As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on October 19, 2001
File Nos. 33-95472 and 811-9082
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 /x/
Post-Effective Amendment No. 8 /x/
and
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER
THE INVESTMENT COMPANY ACT OF 1940 /x/
Amendment No. 9 /x/
M FUND, INC.
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
River Park Center
205 S.E. Spokane Street
Portland, Oregon 97202
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
Registrant's Telephone Number, including Area Code: (503) 232-6960
(Name and Address of Agent for Service)
Copies to:
Daniel F. Byrne, President
M Fund, Inc. River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, Oregon 97202 |
Frederick R. Bellamy, Esquire
Sutherland, Asbill & Brennan LLP 1275 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W. Washington, D.C. 20004-2404 |
It is proposed that this filing will become effective (check appropriate box)
/ / immediately upon filing pursuant to paragraph (b)
/ / on May 1, 2001 pursuant to paragraph (b)
/ / 60 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(1)
/x/ 75 days after filing pursuant to paragraph (a)(2)
/ / on (date) pursuant to paragraph (a)(2) of rule 485.
If appropriate, check the following box:
/ / this post-effective amendment designates a new effective date for a previously filed post-effective amendment.
M FUND, INC.
PROSPECTUS
JANUARY 2, 2002
Brandes International Equity Fund
Turner Core Growth Fund
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
Business Opportunity Value Fund
[LOGO]
As with all mutual funds, the Securities and Exchange Commission has not approved any of M Fund's shares as an investment or determined whether this prospectus is accurate or complete. Anyone who tells you otherwise is committing a crime.
Information About the Funds | 3 | |
Brandes International Equity Fund |
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4 |
Turner Core Growth Fund |
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7 |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
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10 |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund |
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13 |
Business Opportunity Value Fund |
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16 |
Investment Strategies and Risks |
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18 |
Management of the Funds |
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23 |
Investing with M Fund |
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26 |
Distributions and Taxes |
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27 |
Performance Information |
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27 |
Financial Highlights |
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30 |
For More Information |
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35 |
2
M Fund
M Fund, Inc. (the Company) is a mutual fund group that currently offers shares in five funds (Funds):
Each Fund is a separate and distinct investment portfolio. These Funds are available through the purchase of variable life insurance policies and variable annuity policies issued by certain insurance companies. Those insurance companies offer other portfolios in addition to offering the Funds. Shares of the Funds are also sold to qualified pension and retirement plans.
This Prospectus should be read along with the prospectus for the applicable insurance or annuity policies.
3
BRANDES INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND
The Fund's Investment Goal
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Its Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund's Sub-Adviser uses the Graham and Dodd "Value Investing" approach. Following this philosophy, the Sub-Adviser views stocks as parts of businesses which are for sale. The Sub-Adviser seeks to purchase a diversified group of these businesses at prices which the Sub-Adviser believes are below their true long-term value.
The Key Risks
The Brandes International Equity Fund's share price will go up and down which means you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. The Fund's investment performance could be worse than other investments:
An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
You can find more information about securities in which the Fund may invest and a more detailed description of risks under the heading Investment Strategies and Risks later in this Prospectus.
The Fund's Performance
The following information may give some indication of the risks of investing in the Brandes International Equity Fund. It shows changes in the performance of the Fund's shares from year to year since the Fund started.
The Fund's past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future.
4
BRANDES INTERNATIONAL EQUITY FUND* PERFORMANCE
[Bar chart]
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Calendar Year
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||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1996**
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1997
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1998
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1999
|
2000
|
||||||
Total Return | -0.63 | % | 2.26 | % | 15.37 | % | 47.86 | % | 4.88 | % |
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 20.78% (for the quarter ended December 31, 1999) and the lowest quarterly return was -14.31% (for the quarter ended September 30, 1998).
The performance information shown here does not reflect fees that are paid by the insurance company separate accounts that invest in the Fund. Inclusion of those fees would reduce the total return figures for all periods.
The table below shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods shown compare to those of the Morgan Stanley Capital InternationalEurope, Australasia, Far East Index (MSCI EAFE Index). The MSCI EAFE Index is an unmanaged arithmetic, market value-weighted average of the performance of over 900 securities listed on the stock exchanges of: Australia, Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Hong Kong, Ireland, Italy, Japan, Malaysia, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Portugal, Singapore, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United Kingdom. It includes the effect of reinvested dividends, net of foreign taxes withheld, and is measured in U.S. dollars. The index is calculated on a total return basis.
For the Periods Ended December 31, 2000
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One Year
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Three Years
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Since Fund
Started (1/4/96) |
||||
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Brandes International Equity Fund | 4.88 | % | 21.40 | % | 12.71 | % | |
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MSCI EAFE Index | (14.20 | ) | 9.32 | 7.09 | |||
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Fund Fees and Expenses:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees that you pay directly from your investment):
There are no fees or sales loads charged to your account when you buy or sell Fund shares.
5
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets):
Management Fee | [0.80] | % | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fee | None | ||
Other Expenses | [xx] | % | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | [xx] | % |
The fee table above does not include the fees and charges associated with variable annuity or variable life insurance products, which are disclosed separately in the prospectuses for those products. Fees and expenses for those products will typically include a sales load and/or a surrender charge as well as other charges for the insurance benefits.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a hypothetical 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year
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3 years
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5 years
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10 years
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|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] |
6
The Fund's Investment Goal
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Its Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund's Sub-Adviser uses a bottom-up approach to investing. A bottom-up approach involves selecting stocks based on the perceived strength of individual companies rather than focusing first on industry groups and then selecting stocks within those groups. The Sub-Adviser's style is based on the philosophy that earnings expectations drive stock prices. The Subadviser uses a process that involves a combination of quantitative, fundamental, and technical analyses:
The Key Risks
The Turner Core Growth Fund's share price will fluctuate which means you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. The Fund's investment performance could be worse than other investments:
7
An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
You can find more information about securities in which the Fund may invest and a more detailed description of risks under the heading Investment Strategies and Risks later in this Prospectus.
The Fund's Performance
The following information may give some indication of the risks of investing in the Turner Core Growth Fund. It shows changes in the performance of the Fund's shares from year to year since the Fund started.
The Fund's past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future.
TURNER CORE GROWTH FUND PERFORMANCE
[Bar chart]
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Calendar Year
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||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1996*
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1997
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1998
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1999
|
2000
|
||||||
Total Return | 19.99 | % | 28.32 | % | 34.56 | % | 40.11 | % | (11.15 | )% |
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 28.11% (for the quarter ended December 31, 1999) and the lowest quarterly return was -18.77% (for the quarter ended December 31, 2000).
The performance information shown here does not reflect fees that are paid by the insurance company separate accounts that invest in the Fund. Inclusion of those fees would reduce the total return figures for all periods.
The table below shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods shown compare to those of the Wilshire 5000 Stock Index. The Wilshire 5000 Stock Index is an unmanaged capitalizationweighted stock index that measures the performance of all U.S. based equity securities with readily available price data that are regularly traded on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the American Stock Exchange or the NASDAQ OTC markets.
For the Periods Ended December 31, 2000
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One Year
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Three Years
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Since Fund
Started (1/4/96) |
||||
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Turner Core Growth Fund | (11.15 | )% | 18.76 | % | 20.89 | % | |
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Wilshire 5000 Stock Index | (10.64 | ) | 10.87 | 16.75 | |||
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Fund Fees and Expenses:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees that you pay directly from your investment):
There are no fees or sales loads charged to your account when you buy or sell Fund shares.
8
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets):
Management Fee | [0.45] | % | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fee | None | ||
Other Expenses | [xx] | % | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | [xx] | % |
The fee table above does not include the fees and charges associated with variable annuity or variable life insurance products, which are disclosed separately in the prospectuses for those products. Fees and expenses for those products will typically include a sales load and/or a surrender charge as well as other charges for the insurance benefits.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a hypothetical 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year
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3 years
|
5 years
|
10 years
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] |
9
FRONTIER CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND
The Fund's Investment Goal
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Its Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund's Sub-Adviser seeks to invest in companies with unrecognized earnings potential. Earnings per share, growth and price appreciation are important factors. Wall Street analysts do not usually follow such small to mid-sized companies widely, and institutional investors do not own a large percentage of them. The investment process combines fundamental research with a valuation model that screens for:
Stocks are sold if earnings growth potential is realized, when the fundamental reasons for purchase are no longer valid, or when a more attractive situation is identified.
The Key Risks
The Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund's share price will fluctuate which means you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. The Fund's investment performance could be worse than other investments:
An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
You can find more information about securities in which the Fund may invest and a more detailed description of risks under the heading Investment Strategies and Risks later in this Prospectus.
10
The Fund's Performance
The following information may provide some indication of the risks of investing in the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund. It shows changes in the performance of the Fund's shares from year to year since the Fund started.
The Fund's past performance does not necessarily indicate how it will perform in the future.
FRONTIER CAPITAL APPRECIATION FUND PERFORMANCE
[Bar chart]
|
Calendar Year
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
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1996*
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1997
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1998
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1999
|
2000
|
||||||
Total Return | 30.31 | % | 22.13 | % | 1.68 | % | 44.17 | % | 7.66 | % |
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 26.17% (for the quarter ended December 31, 1998) and the lowest quarterly return was -21.00% (for the quarter ended September 30, 1998).
The performance information shown here does not reflect fees that are paid by the insurance company separate accounts that invest in the Fund. Inclusion of those fees would reduce the total return figures for all periods.
The table below shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods shown compare to those of the Russell 2500 Stock Index. The Russell 2500 Stock Index is an unmanaged capitalization-weighted stock index representing the smallest 2500 stocks, by total market capitalization, in the Russell 3000 Index. The Russell 3000 Index is an unmanaged index that measures the performance of the 3000 largest U.S. companies based on total market capitalization.
For the Periods Ended December 31, 2000
|
One Year
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Three Years
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Since Fund
Started (1/4/96) |
||||
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Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund | 7.66 | % | 16.43 | % | 20.25 | % | |
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Russell 2500 Stock Index | 4.30 | 9.12 | 13.98 | ||||
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Fund Fees and Expenses:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees that you pay directly from your investment):
There are no fees or sales loads charged to your account when you buy or sell Fund shares.
11
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets):
Management Fee | [0.90] | % | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fee | None | ||
Other Expenses | [xx] | % | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | [xx] | % |
The fee table above does not include the fees and charges associated with variable annuity or variable life insurance products, which are disclosed separately in the prospectuses for those products. Fees and expenses for those products will typically include a sales load and/or a surrender charge as well as other charges for the insurance benefits.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a hypothetical 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year
|
3 years
|
5 years
|
10 years
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] |
12
CLIFTON ENHANCED U.S. EQUITY FUND
The Fund's Investment Goal
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Its Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund's Sub-Adviser uses a combination of the S&P 500 futures contracts and the cash portfolio to create a synthetic enhanced S&P 500 product. The S&P 500 represents a sampling of the stocks of the largest U.S. companies along with stocks of foreign companies that are publicly traded in the United States. The Sub-Adviser closely monitors and manages the equity portion of the Fund to maintain a 100% exposure to the S&P 500 Index. The Sub-Adviser does not leverage the Fund's equity market exposure.
The cash (or fixed income) investments will consist primarily of:
The Key Risks
The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund's share price will fluctuate which means you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. The Fund's investment performance could be worse than other investments:
13
An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
You can find more information about securities in which the Fund may invest and a more detailed description of risks under the heading Investment Strategies and Risks later in this Prospectus.
The Fund's Performance
The following information may give some indication of the risks of investing in the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund. It shows changes in the performance of the Fund's shares from year to year since the Fund started.
The Fund's past performance reflects results obtained using an investment style that differs considerably from that used by the current portfolio manager and does not necessarily indicate how the Fund will perform in the future.
CLIFTON ENHANCED U.S. EQUITY FUND* PERFORMANCE
[Bar chart]
|
Calendar Year
|
||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
1996**
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
||||||
Total Return | 23.67 | % | 32.68 | % | 23.69 | % | 26.07 | % | (9.96 | )% |
During the period shown in the bar chart, the highest quarterly return was 20.46% (for the quarter ended December 31, 1998) and the lowest quarterly return as -12.96% (for the quarter ended September 30, 1998).
The performance information shown here does not reflect fees that are paid by the insurance company separate accounts that invest in the Fund. Inclusion of those fees would reduce the total return figures for all periods.
The table below shows how the Fund's average annual total returns for the periods shown compare to those of the S&P 500 Stock Index. The S&P 500 Stock Index consists of 500 stocks chosen for market size, liquidity, and industry group representation. It is an unmanaged market-value weighted index (stock price times number of shares outstanding), with each stock's weight in the Index proportionate to its market value.
14
For the Periods Ended December 31, 2000
|
One Year
|
Three Years
|
Since Fund
Started (1/4/96) |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund | (9.96 | )% | 11.98 | % | 18.19 | % | |
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|||||
S&P 500 Stock Index | (9.11 | ) | 12.25 | 18.30 | |||
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|
|
Fund Fees and Expenses:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees that you pay directly from your investment):
There are no fees or sales loads charged to your account when you buy or sell Fund shares.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets):
Management Fee | [0.44] | % | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fee | None | ||
Other Expenses | [xx] | % | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | [xx] | % |
The fee table above does not include the fees and charges associated with variable annuity or variable life insurance products, which are disclosed separately in the prospectuses for those products. Fees and expenses for those products will typically include a sales load and/or a surrender charge as well as other charges for the insurance benefits.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a hypothetical 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year
|
3 years
|
5 years
|
10 years
|
|||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
$ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] | $ | [xx] |
15
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY VALUE FUND
The Fund's Investment Goal
As with any mutual fund, there is no guarantee that the Fund will achieve its goal.
Its Principal Investment Strategies
The Fund's Sub-Adviser uses a value investing approach. The Sub-Adviser focuses on company valuation and seeks to identify catalysts for corporate change. These catalysts may include management changes, significant stock repurchases, acquisitions or divestitures, litigation or changes in industry conditions. Once a catalyst for change is identified, the Sub-Adviser purchases the stocks of companies it believes to be undervalued that may benefit from the change.
The Key Risks
The Business Opportunity Value Fund's share price will go up and down which means you could lose money on your investment in the Fund. The Fund's investment performance could be worse than other investments:
An investment in the Fund is not a bank deposit and is not insured or guaranteed by the FDIC or any other government agency.
You can find more information about securities in which the Fund may invest and a more detailed description of risks under the heading Investment Strategies and Risks later in this Prospectus.
The Fund's Performance
As of the date of this Prospectus, the Fund has been in operation for less than one full calendar year and therefore does not report its annual total returns in a bar chart and average total returns in a table.
Fund Fees and Expenses:
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold shares of the Fund.
16
Shareholder Transaction Expenses (fees that you pay directly from your investment):
There are no fees or sales loads charged to your account when you buy or sell Fund shares.
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses that are deducted from Fund assets):
Management Fee | [0.65] | % | |
Distribution (12b-1) Fee | None | ||
Other Expenses | [xx] | % | |
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses* | [xx] | % |
The fee table above does not include the fees and charges associated with variable annuity or variable life insurance products, which are disclosed separately in the prospectuses for those products. Fees and expenses for those products will typically include a sales load and/or a surrender charge as well as other charges for the insurance benefits.
Example
This example is intended to help you compare the cost of investing in the Portfolio with the cost of investing in other mutual funds. The example assumes that you invest $10,000 in the Portfolio for the time periods indicated and then redeem all of your shares at the end of those periods. The example also assumes that your investment has a hypothetical 5% return each year and that the Portfolio's operating expenses remain the same. Although your actual costs may be higher or lower, based on these assumptions your costs would be:
1 year
|
3 years
|
|||
---|---|---|---|---|
$ | [xx] | $ | [xx] |
17
INVESTMENT STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Can a Fund Depart from its Normal Strategies?
Each Fund may depart from its normal strategies by taking temporary defensive positions in response to adverse market, economic, political or other conditions. During these times, a Fund may not achieve its investment goals.
Do the Funds Engage in Active Trading of Securities?
The Turner Core Growth Fund, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may engage in active and frequent trading to achieve their investment goals. This high rate of portfolio turnover may increase transaction costs, which would lower the Fund's performance.
Can a Fund Change Its Investment Goal?
A Fund's investment goal may be changed by a vote of the Company's board of directors without shareholder approval. You would be notified at least 30 days before any change took effect.
Conflicts of Interest
Certain conflicts of interest may exist between the interests of the variable annuity contract owners, variable life insurance policy owners and plan participants. The Company currently does not believe that ownership by each such type of entity will cause any disadvantage to owners of any of such entities. However, the Board of Directors monitors the Funds to identify any conflicts of interest which may cause such a disadvantage and which cannot be reconciled. If such situations arise, the Board of Directors will decide at that time what action should be taken in response to the conflicts.
Additional Information About the Funds
Brandes International Equity Fund
The Brandes International Equity Fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in equity securities of issuers located in at least three countries other than the United States. These countries may include, but are not limited to the nations of Western Europe, North and South America, Australia, Africa and Asia.
Securities will generally be purchased in the form of common stock, American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs) or Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs).
The Fund may invest in any single country or industry up to, at the time of purchase, the greater of:
The Fund may also invest up to, at the time of purchase:
The Fund may also:
18
In seeking out foreign securities for purchase, the Sub-Adviser does not attempt to match the security allocations of foreign stock market indices. Therefore, the Fund's country weightings may differ significantly from country weightings found in published foreign stock indices. For example, the Sub-Adviser may choose not to invest the Fund's assets in a country whose stock market, at any given time, may comprise a large portion of a published foreign stock market index. At the same time, the Sub-Adviser may invest the Fund's assets in countries whose representation in such an index may be small or non-existent. The Sub-Adviser selects stocks for the Fund based on their individual merits and not necessarily on their geographic locations.
Turner Core Growth Fund
Generally, the Turner Core Growth Fund will be fully invested and will contain between 80 to 120 securities. Portfolio exposure is generally limited to a maximum of 2% in any single issue. However, the Fund may hold up to two times the index weighting of those securities that comprise between 1% and 5% of the S&P 500 Index, and up to 1 1 / 2 times the index weighting of those securities that comprise more than 5% of the S&P 500 Index.
The Fund may invest:
The Fund may also:
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
The Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund's portfolio is not restricted to any one segment of the market; however, generally a majority of its portfolio will consist of stocks of small- to medium-capitalization companies. The Fund's portfolio will typically consist of 100 to 140 stocks.
The Fund may invest:
The Fund may also:
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
The Fund will normally have a 100% exposure to the S&P 500 by investing in S&P 500 futures contracts.
19
The Fund may also:
Business Opportunity Value Fund
The Fund typically consists of 50 to 60 equity securities of issuers with capitalizations of $10 billion or more.
The Fund may also:
Additional Information About Fund Investments
Equity Securities. Equity securities include:
American Depositary Receipts (ADRs), European Depositary Receipts (EDRs), and Global Depositary Receipts (GDRs). ADRs, EDRs and GDRs are securities that represent an ownership interest in a foreign security. They are generally issued by a U.S. bank or trust company and may be sponsored or unsponsored. The issuers of unsponsored ADRs, EDRs and GDRs are not required to disclose certain material information to the holders of such securities.
Equity and Index-Linked Notes. Equity-linked notes are notes whose principal amount and/or the rate of interest payable is determined by reference to an underlying equity security. Indexed-linked notes are notes whose principal amount and/or the rate of interest payable is determined by reference to an index.
20
Foreign Companies. A foreign company is organized under the laws of a foreign country and:
Emerging Market Securities. Emerging market securities are issued by a company that:
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Debt Securities. Mortgage-backed debt securities are secured or backed by mortgages or other mortgage-related assets. Such securities may be issued by such entities as Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), commercial banks, savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, or by issuers that are affiliates of or sponsored by such entities. Other asset-backed securities are secured or backed by assets other than mortgage-related assets, such as automobile and credit card receivables, and are issued by such institutions as finance companies, finance subsidiaries of industrial companies, and investment banks.
General Risks of Investing in the Funds
Market Risk. A Fund that invests in common stocks is subject to stock market risk. Stock prices in general may decline over short or even extended periods, regardless of the success or failure of a particular company's operations. Stock markets tend to run in cycles, with periods when stock prices generally go up and periods when they generally go down. Common stock prices tend to go up and down more than those of bonds.
Interest Rate Risk. A Fund that invests in debt securities is subject to the risk that the market value of the debt securities will decline because of rising interest rates. The prices of debt securities are generally linked to the prevailing market interest rates. In general, when interest rates rise, the prices of debt securities fall, and when interest rates fall, the prices of debt securities rise. The price volatility of a debt security also depends on its maturity. Generally, the longer the maturity of a debt security the greater its sensitivity to changes in interest rates. To compensate investors for this higher risk, debt securities with longer maturities generally offer higher yields than debt securities with shorter maturities.
Credit Risk. The debt securities in a Fund's portfolio are subject to credit risk. Credit risk is the possibility that an issuer will fail to make timely payments of interest or principal. Securities rated in the lowest category of investment grade securities (rated BBB by Standard & Poor's Rating Service or Baa by Moody's Investor Service, Inc.) have some risky characteristics and changes in economic conditions are more likely to cause issuers of these securities to be unable to make payments.
Foreign Investing. Investing in foreign securities poses unique risks such as fluctuation in currency exchange rates, market illiquidity, price volatility, high trading costs, difficulties in settlement, regulations on stock exchanges, limits on foreign ownership, possibility of expropriation or nationalization, confiscatory taxation, less stringent accounting, reporting and disclosure requirements,
21
and other considerations. In the past, equity and debt instruments of foreign markets have had more frequent and larger price changes than those of U.S. markets.
Emerging Markets Risk. Investments in a country that is still relatively underdeveloped involves exposure to economic structures that are generally less diverse and mature than in the U.S. and to political and legal systems which may be less stable. In the past, markets of developing countries have had more frequent and larger price changes than those of developed countries.
Political Risk. Political risk includes a greater potential for revolts, and the taking of assets by governments. For example, a Fund may invest in Eastern Europe and former states of the Soviet Union. These countries were under communist systems that took control of private industry. This could occur again in this region or others in which a Fund may invest, in which case the Fund may lose all or part of its investment in that country's issuers.
Currency Exchange Risk. Investments that are denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar are subject to currency exchange risk. Because the value of the U.S. dollar against other currencies will vary, a decline in the exchange rate would reduce the value of certain portfolio investments. In addition, if the exchange rate for the currency in which a Fund receives dividend or interest payments declines against the U.S. dollar before such interest is paid as a dividend to the Fund's shareholders, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to pay the dividend.
Futures Contracts. There are several special risks involved with the use of futures contracts. In particular, the variable degree of correlation between price movements of futures contracts and price movements in the related portfolio position of a Fund could create the possibility that losses on the futures contract will be greater than gains in the value of the Fund's position. The loss from investing in futures transactions that are unhedged or uncovered, is potentially unlimited. In addition, futures markets could be illiquid in some circumstances and a Fund might not be able to close out certain positions without incurring substantial losses.
Small Company Investment Risk. Investing in securities of smaller, lesser-known companies involves greater risks than investing in larger, more mature, better known issuers. These increased risks include:
Small Capitalization Stock Risk. The stock prices of smaller companies may fluctuate independently of larger company stock prices. Thus, small company stocks may decline in price as large company stock prices rise, or rise in price as large company stock prices decline. Investors should, therefore, expect that to the extent a Fund invests in stock of small-capitalization companies, the net asset value of that Fund's shares may be more volatile than, and may fluctuate independently of, broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500. Furthermore, the securities of companies with small stock market capitalizations may trade less frequently and in limited volumes.
22
Recently Organized Companies. Investments in recently organized companies have the same risks as small company investments but to a greater degree.
Securities Lending. The Funds may loan their securities to institutions, such as broker-dealers, and must be secured by collateral at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities. The collateral may be in the form of cash, cash equivalents, or U.S. Government securities. A Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the institution it loaned securities to breaches its agreement with the Fund. A Fund will not loan more than one-third of the value of its assets.
Investment Adviser
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc., (the Adviser) located at River Park Center, 205 SE Spokane Street, Portland, Oregon 97202, is the investment adviser of the Company and its Funds. The Adviser has been registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended (the Advisers Act) since November 1995. As of June 30, 2001, the Adviser had approximately $280 million in assets under management, all of which were the assets of the Company.
The Adviser began managing the Company at its commencement of operations (January 4, 1996).
The Adviser is responsible for selecting Sub-Advisers who have shown good investment performance in their areas of expertise. The Board of Directors of the Company supervises the Adviser's management of the Sub-Advisers. The Company has received an Order from the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that allows the Adviser to change a Sub-Adviser, or change the terms of a sub-advisory contract, without shareholder approval. The Adviser has the ultimate responsibility to oversee the Sub-Advisers and to recommend their hiring, termination, and replacement. The Adviser also supervises the various other service providers to the Company, including the custodian, transfer agent, administration agent, and accounting services agent. In addition, the Adviser makes sure the Company complies with applicable legal requirements and also that each Fund's investment objective, policies and restrictions are followed.
Each Fund pays the Adviser a fee for its services. Out of this fee, the Adviser pays each Sub-Adviser a fee for its services. The Adviser's fee is 0.15% higher than what it pays the Sub-Advisers.
The fee paid to the Adviser by each Fund* for the year ended December 31, 2000 is shown in the table below:
Fund
|
Fee to the Adviser
(as a % of average daily net assets) |
||
---|---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund | 0.80 | % | |
|
|||
Turner Core Growth Fund | 0.45 | % | |
|
|||
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund | 0.90 | % | |
|
|||
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund** | 0.44 | % | |
|
23
The Adviser has agreed to pay any expenses (other than advisory fees, brokerage or other portfolio transaction expenses or expenses for litigation, indemnification, taxes or other expenses) exceeding 0.25% of that Fund's annualized average daily net assets, as accrued for each Fund through December 31, 2001.
Sub-Advisers
The Sub-Advisers make the day-to-day decisions regarding buying and selling specific securities for a Fund. Each Sub-Adviser manages the investments held by the Fund it serves according to the applicable investment goals and strategies.
Brandes Investment Partners, L. P. (Brandes)
11988 El Camino Real, Suite 500, San Diego, California 92191-9048
Sub-Adviser to the Brandes International Equity Fund
Effective July 1, 1998, Brandes became the Sub-Adviser to the Brandes International Equity Fund. Brandes has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1974. As of December 31, 2000, Brandes managed approximately $50 billion of assets.
The Brandes Fund is team-managed by an investment committee, whose members are senior portfolio management professionals of the firm.
