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United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 10-Q
(Mark One)
QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020

OR
TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from         to     
Commission file number 000-24498
DHIL-20200930_G1.JPG

DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Ohio   65-0190407
(State of
incorporation)
  (I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)
325 John H. McConnell Blvd., Suite 200, Columbus, Ohio 43215
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code)
(614) 255-3333
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
 
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Trading Symbol(s) Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, no par value DHIL The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC
The number of shares outstanding of the issuer’s common stock, as of October 27, 2020, is 3,163,266 shares.

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.     Yes:  x    No:  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).     Yes  x    No  ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.
 
Large accelerated filer      Accelerated filer   x
Non-accelerated filer      Smaller reporting company  
Emerging growth company
If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).     Yes:      No:  x
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DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
 
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PART I: FINANCIAL INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1: Consolidated Financial Statements
Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
9/30/2020 12/31/2019
  (Unaudited)  
ASSETS
Cash and cash equivalents $ 117,753,672  $ 93,176,253 
Investments 116,433,476  139,437,178 
Accounts receivable 14,870,956  17,223,362 
Prepaid expenses 3,171,198  2,857,468 
Income taxes receivable 833,084  3,849,099 
Property and equipment, net of depreciation 6,379,824  5,733,737 
Deferred taxes 9,673,576  10,386,853 
Total assets $ 269,115,786  $ 272,663,950 
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY
Liabilities
Accounts payable and accrued expenses $ 7,134,193  $ 8,671,731 
Accrued incentive compensation 19,235,903  26,615,510 
Deferred compensation
28,654,074  30,342,204 
Total liabilities 55,024,170  65,629,445 
Redeemable noncontrolling interest 8,036,117  14,178,824 
Permanent Shareholders’ equity
Common stock, no par value: 7,000,000 shares authorized; 3,164,793 issued and outstanding at September 30, 2020 (inclusive of 189,568 unvested shares); 3,294,672 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2019 (inclusive of 227,844 unvested shares)
80,160,678  95,853,477 
Preferred stock, undesignated, 1,000,000 shares authorized and unissued
—  — 
Deferred equity compensation (15,735,586) (20,331,890)
Retained earnings 141,630,407  117,334,094 
Total permanent shareholders’ equity 206,055,499  192,855,681 
Total liabilities and shareholders’ equity $ 269,115,786  $ 272,663,950 
Book value per share $ 65.11  $ 58.54 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Income (unaudited)
 
Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
REVENUES:
Investment advisory $ 29,362,652  $ 32,498,101  $ 86,219,325  $ 94,521,491 
Mutual fund administration, net 1,813,103  2,094,271  5,131,104  6,195,272 
Total revenue 31,175,755  34,592,372  91,350,429  100,716,763 
OPERATING EXPENSES:
Compensation and related costs, excluding deferred compensation expense (benefit) 13,704,075  15,714,531  41,679,020  43,613,578 
Deferred compensation expense (benefit) 1,961,361  356,645  (2,368,980) 4,051,531 
General and administrative 3,096,115  3,543,236  7,924,624  10,331,295 
Sales and marketing 1,581,142  1,443,328  4,185,606  4,261,311 
Mutual fund administration 863,463  778,093  2,467,732  2,488,809 
Total operating expenses 21,206,156  21,835,833  53,888,002  64,746,524 
NET OPERATING INCOME 9,969,599  12,756,539  37,462,427  35,970,239 
Investment income (loss), net 5,052,794  2,822,947  (5,782,674) 23,627,419 
NET INCOME BEFORE TAXES 15,022,393  15,579,486  31,679,753  59,597,658 
Income tax expense (3,881,810) (4,062,849) (9,429,059) (14,367,605)
NET INCOME 11,140,583  11,516,637  22,250,694  45,230,053 
Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest (575,068) (99,177) 2,045,619  (3,684,799)
NET INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO COMMON SHAREHOLDERS $ 10,565,515  $ 11,417,460  $ 24,296,313  $ 41,545,254 
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic $ 3.30  $ 3.35  $ 7.52  $ 12.00 
Diluted $ 3.30  $ 3.35  $ 7.52  $ 12.00 
Weighted average shares outstanding
Basic 3,200,957  3,411,632  3,231,452  3,460,959 
Diluted 3,200,957  3,411,632  3,231,452  3,461,159 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (unaudited)

Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Deferred Equity
Compensation
Retained
Earnings
Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at June 30, 2020 3,212,924  $ 86,189,846  $ (17,103,472) $ 131,064,892  $ 200,151,266  $ 9,571,722 
Issuance of restricted stock grants 1,884  237,987  (237,987) —  —  — 
Amortization of restricted stock grants —  —  1,447,155  —  1,447,155  — 
Issuance of common stock related to 401(k) plan match 5,323  645,349  —  —  645,349  — 
Shares withheld related to employee tax withholding (803) (91,277) —  —  (91,277) — 
Forfeiture of restricted stock grants (800) (158,718) 158,718  —  —  — 
Repurchase of common stock (53,735) (6,662,509) —  —  (6,662,509) — 
Net income —  —  —  10,565,515  10,565,515  575,068 
Net redemptions of consolidated funds —  —  —  —  —  (2,110,673)
Balance at September 30, 2020 3,164,793  $ 80,160,678  $ (15,735,586) $ 141,630,407  $ 206,055,499  $ 8,036,117 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Deferred Equity
Compensation
Retained
Earnings
Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at June 30, 2019 3,443,464  $ 116,835,709  $ (21,919,702) $ 122,778,731  $ 217,694,738  $ 34,076,350 
Issuance of restricted stock grants 23,219  3,207,195  (3,207,195) —  —  — 
Amortization of restricted stock grants —  —  1,498,405  —  1,498,405  — 
Issuance of common stock related to 401(k) plan match 4,551  628,465  —  —  628,465  — 
Shares withheld related to employee tax withholding (3,088) (437,631) —  —  (437,631) — 
Forfeiture of restricted stock grants (7,200) (1,389,010) 1,389,010  —  —  — 
Repurchase of common stock (57,207) (7,579,435) (7,579,435)
Net income —  —  —  11,417,460  11,417,460  99,177 
Net subscriptions of consolidated funds —  —  —  —  —  538,128 
Net deconsolidations of Company sponsored investments —  —  —  —  —  (24,051,310)
Balance at September 30, 2019 3,403,739  $ 111,265,293  $ (22,239,482) $ 134,196,191  $ 223,222,002  $ 10,662,345 
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.


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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity and Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest (unaudited)

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Deferred Equity
Compensation
Retained
Earnings
Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2019 3,294,672  $ 95,853,477  $ (20,331,890) $ 117,334,094  $ 192,855,681  $ 14,178,824 
Issuance of restricted stock grants 18,749  2,048,386  (2,048,386) —  —  — 
Amortization of restricted stock grants —  —  3,793,978  —  3,793,978  — 
Common stock issued as incentive compensation 23,640  3,396,359  3,396,359 
Issuance of common stock related to 401k plan match 17,042  1,934,457  —  —  1,934,457  — 
Shares withheld related to employee tax withholding (16,235) (1,574,307) —  —  (1,574,307) — 
Forfeiture of restricted stock grants (15,325) (2,850,712) 2,850,712  —  —  — 
Repurchase of common stock (157,750) (18,646,982) —  —  (18,646,982) — 
Net income (loss) —  —  —  24,296,313  24,296,313  (2,045,619)
Net redemptions of Consolidated Funds —  —  —  —  —  (4,097,088)
Balance at September 30, 2020 3,164,793  $ 80,160,678  $ (15,735,586) $ 141,630,407  $ 206,055,499  $ 8,036,117 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Shares
Outstanding
Common
Stock
Deferred Equity
Compensation
Retained
Earnings
Total Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Balance at December 31, 2018 3,499,285  $ 124,933,060  $ (22,008,054) $ 92,650,937  $ 195,575,943  $ 62,679,687 
Issuance of restricted stock grants 52,269  7,233,016  (7,233,016) —  —  — 
Amortization of restricted stock grants —  —  4,874,121  —  4,874,121  — 
Common stock issued as incentive compensation 24,048  3,655,296  —  —  3,655,296  — 
Issuance of common stock related to 401k plan match 13,027  1,850,080  —  —  1,850,080  — 
Shares withheld related to employee tax withholding (7,388) (1,039,631) —  —  (1,039,631) — 
Forfeiture of restricted stock grants (11,700) (2,127,467) 2,127,467  —  —  — 
Repurchase of common stock (165,802) (23,239,061) —  —  (23,239,061)
Net income —  —  —  41,545,254  41,545,254  3,684,799 
Net subscriptions of Consolidated Funds —  —  —  —  —  5,689,957 
Net deconsolidations of Company sponsored investments —  —  —  —  —  (61,392,098)
Balance at September 30, 2019 3,403,739  $ 111,265,293  $ (22,239,482) $ 134,196,191  $ 223,222,002  $ 10,662,345 



The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (unaudited)
 
  Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  2020 2019
CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:
Net Income $ 22,250,694  $ 45,230,053 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 750,524  892,463 
Share-based compensation 5,728,435  6,724,201 
Decrease (increase) in accounts receivable 2,352,406  (4,067,885)
Change in current income taxes 3,016,015  (1,352,069)
Change in deferred income taxes 713,277  (922,277)
Net losses (gains) on investments 7,542,988  (17,465,565)
Net change in securities held by Consolidated Funds 3,033,304  10,149,201 
Decrease in accrued incentive compensation (3,983,248) (4,756,871)
Increase (decrease) in deferred compensation (1,688,130) 6,028,924 
Other changes in assets and liabilities (1,514,223) (388,751)
Net cash provided by operating activities 38,202,042  40,071,424 
CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:
Purchase of property and equipment (1,733,656) (609,836)
Purchase of Company sponsored investments (12,353,841) (10,955,556)
Proceeds from sale of Company-sponsored investments 24,781,251  43,245,298 
Net cash on deconsolidation of Company sponsored investments —  (22,723,853)
Net cash provided by investing activities 10,693,754  8,956,053 
CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:
Value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding (1,574,307) (1,039,631)
Net subscriptions (redemptions) received from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders (4,097,088) 8,934,897 
Repurchase of common stock (18,646,982) (23,239,061)
Net cash used in financing activities (24,318,377) (15,343,795)
CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS
Net change during the period 24,577,419  33,683,682 
At beginning of period 93,176,253  84,430,059 
At end of period $ 117,753,672  $ 118,113,741 
Supplemental cash flow information:
Income taxes paid $ 5,699,767  $ 16,641,951 
Supplemental disclosure of non-cash transactions:
Common stock issued as incentive compensation $ 3,396,359  $ 3,655,296 
Net redemptions of ETF shares for marketable securities —  (3,244,940)

