the company or any client.
 
Supporting our communities
 
We take an active part in our communities around the world, both as individuals and as a company. Our long-term success is linked to the strength of the global economy and the strength of our industry. We are honest, fair and transparent in every way that we interact with our communities and the public at large.
 
WHAT YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT OUR CODE OF CONDUCT
 
Our Values
 
Our values provide the framework for our decision-making and guide our business conduct. Incorporating these values into our actions helps us to do what is right and protect the reputation of the company.
 
Client focus: Being our clients’ “partner of choice” by delivering the world’s best client service
 
Trust: Acting with the highest standards of integrity and openness to ensure the trust of those we serve
 
Teamwork: Fostering diversity and collaboration, and empowering employees to deliver our very best
 
Outperformance: Consistently exceeding the expectations of our clients, communities, shareholders and each other
 
What our values do:
 
Explain what we stand for and our shared culture
 
Span geographies and lines of business
 
Represent the promises made to our clients, communities, shareholders and each other
 
Are critical to our success
 
At the foundation of our Code of Conduct are our Values – Client Focus, Trust, Teamwork and Outperformance .
 
Our values underscore our commitment to be a client-focused, trusted financial institution driven by an empowered global team dedicated to outperforming in every market we serve.
 
Compliance with the letter and the spirit of our Code of Conduct, laws and regulations, policies and procedures is not optional. It’s how we do business: it’s the embodiment of Doing What’s Right.
 
Purpose of our Code
 
Today’s global marketplace is filled with a host of new challenges and changes, but one constant guides us — the mandate to meet the highest standards of legal and ethical integrity.
 
The Code of Conduct is the foundation of our commitment to Doing What’s Right , but it is not intended to describe every law or policy that applies to you. Nor does it address every business situation you may face. You’re expected to use common sense and good judgment, and seek advice when you’re unsure of the proper response to a particular situation.
 
The Code provides the framework and sets the expectations for business conduct. It clarifies our responsibilities to each other, clients, suppliers, government officials, competitors and the communities we serve. It outlines important legal and ethical issues. Failing to meet these standards could expose our company to serious damage.
 
Who must follow this Code?
 
All employees worldwide who work for The Bank of New York Mellon or an entity that is more than 50 percent owned by the company must adhere to the standards in our Code. No employee is exempt from these requirements, regardless of the position you hold, the location of your job or the number of hours you work. If you oversee vendors, consultants or temporary workers, you must supervise their work to ensure their actions are consistent with the key principles in this Code.
 
Waivers of the Code for Executive Officers
 
Waivers of the Code are not permitted for any executive officer of The Bank of New York Mellon, unless the waiver is made by the company’s Board of Directors (or a committee of the Board) and disclosed promptly to shareholders. Individuals who are deemed to be “executive officers” of The Bank of New York Mellon will be notified as appropriate.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I work outside of the US. Do US laws apply to me?
 
A:  The Bank of New York Mellon does business all over the world, which means that you may be subject to laws of countries other than the one in which you live. You must follow those laws that apply to your business duties, wherever you work. The Bank of New York Mellon is the parent of our operating companies and is incorporated in the US, so US laws may apply to certain business activities even if they are conducted outside of the US. The reverse may also be true — other countries may apply their laws outside of their boundaries. If you have questions about the laws that apply to your business activity, ask your manager or contact the Legal representative who supports your line of business.

 
What is expected of employees?
 
You’re responsible for contributing to our culture of Doing What’s Right by knowing the rules that apply to your job. This includes company policies, procedures, laws and regulations governing the country and businesses in which you work. Some lines of business may have more restrictive policies and procedures, and certain countries may have laws that are unique to a location. In these situations, you’re expected to follow the more restrictive rules.
 
You’re expected to ask your manager if you have questions about performing your job.   If you do not get an adequate response, it’s your duty to keep asking until you get a satisfactory answer. You must question any request that does not comply with company policies, laws or regulations, or is inconsistent with our Code of Conduct.
 
No manager or leader in our company can ask you to violate a law or regulation, or to act in a manner inconsistent with our Code of Conduct. You should challenge any such request and alert appropriate individuals.
 
You’re expected to comply with applicable laws and regulations and follow this Code, including the spirit of its intent. The penalty for violating any provision may be disciplinary action up to and including dismissal. If you violate a criminal law applicable to the company’s business, the matter will be reported to the appropriate authorities.
 
You are required to use CODE RAP (Code R eports and Permissions) to report or obtain approval for certain activities that are noted throughout the Code of Conduct and various company policies (e.g., gifts, entertainment and certain outside employment or positions). CODE RAP is a web-based system that can be used from any PC with an Internet connection. Secure logon credentials are required to access CODE RAP and you can learn more by visiting MySource, the company’s intranet site.  If you need assistance or do not have access to a PC, ask your manager for help.
 
You’re obligated to comply fully with our Code of Conduct and may be required to certify your compliance with the Code. You will be notified of any required certifications.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  Where do I go for help if I’m uncomfortable talking to my management?
 
A:  You can contact the Ethics Help Line or the Ethics Hot Line. The contact information is located in the Code of Conduct, on MySource and on the company’s public Internet site.

What is expected of managers?
 
Those who manage or supervise others have a special obligation to set an example in Doing What’s Right. Some of the ways you’re expected to demonstrate this leadership include:
 
Creating a culture of compliance and ethics,
 
Ensuring employees have the relevant resources to understand their job duties,
 
Monitoring compliance with the Code of Conduct, company policies and procedures of the employees you supervise,
 
Fostering an environment in which employees are comfortable raising questions and concerns without fear of retaliation,
 
Reporting instances of non-compliance to the proper management level,
 
Taking appropriate disciplinary action for compliance and ethics violations, and
 
Reviewing the Code of Conduct no less than annually with your staff.
 
Responsibility To Ask Questions And Report Concerns
 
It’s important that you speak up if you have a question or concern about what to do in a certain situation or if you believe someone is doing — or about to do — something that violates the law, company policy or our Code of Conduct. If you have a genuine concern, you must raise it promptly. The longer you wait, the worse the situation may become.
 
If you have a question or concern, your manager is usually a good place to start. Other people you may go to for help or advice are:
 
Your manager’s manager
 
Your line of business Compliance officer
 
Someone in the Human Resources or the Legal department
 
The important thing is that you speak up. If your concern is not addressed, raise it through other channels. You can always contact the Ethics Office through the Ethics Help Line or Ethics Hot Line.
 
You can also visit the Doing What’s Right section of the Compliance and Ethics page on MySource for more information on reporting an issue or incident.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  Can I report a concern anonymously?
 
A:  Yes, you can report your concern to the Ethics Help Line or Ethics Hot Line anonymously if you wish.

 
What happens when a concern is reported?
 
When you report a concern to the Ethics Help Line or Ethics Hot Line, your concerns will be taken seriously and investigated fully. Be prepared to give detailed information about your concern. You can choose to be anonymous if you want. Your confidentiality will be protected to the fullest extent possible and every effort will be made to quickly resolve your concern.
 
These reporting mechanisms are meant to be used only when you have a genuine concern that something is wrong. You will not be provided protection for your own misconduct just because you filed a report or if you knowingly give a false report.
 
Zero tolerance for retaliation
 
Anyone who reports a concern or reports misconduct in good faith, and with the reasonable belief that the information is true, is demonstrating a commitment to our values and following our Code of Conduct. The company has zero tolerance for acts of retaliation. Zero means zero. No one has the authority to justify an act of retaliation. Any employee who engages in retaliation will be subject to disciplinary action, which may include dismissal.
 
Cooperating with an investigation
 
You’re expected to cooperate with any investigation into alleged violations of our Code of Conduct, laws, regulations, policies or procedures, and are expected to be truthful and forthcoming during any investigation. This includes situations where you are an involved party, a witness, or are asked to provide information as part of an investigation. Any attempt to withhold information, sabotage or otherwise interfere with an investigation may be subject to any level of disciplinary action up to and including dismissal.
 
Remember, investigations are confidential company matters. You are not allowed to discuss any aspect of an investigation, even the fact that an investigation is being conducted, with any person not authorized to know it, including your co-workers and managers, as well as people outside of the company.
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT .
 
KEY PRINCIPLE:  Respecting Others
 
Respecting Others
 
We are committed to fostering an inclusive workplace where talented people want to stay and develop their careers. Supporting a diverse, engaged workforce allows us to be successful in building trust, empowering teams, serving our clients and outperforming our peers. We give equal employment opportunity to all individuals in compliance with legal requirements and because it’s the right thing to do.
 
MUTUAL RESPECT AND PROFESSIONAL TREATMENT
HARASSMENT-FREE ENVIRONMENT
SAFETY AND SECURITY
MANAGERS’ RESPONSIBILITIES
 
Key Principle: Respecting Others
 
Mutual respect and professional treatment
 
One of our values is Teamwork and nothing damages a team more quickly than a lack of mutual respect. For our company to be successful, we all must work together toward common goals. Employees and managers share a mutual responsibility to keep one another informed of any infor­mation that may be important to job performance and to understanding the organization. You’re expected to treat your fellow employees professionally — it’s what we owe each other in the workplace.
 
The company recognizes your right to form personal relationships with those you meet in the workplace; however, you’re expected to use good judgment to ensure your personal relationships do not negatively affect your job performance or interfere with your ability to supervise others. Favoritism, open displays of affection and making business decisions based on emotions or personal relationships are inappropriate.
 
Situations that involve borrowing money, or making loans between employees, or between one employee and a family member of another employee must be avoided, unless it is of an incidental nature involving a minimal amount of money. Managers should be particularly sensitive to situations involving lending money to those who report to them and avoid these workplace situations.
 
(Reference: Loans from One Employee to Another)
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I asked a question in a staff meeting and the response I received was offensive — several people laughed at me and I was mortified. What should I do?
 
A:  The response you received was inappropriate. Healthy communication can only occur in environments where different opinions can be expressed and respectful debate occurs. It’s okay to disagree with a colleague. However, it must be done in a professional and respectful way. Talk to the person who made the remark. If you feel uncomfortable doing so, speak with your manager or Human Resources.

Similarly, gifts and entertainment between employees (including family members of another employee) can create conflicts. Company policy places limits on the amounts that are permissible and amounts above those estab­lished limits require approval via CODE RAP.
 
(Reference: Gifts and Entertainment from One Employee to Another)
 
Managers must also be aware of situations where family members or close personal friends may also work at The Bank of New York Mellon.  The company prohibits any work situations where there is a direct reporting relationship between family members. In addition, wherever possible, situations should be avoided that involve family members working in the same business unit at the same location, or family members working in positions where they can jointly control or influence transactions. Senior executives must be aware that there are restrictions on hiring family members. If you encounter such a situation or are aware of one, you should contact Human Resources for guidance.
 
(Reference: Hiring and Continued Employment of Employees’ Relatives or Individuals Sharing Employees’ Household)
 
Harrassment-free environment
 
The Bank of New York Mellon will not tolerate any form of harassment or discrimination. Harassment can be verbal, physical or include visual images where the effect creates an offensive atmosphere. It can take many forms and includes jokes, slurs and offensive remarks, whether delivered verbally, graphically or in electronic media, including e-mail.
 
Harassment also includes disrespectful behavior or remarks that involve a person’s race, color, sex, age, sexual orientation, gender identity, religion, disability, national origin or any other legally protected status. Certain local laws or regulations may provide additional protection for employees, so check with Human Resources or the Legal department in your local area if you have questions.
 
Some countries have specific laws concerning sexual harassment that include:
 
Intentional or unintentional, unwelcome sexual advances with or without touching
 
Coerced sexual acts
 
Requests or demands for sexual favors
 
Other verbal or physical conduct of a sexual nature
 
Our commitment to a harassment-free environment applies in all work-related settings and activities, whether on or off company premises, and extends to employees’ actions toward clients and vendors.
 
Harassment of any kind will not be tolerated in the workplace.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  A colleague makes comments about my appearance that make me feel uncomfortable. I’ve told my colleague that I don’t like these comments, but they continue and I’m told I’m too sensitive. What am I supposed to do?
 
A:  You should talk to your manager and ask for help. If you do not feel comfortable talking to your manager, talk to Human Resources or call the Ethics Help Line or Ethics Hot Line.

Safety and security
 
The Bank of New York Mellon is committed to establishing and maintaining safe and healthy working conditions at all locations and to complying with laws that pertain to employee workplace safety. Listed below are some of the principles of maintaining a safe and secure workplace:
 
You must contribute to maintaining a workplace free from aggression. Threats, intimidating behavior or any acts of violence will not be tolerated.
 
You may not use, possess, sell or transfer illegal drugs on company property. In addition, you won’t be permitted to work if you’re using illegal drugs or impaired by alcohol.
 
You may not bring weapons onto company property. This includes weapons used for sporting purposes or otherwise legal to possess. Weapons of any kind have no place in the work environment.
 
You should be alert to individuals who are on company premises without proper authorization. Make sure you observe all physical access rules in your location and report incidents of unauthorized entry to your manager or to security personnel.
 
(Reference: Company Identification Card Issuance; Display and Use of Company Identification)
 

 
Q & A
 
Q:  I have reason to believe that a colleague is coming to the office intoxicated. What should I do?
 
A:  You should notify your manager immediately. If you’re uncomfortable discussing this with your manager, contact Human Resources.

Managers’ responsibilities
 
As part of a worldwide financial services organization, managers have a special responsibility to demonstrate our values through their actions. Managers must foster an environment of integrity, honesty and respect. This includes creating a work environment that is free from discrimination, harassment, intimidation or bullying of any kind. This type of behavior will not be tolerated and is inconsistent with our values and the Code of Conduct.
 
Managers also must ensure that all aspects of the employment relationship are free from bias and that decisions are based upon individual performance and merit.
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT.
 
KEY PRINCIPLE:  Avoiding Conflicts
 
Avoiding Conflicts
 
We make our business decisions free from conflicting outside influences. Our business decisions are based on our duty to The Bank of New York Mellon and our clients, and not driven by any personal interest or gain. We are alert to any potential conflict of interest and ensure we identify and mitigate or eliminate any such conflict.
 
GIFTS AND ENTERTAINMENT
OUTSIDE EMPLOYMENT AND BUSINESS DEALINGS
OUTSIDE SERVICE AS A DIRECTOR, OFFICER OR GENERAL PARTNER OWNERSHIP OF AN OUTSIDE BUSINESS
FIDUCIARY APPOINTMENTS
PERSONAL INVESTMENT DECISIONS
DEALING WITH FAMILY AND CLOSE PERSONAL FRIENDS CORPORATE OPPORTUNITIES
 
Key Principles: Avoiding Conflicts
 
Overview
 
The way we conduct our daily business dealings with clients, suppliers, vendors and competitors determines our reputation in the marketplace far more than any other actions we take. Each one of us contributes to The Bank of New York Mellon’s reputation. You’re expected always to act in a way that reflects our commitment to integrity and responsible business behavior.
 
A conflict of interest is any situation where your interests and the company’s interests are, or appear to be, in opposition. When you’re in such a situation, it’s difficult to objectively fulfill your job duties and your loyalty to the company may be compromised — or appear to be compromised. Every business decision you make should be in the best interests of the company and not for your own personal gain or benefit. So, you may not engage in any activity that creates, or even appears to create, a conflict of interest between you and The Bank of New York Mellon. You should not take any business action, including any loan or guarantee, for your personal benefit, or to benefit a relative or close friend at the expense of the company’s best interests.
 
If you believe you have a conflict of interest, or may be perceived to have such a conflict, you must disclose this to your Compliance Officer or to the Ethics Office. You’re expected to cooperate fully with all efforts to resolve any such conflict. The routine activities on the following pages can give rise to an actual or perceived conflict of interest.
 
(Reference: Conflicts of Interest)
 
Even if the conflict does not create an improper action, the appearance of a conflict of interest can be equally damaging to our reputation.
 
Gifts and entertainment
 
Our clients, suppliers and vendors are vital to The Bank of New York Mellon’s success. That’s why it’s imperative that these relationships remain objective and fair. While business gifts and entertainment can be important to building goodwill, they can also affect the relationship if your ability to exercise sound business judgment becomes blurred. To prevent misun­derstandings, it’s recommended that, at the beginning of the business relationship, you discuss with your clients, suppliers and vendors what is permissible under our Code.
 
Fundamentally, interactions with exist­ing or prospective clients, suppliers and vendors are business relationships that should be treated accordingly. The inappropriate giving or receiving of gifts and entertainment can erode the distinction between a business and a personal relationship. An appropriate benchmark is whether public disclo­sure of any gift or entertainment you accept or give would embarrass you or damage The Bank of New York Mellon’s reputation.
 
If your judgment begins to be influenced inappropriately by a close relationship with a client, supplier or vendor, then you have crossed the line and you should remove yourself from that relationship.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  My line of business is considering asking a local vendor that we use from time to time to donate small gifts to a local charity. since we’re not getting anything of value, can we assume this is allowable?
 
A:  No. This is inappropriate. Asking vendors or suppliers to donate gifts, even if nominal in amount and for a charitable purpose, gives the impression that they must honor our request to continue doing business with the company.

 
The basic principle is that no gift or entertainment may be accepted or provided if it obligates you, or appears to obligate you, to the individual receiving or giving the gift or entertainment. Gifts and entertain­ment should be defined in the broadest sense to include money, securities, business opportunities, goods, services, discounts on goods or services, entertainment, food, drink and any similar items.
 
In addition to the rules noted on the next page that apply across the company, certain lines of business may have more restrictive rules and requirements. You are expected to know and follow the more rigorous standards that may apply to your job or your location.
 
The following are NOT allowed, regardless of the value:
 
Accepting or giving anything as a “quid pro quo”, that is for doing something in return for the gift or entertainment,
 
Accepting or giving cash or cash equivalents (e.g., checks, cash convertible gift certificates or cards, securities and loans),
 
Accepting or giving a gift or entertainment that violates any law or regulation or brings harm to The Bank of New York Mellon’s reputation,
 
Accepting or giving anything that could be viewed as a bribe, payoff or improper influence,
 
Accepting or giving a gift or entertainment that violates any standard of conduct for your profession, especially if you hold a license or a certification,
 
Using your position in any way to obtain anything of value from prospective or existing clients, suppliers, vendors or persons to whom you refer business,
 
Providing entertainment that is lavish or too frequent for an existing or prospective client, vendor or supplier,
 
Participating in any entertainment that is inappropriate, sexually oriented or inconsistent with ethical business practices,
 
Accepting gifts or entertainment from, or giving them to, any vendor or supplier during the selection or sourcing process, whether or not you are the primary relationship manager or involved directly in the negotiation to secure the products or services,
 
Participating in any action that would cause the other person to violate their own company’s standards for gifts and entertainment, and
 
Providing gifts or entertainment to an existing or prospective client, supplier or vendor not recorded properly in the company books and records.
 

 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I am vacationing in the Caribbean and my client has a home on the island that I’m visiting. she’s been asking me to stay in her home.   I’ll make sure we discuss business and I may even be able to get some business referrals from her friends. there won’t be any expense to the Bank of New York Mellon. Can I stay in the client’s home?
 
A:  No. Staying in a client’s home is inappropriate. Your client is a business associate, not a personal friend. This type of entertainment could be viewed as improper and could bring harm to the company’s reputation if disclosed to the public. The fact that the company is not paying for any expenses is not relevant. You should thank the client for the kind suggestion, explain our policy and politely decline the offer.

The following require express pre-approval or reporting via CODE RAP before you proceed. Approval is required whether you’re the recipient of the gift or entertainment, or you’re providing such to a client, vendor or supplier:
 
Accepting a gift or bequest under a will or trust document of a client of The Bank of New York Mellon, regardless of the amount,
 
Attending special, high-profile events, such as World Cup matches or Super Bowl games, regardless of the stated amount on the tickets,
 
Giving or receiving any gift or entertainment that exceeds amounts permissible in company policy (entertainment includes meals, refreshments or other accommodations, but should only be considered business entertainment if given in connection with a legitimate business meeting), and
 
Giving gifts or entertainment to any US government official (federal, state and local)
 
 
The laws surrounding gifts or entertainment to government officials are complex, so you should ask your manager for assistance or contact the Government Contracting Unit of Compliance with questions.
 
 

 
Q & A
 
Q:  I’m worried about the impression my office is giving to the community. We host what I consider to be lavish parties for prospective clients and some people seem to be constantly “entertaining” clients. Should I be worried?
 
A:  It depends. It could be that your colleagues are engaging in legitimate business entertainment. It’s possible that the entertainment complies with the Code of Conduct and company policies, and you may not have all the facts. You should talk to your manager or the next level of management about your concern. If you’re uncomfortable doing this or you get an unsatisfactory answer, contact the Ethics Help Line or the Ethics Hot Line to report your concern.
   
The following are usually acceptable, but you should raise questions if you’re in doubt:
 
Gifts based upon obvious family or long-standing, personal relationships (such as those between you and your parents, children, spouse or a childhood friend), where the circumstances make it clear that those relationships are the motivating factor for the gift, rather than the business relationship,
 
Gifts of a nominal value (under $100 US or local equivalent), but only if the gift is given in connection with a commonly recognized event or occasion (e.g., holiday, job event such as a promotion or retirement, life event such as a wedding, or a business event such as a conference, sports or cultural event). Even in these situations, you must report the gift or entertainment to your direct manager,
 
Promotional items of a nominal value, such as pens, calendars, paperweights,
 
Items with little intrinsic value, such as plaques, certificates and trophies recognizing service and accomplishments for civic, charitable, educational or religious organizations,
 
Discounts or rebates on merchandise or services that do not exceed those available to the general public or available to you as an employee of the company, and
 
Loans from other financial institutions, so long as they are on customary terms for legally permissible purposes.
 
If you receive a gift not in compliance with these requirements, you must immediately return the gift to the sender. If appropriate, you should send a letter explaining the company’s policy or your business line’s policies.
 
(Reference: Policy on Gifts, Entertainment, and Other Payments)
 
Outside employment and business dealings
 
Certain types of outside employment or business dealings may cause a conflict of interest or the appearance of a conflict. It’s your responsibility to recognize these situations.   Any activity that diminishes your ability to perform your job duties objectively, benefits you at the expense of the Bank of New York Mellon, competes with any business or service provided by the company, or has the potential to damage our reputation will not be permitted.
 
Certain types of outside employment or business dealings may not be accepted while employed by The Bank of New York Mellon, including:
 
Employment or association with companies or organizations that prepare, audit or certify statements or documents pertinent to the company’s business,
 
Employment with clients, competitors, vendors or suppliers that you deal with in the normal course of your job duties, and
 
Any business relationship with a client, prospect, supplier, vendor or agent of the company (other than normal consumer transactions conducted through ordinary retail sources).
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  A colleague of mine works part-time for a company that provides office supplies, such as paper and pens, to the Bank of New York Mellon.  Should I be concerned that his outside employment could be a conflict?
 
A:  It does not seem likely this would be a conflict, so long as your colleague is not involved in the decision making process to purchase supplies from the outside company or approve invoices or payments to the supplier. If you’re concerned, you may want to talk with your manager. In addition, you can always contact your Compliance Officer or the Ethics Office for guidance.

Certain types of outside employment and business dealings require approval from the company before acceptance. You must seek approval via CODE RAP. Depending upon your job duties or other regulatory requirements, your request may be denied or limits may be placed upon your activities. The following positions require approval:
 
Employment involving the use of a professional license even if that license is not required for you to perform your current duties (e.g., FINRA, real estate, insurance, certified accountant and attorney),
 
Employment involving providing tax advice or tax return preparation,
 
Any type of employment in the financial services industry,
 
Employment that could compete with the company or divert business opportunities in any way,
 
Any position that is similar in nature to your present job duties and involves a “knowledge transfer” to the other organization,
 
Jobs that adversely affect the quality of your work, distract your attention from your job duties or otherwise influence your judgment when acting on behalf of the company,
 
Employment of any kind that would negatively impact the company’s financial or professional reputation, and
 
Serving as an expert witness, industry arbitrator or other similar litigation support that is unrelated to The Bank of New York Mellon, as these activities generally take a significant amount of time and have the potential to create conflicts of interest (e.g., taking a position that is contrary to company policies or procedures or otherwise conflicts with the interests of our clients).
 
Even if your outside employment is approved or permissible under the Code, you may not solicit employees, clients, vendors or suppliers, nor may you utilize the company’s name, time, property, supplies or equipment. All approvals granted for outside employ­ment expire after one year. Annual re-approval via CODE RAP is required since facts and circumstances may change.
 
(Reference: Outside Affiliations, Outside Employment, and Certain Outside Compensation Issues)
 
Outside service as a director, officer or general partner
 
You must obtain prior approval before you serve as a board member, officer or general partner of the following:
 
All for-profit companies, and
 
Non-profit entities, where any of the following circumstances exist:
 
 
There is a client, business or financial relationship between the entity and The Bank of New York Mellon, including receiving charitable contributions, grants or foundation money.
 
The entity is a trade or industry organization (e.g., Financial Industry Regulatory Authority or the Chartered Financial Analyst Institute).
 
You receive any type of compensation (e.g., cash, securities, goods, services).
 
The entity is any type of government agency or your position is considered to be a public official (whether elected or appointed).
 
You have been asked by The Bank of New York Mellon to serve the organization.
 
You may not serve until you have full approval from the bank of New York Mellon as required by policy and documented in CODE RAP. If you are compensated, you may be required to surrender the compensation if there is a potential conflict of interest or you’re serving the outside entity on behalf of The Bank of New York Mellon. Annual re-approval via CODE RAP is required as facts and circumstances may change, so you may not be given permission to serve every year.
 
Even if the service does not require approval, you must notify The Bank of New York Mellon of any anticipated negative publicity, and you must follow these guidelines while you serve:
 
Never attempt to influence or take part in votes or decisions that may lead to the use of a Bank of New York Mellon product, service or other type of benefit to the company; the entity records must reflect that you abstained from such a vote or discussion.
 
You must ensure the entity conducts its affairs lawfully, ethically, and in accordance with prudent management and financial practices. If you cannot, then you must resign.
 
(Reference: Outside Affiliations, Outside Employment, and Certain Outside Compensation Issues; Restrictions on Accepting Compensation When Serving as a Board Member or Senior Officer of an Outside Entity)
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I’ve been asked to sit on the board of a local non-profit group.  They use our Wealth Management group to manage their charitable giving program. I don’t have any business dealings with the non-profit group and don’t work in Wealth Management. Do I have to report this?
 
A:  Yes. The non-profit entity is a client of The Bank of New York Mellon. It does not matter which line of business has the client relationship, or whether or not you have any business dealings with the group. You must submit a CODE RAP form and receive approval before you agree to serve.

Ownership of an outside business
 
If you own a business (either as a sole proprietor or partial owner), you must seek approval for this ownership via CODE RAP. You’ll be required to provide pertinent details, such as any relationship with The Bank of New York Mellon (including employees), any compensation/payment received, time required and potential conflicts of interest (actual or in appearance). Annual re-approval via CODE RAP is required as facts and circumstances may change.
 
( Reference: Outside Affiliations, Outside Employment, and Certain Outside Compensation Issues )
 
Fiduciary appointments
 
Fiduciary appointments are those where you act as an administrator, executor, guardian or custodian for a minor, trustee or managing agent. In general, you’re strongly discouraged from serving as a fiduciary unless you’re doing so for a family member or a long-standing, personal friend. Any request must be submitted through CODE RAP.
 
Even if you’re serving as a fiduciary for a family member or a long-standing, personal friend, you should be cautious if they are a company client or if you receive compensation for your service. Both of these situations require approval through CODE RAP. If there is a client relationship, there may be restrictions or controls placed on your service, or you may be denied the ability to serve in such a fiduciary capacity.
 
In all situations where you’re acting as a fiduciary, you must follow these guidelines:
 
Do not represent that you’re performing the same professional services that are performed by a bank, or that you have access to such services,
 
Do not accept a fee for acting as a co-fiduciary with a bank, unless you receive approval from the board of directors of that bank, and
 
Do not permit your appointment to interfere with the time and attention you devote to your Bank of New York Mellon job duties.
 
Personal investment decisions
 
Your personal investments, and those of certain family members, could lead to conflicts of interest. Therefore, you’re required to comply with the company’s Personal Securities Trading Policy , including adhering to the restrictions placed on trading in The Bank of New York Mellon securities and a strict prohibition against insider trading. Certain employees will have additional restrictions placed on their personal investments that may include reporting and pre-clearing various types of securities transactions. You must be familiar with the responsibilities that apply to your job and you’ll be expected to follow those rules.
 
In addition, if you have (or anyone who reports to you has) responsibility for a client, supplier or vendor relationship as part of your job duties, you must be cautious about potential investments in that business or its securities, particularly for privately held or thinly traded public companies and ensure your full compliance with the Personal Securities Trading Policy .
 
( Reference: Personal Securities Trading Policy )
 
Dealings with family and close personal friends
 
You should be particularly sensitive to business situations involving family members, household members or close personal friends. In general, a family member or close personal friend should not have any business dealings with you or with anyone who reports to you . This also includes situations where your family members or close personal friends provide an indirect service to a client for whom you have responsibility.
 
You must disclose any such situation to your manager and your Compliance Officer and cooperate with all efforts to resolve such conflicts.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  A client of mine is considering hiring my wife as his accountant. I did not make the referral to my client. Is this okay?
 