Turner Investment Partners, Inc. (Turner)
1235 Westlakes Drive, Suite 350, Berwyn, Pennsylvania 19312
Sub-Adviser to the Turner Core Growth Fund
Turner has provided investment advisory services to investment companies since 1992. Turner has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1990. As of December 31, 2000, Turner managed approximately $10.1 billion of assets.
A team of investment professionals comprising an investment committee manages the Turner Fund. Robert E. Turner, John Hammerschmidt, Mark Turner and Christopher K. McHugh are members of the committee. Robert E. Turner, CFA, Chairman and Chief Investment Officer of Turner, is lead manager. Mr. Turner founded Turner in 1990. Prior to 1990, he was Senior Investment Manager with Meridian Investment Company. He has 20 years of investment experience. John Hammerschmidt, Senior Equity Portfolio Manager of Turner, joined Turner in 1992. Prior to 1992, he was Vice President in Government Securities Trading at S.G. Warburg. He has 18 years investment experience. Mark Turner, Vice Chairman of Turner, is co-manager of the Turner Fund. Mr. Turner co-founded Turner in 1990. Prior to 1990, he was Vice President and Senior Portfolio Manager with First Maryland Asset Management. He has 19 years of investment experience. Christopher K. McHugh, Senior Equity Portfolio Manager of Turner, is co-manager of the Turner Fund. Mr. McHugh joined Turner in 1990. Prior to 1990, he was a Performance Specialist with Provident Capital Management. He has 15 years of investment experience.
Frontier Capital Management Company, LLC (Frontier)
99 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02110
Sub-Adviser to the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
Frontier's investment process combines its fundamental in-depth research effort with a proprietary computer model to identify areas of investment opportunity. Frontier has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since January 1981. As of December 31, 2000, Frontier managed approximately $4.8 billion of assets.
24
Michael A. Cavarretta, CFA, is the person primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund's investment portfolio. Mr. Cavarretta holds a B.S. degree from the University of Maine and an M.B.A. degree from Harvard Business School. He joined Frontier in 1988 and has served as sole portfolio manager for Frontier's capital appreciation portfolios since 1991. Prior to attending Harvard Business School, Mr. Cavarretta was employed as a Financial Analyst with General Electric Company (1981-1986).
The Clifton Group (Clifton)
309 Clifton Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55403
Sub-Adviser to the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
Effective May 1, 2000, Clifton became the Sub-Adviser to the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund. Clifton, founded in 1973, offers enhanced equity and fixed income products and asset allocation overlay management strategies. Clifton had $18.7 billion in assets under management as of December 31, 2000. Clifton has significant expertise in the use of derivatives within its investment products and risk management is a primary emphasis of all its investment strategies.
Jack L. Hansen, CFA and Richard E. Ballsrud, CFA, share primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund's investment portfolio. Mr. Hansen is senior portfolio manager and a principal of Clifton. His responsibilities include portfolio management, research and product development. Since joining Clifton in 1985, Mr. Hansen has played a leading role in the research and development of Clifton's enhanced equity index, enhanced cash and risk management programs. Mr. Hansen earned a BS in finance and economics from Marquette University and a MS in finance from the University of Wisconsin, Madison. Mr. Ballsrud is senior portfolio manager and a principal of Clifton. He is responsible for portfolio management and the development and implementation of Clifton's fixed income and money market investment strategies. Prior to joining Clifton in 1984, Mr. Ballsrud spent ten years with two subsidiaries of The St. Paul Companies managing fixed income, money market and convertible securities in life insurance, pension and mutual fund portfolios. Mr. Ballsrud holds a BS in business administration from Mankato State University and an MBA in finance from the University of Minnesota.
Iridian Asset Management LLC (Iridian)
276 Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut 06880-4704
Sub-Adviser to the Business Opportunity Value Fund
Effective January 2, 2002, Iridian became the Sub-Adviser to the Business Opportunity Value Fund. Iridian has been registered as an investment adviser with the SEC since 1995. As of September 30, 2001, Iridian managed approximately $10.3 billion of assets.
David L. Cohen, Principal, and Harold J. Levy, Principal, share primary responsibility for the day-to-day management of the Fund's investment portfolio. Prior to joining Iridian in 1996, Mr. Cohen worked seven years as a portfolio manager with Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc., one year as a portfolio manager with Furman Selz Maer Dietz & Bierney, and three years as a portfolio manager with W.R. Family Associates. Mr. Cohen holds a B.A. in economics from Vassar College, an MBA from New York University and a JD from the University of Miami School of Law. Before joining Iridian in 1996, Mr. Levy worked over eleven years as a portfolio manager with Arnold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc. Mr. Levy holds a BA in Economics from Wesleyan University and an MBA from University of Chicago.
Similar Funds
The Funds are not available for purchase directly by the general public, and are not the same as other mutual fund portfolios with very similar or nearly identical names that are sold directly to the public. However, the investment objectives and policies of certain Funds may be very similar to the investment objectives and policies of other mutual fund portfolios that are managed by the Sub-Advisers. Nevertheless, the investment performance and results of each Fund may be lower, or higher, than the investment results of such other (publicly available) portfolio. There can be no assurance, and no representation is made, that the investment results of any of the Funds will be comparable to the investment results of any other mutual fund portfolio, even if the other portfolio is also managed by the Fund's Sub-Adviser, has the same investment objectives and policies, and has a very similar name.
25
Choosing the Appropriate Funds to Match Your Goals
Investing well requires a plan. We recommend that you meet with your financial adviser to plan a strategy that will best meet your financial goals. Your financial adviser can help you buy a variable annuity or variable life insurance contract that will allow you to choose the Funds.
Purchasing Shares
You cannot buy shares of the Funds directly. You can invest indirectly in the Funds through your purchase of a variable annuity or variable life insurance contract. You should read this Prospectus and the prospectus of the variable annuity or variable life insurance contract carefully before you choose your investment options.
The variable annuity and variable life insurance contracts are issued by separate accounts of various insurance companies. The insurance companies buy Fund shares for their separate accounts based on the instructions that they receive from the contract owners.
Market Timers
The Funds are designed as long-term investments, and they are not designed or appropriate for market timers or others that use programmed, large, or frequent transfers. Such transfers can be disruptive to proper portfolio management and harmful to other investors in the Fund. Therefore, the Company reserves the right to reject any transfer or purchase order if, in the Company's judgment, the portfolio or other investors would potentially be adversely affected.
Selling Shares
To meet various obligations under the contracts, the insurance company separate accounts may sell Fund shares to generate cash. For example, a separate account may sell Fund shares and use the proceeds to pay a contract owner who requested a partial withdrawal or who canceled a contract. Proceeds from the sale are usually sent to the separate account on the next business day. The Fund may suspend sales of shares or postpone payment dates when the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) is closed (other than weekends or holidays), when trading on the NYSE is restricted, or as otherwise permitted by the SEC.
Pricing of Fund Shares
Each Fund's share price, also called net asset value (NAV), is determined as of the close of trading, normally 4:00 p.m. New York time, on each day when the NYSE is open. The NYSE is scheduled to be open Monday through Friday throughout the year, except for certain federal and other holidays. The Fund calculates the NAV by dividing the total value of its net assets by the number of its shares outstanding.
The value of each Fund's securities and assets, except certain short-term debt securities, is based on their market values. Certain exceptions follow:
26
may change the value of a security occurs after the time that the closing value on the non-U.S. exchange was determined, the Board of Directors may decide to value the security based on fair value. This may cause the value of the security on the books of the Fund to be significantly different from the closing value on the non-U.S. exchange and may affect the calculation of a Fund's NAV.
Each of the Funds intends to distribute to its shareholders substantially all of its income and capital gains, if any, on an annual basis.
Tax Information
Because you do not own shares of the Funds directly, your tax situation is not likely to be affected by a Fund's distributions. The separate accounts in which you own a variable annuity or variable life insurance contract, as the owner of the Fund's shares, may be affected. Please refer to the prospectus for the variable annuity or variable life insurance contract for tax information regarding those products.
Other Account Performance
Each of the Funds has investment objectives, policies and strategies that are substantially similar to those employed by the Funds' Sub-Advisers with respect to certain other accounts or other investment companies which they manage ("Other Accounts"). The performance information derived from these Other Accounts may be relevant to prospective investors. The Funds' performance may vary from the respective Other Account information because its investments will vary from time to time and will not be identical to the past portfolio investments of the Other Accounts.
The charts below show actual performance information for M Fund and performance information derived from historical performance of the Other Accounts of Brandes, Turner, Frontier, Clifton and Iridian. The performance figures for the Brandes International Equity Composite, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Composite, the Turner Tax-Exempt Equity Composite, the Clifton Enhanced S&P Composite and the Iridian Private Business Value/Large Cap Equity Composite represent the actual calendar year performance results of the comparable Other Accounts net of M Fund management fees. The performance of these Other Accounts is not M Fund performance and should not be considered as an indication of the future performance of the respective Funds. Please note that performance for the Business Opportunity Value Fund is not included in the first chart below because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
27
These figures also do not reflect the deduction of any insurance fees or charges that are imposed in connection with the sale of variable life insurance and variable annuity policies by the Participating Insurance Companies. Investors should refer to the separate account prospectus describing the life insurance policies and variable annuity contracts for information pertaining to these insurance fees and charges.
M Fund Performance
|
1996(1)
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001(2)
|
Since Inception
|
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund(3) | (0.63 | )% | 2.26 | % | 15.37 | % | 47.86 | % | 4.88 | % | (7.06 | )% | 12.71 | % | |
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
19.99 |
% |
28.32 |
% |
34.56 |
% |
40.11 |
% |
(11.15 |
)% |
(15.02 |
)% |
20.89 |
% |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
30.31 |
% |
22.13 |
% |
1.68 |
% |
44.17 |
% |
7.66 |
% |
3.97 |
% |
20.25 |
% |
Clifton Enhanced US Equity Fund(4) |
|
23.67 |
% |
32.68 |
% |
23.69 |
% |
26.07 |
% |
(9.96 |
)% |
(7.88 |
)% |
18.19 |
% |
Other Account Performance Information
|
1991
|
1992
|
1993
|
1994
|
1995
|
1996
|
1997
|
1998
|
1999
|
2000
|
2001*
|
3
YR^ |
5
YR^ |
10
YR^ |
Since
Inception + |
|||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brandes Investment Partners/Brandes International Equity Composite | 40.5 | 6.6 | 41.2 | (2.8 | ) | 14.0 | 16.4 | 20.0 | 15.0 | 53.8 | 2.7 | (7.2 | ) | 13.9 | 17.2 | 16.8 | 16.4 | |||||||||||||
MSCI EAFE Index |
|
12.1 |
|
(12.2 |
) |
32.6 |
|
7.8 |
|
11.2 |
|
6.1 |
|
1.8 |
|
20.0 |
|
27.0 |
|
(14.2 |
) |
(14.6 |
) |
(1.3 |
) |
2.8 |
|
6.4 |
|
4.6 |
Turner Investment Partners/Turner Tax-Exempt Equity Composite |
|
50.4 |
|
12.2 |
|
15.3 |
|
(5.3 |
) |
29.6 |
|
19.3 |
|
32.4 |
|
34.5 |
|
41.6 |
|
(10.5 |
) |
(14.0 |
) |
6.6 |
|
16.0 |
|
16.8 |
|
16.9 |
Wilshire 5000 Stock Index |
|
34.2 |
|
9.0 |
|
11.3 |
|
(0.1 |
) |
36.5 |
|
21.2 |
|
31.3 |
|
23.4 |
|
23.6 |
|
(10.6 |
) |
(5.8 |
) |
3.5 |
|
13.1 |
|
14.6 |
|
13.5 |
Frontier Capital Management/Frontier Capital Appreciation Composite |
|
27.9 |
|
22.2 |
|
28.0 |
|
3.3 |
|
31.7 |
|
30.7 |
|
19.2 |
|
(0.2 |
) |
44.7 |
|
8.1 |
|
5.1 |
|
18.1 |
|
17.9 |
|
20.7 |
|
19.5 |
Russell 2500 Stock Index |
|
46.7 |
|
16.2 |
|
16.5 |
|
(1.1 |
) |
31.7 |
|
19.1 |
|
24.4 |
|
(0.4 |
) |
24.2 |
|
4.3 |
|
3.9 |
|
8.5 |
|
12.6 |
|
15.2 |
|
13.3 |
The Clifton Group/Clifton Enhanced S&P Composite |
|
32.6 |
|
8.2 |
|
10.7 |
|
0.6 |
|
37.5 |
|
23.7 |
|
34.2 |
|
30.3 |
|
20.7 |
|
7.8 |
|
(6.4 |
) |
5.2 |
|
15.7 |
|
16.1 |
|
15.0 |
S&P 500 Index |
|
30.4 |
|
7.6 |
|
10.1 |
|
1.3 |
|
37.5 |
|
22.8 |
|
33.5 |
|
28.6 |
|
21.0 |
|
(9.1 |
) |
(6.7 |
) |
3.9 |
|
14.5 |
|
15.1 |
|
14.0 |
Iridian Asset Management/Iridian Private Business Value/Large Cap Equity Composite |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
28.5 |
|
32.1 |
|
22.6 |
|
27.5 |
|
6.7 |
|
(1.1 |
) |
11.2 |
|
19.7 |
|
N/A |
|
20.6 |
Russell 1000 Value Index |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
N/A |
|
22.5 |
|
32.9 |
|
27.0 |
|
20.9 |
|
(7.8 |
) |
(1.3 |
) |
17.0 |
|
15.0 |
|
N/A |
|
15.0 |
See accompanying Notes to M Fund and Other Account Performance Information.
28
Notes to M Fund and Other Account Performance Information
1. Returns for the M Fund are net of management fees and operating expenses. Returns for the Brandes International Equity Composite, the Turner Tax-Exempt Equity Composite, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Composite, the Clifton Enhanced S&P Composite and the Iridian Private Business Value/Large Cap Equity Composite are net of M Fund management fees: 0.80%, 0.45%, 0.90%, 0.44% and 0.65%, respectively. The operating expenses for all Other Accounts, which may be different from those of M Fund, have been deducted from the returns of the above referenced composites.
2. Returns of the Other Accounts are based on accounts managed using substantially similar investment objectives, policies and strategies and are based on the following: returns for Brandes Investment Partners' Other Accounts are those of the manager's International Equity Composite; returns for Turner Investment Partners' Other Accounts are those of the manager's Turner Tax-Exempt Equity Composite; returns for Frontier Capital Management's Other Accounts are those of the manager's Capital Appreciation Composite; returns for The Clifton Group's Other Accounts are those of the manager's Enhanced S&P Composite; returns for Iridian Asset Management LLC's Other Accounts are those of the manager's Private Business Value/Large Cap Equity Composite.
3. Returns of the Other Accounts are based on accounts that collectively have substantially higher net assets than that of the Funds. The Funds commenced operations on January 4,1996 and, therefore, are smaller than the managers' established accounts.
4. Returns for the Brandes International Equity Composite, the Turner Tax-Exempt Equity Composite, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Composite, the Clifton Enhanced S&P Composite and the Iridian Private Business Value/Large Cap Equity Composite are based on accounts that are not subject to certain investment limitations, diversification requirements, and other restrictions imposed by the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, (the 1940 Act) and the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the Code), which, if applicable, may have adversely affected the performance results.
5. The Morgan Stanley Capital International EAFE (MSCI EAFE) Index is an unmanaged index consisting of more than 900 securities listed on exchanges in European, Australasian and Far Eastern markets and includes dividends and distributions, but does not reflect fees, brokerage commissions or other expenses of investing. The Wilshire 5000 Equity Index is a capitalization weighted stock index representing all domestic common stocks traded regularly on the organized exchanges. The Wilshire 5000 Index is the broadest measure of the aggregate domestic stock market. The Russell 2500 Index is a capitalization weighted stock index representing the bottom 500 stocks in the Russell 1000 Index and all stocks in the Russell 2000. The S&P 500 Stock Index is a capitalization weighted index of 500 large stocks, representing approximately 70% of the broad U.S. equity market. The stocks represent the largest companies in 88 industries. The S&P 500 Index is calculated on a total return basis, which includes reinvestment of gross dividends before deduction of withholding taxes. The Russell 1000 Value Index measures the performance of those Russell 1000 companies with lower price-to-book ratios and lower forecasted growth values.
6. Performance returns for the Other Accounts may have been extracted from performance information that has been prepared and presented in compliance with the Association for Investment Management and Research (AIMR) Performance Presentation Standards. Reports on such preparation and presentation are available to the investor upon request.
29
The financial highlights tables are intended to help you understand each Fund's financial performance for the period of the Fund's operation. Certain information reflects results for a single Fund share. The total returns in the table represent the rate that an investor would have earned or lost on an investment in the Fund (assuming reinvestment of all dividends and distributions). These total return figures do not reflect any fees or charges deducted from the insurance company separate account or from the variable annuity or life insurance policies, which, if reflected, would result in lower total return figures. Please note that financial highlights for the Business Opportunity Value Fund are not included because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
The Company's financial statements and report of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, independent accountants, included in the Annual Report to Shareholders for the Company's fiscal year ended December 31, 2000 are incorporated by reference into the Statement of Additional Information, as are the Company's financial statements included in the Semi-Annual Report to Shareholders for the six months ended June 30, 2001. The information contained in the Semi-Annual Report has not been audited by PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP. The following data should be read in conjunction with such financial statements, related notes, and other financial information contained in the Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report. The Annual Report and Semi-Annual Report contain additional performance information about the Funds and are available without charge and upon request by calling (888) 736-2878.
30
M FUND, INC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD
|
Brandes International Equity Fund
|
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2001 (unaudited) |
Year Ended
December 31, 2000 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1999 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1998 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1997 |
Period Ended
December 31, 1996(a) |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 14.95 | $ | 15.52 | $ | 10.84 | $ | 9.96 | $ | 9.88 | $ | 10.00 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 0.17 | 0.18 | 0.10 | 0.09 | 0.07 | 0.06 | |||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (1.23 | ) | 0.57 | 5.09 | 1.44 | 0.15 | (0.12 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (1.06 | ) | 0.75 | 5.19 | 1.53 | 0.22 | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Less distributions to shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.00 | )# | (0.18 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.06 | ) | (0.07 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||
In excess of net investment income | | | | | (0.03 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
From net realized capital gains | (0.03 | ) | (1.14 | ) | (0.42 | ) | (0.53 | ) | | | |||||||||||
In excess of net realized capital gains | | | | (0.06 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
Tax return of capital | | | | | (0.04 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.03 | ) | (1.32 | ) | (0.51 | ) | (0.65 | ) | (0.14 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 13.86 | $ | 14.95 | $ | 15.52 | $ | 10.84 | $ | 9.96 | $ | 9.88 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total Return | (7.06 | )%* | 4.88 | % | 47.86 | % | 15.37 | % | 2.26 | % | (0.63 | )%* | |||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's) | $ | 103,971 | $ | 96,292 | $ | 48,508 | $ | 12,383 | $ | 6,034 | $ | 3,177 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets before interest expense** | 1.01 | % | 1.05 | % | 1.24 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.30 | % | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets after interest expense** | 1.01 | % | 1.05 | % | 1.24 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.30 | % | 1.30 | % | |||||||||
Net investment income to average daily net assets** | 2.51 | % | 1.59 | % | 1.31 | % | 1.00 | % | 0.83 | % | 0.67 | % | |||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 11 | %* | 18 | % | 19 | % | 116 | % | 74 | % | 65 | %* | |||||||||
Without the reimbursement of expenses by the adviser, the ratio of net expenses and net investment income (loss) to average net assets would have been: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses before interest expense** | N/A | 1.19 | % | 1.93 | % | 3.57 | % | 4.93 | % | 7.28 | % | ||||||||||
Net investment income (loss)** | N/A | 1.45 | % | 0.61 | % | (1.27 | )% | (2.80 | )% | (5.31 | )% |
31
M FUND, INC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD
|
Turner Core Growth Fund
|
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2001 (unaudited) |
Year Ended
December 31, 2000 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1999 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1998 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1997 |
Period Ended
December 31, 1996(a) |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 17.56 | $ | 22.93 | $ | 17.84 | $ | 13.50 | $ | 11.60 | $ | 10.00 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 0.00 | # | 0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 | 0.04 | 0.06 | ||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (2.64 | ) | (2.48 | ) | 6.92 | 4.64 | 3.22 | 1.94 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (2.64 | ) | (2.47 | ) | 6.94 | 4.66 | 3.26 | 2.00 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Less distributions to shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.00 | )# | (0.01 | ) | (0.02 | ) | (0.03 | ) | (0.04 | ) | (0.06 | ) | |||||||||
From net realized capital gains | | (2.89 | ) | (1.83 | ) | (0.29 | ) | (1.22 | ) | (0.34 | ) | ||||||||||
In excess of net realized capital gains | | | | | (0.10 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.00 | )# | (2.90 | ) | (1.85 | ) | (0.32 | ) | (1.36 | ) | (0.40 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 14.92 | $ | 17.56 | $ | 22.93 | $ | 17.84 | $ | 13.50 | $ | 11.60 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total Return | (15.02 | )%* | (11.15 | )% | 40.11 | % | 34.56 | % | 28.32 | % | 19.99 | %* | |||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net assets, end of period (000's) | $ | 47,011 | $ | 42,688 | $ | 52,926 | $ | 13,880 | $ | 3,820 | $ | 2,003 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets before interest expense** | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets after interest expense** | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.70 | % | 0.78 | % | |||||||||
Net investment income to average daily net assets** | 0.10 | % | 0.05 | % | 0.19 | % | 0.31 | % | 0.34 | % | 0.55 | % | |||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 189 | % | 421 | % | 286 | % | 242 | % | 206 | % | 258 | %* | |||||||||
Without the reimbursement of expenses by the adviser, the ratio of net expenses and net investment loss to average net assets would have been: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses before interest expense** | 0.93 | % | 0.91 | % | 1.40 | % | 3.42 | % | 6.18 | % | 8.43 | % | |||||||||
Net investment loss** | (0.13 | )% | (0.16 | )% | (0.51 | )% | (2.41 | )% | (5.14 | )% | (7.18 | )% |
32
M FUND, INC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD
|
|
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
|
|||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2001 (unaudited) |
Year Ended
December 31, 2000 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1999 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1998 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1997 |
Period Ended
December 31, 1996(a) |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 17.25 | $ | 21.12 | $ | 15.09 | $ | 14.92 | $ | 12.52 | $ | 10.00 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment loss | (0.03 | ) | | (0.09 | ) | (0.04 | ) | | | ||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain on investments | 0.71 | 1.72 | 6.74 | 0.29 | 2.76 | 3.03 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | 0.68 | 1.72 | 6.65 | 0.25 | 2.76 | 3.03 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Less distributions to shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||
From net realized capital gains | (0.15 | ) | (5.59 | ) | (0.62 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.51 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.15 | ) | (5.59 | ) | (0.62 | ) | (0.08 | ) | (0.36 | ) | (0.51 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 17.78 | $ | 17.25 | $ | 21.12 | $ | 15.09 | $ | 14.92 | $ | 12.52 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total Return | 3.97 | %* | 7.66 | % | 44.17 | % | 1.68 | % | 22.13 | % | 30.31 | %* | |||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
||
Net assets, end of period (000's) | $ | 86,047 | $ | 68,209 | $ | 47,919 | $ | 31,778 | $ | 16,628 | $ | 3,006 | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets before interest expense** | 1.14 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets after interest expense** | 1.14 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.15 | % | 1.20 | % | |||||||||
Net investment loss to average daily net assets** | (0.37 | )% | (0.23 | )% | (0.57 | )% | (0.32 | )% | (0.13 | )% | (0.30 | )% | |||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 14 | %* | 103 | % | 75 | % | 68 | % | 61 | % | 140 | %* | |||||||||
Without the reimbursement of expenses by the adviser, the ratio of net expenses and net investment loss to average net assets would have been: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses before interest expense** | 1.15 | % | 1.23 | % | 1.47 | % | 1.75 | % | 2.86 | % | 8.12 | % | |||||||||
Net investment loss** | (0.38 | )% | (0.31 | )% | (0.90 | )% | (0.92 | )% | (1.84 | )% | (7.27 | )% |
33
M FUND, INC.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
(FOR A SHARE OUTSTANDING THROUGHOUT THE PERIOD
|
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
|
||||||||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Six Months Ended
June 30, 2001 (unaudited) |
Year Ended
December 31, 2000(1) |
Year Ended
December 31, 1999 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1998 |
Year Ended
December 31, 1997 |
Period Ended
December 31, 1996(a) |
|||||||||||||||
Net asset value, beginning of period | $ | 16.32 | $ | 20.97 | $ | 18.07 | $ | 15.09 | $ | 11.85 | $ | 10.00 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Income from investment operations: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net investment income | 0.36 | (2) | 0.61 | 0.10 | 0.11 | 0.08 | 0.12 | ||||||||||||||
Net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on investments | (1.65 | ) | (2.64 | ) | 4.60 | 3.45 | 3.78 | 2.25 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total from investment operations | (1.29 | ) | (2.03 | ) | 4.70 | 3.56 | 3.86 | 2.37 | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Less distributions to shareholders: | |||||||||||||||||||||
From net investment income | (0.02 | ) | (0.59 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.10 | ) | (0.09 | ) | (0.12 | ) | |||||||||
In excess of net investment income | | | | (0.01 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
From net realized capital gains | | (2.03 | ) | (1.70 | ) | (0.35 | ) | (0.53 | ) | (0.40 | ) | ||||||||||
In excess of net realized capital gains | | | | (0.12 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total distributions | (0.02 | ) | (2.62 | ) | (1.80 | ) | (0.58 | ) | (0.62 | ) | (0.52 | ) | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Net asset value, end of period | $ | 15.01 | $ | 16.32 | $ | 20.97 | $ | 18.07 | $ | 15.09 | $ | 11.85 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
||||||||||||||||
Total Return | (7.88 | )%* | (9.96 | )% | 26.07 | % | 23.69 | % | 32.68 | % | 23.67 | %* | |||||||||
Ratios/Supplemental Data: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Net assets, end of period (000's) | $ | 43,852 | $ | 27,558 | $ | 22,863 | $ | 15,082 | $ | 7,345 | $ | 1,582 | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets before interest expense** | 0.64 | % | 0.69 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | |||||||||
Net expenses to average daily net assets after interest expense** | 0.64 | % | 0.69 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | 0.80 | % | |||||||||
Net investment income to average daily net assets** | 4.70 | % | 3.36 | % | 0.56 | % | 0.80 | % | 1.17 | % | 1.43 | % | |||||||||
Portfolio turnover rate | 65 | %* | 179 | % | 69 | % | 50 | % | 52 | % | 79 | %* | |||||||||
Without the reimbursement of expenses by the adviser, the ratio of net expenses and net investment income (loss) to average net assets would have been: | |||||||||||||||||||||
Expenses before interest expense** | 0.78 | % | 1.22 | % | 1.63 | % | 2.34 | % | 5.41 | % | 12.32 | % | |||||||||
Net investment income (loss) ** | 4.56 | % | 2.83 | % | (0.26 | )% | (0.74 | )% | (3.44 | )% | (10.09 | )% |
34
For investors who want more information about the Funds, the following documents are available free upon request.