The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (unaudited)
Note 1 Business and Organization
Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. (the "Company"), an Ohio corporation, derives consolidated revenue and net income from investment advisory and fund administration services.
Diamond Hill Capital Management, Inc. ("DHCM"), an Ohio corporation, is a wholly owned subsidiary of the Company and a registered investment adviser. DHCM is the investment adviser to the Diamond Hill Funds (the "Funds"), a series of open-end mutual funds. DHCM is also administrator for the Funds. The Company also provides investment advisory services to separately managed accounts and provides sub-advisory services to other mutual funds.
Note 2 Significant Accounting Policies
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, for Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. and its subsidiaries (referred to in these notes to the condensed consolidated financial statements as "the Company," "management," "we," "us," and "our"), have been prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles ("GAAP") and with the instructions to Form 10-Q and Article 10 of Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") Regulation S-X. Accordingly, they do not include all of the information and footnotes required by GAAP for complete financial statements. In the opinion of management, all adjustments, consisting of normal recurring accruals, considered necessary for a fair statement of the financial condition and results of operations at the dates and for the interim periods presented have been included. These unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and footnotes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements of the Company included in its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2019 (the "2019 Form 10-K"), as filed with the SEC.
Operating results for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 are not necessarily indicative of the results the Company may expect for the full fiscal year ending December 31, 2020 (“fiscal 2020”), particularly in light of the novel coronavirus pandemic (“COVID-19”) and its effects on the U.S. and global economies.
To limit the spread of COVID-19, governments have continued to take various actions including extending travel bans and social distancing guidelines, which has caused some businesses to have prolonged suspensions of their operations, disrupted the global supply chain, and created a reduction in demand for many products.  This has affected global financial markets and has caused significant financial market volatility, which could impact our assets under management ("AUM"), the revenue derived from our AUM, and the returns on corporate investments, our liquidity, our capital resources, and our results of operations.
The pandemic and the related responses to COVID-19 could continue to affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. However, at this time we cannot reasonably estimate the full impact, given the uncertainty surrounding the duration and severity of the pandemic and its related economic impacts.
For further information regarding the risks to our business, refer to the consolidated financial statements and notes thereto included in the 2019 Form 10-K and in “Part II – Item 1A. – Risk Factors” of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of the condensed consolidated financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions related to the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenue and expense during the period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Reclassification
Certain prior period amounts and disclosures may have been reclassified to conform to the current period's financial presentation.
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Principles of Consolidation
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the operations of the Company and its controlled subsidiaries. All inter-company transactions and balances have been eliminated in consolidation.
The Company holds certain investments in the Funds for general corporate investment purposes, to provide seed capital for newly formed strategies or to add capital to existing strategies. The Funds are organized in a series fund structure in which there are multiple mutual funds within one trust (the "Trust"). The Trust is an open-end investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the"1940 Act").
The Company performs its analysis at the individual mutual fund level and has concluded the mutual funds are voting rights entities ("VREs") because the structure of the investment product is such that the shareholders are deemed to have the power through voting rights to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance. To the extent material, these investment products are consolidated if Company ownership, directly or indirectly, represents a majority interest (greater than 50%). The Company records redeemable noncontrolling interests in consolidated investments for which the Company's ownership is less than 100%. The Company has consolidated the Diamond Hill International Fund and the Diamond Hill Global Fund (collectively, the "Consolidated Funds") as of September 30, 2020.
Redeemable Noncontrolling Interest
Redeemable noncontrolling interest represents third-party interests in the Consolidated Funds. This interest is redeemable at the option of the investors, and therefore, is not treated as permanent equity. Redeemable noncontrolling interest is recorded at redemption value, which approximates the fair value each reporting period.
Segment Information
Management has determined that the Company operates in one business segment, which is providing investment management and administration services to mutual funds, separately managed accounts, and a private investment fund. Therefore, the Company does not present disclosures relating to operating segments in annual or interim financial statements.
Cash and Cash Equivalents
Cash and cash equivalents include demand deposits and money market mutual funds held by DHCM.
Accounts Receivable
The Company records accounts receivable when they are due and presents them on the balance sheet net of any allowance for doubtful accounts. Accounts receivable are written off when they are determined to be uncollectible. Any allowance for doubtful accounts is estimated based on the Company’s historical losses, existing conditions in the industry, and the financial stability of the individual or entity that owes the receivable. No allowance for doubtful accounts was deemed necessary at September 30, 2020, or December 31, 2019. Accounts receivable from the Funds were $8.9 million as of September 30, 2020, and $10.7 million as of December 31, 2019.
Investments
Management determines the appropriate classification of its investments at the time of purchase and re-evaluates its determination at each reporting period.
Investments in the Funds that DHCM advises where the Company has neither control nor the ability to exercise significant influence, as well as securities held in the Consolidated Funds, are measured at fair value based on quoted market prices. Unrealized gains and losses are recorded as investment income (loss) in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
Investments classified as equity method investments represent investments in which the Company owns between 20-50% of the outstanding voting interests in the entity or when it is determined that the Company is able to exercise significant influence but not control over the investments. When using the equity method, the Company recognizes its respective share of the investee's net income or loss for the period, which is recorded as investment income in the Company's consolidated statements of income.
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Property and Equipment
Property and equipment, consisting of leasehold improvements, right-of use lease assets, computer equipment, capitalized software, furniture, and fixtures, are carried at cost less accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated lives of the assets.
Revenue Recognition – General
The Company recognizes revenue when it satisfies performance obligations under the terms of a contract with a client. The Company earns substantially all of its revenue from investment advisory and fund administration contracts. Investment advisory and administration fees, generally calculated as a percentage of AUM, are recorded as revenue as services are performed. In addition to fixed fees based on a percentage of AUM, certain client accounts also provide periodic variable rate fees.
Revenue earned during the three months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, under contracts with clients include:
Three Months Ended September 30, 2020
Investment advisory Mutual fund
administration, net
Total revenue
Proprietary funds $ 21,435,758  $ 1,813,103  $ 23,248,861 
Sub-advised funds and separately managed accounts 7,926,894  —  7,926,894 
$ 29,362,652  $ 1,813,103  $ 31,175,755 
Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Investment advisory Mutual fund
administration, net
Total revenue
Proprietary funds $ 24,178,440  $ 2,094,271  $ 26,272,711 
Sub-advised funds and separately managed accounts 8,319,661  —  8,319,661 
$ 32,498,101  $ 2,094,271  $ 34,592,372 

Revenue earned during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 2019, under contracts with clients include:
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Investment advisory Mutual fund
administration, net
Total revenue
Proprietary funds $ 64,613,063  $ 5,131,104  $ 69,744,167 
Sub-advised funds and separately managed accounts 21,606,262  —  21,606,262 
$ 86,219,325  $ 5,131,104  $ 91,350,429 
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Investment advisory Mutual fund
administration, net
Total revenue
Proprietary funds $ 72,093,686  $ 6,195,272  $ 78,288,958 
Sub-advised funds and separately managed accounts 22,427,805  —  22,427,805 
$ 94,521,491  $ 6,195,272  $ 100,716,763 
Revenue Recognition – Investment Advisory Fees
The Company's investment advisory contracts have a single performance obligation (the investment advisory services provided to the client) as the promised services are not separately identifiable from other promises in the contracts and, therefore, are not distinct. All performance obligations to provide advisory services are satisfied over time, and the Company recognizes revenue as time passes.
The fees we receive for our services under our investment advisory contracts are based on AUM, which changes based on the value of securities held under each advisory contract. These fees are thereby constrained and represent variable consideration, and they are excluded from revenue until the AUM on which our client is billed is no longer subject to market fluctuations.
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The Company also provides services to Unified Managed Account ("UMA") programs in which the Company provides its strategy model portfolio to the sponsor of the UMA. The Company is paid a portion of the UMA fee for its services by the program sponsor at a pre-determined rate based on assets in the program. UMA program revenue was $0.7 million and $0.5 million, for the three months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively, and $1.9 million and $1.3 million, for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively. UMA program revenue is included in investment advisory fees in the consolidated statements of income.
Revenue Recognition – Variable Rate Fees
The Company manages certain client accounts that provide for variable rate fees. These fees are calculated based on client investment results over rolling five-year periods. The Company records variable rate fees at the end of the contract measurement period because the variable fees earned are constrained based on movements in the financial markets. The Company did not record any variable rate fees during any of the three- or nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 or September 30, 2019. The table below shows AUM subject to variable rate fees and the amount of variable rate fees that would be recognized based upon investment results as of September 30, 2020:
As of September 30, 2020
  AUM subject to variable rate fees Unearned variable rate fees
Contractual Period Ending:
Quarter Ending December 31, 2020 $ 61,439,470  $ 470,319 
Quarter Ending September 30, 2021 294,745,586  8,583,508 
Total $ 356,185,056  $ 9,053,827 
The contractual end dates highlight the time remaining until the variable rate fees are scheduled to be earned. The amount of variable rate fees that would be recognized based upon investment results as of September 30, 2020, will increase or decrease based on future client investment results through the end of the contractual period. The Company cannot assure that it will earn the unearned amounts set forth above.
Revenue Recognition – Mutual Fund Administration
DHCM has an administrative and transfer agency services agreement with the Funds under which DHCM performs certain services for each Fund. These services include performance obligations such as mutual fund administration, fund accounting, transfer agency, and other related functions. These services are performed concurrently under DHCM's agreement with the Funds, all performance obligations to provide these administrative services are satisfied over time, and the Company recognizes the related revenue as time progresses. Each Fund pays DHCM a fee for performing these services , which is calculated using an annual rate times the average daily net assets of each respective Fund share class. These fees are thereby constrained and represent variable consideration, and they are excluded from revenue until the AUM on which DHCM bills the Funds is no longer subject to market fluctuations.
The Funds have selected and contractually engaged certain vendors to fulfill various services to benefit the Funds’ shareholders or to satisfy regulatory requirements of the Funds. These services include, among others, required shareholder mailings, federal and state registrations, and legal and audit services. DHCM, in fulfilling a portion of its role under the administration agreement with the Funds, acts as agent and pays for these services on behalf of the Funds. Each vendor is independently responsible for fulfillment of the services it has been engaged to provide and negotiates its fees and terms directly with the management and board of trustees of the Funds. Each year, the Funds' board of trustees reviews the fee that each Fund pays to DHCM, and specifically takes into account the contractual expenses that DHCM pays on behalf of the Funds. As a result, DHCM is not involved in the delivery or pricing of these services, and bears no risk related to these services. Revenue has been recorded net of these Fund-related expenses. In addition, DHCM advances the upfront commissions that are paid to brokers who sell Class C shares of the Funds. These advances are capitalized and amortized over 12 months to correspond with the repayments DHCM receives from the principal underwriter to recoup this commission advancement.
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Mutual fund administration gross and net revenue are summarized below:
  Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Mutual fund administration:
Administration revenue, gross $ 5,571,022  $ 5,677,414  $ 16,144,295  $ 16,599,581 
Fund related expense (3,766,667) (3,589,273) (11,028,882) (10,430,419)
Revenue, net of related expenses 1,804,355  2,088,141  5,115,413  6,169,162 
C-Share financing:
Broker commission advance repayments 60,634  57,908  190,993  176,901 
Broker commission amortization (51,886) (51,778) (175,302) (150,791)
Financing activity, net 8,748  6,130  15,691  26,110 
Mutual fund administration revenue, net $ 1,813,103  $ 2,094,271  $ 5,131,104  $ 6,195,272 
Income Taxes
The Company accounts for current and deferred income taxes through an asset and liability approach. Deferred tax assets are recognized for deductible temporary differences, and deferred tax liabilities are recognized for taxable temporary differences. Deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are adjusted for the effects of changes in tax laws and rates on the date of enactment.
The Company is subject to examination by federal and applicable state and local jurisdictions for various tax periods. The Company’s income tax positions are based on research and interpretations of the income tax laws and rulings in each of the jurisdictions in which it does business. Due to the subjectivity of interpretations of laws and rulings in each jurisdiction, the differences and interplay in tax laws among those jurisdictions, and the inherent uncertainty in estimating the final resolution of complex tax audit matters, the Company’s estimates of income tax liabilities may differ from actual payments or assessments. The Company regularly assesses its positions with regard to tax exposures and records liabilities for these uncertain tax positions and related interest and penalties, if any, according to the principles of Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 740, Income Taxes. The Company records interest and penalties within income tax expense on the income statement. See Note 8.

On March 27, 2020, H.R. 748, the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security Act (the "CARES Act”) was signed into legislation, which includes various tax provisions.  The CARES Act did not have an impact on the Company's consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Per Share
Basic earnings per share (“EPS”) excludes dilution and is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding for the period, which includes unvested restricted shares. Diluted EPS reflects the dilutive effect of outstanding and unvested restricted stock units, if any. See Note 9.
Recently Adopted Accounting Guidance
In August 2018, FASB issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") No. 2018-13, “Fair Value Measurements.” This update makes certain revisions to existing disclosure requirements for fair value measurement. ASU No. 2018-13 does not change fair value measurements already required or permitted by existing standards. ASU No. 2018-13 is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019, and interim periods within those fiscal years. The Company adopted this guidance on January 1, 2020 without any impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