A:  This situation could cause a conflict of interest, and you should contact your manager and your Compliance Officer immediately. If your wife is acting as your client’s accountant, she may be relying upon information The Bank of New York Mellon provides on the client’s account. This is a situation that puts you in a potential conflict of interest, so you may be required to resign from the client’s account if he hires your wife.
 
Q:  My son works for a consulting company that The Bank of New York Mellon routinely hires for software development. My job does not require that I interact with him and I have no influence or input over the decision to hire the consulting company.  Is this okay?
 
A:  It doesn’t appear that there are any conflicts of interest with your son working for the consulting company and your job at The Bank of New York Mellon. To be certain, discuss this matter with your manager or your Compliance Officer, so that you can be sure there are no conflicts with this situation.

Corporate opportunities
 
You owe a duty to The Bank of New York Mellon to advance its legitimate business interests when the opportunity arises. You and your family members are prohibited from personally benefiting from opportunities discovered through the use of company property or information that you directly or indirectly obtained through your position at The Bank of New York Mellon.
 
Your actions must not compete in any way with businesses the company engages in, and you may neither ask for, nor accept, a business opportunity that may belong to The Bank of New York Mellon or could appear to belong to it.
 
You may not give legal, tax, investment or other professional advice to clients, prospects, vendors or suppliers of the company, unless this activity is part of your regular job responsibilities. You must also be cautious if clients, prospects, suppliers or other employees seek your guidance or your recommendation of a third party professional who provides these services, such as an attorney, accountant, insurance broker, stock broker, or real estate agent.
 
If you make such a recommendation, you must follow these requirements:
 
Provide several candidates and ensure you show no favoritism toward any of them
 
Disclose in writing that the recommendations are in no way sponsored or endorsed by the company
 
Do not accept any fee (now or in the future), nor may you expect any direct or indirect benefit (e.g., more business from a better relationship) from the recommendation
 
All transactions with your clients, suppliers or vendors must be handled strictly on an “arm’s-length basis”, meaning that the terms of all transactions must not even suggest the appearance of a personal advantage.
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT .
 
KEY PRINCIPLE:  Conducting Business
 
Conducting Business
 
We secure business based on honest competition in the marketplace, which contributes to the success of our company, our clients and our shareholders. We compete in full compliance with all applicable laws and regulations. We support worldwide efforts to combat financial corruption and financial crime.
 
FAIR COMPETITION AND ANTI-TRUST
ANTI-CORRUPTION AND IMPROPER PAYMENTS
COMBATING FINANCIAL CRIME AND MONEY LAUNDERING
 
Key Principle: Conducting Business
 
Fair Competition and Anti-Trust
 
The Bank of New York Mellon is committed to fair dealing with our clients, suppliers, competitors and employees. The company is also committed to open competition as we believe this benefits our clients, the company and the community at large. We compete vigorously but only in full compliance with the laws and regulations of the numerous jurisdictions in which we do business, and in the spirit of honesty and integrity.
 
All Bank of New York Mellon entities must comply with the various “fair competition” and “fair dealing” laws that exist in many countries and “anti-trust” laws in the US. The general purpose of these laws is to protect the markets from anti-competitive activities. Some examples of such anti-competitive activities are those that involve entering into formal or informal agreements, whether written or oral, with competitors regarding:
 
Fixing prices or terms, or any information that impacts prices or terms,
 
Allocating markets, sales territories or clients, including sharing marketing plans or strategic documents,
 
Boycotting or refusing to deal with certain suppliers, vendors or clients (unless required by a law or governing body, such as the Office of Foreign Assets Control), and
 
Making the use of a product or service from a supplier or vendor conditional upon their use of our services or products.
 
The principles of fair dealing require us to deal fairly with our clients, suppliers, competitors and employees. Unfair advantage may not be taken through:
 
Manipulation,
 
Concealment,
 
Abuse of privileged information,
 
Misrepresentation of material facts, or
 
Any other unfair-dealing practices.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  A close friend works for a competitor of The Bank of New York Mellon. We sometimes talk about the challenges we have in marketing certain products and bounce ideas off one another. is this a problem?
 
A:  Yes. You’re discussing confidential information that belongs to the company. You may also be violating anti-trust or anti-competitive laws. Do not talk about these types of matters with your friend, family members or anyone outside of the company.

The competition and anti-trust laws are many and complex, so if you have any question as to whether a particular activity is legal or in compliance with the spirit of these laws, you should contact a member of the Legal department. The following points reinforce the significance and complexity of these laws:
 
The laws can vary within the same country or organization. For example, several states within the US have fair competition laws, in addition to the federal anti-trust laws. Likewise, within the EU, individual countries may have laws that apply in addition to EU laws,
 
The laws of certain countries may apply to conduct that takes place outside of that country (e.g., the US and EU),
 
Violations of these laws typically carry harsh penalties. Most permit significant monetary penalties for both the company and the individual employee, and some permit convicted individuals to be imprisoned,
 
Meetings at professional gatherings, trade associations or conferences are particularly vulnerable to potential violations. If you’re involved in any discussion with a competitor that begins to suggest anti-competitive or anti-trust activity, or gives the appearance of this kind of activity, you must inform the competitor that the discussion must cease. If it does not, you must remove yourself from the group. Immediately report the incident to the Legal department to protect both you and the company, and
 
Many countries’ competition laws have provisions that make it illegal to monopolize or to abuse a dominant position in a market. You should check with the Legal department if you’re a senior manager of a business and have concern about these issues.
 
Complying with fair competition and anti-trust laws also means that you may not use information or materials that belong to our competitors. This includes using information that a former employee of a competitor may bring with them to The Bank of New York Mellon. We succeed in the marketplace based on our own merits and do not engage in corporate “espionage” or unethical means to gain advantage on the competition. You’re expected to comply fully with the letter and the spirit of all fair competition and anti-trust laws.
 
Anti-Corruption and improper payments
 
Most countries in which we do business have laws that prohibit bribes to foreign governments and officials. In the US, there is the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act. The term “officials” can be applied broadly to include officials of political parties, political candidates, employees of governments and employees of government-owned business. You must follow these laws regardless of the line of business in which you work or your country of residence.
 
Any attempt to pay money or anything of value to influence the actions or decisions of such officials, including receiving special treatment for yourself (or your family members) or the company, may be considered a violation of law. Violation of these laws is a serious offense, with significant penalties for both you and the company. You’re required to comply with the following rules:
 
Do not give anything of value (including gifts) to a foreign official to obtain or retain business; this includes payments for the purpose of reducing taxes or custom fees,
 
Do not attempt to avoid laws by making payments through third parties: be cautious when selecting or dealing with agents or other third-party providers,
 
Never make any payment that you do not record on company books and records, or make misleading accounting entries,
 
Seek guidance when circumstances are unclear or you’re asked to make a payment that makes you uncomfortable, and
 
Report any observations of others engaging in any behavior that you believe is improper.
 
( Reference: Foreign Corrupt Practices Act Policy )
 
Combating financial crime and money laundering
 
Money laundering is the process by which individuals or entities attempt to conceal unlawful funds or otherwise make the source of the funds appear legitimate. As a member of the financial services community, you have a special obligation to support law enforcement throughout the world to combat various types of financial crime, such as attempts to launder money for criminal activity and finance terrorist operations. You’re expected to comply fully with all anti-money laundering laws and only conduct business with reputable clients involved in legitimate business activities that use funds derived from lawful purposes.
 
It is critical to the health of the company that every employee adheres to the company’s strict “know-your-customer” policies. In addition to our global policies, individual lines of business have detailed policies and procedures that address unique requirements and circumstances. You’re expected to know those procedures and follow them. Ask your manager for guidance.  Knowing your customer means following established customer identification protocols for your business line, validating that the individual or entity, and the source of their funds, is legitimate.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  A longtime client started a new company that purchases medical equipment for a facility in the Middle East. The payments are made via wire transfers from an account of another company she owns in the Cayman Islands. The bank account of the Cayman Island company is located in a European country. Should I be concerned?
 
A:  Yes. Transferring funds to or from countries unrelated to the transaction, or transfers that are complex or illogical is a significant red flag. You’re obligated to file an Incident Report no later than 72 hours from the time you identify the activity as suspicious.

 
Failing to detect suspicious transactions or doing business with any person or entity involved in criminal or terrorist activities puts the company and you at serious risk. Accordingly, the company will not tolerate any circumstance where an individual or business unit circumvents anti-money laundering policies or procedures or fails to report suspicious activity. No amount of revenue and no client relationship are worth the risk of doing business with those involved in criminal or terrorist activity. If you suspect or detect any suspicious activity, you must file an Incident Report as soon as possible, and no later than 72 hours after detection. No manager or executive has the authority to suppress such reports.
 
( References: Global Anti-Money Laundering/Know-Your-Customer Policy; Anti-Money Laundering Training Policy; Policy on Identifying, Investigating, and Reporting Fraud, Money Laundering etc. )
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT .
 
KEY PRINCIPLE: Working with Governments
 
Working with Governments
 
We follow all requirements that apply to doing business with governments. We recognize that practices that may be acceptable when dealing with a private company that is the client may cause problems or be a violation of law when working with a government.
 
YOUR OBLIGATIONS
BASIC PRINCIPLES
 
Key Principle: Working with Governments
 
Your Obligations
 
The Bank of New York Mellon conducts business with national and local governments and with government-owned entities. While you must always follow the standard of Doing What’s Right with any client, you should be aware that there are special rules when doing business with a government. Some practices that are acceptable when a private company is your client, such as nominal gifts or entertainment, may cause problems, or in some cases be a violation of law, when working with governments.
 
If you’re involved in any part of the process of providing services to a government entity, you have a special obligation to follow the basic principles in this section of the Code. These principles also apply in circumstances where you may be supervising the work of third parties in support of a government client (e.g., consultants, contractors, temporary workers or suppliers).
 
If you’re a manager or recruiter who has responsibility for hiring decisions, you may have additional, unique requirements. For example, certain jurisdictions, such as the US, have laws concerning employment discussions and the hiring of former government officials and their family members or lobbyists. Check with your local Human Resources representative or the Legal department in such circumstances to be sure you’re following requirements of the law.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I have clients in a country where some businesses have been “nationalized” and are now owned and run by the state. Are the people I deal with in these circumstances considered to be officials of the government?
 
A:  You should assume the answer is yes. The laws can be complicated, so contact the Legal department for guidance.
 
 
Q:  I’m hosting a dinner for a few of the larger clients in my region. One of the clients I was going to invite is the representative for the account we manage for the State of New Jersey. Do I have to notify anyone?
 
A:  Yes. You may not proceed until you’ve received approval via CODE RAP from the Government Contracting Unit of Compliance. New Jersey has one of the most restrictive rules regarding gifts and entertainment, so you may not be able to invite this client. Do not proceed until you’ve received approval.
 

Basic Principles
 
Know the restrictions or limitations on presenting and receiving hospitality.
 
  
Do not offer or accept gifts to or from representatives of governments that do not comply with company policies,
 
–  
Never accept or offer anything of value meant to induce or influence government employees or officials as this gives the appearance of a bribe, and
 
–  
Don’t “tip” government officials or offer “inducement” payments.
 
Observe a “higher standard of care.”
 
–  
Never destroy or steal government property,
 
–  
Don’t make false or fictitious statements, or represent that agreements have been met if they haven’t,
 
–  
Don’t deviate from contract requirements without prior approval from the government, and
 
–  
Never issue invoices or charges that are inaccurate, incorrect or unauthorized.
 
Cooperate with government investigations and audits.
 
–  
Don’t avoid, contravene or otherwise interfere with any government investigation or audit, and
 
–  
Don’t destroy or alter any company documents (whether electronic or paper) in anticipation of a request for those documents from the government.
 
It’s important to note that in addition to the basic principles above, if your client is a US federal, state or local government, there are very specific legal requirements and company policies that you must follow. These obligations apply to all businesses that deal with US federal, state or local entities or officials, regardless of the location or the line of business providing the service, even in locations outside the US.
 
( References: Doing Business with the Government; Government Contracts; Obtaining Government Contracts; Delivery of Services to the Government; Gifts, Entertainment and Payments to the Government )
 
IT’S YOUR OBLIGATION TO DO WHAT’S RIGHT .
 
KEY PRINCIPLE:  Protecting Assets
 
Protecting Assets
 
We ensure all entries made in the company’s books and records are complete and accurate, and comply with established accounting and record-keeping procedures. We maintain confidentiality of all forms of data and information entrusted to us, and prevent the misuse of information belonging to the company or any client.
 
FINANCIAL INTEGRITY
ADDITIONAL STANDARDS FOR SENIOR FINANCIAL PROFESSIONALS
USE OF COMPANY ASSETS
PROTECTING CLIENT AND EMPLOYEE RECORDS AND OBSERVING OUR PRIVACY PRINCIPLES
RECORDS MANAGEMENT
USE OF COMPUTERS, SYSTEMS AND CORPORATE INFORMATION
INSIDE OR PROPRIETARY INFORMATION
 
Key Principle: Protecting Assets
 
Financial Integrity
 
The Bank of New York Mellon is committed to keeping honest, accurate and transparent books and records. You’re expected to follow established accounting and recordkeeping rules, and to measure and report financial performance honestly. Investors count on us to provide accurate information so they can make decisions about our company. All business records must be clear, truthful and accurate, and follow generally accepted accounting principles and laws.
 
You may not have any secret agreement or side arrangements with anyone — a client, another employee or their family member, or a supplier, vendor or agent of the company.
 
The financial condition of the company reflects records and accounting entries supported by virtually every employee. Business books and records also include documents many employees create, such as expense diaries and time sheets.
 
Falsifying any document can impact the financial condition of the company. As a public company, The Bank of New York Mellon is required to file reports with government agencies and make certain public statements. Many people and entities use these statements, including:
 
Accountants — to calculate taxes and other government fees,
Investors — to make decisions about buying or selling our securities, and
Regulatory agencies — to monitor and enforce our compliance with government regulations.
 
You’re expected to maintain accurate and complete records at all times. Financial integrity is fundamental to our success, and falsification or misrepresentation of any company books, records or reports will not be tolerated.

 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I think a co-worker is submitting reports that indicate she worked overtime that she did not actually work. I don’t want to get anyone in trouble, so what should I do?
 
A: Reporting hours not worked is a form of theft. This is a serious issue and may be a violation of law. You must report your concern to your manager or Human Resources. If you’re uncomfortable raising this issue with your manager, file an Incident Report or contact the Ethics Help Line or the Ethics Hot Line to report your concern.

Additional Standards for Senior Financial Professionals
 
If you’re responsible for the accuracy of the company’s financial filings with regulators, you have a higher duty to ensure your behavior follows the most stringent standards of personal and professional conduct. This includes the Chief Executive Officer, President, Chief Financial Officer, Company Controller, and such other individuals as determined by the General Counsel. Individuals in this group must adhere to the following additional standards:
 
Disclose to the General Counsel and Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer any material transaction or relationship that could reasonably be expected to be a conflict of interest,
 
Provide stakeholders with information that is accurate, complete, objective, fair, relevant, timely and understandable, including information in filings and submissions to the US Securities and Exchange Commission and other regulatory bodies,
 
Act in good faith, responsibly, with due care, competence and diligence, without misrepresenting material facts or allowing your independent judgment to be compromised,
 
Never mislead or improperly influence any authorized audit or interfere with any auditor engaged in the performance of an internal or independent review of the company’s system of internal controls, financial statements or accounting books and records, and
 
Promptly report any possible violation of the company’s Code of Conduct to the General Counsel and Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer.
 
Use of Company Assets
 
Company assets include, but are not limited to, company funds, equipment, facilities, supplies, postal and electronic mail, and any type of company-owned information. It also includes your time and the time of those with whom you work — you’re expected to use your time at work responsibly. Company assets are to be used for legitimate business purposes and not for your personal gain. You’re expected to use good judgment to ensure that assets are not misused or wasted.
 
The company’s name and brand is a vital asset. That means you should not imply, directly or indirectly, any company sponsorship, unless you have prior and proper approval. This includes refraining from using the company’s name to endorse a client, supplier, vendor or any third party without the approval of Corporate Marketing. You may not proceed with any such use of the company’s name or endorsement without first receiving approval through CODE RAP.
 
( Reference: Use of the Company’s Name in Advertising or Endorsements of Customers and Others )
 
Careless, wasteful, inefficient or inappropriate use of any company assets is irresponsible and inconsistent with our Code of Conduct. Any type of theft, fraud or embezzlement will not be tolerated.
 
Protecting client and employee records and observing our privacy principles
 
The company is responsible for ensuring the privacy, confidentiality and controlled access to all client and employee information. All of our stakeholders expect us to collect, maintain, use, disseminate and dispose of information only as necessary to carry out responsibilities or as authorized by law .
 
Nearly every employee in the company has access to private information, so you’re expected to adhere to the following key principles concerning privacy:
 
Collection of client and employee information must be controlled. This means that the collection of such information must be permitted under law and only for a legitimate business purpose.
 
Storage and transport of all forms of collected client and employee information must be controlled and safeguarded. This means that information collected must be maintained in a secured environment, transported by approved vendors and access provided only to those who need to view the information to perform their job duties.
 
Use of client and employee information must be controlled. If the law or company policy provides that the client or employee be given a right to “opt-out” of certain uses of information, then you must respect that right.
 
Disposal of client and employee information must be controlled. You should only retain information for the time period necessary to deliver the service or product and in compliance with applicable retention periods. When it’s necessary to dispose of information (regardless of the media on which the information is stored) you must do so in a manner appropriate to the sensitivity of the information.
 
Any compromise of client or employee information must be reported. If you’re aware of or suspect that client or employee information has been lost, stolen, missing, misplaced or misdirected, or that there’s been unauthorized access to information, you must immediately report the matter through the company’s incident reporting process.
 
Know how to protect records and make sure to follow company policies at all times. The loss of any protected data can be extremely harmful to the company financially and damage our reputation.
 
( Reference: Information Privacy Policy, Corporate Information Protection Policy )
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  As part of my group’s job duties, we’re able to view the accounts of wealthy clients. I overheard one of my colleagues talking to his brother on the phone about the balance in a client’s account that happens to be a very prominent sports figure. I don’t think this is right, but what should I do?
 
A:  You’re correct in being concerned. Your colleague had no right to disclose personal information about a client to anyone who has no legitimate business need for the information. File an Incident Report or contact the Ethics Help Line or the Ethics Hot Line to report your concern.

Records management
 
You must follow company and local policies for retention, management and destruction of records. If there’s an investigation, or if litigation is pending or anticipated, certain records may need to be retained beyond established destruction periods. In most cases you’ll be notified of the need to retain documents by the Legal department, if appropriate.
 
Records should be defined in the broadest sense — meaning that they include any information created or received that has been recorded on any medium or captured in reproducible form. Records also include any document that is intentionally retained and managed as final evidence of a business unit’s activities, events or transactions, or for operational, legal, regulatory or historical purposes.
 
The media and formats of records take many forms, including:
 
Papers, e-mails, instant messages, other electronically maintained documents,
 
Microfilms, photographs and reproductions,
 
Voice, text and audio tapes,
 
Magnetic tapes, floppy and hard disks, optical disks and drawings, and
 
Any other media, regardless of physical form or characteristics that have been made or received in the transaction of business activities.
 
( Reference: Records Management Program )
 
Use of computers, systems and corporate information
 
As an employee, you have access to the company’s computers, systems and corporate information to do your job. This access means you also have the obligation to use these systems responsibly and follow company policies to protect information and systems.
 
Electronic systems include, but are not limited to:
 
Personal computers (including e-mail and instant messages) and computer networks,
 
Telephones, cell phones, voice mail, pagers and fax machines, and
 
Other communication devices, such as PDAs (e.g., Blackberry or Palm Pilot).
 
Never send sensitive or confidential data over the Internet or over phone systems without following established company policies to protect such information.
 
You should have no expectation of privacy when you use these systems. You’re given access only to conduct legitimate company business and you’re expected to use them in a professional and responsible manner. The company reserves the right to intercept, monitor and record your communication on these systems in accordance with the law.
 
You’re expected to protect the security of these systems and follow company policies concerning access and proper use (such as maintaining passwords). In rare cases, where there is a necessary and legitimate business reason, you may disclose your password to another employee who has the right to access the information associated with your password; however, you must file a CODE RAP report immediately and observe all necessary steps to restore the confidentiality of your password.
 
You’re permitted to use the company’s systems, but only if you follow these rules:
 
Messages you create should be professional and appropriate for business communication, including those created via e-mail or instant messaging.
 
Never engage in communication that may be considered offensive, derogatory, obscene, vulgar, harassing or threatening (e.g., inappropriate jokes, sexual comments or images, comments that may offend, including those based upon gender, race, age, religious belief, sexual orientation, gender identity, disability or any other basis defined by law).
 
Do not distribute copyrighted or licensed materials improperly.
 
Do not transmit chain letters, advertisements or solicitations (unless they’re specifically authorized by the company).
 
Never view or download inappropriate materials.
 
The occasional use of company systems for personal purposes is acceptable, but you’re expected to use good judgment. Keep personal use to a minimum. Personal use of these systems is a privilege, not a right. Use them wisely and in a manner that would not damage the company’s reputation.
 
( References: Electronic Mail Policy; Corporate Information Protection Policy )
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  My co-worker sometimes sends sensitive client data via the Internet to a vendor we use to help solve problems. I’m concerned because I don’t think this information is protected properly. He says it’s okay because the vendor is authorized to receive the data and the problems that need to be resolved are time-sensitive.  Should I be worried?
 
A:  Yes. This is a serious matter, and you must talk to your manager immediately. Your co-worker could be putting clients and The Bank of New York Mellon at great risk. If you don’t raise your concern, you may be as responsible as your co-worker for violating company policies. If you’re uncomfortable raising this issue with your manager, file an Incident Report or contact the Ethics Help Line or the Ethics Hot Line to report your concern.

Inside or propriety information
 
As an employee, you may have knowledge about the company’s businesses or possess confidential information about the private or business affairs of our existing, prospective or former clients, suppliers, vendors and employees. You should assume all such information is confidential and privileged and hold it in the strictest confidence. Confidential information includes all non-public information that may be of use to competitors, or harmful to the company or its clients, if disclosed.
 
It is never appropriate to use such information for personal gain or pass it on to anyone outside the company who is not expressly authorized to receive such information. Other employees who do not need the information to perform their job duties do not have a right to it. You’re expected to protect all such information and failure to do so will not be tolerated.
 
If you’re uncertain about whether you have inside or proprietary information, you should treat the information as if it were and check with your manager or a representative from the Legal department. The following list contains examples of “inside” or “proprietary” information.
 
Inside information
 
Inside information is material non-public information relating to any company, including The Bank of New York Mellon, whose securities trade in a public market. Information is deemed to be material if a reasonable investor would likely consider it important when deciding to buy or sell securities of the company, or if the information would influence the market price of those securities.
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I discovered that an investor in one of our funds has requested to withdraw a significant amount of money from the fund. I manage a client’s money and he has an investment in the same fund. To protect my client’s interest, I want to pull his money out of the fund because its performance will likely drop. Even though the withdrawal is not yet known by the public, is this okay because I have a fiduciary duty to my client and I’m not benefiting personally by trading on behalf of my client?
 
A:  No. You’re in possession of material non-public information and you may not trade the securities of that fund. Your duty to comply with securities laws supersedes any duty you have to your client. You should immediately contact the Legal department to discuss this situation.

If you’re in possession of material non-public information about The Bank of New York Mellon or any other company, you may not trade the securities of that company for yourself or for others, including clients. Nearly all countries and jurisdictions have strict securities laws that make you, the company and any person with whom you share the information, legally responsible for misusing inside information. The company’s Securities Firewalls Policy provides instructions on the proper handling of inside information and the company will not tolerate any violation of this policy. Certain employees have significant restrictions placed on their trading in The Bank of New York Mellon securities or the securities of other companies. You must know the restrictions relative to your job and follow company policies and applicable securities laws.
 
Proprietary information
 
Proprietary information includes business plans, client lists (prospective and existing), marketing strategies and any method of doing business. Examples include the company’s product development plans, pricing plans, analytical models or methods, computer software, source codes, databases and any related documentation.
 
Proprietary information also includes business contracts, invoices, statements of work, requests for investment or proposal, and other similar documents. Any information related to a client, supplier or vendor financial information (including internal assessments of such), or credit ratings or opinions is considered proprietary. You should also assume all information related to client trades, non-public portfolio holdings and research reports are proprietary.
 
Company-produced policies, procedures or other similar work materials are proprietary. The same is true regarding reports or communications issued by internal auditors, external regulators or accountants, consultants or any other third-party agent or examiner.
 
( References: Securities Firewalls, Personal Securities Trading Policy )
 
Your obligation to protect inside or proprietary information extends beyond the period of your employment with the company. The information you use during your employment belongs to the company and you may not take or use this information after you leave the company.
 
KEY PRINCIPLE:    Supporting our Communities
 
SUPPORTING OUR COMMUNITIES
 
We take an active part in our communities around the world, both as individuals and as a company. Our long-term success is linked to the strength of the global economy and the strength of our industry. We are honest, fair and transparent in every way we interact with our communities and the public at large.
 
POLITICAL ACTIVITIES
INVESTOR AND MEDIA RELATIONS
CHARITABLE CONTRIBUTIONS AND CORPORATE SPONSORSHIP
PARTICIPATING IN TRADE ASSOCIATIONS, CONFERENCES AND SPEAKING ENGAGEMENTS
 
Key Principle: Supporting our Communities
 
Political Activities
 
Personal Political Activity
 
The Bank of New York Mellon encourages you to keep informed of political issues and candidates and to take an active interest in political affairs. However, if you do participate in any political activity, you must follow these rules:
 
Never act as a representative of the company unless you have written permission from the Chief Executive Officer, the General Counsel, and the Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer of the company.
 
Your activities should be on your own time, with your own resources. You may not use company time, equipment, facilities, supplies, clerical support, advertising or any other company resources.
 
You may not use company funds for any political activity, and you will not be reimbursed or compensated in any way for a political contribution.
 
Your political activities may not affect your objectivity or ability to perform your job duties.
 
You may not solicit the participation of employees, clients, suppliers, vendors or any other party with whom the company does business.
 
Lobbying
 
Lobbying is generally defined as any activity that attempts to influence the passage or defeat of legislation. Lobbying activities are broad and may cover certain “grass roots” activities where groups of people, such as company employees, are contacted to encourage them to call public officials for the purpose of influencing legislation. Lobbying is prevalent in the US and is gaining influence within the EU and other locations.
 
If you are engaged in lobbying, there may be disclosure requirements and restrictions on certain activities. If your job duties include any of the following activities, you must contact Corporate Affairs or the Legal department for guidance:
 
Government contract sales or marketing
 
Efforts to influence legislation or administrative actions, such as accompanying trade associations in meetings with government officials concerning legislation
 
Meeting with legislators, regulators or their staffs regarding legislation
 
Lobbying does not include situations where a government agency is seeking public comment on proposed regulations.
 
( Reference: Procurement Lobbying )
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  An outside attorney with whom I work from time to time on company business cannot attend an exclusive fundraiser for a high-level political candidate. He offered me his ticket. The event is to be held at a very wealthy person’s home in my community and this will be a great way to solicit business. The company is not paying for the ticket and the fundraiser will be on my own time. May I attend?
 
A:  Only if you have the written approval of the Chief Executive Officer, the General Counsel and the Chief Compliance and Ethics Officer. Your attendance at this event is indirectly related to your job and may give the appearance that you’re acting as a representative of the company or that the company sponsors the political candidate. It does not matter that The Bank of New York Mellon did not purchase the event ticket or that you’re going on your own time. To the public, your attendance is connected to the company. So you may not go without obtaining proper authorization prior to the event.

Corporate political activities
 
The laws of many countries, including the US, set strict limits on political contributions made by corporations. Contributions are defined broadly to include any form of money, purchase of tickets, use of company personnel or facilities, or payment for services. The Bank of New York Mellon will make contributions only as permissible by law, such as those through company-approved political action committees.
 
Investor and media relations
 
Investor Relations
 
All contacts with institutional shareholders or securities analysts about the company must be made through the Investor Relations group of the Finance department. You must not hold informal or formal discussions with such individuals or groups, unless you are specifically authorized to do so. Even if you are authorized, you cannot provide special access or treatment to shareholders or analysts.   All investors must have equal access to honest and accurate information.
 
Media relations
 
Corporate Communications must approve all contacts with the media, including speeches, testimonials or other public statements made on behalf of the company or about its business. You may not respond to any request for interviews, comments or information from any television channel, radio station, newspaper, magazine or trade publication, either on or off the record, unless you have express authorization from Corporate Communications.
 
If you are contacted or interviewed about matters unrelated to your job or to the company, you may not identify The Bank of New York Mellon as your employer, and you may not make comments about The Bank of New York Mellon.
 
( Reference: Inquiries from the Media, Financial Analysts, and Securities Holders; Use of the Company’s Name in Advertising or Endorsements of Customers and Others )
 
 
Q & A
 
Q:  I have been asked to provide a statement about The Bank of New York Mellon’s experience with a vendor’s product that we use.  The vendor wants to use my quote on their website or in other marketing materials.  Is this okay?
 