Statement of Additional Information (SAI): The SAI provides more detailed information about the Funds and is legally a part of this prospectus (it is incorporated herein by reference).
Annual/Semi-Annual Reports: The Company's annual and semi-annual reports provide additional information about the Funds' investments. In the annual report, you will find a discussion of the market conditions and investment strategies that significantly affected the Funds' performance during the Company's last fiscal year.
You can get free copies of the SAI, the reports, other information and answers to your questions about the Funds by contacting your financial adviser, or by writing to or calling the Company at:
M
Fund, Inc.
205 SE Spokane Street
Portland, Oregon 97202
(888) 736-2878
You can review and copy the SAI, the reports, and other information at the Public Reference Room of the Securities and Exchange Commission in Washington, D.C. Call (202) 942-8090 for information on the operation of the Public Reference Room.
You can also view the SAI, the reports and other information on the Commission's Internet website at http://www.sec.gov. You can request copies of this material for a fee by writing to: Public Reference Section/U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission/450 Fifth Street, N.W./Washington, D.C. 20549-6009, or by electronic request at the following E-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
M FUND, INC.
Brandes International Equity Fund
Turner Core Growth Fund
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
Business Opportunity Value Fund
Investment Company Act file no. 811-9082
35
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
M FUND, INC.
Brandes International Equity Fund
Turner Core Growth Fund
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund
Business Opportunity Value Fund
January 2, 2002
This Statement of Additional Information ("SAI") is not a prospectus. Much of the information contained in this SAI expands upon information discussed in the prospectus for M Fund, Inc. (the "Company") and should, therefore, be read in conjunction with the prospectus for the Company. To obtain a copy of the Prospectus with the same date as this SAI, write to the Company at River Park Center, 205 S.E. Spokane Street, Portland, Oregon 97202, Attn: M Fund Administration, or call (888) 736-2878.
Financial statements are incorporated by reference into this SAI from the Company's most recent annual report.
|
Page
|
|
---|---|---|
The Company and the Funds | 3 | |
Investment Strategies and Risks |
|
4 |
Fund Policies |
|
17 |
Management of the Funds |
|
21 |
Investment Advisory and Other Services |
|
22 |
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices |
|
27 |
Capital Stock and Other Securities |
|
28 |
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares |
|
29 |
Tax Information |
|
30 |
Performance Information |
|
31 |
Other Information |
|
33 |
Appendix ADescription of Corporate Bond Ratings |
|
A-1 |
Appendix BDescription of Commercial Paper Ratings |
|
B-1 |
2
M Fund, Inc. (the "Company") is an open-end management investment company established as a Maryland corporation on August 11, 1995. The Company consists of five separate investment portfolios or funds (each a "Fund" and, collectively, the "Funds"), each of which is, in effect, a separate mutual fund. Each Fund is an open-end management investment company and is diversified. The Company issues a separate class of stock for each Fund representing fractional undivided interests in that Fund. By investing in a Fund, an investor becomes entitled to a pro rata share of all dividends and distributions arising from the net income and capital gains on the investments of that Fund. Likewise, an investor shares pro rata in any losses of that Fund.
Pursuant to an investment advisory agreement and subject to the authority of the Company's board of directors (the "Board of Directors"), M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. (the "Adviser") serves as the Company's investment adviser and conducts the business and affairs of the Company. The Adviser has engaged the following sub-advisers to act as Sub-Advisers to provide the day-to-day portfolio management for the respective Funds:
Fund
|
Sub-Adviser
|
|
---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund | Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. | |
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
Turner Investment Partners, Inc. |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
Frontier Capital Management Company, LLC |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund |
|
The Clifton Group |
Business Opportunity Value Fund |
|
Iridian Asset Management LLC |
The Company currently offers one or more classes of its stock to separate accounts of certain insurance companies (the "Participating Insurance Companies") as the underlying funding vehicles for certain variable life insurance policies (the "Policies") issued by the Participating Insurance Companies. The Company may also offer its stock to variable annuity policies and qualified pension and retirement plans. The Company does not offer its stock directly to the general public. Each such separate account has a separate prospectus, which accompanies the prospectus for the Company (the "Prospectus"), describing that separate account and the Policies. The prospectus for that separate account and the Policies, should be read in conjunction with the Prospectus.
Terms appearing in this SAI that are defined in the Prospectus have the same meaning in this SAI as in the Prospectus.
3
Investment Strategies and Risks
Investments
Some or all of the Funds may utilize the following investment techniques or make the following types of investments. However (unless otherwise stated in this SAI or in the Prospectus), it is anticipated that no Fund will have more than 5% of its assets invested in any one of the following:
Foreign Investments
Each of the Funds may invest in securities of companies organized outside the United States or of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States ("foreign issuers"). Because investments in foreign issuers may involve currencies of foreign countries, because a Fund may temporarily hold funds in bank deposits in foreign currencies during completion of investment programs, and because a Fund may be subject to currency exposure independent of its securities positions, the Fund may be affected favorably or unfavorably by changes in currency rates and in exchange control regulations and may incur costs in connection with conversions between various currencies.
Foreign investment markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Mail and courier service and other communications between the United States and foreign countries may be slower or less reliable than within the United States, thus increasing the risk of delayed settlements of portfolio transactions or loss of certificates for portfolio securities.
Risks Related to Foreign Investments. Investments in the securities of foreign issuers, or investments in securities denominated or quoted in a currency other than the U.S. dollar ("non-dollar securities"), may present potential benefits and risks not associated with investments solely in securities of domestic issuers or U.S. dollar-denominated securities. Each of the Funds may invest in securities of foreign issuers. The Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Turner Core Growth Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may invest up to 10% of the value of their total assets in securities of foreign issuers that are listed on United States exchanges or are represented by American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"). The Brandes International Equity Fund also may invest in non-dollar securities. (However, the Brandes International Equity Fund may not invest in Canadian government securities, and the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund, the Turner Core Growth Fund, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may not invest in any foreign
4
government securities.) Benefits of investing in foreign issuers or non-dollar securities may include the opportunity to invest in foreign issuers that appear, in the opinion of the Sub-Adviser, to offer better opportunity for long-term capital appreciation or current earnings than investments in domestic issuers, the opportunity to invest in foreign countries with economic policies or business cycles different from those of the United States, and the opportunity to reduce fluctuations in portfolio value by taking advantage of foreign securities markets that do not necessarily move in a manner parallel to U.S. markets.
Investing in non-dollar securities or in the securities of foreign issuers involves significant risks that are not typically associated with investing in U.S. dollar-denominated securities or in securities of domestic issuers. Such investments may be affected by changes in currency rates, changes in foreign or U.S. laws or restrictions applicable to such investments and in exchange control regulations (e.g., currency blockage). For example, a decline in the exchange rate would reduce the value of certain portfolio investments. In addition, if the exchange rate for the currency in which a Fund receives dividend or interest payments declines against the U.S. dollar before such interest is paid as a dividend to the Fund's shareholders, the Fund may have to sell portfolio securities to obtain sufficient cash to pay the dividend. The Brandes International Equity Fund may engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts to hedge its foreign currency exposure; however, such investments also entail certain risks (described herein). Some foreign stock markets may have substantially less volume than, for example, the New York Stock Exchange, and securities of some foreign issuers may be less liquid than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Commissions and dealer mark-ups on transactions in foreign investments may be higher than for similar transactions in the United States. In addition, clearance and settlement procedures may be different in foreign countries and, in certain markets, on certain occasions, such procedures have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, thus making it difficult to conduct such transactions. For example, delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of a Fund is uninvested and no return is earned thereon. The inability of a Fund to make intended investments due to settlement problems could cause it to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities or other investments due to settlement problems could result either in losses to a Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio investment or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the investment, could result in possible liability to the purchaser.
Foreign issuers are not generally subject to uniform accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards comparable to those applicable to domestic companies. There may be less publicly available information about a foreign issuer than about a domestic one. In addition, there is generally less government regulation of stock exchanges, brokers, and listed and unlisted issuers in foreign countries than in the United States. Furthermore, with respect to certain foreign countries, there is a possibility of expropriation or confiscatory taxation, imposition of withholding taxes on dividend or interest payments, limitations on the removal of funds or other assets of a Fund, or political or social instability or diplomatic developments which could affect investments in those countries. Individual foreign economies also may differ favorably or unfavorably from the United States economy in such respects as growth of gross national product, rate of inflation, capital reinvestment, resource self-sufficiency and balance of payments position.
Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by ADRs, which represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or foreign correspondent bank. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars.
Foreign Currency Transactions. Because investment in foreign issuers will usually involve currencies of foreign countries, and because the Funds may be exposed to currency exposure independent of their securities positions, the value of the assets of the Funds invested in foreign issuers as measured in U.S. dollars will be affected by changes in foreign currency exchange rates. To the
5
extent that a Fund's assets consist of investments denominated in a particular currency, the Fund's exposure to adverse developments affecting the value of such currency will increase.
Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, along with other factors, a Fund's net asset value to fluctuate as well. Currency exchange rates generally are determined by the forces of supply and demand in the foreign exchange markets and the relative merits of investments in different countries, actual or anticipated changes in interest rates and other complex factors, as seen from an international perspective. Currency exchange rates also can be affected unpredictably by intervention by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or the failure to intervene, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent that a substantial portion of a Fund's total assets, adjusted to reflect the Fund's net position after giving effect to currency transactions, is denominated in the currencies of foreign countries, the Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.
The Brandes International Equity Fund in its sole discretion may, but is not obligated under any circumstances to, enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts for hedging purposes in order to protect against anticipated changes in future foreign currency exchange rates solely for the purpose of settling trades. A forward foreign currency exchange contract involves an obligation to purchase or sell a specific currency at a future date, which may be any fixed number of days from the date of the contract agreed upon by the parties, at a price set at the time of the contract. These contracts are traded in the interbank market conducted directly between currency traders (usually large commercial banks) and their customers. The market in forward foreign currency exchange contracts offers less protection against defaults by the other party to such instruments than is available for currency instruments traded on an exchange. A forward contract generally has no deposit requirement, and no commissions are generally charged at any stage for trades.
At the maturity of a forward contract the Fund may either accept or make delivery of the currency specified in the contract or, at or prior to maturity, enter into a closing purchase transaction involving the purchase or sale of an offsetting contract. Closing purchase transactions with respect to forward contracts are usually effected with the currency trader who is a party to the original forward contract.
The Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts in several circumstances. First, when the Fund enters into a contract for the purchase or sale of a security denominated or noted in a foreign currency, or when the Fund anticipates the receipt in a foreign currency of dividend or interest payments on such a security which it holds, the Fund may desire to "lock in" the U.S. dollar price of the security or the U.S. dollar equivalent of such dividend or interest payment, as the case may be. By entering into a forward contract for the purchase or sale, for a fixed amount of dollars, of the amount of foreign currency involved in the underlying transactions, the Fund will attempt to protect itself against an adverse change in the relationship between the U.S. dollar and the subject foreign currency during the period between the date on which the security is purchased or sold, or on which the dividend or interest payment is declared, and the date on which such payments are made or received.
Upon instructions from the Sub-Adviser, the Fund's custodian will segregate cash or high quality, liquid securities in an amount equal to the value of the Fund's total assets committed to the consummation of forward foreign currency exchange contracts requiring the Fund to purchase foreign currencies or forward contracts entered into for non-hedging purposes. If the value of the securities placed in the segregated account declines, additional cash or securities will be placed in the account on a daily basis so that the value of the account will equal the amount of the Fund's commitments with respect to such contracts. The segregated account will be marked-to-market on a daily basis. Although the contracts are not presently regulated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission ("CFTC"), the CFTC may in the future assert authority to regulate these contracts. In such event, the Fund's ability to utilize forward foreign currency exchange contracts may be restricted.
6
While the Fund will enter into forward contracts to reduce currency exchange rate risks, transactions in such contracts involve certain other risks. Thus, while the Fund may benefit from such transactions, unanticipated changes in currency prices may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not engaged in any such transactions. Moreover, there may be imperfect correlation between the Fund's portfolio holdings of securities denominated in a particular currency and forward contracts entered into by the Fund. Such imperfect correlation may cause the Fund to sustain losses which will prevent the Fund from achieving a complete hedge or expose the Fund to risk of foreign exchange loss.
Forward contracts are subject to the risk that the counterparty to such contract will default on its obligations. Since a forward foreign currency exchange contract is not guaranteed by an exchange or clearinghouse, a default on the contract would deprive the Fund of unrealized profits, transaction costs or expected benefits of a currency hedge or force the Fund to cover its purchase or sale commitments, if any, at the current market price. The Fund will not enter into such transactions unless the credit quality of the unsecured senior debt or the claims-paying ability of the counterparty is considered to be investment grade by the Sub-Adviser.
Investments in ADRs, EDRs, IDRs, and GDRs. Many securities of foreign issuers are represented by American Depositary Receipts ("ADRs"), European Depositary Receipts ("EDRs"), International Depositary Receipts ("IDRs"), and Global Depositary Receipts ("GDRs"). Each of the Funds may invest in ADRs.
ADRs represent the right to receive securities of foreign issuers deposited in a domestic bank or a foreign correspondent bank. Prices of ADRs are quoted in U.S. dollars, and ADRs are traded in the United States on exchanges or over-the-counter and are sponsored or unsponsored and issued by domestic banks. ADRs do not eliminate all the risk inherent in investing in the securities of foreign issuers. To the extent that a Fund acquires ADRs through banks which do not have a contractual relationship with the foreign issuer of the security underlying the ADR to issue and service such ADRs (i.e., unsponsored programs), there may be an increased possibility that the Fund would not become aware of and be able to respond to corporate actions such as stock splits or rights offerings involving the foreign issuer in a timely manner. In addition, the lack of information may result in inefficiencies in the valuation of such instruments. However, by investing in ADRs rather than directly in the stock of foreign issuers, a Fund will avoid currency risks during the settlement period for purchases and sales. In general, there is a large, liquid market in the United States for ADRs quoted on a national securities exchange or the Nasdaq National Market. The information available for ADRs is subject to the accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards of the domestic market or exchange on which they are traded, which standards are more uniform and more exacting than those to which many foreign issuers may be subject.
The Brandes International Equity Fund may also invest in EDRs, IDRs, and GDRs, which are receipts evidencing an arrangement with a bank similar to that for ADRs and are designed for use in the foreign securities markets. EDRs, IDRs, and GDRs are not necessarily quoted in the same currency as the underlying security.
Emerging Market Securities
The Brandes International Equity Fund may invest up to 20% of its total assets, measured at the time of purchase, at cost in countries or regions with relatively low gross national product per capita compared to the world's major economies, and in countries or regions with the potential for rapid economic growth (emerging markets). Emerging markets will include any country: (i) having an "emerging stock market" as defined by the International Finance Corporation; (ii) with low-to-middle income economies according to the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the "World Bank"); (iii) listed in World Bank publications as developing; or (iv) determined by the Adviser
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to be an emerging market as defined above. The Fund may invest in securities of:(i) companies the principal securities trading market for which is an emerging market country; (ii) companies organized under the laws of, and with a principal office in, an emerging market country; (iii) companies whose principal activities are located in emerging market countries; or (iv) companies traded in any market that derives 50% or more of their total revenue from either goods or services produced in an emerging market or sold in an emerging market.
Risks Related to Emerging Market Securities. The risks of investing in foreign securities may be intensified in the case of investments in emerging markets. Securities of many issuers in emerging markets may be less liquid and more volatile than securities of comparable domestic issuers. Emerging markets also have different clearance and settlement procedures, and in certain markets there have been times when settlements have been unable to keep pace with the volume of securities transactions, making it difficult to conduct such transactions. Delays in settlement could result in temporary periods when a portion of the assets of the Fund is uninvested and no return is earned on the assets. The inability of the Fund to make intended security purchases due to settlement problems could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities. Inability to dispose of portfolio securities due to settlement problems could result either in losses to the Fund due to subsequent declines in value of the portfolio security or, if the Fund has entered into a contract to sell the security, in possible liability to the purchaser. Certain markets may require payment for securities before delivery.
Securities prices in emerging markets can be significantly more volatile than in the more developed nations of the world, reflecting the greater uncertainties of investing in less established markets and economies. In particular, countries with emerging markets may have relatively unstable governments, present the risk of nationalization of businesses, restrictions on foreign ownership, or prohibitions on repatriation of assets, and may have less protection of property rights than more developed countries. The economies of countries with emerging markets may be predominantly based on only a few industries, may be highly vulnerable to changes in local or global trade conditions, and may suffer from extreme and volatile debt burdens or inflation rates. Local securities markets may trade a small number of securities and may be unable to respond effectively to increases in trading volume, potentially making prompt liquidation of substantial holdings difficult or impossible at times. Securities of issuers located in countries with emerging markets may have limited marketability and may be subject to more abrupt or erratic price movements.
Certain emerging markets may require governmental approval for the repatriation of investment income, capital or the proceeds of sales of securities by foreign investors. In addition, if a deterioration occurs in an emerging market's balance of payments or for other reasons, a country could impose temporary restrictions on foreign capital remittances. A Fund could be adversely affected by delays in, or a refusal to grant, any required governmental approval for repatriation of capital, as well as by the application to the Fund of any restrictions on investments.
Fixed-Income Securities
The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund may invest in fixed-income securities (the Brandes International Equity Fund, Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund, Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund and Business Opportunity Value Fund may invest in convertible securities; see discussion below). Fixed-income securities tend to decrease in value when prevailing interest rates rise and increase in value when prevailing interest rates fall. Because the value of a Fund's investments in fixed-income securities is interest rate sensitive, its performance may be affected by the Sub-Adviser's ability to anticipate and respond to fluctuations in market interest rates. Fixed-income securities include U.S. Government securities, debt obligations of states or municipalities or state or municipal government agencies or instrumentalities, corporate debt obligations, preferred stock, zero coupon bonds, deferred interest bonds and bank obligations (such as certificates of deposit and banker's acceptances).
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U.S. Government Securities. The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund may invest in U.S. Government securities. U.S. Government securities are obligations issued or guaranteed by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities. Some U.S. Government securities, such as Treasury bills, notes and bonds, which differ only in their interest rates, maturities and times of issuance, are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Others, such as obligations issued or guaranteed by U.S. Government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities are supported either by (a) the full faith and credit of the U.S. Government (such as securities of the Small Business Administration), (b) the right of the issuer to borrow from the Treasury (such as securities of the Federal Home Loan Banks), (c) the discretionary authority of the U.S. Government to purchase the agency's obligations (such as securities of the Federal National Mortgage Association), or (d) only the credit of the issuer. No assurance can be given that the U.S. Government will provide financial support to U.S. Government agencies, authorities or instrumentalities in the future. U.S. Government securities may also include zero coupon bonds.
Securities guaranteed as to principal and interest by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities are considered to include (a) securities for which the payment of principal and interest is backed by a guarantee of or an irrevocable letter of credit issued by the U.S. Government, its agencies, authorities or instrumentalities and (b) participation in loans made to foreign governments or their agencies that are so guaranteed.
The secondary market for certain of these participations is limited. Such participations may therefore be regarded as illiquid.
Floating and Variable Rate Obligations
The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund may invest in floating and variable rate obligations, which are debt obligations with a floating or variable rate of interest, i.e. the rate of interest varies with changes in specified market rates or indices, such as the prime rate, or at specified intervals. Certain floating or variable rate obligations may carry a demand feature that permits the holder to tender them back to the issuer of the underlying instrument, or to a third party, at par value prior to maturity.
Risks Related to Floating and Variable Rate Obligations. While floating and variable rate obligations provide a certain degree of protection against rises in interest rates, an investment in these obligations will also participate in any declines in interest rates as well. Certain types of floating rate obligations may exhibit greater price volatility than a fixed rate obligation of similar credit quality.
Mortgage-Backed Securities and Asset-Backed Debt Securities
The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund may invest in mortgage-backed debt securities, which are secured or backed by mortgages or other mortgage-related assets. Such securities may be issued by such entities as Government National Mortgage Association ("GNMA"), Federal National Mortgage Association ("FNMA"), Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation ("FHLMC"), commercial banks, savings and loan associations, mortgage banks, or by issuers that are affiliates of or sponsored by such entities. Other asset-backed securities are secured or backed by assets other than mortgage-related assets, such as automobile and credit card receivables, and are issued by such institutions as finance companies, finance subsidiaries of industrial companies, and investment banks. The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund will purchase only asset-backed securities that Clifton determines to be liquid. The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund will not purchase mortgage backed or asset-backed securities that do not meet the above minimum credit standards.
An important feature of mortgage-and asset-backed securities is that the principal amount is generally subject to partial or total prepayment at any time because the underlying assets (i.e., loans) generally may be prepaid at any time. If an asset-backed security is purchased at a premium to par, a prepayment rate that is faster than expected will reduce yield to maturity, while a prepayment rate that
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is slower than expected will have the opposite effect of increasing yield to maturity. Conversely, if an asset-backed security is purchased at a discount, faster than expected prepayments will increase, while slower than expected prepayments will decrease, yield to maturity. It should also be noted that these securities may not have any security interest in the underlying assets, and recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities.
Risks Related to Mortgage-Backed and Other Asset-Backed Securities. Prepayments on securitized assets such as mortgages, automobile loans and credit card receivables ("Securitized Assets") generally increase with falling interest rates and decrease with rising interest rates; furthermore, prepayment rates are influenced by a variety of economic and social factors. In general, the collateral supporting non-mortgage asset-backed securities is of shorter maturity than mortgage loans and is less likely to experience substantial prepayments. In addition to prepayment risk, borrowers on the underlying Securitized Assets may default in their payments creating delays or loss of principal.
Non-mortgage asset-backed securities involve certain risks that are not presented by mortgage-backed securities. Primarily, these securities do not have the benefit of a security interest in assets underlying the related mortgage collateral. Credit card receivables are generally unsecured and the debtors are entitled to the protection of a number of state and federal consumer credit laws, many of which give such debtors the right to set off certain amounts owed on the credit cards, thereby reducing the balance due. Most issuers of automobile receivables permit the servicers to retain possession of the underlying obligations. If the servicer were to sell these obligations to another party, there is a risk that the purchaser would acquire an interest superior to that of the holders of the related automobile receivables. In addition, because of the large number of vehicles involved in a typical issuance and technical requirements under state laws, the trustee for the holders of the automobile receivables may not have an effective security interest in all of the obligations backing such receivables. Therefore, there is a possibility that recoveries on repossessed collateral may not, in some cases, be available to support payments on these securities.
Some forms of asset-backed securities are relatively new forms of investments. Although the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund will only invest in asset-backed securities that Clifton believes are liquid, because the market experience in certain of these securities is limited, the market's ability to sustain liquidity through all phases of a market cycle may not have been tested.
Zero Coupon and Deferred Interest Bonds. Zero coupon and deferred interest bonds are debt obligations that are issued at a significant discount from face value. The discount approximates the total amount of interest the bonds will accrue and compound over the period until maturity or the first interest payment date at a rate of interest reflecting the market rate of the security at the time of issuance. While zero coupon bonds do not require the periodic payment of interest, deferred interest bonds provide for a period of delay before the regular payment of interest begins. Such investments benefit the issuer by mitigating its need for cash to meet debt service, but also require a higher rate of return to attract investors who are willing to defer receipt of such cash. Such investments may experience greater volatility in market value than debt obligations that make regular payments of interest.
Investing in Small-Capitalization Companies
With the exception of the Business Opportunity Value Fund, all of the Funds may invest in small-capitalization companies. Investing in securities of smaller, lesser-known companies involves greater risks than investing in larger, more mature, better known issuers, including an increased possibility of portfolio price volatility. Historically, small-capitalization stocks and stocks of recently organized companies, in which all of the Funds may also invest, have been more volatile in price than the larger-capitalization stocks (such as those included in the S&P 500). Among the reasons for the greater price volatility of the stocks of these smaller companies are the less certain growth prospects of smaller firms,
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the lower degree of liquidity in the markets for such stocks, and the greater sensitivity of smaller companies to changing economic conditions. For example, such companies may be subject to greater business risks resulting from their limited product lines, markets, distribution channels, and financial and managerial resources.
The stock prices of smaller companies may fluctuate independently of larger company stock prices. Thus, small company stocks may decline in price as large company stock prices rise, or rise in price as large company stock prices decline. Investors should, therefore, expect that to the extent a Fund invests in stock of small-capitalization companies, the net asset value of that Fund's shares may be more volatile than, and may fluctuate independently of, broad stock market indices such as the S&P 500. Furthermore, the securities of companies with small stock market capitalizations may trade less frequently and in limited volumes.
Risks Related to Small-Capitalization Companies. Small capitalization companies have historically offered greater growth potential than larger ones, but they are often overlooked by investors. However, small capitalization companies often have limited product lines, markets or financial resources and may be dependent on one person or a few key persons for management. The securities of such companies may be subject to more volatile market movements than securities of larger, more established companies, both because the securities typically are traded in lower value and because the issuers typically are more subject to changes in earnings and prospects.
When-Issued Securities
The Brandes International Equity Fund may from time to time purchase securities on a "when-issued" basis. The price of such securities, which may be expressed in yield terms, is fixed at the time the commitment to purchase is made, but delivery and payment for the when-issued securities take place at a later date. Normally, the settlement date occurs within one month of the purchase; during the period between purchase and settlement, no payment is made by the Fund to the issuer and no interest accrues to the Fund. To the extent that assets of the Fund are held in cash pending the settlement of a purchase of securities, the Fund would earn no income. While when-issued securities may be sold prior to the settlement date, the Fund intends to purchase such securities with the purpose of actually acquiring them unless a sale appears desirable for investment reasons. At the time the Fund makes the commitment to purchase a security on a when-issued basis, it will record the transaction and reflect the value of the security in determining its net asset value. The market value of the when-issued securities may be more or less than the purchase price. Brandes does not believe that the Fund's net asset value or income will be adversely affected by the purchase of securities on a when-issued basis. The Fund will establish a segregated account with the Custodian in which it will maintain cash or high quality, liquid assets equal in value to commitments for when-issued securities. Such segregated securities either will mature or, if necessary, be sold on or before the settlement date.