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Note 3 Investments
The following table summarizes the carrying value of the Company's investments as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019:
As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Fair value investments:
Securities held in Consolidated Funds(a)
$ 28,035,352  $ 36,248,360 
Company sponsored investments 25,997,804  42,039,044 
Company sponsored equity method investments 62,400,320  61,149,774 
Total Investments $ 116,433,476  $ 139,437,178 
(a) Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of September 30, 2020, the Company directly held $19.9 million and noncontrolling shareholders held $8.2 million. Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of December 31, 2019, the Company directly held $21.1 million and noncontrolling shareholders held $15.1 million.
The components of net investment income (loss) are as follows:
Three Months Ended September 30, Nine Months Ended September 30,
2020 2019 2020 2019
Realized gains (losses) $ 512,265  $ 194,373  $ (1,231,163) $ 5,280,172 
Unrealized gains (losses) 4,040,917  1,089,398  (6,478,411) 11,489,980 
Dividends 518,472  1,559,836  1,983,423  5,808,218 
Interest —  —  —  987,418 
Other investment income (loss) (18,860) (20,660) (56,523) 61,631 
Investment income (loss), net $ 5,052,794  $ 2,822,947  $ (5,782,674) $ 23,627,419 
Company Sponsored Equity Method Investments
As of September 30, 2020, the Company's equity method investments consisted of the Diamond Hill Research Opportunities Fund and the Diamond Hill Core Bond Fund, and the Company's ownership percentages in these investments were 45% and 20%, respectively.
The following table includes the condensed summary financial information from the Company's equity method investments as of and for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020:
As of
September 30, 2020
Total assets $ 298,978,334 
Total liabilities 30,049,442 
Net assets 268,928,892 
DHCM's portion of net assets $ 62,400,320 
For the Three Months Ended For the Nine Months Ended
September 30, 2020 September 30, 2020
Investment income $ 1,576,219  $ 4,246,021 
Expenses 393,499  1,114,278 
Net realized gains (losses) 1,789,682  (1,577,639)
Net unrealized appreciation 2,294,163  2,289,667 
Net income 5,266,565  3,843,771 
DHCM's portion of net income $ 1,523,452  $ 1,807,279 
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Note 4 Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines the fair value of its cash equivalents and certain investments using the following broad levels listed below:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted prices for identical instruments in active markets.
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in markets that are not active; and model-driven valuations in which all significant inputs are observable.
Level 3 - Valuations derived from techniques in which significant inputs are unobservable. We do not value any investments using Level 3 inputs.
These levels are not necessarily indicative of the risk or liquidity associated with investments.
The following table summarizes investments that are recognized in our consolidated balance sheet using fair value measurements (excluding investments classified as equity method investments) determined based upon the differing levels as of September 30, 2020:
Level 1 Level 2 Level 3 Total
Cash equivalents (money market mutual funds) $ 115,294,424  $ —  $ —  $ 115,294,424 
Fair value investments:
     Securities held in Consolidated Funds(a)
13,487,667  14,547,685  —  $ 28,035,352 
     Company sponsored investments 25,997,804  —  —  $ 25,997,804 
(a) Of the securities held in the Consolidated Funds as of September 30, 2020, the Company directly held $19.9 million and noncontrolling shareholders held $8.2 million.
The Company determines transfers between fair value hierarchy levels at the end of the reporting period. There were no transfers in or out of the levels during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Changes to fair values of the investments are recorded in the Company’s consolidated statements of income as investment income (loss), net.
Note 5 Line of Credit
The Company has a committed Line of Credit Agreement (the "Credit Agreement") with a commercial bank that matures on December 25, 2020, which permits the Company to borrow up to $25.0 million. Borrowings under the Credit Agreement bear interest at a rate equal to LIBOR plus 1.00%. The Company pays a commitment fee on the unused portion of the facility, accruing at a rate per annum of 0.10%.
The Company has never borrowed funds under the Credit Agreement.
The proceeds of the Credit Agreement may be used by the Company and its subsidiaries for ongoing working capital needs, to seed new and existing investment strategies, and for other general corporate purposes. The Credit Agreement contains customary representations, warranties and covenants.
Note 6 Compensation Plans
Share-Based Payment Transactions
The Company issues restricted stock awards under the 2014 Equity and Cash Incentive Plan (the "2014 Plan"). Restricted stock awards represent common shares issued and outstanding upon grant subject to vesting restrictions. The following table represents a roll-forward of outstanding restricted stock and related activity during the nine months ended September 30, 2020:
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Shares Weighted-Average
Grant Date Price
per Share
Outstanding restricted stock as of December 31, 2019 227,844  $ 175.49 
Grants issued 18,749  109.25 
Grants vested (41,700) 155.40 
Grants forfeited (15,325) 186.02 
Total outstanding restricted stock as of September 30, 2020 189,568  $ 174.82 
As of September 30, 2020, 222,753 common shares remained available for awards under the 2014 Plan.
Total deferred equity compensation related to unvested restricted stock was $15.7 million as of September 30, 2020. Compensation expense related to restricted stock is calculated based upon the fair market value of the common shares on the applicable grant date. The Company's policy is to adjust compensation expense for forfeitures as they occur. The recognition of compensation expense related to deferred compensation over the remaining vesting periods is as follows:
Three Months 
 Remaining In
           
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
$ 1,464,321  $ 5,242,920  $ 4,282,359  $ 2,309,526  $ 1,211,071  $ 1,225,389  $ 15,735,586 
Stock Grant Transactions
The following table represents common shares issued as part of the Company's incentive compensation program during the nine-month period ended September 30, 2020, and 2019:
Shares Issued Grant Date Value
September 30, 2020 23,640  $ 3,396,359 
September 30, 2019 24,048  $ 3,655,296 
Deferred Compensation Plans
The Company offers two deferred compensation plans, the Diamond Hill Fixed Term Deferred Compensation Plan and the Diamond Hill Variable Term Deferred Compensation Plan (collectively, the “Plans”). Under the Plans, participants may elect to voluntarily defer, for a minimum of five years, certain incentive compensation,that the Company then contributes into the Plans. Participants are responsible for designating investment options for the assets they contribute, and the distribution paid to each participant reflects any gains or losses on the assets realized in connection with the Plans. Assets held in the Plans are included in the Company’s investment portfolio, and the associated obligation to participants is included in deferred compensation liability. Deferred compensation liability was $28.7 million and $30.3 million as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively.
Note 7 Operating Lease
The Company currently leases office space of approximately 37,829 square feet at one location.
As of September 30, 2020, the carrying value of this right-of use asset, which is included in property and equipment, net of deferred rent on the consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $2.2 million. As of September 30, 2020, the carrying value of the lease liability, which is included in accounts payable and accrued expenses on the consolidated balance sheets, was approximately $2.7 million.
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The following table summarizes the total lease and operating expenses for the three- and nine-month periods ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
September 30,
2020
September 30,
2019
Three Months Ended $ 241,050  $ 239,838 
Nine Months Ended $ 706,538  $ 731,366 
The approximate future minimum lease payments under the operating lease are as follows:
Future Minimum Lease Payments
Three Months 
 Remaining In
       
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 Thereafter Total
$ 156,045  $ 624,179  $ 624,179  $ 624,179  $ 624,179  $ 156,045  $ 2,808,806 
Note 8 Income Taxes
The Company has determined its interim tax provision projecting an estimated annual effective tax rate.
A reconciliation of the statutory federal tax rate to the Company’s effective income tax rate is as follows:
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
2020 2019
   Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate 21.0  % 21.0  %
   State and local income taxes, net of federal benefit 4.3  % 4.0  %
   Internal revenue code section 162 limitations 1.3  % 0.6  %
   Other 1.4  % 0.1  %
Unconsolidated effective income tax rate 28.0  % 25.7  %
   Impact attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests(a)
1.8  % (1.6) %
Effective income tax rate 29.8  % 24.1  %
(a) The provision for income taxes includes the impact of the operations of the Consolidated Funds, which are not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly, a portion of the Company’s earnings are not subject to corporate tax levels.
Absent the impact attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interests, the estimated unconsolidated effective income tax rate would have been 28.0%. The Company's actual effective tax rate for fiscal 2020 could be materially different from the projected rate as of September 30, 2020.
The net temporary differences incurred to date will reverse in future periods as the Company generates taxable earnings. The Company believes it is more likely than not that the results of future operations will generate sufficient taxable income to realize the net deferred tax assets recorded. The Company records a valuation allowance when it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. As of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, no valuation allowance was deemed necessary.
FASB ASC 740, Income Taxes, prescribes a recognition threshold and measurement attribute for the financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return, and also provides guidance on derecognition, classification, interest and penalties, accounting in interim periods, disclosure and transition.  The Company recognizes tax benefits related to positions taken, or expected to be taken, on its tax returns, only if the positions are "more-likely-than-not" sustainable. Once this threshold has been met, the Company’s measurement of its expected tax benefits is recognized in its financial statements. The Company did not record an accrual for tax related uncertainties or unrecognized tax positions as of September 30, 2020 or December 31, 2019.
The Company did not recognize any interest and penalties during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
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Note 9 Earnings Per Share
The Company’s common shares outstanding consist of all shares issued and outstanding, including unvested restricted shares. Basic and diluted EPS are calculated under the two-class method. Restricted stock units are considered dilutive, although there were no restricted stock units outstanding at any time during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The following table sets forth the computation for basic and diluted EPS and reconciliation between basic and diluted shares outstanding:
  Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
  2020 2019 2020 2019
Net Income $ 11,140,583  $ 11,516,637  $ 22,250,694  $ 45,230,053 
Less: Net loss (income) attributable to redeemable noncontrolling interest (575,068) (99,177) 2,045,619  (3,684,799)
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 10,565,515  $ 11,417,460  $ 24,296,313  $ 41,545,254 
Weighted average number of outstanding shares - Basic 3,200,957  3,411,632  3,231,452  3,460,959 
Dilutive impact of restricted stock units —  —  —  200 
Weighted average number of outstanding shares - Diluted 3,200,957  3,411,632  3,231,452  3,461,159 
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders
Basic $ 3.30  $ 3.35  $ 7.52  $ 12.00 
Diluted $ 3.30  $ 3.35  $ 7.52  $ 12.00 
Note 10 Commitments and Contingencies
The Company indemnifies its directors, officers and certain employees for certain liabilities that may arise from performance of their duties to the Company. From time to time, the Company is involved in legal matters relating to claims arising in the ordinary course of business. There are currently no such matters pending that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.
Additionally, in the normal course of business, the Company enters into agreements that contain a variety of representations and warranties and that provide general indemnification obligations. Certain agreements do not contain any limits on the Company’s liability and could involve future claims that may be made against the Company that have not yet occurred. Therefore, it is not possible to estimate the Company’s potential liability under these indemnities. Further, the Company maintains insurance policies that may provide coverage against certain of these liabilities.
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Note 11 Subsequent Event
On October 27, 2020, the Company’s board of directors approved a special cash dividend of $12.00 per share payable December 4, 2020, to shareholders of record as of November 25, 2020. This dividend will reduce shareholders' equity by approximately $38.0 million.
On October 27, 2020, the Company's board of directors also approved the initiation of a regular quarterly dividend beginning the first of quarter 2021. Subject to approval each quarter by the Company's board of directors and compliance with applicable law, the Company expects to pay a regular quarterly dividend of $1.00 per share. Going forward, at the end of each year, the Company's board of directors will decide whether to pay an additional special dividend. Although the Company currently expects to pay the aforementioned dividends, depending on the circumstances and the board of director's judgment, the Company may not pay such dividends as described, or at all.