A:  It depends. Before agreeing to any such arrangement, you should contact Corporate Communications. The Bank of New York Mellon carefully protects its reputation by being highly selective in providing such endorsements. Do not proceed until you have the approval of your manager and Corporate Communications.

Charitable contributions and corporate sponsorship
 
The company encourages you to take part in charitable, educational, fraternal or other civic affairs, as long as you follow these basic rules:
 
Your activities may not interfere or in any way conflict with your job duties or with company business.
 
You may not make any gifts or contributions to charities or other entities in the name of, or on behalf of, the company.
 
You may not imply the company’s sponsorship for or support of any outside event or organization without the approval of the most senior executive of your line of business.
 
You may not use your position for the purpose of soliciting business or contributions for any other entity.
 
You must be cautious in the use of company letterhead, facilities or even your business card so that there is no implied or presumed corporate support for non-company business.
 
From time to time the company may agree to sponsor certain charitable events. In these situations, it may be proper to use company letterhead, facilities or other resources (such as employees’ time or company funds). Ask your manager if you’re unclear whether or not the event in question is considered to be company sponsored.
 
( Reference: Use of the Company’s Name in Advertising or Endorsements of Customers and Others )
 
Participating in trade associations, conferences and speaking engagements
 
You may participate in trade association meetings and conferences. However, you must be mindful that these situations often include contact with competitors. You must follow the rules related to fair competition and anti-trust referenced in this Code and company policies.
 
In addition, meetings where a client, vendor or supplier pays for your attendance should be rare and only occur when it is legally allowed, in compliance with company policy and pre-approval has been obtained via CODE RAP.
 
Neither you nor any member of your immediate family may accept compensation for a speaking engagement or writing services on behalf of The Bank of New York Mellon when employed by the company. However, a nominal non-cash honorarium may be accepted in such circumstances. Remember, any materials you may use at such an event must not contain any confidential or proprietary information. The materials must be approved by your manager and the Legal department.
 
( Reference: Outside Affiliations, Outside Employment, and Certain Outside Compensation Issues )
 
Additional Help
 
This section contains additional questions and answers about the requirements of our Code. Remember, ignorance or a lack of understanding is not an excuse for violating the Code. The company has established many resources to help deal with questions you may have regarding compliance with the Code. You’re expected to take advantage of these resources.
 
Q:  A friend of mine is running for political office and I would like to help her out with her campaign. Can I do this?
 
A:  Yes. Your personal support is your personal business. Just make sure that you do not use company assets, including company time or its name to advance the campaign.
 
Q:  I was leaving the office and a journalist asked me if I could answer a few questions. I told him no and left the car park, but I felt bad about not talking to him. Should I have answered his questions?
 
A:  Not at that time. You did the right thing by saying no. You should contact Corporate Communications and tell them of the request. They will determine whether it will be all right for you to talk to the media. If you receive a future request, suggest the journalist contact Corporate Communications directly.
 
Q:  I am running for the local school board and I want to use the office copier to make copies of my campaign flyer. Is that okay?
 
A:  No. Company property and equipment may not be used for a political purpose without authorization from Corporate Affairs. Running for any public office is considered to be a political purpose. Accepting any political appointment or running for office requires approval via CODE RAP.
 
Q:  To thank a client of mine, I want to give him tickets to attend a local football match. He mentioned that his company does not permit this type of entertainment, but I know he would love to go to the match. If he doesn’t care about his own company’s policy, can I give him the tickets?
 
A:  No. If you know that giving him the tickets will violate his own company’s policy, do not give the gift. Just as we want clients to respect our limits on gifts, we must do the same.
 
Q:  One of the vendors we’re considering for an assignment offered to take me to a local golf course to play a round and have dinner. He wants to talk about his company’s proposal so that we can make a more informed decision. We’ll be talking about business, and there won’t be much money spent on a round of golf and a modest dinner. Is this okay?
 
A:  No. You’re evaluating vendors to provide a service. It’s always inappropriate to receive or give entertainment when the company is in the middle of a selection process.
 
Q:  One of my vendors offered to send me to a conference at no cost to The Bank of New York Mellon. Can I accept the invitation?
 
A:  No. Accepting a free trip from a vendor is never permissible. If you’re interested in attending the conference, speak to your manager. Most costs associated with your attendance at the conference must be paid by your department. You’ll be required to file a CODE RAP form if your manager agrees it’s appropriate to attend the conference and you’re requesting permission to permit the vendor to pay for part of your conference attendance.
 
Q:  We’re entitled to a large payment from a government client if we certify that we’ve met all service level agreements on time. We’re not sure whether a few very minor items have been completed, but they’re not that important to the service. It’s close to the end of the quarter and we’d like to realize the payment. Is it okay to send the invoice and certify that the agreements have all been met now?
 
A:  No. You cannot submit the invoice and certification until you’re certain that all requirements of the agreement have been met. Submission of an incorrect certification could subject the company, and you, to criminal penalties, so it is vitally important that any certification submitted to the government be completely accurate.
 
Q:  A colleague called while on vacation requesting that I check her e-mail to see if she received an item she was expecting. She gave me her logon identification and password, requesting that I call her back with the information. Can I do this?
 
A:  No. Passwords and other login credentials must be kept confidential and cannot be used by, or shared with, fellow employees. In rare instances when there is a business need that requires you to share your password, you’re required to file a CODE RAP form immediately afterward.
 
Q:  I would like to take a part-time job working for my brother’s recycling business. His business has no relationship with the company and the work I’ll be doing for him is not at all similar to what I do in my job here at the company. Can I do this and do I have to file any forms?
 
A:  Yes you may, as long as the time you spend there does not interfere with your job at the company and you don’t use any company equipment or supplies. You don’t need to file a CODE RAP form, since you’re not the sole proprietor or partial owner of the business. However, if you work in certain lines of business (such as a broker dealer), you may need to notify Compliance. Check with your manager or Compliance officer if you’re uncertain.
 
Q:  I observed a colleague in our supply area filling up a box full of pens, paper and other items. I asked her what she was doing, and she told me that her son’s school was short on supplies, so she was trying to help out. She said our company can afford the supplies more than her son’s school and that it was the right thing to do. I am friendly with my colleague and I don’t want to get her in trouble. What should I do?
 
A:  Your colleague is stealing from the company and you must file an Incident Report. The supplies purchased by our company are to be used for business needs only. Your colleague had no right to take these supplies for any purpose, even if it seems like a good cause.
 
Remember
 
All Bank of New York Mellon employees are expected to follow the Code of Conduct, even if they disagree with its contents.
 
If faced with a situation in which you’re unsure of the correct action to take, contact your manager, an Ethics Officer, Compliance Officer, Legal Representative or Human Resources Business Partner for help. There are many resources at your disposal to help you. Don’t hesitate to use them and Do What’s Right !
 
 
 
©2009 The Bank of New York Mellon Corporation. All rights reserved. 05/09
 

 
 
 
 
CRAMER ROSENTHAL MCGLYNN, LLC
 
 
 
 
 
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 
&
 
Related Topics
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Revised July 2011   
 
 

 
     1. Purpose of this Code
 
This Code of Ethics sets forth standards of business conduct that Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC ("CRM" of the "Adviser") requires of all its supervised persons. Its Code is reasonably designed to (a) minimize conflicts of interest, and even the appearance of conflicts of interest, between the personnel of CRM and its clients in the securities markets; (b) assist CRM personnel such that their personal securities transactions are made in compliance with applicable securities laws; (c) prevent violations of the federal securities laws; and (d) effect the principles of conduct set forth below.
 
CRM depends upon a high level of public and client confidence for its success. That confidence can be maintained only if CRM's employees observe the highest standards of ethical behavior in the performance of their duties. This Code (as it may be amended or modified from time to time) is intended to inform all of CRM's employees of certain standards of conduct which they are expected to observe.
 
It is not possible to provide a precise, comprehensive definition of a conflict of interest. However, one factor that is common to many conflict of interest situations is the possibility that a CRM employee's actions or decisions will be affected because of an actual or potential divergence between his or her personal interests and those of CRM or its clients. A particular activity or situation may be found to involve a conflict of interest even though it does not result in any financial loss to CRM or its clients and regardless of the motivation of the Employee involved. In all cases, if a conflict situation arises between an Employee and CRM's clients, the interests of CRM's clients shall prevail.
 
This Code also addresses the possibility that personnel may, by virtue of their positions with CRM, be afforded opportunities to participate in certain investment opportunities that are not generally available to the investing public. Accepting such opportunities may, or may appear to, compromise the independent judgment CRM personnel are expected to exercise for the benefit of CRM clients and is therefore unacceptable.
 
This Code is intended to help address these concerns in a systematic way. However, it is important that personnel go beyond the letter of this Code and remain sensitive to the need to avoid improper conflicts of interest, or even the appearance of such conflicts of interest, that are not expressly addressed by this Code.
 
One way for employees to implement the spirit of these policies is to invest in open-end mutual funds advised or sub-advised by CRM. CRM mutual funds provide employees with a means of participating in investments that CRM recommends to clients without seeking preclearance. Employee investments in CRM mutual funds also serve to align the interests of employees with the interests of CRM clients and to reduce the number of transactions that might give rise to conflicts of interest with CRM's clients.
 
     2.  General Principles of Conduct
 
 
Revised July 2011   2
 
 

 
CRM observes the following principles of conduct which shall govern all aspects of its business:
 
Professional Responsibility
 
CRM recognizes that it is a fiduciary and has the responsibility to render professional, continuous, and unbiased investment advice oriented to the investment goals of each client.
 
Professional Qualifications
 
To enable CRM to serve its clients effectively, its personnel are individuals of experience, ability, and integrity.
 
Financial Responsibility
 
CRM maintains capital and reserves adequate to provide the services for which it was retained.
 
Promotional Activities
 
The content in written or oral statements made by CRM in soliciting new clients shall be consistent with its professional responsibility.
 
Confidential Relationship
 
Information concerning the identity of security holdings and financial circumstances of clients is confidential.
 
In addition, the following general fiduciary principles shall govern the personal investment activities of all Employees:
 
Each Employee shall:
 
At all times, place the interests of the Client Accounts before his or her personal interests;
 
Conduct all personal securities transactions in a manner consistent with this Code, so as to avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest, or an abuse of the individual's position of trust and responsibility; and
 
Not take any inappropriate advantage of his or her position with or on behalf of CRM or the Client Accounts.
 
     
     3.  Definitions
     
 
a.
"1940 Act" means the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.
 
 
Revised July 2011   3
 
 

 
 
 
b.
 
"Access Person" means any of CRM's supervised persons who (i) has access to nonpublic information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund; or (ii) is involved is making securities recommendations to clients, or who access to such recommendations that are nonpublic. A director that: (i) has no involvement with the day-to-day operations of CRM or the Funds; (ii) is not involved in making securities decisions or recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of securities by Client Accounts and does not have access to such recommendations that are nonpublic; (iii) does not have access to nonpublic information regarding any clients' purchase or sale of securities, or nonpublic information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Reportable Fund; and (iv) is an employee of another financial services institution and is subject to a Code of Ethics of such financial services institution; may comply with the pre-clearance and reporting requirements of such financial services institution in lieu of the provisions of Section 5 of this Code. Any such director is required to file a quarterly transaction report pursuant to Section 5 of this Code with respect to a security if the director knew or, in the ordinary course of fulfilling his or her official duties as a director, should have known that during the 15-day period immediately before or after the director's transaction the Reportable Fund(s) purchased or sold the security.
     
 
c.
"Automatic investment plan" means a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation. An automatic investment plan includes a dividend reinvestment plan.
     
 
d.
"Beneficial Ownership" has the same meaning as that term is defined in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended ("the Exchange Act"), in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of Section 16 of the Exchange Act. This means that a person should generally consider himself or herself the beneficial owner of any securities in which he or she has a direct or indirect pecuniary interest. In addition, a person should consider himself or herself the beneficial owner of securities held by his or her spouse, his or her minor children or a relative who shares his or her home, or held by other persons who through any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship provide him or her with sole or shared voting or investment power over such securities.
     
 
e.
"Client Accounts" means the Funds, any private investment funds advised by the Adviser, and any outside private account for which the Adviser serves as investment adviser and in which the Adviser (and persons associated with the Adviser) has no ownership interest, direct or indirect (other than as a shareholder of the Funds or as a member, partner or shareholder of any private investment funds advised by the Adviser).
 
Revised July 2011   4
 
 

 
 
 
f.
 
"Compliance Personnel" means the persons designated by the Compliance Committee to monitor overall compliance with this Code, to prepare, receive and review reports under this Code, and to provide pre-clearance of any personal securities transactions as required by this Code.
     
 
g.
"Control" shall have the same meaning as that term is defined in Section 2(a)(9) of the 1940 Act. Section 2(a)(9) provides that "control" means the power to exercise a controlling influence over the management or policies of a company, unless such power is solely the result of an official position with such company. Any person who owns beneficially, either directly or through one or more controlled companies, more than 25% of the voting securities of a company is generally presumed to control that company.
     
 
h.
"Covered Security" shall include all types of securities, such as common stock, preferred stock, securities convertible into common or preferred stock and warrants or rights to acquire common stock, including options, closed-end fund shares, and other derivative securities, bonds and debentures, convertible bonds and futures. 
     
   
A covered security does not include: 
     
      ● 
direct obligations of the Government of the U.S.;
     
bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;
     
shares issued by money market funds;
     
shares issued by open-end funds (mutual funds) other than Reportable Funds; and
     
shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are reported funds.
     
  i. 
"Employee" means any officer, principal or employee of the Adviser .
     
 
j.
"Employee Account" means any account in which an Employee has Beneficial Ownership, as defined above. Employee Accounts include accounts of the Employee's spouse, his or her minor children or a relative who shares his or her home, or held by other persons who through any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship provide him or her with sole or shared voting or investment power over such securities. Employee accounts shall not include accounts over which the Employee does not exercise investment discretion. Whenever a situation arises where an Employee gains sole or shared voting or investment power over securities or when an Employee gets married or shares primary residence with a relative, such Employee shall promptly take all necessary steps to bring such third-party in compliance with the provisions of this Code .
 
Revised July 2011   5
 
 

 
 
  k. 
"Private Placement" means any offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933 pursuant to Section 4(2) or Section 4(6) or pursuant to Rule 504, 505 or 506 under the Securities Act of 1933. Private placements may include offerings of hedge funds and other private equity funds and offerings of Rule 144A securities.
     
  1. 
"Purchase or sale of a security" includes, inter alia , the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.
     
 
m.
"Reportable Fund" means any fund for which CRM serves as an investment adviser or sub-adviser or any fund that controls CRM, is controlled by CRM, or is under common control with CRM.
     
 
n.
"Security Held or to be Acquired by a Reportable Fund" means (i) any Covered Security that, within the most recent 15 days, is or has been held by the Reportable Fund or is being or has been considered by the Reportable Fund or the Adviser for purchase by the Reportable Fund; and (ii) any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for a Covered Security described in clause (i) above.
     
     4.  Specific Requirements
     
  a.  Pre-Clearance of Personal Securities Transactions 
     
General Rule
 
All Employees are required to obtain prior approval from a member of the Compliance Committee before effecting any purchase or sale transaction of a Covered Security in an Employee Account by completing a pre-clearance authorization form. Compliance Personnel may reject any trade request in their sole discretion, and no reason need be given for such rejection. Any and all Employee personal securities transactions must be traded through (1) an account established at Morgan Stanley Smith Barney ("MSSB") through a MSSB representative designated to CRM or (2) through the Charles Schwab platform established for CRM or (3) an account that can settle via a custodian bank compatible to CRM's auto reconciliation system. CRM's Compliance Coordinator will maintain a list of compatible custodian banks.
 
Notice Provision for Reportable Funds and Debt Instruments
 
Transactions in shares of any Reportable Fund or debt instrument that falls within the definition of Covered Security (for example, municipal bonds, long-term and high-yield corporate debt) are not subject to this pre-clearance requirement. Transactions in these instruments are subject to a "Notice Provision," which requires an Employee to give prompt written notice of any such transaction to a member of the CRM Compliance Committee. "Prompt" notice shall mean by the end of the first business day following such transaction.
 
Revised July 2011   6
 
 

 
Corporate convertible debt and preferred stock are subject to the pre-clearance requirement above, and not the Notice Provision herein.
 
Approval
 
Pre-clearance approval will be valid for one trading day for market orders. For example, an Employee receiving pre-clearance approval on a Monday must effect such transaction on Monday or the pre-clearance will become invalid.
 
As a general rule, limit order trading is not permitted. In the case of thinly traded (i.e., small cap) securities, including options, with limited liquidity, an Employee may petition the compliance committee for a special exception prior to placing the limit order for a given trade. In such instances regarding limit orders, clearance will be valid until the close of business on the Friday of the week in which clearance was obtained.
 
  b. 
No Short-Term Trading (60-Day Rule)
 
No Employee shall profit in the purchase and sale, or sale and purchase, of any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest in the same (or equivalent) Covered Securities within any period of 60 consecutive calendar days without prior approval of Compliance Personnel.
 
  c. 
The Restricted List
 
The Compliance Committee shall maintain a list (the "Restricted List") containing the names of issuers for which, among other things, an officer of CRM serves as an officer or director, issuers in which any officer of CRM owns greater than a 4.9% interest, or issuers for which any CRM personnel believe they may be in possession of material, non-public information relating to such issuer.
 
The securities of any issuer contained on the Restricted List may not be purchased and/or sold for any Client Account or Employee Account without the prior approval of the Compliance Committee.
 
  d. 
Reporting
 
Initial Compliance Report
 
Not later than 10 calendar days after a person becomes an Employee, such Employee must report to Compliance Personnel the following information on an "Initial Compliance Report": the title, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security in which the Employee had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership when the person became an Employee; the name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Employee maintained an account in which any Covered Securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Employee as of the date the person became an Employee; and the date that the report is signed and submitted by the Employee. When a situation arises where an Employee gains sole or shared voting or investment power over securities or when an Employee gets married
 
Revised July 2011   7
 
 

 
or shares primary residence with a relative, such Employee shall notify Compliance Personnel of such event and take all steps necessary to disclose the relevant information to bring such third-party in compliance with the provisions of this Code.
 
An Employee may satisfy this requirement by attaching the most recent account statement (which statement must be current as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date it is submitted) for each Employee Account to a signed Initial Compliance Report.
 
Submission of Trading Statements
 
Every Employee must direct his or her broker, bank or other financial institution to provide CRM with duplicate copies of account statements ("trading statements") for Employee Accounts.
 
Quarterly Compliance Reports
 
Not later than 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, each Employee must report to Compliance Personnel the following information:
 
With respect to any transaction during the quarter in a Covered Security in which the Employee had any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership: the date of the transaction, the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares and the principal amount of each Covered Security involved; the nature of the transaction (purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition); the price of the Covered Security at which the transaction was effected; the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and the date that the report is signed and submitted by the Employee.
 
An Employee may satisfy the above requirements through provision of account statements (provided such statements are provided not later than 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter) for each Employee Account maintained by such Employee to Compliance Personnel.
 
Annual Holdings Reports
 
Not later than January 31st of each new year, all Employees must provide the following information: the title, and as applicable the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares and principal amount of each Covered Security involved; the name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Employee maintains an account in which any securities are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Employee; and the date that the report is signed and submitted by the Employee.
 
Employees may satisfy this requirement by attaching the most recent account statement (provided such statements are provided not later than 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter) for each Employee Account or certifying to the accuracy of the account information provided to such Employee by Compliance Personnel. The above information must be provided with a signed "Annual Compliance Certification" attached hereto.
 
Revised July 2011   8
 
 

 
Seven Day Blackout Periods
 
No Employee shall purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, any Covered Security in which he or she has, or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership:
 
 
which he or she knows or should have known at the time of such purchase or sale is or has been considered for purchase or sale by any Client Accounts, within the most recent seven (7) calendar days, or
 
 
which is or has been purchased or sold by any Client Accounts within the most recent seven (7) calendar days.
 
Aggregation of Orders
 
An order to purchase or sell a Covered Security for an Employee Account may be exempt from this prohibition and may be aggregated (or "bunched") with an order(s) for a Client Account(s) that is being handled by CRM's trading desk where:
 
the market capitalization of the issuer of the security is at least $500 million; and 
   
the CRM trading desk executes the Employee order.  This means the Employee Account must be at Salomon
  Smith Barney or be an account that can settle via a custodian bank.
 
 
Where an order for an Employee Account is handled in accordance with this paragraph, orders for Client Accounts shall be executed prior to, or concurrently with, any order for an Employee Account. This proviso applies to the specific order or orders for Client Accounts to which the Employee account is aggregated. It does not apply to other orders for Client accounts which may be entered by investment personnel later on the same day. In limited circumstances, a Client account where the Client directs the order to be executed by a specific brokerage firm (so-called "hold" account), such Clients' execution may occur after execution of the order(s) for which the Employee order is being aggregated, resulting in such Client's execution possibly occurring after the Employee order is executed.
 
The execution price received by a Client Account may not always be superior to the execution price received by an Employee Account.
 
$10 Billion Market Capitalization Exception
 
Transactions in securities for which the market capitalization of the company is greater than $10 billion are not subject to this 7-day blackout provision.
 
Special Holding Period for Securities with Small Market Capitalizations
 
Revised July 2011   9
 
 

 
 
In instances where an Employee Account and a Client Account own the same security with a market capitalization of $500 million or less the Employee Account is required to hold its position in such securities until the Client Account(s) is fully divested of its corresponding position in the securities. (Effective October 15, 2006)
 
Exchange-Traded Fund (ETF) Exception
 
Transactions in exchange-traded funds, or ETFs, are not subject to this 7-day blackout provision. (It should be noted that not all closed-end funds are ETFs, and only ETFs may rely on this exception.)
 
Waiver Requests
 
Under special circumstances and on a case-by-case basis, a member of the Compliance Committee may consider a request by an Employee for a waiver of the 7-day blackout provision. In considering any such request, any adverse consequences to any Client Account shall be considered. All waivers granted shall be recorded in writing.
 
  e. 
Prohibition on IPOs
 
No Employee shall acquire any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest in securities in an initial public offering ("IPO").
 
  f. 
Pre-Approval of Private Placements
 
An Employee may purchase securities in a Private Placement only if the Employee obtains the prior written approval of a member of the Compliance Committee. To request such approval, the Employee should complete and sign the "Pre-Clearance of Personal Non-Public Investments," attached hereto.
 
  g. 
Unlawful Activities Relating to Reportable Funds
 
No Employee shall, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, by such Employee of a Security Held or to be Acquired by a Reportable Fund:
 
 
Employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud the Reportable Fund;
 
 
Make any untrue statement of a material fact to the Reportable Fund or omit to state to the Reportable Fund a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
 
 
Engage in any act, practice or course of business which would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the Reportable Fund; or
 
 
Engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Reportable Fund.
 
Revised July 2011   10
 
 

 
 
     5. Exempted Transactions
     
The following transactions are not subject to the provisions of Section 5 of this Code: 
     
 
Transactions effected in any account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control.
     
 
Transactions which are part of an automatic investment plan.
     
 
Transactions in securities other than the Covered Securities.
     
     6.  Service as a Director of a Publicly-Traded Company
     
No Employee shall serve as a director of a publicly-traded company ("company") without prior written authorization from a member of the Compliance Committee. Any such authorization shall be based upon a determination that such board service would be consistent with the interests of the Client Accounts. 
     
     7.  Outside Business Activities
     
CRM is mindful of the potential conflicts of interest that may arise with its employees' outside business activities which includes any form of outside employment, including, but not limited to, traditional employment, consulting work, or distribution ("Outside Business Activities"). All employees shall notify their supervisor and a member of the Compliance Committee of any potential Outside Business Activity and must receive approval from a member of CRM's Compliance Committee prior to the employee engaging in such Outside Business Activity. 1
     
The following are factors that the CRM Compliance Committee member may consider in determining whether to grant employee Outside Business Activity approval: 
     
 
Whether the proposed activity may interfere materially with any of the employee's responsibilities to CRM or its advisory clients;
 
Potential conflicts of interest or appearance of conflicts of interest and whether such conflicts might be mitigated;
 
Potential regulatory concerns relating to the Outside Business Activity;
 
Consideration of other Outside Business Activities of the CRM employee
     
Any such approval shall be based upon the CRM Compliance Committee member's determination that such Outside Business Activity would not be in inconsistent with CRM's fiduciary duty to its clients. At the request of the CRM Compliance Committee member, employees may be required to provide supporting documentation that the employee is in
     

Employees are required to seek approval whether or not employee is compensated for such activity.
 
Revised July 2011   11
 
 

 
 
compliance with the firm's policy. On an annual basis, all employees shall certify to any Outside Business Activities or the absence thereof. Questions regarding this policy should be directed to the firm's CCO. 
   
     8.  Reporting of Violations and Oversight Responsibility
     
Any violations of this Code shall be promptly reported to the Chief Compliance Officer and, where appropriate, to the CRM Compliance Committee. The Compliance Committee shall have oversight responsibility for monitoring compliance with this Code, including the review of reports required to be submitted pursuant to Section 5. 
     
     9.  Notification of Reporting Obligations
     
A member of the Compliance Committee (or his or her delegate(s)) shall be responsible for notifying Employees, including Access Persons, of their obligations under this Code and for providing a copy of this Code to all Employees. Such notification shall take place through, among other things, regular dissemination of the Code. 
     
     10.  Written Acknowledgements
     
Upon becoming an Employee of the Firm, each Employee must review and acknowledge receipt of the Code. Additionally, on an annual basis, a member of the Compliance Committee (or his or her delegate) shall disseminate and receive from each Employee a written acknowledgement of their receipt of the Code and any amendments. 
 
Revised July 2011   12
 
 

 
 
     11.  Sanctions
     
Upon discovering a violation of this Code, the Compliance Committee may impose such sanctions as it deems appropriate, including,  inter alia , a requirement that the violator conduct all personal securities transactions through CRM's trading operations, disgorgement of profits, a letter of censure or suspension, or termination of employment. All material violations of this Code and sanctions imposed with respect thereto shall be reported periodically to the Board of Managers of the Adviser and Board of Trustees of any Fund. 
     
     12.  Insider Trading
     
The Adviser has adopted a policy statement on insider trading and conflicts of interest (the "Policy Statement"), a copy of which is attached hereto as Addendum I. All Employees are required by this Code to read and familiarize themselves with their responsibilities and obligations under the Policy Statement. 
 
     13. Spreading of False Rumors
     
CRM employees are expressly prohibited from knowingly spreading any false rumor, or any purported market development, concerning any company, that is designed to influence trading in or the price of that company's securities. Employees are also not permitted to engage in any other type of communication activity that constitutes illegal market manipulation. These prohibitions include the spreading of false rumors via all media, including, but not limited to, email, instant messages, text messages, blogs, "tweets" or chat rooms.
 
The spreading of false information may also lead to fines or censure by regulators as well as disciplinary action by the firm up to and including termination of employment. Questions regarding this policy should be directed to the firm's General Counsel. 
     
     14.  Gifts and Entertainment Policy
     
The Adviser has adopted a gifts and entertainment policy (the "Gifts and Entertainment Policy"), a copy of which is attached hereto as Addendum II. All Employees are required by this Code to read and familiarize themselves with their responsibilities and obligations under the Gifts and Entertainment Policy. 
     
     15.  Other Policies
     
The provisions of this Code of Ethics and the attached Policy Statement on Insider Trading are in addition to, and not a substitute for, any codes or standards of professional conduct which may apply to Chartered Financial Analysts. 
 
Revised July 2011   13
 
 

 
ADDENDUM I
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC
Policy Statement on Insider Trading
 
 
The following policies have been established to aid employees and other persons associated with CRM in avoiding "insider trading". All employees and other persons must follow these policies or risk serious sanction, including dismissal, substantial personal liability and criminal penalties. If an employee or other person has a question about these procedures, such person should contact CRM's General Counsel.
 
I. Description of Insider Trading
   
  The term "insider trading" is not defined in the federal securities laws, but generally is used to refer to the use of material non-public information to trade in securities (whether or not someone is an "insider") and to communications of material non-public information to others. 
   
  While the law concerning "insider trading" is not static, it is generally understood that the law prohibits: 
     
    trading by an insider while in possession of material non-public information; or
       
   
trading by a non-insider while in possession of material non-public information, where the information was either disclosed to the non-insider in violation of an insider's duty to keep it confidential or was misappropriated; or
       
   
communicating material non-public information to others.
       
  The elements of "insider trading" and the penalties for such unlawful conduct are discussed below:
     
  A. Who is an Insider?
     
    The concept of "insider" is broad. It includes all employees of a company. In addition, a person can be a "temporary insider" if he/she enters into a special confidential relationship in the conduct of a company's affairs and as a result is given access to information solely for the company's purposes. A temporary insider can include, among others, a company's attorneys, accountant, consultants, bank lending officers and the employees of such organizations. In addition, an employee of CRM may become a temporary insider for a company it advises or for which it performs other services. According to the Supreme Court, the company must expect an outsider to keep the disclosed non-public 
 
Revised July 2011   14
 
 

 
 
    information confidential and the relationship must at least imply such a duty before the outsider will be considered an insider. 
     