Put and Call Options
Purchasing Options. By purchasing a put option, the Brandes International Equity Fund or Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund obtains the right (but not the obligation) to sell the option's underlying instrument at a fixed "strike" price. In return for this right, the Fund pays the current market price for the option (known as the option premium). Options have various types of underlying instruments, including specific securities, indices of securities prices, and futures contracts. The Fund may terminate its position in a put option it has purchased by selling the option, by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If the option is allowed to expire, the Fund will lose the entire premium it paid. If the Fund exercises the option, it completes the sale of the underlying instrument at the strike price. The Fund also may terminate a put option position by closing it out in the secondary market at its current price (i.e., by selling an option of the same series as the option purchased), if a liquid secondary market exists.
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The buyer of a typical put option can expect to realize a gain if security prices fall substantially. However, if the underlying instrument's price does not fall enough to offset the cost of purchasing the option, a put buyer can expect to suffer a loss (limited to the amount of the premium paid, plus related transaction costs).
The features of call options are essentially the same as those of put options, except that the purchaser of a call option obtains the right to purchase, rather than sell, the underlying instrument at the option's strike price. A call buyer typically attempts to participate in potential price increases of the underlying instrument with risk limited to the cost of the option if security prices fall. At the same time, the buyer can expect to suffer a loss if the underlying prices do not rise sufficiently to offset the cost of the option.
Writing Options. When the Brandes International Equity Fund or Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund writes a call option, it takes the opposite side of the transaction from the option's purchaser. In return for receipt of the premium, the Fund assumes the obligation to sell or deliver the option's underlying instrument, in return for the strike price, upon exercise of the option. The Fund may seek to terminate its position in a call option it writes before exercise by closing out the option in the secondary market at its current price (i.e., by buying an option of the same series as the option written). If the secondary market is not liquid for a call option the Fund has written, however, the Fund must continue to be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price while the option is outstanding, regardless of price changes, and must continue to segregate assets to cover its position. The Fund will establish a segregated account with the Custodian in which it will maintain the security underlying the option written, or securities convertible into that security, or cash or high quality, liquid assets equal in value to commitments for options written.
Writing a call generally is a profitable strategy if the price of the underlying security remains the same or falls. Through receipt of the option premium, a call writer mitigates the effects of a price decline. At the same time, because a call writer must be prepared to deliver the underlying instrument in return for the strike price, even if its current value is greater, a call writer gives up some ability to participate in the underlying price increases.
Combined Positions. The Brandes International Equity Fund and Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund may purchase and write options in combination with each other to adjust the risk and return characteristics of the overall position. For example, the Fund may write a put option and purchase a call option on the same underlying instrument, in order to construct a combined position whose risk and return characteristics are similar to selling a futures contract. Because combined options positions involve multiple trades, they result in higher transaction costs and may be more difficult to open and close out.
Correlation of Price Changes. Because there are a limited number of types of exchange-traded options contracts, it is likely that the standardized contracts available will not match the Brandes International Equity Fund's or the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund's current or anticipated investments exactly. The Fund may invest in options contracts based on securities with different issuers, maturities, or other characteristics from the securities in which it typically invests.
Options prices also can diverge from the prices of their underlying instruments, even if the underlying instruments match the Fund's investments well. Options prices are affected by such factors as current and anticipated short-term interest rates, changes in volatility of the underlying instrument, and the time remaining until expiration of the contract, which may not affect the security prices the same way. Imperfect correlation also may result from differing levels of demand in the options markets and the securities markets, structural differences in how options are traded, or imposition of daily price fluctuation limits or trading halts. The Fund may purchase or sell options with a greater or lesser value than the securities it wishes to hedge or intends to purchase in order to attempt to compensate for
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differences in volatility between the contract and the securities, although this may not be successful in all cases. If price changes in the Fund's options positions are poorly correlated with its other investments, the positions may fail to produce anticipated gains or result in losses that are not offset by gains in other investments.
Liquidity of Options. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market will exist for any particular options contract at any particular time. Options may have relatively low trading volume and liquidity if their strike prices are not too close to the underlying instrument's current price. In addition, exchanges may establish daily price fluctuation limits for options contracts, and may halt trading if a contract's price moves upward or downward more than the limit in a given day. On volatile trading days when the price fluctuation limit is reached or a trading halt is imposed, it may be impossible for the Brandes International Equity Fund or Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund to enter into new positions or close out existing positions. If the secondary market for a contract is not liquid because of price fluctuation limits or otherwise, it could prevent prompt liquidation of unfavorable positions, and potentially could require the Fund to continue to hold a position until delivery or expiration regardless of changes in its value. As a result, the Fund's access to other assets held to cover its options positions also could be impaired.
OTC Options. Unlike exchange-traded options, which are standardized with respect to the underlying instrument, expiration date, contract size, and strike price, the terms of over-the-counter options, i.e., options not traded on exchanges ("OTC options"), generally are established through negotiation with the other party to the option contract. While this type of arrangement allows the Brandes International Equity Fund and Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund greater flexibility to tailor an option to its needs, OTC options generally involve greater credit risk than exchange-traded options, which are guaranteed by the clearing organizations of the exchanges where they are traded. OTC options are considered to be illiquid, since these options generally can be closed out only by negotiation with the other party to the option.
Stock Index Options. The distinctive characteristics of options on stock indices create certain risks that are not present with stock options generally. Because the value of an index option depends on movements in the level of the index rather than the price of a particular stock, whether the Brandes International Equity Fund or Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund will realize a gain or loss on an options transaction depends on movements in the level of stock prices generally rather than movements in the price of a particular stock. Accordingly, successful use of options on a stock index will be subject to the Sub-Adviser's ability to predict correctly movements in the direction of the stock market generally. Index prices may be distorted if trading in certain stocks included in the index is interrupted. Trading of index options also may be interrupted in certain circumstances, such as if trading were halted in a substantial number of stocks included in the index. If this were to occur, the Fund would not be able to close out positions it holds. It is the policy of the Funds to engage in options transactions only with respect to an index which the Sub-Adviser believes includes a sufficient number of stocks to minimize the likelihood of a trading halt in the index.
Futures Contracts
The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Brandes International Equity Fund may buy and sell stock index futures contracts. Such a futures contract is an agreement between two parties to buy and sell an index for a set price on a future date. Futures contracts are traded on designated "contract markets" which, through their clearing corporations, guarantee performance of the contracts. A stock index futures contract does not require the physical delivery of securities, but merely provides for profits and losses resulting from changes in the market value of the contract to be credited or debited at the close of each trading day to the respective accounts of the parties to the contract. On the contract's expiration date, a final cash settlement occurs. Changes in the market value of a particular
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stock index futures contract reflects changes in the specified index of equity securities on which the future is based.
There are several risks in connection with the use of futures contracts. In the event of an imperfect correlation between the index and the portfolio position which is intended to be protected, the desired protection may not be obtained and the Fund may be exposed to risk of unlimited loss. Further, unanticipated changes in stock price movements may result in a poorer overall performance for the Fund than if it had not entered into any futures on stock indexes.
In addition, the market prices of futures contracts may be affected by certain factors. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting additional margin deposit requirements, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort the normal relationship between the securities and futures markets. Second, from the point of view of speculators, the deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market. Therefore, increased participation by speculators in the futures market may also cause temporary price distortions.
Finally, positions in futures contracts may be closed out only on an exchange or board of trade which provides a secondary market for such futures. There is no assurance that a liquid secondary market on an exchange or board of trade will exist for any particular contract or at any particular time.
The Brandes International Equity Fund will engage in futures transactions only as a hedge against the risk of unexpected changes in the values of securities held or intended to be held by the Fund. As a general rule, the Brandes International Equity Fund will not purchase or sell futures if, immediately thereafter, more than 25% of its net assets would be hedged. In addition, the Brandes International Equity Fund will not purchase or sell futures or related options if, immediately thereafter, the amount of margin deposits on the Fund's existing futures positions would exceed 5% of the market value of the Fund's net assets.
Securities Lending
All Funds may seek to increase their income by lending portfolio securities. Under present regulatory policies, such loans may be made to institutions, such as certain broker-dealers, and are required to be secured continuously by collateral in cash, cash equivalents, or U.S. Government securities maintained on a current basis at an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities loaned. A Fund may experience a loss or delay in the recovery of its securities if the institution with which it has engaged in a portfolio security loan transaction breaches its agreement with the Fund. If the Sub-Adviser determines to make securities loans, the value of the securities loaned will not exceed one-third of the value of the total assets of the Fund making the loan.
Restricted and Illiquid Securities
The Brandes International Equity Fund and the Turner Core Growth Fund may purchase limited amounts of illiquid securities (i.e., securities which may not be sold or disposed of in the ordinary course of business within seven days at approximately the price at which the Fund has valued the investment). The Brandes International Equity Fund, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may purchase certain restricted securities (i.e., securities which are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act") but that can be sold to "qualified institutional buyers" in accordance with the requirements stated in Rule 144A under the 1933 Act ("Rule 144A Securities")). A Rule 144A Security may be considered illiquid. Investments in illiquid securities and restricted securities are not anticipated to exceed, in the aggregate, 5% of a Fund's assets, but see non-fundamental investment restrictions 12 and 13, respectively, below.
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The Board of Directors has adopted guidelines and delegated to the Sub-Advisers the daily function of determining and monitoring the liquidity of Rule 144A Securities. The Board, however, will retain oversight and be ultimately responsible for the determinations. It is not possible to predict with assurance exactly how the market for restricted securities sold and offered under Rule 144A will develop. To the extent that qualified institutional buyers become uninterested in purchasing these restricted securities, this investment practice could have the effect of decreasing the level of liquidity in a Fund.
Certain repurchase agreements which provide for settlement in more than seven days, however, can be liquidated before the nominal fixed term on seven days' or less notice. The Company will consider such repurchase agreements as liquid. Likewise, restricted securities (including commercial paper issued pursuant to Section 4(2) of the 1933 Act) that the Board of Directors of the Company or a Sub-Adviser has determined to be liquid will be treated as such.
The SEC staff has taken the position that fixed-time deposits maturing in more than seven days that cannot be traded on a secondary market and participation interests in loans are illiquid and not readily marketable. Until such time (if any) as this position changes, the Company will include such investments in the percentage limitation on illiquid investments applicable to each Fund.
Risks Related to Rule 144A Securities. Historically, illiquid securities have included securities subject to contractual or legal restrictions on resale because they have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933 ("restricted securities"), securities which are otherwise not readily marketable such as over-the-counter, or dealer traded, options, and repurchase agreements having a maturity of more than seven days. Mutual funds do not typically hold a significant amount of restricted or other illiquid securities because of the potential for delays on resale and uncertainty in valuation. Limitations on resale may have an adverse effect on the marketability of portfolio securities, and the Fund might not be able to dispose of such securities promptly or at reasonable prices and might thereby experience difficulty satisfying redemptions. The Fund might also have to register such restricted securities in order to dispose of them, resulting in additional expense and delay.
In recent years, however, a large institutional market has developed for certain securities that are not registered under the Securities Act of 1933, including repurchase agreements, commercial paper, foreign securities, municipal securities and corporate bonds and notes. Institutional investors depend on an efficient institutional market in which the unregistered security can be readily resold or on an issuer's ability to honor a demand for repayment. The fact that there are contractual or legal restrictions on resale to the general public or to certain institutions may not be indicative of the liquidity of such investments. If such securities are subject to purchase by institutional buyers in accord with Rule 144A promulgated by the SEC, the Directors may determine that such securities, up to a limit of 5% of the Fund's total net assets, are not illiquid notwithstanding their legal or contractual restrictions on resale.
Convertible Securities
With the exception of the Turner Core Growth Fund, all of the Funds may invest in convertible securities. Convertible securities may include corporate notes or preferred stock but more commonly are long-term debt obligations of the issuer convertible at a stated exchange rate into common stock of the issuer. As with all debt securities, the market value of convertible securities tends to decline as interest rates increase and, conversely, to increase as interest rates decline. Convertible securities generally offer lower interest or dividend yields than non-convertible securities of similar quality. However, when the market price of the common stock underlying a convertible security exceeds the conversion price, the price of the convertible security tends to reflect the value of the underlying common stock. As the market price of the underlying common stock declines, the convertible security tends to trade increasingly on a yield basis, and thus may not depreciate to the same extent as the
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underlying common stock. Convertible securities generally rank senior to common stock in an issuer's capital structure and are consequently of higher quality and entail less risk of declines in market value than the issuer's common stock. However, the extent to which such common-stock-like risk is reduced for the holder of a convertible security is inversely related to the amount by which the convertible security's market price exceeds its value as a fixed-income security. The Brandes International Equity Fund may only purchase convertible securities rated investment grade at the time of purchase by S&P or Moody's or if not so rated, considered by the Fund's Sub-Adviser to be of equivalent investment quality.
Warrants and Rights
With the exception of the Turner Core Growth Fund, all of the Funds may invest in warrants or rights which entitle the holder to buy equity securities at a specific price for a specific period of time but will do so only if such equity securities are deemed appropriate by the Sub-Adviser for investment by the Fund. Warrants and rights have no voting rights, receive no dividends and have no rights with respect to the assets of the issuer.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with "primary dealers" in U.S. Government securities and member banks of the Federal Reserve System which furnish collateral at least equal in value or market price to the amount of their repurchase obligation. The collateral must consist of U.S. Government securities or instruments that are rated in the highest rating category by at least two nationally recognized statistical rating organizations ("NRSROs") or by a single NRSRO if only one has assigned a rating. In a repurchase agreement, an investor (e.g., a Fund) purchases a debt security from a seller which undertakes to repurchase the security at a specified resale price on an agreed future date (ordinarily a week or less). The resale price generally exceeds the purchase price by an amount which reflects an agreed-upon market interest rate for the term of the repurchase agreement.
Risks Relating to Repurchase Agreements. Although repurchase agreements carry certain risks not associated with direct investments in securities, the Fund intends to enter into repurchase agreements only with banks and dealers believed by the Sub-Adviser to present minimum credit risks. The Adviser will review and monitor the creditworthiness of such institutions under the Board's general supervision. To the extent that the proceeds from any sale of collateral upon a default in the obligation to repurchase were less than the repurchase price, the purchaser would suffer a loss. If the other party to the repurchase agreement petitions for bankruptcy or otherwise becomes subject to bankruptcy or other liquidation proceedings, there might be restrictions on the purchaser's ability to sell the collateral and the purchaser could suffer a loss. However, with respect to financial institutions whose bankruptcy or liquidation proceedings are subject to the U.S. Bankruptcy Code, the Fund intends to comply with provisions under such Code that would allow it immediately to resell the collateral.
Variable Amount Master Demand Notes. Variable amount master demand notes permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund (as lender) and the borrower. These notes are direct lending arrangements between lenders and borrowers, and are generally not transferable, nor are they ordinarily rated by either Moody's Investors Service, Inc., Standard & Poor's Corporation, Fitch Investors Service, Inc., or Duff & Phelps Credit Rating Co.
Other Investment Companies
Each of the Brandes International Equity Fund, Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and Business Opportunity Value Fund reserves the right to invest up to 10% of their total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in the securities of other investment companies including money market funds,
16
business development companies, and small business investment companies (although it is anticipated that such investments will not exceed 5% of total assets). Each Fund may not invest more than 5% of its total assets in the securities of any one investment company nor in more than 3% of the voting securities of any other investment company. Each Fund will indirectly bear its proportionate share of any advisory fees paid by investment companies in which it invests in addition to the management fee paid by such Fund.
Fundamental Restrictions
The following investment restrictions have been adopted by the Company as fundamental policies for the Funds to which each applies, as shown below. A fundamental policy is one that cannot be changed without the affirmative vote of "a majority of the outstanding voting securities" (as defined in the Investment Company Act of 1940 (the "1940 Act")) attributable to that Fund. The investment objective of each Fund and all other investment policies or practices of the Funds are considered by the Company not to be fundamental and accordingly may be changed by the Board of Directors without shareholder approval. See "Investment Objectives and Policies" in the Company's Prospectus. For purposes of the 1940 Act, "a majority of the outstanding voting securities" means the lesser of (a) 67% or more of the votes attributable to shares of the Fund present at a meeting, if the holders of more than 50% of such votes are present or represented by proxy, or (b) more than 50% of the votes attributable to shares of the Fund.
None of the Funds may:
1. Pledge, mortgage or hypothecate its assets, except to the extent necessary to secure permitted borrowings.
2. Purchase securities on margin, except for such short-term credits as are necessary for the clearance of transactions. For purposes of this restriction, the deposit or payment of initial or variation margin in connection with futures contracts, financial futures contracts or related options, options on securities and options on securities indexes by the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund is not deemed to be a purchase of securities on margin.
3. Underwrite securities issued by others, except to the extent that the sale of portfolio securities by a Fund may be deemed to be underwriting.
4. Purchase, hold or deal in real estate (including real estate limited partnerships) or oil, gas or mineral leases, although a Fund may purchase and sell securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein and may purchase mortgage-related securities (unless otherwise prohibited in these investment restrictions) and securities issued by real estate investment trusts and may hold and sell real estate acquired for the Fund as a result of the ownership of securities.
5. Invest in commodities.
6. Lend any money or other assets, except through the purchase of all or a portion of an issue of securities or obligations of the type in which the Fund may invest. However, a Fund may lend its portfolio securities in an amount not to exceed one-third of the value of its total assets, unless otherwise prohibited in these investment restrictions.
7. Issue any senior security (as such term is defined in Section 18(f) of the 1940 Act) except as otherwise permitted under these fundamental investment restrictions.
8. Alone or together with any other of the Funds, make investments for the purpose of exercising control over, or management of, any issuer.
17
9. Borrow money except from banks for temporary or short-term purposes and then only if the Fund maintains asset coverage of at least 300% for such borrowings. None of the Funds will purchase securities when such borrowings exceed 5% of its assets.
10. Sell securities short or maintain a short position including short sales against the box.
11. Invest more than 25% of the value of its total assets in the securities of issuers conducting their principal business activities in the same industry. This limitation does not apply to U.S. government securities.
12. As to 75% of the value of its total assets, purchase the securities of any one issuer (except U.S. Government securities) if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the value of the Fund's total assets would be invested in securities of that issuer or if, as a result thereof, more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer would be owned by the Fund.
Non-Fundamental Restrictions
In addition to the fundamental investment restrictions mentioned above, the Board of Directors has adopted certain non-fundamental restrictions for each Fund as shown below. Non-fundamental restrictions represent the current intentions of the Board of Directors, and they differ from fundamental investment restrictions in that they may be changed or amended by the Board of Directors without prior notice to or approval of shareholders.
None of the Funds may:
1. Purchase the securities of any one issuer if, by such purchase, the Fund would own more than 10% of the outstanding voting securities of that issuer.
2. Write call or put options (except for the Brandes International Equity Fund and the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
3. Purchase variable-amount master demand notes, which are obligations that permit the investment of fluctuating amounts at varying rates of interest pursuant to direct arrangements between the lender and the borrower (except for the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
4. Purchase variable- or floating-rate demand instruments, which are debt securities that include a variable or floating interest rate adjustment feature (except for the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
5. Purchase fixed-income investments (e.g., corporate debt obligations, including commercial paper, but excluding convertible securities) that are unrated or rated at the time of purchase in the lower rating categories by S&P or Moody's (i.e., ratings of BB or lower by S&P or Ba or lower by Moody's for corporate debt obligations and ratings below A-3 by S&P or Prime-3 by Moody's for commercial paper).
6. Invest in mortgage-backed securities, which represent direct or indirect participation in, or are collateralized by and payable from, mortgage loans secured by real property (except for the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
7. Invest in asset-backed securities, which represent participation in, or are secured by and payable from, assets such as motor vehicle installment sales, installment loan contracts, leases of various types of real and personal property, receivables from revolving credit (i.e., credit card) agreements and other categories of receivables (except for the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
8. Invest in options (except for the Brandes International Equity Fund and the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund) or futures (except for the Brandes International Equity Fund and the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund).
18
9. Invest in when-issued securities (or delayed-delivery or forward commitment contracts)(except for the Brandes International Equity Fund).
10. Invest in interest-only ("IO") or principal only ("PO") securities. However, this does not preclude investments in zero coupon bonds.
11. Invest more than 25% of its net asset value in emerging markets (except for the Brandes International Equity Fund, which may invest up to 20% of its total assets), including no more than 5% of net asset value in Brady Bonds.
Fund-Specific Restrictions:
12. The Brandes International Equity Fund and the Turner Core Growth Fund may not purchase illiquid securities, including certain repurchase agreements or time deposits maturing in more than seven days, if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the value of its total assets would be invested in assets that are either illiquid or are not readily marketable. The Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may not invest in illiquid securities.
13. The Brandes International Equity Fund, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may not purchase restricted securities (except securities offered and sold to "qualified institutional buyers" in accordance with Rule 144A under the 1933 Act, and except foreign securities offered and sold outside the United States) if, as a result thereof, more than 10% of the value of its total assets would be invested in restricted securities. The Turner Core Growth Fund may not invest in restricted securities.
14. Each of the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Turner Core Growth Fund, and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may invest no more than 10% of the value of their total assets in securities of foreign issuers that are listed on U.S. exchanges or are represented by American Depositary Receipts.
15. The Brandes International Equity Fund, the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and the Business Opportunity Value Fund may not invest in warrants or rights (other than those acquired in units or otherwise attached to other securities) if, as a result thereof, more than 5% of the value of its total assets would be invested in warrants or rights, and each may not invest more than 2% of its total assets, calculated at the time of purchase, in warrants or rights that are not listed on the New York Stock Exchange or the American Stock Exchange. The Turner Core Growth Fund may not invest in warrants or rights.
16. The Turner Core Growth Fund and the Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund will not invest in other investment companies.
17. The Brandes International Equity Fund will not engage in forward foreign currency exchange contracts with respect to more than 5% of its assets. The other Funds will not enter into such contracts.
Interpretive Rules
For purposes of the foregoing fundamental and non-fundamental limitations, any limitation which involves a maximum percentage will not be violated unless an excess over the percentage occurs immediately after, and is caused by, an acquisition or encumbrance of securities or assets of, or borrowings by, a Fund. In addition, with regard to exceptions recited in a restriction, a Fund may only rely on an exception if its investment objective or policies otherwise permit it to rely on the exception.
19
Temporary Defensive Positions
Each fund may, for temporary defensive purposes, invest in any type of securities which the Sub-Adviser believes to be more conservative than the securities in which the Fund normally invests.
Portfolio Turnover
The portfolio turnover rate is calculated for each Fund by dividing the lesser of the dollar amount of sales or purchases of portfolio securities by the average monthly value of that Fund's portfolio securities, excluding securities having a maturity at the date of purchase of one year or less. For each of the fiscal years ended December 31, 1999 and 2000, the portfolio turnover rates for the Funds were as follows:
Fund(1)
|
1999 Portfolio
Turnover Rate |
2000 Portfolio
Turnover Rate |
|||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund (2) | 19 | % | 18 | % | |
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
286 |
% |
421 |
% |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
75 |
% |
103 |
% |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund (3) |
|
69 |
% |
179 |
% |
The Turner Core Growth Fund's portfolio turnover increased substantially in 2000 due to attempts to enhance returns to shareholders through frequent trading in response to market volatility. The Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund had a significant increase in portfolio turnover in 2000 due to the restructuring of portfolio holdings in conjunction with the change in sub-advisors on May 1, 2000.
High rates of portfolio turnover involve correspondingly greater expenses which must be borne by a Fund and may under certain circumstances make it more difficult for a Fund to qualify as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code.
20
Board of Directors
Overall responsibility for management and supervision of the Company rests with the Board of Directors. The Directors approve all significant agreements between the Company and the persons and companies that furnish services to the Company.
Management Information
The Directors and officers of the Company are listed below together with their respective positions with the Company and a brief statement of their principal occupations during the past five years and any positions held with affiliates of the Company:
Name, Address, and Age
|
Position(s) Held with the Company
|
Principal Occupation(s)
During Past 5 Years |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Peter W. Mullin*
Mullin Consulting Inc 644 South Figueroa St. Los Angeles, CA 90017 (Born: 1/14/41) |
Director | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer, Mullin Consulting, Inc. (insurance agency). | ||
Gerald Bidwell 209 SW Oak St. Portland, OR 97204 (Born: 6/6/42) |
|
Director |
|
President and Chief Executive Officer, Bidwell & Co. (discount brokerage firm). |
Neil E. Goldschmidt 222 SW Columbia Suite 1850 Portland, OR 97201 (Born: 6/16/40) |
|
Director |
|
President, Neil Goldschmidt, Inc. (law firm). |
Philip W. Halpern 375 East 57th St. Chicago, IL 60637 (Born: 7/19/54) |
|
Director |
|
Vice President and Chief Investment Officer, The University of Chicago, since July 21, 1998. Treasurer and Chief Investment Officer, California Institute of Technology, September 1996 to July 1998. Formerly, Chief Investment Officer, Washington State Investment Board. |
Daniel F. Byrne* (Born: 10/27/56) |
|
President |
|
Senior Vice President, Product Development and Sales Support, M Financial Group. |
David W. Schutt* (Born: 7/4/55) |
|
Secretary and Treasurer |
|
Secretary and Treasurer of M Life and Director of Finance for M Financial Group. |
21
of the Company, owns 25% of M Financial Holdings Inc., which controls the Company's investment adviser.
There is no family relationship between any of the Directors or officers listed above.
Each non-interested Director receives as compensation an annual retainer of $10,000 plus $500 per meeting of the Board which he attends.
Directors and officers, as a group, owned no Fund shares as of December 31, 2000.
No non-interested Director or member of his immediate family has an ownership interest in any of the investment adviser, principal underwriter, or any company directly or indirectly controlling or under common control with, the adviser or underwriter.
During the year ended December 31, 2000, the Directors of the Company received the following compensation from the Company:
Name of Person, Position
|
Aggregate
Compensation from the Company |
Pension or
Retirement Benefits Accrued as Part of the Company's Expenses |
Total Estimated
Annual Benefits upon Retirement |
Compensation from
the Company and Fund Complex Paid to Directors |
||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peter W. Mullin
Director |
$ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | $ | 0 | ||||
Gerald Bidwell Director |
|
$ |
11,500 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
11,500 |
Neil E. Goldschmidt Director |
|
$ |
11,500 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
11,500 |
Philip W. Halpern Director |
|
$ |
11,500 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
0 |
|
$ |
11,500 |
No officer, director or employee of the Adviser or sub-advisers receives any compensation from the Company for serving as a director or officer of the Company.