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ITEM 2: Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-looking Statements
Throughout this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and other publicly available documents, including the documents incorporated herein by reference, the Company may make forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "Securities Act"), and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), relating to such matters as anticipated operating results, prospects and levels of assets under management, technological developments, economic trends (including interest rates and market volatility), expected transactions and similar matters. The words “believe,” “expect,” “anticipate,” “estimate,” "may," "will," "likely," "project," “should,” “hope,” “seek,” “plan,” “intend” and similar expressions identify forward-looking statements that speak only as of the date thereof. While we believe that the assumptions underlying our forward-looking statements are reasonable, investors are cautioned that any of the assumptions could prove to be inaccurate and, accordingly, actual results and experiences could differ materially from the anticipated results or other expectations expressed in our forward-looking statements. Factors that could cause such actual results or experiences to differ from results discussed in the forward-looking statements include, but are not limited to: the adverse effect from a decline in the securities markets; the effect of national, regional and global economic conditions generally, including the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken in connection therewith; political uncertainty caused by, among other things, political parties, economic nationalist sentiments, tensions surrounding the current socioeconomic landscape, and the 2020 U.S. Presidential election; a decline in the performance of our products; changes in interest rates; changes in national and local economic and political conditions; the continuing economic uncertainty in various parts of the world; changes in government policy and regulation, including monetary policy; our inability to attract or retain key employees; unforeseen costs and other effects related to legal proceedings or investigations of governmental and self-regulatory organizations; and other risks identified from time-to-time in other public documents on file with the SEC.
General
The Company derives consolidated revenue and net income from investment advisory and fund administration services provided by DHCM. DHCM is registered with the SEC as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 as amended. DHCM sponsors, distributes, and provides investment advisory and related services to various clients through the Funds. The Company also provides investment advisory services to separately managed accounts and provides sub-advisory services to other mutual funds.
The Company’s primary objective is to fulfill its fiduciary duty to its clients. Our secondary objective is to increase the intrinsic value of the Company in order to achieve an adequate long-term return for our shareholders.
In March 2020, the World Health Organization categorized COVID-19 as a pandemic, and it continues to spread throughout the United States and the world.  To limit the spread of COVID-19, governments have continued to take various actions, including extending travel bans and social distancing guidelines, which has caused some businesses to have prolonged suspensions of their operations, disrupted the global supply chain, and created a reduction in demand for many products.  This has affected the global financial markets and has caused significant financial market volatility, which could impact our AUM, the revenue derived from AUM, the returns on corporate investments, our liquidity, our capital resources, and our results of operations.
The pandemic and the related responses to COVID-19 could continue to affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. However, at this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the full impact, given the uncertainty surrounding the duration and severity of the pandemic and its related economic impact.
Assets Under Management
We derive revenue primarily from investment advisory and administration fees. Investment advisory and administration fees paid to the Company are generally based on the value of the investment portfolios we manage and fluctuate with changes in the total value of our AUM. Fees are recognized in the period that the Company manages these assets.
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Our revenue is highly dependent on both the value and composition of AUM. The following is a summary of our AUM by product and investment objective, as well as a roll-forward of the change in AUM, for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019:
Assets Under Management
As of September 30,
(in millions, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Proprietary funds $ 14,761  $ 15,320  (4) %
Sub-advised funds 2,750  1,850  49  %
Separately managed accounts 4,772  5,033  (5) %
Total AUM $ 22,283  $ 22,203  —  %
Assets Under Management
by Investment Strategy
As of September 30,
(in millions, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Small Cap $ 478  $ 793  (40) %
Small-Mid Cap 2,366  3,081  (23) %
Mid Cap 858  480  79  %
Large Cap 12,650  11,609  %
All Cap Select 365  505  (28) %
Long-Short 1,960  3,582  (45) %
Global/International 28  29  (3) %
  Total Equity 18,705  20,079  (7) %
Short Duration Securitized 1,023  738  39  %
Core Fixed Income 434  294  48  %
Long Duration Treasury 70  54  30  %
Corporate Credit 1,571  1,074  46  %
High Yield 546  123  344  %
  Total Fixed Income 3,644  2,283  60  %
  Total Equity and Fixed Income 22,349  22,362  —  %
  (Less: Investments in affiliated funds)(a)
(66) (159) (58) %
Total AUM $ 22,283  $ 22,203  —  %
(a) Certain of the Funds own shares of the Diamond Hill Short Duration Securitized Bond Fund. The Company reduces the total AUM by these investments held in this affiliated fund.
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Change in Assets
Under Management
For the For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019
AUM at beginning of the period $ 20,645  $ 21,612 
Net cash inflows (outflows)
proprietary funds 56  327 
sub-advised funds 71  50 
separately managed accounts (29) (45)
98  332 
Net market appreciation and income 1,540  259 
Increase during the period 1,638  591 
AUM at end of the period $ 22,283  $ 22,203 
Average AUM during the period $ 22,038  $ 21,822 
  Change in Assets
Under Management
  For the Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019
AUM at beginning of the period $ 23,399  $ 19,108 
Net cash inflows (outflows)
proprietary funds (488)
sub-advised funds 762  185 
separately managed accounts (191) (216)
580  (519)
Net market appreciation (depreciation) and income (1,696) 3,614 
Increase (decrease) during the period (1,116) 3,095 
AUM at end of the period $ 22,283  $ 22,203 
Average AUM during the period $ 21,056  $ 21,182 
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Net Cash Inflows (Outflows) Further Breakdown
For the Three Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019
Net cash inflows (outflows)
Equity $ (348) $ 72 
Fixed Income 446  260 
$ 98  $ 332 
Net Cash Inflows (Outflows) Further Breakdown
For the Nine Months Ended September 30,
(in millions) 2020 2019
Net cash inflows (outflows)
Equity (540) (1,158)
Fixed Income 1,120  639 
580  (519)
AUM increased $1.6 billion during the three months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to the continued rebound in the financial markets during the period. Our equity strategies experienced net outflows and our fixed income strategy experienced net inflows during the period. In our equity strategies, net inflows of $125 million in our Large Cap strategy were more than offset by net outflows of $474 million in our other equity strategies. Each of our fixed income strategies had net inflows during the three months ended September 30, 2020, totaling $446 million.
AUM decreased $1.1 billion during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, due primarily to the decline in the financial markets in the first quarter of 2020, which was partially offset by the market rebound during the second and third quarters and by net cash inflows during the period. Our equity strategies experienced net outflows during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and our fixed income strategies experienced net inflows during the period. Flows in our equity strategies were largely driven by our Mid Cap and Large Cap strategies, which experienced combined net inflows of $1.1 billion. These net inflows were more than offset by net outflows from our Long-Short, All Cap Select, Small-Mid, and Small Cap strategies totaling approximately $1.7 billion. Each of our fixed income strategies had net positive flows during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, totaling $1.1 billion.
UMA Programs
The Company provides a strategy model portfolio to sponsors of UMA programs. We do not have discretionary investment authority over individual client accounts in UMA programs, and these assets are not included in our AUM. The Company provides an updated strategy model portfolio to the UMA program sponsors on a periodic basis and is paid for services by the program sponsor at a pre-determined rate based on the amount of assets in the program. Assets in the UMA programs for which we provide strategy model portfolios were $1.0 billion as of September 30, 2020, and $0.9 billion as of December 31, 2019.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following is a table and discussion of our consolidated results of operations.
  Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except per share amounts and percentages) 2020 2019 % Change 2020 2019 % Change
Total revenue $ 31,176  $ 34,592  (10)% $ 91,350  $ 100,717  (9)%
Net operating income $ 9,970  $ 12,757  (22)% $ 37,462  $ 35,970  4%
Net operating income, as adjusted(a)
$ 11,931  $ 13,114  (9)% $ 35,093  $ 40,022  (12)%
Investment income (loss), net $ 5,053  $ 2,823  79% $ (5,783) $ 23,627  (124)%
Net income attributable to common shareholders $ 10,566  $ 11,417  (7)% $ 24,296  $ 41,545  (42)%
Earnings per share attributable to common shareholders (diluted) $ 3.30  $ 3.35  (1)% $ 7.52  $ 12.00  (37)%
Operating profit margin 32  % 37  % 41  % 36  %
Operating profit margin, as adjusted(a)
38  % 38  % 38  % 40  %
(a) Net operating income, as adjusted, and operating profit margin, as adjusted, are non-GAAP performance measurements. See the "Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure" section within this report.
Summary Discussion of Consolidated Results of Operations - Three Months Ended September 30, 2020, compared with Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating results for the three months ended September 30, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal 2020, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing effect on the U.S. and global economies. The pandemic and the related responses to COVID-19 could continue to affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. However, at this time, we cannot reasonably estimate the full impact, given the uncertainty surrounding the duration and severity of the pandemic and its related economic impacts.
Revenue for the three months ended September 30, 2020, decreased $3.4 million compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to a decrease in the average advisory fee rate from 0.59% to 0.53% quarter-over-quarter partially offset by a 1% increase in average AUM. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was driven by an increase in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies.
Operating profit margin was 32% for the three months ended September 30, 2020, and 37% for the three months ended September 30, 2019. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, was 38% for both the three months ended September 30, 2020, and for the same period in 2019. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, excludes deferred compensation expense (benefit) from operating income because it is offset by an equal amount in investment income below net operating income on the income statement and thus has no effect on net income attributable to the Company. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps the reader to understand our core operating results and increases comparability period-to-period. See "Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure" section within this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.
We expect that our operating margin will fluctuate from period-to-period based on various factors, including revenues, investment results, employee performance, staffing levels, gains and losses on investments held in deferred compensation plans, the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and development of investment strategies, products, or channels. We compensate portfolio managers based on long-term performance, so when revenue and long-term performance are misaligned, operating margins can fluctuate materially.
The Company recognized $5.1 million in investment income due to market appreciation for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with investment income of $2.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Income tax expense decreased $0.2 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily due to a decrease in DHCM's income before taxes and a decrease in the Company's effective tax rate from 26.1% to 25.8% period-over-period.
The Company generated net income attributable to common shareholders of $10.6 million ($3.30 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $11.4 million ($3.35 per diluted share) for the three months ended September 30, 2019, primarily due to decreased revenues, which was partially offset by an increase in investment income.
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Revenue
Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Investment advisory $ 29,363  $ 32,498  (10) %
Mutual fund administration, net 1,813  2,094  (13) %
Total $ 31,176  $ 34,592  (10) %
Investment Advisory Fees. Investment advisory fees decreased $3.1 million, or 10%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019 to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Investment advisory fees are calculated as a percentage of the market value of client accounts at contractual fee rates, which vary by investment product. The decrease in investment advisory fees was primarily due to a decrease in the average advisory fee rate from 0.59% to 0.53% quarter-over-quarter, partially offset by an increase of 1% in average AUM. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was driven by an increase in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies during the three months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2019.
Mutual Fund Administration Fees. Mutual fund administration fees decreased $0.3 million, or 13%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019 to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Mutual fund administration fees include administration fees received from the Funds, which are calculated as a percentage of the Funds' average AUM. This decrease was primarily due to a $0.2 million increase in sub-transfer agent and servicing fees paid by the Company on behalf of the Funds as well as a 2% decrease in the Funds' average AUM from the three months ended September 30, 2019 to the three months ended September 30, 2020.