  B. What is Material Information?
     
    Trading on inside information is not a basis for liability unless the information is material. "Material information" is generally defined as information for which there is a substantial likelihood that a reasonable investor would consider it important in making his/her investment decisions or information that is reasonably certain to have a substantial effect on the price of a company's securities. Information that employees should consider material includes but is not limited to: dividend changes, earnings estimates, changes in previously released earnings estimates, significant merger or acquisition proposals or agreements, major litigation, liquidation problems and extraordinary management developments. 
     
    Material information does not have to relate to a company's business. For example, in Carpenter v. U.S. 108 U.S. 316 (1987), the Supreme Court considered as material certain information about the contents of a forthcoming newspaper column that was expected to affect the market price of a security. In that case, a reporter for The Wall Street Journal was found criminally liable for disclosing to others the dates that reports on various companies would appear in The Wall Street Journal and whether those reports would be favorable or not. 
     
    Potential sources of inside information include the receipt, whether directly or indirectly, of information related to the offering of private investments in public offerings ("PIPES"), and information from other third-parties including but not limited to counsel, independent registered public accounting firms, investors, financial printers and trading partners of a material nature. 
     
    Another example of material information is current CRM portfolio holdings for clients and current CRM investment strategies ("CRM Portfolio Information"). If other market participants obtain CRM Portfolio Information, they could use it to trade against CRM clients or otherwise profit by anticipating CRM trades. For example, if others know that CRM intends to make large investments in a particular company, they could invest in the same company in anticipation of increases in its share price as CRM places its trades. This may eliminate or reduce the benefit to CRM clients from these trades. However, unlike other inside information CRM Portfolio Information may be used for the benefit of CRM clients. Thus there is no restriction on using CRM Portfolio Information to implement CRM investment strategies for the benefit of CRM clients, although obviously one may not trade for one set of CRM clients in a manner designed to take improper advantage of CRM Portfolio Information for other clients. 
 
Revised July 2011   15
 
 

 
 
  C. What is Non-Public Information?
     
    Information is non-public until it has been effectively communicated to the marketplace. One must be able to point to some fact to show that the information is generally public. For example, information found in a report filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or appearing in Dow Jones, Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation would be considered public. 
     
  D. Penalties
     
    Penalties for trading on or communicating material non-public information are severe, both for individuals involved in such unlawful conduct and their employers. A person can be subject to some or all of the penalties below even if he/she does not personally benefit from the violation. Penalties include: 
     
    civil injunctions; 
       
    treble damages; 
       
    disgorgement of profits; 
       
    jail sentences; 
       
   
fines for the person who committed the violation of up to three times the profit gained or loss avoided, whether or not the person actually benefited; and
       
   
fines for the employer or other controlling person of up to the greater of $1,000,000 or three times the profit gained or loss avoided.
     
     
    In addition, any violations or this Policy Statement on Insider Trading will be subject to the sanctions described in the CRM Code of Ethics. 
     
II. Identifying Inside Information
   
  Before an employee enters into a transaction in the securities of a company about which he/she may have potential inside information, the following questions must be resolved: 
   
 
A.
Is the information material? Is this information that an investor would consider important in making his/her investment decision? Is this information that would substantially affect the market price of the securities if generally disclosed?
     
 
B.
Is the information non-public? To whom has this information been provided? Has the information been effectively communicated to the marketplace by being published in Reuters Economic Services, The Wall Street Journal or other publications of general circulation?
 
Revised July 2011   16
 
 

 
 
    If, after considering these factors, the employee believes that the information is material and non-public, or if he/she has any questions as to whether the information is material and non-public, the employee must take the following steps: 
     
    report the matter immediately to Compliance Personnel; 
       
   
refrain from purchasing or selling the securities in a personal securities transaction or on behalf of others, including CRM's client accounts;
       
   
refrain from communicating the information inside or outside CRM, other than to Compliance Personnel; and
       
   
after Compliance Personnel have reviewed the issue, the employee will be instructed to continue the prohibitions against trading and communications, or will be allowed to trade on and communicate the information.
     
  The rules in the preceding paragraph do not apply to use of Client Portfolio Information of a CRM client in transactions for that client or otherwise in the proper conduct of CRM's business. However, employees must immediately report to Compliance Personnel any misuse of CRM Portfolio Information.
     
III. Restricting Access to Material Non-Public Information
     
  Information in the possession of any employee that may be considered material and non­public may not be communicated to anyone, including persons within CRM, except as provided in Section II above, provided that CRM Portfolio Information may, as appropriate in the conduct on CRM business, be provided to CRM personnel, service providers to CRM and CRM Funds, and attorneys, accountants and other professional advisers to CRM and CRM Funds. In addition, care should be taken so that all material non-public information is secure. For example, files containing material non-public information should be sealed and access to computer files containing material non-public information should be restricted. 
     
IV. Special Considerations Regarding the Use of Expert Networks
     
  As noted in a 2011 press release issued by the SEC, while it is legal to obtain expert advice and analysis through expert networking arrangements, it is illegal to trade on material non-public information obtained in violation of a duty to keep that information confidential. 2 A CRM research analyst must bear in mind special considerations when considering the use of such networks. In response to industry developments regarding the use of expert networks, 3 CRM has adopted the following set of procedures in connection with the firm's use of expert networks for research purposes: 
     
 

2 See http://www. sec. gov/news/press/2011/2011-38.htm
 
3 United States v. Raj Rajaratnam, 09 CR 1184 (S.D.N.Y.) (2011) (RJH) and United States Securities and Exchange Commission v. Galleon Management LP, 09 cv 8811, (S.D.N.Y.) (2011)(JSR)
 
Revised July 2011   17
 
 

 
 
   
A CRM research analyst may not consult with any consultant from an expert network who is a current employee, officer or director of a publicly traded company or has served as an employee, officer or director of a publicly traded company during the six month period preceding the proposed consultation.
       
   
Prior to commencing discussions with consultants from an expert network, the CRM research analyst shall read the following disclosure statement:
       
      "At the outset of this call, [I/we] would like to make it clear that [I/we] do not want to discuss any information which might be deemed material and non-public, or which you may have a duty to keep confidential."
       
   
CRM research analysts or a designee shall maintain a log of all consultations conducted with a consultant from an expert network. This log shall include the following information:
       
      ○ 
Purpose/topic to which the call primarily relates, including the relevant tickers (if applicable);
      ○ 
Date of the consultation;
      ○ 
CRM participant(s);
      ○ 
Name of expert consultant(s) and background.
       
   
All expert network providers must be approved by CRM's Compliance Committee before a research analyst is allowed to participate in any consultations with such provider.
       
    Failure to adhere to this policy may result in disciplinary action as addressed earlier in this Code as well as in the revocation of the CRM research analyst's use of an expert network in the future. All questions concerning expert networks, the use thereof or these procedures should be addressed to CRM's Compliance Department.
     
    Approved Expert Networks
     
    Guidepoint Global, LLC 
       
V.
Special Considerations Regarding One-on-One Meetings with Management at Broker-Sponsored Conferences
       
  CRM research analysts may periodically attend conferences sponsored by brokers which provide one-on-one access to management of companies for whom CRM trades on behalf of its clients. In an effort to monitor analysts' attendance at such conferences, including information acquired at such conferences, a member of the research department or its delegate will maintain a log of all broker-sponsored conferences where an analyst participates in a one-on-one meeting with management representatives of a company for
 
Revised July 2011   18
 
 

 
 
  whom we trade on behalf of our advisory clients. The log shall include the following information:
     
    The date of the conference;
       
   
The entity sponsoring the conference;
       
   
The company and representatives with whom a CRM analyst participated in a one-on-one meeting; and
       
   
The CRM analyst(s) who participated in the one-on-one meeting.
     
  In addition, a CRM analyst participating in such meeting will be required to capture any material information acquired during the meeting in CRM's proprietary research database.
     
VI. Resolving Issues Concerning Insider Trading
     
  If, after consideration of the items set forth in Section II.B. above, doubt remains as to whether information is material or non-public, or if there is any unresolved question as to the applicability or interpretation of the foregoing procedures or as to the propriety of any action, it must be discussed with Compliance Personnel before trading on or communicating the information to anyone. 
   
VII. Additional Note
   
  All Employees are required by this Code to read and familiarize themselves with their responsibilities and obligations on Insider Trading. The provisions of this Policy Statement on Insider Trading are in addition to, and not a substitute for, any codes or standards of professional conduct which may apply to Chartered Financial Analysis. 
 
Revised July 2011   19
 
 

 
ADDENDUM II
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC
Gifts and Entertainment Policy
 
Cramer Rosenthal McGlynn, LLC ("CRM") and its personnel are required to put the interests of CRM clients ahead of their own personal interests. This general rule means, among other things, that we should make investment and related decisions for client accounts based upon the best interests of our clients rather than our own interests. In particular, we must not let personal gifts or entertainment that we receive from other businesses cloud the independent judgment that we exercise on behalf of our clients.
 
This Policy is intended to help CRM avoid and address actual, potential, or perceived conflicts of interest and other concerns that might arise from receipt of gifts, travel, meals, or entertainment from other businesses. At the same time, it is designed to permit reasonable and customary exchanges of gifts, travel, meals, and entertainment with business associates, which are important in fostering the personal relationships that underpin our business.
 
This Policy applies to gifts, travel, meals, and entertainment received from the following ("Covered Persons"): (i) securities brokers, and other vendors or consultants to CRM; (ii) current or prospective advisory clients; (iii) intermediaries through which CRM mutual funds are offered to the public, including for example mutual fund "supermarkets"; (iv) public companies and other issuers of securities that are held in CRM client accounts or are being considered for investment by CRM client accounts; and (v) officers, employees, and other representatives of Covered Persons.
 
This Policy applies to gifts, travel, meals, and entertainment received by CRM officers and employees as well as their spouses and dependent children. This Policy applies to all of the above, whether received in the workplace or at home.
 
CRM officers and employees are expected to be sensitive to the negative appearance that may be created by receiving frequent gifts and business entertainment from the same Covered Person, even if they comply with the specific provisions of this Policy.
 
You should direct any questions about this Policy to CRM's General Counsel.
 
I. Gifts
 
CRM officers and employees may not accept gifts valued at over $100 from any Covered Person, and the aggregate amount of gifts received by any CRM officer or employee from the same Covered Person may not exceed $250 in any calendar year. CRM officers and employees may never accept cash or its equivalent as a gift from any Covered Person, nor may they solicit any gift from a Covered Person. Gifts from clients in excess of $100 may be accepted but must be disclosed to the Chief Compliance Officer of CRM (the "CCO").
 
The $100 limit applies separately to each gift or set of related gifts. For example, if an employee received a desktop set including pen, pencil, and writing pad, the $100 limit would
 
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apply to the whole set rather than to each item separately. Likewise, a gift from a Covered Person that is received and shared by several people may be accepted, provided that the value to each individual recipient is no greater than $100.00.
 
As specified below, in special circumstances, a waiver may also be granted by the CCO. Such request should be made at or near the time of receiving a gift from a Covered Person. CRM officers and employees seeking to accept a gift are expected to take reasonable steps to determine the actual value of any gifts.
 
These limits on gifts also apply to travel, meals, and entertainment other than Business Entertainment as defined below.
 
II. Business Entertainment
 
In recognition of the useful business purpose that business entertainment may provide in fostering the personal relationships that underpin our business, the following guidelines apply to meals and entertainment that meet both the following conditions ("Business Entertainment"):
 
 
(i)
representatives of both CRM and the Covered Person participate together in the meals and entertainment--although it is not necessary that they be together at all times: for example, if they travel separately to an event; and
 
 
(ii)
meals and entertainment are not supplied at a location that many people would consider disreputable or clearly unsuitable for business meetings, such as a strip club.
 
CRM officers and employees may not accept Business Entertainment valued at over $400 from any Covered Person for any single event or occasion, and the aggregate amount of Business Entertainment received by any CRM officer or employee from the same Covered Person may not exceed $1,300 in any calendar year. The $400 limit applies to all costs related to a single trip or event, excluding costs for local travel (such as taxi cabs or car services). For example, if an employee was taken one evening to dinner and a sporting event, the cost of the meal and the sporting event ticket would be combined for purposes of the $400 limit; local transportation costs would not be included.
 
III. Reporting
 
CRM officers and employees who receive gifts with a value of $25 and above or who participate in Business Entertainment with a value of $50 and above must report the activity on an internal CRM database located at http://imsipts/Compliance/MyCompliance/Index.asp.
 
IV. Waivers
 
The limits above on gifts, meals, and entertainment may be waived in special cases by the CCO. In determining whether to give any such waiver, the CCO shall consider (i) any value to CRM or its clients from accepting the gift, meals, or entertainment (e.g. information and
 
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experience to be gained by attending a conference); (ii) the number of waivers involving the same Covered Person during the preceding 12 months; (iii) the number of waivers for the same CRM officer or employee during the preceding 12 months, and (iv) in the case of Covered Persons based outside the United States, differences in international customs and practices and higher cost levels in some other countries.
 
V. Gifts, Travel, Meals, and Entertainment Provided by CRM
 
CRM officers and employees may not give gifts, travel, meals, or entertainment to Covered Persons in order to improperly influence them or to induce them to breach their duties to others. CRM officers and employees may never give cash or its equivalent as a gift to any Covered Person.
 
This Policy does not prohibit giving non-cash gifts, travel, meals, or entertainment in order to foster a business relationship, to demonstrate customary courtesy, or to better understand our business partners and their products, operations, and goals. CRM officers and employees are expected to show good judgment in distinguishing acceptable business gift-giving and socializing from excessive gift-giving or entertainment that may create an unfortunate appearance or cause others to misunderstand our motives.
 
Any gifts, travel, meals, or entertainment provided by CRM shall be properly accounted for in the books of CRM.
 
VI. General
 
Each CRM employee is required to acknowledge annually that he/she has reviewed and complied with this Policy.
 
CRM officers and employees are required to observe this Policy as a condition of their employment. Violations of this Policy may result in disciplinary action, which may include termination of employment.
 
Any questions about how this Policy should be interpreted will be resolved by CRM's General Counsel.
 
 
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SECTION S
 
Code of Ethics
 
Gabelli Funds, LLC
GAMCO Asset Management Inc.
Gabelli & Company, Inc.
Teton Advisors, Inc.
Gabelli Fixed Income LLC
Gabelli Securities, Inc.
 
Each Registered Investment Company
 
or series thereof (each of which
is considered to be a Company
for this purpose) for which any
of the Companies listed above
presently or hereafter provides
investment advisory or principal
underwriting services, other than a
money market fund or a fund
that does not invest in Securities.
 
Introduction
 
This Code of Ethics establishes rules of conduct for persons who are associated with the companies named above or with the registered investment companies for which such companies provide investment advisory or principal underwriter services. The Code governs their personal investment and other investment-related activities.
 
The basic rule is very simple: we all have a fiduciary duty to put the client's interests first. In particular, you are reminded that investment opportunities must be offered first to clients before the firm or staff may act on them. This is one of the important objectives that the procedures set forth in this Code are intended to accomplish. The rest of the rules elaborate this principle. Some of the rules are imposed specifically by law. For example, the laws that govern investment advisers specifically prohibit fraudulent activity, making statements that are not true or that are misleading or omit something that is significant in the context and engaging in manipulative practices. These are general words, of course, and over the years the courts, the regulators and investment advisers have interpreted these words and established codes of conduct for their employees and others who have access to their investment decisions and trading activities. Indeed, the rules obligate investment advisers to adopt written rules that are reasonably designed to prevent the illegal activities described above and must follow procedures that will enable them to prevent such activities.
 
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The purpose of this Code is to reinforce and enhance the long-standing commitment of the entire firm to the highest standards of ethical business conduct. Our business depends on our reputation for integrity and principled business conduct, and this reputation, in turn, depends on the day-to-day actions of every staff member. Accordingly, we must avoid conflicts of interest, which may occur when your private interests interfere in any way, or even appear to interfere, with the interests of the firm or its clients. A conflict situation can arise when you take actions or have interests that make it difficult for you to perform your work objectively and effectively. Your obligation to conduct the firm's business in an ethical manner includes the ethical handling of actual or apparent conflicts of interest between personal and business relationships, including full disclosure of such conflicts. Each staff member is responsible for conducting himself in a lawful, honest and ethical manner at all times, and in accordance with all laws, rules and regulations applicable to our business, including this Code and all other internal policies and procedures adopted by the firm.
 
This Code is intended to assist the companies in fulfilling their obligations under the law. The first part lays out who the Code applies to, the second part deals with personal investment activities, the third part deals with other sensitive business practices, and subsequent parts deal with reporting and administrative procedures.
 
The Code is very important to the Companies and their staff members. Violations can not only cause the Companies embarrassment, loss of business, legal restrictions, fines, and other punishments, but for staff members, can lead to demotion, suspension, firing, ejection from the securities business, and very large fines.
 
I.             Applicability
 
A.               The Code applies to each of the following:
 
 
1.
The Companies named or described at the top of page one of the Code and all entities that are under common management with these Companies or otherwise agree to be subject to the Code ("Affiliates"). A listing of the Affiliates, which is periodically updated, is attached as Exhibit A.
 
 
2.
Any officer, director or employee of any Company, Affiliate or Fund Client (as defined below) whose job regularly involves him in the investment process. This includes the formulation and making of investment recommendations and decisions, the purchase and sale of securities for clients and the utilization of information about investment recommendations, decisions and trades. Due to the manner in which the Companies and the Affiliates conduct their business, every employee should assume
 
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that he is subject to the Code unless the Compliance Officer specifies otherwise.
 
 
3.
With respect to all of the Companies, Affiliates and Fund Clients except Gabelli & Company, Inc., any natural person who controls any of the Companies, Affiliates or Fund Clients and who obtains information regarding the Companies' or the Affiliates' investment recommendations or decisions. However, a person whose control arises only as a result of his official position with such entity is excluded. Disinterested directors of Fund Clients and Independent Directors, for example, are excluded from coverage under this item.
 
 
4.
With respect to all of the Companies and Fund Clients except Gabelli & Company, Inc., any director, officer, general partner or person performing a similar function even if he has no knowledge of and is not involved in the investment process. Interested and disinterested directors of Fund Clients and Independent Directors are included in coverage under this item.
 
 
5.
As an exception, the Code does not apply to any director, officer or employee of any Fund Client (such as certain of The Gabelli Westwood Funds) with respect to which the Companies' services do not involve the formulation or making of investment recommendations or decisions or the execution of portfolio transactions if that person is also a director, officer or employee of any entity that does perform such services (such as Westwood Management Corp.). These individuals are covered by codes of ethics adopted by such entities.
 
B.               Definitions
 
 
1.
Access Persons. The Companies and the persons described in items (A)2 and (A)3 above other than those excluded by item (A)5 above.
 
 
2.
Access Person Account. Includes all advisory, brokerage, trust or other accounts or forms of direct beneficial ownership in which one or more Access Persons and/or one or more members of an Access Person's immediate family have a substantial proportionate economic interest. Immediate family includes an Access Person's spouse and minor children living with the Access Person. A substantial proportionate economic interest will generally be 10%
 
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of the equity in the account in the case of any single Access Person and 25% of the equity in the account in the case of all Access Persons in the aggregate, whichever is first applicable. Investment partnerships and similar indirect means of ownership other than registered open-end investment companies are also treated as accounts.
 
As an exception, accounts in which one or more Access Persons and/or their immediate family have a substantial proportionate interest which are maintained with persons who have no affiliation with the Companies and with respect to which no Access Person has, in the judgment of the Compliance Officer after reviewing the terms and circumstances, any direct or indirect influence or control over the investment or portfolio execution process are not Access Person Accounts.
 
As a further exception, subject to the provisions of Article II(I)7, bona fide market making accounts of Gabelli & Company, Inc. are not Access Person Accounts.
 
As a further exception, subject to the provisions of Article II(I)7, bona fide error accounts of the Companies and the Affiliates are not Access Person Accounts.
 
 
3 .
Affiliated Mutual Funds. Registered open-end investment companies or series thereof advised or sub-advised by any of the Companies or their Affiliates.
 
 
4.
Associate Portfolio Managers. Access Persons who are engaged in securities research and analysis for designated Clients or are responsible for investment recommendations for designated Clients but who are not principally responsible for investment decisions with respect to any Client accounts.
 
 
5 .
Clients. Investment advisory accounts maintained with any of the Companies or Affiliates by any person, other than Access Person Accounts. However, Fund Clients covered by item (A)(5) above are considered Client accounts only with respect to employees specifically identified by the Compliance Officer as having regular information regarding investment recommendations or decisions or portfolio transactions for such Fund Clients.
 
 
6.
Companies. The companies named or described at the top of page one of the Code.
 
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7.
Compliance Officer. The persons designated as the compliance officers of the Companies.
     
 
8.
Covered Persons. The Companies, the Access Persons and the persons described in item (A)4 above.
     
 
9.
Fund Clients. Clients that are registered investment companies or series thereof.
     
 
10.
Independent Directors. A director of any of the Companies or Affiliates, other than an investment advisor to a Fund Client, who would not be an "interested person" of any of such entities under Section 2(a)(19) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 but for the fact that he serves as such a director and may own beneficially securities of any such entity constituting less than 5% of the voting securities thereof and may be an associated person of or own securities in a broker-dealer or parent company thereof and who does not have any involvement in the day-to-day activities of any of the Companies or Fund Clients.
     
 
11.
Portfolio Managers. Access Persons who are principally responsible for investment decisions with respect to any Client accounts.
     
 
12.
Security. Any financial instrument treated as a security for investment purposes and any related instrument such as a futures, forward or swap contract entered into with respect to one or more securities, a basket of or an index of securities or components of securities. However, the term security does not include securities issued by the Government of the United States, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements, or shares of registered open-end investment companies. Shares of affiliated registered open-end investment companies are not securities but are subject to special rules under this Code.
 
II. Restrictions On Personal Investing Activities
 
A.            Basic Restriction on Investing Activities
 
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If a purchase or sale order is pending or under active consideration for any Client account by any Company or Affiliate, neither the same Security nor any related Security (such as an option, warrant or convertible security) may be bought or sold for any Access Person Account.
 
B.           Initial Public Offerings
 
No Security or related Security may be acquired in an initial public offering for any Access Person Account.
 
C.           Blackout Period
 
No Security or related Security may be bought or sold for the account of any Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager during the period commencing seven (7) days prior to and ending seven (7) calendar days after the purchase or sale (or entry of an order for the purchase or sale) of that Security or any related Security for the account of any Client with respect to which such person has been designated a Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager, unless the Client account receives at least as good a price as the account of the Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager and the Compliance Officer determines under the circumstances that the Client account has not been adversely affected (including with respect to the amount of such Security able to be bought by the Client account) by the transaction for the account of the Portfolio Manager or Associate Portfolio Manager.
 
D.           Short-term Trading and Affiliated Mutual Funds
 
No Security or related Security may, within a 60-day period, be bought and sold or sold and bought at a profit for any Access Person Account if the Security or related Security was held at any time during that period in any Client account. No Affiliated Mutual Fund, other than money market mutual funds, may be bought and sold within a 60-day period (measured on a last in first out basis). However, shares of Affiliated Mutual Funds held in 401(k) accounts administered by Ascensus (formerly BISYS) will not be subject to the 60-day holding period where the shares were purchased under the following circumstances:
 
 
Shares purchased by reinvestment of dividends or capital gain distributions;
 
Shares purchased in rollover transactions;
 
Shares purchased for automatic contribution election; and
 
Shares purchased for automated account rebalance.
 
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E.           Exempt Transactions
 
Participation on an ongoing basis in an issuer's dividend reinvestment or stock purchase plan, participation in any transaction over which no Access Person had any direct or indirect influence or control and involuntary transactions (such as mergers, inheritances, gifts, etc.) are exempt from the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C) and (D) above without case by case pre-clearance under paragraph (G) below.
 
F.           Permitted Exceptions
 
Purchases and sales of the following Securities for Access Person Accounts are exempt from the restrictions set forth in paragraphs (A), (C) and the first sentence of paragraph (D) above if such purchases and sales comply with the pre-clearance requirements of paragraph (G) below:
 
 
1.
Publicly traded non-convertible fixed income Securities rated at least "A";
 
 
2.
Publicly traded equity Securities of a class having a market capitalization in excess of $1.0 billion;
 
 
3.
Publicly traded equity Securities of a class having a market capitalization in excess of $500 million if the transaction in question and the aggregate amount of such Securities and any related Securities purchased and sold for the Access Person Account in question during the preceding 60 days does not exceed 100 shares;
 
 
4.
Municipal Securities; and
 
 
5.
Securities transactions that the Compliance Officer concludes are being effected for federal, state or local income tax purposes.
 
In addition, the exercise of rights that were received pro rata with other security holders is exempt.
 
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G.             Pre-Clearance of Personal Securities Transactions
 
No Security may be bought or sold for an Access Person Account unless: (i) the Access Person obtains prior approval from the Compliance Officer or, in the absence of the Compliance Officer, from the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc. or a designee; (ii) the approved transaction is completed on the same day approval is received; and (iii) the Compliance Officer or the General Counsel or designee does not rescind such approval prior to execution of the transaction (See paragraph I below for details of the Pre-Clearance Process.)
 
H.           Private Placements
 
The Compliance Officer will not approve purchases or sales of Securities that are not publicly traded, unless the Access Person provides full details of the proposed transaction (including written certification that the investment opportunity did not arise by virtue of such person's activities on behalf of any Client) and the Compliance Officer concludes, after consultation with one or more of the relevant Portfolio Managers, that the Companies would have no foreseeable interest in investing in such Security or any related Security for the account of any Client.
 
I.           Pre-Clearance Process
 
 
1.
No Securities may be purchased or sold for any Access Person Account unless the particular transaction has been approved in writing by the Compliance Officer or, in his absence, the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc. or their designees. The Compliance Officer or a designee shall review not less frequently than weekly reports from the trading desk (or, if applicable, confirmations from brokers) to assure that all transactions effected for Access Person Accounts are effected in compliance with this Code.
 
 
2.
No Securities may be purchased or sold for any Access Person Account other than through the trading desk of Gabelli & Company, Inc., unless express permission is granted by the Compliance Officer. Such permission may be granted only on the condition that the third party broker supply the Compliance Officer, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of confirmations of all personal Securities transactions for such Access Person in the
 
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accounts maintained with such third party broker and copies of periodic statements for all such accounts.
 
 
3.
A Trading Approval Form, attached as Exhibit B, must be completed and submitted to the Compliance Officer or a designee for approval prior to entry of an order.
 
 
4.
After reviewing the proposed trade, the level of potential investment interest on behalf of Clients in the Security in question and the Companies' restricted lists, the Compliance Officer shall approve (or disapprove) a trading order on behalf of an Access Person as expeditiously as possible. The Compliance Officer will generally approve transactions described in paragraph (F) above unless the Security in question or a related security is on the Restricted List or the Compliance Officer believes for any other reason that the Access Person Account should not trade in such Security at such time.
 
 
5.
Once an Access Person's Trading Approval Form is approved, the form must be forwarded to the trading desk (or, if a third party broker is permitted, to the Compliance Officer) for execution on the same day. If the Access Person's trading order request is not approved, or is not executed on the same day it is approved, the clearance lapses although such trading order request may be resubmitted at a later date.
 
 
6.
In the absence of the Compliance Officer, an Access Person may submit his or her Trading Approval Form to the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc or a designee. Trading approval for the Compliance Officer must be obtained from the General Counsel, and trading approval for the General Counsel must be obtained from the Compliance Officer or a designee. In no case will the Trading Desk accept an order for an Access Person Account unless it is accompanied by a signed Trading Approval Form.
 
 
7.
The Compliance Officer shall review all Trading Approval Forms, all initial, quarterly and annual disclosure certifications and the trading activities on behalf of all Client accounts with a view to ensuring that all Covered Persons are complying with the spirit as well as the detailed requirements of this Code. The Compliance Officer will review all transactions in the market making accounts of Gabelli & Company, Inc. and the error accounts of the Companies and the Affiliates in order to ensure that such transactions are bona fide market making or error transactions or
 
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are conducted in accordance with the requirements of this Article II.
 
III. Other Investment-Related Restrictions
 
A.           Gifts
 
No Access Person shall accept any gift or other item of more than $100 in value from any person or entity that does business with or on behalf of any Client.
 
B.           Service As a Director
 
No Access Person shall commence service on the Board of Directors of a publicly traded company or any company in which any Client account has an interest without prior authorization from the Compliance Committee based upon a determination that the Board service would not be inconsistent with the interests of the Clients. The Compliance Committee shall include the senior Compliance Officer of GAMCO Investors, Inc., the General Counsel of GAMCO Investors, Inc. and at least two of the senior executives from among the Companies.
 