Investment Advisory and Other Services
Investment Adviser
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. (the "Adviser") is the investment adviser of the Company and its Funds. Daniel F. Byrne, President of the Company, serves as President of the Adviser and David W. Schutt, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, serves as Secretary and Treasurer of the Adviser.
The Adviser is controlled by M Financial Holdings Incorporated, which does business under the name M Financial Group ("M Financial Group"). M Financial Group is engaged in providing product development and marketing support services for participating insurance agents, who, collectively, own a majority of the outstanding stock of M Financial Group. M Financial Group receives from insurance carriers compensation based, in part, upon the volume of insurance premiums generated by its participating agents.
The Adviser was organized on September 11, 1995. Although the Adviser is not primarily responsible for the daily management of the Funds, the Adviser oversees the management of the assets of the Funds by each of the Sub-Advisers. In turn, each Sub-Adviser is responsible for the day-to-day management of a specific Fund.
22
Investment Advisory Agreement
The Adviser has entered into an investment advisory agreement with the Company under which the Adviser assumes overall responsibility, subject to the ongoing supervision of the Company's Board of Directors, for administering all operations of the Company and for monitoring and evaluating the management of the assets of each of the Funds by the Sub-Advisers. The Adviser provides or arranges for the provision of the overall business management and administrative services necessary for the Company's operations and furnishes or procures any other services and information necessary for the proper conduct of the Company's business. The Adviser also acts as liaison among, and supervisor of, the various service providers to the Company, including the custodian, transfer agent, administrator, and accounting services agent. The Adviser is also responsible for overseeing the Company's compliance with the requirements of applicable law and with each Fund's investment objective, policies, and restrictions.
The investment advisory agreement provides that the Adviser may render similar services to others (although there is no current intent for the Adviser to do so) so long as the services that it provides to the Company are not impaired thereby. The investment advisory agreement also provides that the Adviser will not be liable for any error of judgment or mistake of law or for any loss arising out of any investment or for any act or omission in the management of the Company, except for (i) willful misfeasance, bad faith or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or by reason of reckless disregard of its duties or obligations under the investment advisory agreement, and (ii) to the extent specified in Section 36(b) of the 1940 Act concerning loss resulting from a breach of fiduciary duty with respect to the receipt of compensation.
The current investment advisory agreement was initially approved for each Fund by the Board of Directors, including a majority of the Directors who are not parties to the investment advisory agreement or "interested persons" (as such term is defined in the 1940 Act) of any party thereto (the "non-interested Directors"), on August 24, 2001. In making the determination to approve the investment advisory agreement, the Board considered the capability of the Adviser to provide advisory services, the reasonableness of the advisory fees in relation to the services provided and the advisory fees paid by other comparable mutual funds. Based on these considerations, the Board concluded that the terms of the investment advisory agreement are fair and reasonable with respect to the Company, are in the best interests of the Company's shareholders, and are similar to those which could have been obtained through arm's length negotiations.
The current investment advisory agreement is dated September 1, 2001 and will remain in effect for one year from its effective date and from year to year thereafter, provided such continuance is specifically approved as to each Fund at least annually by (a) the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of that Fund or by the Board of Directors, and (b) the vote of a majority of the non-interested Directors, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The investment advisory agreement will terminate automatically if assigned (as defined in the 1940 Act). The investment advisory agreement is also terminable as to any Fund at any time by the Board of Directors or by vote of a majority of the votes attributable to outstanding voting securities of the applicable Fund (a) without penalty and (b) on 60 days' written notice to the Adviser. The agreement is also terminable by the Adviser on 90 days' written notice to the Company.
23
As compensation for its services, the Adviser receives a fee (paid by the Funds) based on the average daily net assets of the applicable Fund at the following annual rates:
Fund
|
Advisory Fee
|
|
---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund |
1.10% of first $10 million
0.95% of next $10 million 0.75% of next $30 million 0.65% on amounts above $50 million |
|
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
0.45% |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
0.90% |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund |
|
0.40% of first $25 million 0.35% on amounts above $25 million |
Business Opportunity Value Fund |
|
0.65% of first $50 million 0.60% of next $50 million 0.55% of next $100 million 0.50% on amounts above $200 million |
For the years ended December 31, 2000, December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998 respectively, the Funds incurred the following amounts as investment advisory fees payable to the Adviser: Brandes International Equity Fund, $550,541, $229,744 and $92,933; Turner Core Growth Fund, $207,315, $98,552 and $28,917; Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, $565,841, $321,001 and $211,960; Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund, $112,448, $100,168 and $58,138. Investment advisory fees were not paid in these years by the Business Opportunity Value Fund because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
Expenses of the Company
The Company incurs certain operating and general administrative expenses in addition to the Adviser's fee. These expenses, which are accrued daily, include but are not limited to: taxes; expenses for legal and auditing services; costs of printing; charges for custody services; transfer agent fees, if any; expenses of redemption of shares; expense of registering shares under federal and state securities laws; accounting costs; insurance; dues of trade associations; interest; brokerage costs; and other expenses properly payable by the Company.
In general, each Fund is charged for the expenses incurred in its operations as well as for a portion of the Company's general administrative expenses, allocated on the basis of the asset size of the respective Funds, or by the Board of Directors as appropriate. Expenses other than the Adviser's fee that are borne directly and paid individually by a Fund include, but are not limited to, brokerage commissions, dealer markups, taxes, custody fees, expenses of redemption, and other costs properly payable by the Fund. Expenses which are allocated among the Funds include, but are not limited to, Directors' fees and expenses, independent accountant fees, transfer agent fees, insurance costs, legal fees, and all other costs of operation properly payable by the Company.
The Adviser has voluntarily undertaken to pay any such expenses (but not including the advisory fee, brokerage or other portfolio transaction expenses or expenses of litigation, indemnification, taxes or other extraordinary expenses) to the extent that such expenses, as accrued for each Fund, exceed 0.25% of the Fund's estimated average daily net assets on an annual basis. In 2000, 1999 and 1998, respectively, the Adviser paid the following amounts on behalf of each Fund: Brandes International Equity Fund $95,961, $165,622 and $200,780; Turner Core Growth Fund $97,241, $153,568, and $174,954; Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund $47,140, $115,238 and $141,932; Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund $134,957, $150,413, and $162,354. The Adviser has extended this same provision through
24
December 31, 2001. The Adviser did not pay fees in these years on behalf of the Business Opportunity Value Fund because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
Sub-Advisers
The Adviser has retained the services of four Sub-Advisers to provide the day-to-day portfolio management for the Funds.
Brandes Investment Partners, L.P., Sub-Adviser to the Brandes Fund, is located at 11988 El Camino Real, Suite 500, San Diego, California. Brandes is a limited partnership controlled by its managing partners, Charles H. Brandes, Glenn R. Carlson, Jeffrey A. Busby, Brent V. Woods and Michael J. Bills.
Turner Investment Partners, Inc., Sub-Adviser to the Turner Fund, is located at 1235 Westlake Drive, Suite 350, Berwyn, Pennsylvania. Turner is 100% employee-owned.
Frontier Capital Management Company LLC, Sub-Adviser to the Frontier Fund, is located at 99 Summer Street, Boston, Massachusetts. Frontier is 30% owned by Frontier management and 70% indirectly owned by Affiliated Managers Group, Inc. ("AMG"), an asset management holding company located at Two International Place, 23rd Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02110. As of December 31, 2000, AMG had 15 affiliates that collectively manage approximately $78 billion in assets.
The Clifton Group, Sub-Adviser to the Clifton Fund, is located at 309 Clifton Avenue, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Clifton is owned by its principals, Richard E. Ballsrud, Jack L. Hansen, Rosemary Janousek and Thomas B. Lee, and by VAM Holdings LLC, which owns 80% of Clifton. VAM Holdings LLC is, in turn, 100% owned by Dougherty Financial Group LLC, which is located at 90 South Seventh Street, Suite 4300, Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Iridian Asset Management LLC, Sub-Adviser to the Business Opportunity Value Fund, is located at 276 Post Road West, Westport, Connecticut. Iridian is 72.5% owned by its employees and 27.5% owned by Arnhold and S. Bleichroeder, Inc., which is located at 1345 Avenue of the Americas, New York, New York.
As compensation for their services, each Sub-Adviser receives a fee (paid by the Adviser) based on the average daily net assets of the applicable Fund at the following annual rates:
Fund
|
Sub-Advisory Fee
|
|
---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund |
0.95% on the first $10 million
0.80% on the next $10 million 0.60% on the next $30 million 0.50% on amounts over $50 million |
|
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
0.30% |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
0.75% |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund |
|
0.25% on the first $25 million 0.20% on amounts over $25 million |
Business Opportunity Value Fund |
|
0.50% of first $50 million 0.45% of next $50 million 0.40% of next $100 million 0.35% on amounts above $200 million |
Since they are paid by the Adviser, the sub-advisory fees form a portion of, and are not in addition to, the Advisory fees described in the Prospectus. For the years ended December 31, 2000, December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998 respectively, the Adviser paid the Sub-Advisers the
25
following sub-advisory fees:Brandes International Equity Fund$447,630, $193,834 and $79,813; Turner Core Growth Fund$138,210, $65,702 and $19,297; Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund$471,534, $267,501 and $176,737; Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund$74,574, $72,850 and $42,336. Sub-advisory fees were not paid in these years by the Business Opportunity Value Fund because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
Change of Sub-Advisers. The Company and the Adviser have received an exemptive order from the SEC that permits the Adviser, with the approval of the Company's Board of Directors, to retain a different Sub-Adviser for a Fund, as well as change the terms of a sub-advisory contract, without submitting the investment sub-advisory agreements to a vote of the Fund's shareholders. The Company will notify shareholders in the event of any change in the identity of the Sub-Adviser of a Fund.
Brandes Investment Partners, L.P. replaced Edinburgh Fund Managers plc as the Sub-Adviser to the Brandes International Equity Fund effective July 1, 1998. At the same time, the Fund's name was changed from Edinburgh Overseas Equity Fund to Brandes International Equity Fund.
The Clifton Group replaced Franklin Portfolio Associates LLC as the Sub-Adviser to the Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund effective May 1, 2000. At the same time, the Fund's name was changed from Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund to Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund.
Distributor
M Holdings Securities, Inc. acts as the distributor (the "Distributor") for each of the Funds. The Distributor is a wholly-owned subsidiary of M Financial Group. No fees are due the Distributor for these services. The principal executive offices of the Distributor are located at River Park Center, 205 SE Spokane Street, Portland, Oregon 97202. The Distributor is registered with the SEC as a broker-dealer under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers ("NASD"). Daniel F. Byrne, President of the Company, serves as President of the Distributor and David W. Schutt, Secretary and Treasurer of the Company, serves as Secretary and Treasurer of the Distributor.
Custodian and Transfer Agent
Pursuant to a custodian agreement and a transfer agency and service agreement with the Company, Investors Bank & Trust Company ("Investors Bank"), 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116, holds the cash and portfolio securities of the Company as custodian and acts as the Company's transfer agent.
Investors Bank is responsible for holding all securities and cash of each Fund, receiving and paying for securities purchased, delivering against payment securities sold, and receiving and collecting income from investments, making all payments covering expenses of the Company, all as directed by persons authorized by the Company. Investors Bank does not exercise any supervisory function in such matters as the purchase and sale of portfolio securities, payment of dividends, or payment of expenses of the Funds or the Company. Portfolio securities of the Funds purchased domestically are maintained in the custody of Investors Bank and may be entered into the Federal Reserve, Depository Trust Company, or Participant's Trust Company book entry systems. Pursuant to the custodian agreement, portfolio securities purchased outside the United States will be maintained in the custody of various other custodians or subcustodians, including foreign banks and foreign securities depositories, as are approved by the Board of Directors, in accordance with regulations under the 1940 Act.
Administrator
Pursuant to an Administration Agreement, Investors Bank provides certain administrative services to the Company, such as calculating each Fund's standardized performance information, preparing
26
annual and semi annual reports to shareholders and the SEC, preparing each Fund's tax returns, monitoring compliance and performing other administrative duties.
For the year ended December 31, 2000, the Company paid Investors Bank the following custody and administration fees: Brandes Fund, $177,361; Turner Fund, $134,181; Frontier Fund, $128,791; Enhanced Fund, $128,602. The Company did not pay fees to Investors Bank in 2000 for the Business Opportunity Value Fund because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
Legal Counsel
Sutherland Asbill & Brennan LLP, 1275 Pennsylvania Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20004-2415, has provided advice to the Company with respect to certain matters relating to federal securities laws.
Brokerage Allocation and Other Practices
The Sub-Advisers are responsible for decisions to buy and sell securities for the Funds, the selection of brokers and dealers to effect the transactions and the negotiation of brokerage commissions, if any. Purchases and sales of securities on a securities exchange are effected through brokers who charge a negotiated commission for their services. Orders may be directed to any broker including, to the extent and in the manner permitted by applicable law, affiliates of the Adviser or the Sub-Advisers. Purchases and sales of certain portfolio securities on behalf of a Fund are frequently placed by a Sub-Adviser with the issuer or a primary or secondary market-maker for these securities on a net basis, without any brokerage commission being paid by the Fund. Trading does, however, involve transaction costs. Transactions with dealers serving as market-makers reflect the spread between the bid and asked prices. Purchases of underwritten issues may be made which will include an underwriting fee paid to the underwriter.
In placing orders for portfolio securities of a Fund, its Sub-Adviser is required to give primary consideration to obtaining the most favorable price and efficient execution. This means that the Sub-Adviser will seek to execute each transaction at a price and commission, if any, which provide the most favorable total cost or proceeds reasonably attainable in the circumstances. While the Sub-Adviser generally seeks reasonably competitive spreads or commissions, a Fund will not necessarily be paying the lowest spread or commission available. Within the framework of this policy, the Sub-Advisers may consider research and investment services provided by brokers or dealers who effect or are parties to portfolio transactions of the Funds, the Sub-Advisers and their affiliates, or other clients of the Sub-Advisers or their affiliates. Such research and investment services include statistical and economic data and research reports on particular companies and industries. Such services are used by the Sub-Advisers in connection with all of their investment activities, and some of such services obtained in connection with the execution of transactions for the Funds may be used in managing other investment accounts. Conversely, brokers furnishing such services may be selected for the execution of transactions of such other accounts, whose aggregate assets are far larger than those of the Funds, and the services furnished by such brokers may be used by the Sub-Advisers in providing investment sub-advisory services to the Funds.
On occasions when the Sub-Adviser deems the purchase or sale of a security to be in the best interest of a Fund as well as its other advisory clients (including any other fund or other investment company or advisory account for which the Sub-Adviser or an affiliate acts as investment adviser), the Sub-Adviser, to the extent permitted by applicable laws and regulations, may aggregate the securities to be sold or purchased for the Fund with those to be sold or purchased for such other customers in order to obtain the best net price and most favorable execution. In such event, allocation of the securities so purchased or sold, as well as the expenses incurred in the transaction, will be made by the Sub-Adviser in the manner it considers to be most equitable and consistent with its fiduciary obligations
27
to the Fund and such other customers. In some instances, this procedure may adversely affect the price and size of the position obtainable for a Fund.
Commission rates are established pursuant to negotiations with the broker based on the quality and quantity of execution services provided by the broker in the light of generally prevailing rates. The allocation of orders among brokers and the commission rates paid are reviewed periodically by the Board of Directors.
The Funds paid the following brokerage commissions for the years ended December 31, 2000, December 31, 1999 and December 31, 1998, respectively: Brandes International Equity Fund$112,185, $64,215 and $57,561; Turner Core Growth Fund$283,950, $124,933 and $36,874; Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund$287,992, $92,560 and $68,225; Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund$78,114, $18,375 and $11,294. The Business Opportunity Value Fund did not pay brokerage commissions for these years because the Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002.
Capital Stock and Other Securities
The Company issues a separate class of shares for each Fund representing fractional undivided interests in that Fund. The Board of Directors has authority to divide or combine the shares of any Fund into greater or lesser numbers without thereby changing the proportionate beneficial interests in the Fund.
Each issued and outstanding share is entitled to participate equally in dividends and distributions declared for the respective class and, upon liquidation or dissolution, in net assets allocated to such class remaining after satisfaction of outstanding liabilities. The shares of each class, when issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable and have no preemptive or conversion rights.
Rule 18f-2 under the 1940 Act provides that any matter required to be submitted by the provisions of the 1940 Act, applicable state law or otherwise to the holders of the outstanding voting securities of an investment company such as the Company shall not be deemed to have been effectively acted upon unless approved by the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of each class or series affected by such matter. Rule 18f-2 further provides that a class or series shall be deemed to be affected by a matter unless the interests of each class or series in the matter are substantially identical or the matter does not affect any interest of such class or series. However, Rule 18f-2 exempts the selection of independent public accountants, the approval of principal underwriting contracts and the election of Directors from the separate voting requirements of Rule 18f-2.
Under normal circumstances, subject to the reservation of rights explained above, the Company will redeem shares of the Funds in cash within seven days. However, the right of a shareholder to redeem shares and the date of payment by the Company may be suspended for more than seven days for any period during which the NYSE is closed, other than the customary weekends or holidays, or when trading on the NYSE is restricted as determined by the SEC; or during any emergency, as determined by the SEC, as a result of which it is not reasonably practicable for a Fund to dispose of securities owned by it or fairly to determine the value of its net assets; or for such other period as the SEC may by order permit for the protection of shareholders.
Under Maryland law, the Company is not required to hold annual shareholder meetings and does not intend to do so.
28
At December 2, 2001, the ownership of each Fund was as follows:
|
M Life Insurance Co.
|
John Hancock Variable Life Insurance Co.
|
Pacific Life
Insurance Co. |
||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund | % | % | % | ||||
Turner Core Growth Fund | % | % | % | ||||
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund | % | % | % | ||||
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund | % | % | % |
The addresses of each of the 5% owners of the Funds' shares are as follows:
M
Life Insurance Co., 205 SE Spokane Street, Portland, OR 97202 John
Hancock Variable Life Insurance Company, 200 Clarendon Street, Boston, MA 02116
Pacific Life Insurance Co., 700 Newport Center Drive, Newport Beach, CA 92660
Purchase, Redemption and Pricing of Shares
Determination of Net Asset Value
The Board of Directors is responsible for determining in good faith the fair value of securities of each Fund. The price per share, and therefore the net asset value per share, in accordance with procedures adopted by the Board of Directors, is calculated by determining the net worth of each Fund (assets, including securities at market value or amortized cost value, minus liabilities) divided by the number of that Fund's outstanding shares. All securities are valued as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE. Each Fund will compute its net asset value once daily as of the close of such trading (usually 4:00 p.m., New York time). In addition, the Funds may compute their net asset value as of any time permitted pursuant to any exemption, order or statement of the SEC or its staff.
Portfolio assets of the Funds are valued as follows:
(a) securities and other investments listed on any U.S. or foreign stock exchange or the National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotation system ("Nasdaq") are valued at the last sale price on that exchange or Nasdaq on the valuation day; if no sale occurs, securities traded on a U.S. exchange or Nasdaq are valued at the mean between the closing bid and closing asked prices and securities traded principally on a foreign exchange will be valued at the official bid price (the last sale price and official bid price for securities traded principally on a foreign exchange will be determined as of the close of the London Foreign Exchange);
(b) over-the-counter securities not quoted on Nasdaq are valued at the last sale price on the valuation day or, if no sale occurs, at the mean between the last bid and asked prices;
(c) debt securities with a remaining maturity of 61 days or more are valued on the basis of dealer-supplied quotations or by a pricing service selected by the Sub-Adviser and approved by the Board of Directors if those prices are deemed by the Sub-Adviser to be representative of market values at the close of business of the NYSE;
(d) all other securities and other assets, including those for which a pricing service supplies no quotations or quotations are not deemed by the Sub-Adviser to be representative of market values, but excluding debt securities with remaining maturities of 60 days or less, are valued at fair value as determined in good faith pursuant to procedures established by the Board of Directors; and
29
(e) debt securities with a remaining maturity of 60 days or less will be valued at their amortized cost which approximates market value.
Portfolio securities traded on more than one U.S. national securities exchange or foreign securities exchange are valued at the last sale price on each business day at the close of the exchange representing the principal market for such securities. The value of all assets and liabilities expressed in foreign currencies will be converted into U.S. dollar values at the mean between the buying and selling rates of such currencies against U.S. dollars last quoted by any major bank. If such quotations are not available, the rate of exchange will be determined in good faith by or under procedures established by the Board of Directors.
Trading in securities on European and Far Eastern securities exchanges and on over-the-counter markets is normally completed well before the close of business on each business day. In addition, European or Far Eastern securities trading generally or in a particular country or countries may not take place on all business days. Furthermore, trading takes place in Japanese markets on certain Saturdays and in various foreign markets on days which are not business days for the Company and days on which a Fund's net asset value is not calculated. Such calculation does not take place contemporaneously with the determination of the prices of a majority of the portfolio securities used in such calculation. Events affecting the values of portfolio securities that occur between the time their prices are determined and the close of regular trading on the NYSE will not be reflected in a Fund's calculation of net asset value until the following business day, unless the Sub-Adviser deems that the particular event would materially affect net asset value, in which case an adjustment will be made.
Under the amortized cost method of valuation, securities are valued at cost on the date of their acquisition, and thereafter a constant accretion of any discount or amortization of any premium to maturity is assumed, regardless of the impact of fluctuating interest rates on the market value of the security. While this method provides certainty in valuation, it may result in periods in which value as determined by amortized cost is higher or lower than the price a Fund would receive if it sold the security. During such periods, the quoted yield to investors may differ somewhat from that obtained by a similar fund or portfolio which uses available market quotations to value all of its portfolio securities.
Each Fund intends to qualify each year under subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code. If a Fund fails to so qualify it may be required to pay certain taxes.
Sources of Gross Income. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund must, among other things, derive its income from certain sources. Specifically, in each taxable year, a Fund must generally derive at least 90% of its gross income from dividends, interest, payments with respect to securities loans, gains from the sale or other disposition of securities or foreign currencies, or other income derived with respect to its business of investing in securities or currencies. For purposes of this test, gross income generally is determined without regard to losses from the sale or other disposition of stock or securities or other Fund assets.
Diversification of Assets. To qualify for treatment as a regulated investment company, a Fund must also satisfy certain requirements with respect to the diversification of its assets. A Fund must have, at the close of each quarter of the taxable year, at least 50% of the value of its total assets invested in cash, cash items, U.S. Government securities, securities of other regulated investment companies, and other securities which, in respect of any one issuer, do not represent more than 5% of the value of the assets of the Fund nor more than 10% of the voting securities of that issuer. In addition, at those times, not more than 25% of the value of the Fund's assets may be invested in securities (other than U.S. Government securities or the securities of other regulated investment companies) of any one issuer, or of two or more issuers which the Fund controls and which are engaged in the same or similar trades or businesses or related trades or businesses. A Fund's
30
investments in U.S. Government securities are not subject to these limitations. The foregoing diversification requirements are in addition to those imposed by the 1940 Act.
Because the Company is established as an investment medium for variable annuity contracts and variable life insurance policies, Section 817(h) of the Internal Revenue Code imposes additional diversification requirements on each Fund. These requirements generally are that no more than 55% of the value of the assets of a Fund may be represented by any one investment; no more than 70% by any two investments; no more than 80% by any three investments; and no more than 90% by any four investments. For these purposes, all securities of the same issuer are treated as a single investment and each U.S. Government agency or instrumentality is treated as a separate issuer.
Performance figures for one or more of the Funds will not be disseminated directly to the public by the Company unless accompanied by appropriate disclosure regarding the performance of the separate accounts offered by the Participating Insurance Companies.
The Company may from time to time quote or otherwise use average annual total return information for the Funds in advertisements, shareholder reports, and sales literature. Average annual total return values are computed pursuant to equations specified by the SEC.
Average annual total return for a specified period is derived by calculating the actual dollar amount of the investment return on a $1,000 investment in a Fund made at the beginning of the period, and then calculating the annual compounded rate of return which would produce that amount, assuming a redemption at the end of the period according to the following formula:
P(1 + T) n = ERV
Where | P = a hypothetical initial payment of $1,000 | |
T = average annual total return | ||
n = number of years | ||
ERV = ending redeemable value at the end of the stated period of a hypothetical $1,000 payment made at the beginning of the stated period |
This calculation assumes a complete redemption of the investment. It also assumes that all dividends and distributions are reinvested at net asset value on the reinvestment dates during the period.
The Company also may from time to time quote or otherwise use year-by-year total return, cumulative total return and yield information for the Funds in advertisements, shareholder reports, and sales literature. Year-by-year total return and cumulative total return for a specified period are each derived by calculating the percentage rate required to make a $1,000 investment in a Fund (assuming all distributions are reinvested) at the beginning of such period equal to the actual total value of such investment at the end of such period.
Yield is computed by dividing net investment income earned during a recent 30-day period by the product of the average daily number of shares outstanding and entitled to receive dividends during the period and the price per share on the last day of the relevant period. The results are compounded on a bond-equivalent (semiannual) basis and then annualized. Net investment income per share is equal to the dividends and interest earned during the period, reduced by accrued expenses for the period. The calculation of net investment income for these purposes may differ from the net investment income determined for accounting purposes.
Any performance data quoted for a Fund will represent historical performance, and the investment return and principal value of an investment will fluctuate so that an investor's shares, when redeemed, may be worth more or less than original cost. Performance data for the Funds will not reflect charges
31
deducted under the Policies. If Policy charges were taken into account, such performance data would reflect lower returns.
In addition, the Company may from time to time publish the performance of its Funds relative to certain performance rankings and indices. From time to time the Company may publish an indication of the Funds' past performance as measured by independent sources such as (but not limited to) Lipper Analytical Services, Weisenberger Investment Companies Service, Donoghue's Money Fund Report, Barron's, Business Week, Changing Times, Financial World, Forbes, Fortune, Money, Personal Investor, Sylvia Porter's Personal Finance and The Wall Street Journal. The Company may also advertise information which has been provided to the NASD for publication in regional and local newspapers. In addition, the Company may from time to time advertise its performance relative to certain indices and benchmark investments. The composition of the investments in such indices and the characteristics of such benchmark investments are not identical to, and in some cases are very different from, those of a Fund's portfolio. These indices and averages are generally unmanaged and the items included in the calculations of such indices and averages may be different from those of the equations used by the Company to calculate a Fund's performance figures.
The Company may from time to time summarize the substance of discussions contained in shareholder reports in advertisements and publish the Sub-Advisers' views as to markets, the rationale for a Fund's investments and discussions of a Fund's current asset allocation.