Expenses
Three Months Ended September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Compensation and related costs, excluding deferred compensation expense $ 13,704  $ 15,714  (13) %
Deferred compensation expense 1,961  357  449  %
General and administrative 3,096  3,543  (13) %
Sales and marketing 1,581  1,443  10  %
Mutual fund administration 864  779  11  %
Total $ 21,206  $ 21,836  (3) %
Compensation and Related Costs, Excluding Deferred Compensation Expense. Employee compensation and benefits decreased by $2.0 million, or 13%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in accrued incentive compensation of $2.0 million. Incentive compensation expense can fluctuate significantly period-over-period as we evaluate investment performance, individual performance, Company performance and other factors.
Deferred Compensation Expense. Deferred compensation expense was $2.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2020 compared to an expense of $0.4 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019, due to market appreciation on our deferred compensation plan investments.
The gain on deferred compensation plan investments increases deferred compensation expense and is included in operating income. Deferred compensation expense is offset by an equal amount in investment income below net operating income on the consolidated statements of income, and thus has no impact on net income attributable to the Company.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expenses decreased by $0.4 million, or 13%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019 to the three months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was due primarily to a decrease in corporate recruiting fees of $0.3 million and reduced travel expense of $0.1 million.
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Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expenses increased by $0.1 million from the three months ended September 30, 2019, to the three months ended September 30, 2020. The increase was primarily due to $0.2 million in increased spending related to distribution technology, which was partially offset by a reduction in sales and marketing travel and related expense of $0.1 million.
Mutual Fund Administration. Mutual fund administration expenses increased by $0.1 million, or 11%, from the three months ended September 30, 2019, compared to the three months ended September 30, 2020. Mutual fund administration expenses consist of both variable and fixed expenses. The variable expenses are based on Fund AUM and the number of shareholder accounts.
Summary Discussion of Consolidated Results of Operations - Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020, compared with Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
Operating results for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for fiscal 2020, particularly in light of the COVID-19 pandemic and its continuing effect on the U.S. and global economies. The pandemic and the related responses to COVID-19 could continue to affect our results of operations, cash flows and financial position. However, at this time we cannot reasonably estimate the full impact, given the uncertainty surrounding the duration and severity of the pandemic and its related economic impacts.
Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, decreased $9.4 million, compared to revenue for the same period in 2019, primarily due to a decrease in the average advisory fee rate from 0.60% to 0.55% and a decrease in average AUM of 1% period-over-period. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was primarily driven by an increase in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019.
Operating profit margin was 41% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 36% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, was 38% for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and 40% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Operating profit margin, as adjusted, excludes deferred compensation expense (benefit) from operating income because it is offset by an equal amount in investment income below net operating income on the income statement and thus has no effect on net income attributable to the Company. We believe this non-GAAP measure helps the reader to understand our core operating results and increases comparability period-to-period. See "Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure" section within this report.
We expect that our operating margin will fluctuate from period to period based on various factors, including revenues, investment results, employee performance, staffing levels, gains and losses on investments held in deferred compensation plans, the continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, and development of investment strategies, products, or channels. We compensate portfolio managers based on long-term performance, so when revenue and long-term performance are misaligned, operating margins can fluctuate materially.
The Company had $5.8 million in losses on investments because of market depreciation for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with investment income of $23.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The COVID-19 pandemic negatively affected market valuations during the nine months ended September 30, 2020.
Income tax expense decreased $4.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The decrease in income tax expense was primarily due to the decrease in DHCM's income before taxes, which was largely attributable to the investment losses incurred during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The provision for income taxes includes the effect of the operations of the Consolidated Funds that are not subject to federal income taxes. Accordingly, a portion of the Company's earnings are not subject to corporate tax levels. The effective tax rate of 29.8% differed from the federal statutory tax rate of 21% due primarily to state and local taxes, a tax deficit of $0.6 million recorded upon vesting of restricted stock and the impact of redeemable noncontrolling interests. Absent the effect of redeemable noncontrolling interests, the estimated unconsolidated effective tax rate would have been 28.0%. The actual effective tax rate for fiscal year 2020 could be materially different from the projected rate as of September 30, 2020.
The Company generated net income attributable to common shareholders of $24.3 million ($7.52 per diluted share) for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared with net income attributable to common shareholders of $41.5 million ($12.00 per diluted share) for the same period in 2019. The decrease in net income and earnings per diluted share was primarily driven by the losses on investments during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, as compared to the significant gains on investments in 2019.
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Revenue
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Investment advisory $ 86,219  $ 94,521  (9) %
Mutual fund administration, net 5,131  6,196  (17) %
Total $ 91,350  $ 100,717  (9) %
Investment Advisory Fees. Investment advisory fees decreased $8.3 million, or 9%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Investment advisory fees are calculated as a percentage of the market value of client accounts at contractual fee rates, which vary by investment product. The decrease in investment advisory fees was primarily due to a decrease in the average advisory fee rate from 0.60% to 0.55% and a decrease in average AUM of 1% period-over-period. The decrease in average advisory fee rate was driven by an increase in the mix of assets held in lower fee rate strategies during the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to the same period in 2019.
Mutual Fund Administration Fees. Mutual fund administration fees decreased $1.1 million, or 17%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Mutual fund administration fees include administration fees received from the Funds, which are calculated as a percentage of the Funds' average AUM. The decrease was primarily due to a 2% decrease in the Funds' average AUM from the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, and an increase in sub-transfer agent and servicing fees paid by the Company on behalf of the Funds.
Expenses
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages) 2020 2019 % Change
Compensation and related costs, excluding deferred compensation expense $ 41,679  $ 43,614  (4) %
Deferred compensation expense (benefit) (2,369) 4,052  NM
General and administrative 7,925  10,331  (23) %
Sales and marketing 4,186  4,261  (2) %
Mutual fund administration 2,467  2,489  (1) %
Total $ 53,888  $ 64,747  (17) %
Compensation and Related Costs, Excluding Deferred Compensation Expense (Benefit). Employee compensation and benefits decreased by $1.9 million from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a decrease in salary and related benefits, including severance, of $0.9 million, a decrease in restricted stock expense of $0.7 million and a decrease in incentive compensation of $0.3 million.
Deferred Compensation Expense (Benefit). Deferred compensation benefit was $2.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020, compared to expense of $4.1 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. The benefit in the current period was primarily due to market depreciation on deferred compensation plan investments.
The gain (loss) on deferred compensation plan investments increases (decreases) deferred compensation expense (benefit) and is included in operating income. Deferred compensation expense is offset by an equal amount in investment income below net operating income on the consolidated statements of income, and thus has no impact on net income attributable to the Company.
General and Administrative. General and administrative expense decreased by $2.4 million, or 23%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. This decrease was primarily due to a non-recurring $1.1 million refund received in 2020 related to our Ohio commercial activity tax, which is a gross receipts tax and therefore, is not included in income taxes. The decrease was also due to a decrease in corporate recruiting fees of $0.8 million and a reduction in travel and related expenses period-over-period.
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Sales and Marketing. Sales and marketing expense decreased by $0.1 million, or 2%, from the nine months ended September 30, 2019, to the nine months ended September 30, 2020. The decrease was primarily due a reduction in sales and marketing travel and related expense of $0.6 million. This reduction was partially offset by increased spending related to our customer relationship management system and related external data costs of $0.5 million.
Mutual Fund Administration. Mutual fund administration expenses declined 1% from the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2020, primarily due to the 2% decrease in average mutual fund AUM. Mutual fund administration expense consists of both variable and fixed expenses. The variable expenses are based on Fund AUM levels and the number of shareholder accounts.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Sources of Liquidity
Our current financial condition is liquid, with a significant amount of our assets comprised of cash and cash equivalents, investments, accounts receivable, and other current assets. Our main source of liquidity is cash flows from operating activities, which are generated from investment advisory and mutual fund administration fees. Cash and cash equivalents, investments held directly by DHCM, accounts receivable, and other current assets represented $216.2 million and $211.0 million of total assets as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019, respectively. We believe that these sources of liquidity, as well as our continuing cash flows from operating activities, will be sufficient to meet our current and future operating needs for the next 12 months.
The COVID-19 pandemic could continue to create uncertainty and volatility in the financial markets, which may impact our ability to access capital and liquidity, and the terms under which we can do so.  We will continue to assess our liquidity needs as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the economy, the financial markets, and our operations continues to evolve.
Uses of Liquidity
In line with the Company’s primary objective to fulfill our fiduciary duty to clients and our secondary objective to achieve an adequate long-term return for shareholders, we anticipate that our main uses of cash will be for operating expenses and seed capital to fund new and existing investment strategies.
Our board of directors and management regularly review various factors to determine whether we have capital in excess of that required for our business and the appropriate use of any such excess capital. The factors considered include our investment opportunities, capital needed for investment strategies, and share repurchase opportunities.
In September 2018, our board of directors approved a share repurchase program (the "2018 Repurchase Program") authorizing the purchase of up to $50.0 million of the Company's common shares. Under the 2018 Repurchase Program, the Company repurchased $4.0 million of its common shares during the first two months of 2020 which amounted to the $50.0 million authorized.
On February 27, 2020, the board of directors approved a new share repurchase program (the "2020 Repurchase Program") authorizing management to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company's common shares. Under the 2020 Repurchase Program, the Company repurchased $14.6 million of its common shares during the nine months ended September 30, 2020. As of September 30, 2020, $35.4 million remains available for repurchase under the 2020 Repurchase Program. The authority to repurchase shares may be exercised from time to time as market conditions warrant, is subject to regulatory constraints, and will expire two years from the date of board approval, or upon the earlier repurchase in full of the authorized amount of shares. The timing, amount and other terms and conditions of any repurchases will be determined by the Company's management in its discretion based on a variety of factors, including the market price of such shares, corporate considerations, general market and economic conditions, legal requirements, and the expected and continued impact of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Working Capital
As of September 30, 2020, the Company had working capital of approximately $190.0 million, compared to $176.7 million as of December 31, 2019. Working capital includes cash and cash equivalents, accounts receivable, investments, and other current assets of DHCM, net of accounts payable and accrued expenses, accrued incentive compensation, deferred compensation and other current liabilities of DHCM.
Below is a summary of securities owned by the Company as of September 30, 2020 and December 31, 2019.
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As of
September 30, 2020 December 31, 2019
Corporate Investments:
Diamond Hill Core Bond Fund $ 47,086,064  $ 43,691,925 
Diamond Hill Research Opportunities Fund 14,736,929  16,223,519 
Diamond Hill High Yield Fund —  14,984,548 
Diamond Hill Global Fund 9,496,795  11,073,515 
Diamond Hill International Fund 8,278,703  8,039,570 
Total Corporate Investments 79,598,491  94,013,077 
Deferred Compensation Plan Investments in the Funds 28,654,074  30,342,204 
Total investments held by DHCM 108,252,565  124,355,281 
Investments in Consolidated Funds held by noncontrolling interests 8,180,911  15,081,897 
Total Investment Portfolio $ 116,433,476  $ 139,437,178 
Cash Flow Analysis
Cash Flows from Operating Activities
The Company’s cash flows from operating activities are calculated by adjusting net income to reflect other significant operating sources and uses of cash, certain significant non-cash items (such as share-based compensation), and timing differences in the cash settlement of operating assets and liabilities. We expect that cash flows provided by operating activities will continue to serve as our primary source of working capital in the near future.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $38.2 million. Cash inflows provided by operating activities were primarily driven by net income of $22.3 million, the add back of share-based compensation of $5.7 million, depreciation of $0.8 million and the cash impact of timing differences in the settlement of assets and liabilities of $13.4 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in accrued incentive compensation of $4.0 million due to the payment of incentive compensation in the first quarter of 2020. Absent the cash used by the Consolidated Funds to purchase securities into their investment portfolios, cash flows provided by operations were $35.9 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash provided by operating activities totaled $40.1 million. Cash inflows provided by operating activities were primarily driven by net income of $45.2 million, the add back of share-based compensation of $6.7 million, depreciation of $0.9 million, and net redemptions of securities held in the underlying investment portfolios of the Consolidated Funds of $10.1 million. These cash inflows were partially offset by a decrease in accrued incentive compensation of $4.8 million, and the cash impact of other timing differences in the settlement of assets and liabilities of $18.2 million. Absent the cash used by the Consolidated Funds to purchase securities into their investment portfolios, cash flows provided by operations were $33.5 million.

Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The Company’s cash flows from investing activities consist primarily of capital expenditures and purchases and redemptions in our investment portfolio.
Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $10.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2020. Cash flows provided by investing activity were primarily driven by proceeds from the sale of investments of $24.8 million, offset by investments purchased of $12.4 million and property and equipment (capitalized software) purchased of $1.7 million.
Cash flows provided by investing activities totaled $9.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019. Cash flows provided by investing activity were primarily driven by proceeds from the sale of investments of $43.2 million. The cash inflows were partially offset by investments purchased of $11.0 million and property and equipment purchased of $0.6 million. The remaining change in reported cash flows from investing activities was attributable to $22.7 million in net cash that was removed from our balance sheet because we deconsolidated investment products during the period.

Cash Flows from Financing Activities
The Company’s cash flows from financing activities consist primarily of the repurchase of its common shares, shares withheld related to employee tax withholding, and distributions to, or contributions from, redeemable noncontrolling interest holders.
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For the nine months ended September 30, 2020, net cash used in financing activities totaled $24.3 million, consisting of repurchases of the Company’s common shares of $18.6 million, net redemptions received in the Consolidated Funds from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders of $4.1 million, and the value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding of $1.6 million.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, net cash used in financing activities totaled $15.3 million, consisting of repurchases of the Company’s common shares of $23.2 million and the value of shares withheld related to employee tax withholding of $1.0 million, which were partially offset by net subscriptions received in the Consolidated Funds from redeemable noncontrolling interest holders of $8.9 million.
Supplemental Consolidated Cash Flow Statement
Our consolidated balance sheets reflect the investments and other assets and liabilities of the Consolidated Funds, as well as redeemable noncontrolling interests for the portion of the Consolidated Funds that are held by third-party investors. Although we can redeem our net interest in the Consolidated Funds at any time, we cannot directly access or sell the assets held by the Consolidated Funds to obtain cash for general operations. Additionally, the assets of the Consolidated Funds are not available to our general creditors.
The following table summarizes the condensed cash flows for the nine months ended September 30, 2020 that are attributable to the Company and to the Consolidated Funds, and the related eliminations required in preparing the consolidated statements.
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2020
Cash flow attributable to Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. Cash flow attributable to Consolidated Funds Eliminations As reported on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows
Cash flows from Operating Activities:
Net Income (Loss) $ 24,296,313  $ (5,179,704) $ 3,134,085  $ 22,250,694 
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities:
Depreciation 750,524  —  —  750,524 
Share-based compensation 5,728,435  —  —  5,728,435 
Net (gains)/losses on investments 5,497,369  5,179,704  (3,134,085) 7,542,988 
Net change in securities held by Consolidated Funds —  3,033,304  —  3,033,304 
Other changes in assets and liabilities (345,626) (758,277) —  (1,103,903)
Net cash provided by operating activities 35,927,015  2,275,027  —  38,202,042 
Net cash provided by investing activities 8,871,693  —  1,822,061  10,693,754 
Net cash used in financing activities (20,221,289) (2,275,027) (1,822,061) (24,318,377)
Net change during the period 24,577,419  —  —  24,577,419 
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period 93,176,253  —  —  93,176,253 
Cash and cash equivalents at end of period $ 117,753,672  $ —  $ —  $ 117,753,672 
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Use of Supplemental Data as Non-GAAP Performance Measure
As supplemental information, we are providing performance measures that are based on methodologies other than GAAP (“non-GAAP”). We believe the non-GAAP measures below are useful measures of our core business activities, are important metrics in estimating the value of an asset management business, and may enable more appropriate comparisons to our peers. These non-GAAP measures should not be used as a substitute for financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP and may be calculated differently by other companies. The following schedule reconciles GAAP measures to non-GAAP measures for the three- and nine-months ended September 30, 2020 and 2019, respectively.
  Three Months Ended 
 September 30,
Nine Months Ended 
 September 30,
(in thousands, except percentages and per share data) 2020 2019 2020 2019
Total revenue $ 31,176  $ 34,592  $ 91,350  $ 100,717 
Net operating income, GAAP basis $ 9,970  $ 12,757  $ 37,462  $ 35,970 
Non-GAAP adjustment:
Gains (losses) on deferred compensation plan investments, net(1)
1,961  357  (2,369) 4,052 
Net operating income, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(2)
11,931  13,114  35,093  40,022 
Non-GAAP adjustment:
Tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(3)
(3,206) (3,442) (9,811) (10,284)
Net operating income, as adjusted, after tax, non-GAAP basis(4)
$ 8,725  $ 9,672  $ 25,282  $ 29,738 
Net operating income, as adjusted after tax per diluted share, non-GAAP basis(5)
$ 2.73  $ 2.83  $ 7.82  $ 8.59 
Diluted weighted average shares outstanding, GAAP basis 3,201  3,412  3,231  3,461 
Operating profit margin, GAAP basis 32  % 37  % 41  % 36  %
Operating profit margin, as adjusted, non-GAAP basis(6)
38  % 38  % 38  % 40  %
(1) Gains (losses) on deferred compensation plan investments, net: The gain (loss) on deferred compensation plan investments, which increases (decreases) deferred compensation expense included in operating income, is removed from operating income in the calculation because it is offset by an equal amount in investment income (loss) below net operating income on the income statement, and thus, has no impact on net income attributable to the Company.
(2) Net operating income, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure represents the Company’s net operating income adjusted to exclude the impact on compensation expense of gains and losses on investments in the deferred compensation plan.
(3) Tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure represents the tax provision, excluding the impact of investment related activity, and is calculated by applying the unconsolidated effective tax rate to net operating income, as adjusted.
(4) Net operating income, as adjusted, after tax: This non-GAAP measure deducts from the net operating income, as adjusted, the tax provision on net operating income, as adjusted.
(5) Net operating income, as adjusted after tax per diluted share: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by dividing the net operating income, as adjusted after tax, by diluted weighted average shares outstanding.
(6) Operating profit margin, as adjusted: This non-GAAP measure was calculated by dividing the net operating income, as adjusted, by total revenue.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
The Company has no off-balance sheet arrangements. We do not have any obligation under a guarantee contract, a retained or contingent interest in assets, or any similar arrangement that serves as credit, liquidity, or market risk support for such assets, or any other obligation, including a contingent obligation, under a contract that would be accounted for as a derivative instrument or arising out of a variable interest.
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Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
For a summary of the critical accounting policies important to understanding the condensed consolidated financial statements, please see Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in the condensed consolidated financial statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, and Critical Accounting Policies in Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, as well as Note 2, Significant Accounting Policies, in the 2019 Form 10-K.
ITEM 3: Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk
There has been no material change in the information provided in Item 7A of the 2019 Form 10-K.

