UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 8-K
CURRENT REPORT
Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934

Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): April 9, 2018
CALPINE20HORIZONTAL20BLACK20.JPG
CALPINE CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)


Delaware
1-12079
77-0212977
(State or other jurisdiction
of incorporation)
(Commission
File Number)
(IRS Employer
Identification No.)


717 Texas Avenue, Suite 1000, Houston, Texas 77002
(Addresses of principal executive offices and zip codes)

Registrant's telephone number, including area code: (713) 830-2000

Not applicable
(Former name or former address if changed since last report)


Check the appropriate box below if the Form 8-K filing is intended to simultaneously satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant under any of the following provisions ( see General Instruction A.2. below):
o
Written communications pursuant to Rule 425 under the Securities Act (17 CFR 230.425)
o
Soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14a-12)
o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.14d-2(b))
o
Pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act (17 CFR 240.13e-4(c))
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is an emerging growth company as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act of 1933 (§230.405 of this chapter) or Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (§240.12b-2 of this chapter).
Emerging growth company ¨

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨




TABLE OF CONTENTS


 
ITEM 5.03 – AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OR BYLAWS; CHANGE IN FISCAL YEAR
 
 
ITEM 5.07 – SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
 
 
ITEM 9.01 – FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS
 
 
 
 
 




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ITEM 5.03   — AMENDMENTS TO ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION OR BYLAWS; CHANGE IN FISCAL YEAR
On April 9, 2018, the sole shareholder of Calpine Corporation (the “Company” or “Calpine”), acting without a meeting, voted (a) to approve certain amendments to the Company’s certificate of incorporation (i) to reduce the number of shares of common stock of the Company authorized for issuance to 5,000 shares and (ii) to permit the sole shareholder of the Company to designate one or more persons to serve as a non-voting member of the Board of Directors (the “Non-Voting Director Amendment”) and (b) to approve certain conforming amendments to the Company’s bylaws in connection with the Non-Voting Director Amendment to clarify that certain actions require a vote of the majority of the directors entitled to vote serving on the Board of Directors.
The foregoing summary is qualified in its entirety by reference to the complete copy of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.1 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated by reference herein and to the complete copy of the amended and restated bylaws, a copy of which is attached as Exhibit 3.3 to this Current Report on Form 8-K and is incorporated by reference herein. Additionally, a copy of each of the amended and restated certificate of incorporation and of the amended and restated bylaws marked to show changes is also attached as Exhibit 3.2 and Exhibit 3.4, respectively (additions are underlined and deletions are struck through).
ITEM 5.07   — SUBMISSION OF MATTERS TO A VOTE OF SECURITY HOLDERS
The information disclosed above under Item 5.03 is incorporated herein by reference.
ITEM 9.01 — FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND EXHIBITS

(d)     Exhibits

Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
 
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Calpine Corporation
 
 
 
 
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Calpine Corporation (marked)
 
 
 
 
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calpine Corporation
 
 
 
 
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calpine Corporation (marked)

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SIGNATURES


Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned hereunto duly authorized.

CALPINE CORPORATION

 
 
 By:    
/s/ ZAMIR RAUF
 
 
 
 
Zamir Rauf
 
 
 
 
Executive Vice President and
 
 
 
 
Chief Financial Officer
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Date: April 13, 2018
 
 
 




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EXHIBIT INDEX


Exhibit No.
 
Description
 
 
 
 
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Calpine Corporation
 
 
 
 
Fourth Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Calpine Corporation (marked)
 
 
 
 
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calpine Corporation
 
 
 
 
Third Amended and Restated By-Laws of Calpine Corporation (marked)


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EXHIBIT 3.1

FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
CALPINE CORPORATION
(the “Corporation”)
FIRST :          The name of the Corporation is “Calpine Corporation”.
SECOND :      The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.
THIRD :      The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as it now exists or may hereafter be amended and supplemented (the “ DGCL ”).
FOURTH :      The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is 5,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”).
FIFTH :      The rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted or imposed upon the Common Stock are as follows:
1. Dividends . The holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to the payment of dividends when and as declared by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) out of funds legally available therefore and to receive other distributions from the Corporation, including distribution of contributed capital, when and as declared by the Board of Directors. Any dividends declared by the Board of Directors to the holders of the then outstanding Common Stock shall be paid to the holders thereof pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder as of the record date of such dividend.
2. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up . In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the funds and assets of the Corporation that may be legally distributed to the Corporation’s stockholders shall be distributed among the holders of the then outstanding Common Stock pro rata, in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder.
3. Voting . Each holder of Common Stock shall have full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of each other holder of Common Stock and shall be entitled to cast one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock held by such holder. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the bylaws of the Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”) (as in effect at the time in question) and applicable law, on all matters put to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation.