From time to time, advertisements or information may include a discussion of certain attributes or benefits to be derived by an investment in a particular Fund. Such advertisements or information may include symbols, headlines or other material which highlight or summarize the information discussed in more detail in the communication.
Such performance data will be based on historical results and will not be intended to indicate future performance. The total return and yield of a Fund will vary based on market conditions, portfolio expenses, portfolio investments, and other factors. The value of a Fund's shares will fluctuate, and an investor's shares may be worth more or less than the investor's original cost upon redemption. The Company may also, at its discretion, from time to time make a list of a Fund's holdings available to investors upon request.
These total return figures do not reflect any fees or charges deducted from the insurance company separate account or from the variable annuity or life insurance policies, which, if reflected, would result in lower total return figures.
32
|
Brandes International
Equity Fund*** |
Turner Core
Growth Fund |
Frontier Capital
Appreciation Fund |
Clifton Enhanced U.S.
Equity Fund**** |
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
For the six month period ended 6/30/01* (not annualized) | (7.06 | )% | (15.02 | )% | 3.97 | % | (7.88 | )% | |
For the one year period ended 12/31/00 | 4.88 | % | (11.15 | )% | 7.66 | % | (9.96 | )% | |
For the period 1/4/96** to 12/31/00 | 12.71 | % | 20.89 | % | 20.25 | % | 18.19 | % |
|
|
* | The Business Opportunity Value Fund commenced operations on January 2, 2002. |
** |
The Brandes International Equity Fund, Turner Core Growth Fund, Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund and Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund commenced operations on January 4, 1996. |
*** |
On July 1, 1998, Brandes Investment Partners replaced Edinburgh Fund Managers as sub-adviser to the Fund. |
**** |
On May 1, 2000, The Clifton Group replaced Franklin Portfolio Associates as sub-adviser to the Fund. |
Codes of Ethics
Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, addresses conflicts of interest that arise from personal trading activities of investment company personnel. The rule requires funds and their investment advisers and principal underwriters to adopt a code of ethics and to report periodically to the Board of Directors on issues raised under its code of ethics. To assure compliance with these restrictions, the Company, the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and the Distributor each have adopted and agreed to be governed by a code of ethics containing provisions reasonably necessary to prevent fraudulent, deceptive or manipulative acts with regard to the personal securities transactions of their employees. The codes of ethics of the Company, the Adviser, the Sub-Advisers and the Distributor permit covered employees to invest in securities, including securities that may be purchased or held by the Funds. However, such personal securities transactions must avoid actual or potential conflicts of interest with the Funds.
Information about these codes of ethics may be obtained by calling the Commission's Public Reference Room at 1-202-942-8090. Copies of the codes of ethics may also be obtained on the EDGAR Database on the SEC's Internet site at http://www.sec.gov. Alternatively, this information may be obtained, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by writing the Public Reference Section of the SEC, Washington D.C. 20549-6009 or by electronic request at the following e-mail address: publicinfo@sec.gov.
Financial Statements
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP acts as the Company's independent public accountants. The Financial Statements for the Funds, which are contained in the Company's Annual Report to Shareholders, are incorporated by reference in this SAI.
33
Company Name
The Company's Articles of Incorporation acknowledge that the Company adopted its name through permission of M Life Insurance Company, an affiliate of the Adviser. Under certain circumstances, the Company has agreed to eliminate the name "M" from its name upon request of M Life Insurance Company.
Other Information
The Prospectus and this SAI do not contain all the information included in the registration statement filed with the SEC under the 1933 Act with respect to the securities offered by the Prospectus. Certain portions of the registration statement have been omitted from the Prospectus and this SAI pursuant to the rules and regulations of the SEC. The registration statement, including exhibits, may be examined at the office of the SEC in Washington, D.C.
Statements contained in the Prospectus or in this SAI as to the contents of any contract or other document referred to are not necessarily complete, and, in each instance, reference is made to the copy of such contract or other document filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which the Prospectus and this SAI are parts, each such statement being qualified in all respects by such reference.
34
Appendix A
DESCRIPTION OF CORPORATE BOND RATINGS(1)
Description of Moody's Investors Service, Inc.'s Corporate Bond Ratings
Aaa: Bonds which are rated Aaa are judged to be of the best quality. They carry the smallest degree of investment risk and are generally referred to as "gilt edged." Interest payments are protected by a large or by an exceptionally stable margin and principal is secure. While the various protective elements are likely to change, such changes as can be visualized are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of such issues.
Aa: Bonds which are rated Aa are judged to be of high quality by all standards. Together with the Aaa group they comprise what are generally known as high grade bonds. They are rated lower than the best bonds because margins of protection may not be as large as in Aaa securities or fluctuation of protective elements may be of greater amplitude or there may be other elements present which make the long-term risks appear somewhat larger than in Aaa securities.
A: Bonds which are rated A possess many favorable investment attributes and are to be considered as upper medium-grade obligations. Factors giving security to principal and interest are considered adequate, but elements may be present which suggest a susceptibility to impairment sometime in the future.
Baa: Bonds which are rated Baa are considered as medium-grade obligations, i.e., they are neither highly protected nor poorly secured. Interest payment and principal security appear adequate for the present but certain protective elements may be lacking or may be characteristically unreliable over any great length of time. Such bonds lack outstanding investment characteristics and in fact have speculative characteristics as well.
Ba: Bonds which are rated Ba are judged to have speculative elements; their future cannot be considered as well assured. Often the protection of interest and principal payments may be very moderate and thereby not well safeguarded during both good and bad times over the future. Uncertainty of position characterizes bonds in this class.
B: Bonds which are rated B generally lack characteristics of a desirable investment. Assurance of interest and principal payments or of maintenance of other terms of the contract over any long period of time may be small.
Caa: Bonds which are rated Caa are of poor standing. Such issues may be in default or there may be present elements of danger with respect to principal or interest.
Ca: Bonds which are rated Ca represent obligations which are speculative in a high degree. Such issues are often in default or have other marked shortcomings.
C: Bonds which are rated C are the lowest rated class of bonds and issues so rated can be regarded as having extremely poor prospects of ever attaining any real investment standing.
Moody's applies numerical modifiers 1, 2 and 3 in each generic rating classification from Aa through B in its corporate bond rating system. The modifier 1 indicates that the security ranks in the
A1
higher end of its generic rating category; the modifier 2 indicates a mid-range ranking; and the modifier 3 indicates that the issue ranks in the lower end of its generic rating category.
Absence of Rating: Where no rating has been assigned or where a rating has been suspended or withdrawn, it may be for reasons unrelated to the quality of the issue.
Should no rating be assigned, the reason may be one of the following:
Suspension or withdrawal may occur if new and material circumstances arise, the effects of which preclude satisfactory analysis; if there is no longer available reasonably up-to-date data to permit a judgment to be formed; if a bond is called for redemption; or for other reasons.
Description of Standard & Poor's Rating Service's Corporate Bond Ratings
Investment Grade
AAA: Debt rated AAA has the highest rating assigned by Standard & Poor's. Capacity to pay interest and repay principal is extremely strong.
AA: Debt rated AA has a very strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal and differs from the highest rated issues only in small degree.
A: Debt rated A has a strong capacity to pay interest and repay principal although it is somewhat more susceptible to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances and economic conditions than debt in higher rated categories.
BBB: Debt rated BBB is regarded as having an adequate capacity to pay interest and repay principal. Whereas it normally exhibits adequate protection parameters, adverse economic conditions or changing circumstances are more likely to lead to a weakened capacity to pay interest and repay principal for debt in this category than in higher rated categories.
Speculative Grade
Debt rated BB, B, CCC, CC, and C is regarded as having predominantly speculative characteristics with respect to capacity to pay interest and repay principal. BB indicates the least degree of speculation and C the highest. While such debt will likely have some quality and protective characteristics, these are outweighed by large uncertainties or major exposures to adverse conditions.
BB: Debt rated BB has less near-term vulnerability to default than other speculative issues. However, it faces major ongoing uncertainties or exposure to adverse business, financial, or economic conditions which could lead to inadequate capacity to meet timely interest and principal payments. The BB rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BBB-rating.
B: Debt rated B has a greater vulnerability to default but currently has the capacity to meet interest payments and principal repayments. Adverse business, financial, or economic conditions will
A2
like impair capacity or willingness to pay interest and repay principal. The B rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied BB or BB- rating.
CCC: Debt rated CCC has a currently identifiable vulnerability to default, and is dependent upon favorable business, financial, and economic conditions to meet timely payment of interest and repayment of principal. In the event of adverse business, financial, or economic conditions, it is not likely to have the capacity to pay interest and repay principal. The CCC rating category is also used for debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied B or B- rating.
CC: The rating CC typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt that is assigned an actual or implied CCC rating.
C: The rating C typically is applied to debt subordinated to senior debt which is assigned an actual or implied CCC- debt rating. The C rating may be used to cover a situation where a bankruptcy petition has been filed, but debt service payments are continued.
CI: The rating CI is reserved for income bonds on which no interest is being paid.
D: Debt rated D is in payment default. The D rating category is used when interest payments or principal payments are not made on the date due even if the applicable grace period has not expired, unless S&P believes that such payments will be made during such grace period. The D rating also will be used upon the filing of a bankruptcy petition if debt service payments are jeopardized.
Plus (+) or Minus (-): The ratings from AA to CCC may be modified by the addition of a plus or minus sign to show relative standing within the major rating categories.
N.R.: Not rated.
A3
Appendix B
DESCRIPTION OF COMMERCIAL PAPER RATINGS
Commercial PaperMoody's Investors Service, Inc.
"PRIME-1" Commercial paper issuers related Prime-1 are judged to be one of the best quality. Their short-term debt obligations carry the smallest degree of investment risk. Margins of support for current indebtedness are large or stable with cash flow and asset protection well assured. Current liquidity provides ample coverage of near-term liabilities and unused alternative financing arrangements are generally available. While protective elements may change over the intermediate or longer term, such changes are most unlikely to impair the fundamentally strong position of short-term obligations.
"PRIME-2" Issuers in the Commercial Paper market rated Prime-2 are high quality. Protection for short-term holders is assured with liquidity and value of current assets as well as cash generation in sound relationship to current indebtedness. They are rated lower than the best commercial paper issuers because margins of protection may not be as large or because fluctuations of protective elements over the near or immediate term may be of greater amplitude. Temporary increases in relative short and overall debt load may occur. Alternative means of financing remain assured.
"PRIME-3" Issuers rated Prime-3 (or supporting institutions) have an acceptable ability for repayment of senior short-term obligations. The effect of industry characteristics and market compositions may be more pronounced. Variability in earnings and profitability may result in changes in the level of debt protection measurements and may require relatively high financial leverage. Adequate alternate liquidity is maintained.
Commercial PaperStandard & Poor's Ratings Service
"A" Issues assigned this highest rate are regarded as having the greatest capacity for timely payment. Issues in this category are further refined with the designation 1, 2 and 3 to indicate the relative degree of safety.
"A-1" This designation indicates that the degree of safety regarding timely payment is very strong.
"A-2" Capacity for timely payment on issues with this designation is strong. However, the relative degree of safety is not overwhelming as for issues designated "A-1".
"A-3" Issues carrying this designation have a satisfactory capacity for timely payment. They are, however, somewhat vulnerable to the adverse effects of changes in circumstances than obligations carrying the higher designation.
B1
1 Incorporated herein by reference to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on August 7, 1995.
2 Incorporated herein by reference to the Pre-Effective Amendment No. 1 to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on December 21, 1995.
3 Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 3 to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on February 26, 1997.
4 Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 4 to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on February 27, 1998.
5 Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 5 to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on February 26, 1999.
6 Incorporated herein by reference to Post-Effective Amendment No. 6 to Registrant's initial registration statement filed with the SEC on February 29, 2000.
7 Filed herein.
Item 24. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with M Fund, Inc.
M Fund, Inc. does not concede that it is controlled by its investment adviser. Nevertheless, in the event of such control, the following would be under common control.
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. (the "Adviser"), M Holding Securities, Inc. and M Life Insurance Company, each Colorado corporations, are controlled by M Financial Holdings Incorporated, doing business as "M Financial Group". See "MANAGEMENTInvestment Adviser" in Part A.
Article X, "Indemnification", of the Articles of Incorporation of M Fund, Inc. provides as follows:
The Corporation shall indemnify its officers and directors to the fullest extent permitted by law.
Article VIII, "Indemnification", of the By-Laws of M Fund, Inc. provides as follows:
Section 1. Every person who is or was a director, officer or employee of the Corporation or of any other corporation which he or she served at the request of the Corporation and in which the Corporation owns or owned shares of capital stock or of which it is or was a creditor shall have a right to be indemnified by the Corporation to the full extent permitted by applicable law, against all liability, judgments, fines, penalties, settlements and reasonable expenses incurred by him in connection with or resulting from any threatened or actual claim, action, suit or proceeding, whether criminal, civil, or administrative, in which he or she may become involved as a party or otherwise by reason of being or having been a director, officer or employee, except as provided in Article VIII, Sections 2 and 3 of these By-laws.
Section 2. Disabling Conduct. No such director, officer or employee shall be indemnified for any liabilities or expenses arising by reason of "disabling conduct", whether or not there is an adjudication of liability. "Disabling conduct" means willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence, or reckless disregard of the duties involved in the conduct of office.
Whether any such liability arose out of disabling conduct shall be determined: (a) by a final decision on the merits (including, but not limited to, a dismissal for insufficient evidence of any disabling conduct) by a court or other body, before whom the proceeding was brought that the person to be indemnified ("indemnitee") was not eligible for indemnity because the liability arose by reason of disabling conduct; or (b) in the absence of such a decision, by a reasonable determination, based upon a review of the facts, that such person was not eligible for indemnity because the liability arose by reason of disabling conduct, (i) by the vote of a majority of a quorum of directors who are neither interested persons of the Corporation nor parties to the action, suit, or proceeding in question ("disinterested, non-party directors"), or (ii) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion if a quorum of disinterested, non-party directors so directs or if such quorum is not obtainable, or (iii) by majority vote of the stockholders of the Corporation, or (iv) by any other reasonable and fair means not inconsistent with any of the above.
The termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction, or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent, shall not, of itself, create a presumption that any liability or expense arose by reason of disabling conduct.
Section 3. Directors' Standards of Conduct. No person who is or was a director shall be indemnified under this Article VIII for any liabilities or expenses incurred by reason of service in that capacity if an act or omission of the director was material to the matter giving rise to the threatened or actual claim, action, suit or proceeding; and such act or omission constituted disabling conduct.
Section 4. Expenses Prior to Determination. Any liabilities or expenses of the type described in Article VIII, Section 1 may be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of the claim, action, suit or proceeding, as authorized by the directors in the specific case, (a) upon receipt of a written affirmation by the indemnitee of his or her good faith belief that his or her conduct met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification as authorized by this Article VIII, Section 2; (b) upon receipt of a written undertaking by or on behalf of the indemnitee to repay the advance, unless it shall be ultimately determined that such person is entitled to indemnification; and (c) provided that (i) the indemnitee shall provide security for that undertaking, or (ii) the Corporation shall be insured against losses arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (iii) a majority of a quorum of disinterested, non-party directors, or independent legal counsel in a written opinion, shall determine, based on a review of readily available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that there is reason to believe the indemnitee ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
A determination pursuant to subparagraph (c) (iii) of this Article VIII, Section 40 shall not prevent the recovery from any indemnitee of any amount advanced to such person as indemnification if such person is subsequently determined not to be entitled to indemnification; nor shall a determination pursuant to said subparagraph prevent the payment of indemnification if such person is subsequently found to be entitled to indemnification.
Section 5. Provisions Not Exclusive. The indemnification provided by this Article VIII shall not be deemed exclusive of any rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled under any law, agreement, vote of stockholders, or otherwise.
Section 6. General. No indemnification provided by this Article shall be inconsistent with the 1940 Act or the Securities Act of 1933. Any indemnification provided by this Article shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, or employee, and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person. In addition, no amendment, modification or repeal of this Article shall adversely affect any right or protection of an indemnitee that exists at the time of such amendment, modification or repeal.
* * *
Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act of 1933 (the "1933 Act") may be permitted to Directors, officers and controlling persons of M Fund, Inc. pursuant to the
foregoing provisions, or otherwise, M Fund, Inc. has been advised that in the opinion of the SEC such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by M Fund, Inc. of expenses incurred or paid by a Director, officer or controlling person of M Fund, Inc. in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such Director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, M Fund, Inc. will, unless in the opinion of its counsel, the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the 1933 Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser.
Any other business, profession, vocation or employment of a substantial nature in which each investment adviser of M Fund, Inc. and each director, officer or partner of any such investment adviser, is or has been, at any time during the past two fiscal years, engaged for his or her own account or in the capacity of director, officer, employee, partner or trustee is described in each investment adviser's Form ADV as currently on file with the SEC, the text of which is hereby incorporated by reference.
Investment Adviser
|
File No.
|
|
---|---|---|
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. | 801-50553 | |
Brandes Investment Partners LP | 801-24896 | |
Turner Investment Partners, Inc. | 801-36220 | |
Frontier Capital Management Company, LLC | 801-15724 | |
The Clifton Group | 801-8809 | |
Iridian Asset Management, LLC | 801-50661 |
Item 27. Principal Underwriters.
Name
|
Positions and Offices with
M Holdings Securities, Inc. |
Positions and Offices
with M Fund, Inc. |
||
---|---|---|---|---|
Bridget McNamara | Director and President | None | ||
Tom Spitzer | Director | None | ||
Ron Stockfleth | Director | None | ||
Connie Elmore | Director | None | ||
Daniel Byrne | Director | President | ||
David Schutt | Treasurer and Secretary | Treasurer and Secretary | ||
JoNell Hermanson | Compliance Officer | Compliance Officer |
Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records.
All accounts, books and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940 and the rules thereunder by M Fund, Inc. will be maintained by the following offices of M Fund, Inc. or Investors Bank & Trust Company:
M Fund, Inc.
River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, Oregon 97202 |
Investors Bank & Trust Company
ATTN: Mutual Fund Administration 200 Clarendon Street Boston, Massachusetts 02116 |
Not applicable.
Not applicable.
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, the Registrant has duly caused this amendment to its Registration Statement (the "Registration Statement") to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, duly authorized, in the City of Portland, and State of Oregon on the 19th day of October, 2001.
M FUND, INC. | |||
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/
DANIEL F. BYRNE
Daniel F. Byrne, President (Principal Executive Officer) |
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed below by the following persons in the capacities indicated on October 19, 2001.
Signature
|
Title
|
|
---|---|---|
|
|
|
/s/
DAVID W. SCHUTT
David W. Schutt |
Secretary and Treasurer (Principal Financial and Accounting Officer) | |
* Peter W. Mullin |
|
Director |
* Philip Halpern |
|
Director |
* Neil Goldschmidt |
|
Director |
* Gerald Bidwell |
|
Director |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
*Executed by |
|
/s/ DANIEL F. BYRNE Daniel F. Byrne on behalf of those indicated pursuant to Powers of Attorney. |
|
|
Exhibit No.
|
Description
|
|
---|---|---|
(d1) | Investment Advisory Agreement between M Fund, Inc. and M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. | |
(d6) |
|
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement between M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc. and Iridian Asset Management, LLC |
(e) |
|
Principal Underwriting Agreement between M Fund, Inc. and M Holdings Securities, Inc. |
(g2) |
|
Form of Letter Agreement adding Business Opportunity Value Fund to Custodian Agreement between M Fund, Inc. and Investors Bank & Trust Company |
(h3) |
|
Form of Letter Agreement adding Business Opportunity Value Fund to Transfer Agency and Administration Agreements between M Fund, Inc. and Investors Bank & Trust Company |
(p8) |
|
Amended Code of Ethics of Frontier Capital Management Company LLC |
(p9) |
|
Code of Ethics of Iridian Asset Management, LLC |
(j) |
|
Consent of PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP |
M FUND, INC.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AGREEMENT
THIS AGREEMENT, made and entered into this 1 st day of September, 2001, by and between M Fund, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland (the "Fund"), and M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Colorado (the "Adviser").
WHEREAS, the Fund is an open-end management investment company registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), consisting of several portfolios of shares, each having its own investment policies; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser is duly registered as an investment adviser pursuant to the Investment Adviser Act of 1940; and
WHEREAS, the Fund desires to retain the Adviser to render investment management services with respect to its Brandes International Equity Fund, Turner Core Growth Fund, Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund, Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund and Business Opportunity Value Fund, and such other portfolios as the Fund and the Adviser may agree upon (the "Portfolios"), and the Adviser is willing to render such services. NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
The Adviser shall discharge the foregoing responsibilities subject to the control of the Board of Directors of the Fund and in compliance with such policies as the Directors may from time to time establish, and in compliance with the objectives, policies, and restrictions for each such Portfolio set forth in the Fund's prospectus and statement of additional information, as amended from time to time (referred to collectively as the "Prospectus"), and applicable laws and regulations. The Fund will furnish the Adviser from time to time with copies of all amendments or supplements to the Prospectus, if any.
The Adviser accepts such employment and agrees, at its own expense, to render the investment advisory services and to furnish, for the use of the Fund, office space and all necessary office facilities, equipment and personnel (including any sub-advisers) for servicing the investments of the Fund, maintaining its organization and assisting in providing shareholder communications and information services and to permit any of its officers and employees to serve, without compensation, as Directors or officers of the Fund if elected to such positions.
2
3
or sold to the Adviser, any sub-adviser engaged with respect to that Portfolio, or any affiliated person of the Fund, the Adviser, or that Portfolio's sub-adviser, acting as principal in the transaction, except to the extent permitted by the SEC and the 1940 Act.
No Portfolio of the Fund shall be liable for the obligations of any other Portfolio of the Fund. Without limiting the generality of the foregoing, the Adviser shall look only to the assets of a particular Portfolio for payment of fees for services rendered to that Portfolio. All rights of compensation under this Agreement for services performed as of the termination date shall survive the termination of this Agreement.
However, the Adviser will not bear expenses of the Fund or any Portfolio which would result in the Fund's inability to qualify as a regulated investment company under provisions of the Internal Revenue Code. Payment of expenses by the Adviser pursuant to this Section 6 shall be settled on a monthly basis (subject to fiscal year-end reconciliation, resulting perhaps in the Adviser's recovery of some fees waived earlier in the fiscal year) by a waiver of the Adviser's fees provided for hereunder, and such waiver shall be treated as a reduction in the purchase price of the Adviser's services.
4
Fund with the SEC or sent to shareholders under the 1940 Act (including the rules adopted thereunder) or any exemptive or other relief that the Adviser or the Fund obtains from the SEC. The Adviser agrees that all records that it (or any sub-adviser) maintains on behalf of the Fund are the property of the Fund and the Adviser will surrender promptly to the Fund any of such records upon the Fund's request; provided, however, that the Adviser may retain a copy of such records. In addition, for the duration of this Agreement, the Adviser shall preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act any such records as are required to be maintained by it pursuant to this Agreement, and shall transfer said records to any successor Adviser upon the termination of this Agreement (or, if there is no successor Adviser, to the Fund).
This Agreement may be terminated as to any Portfolio at any time, without the payment of any penalty by vote of a majority of the Directors of the Fund or by vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio on not less than 30 days' nor more than 60 days' written notice to the Adviser, or by the Adviser at any time without the payment of any penalty, on 90 days' written notice to the Fund. This Agreement will automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its assignment.
As used in this Section 12, the terms "assignment," "interested persons," and a "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" shall have the respective meanings set forth in the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, subject to such exemptions as may be granted by the SEC.
5
To the Adviser at: |
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc.
River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, OR 97202 Attn: President |
|
To the Fund at: |
|
M Fund, Inc. River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, OR 97202 Attn: President |
Each such notice, advice or report shall be effective upon receipt or three days after mailing.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers as of the day and year first written above.
M FUND, INC. | M FINANCIAL INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC. | |||
|
|
|
|
|
By: |
/s/ Daniel F. Byrne
|
By: |
/s/ Daniel F. Byrne
|
|
Title: | President | Title: | President |
6
Schedule A
to the
Investment Advisory Agreement
between
M Fund, Inc.
and
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc.
Pursuant to Section 5, the Fund shall pay the Adviser compensation at an effective annual rate as follows:
Name of Portfolio
|
Annual Rate of Compensation
|
|
---|---|---|
Brandes International Equity Fund |
1.10% of first $10 million
0.95% of next $10 million 0.75% of next $30 million 0.65% on amounts above $50 million |
|
Turner Core Growth Fund |
|
0.45% |
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund |
|
0.90% |
Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund |
|
0.40% of first $25 million 0.35% on amounts above $25 million |
Business Opportunity Value Fund |
|
0.65% of first $50 million 0.60% of next $50 million 0.55% of next $100 million 0.50% on amounts above $200 million |
7
M FUND, INC.
INVESTMENT SUB-ADVISORY AGREEMENT
For The
BUSINESS OPPORTUNITY VALUE FUND
THIS AGREEMENT made and entered into this 25 th day of September, 2001, by and between M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Colorado (the "Adviser"), and Iridian Asset Management LLC, a limited liability company organized and existing under the laws of the State of Connecticut (the "Sub-Adviser").
WHEREAS, M Fund, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the "Fund"), is registered as an open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"), and is a series fund with a number of portfolios; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser is registered as an investment adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
WHEREAS, the Adviser has entered or will enter into an Investment Advisory Agreement (the "Advisory Agreement") with the Fund, pursuant to which the Adviser will act as investment adviser to the Business Opportunity Value Fund portfolio of the Fund (the "Portfolio"), which is a series of the Fund; and
WHEREAS, the Adviser, with the approval of the Fund, desires to retain the Sub-Adviser to provide investment advisory services to the Adviser in connection with the management of the Portfolio, and the Sub-Adviser is willing to render such investment advisory services.
WHEREAS, the Sub-Adviser is registered as an investment adviser pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
breadth of the market in the security, the price of the security, the financial condition and execution capability of the broker or dealer, and the reasonableness of the commission, if any, both for the specific transaction and on a continuing basis. In evaluating the best overall terms available, and in selecting the broker-dealer to execute a particular transaction, the Sub-Adviser may also consider the brokerage and research services (as those terms are defined in Section 28(e) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) provided to the Portfolio and/or other accounts over which the Sub-Adviser or an affiliate of the Sub-Adviser may exercise investment discretion. The Sub-Adviser is authorized, subject to compliance with said Section 28(e), to pay to a broker or dealer who provides such brokerage and research services a commission for executing a portfolio transaction for the Portfolio which is in excess of the amount of commission another broker or dealer would have charged for effecting that transaction if, but only if, the Sub-Adviser determines in good faith that such commission was reasonable in relation to the value of the brokerage and research services provided by such broker or dealer viewed in terms of that particular transaction or in terms of the overall responsibilities of the Sub-Adviser to the Portfolio. In no instance, however, will any Portfolio's securities be purchased from or sold to the Sub-Adviser, the Adviser, or any affiliated person of either the Fund, the Sub-Adviser or the Adviser, acting as principal in the transaction, except to the extent permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC") and the 1940 Act.