 
IV. Reports and Additional Compliance Procedures
 
 
A.
Every Covered Person must submit a report (a form of which is appended as Exhibit C) containing the information set forth in paragraph (B) below with respect to transactions in any Security or Affiliated Mutual Fund in which such Covered Person has or by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect beneficial ownership (as defined in Exhibit D) in the Security, or Affiliated Mutual Fund and with respect to any account established by the Covered Person in which any Securities or Affiliated Mutual Funds were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person; provided , however that:
 
 
1.
A Covered Person who is required to make reports only because he is a director of one of the Fund Clients and who is a "disinterested" director thereof or who is an Independent Director need not make a report with respect to any transactions other than those where he
 
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knew or should have known in the course of his duties as a director that any Fund Client has made or makes a purchase or sale of the same or a related Security, or the investment adviser of any such Fund Client has considered causing any Fund Client to purchase or sell the same or a related Security, within 15 days before or after the purchase or sale of such Security or related Security by such director.
 
 
2.
A Covered Person need not make a report with respect to any transaction effected for, and Securities and Affiliated Mutual Funds held in, any account over which such person does not have any direct or indirect influence or control; and
 
 
3.
A Covered Person will be deemed to have complied with the requirements of this Article IV insofar as the Compliance Officer receives in a timely fashion duplicate monthly or quarterly brokerage statements or transaction confirmations on which all transactions required to be reported hereunder are described.
 
 
 
B.
A Covered Person must submit the report required by this Article to the Compliance Officer no later than 30 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction or account to which the report relates was effected or established, and the report must contain the date that the report is submitted.
 
 
1.
This report must contain the following information with respect to transactions:
 
 
a.
The date of the transaction, the title and number of shares and the principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund involved;
 
 
b.
The nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
 
 
c.
The price at which the transaction was effected; and
 
 
d.
The name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through whom the transaction was effected.
 
 
2.
This report must contain the following information with respect to accounts established:
 
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The name of the broker, dealer or bank with whom the account was established; and
 
 
The date the account was established.
 
 
C.
Any report submitted to comply with the requirements of this Article IV may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the Security or Affiliated Mutual Fund to which the report relates. A person need not make any report under this Article IV with respect to transactions effected for, and Securities, and Affiliated Mutual Funds held in, any account over which the person has no direct or indirect influence or control.
 
 
D.
No later than 10 days after beginning employment with any of the Companies or Affiliates or otherwise becoming a Covered Person, each Covered Person (except for a "disinterested" director of the Fund Client or an Independent Director who is required to submit reports under this Article IV solely by reason of being such a director) must submit a report, which must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date of beginning employment, containing the following information:
 
 
1.
The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund in which the Covered Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership when the person became a Covered Person;
 
 
2.
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Covered Person maintained an account in which any Securities and Affiliated Mutual Fund were held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person as of the date the person became a Covered Person; and
 
 
3.
The date that the report is submitted.
 
 
The form of such report is attached as Exhibit E.
 
 
E.
Annually each Covered Person must certify that he has read and understood the Code and recognizes that he is subject to such Code. In addition, annually each Covered Person must certify that he has disclosed or reported all personal Securities and Affiliated Mutual Fund transactions required to be disclosed or reported under the Code and that he is not subject to any regulatory disability described in the annual
 
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      certification form. Furthermore, each Covered Person (except for a "disinterested" director of the Fund Client or an Independent Director who is required to submit reports under this Article IV solely by reason of being such a director) annually must submit a report containing the following information (which information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days before the report is submitted): 
       
   
1.
The title, number of shares and principal amount of each Security and Affiliated Mutual Fund in which the Covered Person had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership;
       
   
2.
The name of any broker, dealer or bank with whom the Covered Person maintains an account in which any Securities and Affiliated Mutual Funds are held for the direct or indirect benefit of the Covered Person; and
       
   
3.
The date that the report is submitted.
       
    The form of such certification and report is attached as Exhibit F.
       
       
 
F.
At least annually (or quarterly in the case of Items 4 and 5 below), each of the Companies that has a Fund Client or that provides principal underwriting services for a Fund Client shall, together with each Fund Client, furnish a written report to the Board of Directors of the Fund Client that:
       
   
1.
Describes any issues arising under the Code since the last report.
       
   
2.
Certifies that the Companies have developed procedures concerning Covered Persons' personal trading activities and reporting requirements relevant to such Fund Clients that are reasonably necessary to prevent violations of the Code;
       
    3. 
Recommends changes, if any, to the Fund Clients' or the Companies' Codes of Ethics or procedures;
       
   
4.
Provides a summary of any material or substantive violations of this Code by Covered Persons with respect to such Fund Clients which occurred during the past quarter and the nature of any remedial action taken; and
       
   
5.
Describes any material or significant exceptions to any provisions of this Code of Ethics as determined under Article VI below.
 
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G.
The Compliance Officer shall notify each employee of any of the Companies or Affiliates as to whether such person is considered to be an Access Person or Covered Person and shall notify each other person that is considered to be an Access Person or Covered Person.
       
V. Sanctions
   
  The Compliance Officer or his designee will review all Trading Approval Forms, all initial, quarterly and annual disclosure certifications and the trading activities on behalf of all client accounts with a view to ensuring that all Covered Persons are complying with the spirit as well as the detailed requirements of the Code.
   
  All violations of the Code must be reported to the Chief Compliance Officer for the appropriate registered investment adviser. In addition, if a staff member becomes aware of or suspects a violation of the Code by any other staff member, the violation or suspected violation must be promptly reported to the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel. Staff members may make such reports anonymously, and will not be retaliated against by the firm for reporting conduct that may constitute a violation of the Code. 
   
  Upon discovering that a Covered Person has not complied with the requirements of this Code, the Chief Compliance Officer or the General Counsel will advise the Board of Directors of the relevant Company or of the relevant Fund Client. whichever is most appropriate under the circumstances, which may impose on that person whatever sanctions the Board deems appropriate, including, among other things, disgorgement of profit, censure, suspension or termination of employment. Material violations of requirements of this Code by employees of Covered Persons and any sanctions imposed in connection therewith shall be reported not less frequently than quarterly to the Board of Directors of any relevant Company or Fund Client, as applicable. 
   
  The General Counsel will ensure that the Fund Clients and each Gabelli entity that has a Fund Client, furnish a written report to the Board of Directors of each Fund Client, annually or quarterly as required by the Code, containing the information set forth in Section IV(F) of the Code.
       
       
VI. Exceptions
   
  The Compliance Committee of the Companies reserves the right to decide, on a case-by-case basis, exceptions to any provisions under this Code. Any exceptions 
 
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  made hereunder will be maintained in writing by the Compliance Committee and presented to the Board of Directors of any relevant Fund Client at its next scheduled meeting.
       
VII. Preservation of Documents
       
  This Code, a copy of each report by a Covered Person, any written report made hereunder by the Companies or the Compliance Officer, lists of all persons required to make reports, a list of any exceptions, and the reasons therefore, with respect to Article II.B, and any records under Article II.G with respect to purchases pursuant to Article II.11 above, shall be preserved with the records of the relevant Company and any relevant Fund Client for the period required by Rule 17j-1.
   
  In accordance with the Investment Advisers Act, the following documents also will be preserved:
       
 
A.
Records of all violations of the Code and any action taken as a result of such violation;
       
 
B.
Records of all written acknowledgements of receipt of the Code for all Access Persons for a five-year period;
     
 
C.
A list of all staff members who are or have been Access Persons during the past five years; and
     
 
D.
Records of any decision and supporting reasons for approving the acquisition of securities by Access Persons in limited offerings.
       
       
VIII. Other Laws, Rules and Statements of Policy
   
  Nothing contained in this Code shall be interpreted as relieving any Covered Person from acting in accordance with the provision of any applicable law, rule or regulation or any other statement of policy or procedure governing the conduct of such person adopted by the Companies, the Affiliates or the Fund Clients.
   
IX. Further Information
   
  If any person has any question with regard to the applicability of the provisions of this Code generally or with regard to any Securities transaction or transactions, he /she should consult the Compliance Officer. 
 
Revised: November 5, 2010
INTERNAL USE ONLY

S-15

Levin Capital Strategies, L.P.
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 
As an investment adviser, Levin Capital Strategies, LP and its wholly owned subsidiaries (“LCS”, “we” or “our”) stands in a position of trust and confidence with respect to our clients. Accordingly we have a fiduciary duty to place the interests of the private funds and separate account clients that we manage (collectively “ Clients ”) before the interests of LCS and our Staff. In order to assist LCS and our Staff in meeting our obligations as a fiduciary, LCS has adopted this Code of Ethics (the “ Code ”) and LCS has separately adopted a Statement on Personal Trading (the “ Statement ”). 1   The Code incorporates the following general principles which all Staff members are expected to uphold:
 
 
§  
 
We must at all times place the interests of our Clients first;
 
§  
 
All personal securities transactions must be conducted in a manner consistent with the Code and the Statement, and avoid any actual or potential conflicts of interest or any abuse of a Staff member’s position of trust and responsibility. Detailed information about restrictions on personal trading is contained in the Statement;
 
 
§  
 
Staff personnel must not take any inappropriate advantage of their positions at LCS;
 
§  
 
Information concerning the identity of securities and financial circumstances of the Clients and their investors must be kept confidential; and
 
 
§  
 
Independence in the investment decision-making process must be maintained at all times.
LCS believes that these general principles not only help us fulfill our fiduciary obligations, but also protect LCS’s reputation and instill in our Staff LCS’s commitment to honesty, integrity and professionalism. Staff should understand that these general principles apply to all conduct, whether or not the conduct also is covered by more specific standards or procedures set forth below. Failure to comply with the Code may result in disciplinary action, including termination of employment.
 
A.            Persons Covered by the Code
 
The Code applies to LCS’s staff, which includes (i) all principals and employees of LCS; (ii) all other persons who occupy physical space at the offices of LCS and work on matters that relate to the Clients; and (iii) temporary workers, consultants, independent contractors, certain employees of affiliates or other persons designated by the Compliance Officer 2 as covered by the
_________________
1 This Code is intended to be read in conjunction with the Statement and together these two documents are adopted to meet our requirement under Advisers Act Rule 204A-1, which requires a registered investment adviser to establish, maintain and enforce a written code of ethics.
 
2 The Compliance Officer role will be filled by Raymond Ottusch, and in his absence, by Grace Bosserman.

 
1

 
 
Code (collectively, the “Staff”). For purposes of the Code, “ Staff ” includes all of LCS’s supervised persons.
 
B.            Compliance with Applicable Federal Securities Laws
 
In addition to the general principles of conduct stated in the Code and the specific trading restrictions and reporting requirements described below, the Code requires all Staff to comply with applicable federal securities laws. These laws include the Securities Act of 1933 (the “ Securities Act ”),   the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, all applicable laws regarding insider trading, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999 (privacy requirements and the protection of customer non-public personal information), any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to private investment funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the Securities and Exchange Commission or the Department of the Treasury.
 
C.            Personal Trading
  
LCS believes that personal trading by its Staff raises important fiduciary issues. Accordingly, and as noted above, LCS has separately adopted a Statement on Personal Trading (the “Statement”), which is incorporated by reference into this Code. The Statement contains information regarding pre-clearance and reporting requirements with respect to personal trading. All Staff are expected to read and understand the Statement. In addition, all Staff personnel are required to sign a written acknowledgement (in the form provided by LCS) evidencing the fact that each Staff member has received, reviewed, and understands the Code.
 
D.            Service on Boards of Directors and Other Outside Activities
 
A Staff member’s service on the board of directors of an outside company could lead to the potential for conflicts of interest and insider trading problems, and may otherwise interfere with the Staff member’s duties to LCS. Accordingly, Staff personnel are prohibited from serving on the boards of directors of any public companies. All Staff members must obtain prior written approval for any outside employment or other business affiliation including self-employment, ownership of or active participation in a business, fiduciary appointments, and other position for which the Staff member accepts compensation. Civic, charitable organizations, not for profit or non-profit organizations are not exempt from this requirement regardless if compensation is received. Volunteer work for non-profit organizations performing ministerial functions is not subject to this paragraph.
 
E.            Gifts and Entertainment
 
In order to address conflicts of interest that may arise when a Staff member accepts or gives a gift, favor, entertainment, special accommodation, or other items of value, and to meet applicable regulatory requirements, LCS places restrictions on gifts and entertainment. The following specific restrictions apply.
 
 
§  
 
Gifts .   No Staff member may receive any gift, service, or other item that exceeds in the aggregate $100 per year from or to any person or entity that does or seeks to do

 
B-2

 

   
business with or on behalf of LCS. Furthermore, Staff members should not accept gifts from any person in connection with LCS’s business if the acceptance of such gift would influence any material decision of such Staff member or otherwise cause the Staff member to feel obliged to do something in return for the gift.
 
 
§  
 
Entertainment.    No Staff member may accept extravagant or excessive entertainment to or from an investor, prospective investor, or any person or entity that does or seeks to do business with or on behalf of LCS. Staff may provide or accept a business entertainment event, such as a meal or a sporting event, of reasonable value, if the person or entity providing the entertainment is present and the entertainment is not so frequent nor extensive as to raise any question of propriety. Furthermore, Staff members should not accept entertainment from any person in connection with LCS’s business if the acceptance of such gift would influence any material decision of such Staff member or otherwise cause the Staff member to feel obliged to do something in return for the entertainment.”
 
 
§  
 
Cash.    No Staff member may accept cash gifts or cash equivalents (except gift certificates) to or from an investor, prospective investor, or any entity that does or seeks to do business with or on behalf of LCS.
 
 
§  
 
Gift Reports.    Upon the receipt of any gift, a Staff member must promptly report the gift to the Compliance Department, and must do so by sending an e-mail, or by other prompt available communication, which contains the following information with respect to the gift: (1) Staff member name; (2) whether the gift was received; (3) date of receipt; (4) gift description; (5) gift value or reasonable estimation to the extent known (if unknown, the Compliance department will make a fair and reasonable estimate); (6) name of sender; and (6) sender’s firm (if applicable).
 
 
§  
 
Entertainment Reports.    Prior to or immediately after attending or sponsoring any entertainment event (including events sponsored by third parties), a Staff member must promptly report the entertainment event to the Compliance Department, and must do so by sending an e-mail, or by other prompt available communication., which contains the following information with respect to the event: (1) Staff member name; whether the Staff member sponsored or attended the event, (3) date of the event; (4) description of the event; (5) sponsoring firm if other than LCS; and (6) attendees and their firm names.
 
 
§  
 
The Compliance Officer will review such gift and entertainment reports and may require the Staff member to return the gift or provide payment for a gift or entertainment if the Compliance Officer or President believes that such action is appropriate.
 
 
§  
 
Government Officials.   No gift or entertainment event of any value involving government officials or their families may be given or sponsored by LCS or any Staff member without the prior written approval of the Compliance Officer. Please refer to Section F – Municipal Contributions for additional information.

 
B-3

 

 
§  
 
Solicited Gifts.    No Staff member may use his or her position with LCS to obtain anything of value from a client, supplier, or person to whom the Staff member refers business, or any other entity with which LCS does business.
 
 
§  
 
Referrals.   Staff personnel may not make referrals to clients (e.g., of accountants, attorneys, or the like) if the Staff member expects to personally benefit in any way from the referral.
 
 
§  
 
Yearly Certification reporting.    Ninety (90) days after each calendar year, all LCS employees must certify they have reported all Gift and Entertainment occurrences. The certification report will include the gift received or event, date, employee name, individual and firm who provided the gift or entertainment, approximate value of gift.
 
Employee’s should always use good judgment in connection with receipt of gifts or entertainment. If in doubt about any types of gifts or entertainment, please consult the Compliance Officer in advance whenever possible.
 
F.            Municipal Contributions
  
This requirement applies to contributions made by the Firm, Persons Covered by the Code (See Section A above - Persons Covered by the Code), any Political Action Committee (“PAC”) controlled by the Firm, and anyone who solicits public investment advisory business relationships behalf of LCS including lawyers, placement agents, affiliated entities or individuals, consultants, or through any third party. LCS may not   be able to solicit or provide advisory services for two (2) years ( before and after the contribution )   to any governmental entity after LCS or firm personnel makes a political contribution, soliciting or coordinating contributions, payments to a political party of a State or local government, or to a public official of a governmental entity that is in a position to influence the award of advisory business. LCS is prohibited from paying third party entities to make political contributions and then solicit those government entities for our advisory services.
 
 
(a)
Prior to making any political contribution by the Firm or an affected employee, the proposed contribution must be cleared by both the Chief Compliance officer in consultation with the President of LCS.
 
 
(b)
The Firm and its employees are prohibited from soliciting others to make contributions to a public official or to their PAC.
 
 
(c)
The Firm will maintain internal records of affected employees and their contributions. The Chief Compliance Officer will be responsible for keeping track of such contributions.
 
2.  The following types of contributions made by the Firm or affected employees are subject to the Rule. Those excluded are also explained below.
 
 
(a)
“Contributions” include any gift, subscription, loan, advance, or deposit of money or anything of value made: (i) for the purpose of influencing any election for federal, state or local office; (ii) for payment or reduction of debt incurred in

 
B-4

 

   
connection with any such election; or (iii) for transition or inaugural expenses incurred by the successful candidate for state or local office. “State” includes any state of the United States, the District of Columbia, Puerto Rico, the Virgin Islands, or any other possession of the United States.
 
 
(b)
Contributions to a “public official” are subject to the rule. A “public official” is defined as any incumbent, candidate or successful candidate for elective office of any governmental body, which office is directly or indirectly responsible for, or can influence the outcome of, the hiring of a investment advisor for a municipal securities business. This includes any public official or candidate (or successful candidate) who has influence over the awarding of investment advisory business so that contributions to certain state-wide executive or legislative officials (including governors) would be included within the rule.
 
 
(c)
Indirect contributions by affected employees are also subject to the rule, including contributions to a local political party who is soliciting contributions to specifically support an issuer official.
 
 
(d)
Specifically excluded from this requirement are contributions by Persons Covered by the Code that do not exceed, in total, $350 to each official, per election, but only if the firm employees and individuals subject to this Code is entitled to vote for such official. This is defined “entitled to vote” to mean the employee’s principal residence is in the locality in which the issuer official seeks election. Otherwise, the contribution cannot exceed $150 to each official, per election.
 
 
(e)
The definition of “contribution” does not restrict the personal volunteer work of Persons Covered by the Code in political campaigns other than soliciting or coordinating contributions. However, if the resources of the Firm are used (a political position paper is prepared by Firm personnel, Firm supplies or facilities are used, etc.) or expenses are incurred by LCS’ s employees and/or individuals subject to this Code in the course of the volunteer work, the value of the resources or expenses would be considered a contribution and could trigger the restriction on business.
 
3.   Whose Contributions Are Affected. Covered contributions include those by the Firm, any PAC controlled by the Firm, Persons Covered by the Code and anyone who solicits public investment advisory business for LCS including lawyers, placement agents, affiliated entities or individuals, consultants, or through any third party.
 
Note that contributions made by affected individuals PRIOR TO joining the Firm or leaving LCS could affect the Firm’s ability to conduct business with issuers. New employees do not join with a clean slate; contributions by the new employee during the prior two (2) years are also considered. The Firm will require new employees to certify to it as to any political contributions made by such employees during the two (2) years prior to their employment. Copies of such certifications will be forwarded to the Compliance Officer.
 
4.   Approval. As also noted above, proposed political contributions to officials of issuers must be cleared by the Chief Compliance Officer in consultation with the President before   such proposed contributions are made to such officials. In addition, any political activities (e.g.,

 
B-5

 

volunteer work, etc.) on behalf of an official of an issuer must be cleared, in advance, by both the President and the Chief Compliance Officer prior to participation.
 
5.   Prohibitions. Neither the Firm nor any of its firm employees and individuals subject to this Code as defined herein may solicit others, including employees, family members. PACs, and any others outside the Firm, to make contributions to an official of an issuer with whom the Firm engages or is seeking to engage in municipal securities business, or to coordinate such contributions. The Firm and firm employees and individuals subject to this Code may not engage in fund-raising activities for officials of issuers.
 
6.   Records To Be Maintained By The Firm. The Firm will maintain information in its files identifying affected employees and the states in which it is engaged or is seeking to engage in investment advisory relationships; municipal issuers with whom the Firm is doing and has done business for the past two (2) years; consultants engaged to obtain business; and all contributions made to issuer officials including contributions of affected employees, the Firm, and any PAC controlled by the Firm. This does not include the minimal $150 contributions allowed under the Rule. This will be an internal record subject to scrutiny by regulatory authorities.
 
7.   Annual Report. All firm personnel must certify all political contributions as part of the code of ethics certification process.
 
G.            Reporting Violations
 
Every Staff member must immediately report any violation of the Code or the Statement to the Compliance Officer or, in the Compliance Officer’s absence, to Grace Bosserman. All reports will be treated confidentially and investigated promptly and appropriately. LCS will not retaliate against any Staff member who reports a violation of the Code or Statement in good faith and any retaliation constitutes a violation. The Compliance Officer will keep records of any violation of the Code or the Statement, and of any action taken as a result of the violation.
 
H.            Administration of the Code
 
The Compliance Officer will receive and review all reports submitted pursuant to the Code or the Statement. The Compliance Officer will review the reports to determine, for example, that any personal trades by the Staff are consistent with requirements and restrictions set forth in the Code and the Statement and do not otherwise indicate any improper trading activities. The Compliance Officer also will ensure that all books and records relating to the Code and the Statement are properly maintained. The books and records required to be maintained include the following:
 
 
§  
 
A copy of the Code and the Statement that is in effect, or at any time within the past five years was in effect;
 
 
§  
 
A record of any violation of the Code or the Statement, and of any action taken as a result of the violation;

 
B-6

 
 
§  
 
A record of all written acknowledgements of receipt, review and understanding of the Code and the Statement from each person who was subject to the Code and the Statement;
 
 
§  
A record of each report made by a Staff member, including any brokerage confirmations and brokerage account statements obtained from Staff;
 
 
§  
 
A record of the names of persons who are currently, or who were during the prior five years were subject to the Code and the Statement were, Staff members; and
 
 
§  
 
A record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition of any private placement.
 
These books and records must be maintained by LCS in an easily accessible place for at least five years from the end of the fiscal year during which the record was created, the first two years in an appropriate office of LCS.
 
Finally, LCS is required to include a description of our Code and our Statement in Part II of our Form ADV and, upon request, furnish a copy of the Code and the Statement to investors in the private funds we manage and to the separate account clients. The Compliance Officer will ensure that a proper description of our Code and our Statement is included in the Form ADV and will coordinate the distribution of our Code and our Statement to any investors or separate account clients who request a copy.
 
I.            Sanctions
 
Any violation of any provision of the Code or the Statement may result in disciplinary action. The President of LCS or CEO in consultation with the Compliance Officer and/or outside counsel will determine an appropriate sanction. Disciplinary action may include, among other sanctions, a letter of reprimand, disgorgement, suspension, demotion or termination of employment.
 
J.            Acknowledgment of Receipt and Compliance
 
LCS will provide each Staff member with a copy of the Code and any amendments hereto. Any questions regarding any provision of the Code or its application should be directed to the Compliance Officer. Each Staff member must provide LCS with a written acknowledgement (in the form provided by LCS) evidencing the fact that such Staff member has received and reviewed, and understands, the Code.
 
Adopted: March 8, 2011
 
B-7
MACKAY SHIELDS LLC
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 


 


All recipients of the Code should read it carefully, retain it for future reference and abide by its requirements.  Should you have a question as to your status under the Code, contact the Legal/Compliance Department immediately.
 

Amended and Restated January 4, 2011

 
 

 
 
Table of Contents
 
Statement of General Fiduciary Principles
 
General Statement
 
4
 
Principles and Standards of Business Conduct
 
4
 
Conflicts of Interest
 
5
 
Outside Corporate Board Membership
 
5
 
“Other” Outside Activities
 
5
 
Outside Activities Relating to the Company
 
6
 
Conflicts of Interest Questionnaire
 
6
 
Gifts and Entertainment
 
6
 
Insider Trading; Information Barrier
 
7
 
Confidentiality of Client Information
 
7
 
Excessive Trading
 
7
 
Standards of Conduct for Chartered Financial Analysts
 
8
       
Definitions
 
Access Person
 
8
 
Affiliate
 
8
 
Affiliated Fund
 
8
 
Automatic Investment Plan
 
8
 
Beneficial Ownership
 
8
 
Cashless Exercise
 
9
 
Chief Compliance Officer
 
9
 
Client
 
9
 
Code
 
9
 
Covered Security
 
9
 
Discretionary Managed Account
 
9
 
Dividend Reinvestment Plan
 
9
 
Employee
 
9
 
Employee Stock Option Plan
 
10
 
Employee Stock Purchase Plan (or ESPP)
 
10
 
Employment Date
 
10
 
Excepted Securities
 
10
 
Exchange Traded Fund (or ETF)
 
10
 
Federal Securities Laws
 
10
 
529 Plans
 
10
 
Front Running
 
10
 
Immediate Family
 
10
 
Initial Public Offering
 
11
 
Insider Trading
 
11
 
Investment Company Act
 
11
 
Investment Club
 
11
 
Legal/Compliance
 
11
 
Pending Buy or Sell Order
 
11
 
 
2

 
 
Private Placement
 
11
 
Registered Principal or Registered Representative
 
11
 
Related Policies
 
11
 
Restricted List
 
11
 
Scalping
 
11
 
Supervised Person
 
11
 
Watch List
 
12
       
Personal Investment Activities – Restrictions and Monitoring Procedures
 
Preclearance of Trades
 
12
 
Exceptions to Trade Preclearance Requirements
 
12
 
Restricted and Watch Lists
 
13
 
Front Running and Scalping
 
13
 
Maximum Trades and Trade Requests per Quarter
 
13
 
Trading/Black-Out Periods
 
13
 
Considerations and Exceptions to Trading/Black-Out Period
 
14
 
Use of Brokerage for Personal or Family Benefit
 
14
 
Initial Public Offerings
 
15
 
Private Placements
 
15
 
Short-Term Trading/Sixty Day Holding Period
 
15
 
Other Exceptions
 
15
 
Affiliated Fund Shares
 
16
 
Preclearance of Accounts
 
16
       
Recordkeeping and Reporting
 
Privacy Statement
 
17
 
Initial Holdings and Account Reports
 
17
 
Quarterly Transactions and Account Reports
 
18
 
Annual Reporting
 
18
 
Electronic Reporting and Certifications
 
18
 
Duplicate Confirmations
 
19
 
Reporting of Code Violations
 
19
 
Recordkeeping
 
19
       
Administration
 
Mutual Fund Code of Ethics
 
19
 
Sanctions
 
20
 
Monitoring and Review
 
20
 
Acknowledgement and Training
 
21
 
Exceptions
 
21
       
Exhibits

 
3

 

1.            Statement of General Fiduciary Principles and Standards of Business Conduct

1.1         General Statement

This Code of Ethics has been issued by MacKay Shields LLC (“MacKay” or the “Company”) in order to set forth guidelines and procedures that promote ethical practices and conduct by all Employees.  It is also intended to ensure that all Employees comply with Federal Securities Laws.  The Code provides each Employee with specific guidance concerning personal security investments and the responsibilities associated with that activity.

MacKay requires that all Employees observe the applicable standards of duty and care set forth herein.  An Employee may not evade the provisions of the Code by acting through another person, including a friend, relative or other, to act in a manner that is prohibited.

MacKay believes that mutual funds, including those we manage provide a broad range of investment options to meet employee investment needs. We encourage Employees to use these vehicles for their personal investments. We do not encourage active trading by our employees. We recognize, however, that individual needs differ and that there are other attractive investment opportunities. As a result, this Code is intended to give you and your family flexibility to invest, without jeopardizing relationships with our Clients.

MacKay is entrusted with the assets of our Clients for investment purposes. This fiduciary relationship requires our personnel to place the interests of our Clients before their own and to avoid even the appearance of a conflict of interest. Persons subject to this Code must adhere to this general overriding principle as well as comply with the Code’s specific provisions. This is how we earn and keep our Clients’ trust.

As a fundamental requirement, MacKay demands the highest standards of ethical conduct on the part of all its Employees.  All Employees must abide by this basic standard and never take inappropriate advantage of their position with the Company.

1.2           Principles and Standards of Business Conduct

The following general fiduciary standards and standards of business conduct shall govern personal investment activities and the interpretation and administration of this Code:
 
 
-
The interests of Clients must be placed first at all times;
 
 
-
All personal securities transactions must be conducted consistent with this Code and in such a manner as to avoid any actual or potential conflict of interest or any abuse of an individual’s position of trust and responsibility;
 
 
-
Employees should not take inappropriate advantage of their positions; and
 
 
-
Employees must comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws.

It shall be a violation of this Code and its procedures, for any Employee of the Company, in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of any security or other investment held

 
4

 

or to be acquired by any client including a registered investment company or other entity (collectively a “Client”):

 
-
to employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud any Client;
 
-
to make to the Client any untrue statement of a material fact,  or to omit to state to the Client a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
 
-
to engage in any act, practice or course of business that operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon the Client; or
 
-
to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to the Client.

It shall also be a violation of this Code and its procedures, for any Employee of the Company to engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities or any other investments, including, without limitation, price manipulation and the spreading, misuse or malicious use of false rumors.

This Code does not attempt to identify all possible conflicts of interest, and literal compliance with each of its specific provisions will not shield Employees from liability for personal trading or other conduct that violates a fiduciary duty to Clients.