ITEM 4: Controls and Procedures
Management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, has conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) or 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act) as of the end of the period covered by this quarterly report (the “Evaluation Date”). Based on that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer have concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act, is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms, and to ensure that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports it files or submits under the Exchange Act is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure.
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2020, that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. We continue to monitor and assess the impact, if any, that the COVID-19 pandemic and the related economic impacts could have on the design and operating effectiveness of our internal controls.

PART II: OTHER INFORMATION
 
ITEM 1: Legal Proceedings
From time to time, the Company is party to ordinary, routine litigation that is incidental to its business. There are currently no such matters pending that the Company believes could have a material adverse effect on its consolidated financial statements.

ITEM 1A: Risk Factors
There are certain risks and uncertainties in our business that could cause actual results to differ materially from those anticipated.  In “PART I – Item 1A. – Risk Factors” of our 2019 Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on February 27, 2020, and available at www.sec.gov or at www.diamond-hill.com, we included a detailed discussion of our risk factors.  Other than as noted below, our risk factors have not changed materially from those disclosed in the 2019 Form 10-K. These risk factors should be read carefully in connection with evaluating our business and in connection with the forward-looking statements and other information contained in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q.  Any of the risks described in the 2019 Form 10-K as well as any of the risks described below could materially affect our business, consolidated financial condition or future results and the actual outcome of matters as to which forward-looking statements are made. The risk factors described in the 2019 Form 10-K and the risks described below are not the only risks we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us, or that we currently deem to be immaterial, also may materially adversely affect our business, consolidated financial condition and/or future results.
The COVID-19 pandemic and other possible pandemics and similar outbreaks could result in material adverse effects on our business, financial position, results of operations and cash flows. 

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in temporary, and sometimes prolonged, closures of many corporate offices, retail stores, manufacturing facilities, and factories around the world. In addition, as COVID-19 continues to spread across the globe, supply chains worldwide have been interrupted, slowed, or rendered inoperable, and an increasing number of individuals have and may continue to become ill, quarantined, or otherwise unable to work and/or travel due to health reasons or governmental restrictions. Governmental mandates to control the outbreak may require additional forced shutdowns and limit the re-openings
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of various business facilities for extended or indefinite periods. COVID-19, and the various governmental, industry and consumer actions related to the containment thereof, are having and could continue to have negative effects on our business and risk exposure.  These effects include, without limitation, potential significant financial market volatility, decreases in the demand for our investment products, changes in consumer behavior and preferences, limitations on our employees’ ability to work and travel, potential financial and operational difficulties of vendors and suppliers, significant changes in economic or political conditions, and financial market declines or recessions that could generally negatively affect the level of our AUM and consequently our revenue and net income (loss).
The global effect of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to evolve, and it is uncertain what the effect of various legislative and other responses that have been taken and that may be taken in the future in the United States and other countries will have on the economy, financial markets, international trade, our industries, our businesses and the businesses of our clients and vendors. Many countries have reacted to the outbreak by instituting quarantines and restrictions on travel to and from, actual and potentially affected areas, and the outbreak could have a continued adverse effect on economic and market conditions and trigger a period of global economic slowdown. The potential effect on global markets of the COVID-19 pandemic is difficult to predict, and the extent that the COVID-19 pandemic may negatively affect our operating results or the duration of any potential business disruption, is uncertain. Any potential effect on our business and results of operations will depend to a large extent on future developments and new information that may emerge regarding the duration and severity of the COVID-19 pandemic and the actions taken by authorities and other entities to contain the spread of the virus, all of which are beyond our control.

In addition, the COVID-19 pandemic has significantly affected the manner in which we operate. While we have in place business continuity plans that address the potential impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on our personnel, facilities, and technologies that enable our personnel to work effectively from home, no assurance can be given that the steps we have taken will continue to be effective or appropriate. While our employees have been able to continue conducting business while working remotely for an extended period, operational challenges may arise in the future, which may reduce our organizational efficiency or effectiveness, and increase operational, compliance, and cybersecurity risks. In addition, because most of our employees have not previously worked remotely for such an extended period of time, we are unsure of the impact that the remote work environment and lack of in-person meetings with colleagues, clients, and business partners will have on the growth of our business and the results of our operations. Many of our key service providers also have transitioned to working remotely for an extended period of time. If we or they were to experience material disruptions in the ability of our or their employees to work remotely (e.g., from illness due to the COVID-19 pandemic or disruption in internet-based communication systems and networks), our ability to operate our business could be materially adversely disrupted. Any such material adverse disruptions to our business operations could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations, cash flows, financial condition, and/or reputation.

ITEM 2: Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds
During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company did not sell any common shares that were not registered under the Securities Act. The following table sets forth information regarding the Company’s repurchases of its common shares during the quarter ended September 30, 2020:
Period
Total Number of Shares Purchased for Employee Tax Withholdings(a)
Total Number
of Shares 
Purchased
as part of Publicly
Announced Programs(b)
Average Price
Paid Per Share Purchased Under the Programs
Aggregate Purchase Price of Shares
Purchased
Under the Programs
Approximate Dollar Value of the Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under the Program
July 1, 2020 through
July 31, 2020
803  —  —  —  $ 42,038,185 
August 1, 2020 through
August 31, 2020
—  18,319  $ 123.66  $ 2,265,417  $ 39,772,768 
September 1, 2020 through
September 30, 2020
—  35,416  $ 124.16  $ 4,397,092  $ 35,375,676 
Total 803  53,735  $ 123.99  $ 6,662,509 
(a)The Company regularly withholds common shares for tax payments due upon the vesting of employee restricted stock. During the quarter ended September 30, 2020, the Company purchased 803 common shares for employee tax withholdings at an average price paid per share of $113.67.
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(b)On February 27, 2020, the Company announced the 2020 Repurchase Program, pursuant to which our board of directors authorized management to repurchase up to $50.0 million of the Company’s common shares in the open market and in private transactions in accordance with applicable securities laws. The 2020 Repurchase Program will expire in February 2022, or upon the earlier completion of all authorized purchases under such program.
The Company has entered into a Rule 10b5-1 repurchase plan. This plan is intended to qualify for the safe harbor under Rule 10b5-1 of the Exchange Act.  A Rule 10b5-1 plan allows a company to purchase its shares at times when it would not ordinarily be in the market because of its trading policies or the possession of material nonpublic information. Purchases may be made in the open market or through privately negotiated transactions. Purchases in the open market will be made in compliance with Rule 10b-18 under the Exchange Act. Because the repurchases under the 10b5-1 plan are subject to specified parameters and certain price, timing, and volume restraints specified in the plan, there is no guarantee as to the exact number of shares that will be repurchased or that there will be any repurchases at all pursuant to the plan.
Through September 30, 2020, the Company has repurchased 129,389 of the Company's common shares under the 2020 Repurchase Program at a total cost of $14.6 million.

ITEM 3: Defaults Upon Senior Securities
None.

ITEM 4: Mine Safety Disclosures
None.

ITEM 5: Other Information
Historically, the Company has issued common shares to employees as incentive compensation under the 2014 Plan. These shares are fully vested, non-forfeitable, and are subject to a five-year sale restriction (the “Sale Restriction”). On October 27, 2020, the Company's board of directors voluntarily removed the Sale Restriction on approximately 130,000 shares.

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ITEM 6: Exhibits
3.1   
3.2
3.3   
10.3
31.1   
31.2   
32.1   
Section 1350 Certifications. (Furnished herewith)
101.INS    XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document.
101.SCH    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document.
101.CAL    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
101.DEF    XBRL Taxonomy Definition Linkbase Document.
101.LAB    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
101.PRE    XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
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DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.
DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
 
Date Title Signature
October 27, 2020 Chief Executive Officer and President /s/ Heather E. Brilliant
Heather E. Brilliant
October 27, 2020 Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer /s/ Thomas E. Line
Thomas E. Line
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DIAMOND HILL INVESTMENT GROUP, INC.
EMPLOYEE STOCK PURCHASE PLAN

ARTICLE 1
PURPOSE

This Plan is intended to foster and promote the Company’s long-term financial success and to increase shareholder value by (a) providing Participants with an opportunity to acquire an ownership interest in the Company, and (b) enabling the Company to attract and retain the services of outstanding individuals upon whose judgment, interest and dedication are important to the Company’s success.
ARTICLE 2
DEFINITIONS

When used in this Plan, the following terms will have the meanings given to them in this Article unless another meaning is expressly provided elsewhere in this document or clearly required by the context. When applying these definitions, the form of any term or word will include any of its other forms.
2.1.    Act. The Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
2.2. Adoption Date. October 27, 2020, the date that the Plan was originally adopted by the Board.
2.3.    Beneficiary. The person who has the right to receive (or exercise) any Plan benefits (or rights) that are unpaid (or unexercised) if the Participant dies.
2.4.    Board. The Company’s Board of Directors.
2.5.    Change of Control. Unless otherwise provided in any employment agreement between a Participant and the Company or any affiliate or in any other agreement between a Participant and the Company or any affiliate, the occurrence of any of the following:
(a)    Any transaction or series of transactions, whereby any person (as that term is used in Section 13 and 14(d)(2) of the Act), is or becomes the beneficial owner (as that term is used in Section 13(d) of the Act), directly or indirectly, of securities of the Company representing fifty percent (50%) or more of the combined voting power of the Company’s then outstanding securities; provided, that for purposes of this paragraph, the term “person” will exclude (i) a trustee or other fiduciary holding securities under an employee benefit plan of the Company or an affiliate, (ii) a corporation owned directly or indirectly by the stockholders of the Company in substantially the same proportions as their ownership in the Company, and (iii) any venture capital firm or other investor in securities of the Company that first purchases any such securities within the thirty (30) day period following the effective date of the Plan;