The Sub-Adviser shall keep the Portfolio's books and records required to be maintained by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement and shall timely furnish to the Adviser all information relating to the Sub-Adviser's services under this Agreement needed by the Adviser to keep the other books and records of the Portfolio required by Rule 31a-1 under the 1940 Act. The Sub-Adviser shall also furnish to the Adviser any other information that is required to be filed by the Adviser or the Fund with the SEC or sent to shareholders under the 1940 Act (including the rules adopted thereunder) or any exemptive or other relief that the Adviser or the Fund obtains from the SEC. The Sub-Adviser agrees that all records that it maintains on behalf of the Portfolio are the property of the Portfolio and the Sub-Adviser will surrender promptly to the Portfolio any of such records upon the Portfolio's request; provided, however, that the Sub-Adviser may retain a copy of such records. In addition, for the duration of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser shall preserve for the periods prescribed by Rule 31a-2 under the 1940 Act any such records as are required to be maintained by it pursuant to this Agreement, and shall transfer said records to any successor Sub-Adviser upon the termination of this Agreement (or, if there is no successor Sub-Adviser, to the Adviser).
2
others. The Sub-Adviser shall not be under any obligation to purchase or sell for the Portfolio any security that the Sub-Adviser, its officers or employees may purchase or sell for its or their own accounts. The Sub-Adviser, its officers and employees may have an interest in an issuer or security whose purchase or sale is recommended or which is purchased, sold or otherwise traded for the Portfolio, provided, however, that such ownership, purchases and sales shall be in compliance with the Sub-Adviser's Code of Ethics, and, provided further, that such ownership, purchases and sales shall be consistent with the Sub-Adviser's fiduciary duties to the Portfolio.
The Sub-Adviser certifies that it has adopted a written code of ethics (a "Code") that complies with Rule 17j-1 of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and that it has instituted procedures reasonably designed to prevent its Access Persons from violating the Sub-Adviser's Code, and will provide evidence of the Sub-Adviser's adoption of such Code. Within a reasonable period following the end of each calendar quarter during which this Agreement remains in effect, the Sub-Adviser shall certify to the Adviser that the Sub-Adviser has complied with Rule 17j-1 and that no violations of the Sub-Adviser's Code occurred (or, if such violations did occur, appropriate action was taken). The Sub-Adviser shall furnish the Adviser with a written report, no less frequently than annually, that complies with Rule 17j-1 with respect to such reports regarding issues, material violations and any related sanctions in connection with the administration of the Code. Upon written request of the Adviser, the Sub-Adviser shall permit the Adviser to examine the reports required to be made to the Sub-Adviser under Rule 17j-1(d)(1) and other records evidencing enforcement of the Code."
Services to be furnished by the Sub-Adviser under this Agreement may be furnished through the medium of any of the Sub-Adviser's partners, officers or employees.
3
Adviser shall reimburse, indemnify, and hold harmless Sub-Adviser, individually and as sub-adviser, of and from any and all expenses, losses, damages, liabilities, demands, charges, and claims of any kind or nature (including attorneys' fees) whatsoever, arising from the operations and management of the Portfolio except where such expense, loss, damage, liability, demand, charge, or claim is the result of an occurrence described in the foregoing paragraph for which the Sub-Adviser is determined to be liable. This provision shall survive termination of this Agreement.
During the term of this Agreement, the Sub-Adviser agrees to obtain written approval from the Adviser prior to the use of any sales literature or other materials prepared for distribution to shareholders of the Portfolio, the Fund or the public that refer to the Adviser, its clients or the Fund in any way prior to the use thereof and not to use such material if the Adviser reasonably objects to the use thereof.
4
This Agreement shall continue in effect for a period of one year from the date hereof only so long as continuance is specifically approved at least annually in conformance with the 1940 Act; provided, however, that this Agreement may be terminated (a) by the Portfolio at any time, without the payment of any penalty, by the vote of a majority of Directors of the Fund or by the vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Portfolio, (b) by the Adviser at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on not more than 60 days' nor less than 30 days' written notice to the other party, or (c) the Sub-Adviser at any time, without the payment of any penalty, on 90 days' written notice to the other party. This Agreement shall terminate automatically and immediately in the event of its assignment, or in the event of a termination of the Adviser's agreement with the Fund. As used in this Section 8, the terms "assignment" and "vote of a majority of the outstanding voting securities" shall have the respective meanings set forth in the 1940 Act and the rules and regulations thereunder, subject to such exceptions as may be granted by the SEC under the 1940 Act.
To the Adviser at: |
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc.
River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, OR 97202 Attn: President |
|
To the Sub-Adviser at: |
|
Iridian Asset Management LLC 276 Post Road West Westport, CT 06880 Attn: Alice B. Hicks, Executive Vice President |
Each such notice, advice or report shall be effective upon receipt or three days after mailing.
5
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers as of the day and year first written above.
M FINANCIAL INVESTMENT ADVISERS, INC. | IRIDIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC | |||
By: |
/s/ Daniel F. Byrne |
|
By: |
/s/ Jeffrey M. Elliott |
Title: |
President |
|
Title: |
Executive Vice President |
6
Schedule A
to the
Investment Sub-Advisory Agreement
between
M Financial Investment Advisers, Inc.
and
Iridian Asset Management LLC
Pursuant to Section 4, the Adviser shall pay the Sub-Adviser compensation at an effective annual rate as follows:
Name of Portfolio
|
Annual Rate of Compensation
|
||
---|---|---|---|
Business Opportunity Value Fund | Annual Advisory Fee: | ||
0.50% x first $50,000,000 | |||
0.45% x next $50,000,000 | |||
0.40% x next $100,000,000 | |||
0.35% x balance |
7
M FUND, INC
PRINCIPAL UNDERWRITING AGREEMENT
September 1, 2001
THIS AGREEMENT is made and entered into this 1st day of September, 2001, by and between M Fund, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the state of Maryland (the "Company"), and M Holdings Securities, Inc., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Oregon (the "Distributor").
WHEREAS , the Company consists of several portfolios of shares and is registered as an open-end management series investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the "1940 Act"); and
WHEREAS , the Company has registered the shares of its several classes of stock ("Shares") for offer and sale in four portfolios, each as set forth on Schedule A hereto under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the "1933 Act"), and the Company may offer Shares of one or more additional portfolios in the future (such existing and future portfolios are collectively referred to herein as the "Funds"); and
WHEREAS , the Company was organized to serve as the funding vehicle for certain individual and group variable life insurance policies and variable annuity contracts offered by certain life insurance companies ("Participating Insurance Companies") through their segregated asset accounts (the "Accounts"), and may also offer its Shares directly to qualified pension and retirement plans (the "Qualified Plans"); and
WHEREAS , the Distributor is a broker-dealer registered with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "Commission") under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "1934 Act") and is a member of the National Association of Securities Dealers, Inc. (the "NASD");
NOW, THEREFORE , in consideration of the promises and mutual covenants herein contained, the parties hereto agree as follows:
I. APPOINTMENT OF THE DISTRIBUTOR
A. The Company hereby appoints the Distributor as its exclusive agent for the distribution of the Shares of each Fund to the Accounts of Participating Insurance Companies and to the Qualified Plans as may be permitted by applicable law and subject to the Company's obtaining any necessary regulatory approvals, subject to the terms of this Agreement and the policies and control of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board"). The Distributor hereby accepts such appointment.
B. In the event that the Company from time to time creates one or more additional Funds, it shall notify the Distributor. If the Distributor is willing to perform services hereunder to the additional Fund(s), it shall so notify the Company. Thereafter, the Company and the Distributor shall mutually agree to amend Schedule A to this Agreement in writing to add the additional Fund(s) and the additional Fund(s) shall be subject to this Agreement, subject to the approval of the Board as set forth in Paragraph XII below.
C. The Distributor is an independent contractor. The Distributor is responsible for its own conduct, for the employment, control and conduct of its agents and employees and for injury to such agents or employees or to others through its agents or employees. The Distributor assumes full responsibility for its agents and employees under applicable laws and agrees to pay all employer taxes relating thereto.
II. DUTIES OF THE DISTRIBUTOR AND THE COMPANY
A. The Company employs the Distributor :
B. The Company agrees :
2
will be submitted to and receive the approval of the Company and the Distributor before it may be used by either party.
III. REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES
3. NOTICE
The Company agrees to advise the Distributor immediately in writing:
3
V. COMPLIANCE WITH APPLICABLE REQUIREMENTS
In carrying out its obligations under this Agreement, the Distributor shall at all times conform to:
VI. EXPENSES
The expenses in connection with the distribution of the Shares shall be allocable as follows:
The Company will pay or cause to be paid:
VII. REPORTS
The Distributor shall prepare reports for the Board on a quarterly basis showing such information concerning services provided and expenses incurred related to this Agreement, and such other information, as from time to time may be reasonably requested by the Board.
VIII. INDEMNIFICATION BY THE COMPANY
The Company agrees to indemnify, defend and hold the Distributor, each person who has been, is, or may hereafter be an officer, director, employee or agent of the Distributor, and any person who controls the Distributor within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, free and harmless against
4
any loss, damage or expense reasonably incurred by any of them in connection with any claim or in connection with any action, suit, or proceeding to which any of them may be a party, which arises out of or is alleged to arise out of or is based upon a violation of any of the Company's covenants herein contained, or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact, or the alleged omission to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made not misleading, in the Registration Statement or prospectus of the Company, or any amendment or supplement thereto, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon information furnished by the Distributor. The foregoing rights of indemnification shall be in addition to any other rights to which any of the foregoing indemnified parties may be entitled as a matter of law. Nothing contained herein shall relieve the Distributor of any liability to the Company or its shareholders, or the Company of any liability to the Distributor, to which the Distributor or the Company would otherwise be subject by reason of willful misfeasance, bad faith, or gross negligence in the performance of its duties or reckless disregard of its obligations and duties under this Agreement.
IX. INDEMNIFICATION BY THE DISTRIBUTOR
The Distributor agrees to indemnify, defend and hold the Company, each person who has been, is, or may hereafter be an officer, director, employee or agent of the Company, and any person who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the 1933 Act, free and harmless against any loss, damage or expense reasonably incurred by any of them in connection with any claim or in connection with any action, suit, or proceeding to which any of them may be a party, which arises out of or is alleged to arise out of or is based upon a violation of any of the Distributor's covenants herein contained, or any alleged untrue statement of a material fact, or the alleged omission to state a material fact necessary to make the statements made not misleading, on the part of the Distributor or any agent or employee of the Distributor, whether made orally or in writing, unless such statement or omission was made in reliance upon written information furnished by the Company. The foregoing rights of indemnification shall be in addition to any other rights to which any of the foregoing indemnified parties may be entitled as a matter of law.
X. NON-EXCLUSIVITY
The services of the Distributor to the Company under this Agreement are not to be deemed exclusive, and the Distributor shall be free to render similar services to others (including other investment companies) so long as its services to the Company are not impaired thereby. It is understood and agreed that officers and directors of the Distributor may serve as officers or directors of the Company, and that officers or directors of the Company may serve as officers or directors of the Distributor to the extent permitted by law. The officers and directors of the Distributor are not prohibited by this Agreement from engaging in any other business activity or from rendering services to any other person, or from serving as partners, officers, directors or trustees of any other firm, corporation or trust, including other investment companies.
XI. TERM
This Agreement shall become effective as of the date on which this Agreement is executed, provided this Agreement is approved by both (a) the vote of a majority of the Board and (b) the vote of a majority of those members of the Board who are not parties to this Agreement or interested persons of any such party, and who have no direct or indirect financial interest in this Agreement, cast in person at a meeting called for such purposes.
5
Unless terminated as herein provided, this Agreement shall remain in full force and effect for two years from the date of execution of this Agreement and shall continue in effect from year to year thereafter, only so long as such continuance is approved at least annually:
XII. TERMINATION AND ASSIGNMENT
A. This Agreement may be terminated at any time, without the payment of any penalty,
B. This Distribution Agreement may not be assigned by the Distributor and will automatically and immediately terminate in the event of its assignment.
XIII. AMENDMENTS
This Agreement may be amended in writing, by an instrument signed by a duly authorized officer of the Company and by the Distributor, but no amendment to this Agreement shall be effective until such amendment is approved:
XIV. GOVERNING LAW
This Agreement shall be governed by the laws of the State of Oregon, without regard to conflicts of law principles; provided, however, that nothing herein shall be construed as being inconsistent with 1933 Act, the 1934 Act or the 1940 Act.
XV. DEFINITIONS
As used in this Agreement, the terms "majority of outstanding voting securities," "interested persons," and "assignment" shall have the same meaning as those terms have in the 1940 Act.
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XVI. NOTICE
Any notice, advice or report to be given pursuant to this Agreement shall be deemed sufficient if delivered by hand or first class mail, or transmitted by electronic facsimile, or mailed by registered, certified or overnight United States mail, postage prepaid, or sent by overnight delivery with a recognized courier, addressed by the party giving notice to the other party at the last address furnished by the other party:
To the Distributor at: |
M Holdings Securities, Inc.
River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, Oregon 97202 |
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Attn: Corporate Secretary |
To the Company at: |
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M Fund, Inc. River Park Center 205 S.E. Spokane Street Portland, Oregon 97202 |
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Attn: Corporate Secretary |
Each such notice, advice or report shall be effective upon receipt or three days after mailing, whichever is first.
XVII. SEVERABILITY
If any provision of this Agreement shall be held or made invalid by a court decision, statute, rule or otherwise, the remainder of this Agreement shall not be affected thereby.
XVIII. ENTIRE AGREEMENT
This Agreement embodies the entire agreement and understanding between the parties hereto, and supersedes all prior agreements and understandings relating to this Agreement's subject matter. This Agreement may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be deemed to be an original, but such counterparts shall, together, constitute only one instrument.
XIX. 1940 ACT
Where the effect of a requirement of the 1940 Act reflected in any provision of this Agreement is altered by a rule, regulation or order of the Commission, whether of special or general application, such provision shall be deemed to incorporate the effect of such rule, regulation or order.
XX. COOPERATION WITH AUTHORITIES
Each party hereto shall cooperate with the other party and all appropriate governmental authorities (including without limitation the SEC, the NASD, and state insurance regulators) and shall permit such authorities reasonable access to its books and records in connection with any investigation or inquiry relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby.
XXI. CUMULATIVE RIGHTS
The rights, remedies and obligations contained in this Agreement are cumulative and are in addition to any and all rights, remedies and obligations, at law or in equity, which the parties hereto are entitled to under state and federal laws.
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8. BOOKS AND RECORDS
The Company shall own and control all the pertinent records pertaining to its operations.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Agreement to be executed by their duly authorized officers as of the day and year first written above.
M FUND, INC. | |||
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By: |
/s/ Daniel F. Byrne |
Title: | President | ||
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M HOLDINGS SECURITIES, INC. |
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By: |
/s/ Michael Keller |
Title: | President |
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Funds of M Fund, Inc.
Brandes International Equity Fund
Turner Core Growth Fund
Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund
Clifton Enhanced U. S. Equity Fund
Business Opportunity Value Fund
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August 20, 2001
Investors
Bank & Trust Company
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, MA 02111
Attn: Paula Lordi
RE: | M Fund, Inc. (the "Trust") on behalf of its Business Opportunity Value Fund (the "Fund") |
Dear Ms. Lordi:
Reference is made to the Custodian Agreement, the Administration Agreement and the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (collectively, the "Agreements"), each dated December 4, 1995, between the Trust and Investors Bank & Trust Company (the "Bank"). The Trust hereby appoints the Bank to provide the services described in each of the Agreements to the Fund, subject o the terms and provisions of each of such Agreements, including the fee schedules associated therewith.
If the foregoing is acceptable to you, please execute and return copy of this letter agreement, upon which it will become effective.
M FUND, INC. | ||
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By: Title: |
Acknowledged and Agreed: |
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Investors Bank & Trust Company |
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By: Title: |
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August 20, 2001
Investors
Bank & Trust Company
200 Clarendon Street
Boston, MA 02111
Attn: Paula Lordi
RE: | M Fund, Inc. (the "Trust") on behalf of its Business Opportunity Value Fund (the "Fund") |
Dear Ms. Lordi:
Reference is made to the Custodian Agreement, the Administration Agreement and the Transfer Agency and Service Agreement (collectively, the "Agreements"), each dated December 4, 1995, between the Trust and Investors Bank & Trust Company (the "Bank"). The Trust hereby appoints the Bank to provide the services described in each of the Agreements to the Fund, subject o the terms and provisions of each of such Agreements, including the fee schedules associated therewith.
If the foregoing is acceptable to you, please execute and return copy of this letter agreement, upon which it will become effective.
M FUND, INC. | ||
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By: Title: |
Acknowledged and Agreed: |
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Investors Bank & Trust Company |
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By: Title: |
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FRONTIER CAPITAL MANAGEMENT COMPANY, LLC
FRONTIER PERFORMANCE ADVISERS, L.P.
This is the Code of Ethics (the "Code") of Frontier Capital Management Co., LLC and Frontier Performance Advisers, L.P. (as applicable, the "Firm").
Things You Need to Know to Use This Code
1. Terms in boldface type have special meanings as used in this Code. To understand the Code, you need to read the definitions of these terms. The definitions are at the end of the Code.
2. To understand what parts of this Code apply to you, you need to know whether you fall into one of these categories:
Access Person
Investment Person |
If you don't know, ask the Chief Compliance Officer .
3. This Code has four sections:
Part I | Applies to All Personnel; | |
Part II | Applies to All Personnel and, in part, to Access Persons who are not personnel; | |
Part III | Applies to Investment Persons; and | |
Definitions |
NOTE: If you are an Investment Person , you are automatically an Access Person too, so you must comply with both the Access Person provisions and the Investment Person provisions.
4. There are three Reporting Forms that all personnel and Access Persons who are not personnel have to fill out under this Code. You can get copies of the Reporting Forms from the Chief Compliance Officer .
5. The Chief Compliance Officer has the authority to grant written waivers of the provisions of this Code in appropriate instances. However:
6. The Management Committee will review the terms and provisions of this Code at least annually and make amendments as necessary.
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PART I
Applies to All Personnel
A. General Principles
The Firm is a fiduciary for its investment advisory and sub-advisory clients. Because of this fiduciary relationship, it is generally improper for the Firm or its personnel to
Also, as a matter of business policy, the Firm wants to avoid even the appearance that the Firm, its personnel or others receive any improper benefit from information about client trading or accounts, or from our relationships with our clients or with the brokerage community.
The Firm expects all personnel to comply with the spirit of the Code, as well as the specific rules contained in the Code.
The Firm treats violations of this Code (including violations of the spirit of the Code) very seriously. If you violate either the letter or the spirit of this Code, the Firm may take disciplinary measures against you, including, without limitation, imposing penalties or fines, reducing your compensation, demoting you, requiring unwinding of the trade, requiring disgorgement of trading gains, suspending or terminating your employment, or any combination of the foregoing.
Improper trading activity can constitute a violation of this Code. But you can also violate this Code by failing to file required reports, or by making inaccurate or misleading reports or statements concerning trading activity or securities accounts. Your conduct can violate this Code even if no clients are harmed by your conduct.
If you have any doubt or uncertainty about what this Code requires or permits, you should ask the Chief Compliance Officer . Please do not guess at the answer.
B. Gifts to or from Brokers or Clients
No personnel may accept or receive on their own behalf or on behalf of the Firm any gift or other accommodation which has a value in excess of a de minimus amount from any vendor, broker, securities salesman, client or prospective client (a "business contact"). The Chief Compliance Officer will, from time to time, issue guidelines as to the type and value of items that would be considered subject to this restriction. This prohibition applies equally to gifts to members of the Family/Household of firm personnel.
No personnel may give on their own behalf or on behalf of the Firm any gift or other accommodation to a business contact that may be construed as an improper attempt to influence the recipient.
These policies are not intended to prohibit normal business entertainment.
C. Service on the Board or as an Officer of Another Company
To avoid conflicts of interest, inside information and other compliance and business issues, the Firm prohibits all its employees from serving as officers or members of the board of any other entity, except with the advance written approval of the Firm. Approval must be obtained through the Chief Compliance Officer , and will ordinarily require consideration by senior officers or the board of the Firm. The Firm can deny approval for any reason. This prohibition does not apply to service as an
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officer or board member of any parent or subsidiary of the Firm or any not-for-profit, charitable foundation, organization or similar entity.
PART II
Applies to All Personnel
NOTE: Certain subsections in this Part, as indicated, apply not only to all personnel, but also to Access Persons who are not employees of the Firm, as required under Investment Company Act Rule 17j-1.
A. Reporting Requirements (also applies to Access Persons who are not employees, as required under Investment Company Act Rule 17j-1(d))
NOTE: One of the most complicated parts of complying with this Code is understanding what holdings, transactions and accounts you must report and what accounts are subject to trading restrictions. For example, accounts of certain members of your family and household are covered, as are certain categories of trust accounts, certain investment pools in which you might participate, and certain accounts that others may be managing for you. To be sure you understand what holdings, transactions and accounts are covered, it is essential that you carefully review the definitions of Covered Security , Family/Household and Beneficial Ownership in the "Definitions" section at the end of this Code.
ALSO: You must file the reports described below, even if you have no holdings, transactions or accounts to list in the reports.
Copies of all reporting forms may be obtained from the Chief Compliance Officer .
1. Initial Holdings Reports. No later than 10 calendar days after you become an employee or other Access Person , you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Initial Holdings Report.
The Initial Holdings Report requires you to list all Covered Securities in which you (or members of your Family/Household ) have Beneficial Ownership . It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you maintained an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities ) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household on the date you became an employee or other Access Person .
The Initial Holdings Report also requires you to confirm that you have read and understand this Code, that you understand that it applies to you and members of your Family/Household , and, if applicable, that you understand that you are an Access Person and/or an Investment Person under the Code.
2. Quarterly Transaction Reports. No later than 10 calendar days after the end of March, June, September and December each year, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer a Quarterly Transaction Report.
The Quarterly Transaction Report requires you to list all transactions during the most recent calendar quarter in Covered Securities in which you (or a member of your Family/Household ) had Beneficial Ownership . It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you or a member of your Family/Household established an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities ) were held during the quarter for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household.
3. Annual Holdings Reports. By January 30 of each year, you must file with the Chief Compliance Officer an Annual Holdings Report.
The Annual Holdings Report requires you to list all Covered Securities in which you (or a member of your Family/Household ) had Beneficial Ownership as of December 31 of the prior year. It also requires you to list all brokers, dealers and banks where you or a member of your Family/Household
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maintained an account in which any securities (not just Covered Securities ) were held for the direct or indirect benefit of you or a member of your Family/Household on December 31 of the prior year.
The Annual Holdings Report also requires you to confirm that you have read and understand this Code and have complied with its requirements, that you understand that it applies to you and members of your Family/Household , and that you understand, if applicable, that you are an Access Person and/ or an Investment Person under the Code.
4. Duplicate Confirmation Statements. If you or any member of your Family/Household has a securities account with any broker, dealer or bank, you or your Family/Household member must direct that broker, dealer or bank to send, directly to the Firm's Chief Compliance Officer , contemporaneous duplicate copies of all transaction confirmation statements and all account statements relating to that account.
B. Transaction Restrictions
1. Prohibition on Trading in Covered Securities that are Being Considered for Purchase or Sale for a Client.
You are prohibited from trading in a Covered Security if you have actual knowledge that such security is being considered for purchase or sale on a client's behalf. [This prohibition applies during the entire period that the Covered Security is being considered by the Firm for purchase or sale and regardless of whether the Covered Security is actually purchased or sold for the client.]
You are prohibited from trading in a Covered Security if you have actual knowledge that such security is being considered for purchase or sale on a client's behalf.
This prohibition does not apply to the following categories of transactions:
NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations
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(including repurchase agreements), and shares of registered mutual funds are also not subject to this prohibition.
2. Preclearance. You and members of your Family/Household are prohibited from engaging in any transaction in a Covered Security for any account in which you or a member of your Family/Household has any Beneficial Ownership , unless you obtain, in advance of the transaction, preclearance for that transaction. Preclearance is obtained by first completing the Personal Trade Request Form. (A copy of the Personal Trade Request Form can be obtained from the Chief Compliance Officer .) The Personal Trade Request Form must then be signed and date and time stamped by a trader. (In so doing the trader is stating that there is no pending trade in a client account nor is he or she aware of any forthcoming client trade.) The Personal Trade Request Form is then submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer for preclearance.
If preclearance is obtained, the approval is valid for the day on which it is granted and the immediately following business day. The Chief Compliance Officer may revoke a preclearance any time after it is granted and before you execute the transaction. The Chief Compliance Officer may deny or revoke preclearance for any reason. In no event will preclearance be granted for any Covered Security if the Firm has a buy or sell order pending for that same security or a closely related security (such as an option relating to that security, or a related convertible or exchangeable security).
The preclearance requirements do not apply to the following categories of transactions:
NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements) and shares of registered mutual funds are also not subject to the preclearance requirements.
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3. Private Placements. (also applies to Access Persons who are not employees, as required under Investment Company Act Rule 17j-1(e))
Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may acquire any Beneficial Ownership in any security (not just Covered Securities ) in a private placement, except with the specific, advance written approval of the Chief Compliance Officer , which the Chief Compliance Officer may deny for any reason.
4. Initial Public Offerings. (also applies to Access Persons who are not employees, as required under Investment Company Act Rule 17j-1(e))
Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may acquire any Beneficial Ownership in any security (not just Covered Securities ) in an initial public offering.
5. Prohibition on Short-Term Trading. Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may purchase and sell at a profit, or sell and purchase, a Covered Security (or any closely related security, such as an option or a related convertible or exchangeable security) within any period of 60 calendar days.
This prohibition does not apply to the following categories of transactions:
NOTE: Because they are not included within the definition of Covered Security (as set forth in the Definitions Section), investments in direct obligations of the U.S. Government, bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and other high quality short-term debt obligations (including repurchase agreements), and shares of registered mutual funds are also not subject to this prohibition.
6. Prohibition on Short Sales. Neither you nor any member of your Family/Household may purchase a put option or sell a call option, sell short or otherwise take a short position, either directly or through any Beneficial Ownership , in any Covered Security .