1.3           Conflicts of Interest

As part of this ongoing responsibility, each Employee has the duty to disclose to MacKay any interest that he or she may have in any firm, corporation or business entity that is not affiliated or participating in any joint venture or partnership with MacKay or its Affiliates and that does business with MacKay or that otherwise presents a possible conflict of interest as described herein.  Disclosure should be timely so that MacKay may take action concerning any possible conflict, as it deems appropriate.  It is recognized, however, that MacKay has or may have business relationships with many organizations and that a relatively small interest in securities of an organization does not necessarily give rise to a prohibited conflict of interest.

1.4           Outside Corporate Board Membership

Except as described in Section 1.6 hereof, it is considered generally incompatible with the duties of an Employee of MacKay for that Employee to assume the position of director of a corporation not affiliated with the Company.  A request should be made by an Employee to the CCO and the Employee’s supervisor if the Employee seeks to accept any invitation to serve as a director of a corporation that is not an Affiliate and the person must receive the approval of his or her supervisor and the CCO, General Counsel or Deputy General Counsel prior to accepting any such directorship.  For Employees that are Registered Representatives, approval by MacKay’s designated Registered Principal and notification of NYLIFE Distributors LLC is also required. In the event that approval is given, the CCO shall immediately determine whether the corporation in question is to be placed on the Company’s Restricted List.


 
5

 

1.5           “Other” Outside Activities

Except as described in Section 1.6 herein, it is considered generally incompatible with the duties of an Employee of MacKay to act as an officer, director, general partner, consultant, agent, representative or employee of any other business or entity (including, without limitation, a non-profit, educational or religious institution), other than an Affiliate.  A request should be made by an Employee to the CCO and the Employee’s supervisor if the Employee seeks to accept any invitation to serve as an officer, director, general partner, consultant, agent, representative or employee of any business or entity that is not an Affiliate and the person must receive the approval of his or her supervisor and the CCO, General Counsel or Deputy General Counsel prior to accepting any such position.  For Employees that are Registered Representatives, approval by MacKay’s designated Registered Principal and notification of NYLIFE Distributors LLC is also required. In the event that approval is given, the CCO shall immediately determine whether the business in question is to be placed on the Company’s Restricted List.

1.6           Outside Activities Relating to the Company

Employees who, in the regular course of their duties relating to the Company’s investment activities, are asked to serve as the director, officer, general partner, consultant, agent, representative or employee of a company may do so with the prior written approval of their department head and the CCO.  Recognizing that such positions with public companies may interfere with the Company’s advisory activities, it is not expected that such positions will be assumed absent unusual circumstances that will benefit Clients.  In the event that such unusual circumstances are present, the department head and the CCO shall collectively decide whether the assumption of the position is in the best interest of the Company’s clients.

1.7           Conflicts of Interest Questionnaire

Initially and annually thereafter, a Questionnaire in substantially the form attached as Exhibit A hereto, shall be distributed to each Employee for completion and filing with the CCO or his or her designee.  Each Employee shall promptly supplement the annual questionnaire as necessary to reflect any material changes between annual filings.  In addition, on a quarterly basis, each employee shall file with the CCO or his or her designee the names and affiliations of Immediate Family members who either reside with, or are financially dependent upon, or whose investments are controlled by, the Employee, who are employed in the securities or commodities industries and who might be in a position to benefit directly or indirectly from the activities of MacKay personnel in the discharge of their duties. Such report shall be in the form of Exhibit B .

1.8           Gifts and Entertainment

Employees are subject to the MacKay Shields LLC Gift and Entertainment Policy and should refer to that Policy for guidance with respect to the limits on giving and receiving gifts or entertainment to or from third parties that do business with MacKay, its Affiliates, or its Clients.  Pursuant to the Gift & Entertainment Policy, employees may not engage in gift or entertainment activity that would be impermissible under the U.S. Foreign Corrupt Practices Act or any commercial bribery statutes or laws.  Employees who are Registered Representatives are also subject to limitations on

 
6

 

giving or receiving gifts that are imposed by the Rules of Conduct of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (FINRA). Employees are required to make current and quarterly reports under this Policy and annually, as part of their Code of Ethics certification, must acknowledge that they have read this Policy and have complied with its terms.

1.9           Insider Trading; Information Barrier

Employees may not trade on inside information (i.e., material non-public information 1 ) or communicate such information to others.  An Employee who believes that he or she is in possession of inside information should contact the General Counsel or CCO immediately.  In addition, employees are required to observe the restrictions on the communication of investment-related information within the New York Life enterprise. Please refer to the MacKay Shields LLC Insider Trading Policy and Procedures, the MacKay Shields LLC Information Barrier Policy and Procedures and MacKay’s Restricted List Policy and Watch List Policies and Procedures for specific guidelines governing inside information and information barriers.  Annually, as part of their Code of Ethics certification, all Employees must acknowledge that they have read these Policies and have complied with their terms.

1.10           Confidentiality of Client Information

MacKay has developed an Information Security and Privacy Policy, which is designed to: (1) ensure the security and confidentiality of Client records and information; (2) protect against any anticipated threats or hazards to the security or integrity of Client records and information; and (3) protect against unauthorized access to or use of Client records or information that could result in substantial harm or inconvenience to any Client.

It is MacKay’s policy to protect the confidentiality of holdings of mutual funds for which the Company serves as investment adviser or sub-advisor and to prevent the selective disclosure of non-public information concerning such mutual funds.  All portfolio information regarding such mutual funds is subject to the Policy on Selective Disclosure of Mutual Fund Portfolio Holdings.  Annually, as part of their Code of Ethics certification, all Employees must acknowledge that they have read this Policy and have complied with its terms. Please refer to the Policy for specific guidelines governing portfolio holdings information.

1.11           Excessive Trading

Employees are prohibited from short-term trading or excessive trading of Affiliated Funds, other than those that permit such trading, and must comply with any trading restrictions established by the Company to prevent market timing of these funds.  Please refer to Section 3.13 for specific guidelines governing Affiliated Funds.

_______________________  
1 Material information generally is that which a reasonable investor would consider significant in making an investment decision.   Nonpublic information is any information which has not been disclosed to the general public.  Information is considered public when it is widely disseminated; e.g., disclosure in the news media or company filings.
 

 
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1.12           Standards of Conduct for Chartered Financial Analysts

In addition to this Code, MacKay requires that its Employees who are chartered financial analysts comply with the provisions of the CFA Institute’s Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct applicable to chartered financial analysts.

2.            Definitions
 
“Access Person” - has the same meaning as set forth in Rule 17j-1 under the Investment Company Act and as set forth in Rule 204A-1 of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 and shall include any Supervised Person of MacKay who has access to non-public information regarding any Clients’ purchase or sale of securities, or information regarding the portfolio holdings of any Affiliated Fund, or who is involved in making securities recommendations to Clients, or who has access to such recommendations that are non-public.

“Affiliate” - any person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by or under common control with such other group.

“Affiliated Fund” - (i) any registered investment company and series of such company or portion thereof for which MacKay is the investment manager, investment adviser or sub-advisor; or (ii) any registered investment company whose investment adviser or principal underwriter controls MacKay, is controlled by MacKay or is under common control with MacKay. For purposes of this definition, “control” has the same meaning as it does in Section 2(a)(9) of the Investment Company Act.

“Automatic Investment Plan” - a program in which regular periodic purchases (or withdrawals) are made automatically in (or from) investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation.  An automatic investment plan includes dividend reinvestment plans (“DRIPs”) and Employee Stock Purchase Plans (“ESPPs”), but does not include a 401k plan.

“Beneficial Ownership” - shall be interpreted in the same manner as it would be under Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 in determining whether a person is the beneficial owner of a security for purposes of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations thereunder.  A beneficial owner is any person who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement, understanding, relationship or otherwise, has or shares a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in the securities.  A pecuniary interest in securities means the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from a transaction in those securities.  A person is presumed to have an indirect pecuniary interest in securities held by members of a person’s Immediate Family who either reside with, or are financially dependent upon, or whose investments are controlled by, that person.  A person also has a beneficial interest in securities held: (i) by a trust in which he or she is a Trustee, has a Beneficial Interest or is the settlor with a power to revoke; (ii) by another person and he or she has a contract or an understanding with such person that the securities held in that person’s name are for his or her benefit; (iii) in the form of a right to acquisition of such security through the exercise of warrants, options, rights, or conversion rights; (iv) by a partnership of which he or she is a member; (v) by a corporation that he or she uses as a

 
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personal trading medium; (vi) by a holding company that he or she controls; or (vii) by an Investment Club of which he or she is a member.

“Cashless Exercise” - transactions executed when exercising employee stock options. Essentially, the money is borrowed to exercise the option to purchase shares, the option is exercised and simultaneously the shares are sold to pay for the purchase, taxes, and broker commissions.

“Chief Compliance Officer” or “CCO” - the Company’s Chief Compliance Officer.

“Client” - any client of the Company, including a registered investment company (mutual fund) or other person or entity.

“Code” - this Code of Ethics.

“Covered Security” - any note, stock, treasury stock, security future, bond, municipal bond (including municipal auction rate securities (“ARS”) with short-term (e.g., 7 day) coupon resets and closed-end municipal auction rate “Preferred” shares), debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation on any profit-sharing agreement, collateral-trust certificate, preorganization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting-trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas, or other mineral rights, any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege on any security (including a certificate of deposit) or on any group or index of securities (including any interest therein or based on the value thereof), or any put, call, straddle, option, or privilege entered into on a national securities exchange relating to foreign currency, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a “security”, or any certificate of interest or participation in, temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase, any of the foregoing.

For these purposes, the purchase or sale of a Covered Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Covered Security.  A security held or to be acquired includes any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Covered Security.

“Discretionary Managed Account” - an account managed on a discretionary basis by a person other than such Employee over which an Employee certifies that he or she has no direct or indirect influence or control over the selection or disposition of securities and no prior knowledge of transactions therein; provided, however, that direct or indirect influence or control of such account is held by a person or entity not associated with MacKay or an Affiliate and not a relative of such Employee.

“Dividend Reinvestment Plan (or DRIP)” - a stock purchase plan offered by a corporation whereby shareholders purchase stock directly from the company (usually through a transfer agent) and are allowed to reinvest their cash dividends by purchasing additional shares or fractional shares.

“Employee” - any person employed by MacKay.  Temporary employees and outside consultants who in connection with their regular functions or duties obtain information regarding the purchase

 
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or sale of securities in portfolios managed by MacKay may be subject to this Code, as determined by Legal/Compliance.

“Employee Stock Option Plan” - contracts between a company and its employees that give employees the right to buy a specific number of the company’s shares at a fixed price within a certain period of time.

“Employee Stock Purchase Plan (or ESPP)” - an organized plan for employees to buy shares of their company’s stock.

“Employment Date” - the date on which the Employee commenced working for the Company.

“Excepted Securities” - securities not covered by this Code include the following:
 
direct obligations of the U.S. Government;
 
bankers’ acceptances;
 
bank certificates of deposit;
 
commercial paper;
 
high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;
 
shares issued by open-end mutual funds that are not Affiliated Funds; and
 
interests in 529 Plans.

“Exchange Traded Fund (or ETF)” –  represents shares of ownership in either fund, unit investment trust, or depository receipts that hold portfolios of common stocks that are included in a selected index, either broad market, sector or international.  ETFs trade throughout the day on an exchange.

“Federal Securities Laws” - the Securities Act of 1933, the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, Title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act, any rules adopted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) under any of these statutes, the Bank Secrecy Act as it applies to funds and investment advisers, and any rules adopted thereunder by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury.

“529 Plans” - qualified state college tuition programs.

“Front Running” - the buying or selling of a security by a person, with the intent of taking advantage of the market impact of a Client’s transaction in the underlying security by or on behalf of the Client.

“Immediate Family” - any of the following relatives sharing the same household as the Employee: child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships.  The term also includes any related or unrelated individual who resides with, or is financially dependent upon, or whose investments are controlled by, or whose financial support is materially contributed to by, the Employee, including “significant others.”

 
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“Initial Public Offering” - an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act of 1933, the issuer of which immediately before registration was not subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

“Insider Trading” - the purchase or sale of securities of a company while in possession of material, non-public information or communicating such information to others.

“Investment Company Act” - the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended.

“Investment Club” - a group of two or more people, each of whom contributes monies to an investment pool and participates in the investment making decision process and shares in the investment returns.

“Legal/Compliance” - MacKay’s Legal/Compliance Department

“Pending Buy or Sell Order” - both an order placed with a broker to buy or sell a security for a Client account and an internal decision by an Employee to buy or sell a security for his or her personal account over which he or she has a Beneficial Interest.

“Private Placement” - an offering that is exempt from registration under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, under Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or Rules 504, 505 or 506 thereunder.

“Registered Principal or Registered Representative” - an Employee who is registered as such with a member firm of the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, or FINRA.

“Related Policies” – Such policies as Legal/Compliance from time to time determines are related to the conduct standards of this Code, including but not limited to the following MacKay policies: Insider Trading Policy and Procedures; Information Barrier Policy and Procedures; Restricted List; Watch List; Gifts and Entertainment; Policy on Anti-Corruption in International Business Transactions; Employee Personal Political Contributions and Activities Policy and Procedures; Information Security and Privacy Policy; Policy on Selective Disclosure of  Mutual Fund Portfolio Holdings; and CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (with respect to Employees who are Chartered Financial Analysts).

“Restricted List” - a listing of securities maintained by Legal/Compliance in which trading by Employees is generally prohibited.

“Scalping” - buying and selling a security on the same day as a Client and includes, among other transactions, the buying of a security when a Client is selling that security, or selling a security when a Client is buying that security, with the intention of taking advantage of the market impact of the Client’s trades.

“Supervised Person” - any officer, director (or other person occupying a similar status or performing similar functions) and Employee, as well as any other persons who provide advice on behalf of MacKay and are subject to MacKay’s supervision and control; provided that any member of MacKay’s Board of Managers who is an employee of New York Life Insurance Company or

 
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New York Life Investment Management LLC shall not be considered a Supervised Person, as these individuals are subject to the requirements of their respective business entity’s Code of Ethics.

“Watch List” - a listing of securities maintained by Legal/Compliance in which trading by Employees is generally prohibited.

3.            Personal Investing Activities - Restrictions  and Monitoring Procedures

3.1        Preclearance of Trades

3.1.1       Generally

Preclearance of personal securities transactions allows MacKay to prevent certain trades that may conflict with Client trading activities.  To help prevent Front Running, Scalping, and other trading abuses and actual or potential conflicts of interest, no Employee of MacKay (or account in which an Employee has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest) may purchase or sell, directly or indirectly, Covered Securities without prior approval of Legal/Compliance (except pursuant to the exceptions in Section 3.2 below).

3.1.2
Requests for Preclearance of Trades

Each Employee shall submit a trade request between the hours of 9:00 and 1:00 PM using MacKay’s automated personal trading system (http://mscch/itrade/itrade.asp) before placing an order for any transaction in Covered Securities in any account in which the Employee has Beneficial Ownership.  The system allows Legal/Compliance to efficiently monitor personal trading activities and will be periodically tested.  The trade request shall be in substantially the form of Exhibit C .  Upon submitting a trade request through the automated personal trading system, employees will receive immediate notification whether the trade request was approved or denied by Legal/Compliance.

Any approval received is effective, unless revoked, only for the Day that the request was submitted and ultimately approved; provided, however, that in the case of foreign securities, the authorization is effective, unless revoked, for a period of twenty-four (24) hours. If the transaction is not executed on that same Day (or within such twenty-four (24) hour period), a new request must be filed and another authorization must be obtained.

3.2           Exceptions to Trade Preclearance Requirements

3.2.1
Preclearance is not required with respect to any of the following transactions:

 
in Discretionary Managed Accounts;
 
by employees of the New York Life Insurance Company or New York Life Investment Management LLC who are members of the Board of Managers of MacKay who do not have access to information about MacKay’s purchases and sales of securities;
 
that are non-volitional in nature: e.g. stock splits, stock dividends, exchanges and conversions, mandatory tenders, pro rata distributions to all holders of a class of securities,

 
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gifts, inheritances, and margin/maintenance calls (where the securities to be sold are not directed by the covered person);
 
automatic purchases under DRIPs, ESPPs or similar accounts;
 
transactions in ETFs representing shares of a market index and which consists of a minimum of 30 securities, commodity, currency and treasury ETF’s;
 
in securities that are Excepted Securities;
 
in shares of Affiliated Funds; or
 
in government-sponsored enterprises fixed income securities (FNMA, FHLMC).

3.2.2
In addition, authorization given for initial and subsequent purchases or sales of DRIPS or ESPP will not be subject to the one day authorization provision since transactions in these programs usually take place on a periodic pre-determined basis.

3.3           Restricted and Watch Lists

No Employee may acquire or dispose of any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in securities of an issuer listed on the Company’s Restricted List.  Although transactions in securities of an issuer listed on the Restricted List are generally prohibited, case-by-case exceptions may be granted by the General Counsel or CCO. Securities on the Watch List are dealt with on a case-by-case basis by the General Counsel or CCO.

3.4
Front Running and Scalping

Notwithstanding anything expressly stated in the Code, no Covered Securities may be purchased or sold by any Employee if such purchase or sale is effected with a view to making a profit from a change in the price of such security resulting from anticipated transactions by or for a Client.

3.5           Maximum Trades and Trade Requests per Quarter

An Employee may execute a maximum of fifty (50) trades per calendar quarter.  There is currently no maximum limitation on the number of trade requests that an Employee may submit per calendar quarter.  The Code grants the General Counsel or CCO the power to impose a further limitation on any Employee with respect to the number of trades or number of requests if it is believed to be in the best interest of the Company or its Clients.

3.6           Trading / Black-Out Periods
 
 
3.6.1
No Employee may acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Covered Security (other than an Excepted Security) that MacKay is purchasing or selling for any Client or proposes to purchase or sell for any Client where such transaction would in any way conflict with or be detrimental to (or appear to conflict with or be detrimental to) the interest of the Client;
 
 
3.6.2
No Employee may acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Covered Security (other than an Excepted Security) on a day when there is a Pending Buy or Sell Order in that security for a Client until such order is executed or withdrawn.

 
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3.6.3
No Employee may acquire or dispose of Beneficial Ownership in a Covered Security (other than an Excepted Security) if any purchase or sale of such security has been made for a Client account in the prior seven calendar days or can reasonably be anticipated for a Client account in the next seven calendar days.

3.7
Considerations and Exceptions to Trading/Blackout Period

3.7.1
In evaluating whether any purchase or sale of such securities can “reasonably be anticipated for a Client account in the next seven calendar days,” the following factors shall be considered:

 
Whether the Employee transacted in a type or specific security in which his or her product area has invested or may invest;
 
Whether there were changed circumstances involving the market, the type or the specific security or the Client’s account;
 
Whether the Employee was aware of any information concerning an actual or contemplated investment in that same security by MacKay for any Client account; and
 
Whether the Client account was managed by the Employee’s product area.

3.7.2  Exceptions may be granted to the blackout period set forth in paragraph 3.6.3 above in the event that the contemplated transaction involves:

 
500 shares or less in the aggregate and the issuer has market capitalization (outstanding shares multiplied by the current market price per share) greater than $5 billion;
 
the smaller of 500 shares or less in the aggregate or less than .001% of the issuer’s market capitalization, if the issuer has market capitalization (outstanding shares multiplied by the current market price per share) less than $5 billion; or
 
investment grade debt instruments of less than $100,000 par value.

3.8           Use of Brokerage for Personal or Family Benefit

No securities trades in which the Employee has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest may be effected through MacKay’s traders.  Employees must effect such trades through their personal broker-dealers.  In addition, no Employee may, for direct or indirect personal or a family member’s benefit, execute a trade with a broker-dealer by using the influence (implied or stated) of MacKay or any Employee’s influence (implied or stated) with MacKay.

 
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3.9           Initial Public Offerings

No Employee may directly or indirectly acquire Beneficial Ownership in any securities in an Initial Public Offering of securities except with the express written prior approval of the General Counsel or CCO.

3.10           Private Placements

No Employee may directly or indirectly acquire Beneficial Ownership in an offering of securities in a Private Placement except with the express written prior approval of the General Counsel or CCO.  Any Employee who has obtained prior approval and made an investment in a Private Placement must disclose that investment if that Employee plays a part in any subsequent consideration of an investment in the issuer on behalf of Client accounts.  Under such circumstances, MacKay’s decision to purchase securities of the Private Placement issuer will be subject to an independent review by investment personnel with no investment in the issuer.

3.11           Short-Term Trading/Sixty Day Holding Period

No Employee shall purchase and sell (or exchange), or sell and purchase (or exchange) the same (or equivalent) Covered Security within sixty (60) calendar days.  The 60-day holding period is measured from the time of the most recent trade of shares of the relevant Covered Security by the Employee.  Exceptions may be made in cases of death or disability, or under other special circumstances if approved in advance by the General Counsel or CCO.

Notwithstanding the above, an Employee who receives a grant of options through an Employee Stock Option Plan, who chooses to exercise those options in a Cashless Exercise, will be allowed an exception from the sixty-day holding period, so long as such transactions are pre-cleared as required under Section 3.1.

3.12           Other Exceptions

The restrictions with respect to: Section 3.3 Restricted List, Sections 3.6 Trading/Black-out Periods, and Section 3.11 Short-term trading do not apply to the following transactions:

 
in Discretionary Managed Accounts;
 
by employees of New York Life Insurance Company or New York Life Investment Management LLC who are members of the Board of Managers of MacKay, who do not have access to information about MacKay’s purchases and sales of securities;
 
that are non-volitional in nature: e.g. stock splits, stock dividends, exchanges and conversions, mandatory tenders, pro-rata distributions to all holders of a class of securities, gifts, inheritances, and margin/maintenance calls (where the securities to be sold are not directed by the covered person);
 
automatic purchases under DRIPs, ESPPs or similar accounts;
 
any transactions in ETFs representing shares of a market index and which consists of a minimum of 30 securities, commodity, currency and treasury ETF’s;
 
in securities that are Excepted Securities;

 
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purchases or sales with respect to Affiliated Fund shares of a taxable or tax-exempt money market fund;
 
futures and forward contracts on direct obligations of the government of the United States, a market index consisting of a minimum of 30 securities, commodity and currency
 
sales that are part of an automatic withdrawal plan or program, including loans, withdrawals and distributions from 401(k) plans or programs;
 
in government-sponsored enterprises fixed income securities (FNMA, FHLMC); or
 
in municipal auction rate securities (“ARS”) with short-term coupon resets (e.g. 7 day) and closed-end municipal auction rate “Preferred” shares.

3.13           Affiliated Fund Shares

The following provisions apply to all Affiliated Fund Shares held by an Employee, including, but not limited to, shares owned through a 401(k) plan or similar account, or through a variable insurance product.

No Employee shall purchase and sell (or exchange), or sell and purchase (or exchange), shares of the same Affiliated Fund of which such Employee has a Beneficial Ownership interest within sixty (60) days.  The 60-day holding period is measured from the time of the most recent trade of shares of the relevant Affiliated Fund by the Employee.  Waivers of this requirement may be granted in cases of death or disability, or under other special circumstances by the General Counsel or CCO.

None of the above-specified restrictions on short-term trading in Affiliated Fund shares shall apply to the following transactions:
 

 
Purchases or sales effected in any account over which the Employee has no direct or indirect influence or control (for example, blind trusts or Discretionary Managed Accounts);
 
Purchases or sales that are non-volitional on the part of the Employee;
 
Purchases that are effected as part of an automatic DRIP, an automatic investment plan, a payroll deduction plan or program (including, but not limited to, automatic payroll deduction plans or programs and 401(k) plans or programs (both employee initiated and/or employer matching)), an ESPP, or other automatic stock purchase plans or programs;
 
Sales that are part of an automatic withdrawal plan or program, including loans, withdrawals and distributions from 401(k) plans or programs; or
 
Purchases or sales with respect to Affiliated Fund Shares of a taxable or tax-exempt money market fund.
 
 
3.14           Preclearance of Accounts

No Employee may open an account with any broker, dealer or bank that will hold Covered Securities of which the Employee has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest without the prior written approval of Legal/Compliance.  Requests to open such accounts shall be made in substantially the form of Exhibit D .

 
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With respect to any accounts holding Covered Securities in which an Employee has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest, each Employee who is a Supervised Person may only use a broker, dealer or bank (the last only with respect to bank accounts used substantially as brokerage accounts) that complies with the electronic transmission requirements set forth in Section 4.6, below.

4.            Recordkeeping and Reporting Requirements

4.1           Privacy Statement

MacKay recognizes the sensitivity and personal nature of information collected under the Code, and the interests of Employees in maintaining their privacy regarding this information.  MacKay’s Legal/Compliance personnel will take all necessary steps designed to ensure that all reports disclosing personal securities holdings, requests for preclearance of transactions and other information filed by Employees under the Code will be treated as confidential, subject only to the review by Legal/Compliance and the Compliance Committee provided in the Code or forms thereunder and review by the SEC and other regulators and to the extent necessary to provide required reports to clients and their representatives.

4.2           Initial Holdings and Account Reports

At the time of becoming an Employee, but in no case later than 10 days from the Employment Date, every new Employee shall submit to Legal/Compliance, a report in substantially the form of Exhibit E , disclosing every Covered Security and Affiliated Fund in which that Employee has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest as of the Employment Date.  The holdings information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the Employment Date.

At the same time, new Employees must also disclose all broker, dealer or bank accounts in which any securities (whether or not they are Covered Securities or Affiliated Fund Shares) as to which the Employee has any Beneficial Ownership interest are held, in a report in substantially the form of Exhibit F .  Such accounts include Discretionary Managed Accounts (e.g., wrap accounts), in which case the Employee must certify, in a report substantially in the form of Exhibit G , that he or she has no direct or indirect influence or control over the selection or disposition of securities and no prior knowledge of transactions therein.  Within 30 days of their Employment Date, new Employees are required to  move such accounts holding Covered Securities to a broker, dealer or bank (the last only with respect to bank accounts used substantially as brokerage accounts) that complies with the electronic transmission requirements set forth in Section 4.6, below.

Additionally, each new Employee shall file a report in substantially the form of Exhibit H , indicating that the Employee has received, read, understood and will comply with the Code and the Related Policies.

 
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4.3           Quarterly Transactions and Account Reports

Every Employee shall file with Legal/Compliance a report within 30 calendar days following the end of each calendar quarter reflecting all transactions in any Covered Security and Affiliated Fund 2 in which an Employee has, or by reason of such transaction acquires or disposes of, any Beneficial Ownership interest, or, alternatively, must confirm that there were no such transactions in the applicable calendar quarter.  Such report shall be in substantially the form of Exhibit I .

At the same time, Employees must also disclose all broker, dealer or bank accounts in which any securities (whether or not they are Covered Securities or Affiliated Fund Shares) as to which the Employee has any Beneficial Ownership interest are held, in a report in substantially the form of Exhibit F .  Such accounts include Discretionary Managed Accounts (e.g., wrap accounts), in which case the Employee must certify, in a report substantially in the form of Exhibit G , that he or she has no direct or indirect influence or control over the selection or disposition of securities and no prior knowledge of transactions therein.

4.4           Annual Reporting

At the end of each calendar year, but in no case later than January 30 th of the following year, every Employee shall submit to Legal/Compliance, a report disclosing every Covered Security and Affiliated Fund in which that Employee has a direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership interest as of year-end. The report shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit E . Employees must also disclose all broker, dealer or bank accounts in which any securities (whether or not they are Covered Securities or Affiliated Fund Shares) as to which the Employee has any Beneficial Ownership interest are held.  The report shall be substantially in the form of Exhibit F . In the event such accounts include Discretionary Managed Accounts, the Employee shall also include a certification substantially in the form of Exhibit G .

In addition, each Employee shall file annually substantially in the form of Exhibit J a certification indicating that the Employee has received, read, understood and complied with the Code and the Related Policies.

4.5
Electronic Reporting and Certifications

With advance notice from Legal/Compliance, reports and certifications required to be filed by an Employee shall be made between the hours of 9:00 and 1:00 PM using MacKay’s automated personal trading system (http://mscch/itrade/itrade.asp).  In the event that such automated system is unavailable, Employees will be advised to use the paper forms of reports as provided as Exhibits to this Code.

_______________________  
    2
  Legal/Compliance receives information on transactions in certain Affiliated Fund Shares held through the Company’s 401(k) plan directly from the Company’s 401(k) plan administrators.  Therefore, reporting relating to these transactions need not be provided directly from the Employee.
 

 
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4.6           Duplicate Confirmations

Each Employee shall provide Legal/Compliance with sufficient information in Exhibit F so that Legal/Compliance can arrange for prompt filing by the broker, dealer and bank (where the bank account is used substantially as a brokerage account) with the CCO of duplicate confirmations of all trades of Covered Securities and quarterly account statements.  The duplicates shall be mailed to MacKay at the applicable address listed in Exhibit K hereto.

With respect to any accounts holding Covered Securities as to which the Employee has any Beneficial Ownership interest, each Supervised Person may only use a broker, dealer or bank (the last only with respect to bank accounts used substantially as brokerage accounts) that will electronically transmit duplicate monthly statements and trade confirmations to MacKay’s automated personal trading system.  This requirement does not apply to:

 
Discretionary Managed Accounts
 
401k accounts
 
DRIPs
 
ESPPs

4.7           Reporting of Code Violations

Each Employee shall promptly notify the General Counsel or CCO of any violation of the Code.