(b)    Any merger, consolidation, other corporate reorganization or liquidation of the Company in which the Company is not the continuing or surviving corporation or entity or pursuant to which shares of Stock would be converted into cash, securities, or other property, other than (i) a merger or consolidation with a wholly-owned Subsidiary, (ii) a reincorporation of the Company in a different jurisdiction, or (iii) any other transaction in which there is no substantial change in the stockholders of the Company;
(c)    Any merger or consolidation of the Company with or into another entity or any other corporate reorganization, if more than fifty percent (50%) of the combined voting power of the continuing or surviving entity’s securities outstanding immediately after such merger, consolidation, or other reorganization is owned by persons who were not stockholders of the Company immediately prior to such merger, consolidation, or other reorganization;
(d)    The sale, transfer, or other disposition of all or substantially all of the assets of the Company in one transaction or a series of transactions; or
(e)    A change or series of related or unrelated changes in the composition of the Board, during any twenty-four (24) month period beginning on the first anniversary of the Effective Date, as a result of which fewer than fifty percent (50%) of the incumbent directors are directors who either (i) had been directors of the Company on the later of such first anniversary of the Effective Date or the date twenty-four (24) months prior to the date of the event that may constitute a Change of Control (the “Original Directors”) or (ii) were elected, or nominated for election, to the Board with the affirmative votes of a least a majority of the aggregate of the Original Directors who were still in office at the time of the election or nomination and the directors whose election or nomination was previously so approved.
Notwithstanding the foregoing, the following transactions will not constitute a “Change of Control:” (i) any transaction the sole purpose of which is to change the state of incorporation of the Company or to create a holding company that will be owned in substantially the same proportions by te persons who held the Company’s securities immediately before such transaction; or (ii) with respect to any Purchase Right that is subject to Section 409A of the Code and for which no exception applies, any transaction or event described above that does not also constitute a “change in control event” within the meaning of Section 409A of the Code.
2.6.    Code. The Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as in effect on the Effective Date or as amended or superseded after the Effective Date, and any regulations and applicable rulings issued under the Code.
2.7.    Committee. The committee to which the Board delegates responsibility for administering the Plan. Such committee may include individuals who are not members of the Board.
2.8.    Company. Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc., an Ohio corporation, and any successor to it.
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2.9.    Designated Subsidiary. Any Subsidiary that has been designated by the Committee as a Subsidiary whose Employees shall be eligible to participate in the Plan.
2.10.    Effective Date. January 1, 2021, the date the Board designated on the Adoption Date as the date on which the Plan would first go into effect.
2.11.    Eligible Employee. As of any Entry Date, any Employee who complies with Article 3 and other Plan provisions; provided, as of such Entry Date, the Employee (a) is not an Employee whose customary employment is for not more than five (5) months in any calendar year; or (b) does not own Stock possessing 5% or more of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of Stock of the Company or any Subsidiary.
2.12.    Employee. Any person who, on an applicable Entry Date, is a common law employee of any Employer. A worker who is classified as other than a common law employee but who is subsequently reclassified as a common law employee of an Employer for any reason and on any basis will be treated as a common law employee from the first Entry Date that begins after the date of that determination and will not retroactively be reclassified as an Employee for any purpose of this Plan.
2.13.    Employer. The Company and each Designated Subsidiary employing an Eligible Employee.
2.14.    Entry Date. The first day of each Offering Period and the date that Purchase Rights are granted under the Plan for the ensuing Offering Period.
2.15.    Fair Market Value. The value of one (1) share of Stock on any relevant date, determined under the following rules:
(a)    If the Stock is traded on an exchange, the reported “closing price” on the relevant date, if it is a trading day, otherwise on the next trading day;
(b)    If the Stock is traded over-the-counter with no reported closing price, the mean between the lowest bid and the highest asked prices on that quotation system on the relevant date if it is a trading day, otherwise on the next trading day; or
(c)    If neither of the preceding apply, the fair market value as determined by the Committee in good faith.
2.16.    Offering Period. The period during which payroll deductions will be accumulated in Plan Accounts to fund the purchase of shares of Stock. Each Offering Period will commence on such date as may be determined from time to time by the Committee. Each Offering Period will consist of one (1) calendar quarter, unless a different period is established by the Committee and announced to Eligible Employees before the beginning of the Offering Period.
2.17.    Participant. Any Eligible Employee who complies with the conditions described in Article 3 for the current Offering Period.
3


2.18.    Plan. The Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. Employee Stock Purchase Plan, as the same may be amended from time to time. This Plan is intended to comply with Code Sections 421 and 423.
2.19.    Plan Account. The individual account established by the Committee for each Participant to which all amounts described in Section 3.1(a)(i) are credited until applied as described in Article 6.
2.20.    Purchase Date. The last day of each Offering Period and the date on which shares of Stock are purchased in exchange for the Purchase Price (or the first trading day preceding the last day of the Offering Period, if such last day is not a trading day).
2.21.    Purchase Price. The price established by the Committee for each Offering Period that each Participant must pay to purchase shares of Stock under this Plan but which may never be less than 85 percent of the Fair Market Value of a share of Stock on each Purchase Date.
2.22.    Purchase Right. The right to purchase shares of Stock subject to the terms of the Plan.
2.23.    Stock. A common share, without par value, issued by the Company.
2.24.    Stock Account. The account established for each Participant to which the Company transfers shares of Stock acquired under the Plan.
2.25.    Subsidiary. Any corporation, limited liability company, partnership or other form of unincorporated entity of which the Company owns, directly or indirectly, 50% or more of the total combined voting power of all classes of stock, if the entity is a corporation; or of the capital or profits interest, if the entity is a limited liability company, a partnership or another form of unincorporated entity.
2.26.    Termination. Cessation of the employee-employer relationship between a Participant and each Employer for any reason. Also, a Participant will be treated as having Terminated on the date his or her employer is no longer an Employer.
ARTICLE 3
PARTICIPATION

3.1.    Enrollment.
(a)    Each Eligible Employee may become a Participant for any Offering Period beginning after the date he or she complies with each of the following conditions:
(i)    Elects to participate by authorizing the Employer to withhold a portion of his or her base salary and/or incentive compensation. This authorization will be made under rules developed by the Committee within the following limits: each authorization (A) must be stated in whole dollars, (B) may not authorize or result in authorization of a deduction (I) less than $250.00 or such
4


other amount specified by the Committee (which may never be less than $10.00 per pay period) or (II) more than the amount specified by the Committee (which may never exceed the limitation specified in Section 5.1 for each calendar year), (C) must be signed by the enrolling Eligible Employee and (D) must be delivered to the Committee within the period specified by the Committee.
(ii)    Complies with any other rules established by the Committee.
(b)    By enrolling in the Plan, each Participant will be deemed to have (i) agreed to the terms of the Plan and (ii) authorized the Employer to withhold from his or her base salary and/or incentive compensation (A) the amounts authorized in accordance with Section 3.1(a)(i) and (B) any taxes and other amounts due in connection with any transaction contemplated by the Plan.
3.2.    Duration of Election to Participate.
Subject to the terms of the Plan:
(a)    Participants’ withholding authorizations will be implemented beginning with the first payroll period with a paycheck date in the Offering Period for which it is received by the Committee and will remain in effect until revoked or changed under the rules described in Section 3.2(b).
(b)    A Participant who elects to participate in the Plan for any Offering Period by complying with the rules described in Section 3.1 may not change or revoke that election for that Offering Period. In addition, the Participant’s election will remain in effect for each subsequent Offering Period until changed or revoked by the Participant by complying with the rules described in Section 3.1 as if the changed or revoked election were a new election. Any change to or revocation of an earlier election will be effective as of the first day of the first Offering Period beginning after the revised election is delivered to the Committee and will remain in effect until revoked or changed under the rules described in this Section 3.2.
3.3.    No Interest Paid. No interest will be paid with respect to any amount credited to or held in any Plan Account.
ARTICLE 4
ADMINISTRATION

4.1.    Committee Duties.
(a)    The Committee is responsible for administering the Plan and has all powers appropriate and necessary to that purpose. Consistent with the Plan’s objectives, the Committee may adopt, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to the Plan, to the extent appropriate to protect the Company’s interests and has complete discretion to make all other decisions necessary or advisable for the administration and
5


interpretation of the Plan. Any action by the Committee will be final, binding and conclusive for all purposes and upon all persons. The Committee is granted all powers appropriate and necessary to administer the Plan.
(b)    Without limiting the generality of the provisions of Section 4.1(a), consistent with the terms of the Plan, the Committee:
(i)    May exercise all discretion granted to the Committee under the Plan;
(ii)    Will determine whether to have an Offering Period, and, if so, the date on which such Offering Period is to commence and establish the number of shares of Stock that may be acquired during such Offering Period if the number available during any Offering Period is less than all remaining available shares determined under Section 5.2;
(iii)    May develop and impose other terms and conditions the Committee believes are appropriate and necessary to implement the purposes of the Plan;
(iv)    Will establish and maintain a Plan Account for each Participant which will be (A) credited with amounts described in Section 3.1(a)(i) and (B) debited with all amounts applied to purchase shares of Stock;
(v)    Will establish a Stock Account for each Participant which will be credited with shares of Stock until released as provided in Article 7;
(vi)    Will administer procedures through which Eligible Employees may enroll in the Plan;
(vii)    Will disseminate information about the Plan to Eligible Employees; and
(viii)    Will apply all Plan rules and procedures.
4.2.    Delegation of Ministerial Duties. In its sole discretion, the Committee may delegate any ministerial duties associated with the Plan to any person (including employees) that the Committee deems appropriate other than those duties described in Section 4.1(b)(i), (ii) and (iii).
4.3.    General Limit on Committee. Consistent with applicable law and Plan terms, the Plan will be administered in a manner that extends equal rights and privileges to all Participants.
ARTICLE 5
OFFERING

6


5.1.    Right to Purchase. Subject to Sections 5.2 and 5.3 and Article 6, the number of shares of Stock that may be purchased during each Offering Period will be established by the Committee before the beginning of each Offering Period. Notwithstanding any provision contained herein, no Participant may be granted a Purchase Right which permits the Participant to purchase Stock under this Plan or any other stock purchase plan maintained by the Company or any Subsidiary to accrue at a rate which exceeds $25,000 of Fair Market Value of Stock (determined at the time that such Purchase Right is granted) for each calendar year in which such Purchase Right is outstanding at any time. This limitation shall be construed in accordance with the provisions of § 423(b)(8) of the Code.
5.2.    Number of Shares of Stock. Subject to Section 5.3, the aggregate number of shares of Stock that may be purchased under the Plan is 100,000.
5.3.    Adjustment in Capitalization. If, after the Effective Date, there is a Stock dividend or Stock split, recapitalization (including payment of an extraordinary dividend), merger, consolidation, combination, spin-off, distribution of assets to shareholders, exchange of shares, or other similar corporate change affecting Stock, the Committee will appropriately adjust (a) the number of Purchase Rights that may or will be issued, (b) the aggregate number of shares of Stock available under Section 5.2 or subject to outstanding Purchase Rights (as well as any share-based limits imposed under this Plan), (c) the respective Purchase Price, number of shares and other limitations applicable to outstanding or subsequently issued Purchase Rights and (d) any other factors, limits or terms affecting any outstanding or subsequently issued Purchase Rights.
5.4.    Source of Stock. Shares of Stock to be purchased under the Plan may, in the Board’s discretion, be authorized but unissued shares not reserved for any other purpose or treasury shares previously outstanding and reacquired by the Company.
ARTICLE 6
PURCHASE OF SHARES

6.1.    Purchase.
(a)    Throughout each Offering Period, the Employer will withhold from each Participant’s base salary and/or incentive compensation the amount the Participant has authorized in accordance with Section 3.1(a)(i). These amounts will be held in the Participant’s Plan Account until the Purchase Date.
(b)    As of each Purchase Date and subject to the Plan’s terms and limits, the value of each Participant’s Plan Account will be divided by the Purchase Price established for that Offering Period and each Participant will be deemed to have purchased the number of whole shares of Stock produced by dividing the value of the Participant’s Plan Account as of the Purchase Date by the Purchase Price. Simultaneously, the Participant’s Plan Account will be charged for the amount of the purchase. Any remaining amounts in the Participant’s Plan Account that are insufficient to purchase a whole share of Stock will remain in the Participant’s Plan Account and will
7


be available to purchase whole shares of Stock during future Offering Periods. In the event that an amount remains in a Participant’s Plan Account because such Participant has purchased shares of Stock up to the maximum amount permitted under Section 5.1, such remaining amount will be refunded to the Participant within ten (10) business days following the last day of the applicable Offering Period.
6.2.    Remaining Available Shares.
(a)    If application of the procedures described in Section 6.1 would result in the purchase of a number of shares of Stock larger than the number of shares of Stock offered during that Offering Period, the Committee will allocate available shares of Stock among Participants and any cash remaining in Participants’ Plan Accounts will be credited to the next Offering Period and, subject to the terms of the Plan, applied along with additional amounts credited to that Offering Period to purchase shares of Stock during that Offering Period and at the Purchase Price established for that Offering Period.
(b)    If application of the procedures described in Section 6.1 would result in the purchase of a number of shares of Stock less than the number of shares of Stock made available for purchase for any Offering Period, the excess shares of Stock will be available for purchase during any subsequent Offering Period.
6.3.    Delivery of Shares; Participants’ Stock Accounts.
(a)    At or as promptly as practicable after the end of each Offering Period, the Company will deliver, or cause to be delivered, the shares of Stock purchased by a Participant during that Offering Period to the transfer agent for the Company’s Stock for deposit into that Participant’s Stock Account for the Plan.
(b)    Cash dividends on any shares of Stock credited to a Participant’s Stock Account will be paid in cash to the Participant.
(c)    Each Participant’s Stock Account will be credited with any shares of Stock distributed as a dividend or distribution in respect of shares of Stock credited to that Participant’s Stock Account or in connection with a split of Stock credited to that Participant’s Stock Account.
(d)    As soon as reasonably practicable after receipt, the transfer agent will sell any noncash dividends (other than securities of the Company) received with respect to any Stock held in a Participant’s Stock Account and pay the proceeds of that sale to the Participant in the manner described in Section 6.3(b).
(e)    Each Participant will be entitled to vote the number of shares of Stock credited to his or her Stock Account on any matter as to which the approval of the Company’s shareholders is sought.