This prohibition does not apply to transactions in Covered Securities by Firm-sponsored collective investment vehicles for which the Firm serves as investment advisor as to which you may be deemed to have Beneficial Ownership .
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Part III
Applies to all Investment Persons
15-Day Blackout Period
The 15-day blackout period described below applies to employees of the Firm who are most likely to have access to information about which securities will be purchased or sold on behalf of client accounts. It is designed to prevent frontrunning and various other activities that create conflicts with the interests of clients.
No Investment Person (including any member of the Family/Household of such Investment Person ) may purchase or sell any Covered Security within the seven calendar days immediately before or after a calendar day on which any client account managed by the Firm purchases or sells that Covered Security (or any closely related security, such as an option or a related convertible or exchangeable security), unless the Investment Person had no actual knowledge that the Covered Security (or any closely related security) was being considered for purchase or sale or was in fact purchased or sold for any client account. Note that the total blackout period is 15 days (the day of the client trade, plus seven days before and seven days after).
NOTE: Portfolio Managers: It sometimes happens that an Investment Person who is responsible for making final investment decisions for client accounts (i.e., a portfolio manager) determineswithin the seven calendar days after the day he or she (or a member of his or her Family/Household ) has purchased or sold for his or her own account a Covered Security that was not, to the Investment Person's knowledge, then under consideration for purchase by any client accountthat it would be desirable for client accounts as to which the Investment Person is responsible for making investment decisions to purchase or sell the same Covered Security (or a closely related security). In this situation, the Investment Person MUST put the clients' interests first and promptly make the investment decision in the clients' interest, rather than delaying the decision for clients until after the seventh day following the day of the transaction for the Investment Person's (or Family/Household member's) own account to avoid conflict with the blackout provisions of this Code.
NOTE: Research Analysts: It sometimes happens that an Investment Person who is responsible for making investment recommendations for client accounts (i.e., a research analyst) determineswithin the seven calendar days after the day he or she (or a member of his or her Family/Household ) has purchased or sold for his or her own account a Covered Security that was not, to the Investment Person's knowledge, then under consideration for purchase by any client accountthat it would be desirable for client accounts as to which the Investment Person is responsible for making investment recommendations to recommend the purchase or sale the same Covered Security (or a closely related security). In this situation, the Investment Person MUST put the clients' interests first and promptly make the investment recommendation in the clients' interest, rather than delaying the recommendation for clients until after the seventh day following the day of the transaction for the Investment Person's (or Family/Household member's) own account to avoid conflict with the blackout provisions of this Code.
The Firm recognizes that certain situations may occur entirely in good faith and will not take disciplinary measures in such instances if it appears that the Investment Person acted in good faith and in the best interests of the Firm's clients. The above notes are not intended to specify instances of compliance and non-compliance with the 15-day Blackout Period restrictions, but rather are provided for clarification purposes to help ensure that any apparent or real conflicts that may arise between compliance with the Blackout Period and the pursuit of clients' interests are always resolved in favor of the clients' interests.
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The blackout requirements do not apply to the following categories of transactions:
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These terms have special meanings in this Code of Ethics:
Access Person
Beneficial Ownership
Chief Compliance Officer
Covered Security
Family/Household
Investment Person
The special meanings of these terms as used in this Code of Ethics are explained below. Some of these terms (such as "beneficial ownership") are sometimes used in other contexts, not related to Codes of Ethics, where they have different meanings. For example, "beneficial ownership" has a different meaning in this Code of Ethics than it does in the SEC's rules for proxy statement disclosure of corporate directors' and officers' stockholdings, or in determining whether an investor has to file 13D or 13G reports with the SEC.
IMPORTANT: If you have any doubt or question about whether an investment, account or person is covered by any of these definitions, ask the Chief Compliance Officer. Please do not guess at the answer.
Access Person includes:
Every member of the Firm's Management Committee
Every officer of the Firm
Every employee of the Firm (or of any company that directly or indirectly has a 25% or greater interest in the Firm) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes, participates in or obtains information regarding the purchase or sale of a Covered Security for any client account, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to purchases and sales. All portfolio managers and analysts are Access Persons.
Access Person does not include any director, officer or employee of FCMC Holdings, Inc., unless the director, officer or employee is an Access Person by virtue of some capacity other than such position with FCMC Holdings, Inc.
Beneficial Ownership means any opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in the profit from any transaction in securities. It also includes transactions over which you exercise investment discretion (other than for a client of the Firm), even if you don't share in the profits.
Beneficial Ownership is a very broad concept. Some examples of forms of Beneficial Ownership include:
Securities held in a person's own name, or that are held for the person's benefit in nominee, custodial or "street name" accounts.
Securities owned by or for a partnership in which the person is a general partner (whether the ownership is under the name of that partner, another partner or the partnership or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account).
Securities that are being managed for a person's benefit on a discretionary basis by an investment adviser, broker, bank, trust company or other manager, unless the securities are held in a "blind trust" or similar arrangement under which the person is prohibited by contract from communicating with the manager of the account and the manager is prohibited from disclosing to the person what investments are held in the account. (Just putting securities into a discretionary account is not enough to remove them from a person's Beneficial Ownership . This is because,
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unless the account is a "blind trust" or similar arrangement, the owner of the account can still communicate with the manager about the account and potentially influence the manager's investment decisions.)
Securities in a person's individual retirement account.
Securities in a person's account in a 401(k) or similar retirement plan, even if the person has chosen to give someone else investment discretion over the account.
Securities owned by a trust of which the person is either a trustee or a beneficiary .
Securities owned by a corporation, partnership or other entity that the person controls (whether the ownership is under the name of that person, under the name of the entity or through a nominee, custodial or "street name" account).
Securities owned by an investment club in which the person participates.
This is not a complete list of the forms of ownership that could constitute Beneficial Ownership for purposes of this Code. You should ask the Chief Compliance Officer if you have any questions or doubts at all about whether you or a member of your Family/Household would be considered to have Beneficial Ownership in any particular situation.
Chief Compliance Officer means Kirk Smith, or another person that he designates to perform the functions of Chief Compliance Officer when he is not available. For purposes of reviewing the Chief Compliance Officer's own transactions and reports under this Code, the functions of the Chief Compliance Officer are performed by Thomas W. Duncan, President.
Covered Security means anything that is considered a "security" under the Investment Company Act of 1940, except :
Direct obligations of the U.S. Government.
Bankers' acceptances, bank certificates of deposit, commercial paper and high quality short-term debt obligations, including repurchase agreements.
Shares of open-end investment companies that are registered under the Investment Company Act (mutual funds).
This is a very broad definition of security. It includes most kinds of investment instruments, including things that you might not ordinarily think of as "securities," such as:
options on securities, on indexes and on currencies.
investments in all kinds of limited partnerships.
investments in foreign unit trusts and foreign mutual funds.
investments in private investment funds and hedge funds (note that investments in private investment funds and hedge funds advised by the Firm are not subject to the prohibitions and preclearance requirements set forth in Sections B, 1 and 2 of Part II or the blackout provisions set forth in Part III of this Code).
If you have any question or doubt about whether an investment is a considered a security or a Covered Security under this Code, ask the Chief Compliance Officer .
Members of your Family/Household include:
Your spouse or domestic partner (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support).
Your children under the age of 18.
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Your children who are 18 or older (unless they do not live in the same household as you and you do not contribute in any way to their support).
Any of these people who live in your household: your stepchildren, grandchildren, parents, stepparents, grandparents, brothers, sisters, parents-in-law, sons-in-law, daughters-in-law, brothers-in-law and sisters-in-law, including adoptive relationships.
CommentThere are a number of reasons why this Code covers transactions in which members of your Family/Household have Beneficial Ownership . First, the SEC regards any benefit to a person that you help support financially as indirectly benefiting you, because it could reduce the amount that you might otherwise contribute to that person's support. Second, members of your household could, in some circumstances, learn of information regarding the Firm's trading or recommendations for client accounts, and must not be allowed to benefit from that information.
Investment Person means any employee of the Firm (or of any company that directly or indirectly has a 25% or greater interest in the Firm) who, in connection with his or her regular functions or duties, makes or participates in making recommendations regarding the purchase or sale of any securities (even if they're not Covered Securities ) for any client account, or whose functions relate to the making of any recommendations with respect to purchases and sales; and any natural person who directly or indirectly has a 25% or greater interest in the Firm and obtains information concerning recommendations made to any client of the Firm regarding the purchase or sale of any securities (even if they're not Covered Securities ) by the client. All portfolio managers and analysts are Investment Persons.
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IRIDIAN ASSET MANAGEMENT LLC
276 Post Road West
Westport, CT 06880-4704
CODE OF ETHICS
and
CODE OF CONDUCT
Effective as of January 15, 1997
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Iridian Asset Management LLC is registered as an investment adviser under the Investment Advisers Act of 1940 (the "Act"). As such, it and its employees are subject to the Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. In compliance with the Act, Iridian has adopted certain policies which are embodied in its Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct.
All Iridian Personnel must adhere to the general principles as well as comply with the specific provisions of the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct. Technical compliance with the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct and its procedures will not automatically prevent scrutiny of trades that show a pattern of abuse of an individual's fiduciary duties to Clients.
FAILURE BY ANY IRIDIAN PERSONNEL TO ADHERE TO THE CODE OF ETHICS AND CODE OF CONDUCT COULD RESULT IN SEVERE CONSEQUENCES FOR BOTH IRIDIAN AND IRIDIAN PERSONNEL.
All Iridian Personnel are required to read these Codes carefully. Iridian Personnel will be asked to sign an affidavit acknowledging compliance with these Codes, and to make certain disclosures and to provide certain information to the Adviser on a periodic basis. If Iridian Personnel have any questions about these Codes and the policies and procedures contained herein, please see the Chief Compliance Officer.
The following definitions are used in the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct.
" Act " means the Investment Advisers Act of 1940.
" Adviser " means Iridian Asset Management LLC.
" Beneficial Ownership " means (i) the sole or shared power, directly or indirectly, to vote or dispose of the subject Securities or (ii) the opportunity, directly or indirectly, to profit or share in any profit derived from the purchase or sale of the subject Securities. "Beneficial Ownership" includes, but is not limited to, ownership of Securities held by members of the immediate family sharing the same household and other interests identified in Rule 16al(a)(2) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. For these purposes, "immediate family" means any child, stepchild, grandchild, parent, stepparent, grandparent, spouse, sibling, mother-in-law, father-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law or sister-in-law, and includes adoptive relationships.
" Client " means any current client of the Adviser.
" Chief Compliance Officer " shall be the person designated on Schedule A.
" Code " or " Codes " shall refer to the Code of Ethics and Code of Conduct of the Adviser.
" Excluded Securities " include the following securities: (i) securities issued by the United States government, (ii) short term debt securities which are government securities within the meaning of Section 2(a)(16) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, (iii) bankers' acceptances, (iv) bank certificates of deposit, and (v) commercial paper.
" Iridian Personnel " means all employees, whether full-time or part-time, of the Adviser. Any provisions of this Code that apply directly to Iridian Personnel apply equally to accounts in the names of other persons in which Iridian Personnel have Beneficial Ownership.
" Investment Personnel " means (i) Portfolio Managers and (ii) other Iridian Personnel (including securities analysts and traders), who provide information and advice to Portfolio Managers regarding Client investment decisions. A list of Investment Personnel is attached as Schedule A. Any provisions of this Code that apply directly to Personal Securities Transactions by Investment Personnel apply
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equally to transactions in accounts in the names of other persons in which the Investment Personnel have Beneficial Ownership.
" Management Committee " shall be comprised of those persons designated on Schedule A.
" Personal Securities Transaction(s) " means transactions in Securities for the account(s) in the names of Iridian Personnel, or for accounts in which Iridian Personnel have Beneficial Ownership.
" Portfolio Managers " means those Iridian Personnel entrusted with the direct responsibility and authority to make investment decisions affecting any Client. A list of Portfolio Managers is attached as Schedule A. Any provisions of this Code that apply directly to Personal Securities Transactions by a Portfolio Manager apply equally to transactions in accounts in the names of other persons in which the Portfolio Manager has Beneficial Ownership.
" Purchase or Sale of a Security " includes, among other things, the writing of an option to purchase or sell a Security.
" Security " means any note, stock, treasury stock, bond, debenture, evidence of indebtedness, certificate of interest or participation in any profit-sharing agreement, collateral trust certificate, pre-organization certificate or subscription, transferable share, investment contract, voting trust certificate, certificate of deposit for a security, fractional undivided interest in oil, gas or other mineral rights, or, in general, any interest or instrument commonly known as a "security," or any certificate or interest or participation in temporary or interim certificate for, receipt for, guarantee of, or warrant or right to subscribe to or purchase (including options) any of the foregoing. The term "Security" shall not include "Excluded Securities."
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I. STATEMENT OF PRINCIPLES
The Adviser has adopted this Code of Ethics and the accompanying procedures and forms to govern personal securities investment activities by all Iridian Personnel. Although this Code contains a number of specific standards and policies, there are three key principles embodied throughout the Code.
Iridian Personnel have a legal, fiduciary duty to place the interests of the Clients first. Although in many instances Iridian Personnel may own securities and engage in Personal Securities Transactions in securities in which Clients also may have an ownership interest, Iridian Personnel, in any decision relating to their personal investments, must scrupulously avoid serving their own interests ahead of those of any Client.
Iridian Personnel should avoid any situation (unusual investment opportunities, perquisites, accepting gifts of more than token value from persons seeking to do business with the Adviser or its Clients, etc .) that might compromise, or call into question, the exercise of their fully independent judgment in the interests of Clients.
Although all personal securities transactions by Iridian Personnel must be conducted in a manner consistent with this Code, the Code itself is based upon the premise that Iridian Personnel owe a fiduciary duty to Clients, and should avoid any activity that creates an actual, potential or apparent conflict of interest. Before entering into a personal securities transaction, Iridian Personnel should ask themselves what effect it would have on their reputationand Iridian'sif the transaction were described on the front page of The New York Times or The Wall Street Journal .
II. PROHIBITED PURCHASES AND SALES OF SECURITIES
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III. EXEMPTED TRANSACTIONS
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IV. PRECLEARANCE OF PERSONAL SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS
All Iridian Personnel wishing to engage in Personal Securities Transactions which are not Exempted Transactions must obtain prior verbal authorization of any such Personal Securities Transaction from the Chief Compliance Officer or any Trader, or such other person or persons that the Chief Compliance Officer may from time to time designate to make such authorizations. Personal Securities Transactions which are not Exempted Transactions proposed to be engaged in by the Chief Compliance Officer shall require prior verbal authorization of a Trader or a member of the Management Committee.
If there are any questions about whether any Iridian Personnel may engage in Personal Securities Transactions, such questions shall be resolved by the Chief Compliance Officer. Any doubts shall be resolved in favor of refraining from trading.
Any such verbal authorization of Personal Securities Transactions which are not Exempted Transactions shall promptly be memorialized in writing and submitted to the Chief Compliance Officer.
Any authorization so provided is effective until the close of business on the third trading day after the authorization is granted. If an order for the Personal Securities Transactions which are not Exempted Transactions is not placed within that time period, a new authorization must be obtained. If the order for the transaction is placed but not executed within that time period, no new authorization is required unless the person placing the original order amends the order in any manner.
V. TRANSACTION AND ACCOUNT POSITION REPORTING REQUIREMENTS
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by reason of such transaction acquires, any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security:
Such reports shall be made no later than 10 days after the end of the calendar quarter in which the transaction to which the report relates was effected.
For Iridian Personnel, such reports will be deemed to be made if the executing broker provides to the Chief Compliance Officer, on a timely basis, duplicate copies of confirmations of all Personal Securities Transactions and copies of periodic statements for all securities accounts.
Not later than 10 days after the end of each calendar quarter, all Iridian Personnel are required to certify, in writing, that they have reported all Personal Securities Transactions required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of this Code of Ethics. In addition, all Iridian Personnel are required to certify, in writing, that they have reported all Outside Interest and Outside Activities required to be disclosed or reported pursuant to the requirements of the Code.
Any such report may contain a statement that the report shall not be construed as an admission by the person making such report that he or she has any direct or indirect Beneficial Ownership in the Security to which the report relates.
Iridian Personnel need not make such a report with respect to transactions effected for any account in which they may have Beneficial Ownership, but over which they do not have any direct or indirect influence or control (for example, a blind trust).
VI. OUTSIDE INTERESTS AND OUTSIDE ACTIVITIES.
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VII. CONFIDENTIAL STATUS OF THE ADVISER'S PORTFOLIO
The current portfolio positions of the Adviser must be kept confidential. If non-public information regarding the portfolio should become known to any Iridian Personnel, whether in the line of duty or otherwise, he or she should not reveal it to anyone unless it is properly part of his or her work to do so. If anyone is asked about the Adviser's portfolio or whether a security has been bought or sold, his or her reply should be that this is an improper question and that this answer does not mean that the Adviser has bought, sold or retained the particular security.
VIII. ENFORCEMENT AND PENALTIES
The Chief Compliance Officer shall review each confirmation and brokerage statement describing Personal Securities Transactions by Iridian Personnel. The confirmations and brokerage statements shall be compared to the transactions of the Adviser. If a transaction appears to be in violation of the Code, the transaction will be reported to the Management Committee.
If a Portfolio Manager executes a Personal Securities Transaction within seven calendar days before or after the execution of a trade in the same Security by the Adviser, and receives a price more favorable than that received by any Client, the Portfolio Manager will be required to make a charitable contribution to a charity selected by the Adviser in the amount of the aggregate price difference of the Personal Securities Transaction.
Portfolio Managers or Investment Personnel who profit from a Short-Term Trade will be required to make a charitable contribution to a charity selected by the Adviser in the amount of the profit made.
The Adviser may take additional action, as described below.
IX. DUTIES AND POWERS OF THE ADVISER
The Management Committee of the Adviser shall determine the appropriate response of the Adviser, taking into account all of the facts and circumstances of the apparent violation. If a violation has, in fact, occurred, the Management Committee shall, in its sole discretion, impose any one or more of the following penalties:
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The Management Committee also may require such Iridian Personnel to resign from any Outside Interests, and to return to an Outside Person the value of the Outside Activity returned.
The Management Committee also may impose any penalty it deems appropriate upon any person that has engaged in a course of conduct which, although in technical compliance with the Code, shows a pattern of abuse by that person of his or her fiduciary duties to Clients.
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I. INSIDER TRADING AND SECURITIES FRAUD ENFORCEMENT ACT PROCEDURES
As a registered investment adviser under the Act, the Adviser must establish and implement procedures designed to prevent insider trading and securities fraud.
As prescribed by the Code of Ethics, each Iridian Personnel is required to notify the Chief Compliance Officer of where his or her personal brokerage accounts are maintained. This is done when the Iridian Personnel is hired and when there is a change in this information. It is the responsibility of all Iridian Personnel to notify promptly the Chief Compliance Officer of any changes in his or her personal accounts.
Personal accounts are any accounts in the name of Iridian Personnel and any accounts of family members in which the Iridian Personnel has a financial interest or for which the Iridian Personnel has a Beneficial Interest.
Each Iridian Personnel is required to obtain prior approval on any transactions effected in his or her personal accounts as set forth in the preclearance procedures adopted by the Adviser.
Trades effected in all personal accounts will be reviewed periodically. The purpose of these reviews will be to ensure that no violations of securities laws have occurred. In this regard, all Iridian Personnel should keep the following in mind when making personal investment decisions:
If any Iridian Personnel believes that he or she is in possession of material inside information, he or she must notify the Chief Compliance Officer immediately.
II. MEMORANDUM ON INSIDER TRADING
This memorandum explains procedures adopted by the Adviser to prevent insider trading.
READ IT CAREFULLY. INSIDER TRADING IS ILLEGAL AND PUNISHABLE BY FINES AND IMPRISONMENT.
This memorandum explains the conduct prohibited by the law of insider trading. It is meant to be a guidelineas the law of insider trading develops, other activities may fall within the scope of the insider trading laws.
Read this memorandum carefully. All Iridian Personnel will be asked to sign a statement affirming that he or she has read this Code and that he or she understands its contents and will abide by the procedures being established.
New employees will be asked to sign such a statement at the time they join the Adviser. By signing this statement, each Iridian Personnel also affirms that he or she will maintain the confidentiality of information concerning the Adviser's trading and other activities of the Adviser and its Clients. If Iridian Personnel have any questions about what conduct is prohibited by the law of insider trading, contact the Chief Compliance Officer immediately.
Ignorance of the law is no excuse.
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A. Trading by Iridian Personnel
The Adviser has adopted procedures to ensure that Iridian Personnel do not trade on inside information.
Iridian Personnel have been instructed to arrange for daily confirmations and monthly statements for all securities accounts to be sent to the Chief Compliance Officer. Whenever Iridian Personnel open new accounts, Iridian Personnel must arrange for the daily confirmations and monthly statements for these accounts to be sent to the Chief Compliance Officer. Employment of any Iridian Personnel may be terminated if it is determined that he or she has not complied with this procedure.
In addition, Iridian Personnel must arrange for the daily confirmations and monthly statements for any account in which Iridian Personnel own an interest to be sent to the Chief Compliance Officer. Iridian Personnel may be deemed to own an interest in someone else's account if Iridian Personnel share in the profits earned in the other account have discretion over the account or have any other financial interest in the other account. Iridian Personnel should contact the Chief Compliance Officer if he or she has any questions about whether Iridian Personnel own an interest in someone else's account. Iridian Personnel must also arrange for the daily confirmations and monthly statements for the securities accounts of his or her spouse and children and other persons who live with Iridian Personnel to be sent to the Chief Compliance Officer.
B. What To Do If You Learn Inside Information
It is not illegal to learn inside information. It is only illegal to trade on such information. If any Iridian Personnel thinks that he or she may have learned inside information, he or she must contact immediately the Chief Compliance Officer or, in his absence, any member of the Management Committee. UNTIL YOU SPEAK WITH THE CHIEF COMPLIANCE OFFICER OR, IN HIS ABSENCE, ANY MEMBER OF THE MANAGEMENT COMMITTEE, DO NOT TRADE ON THE INFORMATION OR DISCUSS THE POSSIBLE INSIDE INFORMATION WITH ANY OTHER PERSON.
If the Chief Compliance Officer concludes that such Iridian Personnel may in fact have learned inside information, procedures will be established so that other Iridian Personnel do not learn the inside information.
C. Investigations of Suspicious Trading
It is possible that the Exchanges, the NASD and the SEC may request information from the Adviser concerning suspicious trading. Iridian Personnel may be asked to sign a sworn affidavit affirming that, at the time of such trading, he or she did not have any inside information about the securities in questions. Employment of such Iridian personnel may be terminated if he or she refuses to sign such an affidavit or cooperate with any such investigation. The Adviser may submit these affidavits to the SEC.
D. The Adviser's Trading Activities Are Confidential
It is the duty of each Iridian Personnel to maintain the confidentiality of information concerning the Adviser's trading. This confidential information includes the Adviser's and its Clients' securities positions, the timing and magnitude of trades, its trading plans and any internally prepared analysis of particular securities or of the markets. Iridian Personnel should take every practicable step you can to preserve the confidentiality of this confidential information. For example:
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Obviously, a list such as this can only be suggestive. It is the responsibility of each Iridian Personnel to take whatever practicable steps are appropriate to preserve the confidentiality of confidential information.
The Adviser has a vital interest in the integrity of the securities markets. Insider trading destroys that integrity. The Adviser is committed to preventing insider trading and may terminate the employment of any Iridian Personnel who engages in this illegal practice.
E. Conduct Prohibited by the Law of Insider Trading
This section is intended to provide information and guidance concerning insider trading, which has become an enforcement priority of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the Department of Justice. THIS SECTION IS A GUIDELINE AS THE LAW OF INSIDER TRADING DEVELOPS, OTHER ACTIVITIES MAY FALL WITHIN THE SCOPE OF THE INSIDER TRADING LAWS. If any Iridian Personnel does not understand the following summary or have any questions about the conduct prohibited by the law of insider trading, please contact the Chief Compliance Officer.
1. THE BASIC PRINCIPLE: Disclose or Refrain.
Although insider trading law has become increasingly complex, the prohibition against insider trading is simple: if you are in possession of "inside" information you must either publicly disclose the information or refrain from trading. The essence of the prohibition against insider trading is this principle of "disclose refrain."
2. WHAT CONSTITUTES INSIDE INFORMATION.
Since the disclose or refrain obligation applies only to "inside" information, it is important to recognize what constitutes "inside" information. Simply, it is information which is (i) material, (ii) non-public, and (iii) the use of which for trading purposes would create a breach of duty.
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which include but are not limited to the following. As law of insider trading develops other activities may fall within the scope of the law.
F. Lawful Use Of Public Information
Although insider trading is illegal, the federal securities laws permit a trader to make use of information that is publicly available. Also, the prohibition against insider trading does not punish sound market analysis and legitimate trading practices.
For example, it is legal to use your superior skills in analyzing public information to make profitable trades. It also is legal to trade on market rumors if the source of the information is unknown and you have no reason to believe that the source is an insider.
The law does not require that all traders in the market have equal access to all information. However, when a person breaches a duty by disclosing material non-public information, the law prohibits and severely punishes (civil and criminal remedies include disgorgement of profits, treble damages, fines and imprisonment) trading on that information.
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G. Conclusion
Insider trading is a serious matter and it is important to be able to recognize what constitutes impermissible trading. Again, if you have any doubt whether a particular practice is permissible consult with the Chief Compliance Officer as soon as possible and before you act.
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Portfolio Managers:
David
L. Cohen
Harold J. Levy
Investment Personnel:
Security Analysts:
Michele Drasher
Matt Greenberg
Robert Thomas Zankel
Vivien W. Liu
Traders:
Caroline B. Keenan
Courtney McKenna
Robert B. Shapiro
Management Committee:
David
L. Cohen
Harold J. Levy
Jeffrey M. Elliott
Alice B. Hicks
Chief Compliance Officer:
Jeffrey M. Elliott
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CONSENT OF INDEPENDENT ACCOUNTANTS
We hereby consent to the incorporation by reference in this Registration Statement on Form N-1A of our report dated February 6, 2001, relating to the financial statements and financial highlights which appears in the December 31, 2000 Annual Report to Shareholders of Brandes International Equity Fund, Turner Core Growth Fund, Frontier Capital Appreciation Fund and Clifton Enhanced U.S. Equity Fund, which are also incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement. We also consent to the references to us under the headings "Financial Highlights" and "Financial Statements" in such Registration Statement.
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP
Portland,
Oregon
October 19, 2001