4.8           Recordkeeping

MacKay is required under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, and the Investment Company Act to keep records of certain transactions in which its Employees have direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership.

Legal/Compliance must maintain all records relating to compliance with the Code, such as preclearance requests, exception reports, other internal memoranda relating to non-compliant transactions, and preclearance records, records of violations and any actions taken as a result thereof, written acknowledgements, and the names of Employees for a minimum period of five years.  Acknowledgements of the Code will be maintained for five years after the individual ceases to be an Employee.

5.            Administration

5.1           Mutual Fund Codes of Ethics
 
Certain Employees may owe a specific duty of care to each mutual fund Client based on the Employee’s status as an Access Person of that mutual fund.  It has been determined that each Employee’s compliance with the Company’s Code will also satisfy the requirements of Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act as well as any mutual fund that the Company currently advises or sub-advises.

 
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5.2           Sanctions

Upon discovering a violation of the Code, MacKay shall take whatever remedial steps it deems necessary and available to correct an actual or apparent conflict.  Following those corrective efforts, the CCO, in consultation with the General Counsel, may impose sanctions if, based upon all of the facts and circumstances considered, such action is deemed appropriate.  The magnitude of these penalties varies with the severity of the violation, although repeat offenders will likely be subjected to harsher punishment. These sanctions may include, among others, oral or written admonishments, trade reversals, disgorgement of profits, monetary fines, suspension or termination of personal trading privileges, adverse employment action, adverse compensation action and employment suspension or termination.  It is important to note that violations of the Code may occur without employee fault (e.g., despite preclearance).  In those cases, punitive action may not be warranted, although remedial steps may still be necessary.

Factors to be considered during any review of circumstances underlying a violation may include but are not limited to:
 
Whether the act or omission was intentional or volitional;
 
Whether mitigating or aggravating factors existed;
 
The person’s history of prior violations of Company policy;
 
The person’s cooperation, acknowledgement of transgression and demonstrable remorse;
 
The person’s position and responsibilities within the Company;
 
Whether the employee is deemed to be an Access Person, Advisory Person or Investment Personnel of a mutual fund as defined by Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act;
 
Whether the person transacted in the same security in which his/her product area has invested or could invest;
 
Whether the person was aware of any information concerning an actual or contemplated investment in that same security for any Client account;
 
Whether the Client account was managed by the Employee’s product area; and
 
Whether the price at which the personal securities transaction was effected was more advantageous than the price at which the client transaction in question was effected.
 
5.3           Monitoring and Review

Legal/Compliance, using automated systems and other methods, conducts reviews of all personal securities transactions and holdings reports with a view towards determining whether Employees have complied with all provisions of the Code.  Legal/Compliance is responsible for developing and maintaining more detailed standard operating procedures around daily monitoring to detect and prevent violations of this Code.

The General Counsel or CCO will undertake a quarterly review with respect to the Code to verify that the Code is being followed.  The results of this review will be set forth in a quarterly summary

 
20

 

report to MacKay’s Compliance Committee.  The report shall specify any related concerns and recommendations and be accompanied by appropriate exhibits.

5.4           Acknowledgment and Training

Each Employee must certify at the time of becoming an Employee and annually thereafter, in substantially the form of Exhibit H and Exhibit J , as applicable, that he or she has read and understood, is subject to and has complied with the Code and the Related Policies.  Each Employee must attend a Code of Ethics training session conducted by Legal/Compliance within a reasonable time period upon becoming an Employee.  Legal/Compliance is available to all Employees at all times for questions as to the application of this Code.

5.5           Exceptions

The General Counsel or CCO may grant written exceptions to provisions of the Code in circumstances that present special hardship or special situations determined not to present potential harm to Clients or conflict with the spirit and intent of the Code.  The exceptions may be granted to individuals or classes of individuals with respect to particular transactions, classes of transactions or all transactions.  Exceptions shall be structured to be as narrow as is reasonably practicable with appropriate safeguards designed to prevent abuse of the exception.


 
21

 

Exhibits
 
Exhibit A
Conflicts of Interest Questionnaire
   
Exhibit B
Conflicts of Interest Quarterly Certification
   
Exhibit C
Personal Securities Trading Preclearance Request Form
   
Exhibit D
Account Preclearance Request Form
   
Exhibit E
Employee Initial/Annual Securities Holdings Report and Certification
   
Exhibit F
Brokerage Account Certification Form
   
Exhibit G
Discretionary Managed Account Certification
   
Exhibit H
Acknowledgement of Receipt of the Code of Ethics and Related Policies
   
Exhibit I
Quarterly Transactions Report
   
Exhibit J
Annual Certification of Compliance With the Code of Ethics and Related Policies
   
Exhibit K
Address for Duplicate Confirmations and Statements

 

 
22

 

Exhibit A

Conflicts of Interest Questionnaire


NAME:____________________________

TITLE:_____________________________



1.
Please list any officership, directorship, trusteeship or material employment that you (or any member of your Immediate Family, 3 hold in any corporations, associations, charitable or religious organizations, schools, partnerships or companies (including, without limitation, any publicly traded companies) or in any affiliates of MacKay Shields LLC (the “ Company”).  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


2.
(a)   Please list any material financial interest (that is, to your knowledge an ownership interest equal to or greater than 1% of such entity or 10% of your (or your Immediate Family member’s) total net worth (hereinafter referred to as a “Material Interest”) you (or any such Immediate Family member) may have in any business unit which you know is a supplier of or soliciting orders for sales or services to the Company or its affiliates.  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


(b)   Please list any Material Interest you (or member of your Immediate Family) may have in any business unit which you know is doing business with the Company or its affiliates, other than suppliers referred to above.  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


3.
Please list any Material Interest you (or member of your Immediate Family) may have in any corporations, associations, partnerships or companies.  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


4.
Please list the names (not amount of the holdings) of any corporations, associations, partnerships or companies in which you (or any member of your Immediate Family) have

_______________________    
      3
For the purposes of this Questionnaire, “Immediate Family” means any of the following relatives: child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, including adoptive relationships.  The term also includes: (i) any member of your household; (ii) any unrelated individual whose investments are controlled and whose financial support is materially contributed to by you; and (iii) “significant others”.
 

 
23

 

a Material Interest and in which, to your knowledge, the Company or its affiliates or clients has an investment.  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


5.
Please list the names of any corporations, associations, partnerships, companies or business units in the following categories in which you (or any member of your Immediate Family) may have a Material Interest.  (The amount of holding or the number of shares of stock need not be listed.)  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.


(a)   Any investment advisor, investment banking firm, brokerage firm or other business unit other than affiliates.  (Do not include brokerage or similar accounts or investments in mutual funds.)


 
(b)   Any company in which to your knowledge the Company or a client or an affiliate has an investment.


(c)   Any company, other than affiliates, whose principal business is the issuance and sale of life insurance, annuities or accident and health insurance policies, or the provision of financial or health services or products (including any life insurance or health insurance agency, brokerage or insurance consultant firm).  Do not include interests in policies, annuities or health insurance contracts.


(d)  Any mortgage loan correspondent of any affiliate or any other concern engaged primarily in the business of buying, selling or servicing real estate mortgages. (Do not include mortgages upon property owned by you, or personal investments in real estate investment trusts.)


6.
Please list (i) the names of any business firms in which you (or a member of your Immediate Family) have a Material Interest and which have property which to your knowledge is subject, in whole or in part, to a real estate mortgage held by the Company, its affiliates or the Company’s employees, officers or members of its board of directors and (ii) any of your (or your dependent relative’s) financial liabilities, including with respect to real estate to the Company, its affiliates or the Company’s employees, officers or members of its board of directors.  If you do not have any, please insert NONE below.


7.
Please list or summarize any financial interest you (or any member of your Immediate Family), have which, in your opinion, affects or might appear to affect adversely the discharge of your duties and responsibilities to the Company.  If you do not have any, please insert “NONE” below.

 
24

 
 
8.
Please list the names of any member of your Immediate Family who are employed or affiliated with a broker-dealer firm, including a description of their position and the name of the broker-dealer, and whether the individual of her/her department provides any services to the Company.  In addition, please indicate whether the individual is a “registered representative” of such broker-dealer.


9.
The undersigned has complied with and will comply with the “Employee Personal Political Contributions and Activities Policy and Procedures” and has obtained the requisite pre-clearance before making any political contribution in a covered jurisdiction and has disclosed or reported all information required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the Policy.

10.
Have you, directly or indirectly, ever been involved in any of the following:

 
a.
Civil or criminal action or administrative proceeding charging a violation of a federal or state securities law or regulation?
 
b.
Any other criminal action or investigation?
 
c.
A formal administrative or regulatory action by any regulatory agency or self-regulatory organization?
 
d.
Any bankruptcy, receivership or insolvency action or proceeding (or been subject to any such action or proceeding)?

If a material change occurs in any matters reported in this Questionnaire or new circumstances are discovered   evidencing any conflict of interests or other deviations from the Company’s Code of Ethics, the undersigned hereby undertakes promptly to file with the General Counsel an appropriate amendment or supplement to this Questionnaire until it is superseded by the next completed Annual Questionnaire.



Date:
_________________________
 
________________________________
     
(Signature)
       
     
________________________________
     
(Name)
       
     
________________________________
     
(Title)

If any of the spaces allocated above are insufficient, please attach a complete list following this signature page.


 
25

 

Exhibit B
 
Conflicts of Interest Quarterly Certification

In connection with any purchases or sales of securities for clients during the quarter, I disclosed to MacKay Shields LLC any material interests in my personal securities which might reasonably have been expected to involve a conflict with the interests of clients.

The names and affiliations of my Immediate Family who either reside with, or are financially dependent upon, or whose investments are controlled by me and who are employed in the securities or commodities industries and who might be in a position to benefit directly or indirectly from the activities or knowledge of MacKay Shields’ personnel in the discharge of their duties are as follows:


Names
Affiliations
   
   
   
   

Date:_______________________________________
 
Signature:_______________________________                                               


 
26

 

Exhibit C

Personal Securities Trading Preclearance Request Form

NAME: __________________________________ 

 

·
Trades must be made on the same day that approval is received.
·
On small cap or illiquid securities where extra time is needed, advance approval by the General Counsel or Chief Compliance Officer is required.

NOTES
BROKERAGE ACCOUNT
SECURITY TYPE
 
NAME OF SECURITY
# OF SHRS, PRINCIPAL
AMOUNT, ETC.
 
APPROX PRICE
SYMBOL OR
CUSIP #
PURCHASE (P)
SALE (S)
N
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 
                 

The person indicated above has stated and represents that:
 
a)
he/she has no insider information relating to the above referenced issuer(s);

 
b)
there is no conflict of interest in these transactions with respect to client portfolios (IF A CONFLICT OF INTEREST EXIST, PLEASE CONTACT THE LEGAL/COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT IMMEDIATELY.); and these securities are not initial public offerings or private placements.

 
27

 
Exhibit D
 
Account Preclearance Request Form

NAME:
____________________________
 
General Counsel/Chief Compliance Officer:
 
Initials:
____________________________
 
APPROVED
o
________________________
 
DISAPPROVED
o
________________________
 
Broker, Dealer or Bank:
 
 
Name of Firm:
 
_________________________________
     
 
Address:
 
_________________________________
     
    Name on Account:  
_________________________________
     
 
Relationship to Employee:
 
_________________________________
     


 
28

 

Exhibit E

Employee Initial/Annual Securities Holdings Report and Certification

As of Date:  _/_/20__
Employee Last Name, First (Telephone Ext.)
 
Ticker
Security Type Code
Cusip
Security Name
Quantity
         
         
         
         
 

Brokerage Account:
Employee First and Last Name
Account Number:  (                 )
     
     
     
     


I certify that the Reportable Securities listed above (including “Reportable Funds”, that is mutual funds advised by MacKay Shields or an affiliate) are the only such securities in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest.
 

       
 
Signature
 
Date
 
 
 
29

 

Exhibit F

Brokerage Account Certification Statement


Employee Last Name, First (Telephone Ext.)
 
Account Number
Account Name
Broker Name
Initiated Date
       
       
       
       

I certify that the above reflects all accounts (including brokerage accounts and bank accounts used substantially as brokerage accounts) that have been opened or closed with respect to Reportable Securities in which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest (note that this includes the account name and number of discretionary accounts, 529 plans, 401(k) accounts, Mutual Fund accounts, automatic investment plans and dividend reinvestment plans).






       
 
Signature
 
Date


 
30

 

Exhibit G

Discretionary Managed Accounts Certification





I hereby certify that during the reporting period I have had no influence or control over any investment decisions made in my discretionary managed account(s) and that the account is solely managed by a Registered Investment Adviser (“RIA”) or employee of a RIA.


   
 
Signature
   
   
   
 
Name
   
   
   
 
Position


 
 
Date
 
   
   
   
Account Name
 
   
   
   
Account Number
 


 
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Exhibit H


Acknowledgement of Receipt of the Code of Ethics and Related Policies

The undersigned hereby certifies that:

(i)           The undersigned has received and reviewed a copy of MacKay Shields LLC Code of Ethics and the Related Policies, which Related Policies currently include the following:
 
Gifts and Entertainment;
 
Information Barrier Policy and Procedures;
 
Information Security and Privacy Policy;
 
Insider Trading Policy and Procedures;
 
Policy on Anti-Corruption in International Business Transactions;
 
Employee Personal Political Contributions and Activities Policy and Procedures;
 
Policy on Selective Disclosure of Mutual Fund Portfolio Holdings;
 
Restricted List;
 
Watch List;
 
CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (with respect to Employees who are Chartered Financial Analysts)

(ii)           The undersigned understands the requirements contained therein and recognizes that the undersigned is subject to the Code of Ethics and Related Policies; and

(ii)           The undersigned has complied with and will comply with the Code of Ethics and Related Policies and has disclosed or reported all information required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the Code of Ethics and the Related Policies.

(iii)           The undersigned authorizes MacKay to furnish the information contained in any report filed by the individual to such federal and state agencies and to the Trustees/Directors of any mutual fund to which MacKay is the investment manager, investment adviser or sub-adviser and to clients and their representatives and as may be required or requested by law or applicable rules and regulations, on the understanding that, except for the foregoing and such requirements, the information contained in such reports shall be treated as confidential and disclosed to no one outside of MacKay without the consent of the individual submitting the report.


   
 
Signature
   
   
 
Print Name
   
   
 
Date


 
32

 

Exhibit I

Quarterly Transactions Report

Employee Last Name, First (Telephone Ext.)
 
Trans. Type
Ticker
Security Name
Trade Date
Quantity
Price
           
           
           
           

Account Number: _______________________                                                     
Broker:____________________________________                                                     
   
   
   
   
   

I certify that the above represents all transactions in Reportable Securities of which I have a direct or indirect Beneficial Interest except for transactions in Reportable Funds sponsored by an affiliate of New York Life Insurance Company and held in MacKay Shields’ 401(k) plan.
 
*Reportable Securities are almost every type of investment, including private placements and hedge funds.  However, Reportable Securities do not include direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bank CDs and mutual funds not affiliated with MacKay Shields – see definition in the Personal Investment Policy for the complete description.  Note also that no information need be provided for securities held in an account over which you have no direct or indirect influence or control.  Some examples include discretionary management accounts, automatic investment plans and dividend investment plans and dividend reinvestment plans.




       
 
Signature
 
Date


 
33

 

Exhibit J
 
Annual Certification of   Compliance with the Code of Ethics and Related Policies



I hereby certify that I have received and reviewed a copy of the MacKay Shields LLC Code of Ethics and the Related Policies, which Related Policies currently include the following:
 
 
Gifts and Entertainment;
 
Information Barrier Policy and Procedures;
 
Information Security and Privacy Policy;
 
Insider Trading Policy and Procedures;
 
Policy on Anti-Corruption in International Business Transactions;
 
Employee Personal Political Contributions and Activities Policy and Procedures;
 
Policy on Selective Disclosure of Mutual Fund Portfolio Holdings;
 
Restricted List;
 
Watch List;
 
CFA Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct (with respect to Employees who are Chartered Financial Analysts).

I further certify that I am subject to the Code of Ethics and the Related Policies and have complied with all the requirements set forth therein.


   
 
Signature
   
   
 
Print Name
   
   
 
Date

 
34

 

Exhibit K


Address For Duplicate Confirmations and Statements

Chief Compliance Officer
MacKay Shields LLC
9 West 57 th Street
New York, NY  10019
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

 
 
 
35
CODE OF ETHICS
 
Effective July 2011
 
This Code of Ethics (“Code”) is adopted in compliance with the requirements of U.S. securities laws applicable to registered investment advisers. Registered investment advisers are required by Rule 204A-1 under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (“Advisers Act”), to adopt a code of ethics which, among other things, sets forth the standards of business conduct required of their supervised persons and requires those supervised persons to comply with the federal securities laws.
 
Standards of Business Conduct
 
Sound Point seeks to foster a reputation for integrity and professionalism. That reputation is a vital business asset. The confidence and trust placed in us by our clients is something we value and endeavor to protect. To further that goal, we have adopted this Code and implemented policies and procedures to prevent fraudulent, deceptive and manipulative practices and to ensure compliance with the Federal Securities Laws and the fiduciary duties owed to our clients.
 
We are fiduciaries and as such, we have affirmative duties of care, honesty, loyalty and good faith to act in the best interests of our clients. Our clients’ interests are paramount and come before our personal interests. Our Access Persons and Supervised Persons, as those terms are defined in this Code, are also expected to behave as fiduciaries with respect to our clients. This means that each must render disinterested advice, protect client assets (including nonpublic information about a client or a client account) and act always in the best interest of our clients. We must also strive to identify and avoid conflicts of interest, however such conflicts may arise.
 
Access Persons and Supervised Persons of Sound Point must not:
 
 
employ any device, scheme or artifice to defraud a client;
 
 
make to a client any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state to a client a material fact necessary in order to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which they are made, not misleading;
 
 
engage in any act, practice, or course of business which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon a client;
 
 
engage in any manipulative practice with respect to a client;
 
 
use their positions, or any investment opportunities presented by virtue of their positions, to personal advantage or to the detriment of a client; or
 
 
conduct personal trading activities in contravention of this Code or applicable legal principles or in such a manner as may be inconsistent with the duties owed to clients as a fiduciary.
 
To ensure compliance with these restrictions and the Federal Securities Laws, as defined in this Code, we have adopted, and agreed to be governed by, the provisions of this Code. However, Access Persons and Supervised Persons are expected to comply not merely with the “letter of the law,” but also with the spirit of the law, this Code, and Sound Point’s Investment Adviser Policies and Procedures Manual.
 
Should you have any doubt as to whether this Code applies to you, you should contact Kevin Gerlitz, the Chief Compliance Officer of Sound Point (“CCO”).
 
1.           Definitions
 
As used in the Code, the following terms have the following meanings:
 

 
49

 


 
 
1.1.
Access Persons include (i) any Supervised Person of Sound Point who (a) has access to nonpublic information regarding any client’s purchase or sale of securities; or (b) is involved in making securities recommendations to clients or has access to such recommendations that are nonpublic and (ii) any other person who the CCO determines to be an Access Person.
 
 
The CCO will inform all Access Persons of their status as such and will maintain a list of Access Persons on Appendix A.
 
 
1.2.
Beneficial Ownership generally means having a direct or indirect pecuniary interest in a security and is legally defined to be beneficial ownership as used in Rule 16a-1(a)(2) under Section 16 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (“Exchange Act”). However, transactions or holdings reports required by Section 5 of this Code may contain a statement that the report will not be construed as an admission that the person making the report has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership in the security or securities to which the report relates.
 
 
1.3.
Federal Securities Laws means: (i) the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“Securities Act”);(ii) Exchange Act; (iii) the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002; (iv) the 1940 Act, (v) the Advisers Act; (vi) title V of the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act; (vii) any rules adopted by the SEC under the foregoing statutes; (viii) the Bank Secrecy Act, as it applies to funds and investment advisers; and (ix) any rules adopted under relevant provisions of the Bank Secrecy Act by the SEC or the Department of the Treasury.
 
 
1.4.
Initial Public Offering (“IPO”) means an offering of securities registered under the Securities Act, the issuer of which, immediately before the registration, was not subject to the reporting requirements of Exchange Act Sections 13 or 15(d).
 
 
1.5.
Limited Offering means an offering that is exempt from registration under Securities Act Sections 4(2) or 4(6), or pursuant to Securities Act Rules 504, 505 or 506. Limited Offerings include, without limitation, offerings of securities issued by the private funds advised by Sound Point.
 
 
1.6.
Purchase or Sale of a Security includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a security.
 
 
1.7.
Reportable Security means any security as defined in Advisers Act Section 202(a)(18) and Company Act Section 2(a)(36) except (i) direct obligations of the Government of the United States; (ii) bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements; (iii) shares issued by money market funds; (iv) shares issued by open-end funds other than Reportable Funds; and (v) shares issued by unit investment trusts that are invested exclusively in one or more open-end funds, none of which are Reportable Funds.
 
 
1.8.
Security Held by a Client means any Reportable Security which is currently held by a client. This definition also includes any option to purchase or sell, and any security convertible into or exchangeable for, a Reportable Security.
 
2.           Pre-Approval Requirements for Access Persons
 
 
2.1.
IPO and Limited Offering Restrictions . Access Persons may not acquire any securities issued as part of an IPO or a Limited Offering, absent prior approval in writing from the CCO. Any such approval will take into account, among other factors, whether the investment opportunity should be reserved for a client and whether the investment opportunity is being offered to the person because of his or her position with Sound Point.
 
 
2.2.
Transactions in Securities Held by a Client . Access Persons may not engage in a transaction in any Security held by a Client, absent the approval of the CCO. In considering an Access Person’s
 

 

 
50

 

 
request to engage in a transaction involving a Security Held by a Client, the CCO shall consider, among other factors, whether the sale of the Reportable Security may negatively impact the market vale of the Securities Held by a Client and whether the transaction is otherwise consistent with the Code.
 
 
2.3.
30 Day Holding Period . Absent the prior written consent of the CCO, no Access Person may sell a Reportable Security within 30 days of acquiring the Reportable Security.
 
 
2.4.
Prohibition on Self Pre-clearance or Approval . No Access Person shall pre-clear his own trades, review his own reports or approve his own exemptions from this Code. When such actions are to be undertaken with respect to the CCO, Stephen Ketchum will perform such actions as are required of the CCO by this Code.
 
3.           Additional Requirements
 
 
3.1.
Fair Treatment . Access Persons must avoid taking any action which would favor one client or group of clients over another, in violation of our fiduciary duties and applicable law. Access Persons must comply with relevant provisions of our compliance manuals designed to detect, prevent or mitigate such conflicts.
 
 
3.2.
Service as Outside Director, Trustee or Executor . Access Persons shall not serve on the boards of directors of publicly traded companies, or in any similar capacity, absent the prior approval of such service by the CCO following the receipt of a written request for such approval. In the event such a request is approved, “Chinese Wall” procedures may be utilized to avoid potential conflicts of interest. Other than by virtue of their position with the firm or with respect to a family member, no Access Person may serve as a trustee, executor or fiduciary. Similarly, Access Persons may not serve on a creditor’s committee. In appropriate circumstances the CCO may grant exemptions from this provision.
 
 
4.
Required Reports
 
 
4.1.
Initial and Annual Holdings Reports. Each Access Person must submit to the CCO a report: (i) not later than ten (10) days after becoming an Access Person, reflecting the Access Person’s Reportable Securities as of a date not more than 45 days prior to becoming an Access Person; and (ii) annually, on a date selected by the CCO, as of a date not more than 45 days prior to the date the report was submitted.
 
 
4.2.
Holdings reports must contain the following information:
 
 
(a)
the title and type of security and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, number of shares, and principal amount of each Reportable Security in which the Access Person has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership;
 
 
(b)
the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains an account in which any securities are held for the Access Person’s direct or indirect benefit. (Note that even those accounts which hold only non-Reportable Securities, must be included); and
 
 
(c)
the date the Access Person submits the report.
 
 
4.3.
Quarterly Transaction Reports. Within 30 days after the end of each calendar quarter, each Access Person must submit a report to the CCO covering all transactions in Reportable Securities during the preceding calendar quarter other than those excepted from the reporting requirements.
 
 
4.4
Quarterly Transaction Reports must contain the following information:
 

 
51

 


 
 
(a)
the date of the transaction, the title and as applicable, the exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, interest rate and maturity date, number of shares, and principal amount of each Reportable Security involved;
 
 
(b)
the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale or any other type of acquisition or disposition);
 
 
(c)
the price of the security at which the transaction was effected;
 
 
(d)
the name of the broker, dealer or bank with or through which the transaction was effected; and
 
 
(e)
the date the Access Person submits the report.
 
 
4.5.
Exceptions to Reporting Requirements . The reporting requirements of this Section 5 apply to all transactions in Reportable Securities other than:
 
 
(a)
transactions with respect to securities held in accounts over which the Access Person has no direct or indirect influence or control; and
 
 
(b)
transactions effected pursuant to an automatic investment plan (i.e., any program in which regular periodic purchases or withdrawals are made automatically in or from investment accounts in accordance with a predetermined schedule and allocation, including, but not limited to, any dividend reinvestment plan (“DRIP”).
 
 
4.6.
Duplicate Statements and Confirms . In order to satisfy the reporting requirements of this Section 4, each Access Person, with respect to each brokerage account in which such Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial interest, must arrange to have his/her broker mail all brokerage statements, confirmations, and other periodic reports directly to the CCO at the same time they are mailed or furnished to such Access Person. To the extent that a duplicate brokerage statement lacks some of the information otherwise required to be reported, the missing information must be submitted as a supplement to the statement or confirmation.
 
 
5.
Code Notification and Access Person Certifications
 
The CCO shall provide notice to all Access Persons of their status under this Code, and shall deliver a copy of the Code to each Access Person annually. Additionally, each Access Person will be provided a copy of any Code amendments. After reading the Code or amendment, each Supervised Person shall make the certification contained in Exhibit A. Annual certifications are due within ten (10) days after the end of each calendar year. Certifications with respect to amendments to the Code must be returned to the CCO within a reasonably prompt time. To the extent that any Code-related training sessions or seminars are held, the CCO shall keep records of such sessions and the Access Persons attending.
 
6.           Review of Required Code Reports
 
 
6.1.
Reports required to be submitted pursuant to the Code will be reviewed by the CCO or a designee on a periodic basis.
 
 
6.2.
Any material violation or potential material violation of the Code must be promptly reported to the CCO. The CCO will investigate any such violation or potential violation and determine the nature and severity of the violation. All violations will be handled on a case-by-case basis in a manner deemed appropriate by the CCO. In each case of a violation, the CCO must determine what actions, if any, are required to cure the violation and prevent future violations.
 

 
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6.3.
The CCO will keep a written record of all investigations in connection with any Code violations, including any action taken as a result of the violation.
 
 
6.4.
Sanctions for violations of the Code may include: verbal or written warnings and censures, monetary sanctions, disgorgement, suspension or dismissal. Where a particular client has been harmed by the violative action, disgorgement may be paid directly to the client; otherwise, monetary sanctions shall be paid to an appropriate charity determined by the CCO.
 
7.           Recordkeeping and Review
 
Sound Point will maintain records (which shall be available for examination by the SEC staff) in accordance with Sound Point’s Policy Regarding Recordkeeping , and specifically shall maintain:
 
 
(i)
copy of this Code of Ethics and any other preceding code of ethics that, at any time within the past 5 years, has been in effect in an easily accessible place;
 
 
(ii)
a record of any Code of Ethics violation and of any sanctions imposed for a period of not less than 5 years following the end of the fiscal year in which the violation occurred, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place;
 
 
(iii)
a copy of each report made by an Access Person under this Code of Ethics for a period of not less than 5 years from the end of the fiscal year in which it is made, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place;
 
 
(iv)
a record of all persons who are, or within the past 5 years have been, required to submit reports under this Code of Ethics, or who are or were responsible for reviewing these reports for a period of at least 5 years after the end of the fiscal year in which the report was submitted, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place; and
 
 
(v)
a record of any decision, and the reasons supporting the decision, to approve the acquisition by an Access Person of Securities acquired in an Initial Public Offering or Limited Offering, for a period of at least 5 years after the end of the fiscal year in which the approval is granted, the first 2 years in an easily accessible place.
 
To the extent appropriate and permissible, the CCO may choose to keep such records electronically.
 
The CCO shall review this Code and its operation annually and may determine to make amendments to the Code as a result of that review. Non-material amendments to this Code should be made no more frequently than annually and shall be distributed as described in Section 5. Material amendments to the Code may be made at any time.
 
8.           Reporting Violations
 
Any Access Person who believes that a violation of this Code has taken place must promptly report that violation to the CCO or to the CCO’s designee. To the extent that such reports are provided to a designee, the designee shall provide periodic updates to the CCO with respect to violations reported. Access Persons may make these reports anonymously and no adverse action shall be taken against an Access Person making such a report in good faith.
 
9.             Waivers .
 
The CCO may grant waivers of any substantive restriction in appropriate circumstances ( e.g ., personal hardship) and will maintain records necessary to justify such waivers.
 