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ARTICLE 7
TERMINATION/RELEASE FROM STOCK ACCOUNTS

7.1.    Effect of Termination on Election to Participate.
A Participant who Terminates will be deemed to have withdrawn from the Plan. Any cash amounts credited to his or her Plan Account for the Offering Period during which the Termination occurs will be refunded to the Participant (or to the Participant’s Beneficiary, in the event of the Participant’s death) within 30 days following his or her Termination. No shares of Stock will be purchased for that Participant in any Offering Period that ends after such Participant’s Termination.
7.2.    Release from Stock Accounts.
(a)    Subject to Article 8, during the period ending on the date that is twelve (12) full calendar months after the date on which the Stock was purchased and credited to a Participant’s Stock Account, the Participant may not transfer the Stock held in his or her Stock Account. At the end of the period described in the immediately preceding sentence, the shares of Stock held in a Participant’s Stock Account will be released from the Stock Account and treated in the manner elected by the Participant in accordance with the rules prescribed by the Committee and the transfer agent.
(b)    In the event of a Participant’s death, the provisions of Section 7.2(a) regarding the treatment of Stock released from the Participant’s Stock Account shall immediately apply to the Participant’s Beneficiary (i.e., the limitation on transferability shall cease to apply upon the Participant’s death).
ARTICLE 8
EFFECT OF CHANGE IN CONTROL

If the Company undergoes a Change in Control, all shares of Stock held in each Participant’s Stock Account will be made available to the Participant under procedures developed by the transfer agent and the Committee.
ARTICLE 9
AMENDMENT, MODIFICATION AND TERMINATION OF PLAN

9.1.    Amendment, Modification, Termination of Plan. The Plan will automatically terminate after all available shares of Stock have been sold. Also, the Board may terminate, suspend or amend the Plan at any time without shareholder approval except to the extent that shareholder approval is required to satisfy applicable requirements imposed by (a) Rule 16b-3 under the Act, or any successor rule or regulation, (b) applicable requirements of Section 423 of the Code or (c) any securities exchange, market or other quotation system on or through on which the Company’s securities are listed or traded. Also, no Plan amendment may (d) cause the Plan to fail to meet requirements imposed by Rule 16b-3 or (e) without the consent of the
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affected Participant adversely affect any Purchase Right issued before the amendment, modification or termination.
9.2.    Effect of Plan Termination.
(a)    If the Plan is terminated effective on a day other than the last day of any Offering Period, the Offering Period during which the Plan is terminated also will end on the same day. Any cash balances held in Plan Accounts when the Plan is terminated will be refunded to the Participant for whom the Plan Account was established, and no shares of Stock will be sold through the Plan for that Offering Period. All shares of Stock held in Stock Accounts will be released following the procedures described in Section 7.2.
(b)    If the Plan is terminated as of the last day of any Offering Period, the Committee will apply the terms of the Plan through the end of that Offering Period. However, no further shares of Stock will be offered under the Plan for any subsequent Offering Period and all shares of Stock then held in Stock Accounts will be released following the procedures described in Section 7.2.
ARTICLE 10
MISCELLANEOUS

10.1.    Restriction on Transfers. Except as provided in Section 10.2, no right or benefit under the Plan may be transferred, assigned, alienated, pledged or otherwise disposed of in any way by a Participant. All rights and benefits under the Plan may be exercised during a Participant’s lifetime only by the Participant.
10.2.    Beneficiary. Each Participant may designate a Beneficiary or Beneficiaries pursuant to procedures established by the Committee. If a Participant dies and has failed to so designate a Beneficiary (or the designated Beneficiary has pre-deceased the Participant), the deceased Participant’s Beneficiary will be his or her estate.
10.3.    No Guarantee of Employment. Nothing in the Plan may be construed as:
(a)    Interfering with or limiting the right of any Employer to terminate any Participant’s employment at any time; or
(b)    Conferring on any Participant or Employee any right to continue as an Employee.
Further, no Participant will be entitled by reason of participation in the Plan to any compensation, in connection with termination of employment, for loss of any right or benefit or prospective right or benefit which the Participant might otherwise have enjoyed by way of damages for breach of contract.
10.4.    No Promise of Future Awards. The right to purchase shares of Stock under the Plan is being made available on a voluntary and discretionary basis and the Purchase Right with
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respect to each individual Offering Period is being offered on a one-time basis and does not constitute a commitment to make any Purchase Right available in the future. The right to purchase shares of Stock hereunder will not be considered salary or other compensation for purposes of any severance pay or similar allowance, except as otherwise required by applicable law.
10.5.    Tax Requirements and Notification. Each Participant is solely responsible for satisfying any applicable local, state, federal and foreign tax requirements associated with any taxable amount received from or associated with his or her participation in the Plan. Each Employer will withhold required taxes in the same manner and for the same taxing jurisdiction as the Employer withholds taxes from Participants’ other compensation.
10.6.    Indemnification. Each individual who is or was a member of the Committee or of the Board will be indemnified and held harmless by the Company against and from any loss, cost, liability or expense (including, without limitation, attorneys’ fees) that may be imposed upon or reasonably incurred by him or her in connection with or resulting from any claim, action, suit or proceeding to which he or she may be made a party or in which he or she may be involved by reason of any action taken or failure to take action under the Plan as a Committee or Board member and against and from any and all amounts paid, with the Company’s approval, by him or her in settlement of any matter related to or arising from the Plan as a Committee or Board member or paid by him or her in satisfaction of any judgment in any action, suit or proceeding relating to or arising from the Plan against him or her as a Committee or Board member, but only if he or she gives the Company an opportunity, at the Company’s own expense, to handle and defend the matter before he or she undertakes to handle and defend it in his or her own behalf. The right of indemnification described in this Section 10.6 is not exclusive and is independent of any other rights of indemnification to which the individual may be entitled under the Company’s organizational documents, by contract, as a matter of law or otherwise.
10.7.    No Limitation on Compensation. Nothing in the Plan is to be construed to limit the right of the Company to establish other plans or to pay compensation to its employees or directors, or those of its Subsidiaries, in cash or property, in a manner not expressly authorized under the Plan.
10.8.    Requirements of Law. The availability of Purchase Rights and the issuance of shares of Stock will be subject to all applicable laws, rules and regulations and to all required approvals of any governmental agencies or national securities exchange, market or other quotation system. Also, no shares of Stock will be sold under the Plan unless the Company is satisfied that the issuance of those shares of Stock will comply with applicable federal and state securities laws. Certificates for shares of Stock delivered under the Plan may be subject to any stock transfer orders and other restrictions that the Committee believes to be advisable under the rules, regulations and other requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission, any stock exchange or other recognized market or quotation system upon which the Stock is then listed or traded, or any other applicable federal or state securities law. The Committee may cause a legend or legends to be placed on any certificates issued under the Plan to make appropriate reference to restrictions within the scope of this Section 10.8.
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10.9.    Uncertificated Shares of Stock. To the extent that the Plan provides for the issuance of certificates to reflect the delivery of Stock, the delivery of Stock may be effected on a noncertificated basis, to the extent not prohibited by applicable law or the applicable rules of any securities exchange upon which shares of Stock are traded.
10.10    Expenses. Except as otherwise provided in this Section 10.10 and the Plan, costs and expenses incurred in the administration of the Plan and maintenance of Plan Accounts will be paid by the Company. Under no circumstance will the Company pay any brokerage fees and commissions arising in connection with the sale of shares of Stock acquired under the Plan by any Participant.
10.11.    Governing Law. The Plan and all related elections, authorizations or agreements will be construed in accordance with and governed by the laws (other than laws governing conflicts of laws) of the United States and of the State of Ohio.
10.12.    No Impact on Benefits. The right to purchase shares of Stock under this Plan is an incentive designed to promote the objectives described in Article 1 and is not to be treated as compensation for purposes of calculating a Participant’s rights under any employee benefit plan.
10.13.    Data Privacy. Information about the Participant and the Participant’s participation in the Plan may be collected, recorded and held, used and disclosed for any purpose related to the administration of the Plan. The Participant understands that such processing of this information may need to be carried out by the Company and its Subsidiaries and by third-party administrators whether such persons are located within the Participant’s country or elsewhere, including the United States of America. The Participant consents to the processing of information relating to the Participant and the Participant’s participation in the Plan in any one or more of the ways referred to above.
10.14.    Effective Date. The Plan was effective as of the Effective Date, subject to the approval thereof by the shareholders of the Company at the 2021 Annual Meeting of Shareholders.

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CERTIFICATION FOR QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
I, Heather E. Brilliant, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 27, 2020 /s/ Heather E. Brilliant
Heather E. Brilliant
Chief Executive Officer



CERTIFICATION FOR QUARTERLY REPORT ON FORM 10-Q
I, Thomas E. Line, certify that:
1.I have reviewed this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc.;
2.Based on my knowledge, this report does not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made, in light of the circumstances under which such statements were made, not misleading with respect to the period covered by this report;
3.Based on my knowledge, the financial statements, and other financial information included in this report, fairly present in all material respects the financial condition, results of operations and cash flows of the registrant as of, and for, the periods presented in this report;
4.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I are responsible for establishing and maintaining disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e)) and internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f)) for the registrant and have:
a)Designed such disclosure controls and procedures, or caused such disclosure controls and procedures to be designed under our supervision, to ensure that material information relating to the registrant, including its consolidated subsidiaries, is made known to us by others within those entities, particularly during the period in which this report is being prepared;
b)Designed such internal control over financial reporting, or caused such internal control over financial reporting to be designed under our supervision, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles;
c)Evaluated the effectiveness of the registrant’s disclosure controls and procedures and presented in this report our conclusions about the effectiveness of the disclosure controls and procedures, as of the end of the period covered by this report based on such evaluation; and
d)Disclosed in this report any change in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting that occurred during the registrant’s most recent fiscal quarter (the registrant’s fourth fiscal quarter in the case of an annual report) that has materially affected, or is reasonably likely to materially affect, the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting; and
5.The registrant’s other certifying officer(s) and I have disclosed, based on our most recent evaluation of internal control over financial reporting, to the registrant’s auditors and the audit committee of the registrant’s board of directors (or persons performing the equivalent functions):
a)All significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal control over financial reporting which are reasonably likely to adversely affect the registrant’s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and
b)Any fraud, whether or not material, that involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the registrant’s internal control over financial reporting.
Date: October 27, 2020 /s/ Thomas E. Line
Thomas E. Line
Chief Financial Officer


CERTIFICATION PURSUANT TO
TITLE 18, UNITED STATES CODE, SECTION 1350,
AS ADOPTED PURSUANT TO
SECTION 906 OF THE SARBANES-OXLEY ACT OF 2002
In connection with the Quarterly Report of Diamond Hill Investment Group, Inc. (the “Company”) on Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended September 30, 2020 as filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on the date hereof (the “Report”), Heather E. Brilliant, Chief Executive Officer of the Company, and Thomas E. Line, Chief Financial Officer of the Company, certify, pursuant to Title 18, United States Code, Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, that:

(1)The Report fully complies with the requirements of Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934; and
(2)The information contained in the Report fairly presents, in all material respects, the financial condition and results of operations of the Company.
/s/ Heather E. Brilliant
Print Name: Heather E. Brilliant
Title: Chief Executive Officer
Date: October 27, 2020
/s/ Thomas E. Line
Print Name: Thomas E. Line
Title: Chief Financial Officer
Date: October 27, 2020