 
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10.           Confidentiality
 
All reports of securities transactions and other information filed pursuant to this Code of Ethics shall be treated as confidential to the extent permitted by law.
 
11.           Gifts, rebates, contributions or other payments
 
Sound Point will take reasonable steps to ensure that neither it nor its Supervised Persons offer or give, or solicit or accept, in the course of business, any inducements which may lead to conflicts of interest between Sound Point and its Clients. Supervised Persons generally may not solicit gifts or gratuities nor give inducements, except in accordance with this Code of Ethics. The term “inducements” means gifts, entertainment and similar benefits which are offered to or given by Supervised Persons. Gifts of nominal value or those that are customary in the industry such as meals or entertainment may be appropriate. Any form of a loan by a Supervised Person to a Client or by a Client to a Supervised Person is not allowed. A relaxation of, or exemption from, these procedures may only be granted by the CCO.
 
Discretion must be used in accepting gifts, including invitations for dinners, entertainment, gold outings, sporting events, theater, etc. No Access Person may accept any gift or preferential treatment (except meals and entertainment valued at less than $100) from any person or entity that: (i) does business with Sound Point; (ii) is or may appear to be connected with any present or future business dealings between Sound Point and such person or entity; or (iii) may create or appear to create a conflict of interest. Similarly, no Access Person should offer any gifts that could be viewed as influencing the decision making or otherwise could be considered as creating a conflict of interest on the part of the recipient.
 
12.           Outside Employment or Other Activities
 
Sound Point Supervised Persons are generally prohibited from being employed or compensated by any other entity, serving on the board of directors of any publicly traded companies, and similar conduct except with the prior authorization of the CCO. Any employment or other outside activity by a Supervised Person may result in possible conflicts of interests for the Supervised Person or for Sound Point and therefore must be reviewed and approved by the CCO. Outside activities, which must be reviewed and approved, include the following:
 
 
(1)
being employed or compensated by any other entity;
 
(2)
engaging in any other business including part-time, evening or weekend employment; or
 
(3)
serving as an officer, director, partner, etc., in any other entity.
 
Written approval for any of the above activities is to be obtained by a Supervised Person before undertaking any such activity so that a determination may be made that the activities do not interfere with any of the Supervised Person’s responsibilities at Sound Point and any conflicts of interests which may be created by such activities may be addressed. An Supervised Person seeking approval shall provide the following information to the CCO: (1) the name and address of the outside business organization; (2) a description of the business of the organization; (3) compensation, if any, to be received; (4) a description of the activities to be performed; and (5) the amount of time per month that will be spent on the outside activity. Because Sound Point encourages Supervised Person involvement in charitable, nonpublic organization, civic and trade association activities, these outside activities will generally be approved unless a clear conflict of interest exists. Supervised Persons must update annually any requests for approval of an outside activity.
 
Records of requests for approval along with the reasons such requests were granted or denied are maintained by the CCO.
 

 


 
54

 

Enforcement of this Code of Ethics
 
CCO’s Duties and Responsibilities
 
The CCO shall be primarily responsible for administering and enforcing the provisions of this Code of Ethics. The CCO shall:
 
 
(i)
maintain a current list of all Access Persons;
 
 
(ii)
supervise, implement and enforce the terms of this Code of Ethics;
 
 
(iii)
(a) provide each Access Person with a current copy of this Code of Ethics and any amendments thereto, (b) notify each person who becomes an Access Person of the reporting requirements and other obligations under this Code of Ethics at the time such person becomes an Access Person, and (c) require each Access Person to provide a signed Certificate of Compliance for the Code of Ethics and Insider Trading Policy;
 
 
(iv)
maintain a list of all Securities which Sound Point recommends, holds, or is purchasing or selling, or intends to recommend purchase or sell on behalf of its Clients;
 
 
(v)
determine whether any particular Personal Securities Transactions should be exempted pursuant to the provisions this Code of Ethics;
 
 
(vi)
maintain files of statements and other information to be reviewed for the purpose of monitoring compliance with this Code of Ethics, which information shall be kept confidential by Sound Point, except as required to enforce this Code of Ethics, or to participate in any investigation concerning violations of applicable law;
 
 
(vii)
review all Holdings Reports required to be provided by each Access Person pursuant to this Code of Ethics: (a) for each new Access Person, to determine if any conflict of interest or other violation of this Code of Ethics results from such person becoming an Access Person; and (b) for all Access Persons, to determine whether a violation of this Code of Ethics has occurred;
 
 
(viii)
review on a quarterly basis all Securities reported on the Quarterly Transaction Reports required to be provided by each Access Person pursuant to this Code of Ethics for such calendar quarter to determine whether a Code of Ethics violation may have occurred;
 
 
(ix)
review any other statements, records and reports required by this Code of Ethics; and
 
 
(x)
review on a periodic basis and update as necessary, this Code of Ethics.
 
Violations of this Code of Ethics
 
If the CCO determines that a violation of this Code of Ethics has occurred, the CCO shall prepare a record of explanatory material regarding such violation and shall immediately take remedial or corrective action. The CCO shall monitor his own Securities holdings and transactions in accordance with the reporting requirements set forth in this Policy.
 
If the CCO finds that a Supervised Person has violated this Code of Ethics, the CCO will impose upon such Supervised Person sanctions that the CCO deems appropriate in view of the facts and circumstances. Sanctions with respect to any Supervised Person (other than a principal) may include written warning, suspension or termination of employment, a letter of censure and/or restitution of an amount equal to the difference between the price paid or received by the offending Supervised Person. In addition, Sound Point reserves the right to require the offending Supervised Person to reverse, cancel or freeze, at the Supervised Person’s expense, any transaction or position in a
 

 
55

 

specific Security if Sound Point believes the transaction or position violates this Code of Ethics and/or Sound Point’s general fiduciary duty to its Clients, or otherwise appears improper.
 
All violations of this Code of Ethics must be immediately reported to the CCO.
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
56
TURNER INVESTMENT PARTNERS, INC.
TURNER INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT LLC
 
CODE OF ETHICS AND PERSONAL TRADING POLICY
 
STANDARDS OF BUSINESS CONDUCT:
 
Turner Investment Partners, Inc. and Turner Investment Management LLC (“Turner”) each owes a fiduciary duty to all of its clients. All Turner employees have an affirmative duty of utmost good faith to deal fairly, to act in our clients’ best interests at all times, and to make full and fair disclosure of material facts. To fulfill this duty:
 
1.
We shall conduct business in a fair, lawful, and ethical manner;
 
2.
We at all times shall furnish individualized, competent, disinterested, and continuous advice to our clients regarding the sound management of their investments;
 
3.
We shall develop a reasonable, independent basis for our investment advice;
 
4.
We shall offer our clients only those pre-approved products/services that have been determined to be appropriate for their specific needs and which provide fair value;
 
5.
We shall respect and protect the right to privacy of all our clients by keeping all information about clients (including former clients) in strict confidence;
 
6.
We shall seek to obtain best execution on behalf of each client, and brokers are selected with a view to obtaining best execution. Turner believes that best execution is typically achieved not by negotiating the lowest commission rate, but by seeking to obtain the best overall result (including price, commission rate and other relevant facts) for the client, all as more fully set forth in Turner’s Best Execution Policy in its Compliance Manual;
 
7.
We shall avoid and eliminate all actual or apparent conflicts of interest because we owe our clients undivided loyalty. When a conflict cannot be avoided or eliminated, full and fair disclosure of the conflict shall be made to the parties involved;
 
8.
Management of Turner shall lead by example, creating an environment encouraging honesty and fair play by all employees in the conduct of his or her duties; and
 
9.
Management of Turner shall review (and find acceptable) the qualifications, experience and training of all individuals prior to assigning any supervisory responsibilities.
COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS:
 
Employees must comply with all applicable federal securities laws. Employees shall have and maintain sufficient knowledge of all laws that govern their duties and profession. Compliance with applicable federal securities laws is an essential part of upholding our fiduciary duty to our clients.
 
Employees are not permitted in connection with the purchase or sale, directly or indirectly, of a security held or to be acquired by a client:


 
12

 
 
 
1.
To defraud such client in any manner;
 
2.
To mislead such client, including by making a statement that omits material facts;
 
3.
To engage in any act, practice or course of conduct which operates or would operate as a fraud or deceit upon such client;
 
4.
To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to such client; or
 
5.
To engage in any manipulative practice with respect to securities, including price manipulation.
PREVENTION OF MISUSE OF MATERIAL NONPUBLIC INFORMATION:
 
To guarantee professional, candid, and confidential relationships to our clients, employees shall maintain the confidentiality of all information entrusted to us by our clients. Material, nonpublic information about Turner’s securities recommendations and about client securities holdings and transactions shall not be misused in violation of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 or the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, or the rules and regulations thereunder. This information is not to be used for personal gain or to be shared with others for their personal benefit.
 
Turner’s policy and procedures for the prevention of insider trading set forth elsewhere in its Compliance Manual are incorporated into this Code of Ethics.
REPORTING OF PERSONAL INVESTMENTS AND TRADING (PERSONAL TRADING POLICY):
A.
Personal investments: An employee should consider himself the beneficial owner of those securities held by him, his spouse, his minor children, a relative who shares his house, or persons by reason of any contract, arrangement, understanding or relationship that provides him with sole or shared voting or investment power.
B.
Employees are barred from purchasing any securities (to include Common Stock and related Options, Convertible securities, Options, or Futures on Indexes) in which the firm has either a long or short position. If an employee owns a position in any security, he must get written pre-clearance from the Chairman or President to add to or sell the position; pre-clearance of sales of securities may be obtained from the Chief Financial and Operating Officer if the Chairman or President is not available. ALL SECURITY TRANSACTIONS (BUY OR SELL) REQUIRE WRITTEN CLEARANCE IN ADVANCE. Approval is good for 48 hours; if a trade has not been executed, subsequent approvals are necessary until the trade is executed. The Exception Committee (including the Chairman, President, and Chief Compliance Officer) must approve any exceptions to this rule.
C.
Employees may not purchase initial public offerings. Transactions in private placements/limited partnerships, closed-end funds and exchange traded funds require written pre-clearance. Mutual fund and 529 Plan transactions are excluded from pre-clearance, including open-end exchange traded funds. All mutual funds for which Turner serves as investment adviser or sub-adviser must be reported. Transactions in individual securities in IRAs, and Rollover IRAs that are self-directed (i.e. stocks or bonds, not mutual funds), and ESOP’s (employee stock ownership plans) require pre-clearance. Pre-clearance is not required for non-volitional transactions, including automatic dividend reinvestment and stock purchase plan acquisitions, gifts of
 
 
 
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securities over which an employee has no control of the timing of the gift, and transactions that result from corporate action applicable to all similar security holders (such as stock splits, tender offers, mergers, stock dividends, etc.). Non-volitional transactions should be reported. The Exception Committee (including the Chairman, President, and Chief Compliance Officer) must approve any exceptions to this rule.
D.
Blackout Restrictions: Employees are subject to the following restrictions when their purchases and sales of securities coincide with trades of Turner Clients (including investment companies):
 
1.
Purchases and sales within three days following a client trade. Employees are prohibited from purchasing or selling any security within three calendar days after a client transaction in the same (or a related) security. The Exception Committee must approve exceptions. If an employee makes a prohibited transaction without an exception the employee must unwind the transaction and relinquish any gain from the transaction to charity.
 
2.
Purchases within seven days before a client purchase. An employee who purchases a security within seven calendar days before a client purchases the same (or a related) security is prohibited from selling the security for a period of six months following the client’s trade. The Exception Committee must approve exceptions. If an employee makes a prohibited sale without an exception within the six-month period, the employee must relinquish any gain from the transaction to charity.
 
3.
Sales within seven days before a client sale. An employee who sells a security within seven days before a client sells the same (or a related) security must relinquish to charity the difference between the employee’s sale price and the client’s sale price (assuming the employee’s sale price is higher). The Exception Committee must approve exceptions.
 
4.
These restrictions do not apply to proprietary investment partnerships for which the firm acts as an adviser in which the officers and employees of the adviser have an equity interest of less than 50%.
E.
Short Term Trading Rule - Employees may not take profits in any individual security in less than 60 days (includes Options, Convertibles and Futures). If an individual must trade with in this period, the Exception Committee must grant approval or the employee must relinquish such profits to charity. The closing of positions at a loss is not prohibited. Options that are out of the money may be exercised in less than 60 days. Turner’s proprietary partnerships may take profits in less than 60 days. Mutual fund transactions are excluded from this rule.
F.
Reporting:  Consistent with the requirements of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 - Rule 204 and with the provisions of Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, all employees are considered access persons and must submit the following:
   
1.
Initial Holdings Report - within ten (10) days of hire, all new employees are required to file a signed and dated Initial Holdings Report, setting forth the title, type of security and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the number of shares, and the principal amount of each covered security in which they have any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; and the name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom an account is maintained in which any covered securities are held for their direct or indirect benefit. The information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the person becomes an employee.


 
 
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2.
Annual Holdings Report - on an annual basis, all employees are required to file within thirty (30) days of year-end a signed and dated Annual Holdings Report listing all securities beneficially owned as of December 31 st . Within this Report, all employees must list the title and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the number of shares, and the principal amount of each covered security in which they had any direct or indirect beneficial ownership; and the name of any broker, dealer, or bank with whom an account was maintained in which any covered securities were held for their direct or indirect benefit. The information must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date the report was submitted.
   
3.
Quarterly Transaction Reports - All employees must disclose and certify within ten (10) days following the end of each calendar quarter all transactions they have executed during the preceding calendar quarter, and provide duplicate statements/confirmations. For each transaction, employees are required to report the date of the transaction, the title, type of security, and exchange ticker symbol or CUSIP number, the interest rate and maturity date (if applicable), the number of shares and the principal amount of each covered security involved; the nature of the transaction (i.e., purchase, sale, or other type of acquisition/ disposition); the price at which the transaction was effected; the name of any broker, dealer, or bank through which the transaction was effected; and the date the employee certifies. Statements/confirms are reviewed by one of the firm’s Series 24 principals. Transactions in brokerage accounts, IRAs, Rollover IRAs (which are self-directed), ESOPs, private placements, and limited partnerships must all be reported.
   
4.
Annual Certification - All employees are required to certify annually to the Compliance Department that: (i) they have read and understand the Personal Trading Policy/Code of Ethics; (ii) they have complied with all requirements of the Personal Trading Policy/Code of Ethics; and (iii) they have reported all transactions required to be reported under the Personal Trading Policy/Code of Ethics.
 
All employees are also required in connection with their reporting to direct their brokers to provide monthly, quarterly and transaction by transaction confirmations of all brokerage account activity separately to Turner’s Compliance Department.
G.
Violation of the Personal Investments/Code of Ethics policy may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
CFA INSTITUTE CODE OF ETHICS AND STANDARDS OF PROFESSIONAL CONDUCT:
 
Turner has incorporated the CFA Institute Code of Ethics and Standards of Professional Conduct into its Code of Ethics. The CFA Institute Code and Standards can be found at: http://www.cfainstitute.ord/pdf/standards/endlish code.pdf
CODE VIOLATIONS AND REPORTING OF CODE VIOLATIONS:
 
Violation of the Code of Ethics may result in disciplinary action, up to and including termination of employment.
 
Employees shall promptly report any violations of the Code of Ethics to Turner’s Chief Compliance Officer. Such reports will be treated confidentially to the extent permitted by law and investigated promptly and appropriately. The sooner the Compliance Department learns of a


 
 
15

 

 
violation, the sooner Turner can take corrective measures.
ACKNOWLEDGED RECEIPT OF CODE OF ETHICS:
 
Turner will make available to all employees a copy of its Code of Ethics and any material amendments. Employees are required to acknowledge, in writing, their receipt of the code and any material amendments.
ANNUAL REVIEW:
 
The Chief Compliance Officer will review, at least annually, the adequacy of the Code and the effectiveness of its implementation.
Trading Disclosures and Holdings Report Policy
 
As you are aware, Turner must comply with the industry’s ethics rules. We may have taken a broader stance than other companies regarding Trading Disclosures and Holdings Reporting, but it is this strict code of ethics and attention to detail that has made Turner what it is today, an employer of choice and leader within our industry.
 
As employees of Turner, we agree to abide by internal policies and procedures. We must be aware that quarterly Trading Disclosures and Holdings Reporting is a requirement of our employment at Turner.
 
It is your individual responsibility to provide this information, within 10 days of the close of the quarter end.
 
We hold special appreciation for those individuals who have complied strictly and consistently, and support their good efforts in that regard.
 
WE WILL NOT TOLERATE A VIOLATION OF THIS POLICY; THEREFORE A PENALTY MUST BE SET FOR THOSE WHO CONSCIOUSLY DISREGARD THIS POLICY. ANY EMPLOYEE WHO HAS NOT MET THE REQUIREMENTS OF THE TRADING DISCLOSURES AND HOLDINGS REPORT POLICY AND PROVIDED SUCH INFORMATION TO THE COMPLIANCE DEPARTMENT BY THE CLOSE OF BUSINESS ON THE 10TH DAY AFTER QUARTER END WILL BE SUBJECT TO DISCIPLINARY ACTION. SUCH DISCIPLINARY ACTION MAY INCLUDE A WRITTEN DISCIPLINARY LETTER TO BE INCLUDED IN THE EMPLOYEE’S PERMANENT EMPLOYMENT RECORDS OR A REQUIREMENT THAT THE EMPLOYEE LEAVES THE PREMISES AND STAY AWAY WITHOUT PAY UNTIL THE REPORT HAS BEEN FILED.
 
Future disregard of this policy by any individual will result in further disciplinary action (including the possibility of termination), the severity depending on the liability such disregard places upon Turner, among other factors.
 
Last Amended: February 1, 2011
 
16
APPENDIX F
 
CODE OF ETHICS
 
I.           INTRODUCTION
 
High ethical standards are essential for the success of Visium and to maintain the confidence of Advisory Clients and Investors. Visium is of the view that its long-term business interests are best served by adherence to the principle that Advisory Clients' and Investors’ interests come first. Visium has a fiduciary duty to its Advisory Clients and Investors, which requires individuals associated with Visium to act solely for the benefit of Advisory Clients and Investors. Potential conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the personal trading activities of individuals associated with investment adviser firms. In recognition of Visium’s fiduciary obligations to its Advisory Clients and Investors and Visium’s desire to maintain its high ethical standards, Visium has adopted this Code of Ethics containing provisions designed to: (i) prevent improper personal trading by Access Persons; (ii) prevent improper use of material, non-public information about securities recommendations made by Visium or securities holdings of Advisory Clients’ (iii) identify conflicts of interest; and (iv) provide a means to resolve any actual or potential conflict in favor of the Advisory Client.
 
All Access Persons are required to comply with applicable Federal and State securities laws. Failure to adhere to Federal and State securities laws could expose an Employee to sanctions imposed by Visium, the SEC or law enforcement officials. These sanctions may include, among others, disgorgement of profits, suspension or termination of employment by Visium, or criminal or civil penalties. If there is any doubt as to whether a Federal or State securities law applies, Employees should consult the Chief Compliance Officer.
 
Adherence to the Code of Ethics and the related restrictions on personal investing is considered a basic condition of employment for Employees and Access Persons (as applicable) of Visium. If there is any doubt as to the propriety of any activity, Employees should consult with the Chief Compliance Officer, who is charged with the administration of this Code of Ethics, has general compliance responsibility for Visium and may offer guidance on securities laws and acceptable practices, as the same may change from time to time. The Chief Compliance Officer may rely upon the advice of outside legal counsel and/or compliance consultants.
 
II.            APPLICABILITY OF CODE OF ETHICS
 
A.            Personal Accounts of Access Persons. This Code of Ethics applies to all personal brokerage accounts of Access Persons where Reportable Securities are held (“Personal Account”). A Personal Account also includes an account maintained by or for:
 
 
  (1)
Access Person's spouse (other than a legally separated or divorced spouse of the Access Person) and minor children;
     
 
  (2)
Any individuals who live in the Access Person's household and over whose purchases, sales, or other trading activities the Access Person exercises control or investment discretion;
     
 
  (3)
Any persons to whom the Access Person provides primary financial support, and either (i) whose financial affairs the Access Person controls, or (ii) for whom the Access Person provides discretionary advisory services;
     

 
 
F-1

 
 
 
(4)
Any trust or other arrangement which names the Access Person as a beneficiary; and
     
 
(5)
Any partnership, corporation, or other entity of which the Access Person is a director, officer or partner or in which the Access Person has a 25% or greater beneficial interest, or in which the Access Person owns a controlling interest or exercises effective control.
     
Promptly following receipt of this Compliance Manual, each Access Person must provide a comprehensive list of all Personal Accounts to the Chief Compliance Officer through the ComplianceTrak Elf portal.
 
B.            Access Person as Trustee. A Personal Account does not include any account for which a Access Person serves as trustee of a trust for the benefit of (i) a person to whom the Access Person does not provide primary financial support or (ii) an independent third party.
 
 
  (1)
Personal Accounts of Other Access Persons . A Personal Account of an Access Person that is managed by another Access Person is considered to be a Personal Account only of the Access Person who has a Beneficial Ownership in the Personal Account. The account is considered to be a client account with respect to the Access Person managing the Personal Account.
     
 
  (2)
Solicitors/Consultants . Non-Employee Solicitors or consultants are not subject to this Code of Ethics unless the Solicitor/consultant, as part of his duties on behalf of Visium, (i) makes or participates in the making of investment recommendations for Visium’s clients or (ii) obtains information on recommended investments for Visium’s Advisory Clients.
     
 
  (3)
Client Accounts . A client account includes any account managed by investment personnel of Visium which is not a Personal Account.
     
III.          RESTRICTIONS ON PERSONAL INVESTING ACTIVITIES
 
A.            General . It is the responsibility of each Access Person to ensure that a particular securities transaction being considered for his or her Personal Account is not subject to a restriction contained in this Code of Ethics or otherwise prohibited by any applicable laws. When anything under this Code of Ethics prohibits the purchase or sale of a security, it also prohibits the purchase or sale of any related securities such as puts, calls, other options or rights in such securities. Personal securities transactions for Access Persons may be effected only in accordance with the provisions of this Code of Ethics.
 
B.            Restriction on Excessive Trading . Access Persons shall not engage in “excessive” personal trading that would be contrary to the best interests of Visium’s Advisory Clients and Investors.
 
C.            Use of Restricted List . Each Access Person is strictly prohibited from trading in the securities of issuers that are included on Visium’s Restricted List (i.e., new employees liquidating a portfolio as set forth in III.D, below. Issuers on the Restricted List include issuers of securities with respect to which Visium has come into contact with material non-public information. The Restricted List will be available to all Access Persons and must be reviewed by Access Persons prior to submitting the applicable pre-clearance request.
 
 
F-2

 
 
D.            Prohibition on Trading in Personal Accounts . All personal trading in individual stocks and bonds is prohibited. Non-discretionary accounts are permitted, and may include investments in mutual funds, hedge funds and exchange traded funds. New Employees are permitted limited exceptions as an accommodation to liquidate their personal portfolios in an orderly manner, subject to the discretion of the Chief Compliance Officer.
 
E.            Pre-clearance of Transactions in Personal Accounts, et. al . An Access Person must obtain the prior written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer before engaging in the following transactions in his or her Personal Account:
 
 
direct or indirect purchase or sale of beneficial ownership in a security in an initial public offering (as required under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act); and
     
 
direct or indirect purchase or sale of beneficial ownership in a security in a limited offering, including (but not limited to) investments in hedge funds (as required under Rule 204A-1 of the Advisers Act).
     
     
A request for pre-clearance must be made by utilizing the ComplianceTrak ELF portal. All approved trades must be executed no later than 5:00 p.m. local time on the business day following the date preclearance is granted. If any order is not timely executed, a request for preclearance must be resubmitted.
 
IV.             REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
 
A.           All Access Persons are required to submit to the Chief Compliance Officer the following reports:
 
(1)            Initial Holdings Report – Access Persons are required to provide the Chief Compliance Officer with an Initial Holdings Report within 10 days of the date that such person became an Access Person that meets the following requirements:
 
(a)           Must disclose all of the Access Person’s current securities holdings with the following content for each reportable security (as defined in IV.B. below) that the Access Person has any direct or indirect beneficial ownership:
 
 
title and type of reportable security;
 
ticker symbol or CUSIP number (as applicable);
 
number of shares;
 
principal amount of each reportable security.
     
(b)           Must disclose the name of any broker, dealer or bank with which the Access Person maintains a Personal Account.
 
(c)           Information contained in Initial Holding Reports must be current as of a date no more than 45 days prior to the date of submission.
 
 
F-3

 
 
(d)           The date upon which the report was submitted.
 
(e)           Initial Holdings Reports must be submitted through the ComplianceTrak Elf portal.
 
(2)            Annual Holdings Report – Access Persons must also provide Annual Holdings Reports of all current reportable securities holdings at least once during each 12 month period (the “Annual Holding Certification Date”). For purposes of this Code, the Annual Holdings Certification Date is January 1. From a content perspective, such Annual Holdings Reports must comply with the requirements of Section IV.A. (1)(a), (b) and (c) above. Annual Holdings Reports must be submitted through the ComplianceTrak Elf portal.
 
(3)            Duplicate Brokerage Statements – Access Persons are required to link to all brokers to their Personal Accounts through the ComplianceTrak Elf portal and to ensure duplicate brokerage statements are provided to Visium through such portal. Visium has instituted this policy to ensure the Firm is in compliance with the quarterly transaction reporting requirements of Advisers Act Rule 204A-1. It is the responsibility of each Employee to ensure the information provided by their brokers through the ComplianceTrak Elf portal includes the following:
 
 
date of transaction;
 
title of reportable security;
 
ticker symbol or CUSIP number of reportable security (as applicable);
 
interest rate or maturity rate (if applicable);
 
number of shares;
 
principal amount of reportable security;
 
nature of transaction (i.e., purchase or sale);
 
price of reportable security at which the transaction was effected;
 
the name of broker, dealer or bank through which the transaction was effected;
 
the date upon which the Access Person submitted the report.
     
B.           Definition of Reportable Security – For purposes of the reporting requirements, a reportable security is any financial instrument that is known as a security and as defined in detail in Section 202(a)(18) of the Company Act , EXCEPT that it does NOT include:
 
(1)           Direct obligations of the Government of the United States;
(2)           Bankers’ acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt instruments, including repurchase agreements;
(3)           Shares issued by money market funds;
(4)           Shares issued by registered open-end funds (i.e. mutual funds) that are registered under the Company Act; provided that such funds are NOT registered funds managed by Visium or registered funds whose adviser or principal underwriter controls Visium, or is under common control with Visium (such funds, the “Reportable Funds”).
 
A “Reportable Security” includes shares that are issued by registered open-end funds which include, but are not limited to, (i) exchange-traded funds and (ii) the Reportable Funds.
 
F-4

 
 
VI.           PROTECTION OF MATERIAL NON-PUBLIC INFORMATION ABOUT SECURITIES/INVESTMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
 
In addition to other provisions of this Code of Ethics and Visium’s Compliance Manual, Access Persons should note that Visium has a duty to safeguard material, non-public information about securities/investment recommendations provided to (or made on behalf of) Advisory Clients. As such, Access Persons generally should not share such information outside of Visium. Notwithstanding the foregoing, Access Persons and Visium may provide such information to persons or entities providing services to Visium or Advisory Clients where such information is required to effectively provide the services in question.
 
Examples of such are:
 
 
brokers;
 
accountants or accounting support service firms;
 
custodians;
 
transfer agents;
 
bankers;
 
lawyers; and
 
compliance consultants
     
If there are any questions about the sharing of material, non-public information about securities/investment recommendations made by Visium please see the Chief Compliance Officer.
 
VII.           OVERSIGHT OF CODE OF ETHICS
 
A.             Reporting . Any situation that may involve a conflict of interest or other possible violation of this Code of Ethics must be promptly reported to the Chief Compliance Officer who shall determine the appropriate course of action.
 
B.              Review of Transactions . Each Access Person's transactions in his/her Personal Accounts may be reviewed on a regular basis and compared to transactions entered into by Visium for Advisory Clients. The Chief Compliance Officer may delegate any of the responsibilities, powers and authorities conferred on him by this Code of Ethics.
 
C.             Sanctions . The Chief Compliance Officer may impose such sanctions or remedial action as he deems appropriate or to the extent required by law (as may be advised by outside legal counsel or other advisors). These sanctions may include, among other things, disgorgement of profits to a charity or suspension or termination of employment.
 
VIII.         COMPLIANCE WITH FEDERAL SECURITIES LAWS
 
All Employees are required to comply with applicable Federal Securities Laws. Failure to adhere to Federal Securities Laws could expose an Employee to sanctions imposed by Visium, the SEC or law enforcement officials. These sanctions may include, among others, disgorgement of profits, suspension or termination of employment by Visium, or criminal or civil penalties. If there is any doubt as to whether a Federal securities law applies, Employees should consult the Chief Compliance Officer.
 
 
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IX.           CONFIDENTIALITY
 
All reports of securities transactions and any other information filed pursuant to this Code of Ethics shall be treated as confidential to the extent permitted by law.
 

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