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4. Preemptive Rights . The holders of shares of the Corporation of any class, now or hereafter authorized, may have the preemptive right to subscribe for, purchase or receive any share of the Corporation of any class, now or hereafter authorized, or any options or warrants for such shares, or any rights to subscribe for or purchase such shares, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, which may at any time or from time to time be issued, sold or offered for sale by the Corporation as such right may be set forth in the Bylaws or a written agreement among the Corporation and any such holder.
SIXTH :      In furtherance and not in limitation of the power conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation subject to any limitations contained therein.
SEVENTH :      No director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for the breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is prohibited by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended.  Any amendment, modification or repeal of the foregoing sentence shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase the liability of any director of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to, such amendment, modification or repeal.
EIGHTH :      Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide. The stockholders of the Corporation may from time to time designate one or more persons to serve in the capacity of a non-voting member of the Board of Directors, such non-voting director having all rights of a director other than the right to vote on any matter before the Board of Directors.
NINTH :      The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provisions contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by the DGCL. All rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.
TENTH :      To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which the DGCL permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, by vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, subject only to limits created by the DGCL and applicable decisional law, with respect to actions for breach of duty to the Corporation, its stockholders, and others.



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EXHIBIT 3.2

THIRD FOURTH AMENDED AND RESTATED
CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
OF
CALPINE CORPORATION
(the “Corporation”)
FIRST :          The name of the Corporation is “Calpine Corporation”.
SECOND :      The address of the registered office of the Corporation in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, County of New Castle, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company.
THIRD :      The purpose of the Corporation is to engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, as it now exists or may hereafter be amended and supplemented (the “ DGCL ”).
FOURTH :      The total number of shares of stock which the Corporation shall have the authority to issue is 1,400,000,000 5,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share (the “ Common Stock ”).
FIFTH :      The rights, preferences, privileges and restrictions granted or imposed upon the Common Stock are as follows:
1. Dividends . The holders of the Common Stock shall be entitled to the payment of dividends when and as declared by the board of directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) out of funds legally available therefore and to receive other distributions from the Corporation, including distribution of contributed capital, when and as declared by the Board of Directors. Any dividends declared by the Board of Directors to the holders of the then outstanding Common Stock shall be paid to the holders thereof pro rata in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder as of the record date of such dividend.
2. Liquidation, Dissolution or Winding Up . In the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, whether voluntary or involuntary, the funds and assets of the Corporation that may be legally distributed to the Corporation’s stockholders shall be distributed among the holders of the then outstanding Common Stock pro rata, in accordance with the number of shares of Common Stock held by each such holder.
3. Voting . Each holder of Common Stock shall have full voting rights and powers equal to the voting rights and powers of each other holder of Common Stock and shall be entitled to cast one (1) vote for each share of Common Stock held by such holder. Each holder of Common Stock shall be entitled to notice of any stockholders’ meeting in accordance with the bylaws of the Corporation (the “ Bylaws ”) (as in effect at the time in question) and applicable law, on all matters put to a vote of the stockholders of the Corporation.

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4. Preemptive Rights . The holders of shares of the Corporation of any class, now or hereafter authorized, may have the preemptive right to subscribe for, purchase or receive any share of the Corporation of any class, now or hereafter authorized, or any options or warrants for such shares, or any rights to subscribe for or purchase such shares, or any securities convertible into or exchangeable for such shares, which may at any time or from time to time be issued, sold or offered for sale by the Corporation as such right may be set forth in the Bylaws or a written agreement among the Corporation and any such holder.
SIXTH :      In furtherance and not in limitation of the power conferred by statute, the Board of Directors is expressly authorized to make, alter or repeal the Bylaws of the Corporation subject to any limitations contained therein.
SEVENTH :      No director of the Corporation shall be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for the breach of fiduciary duty as a director, except to the extent such exemption from liability or limitation thereof is prohibited by the DGCL as it presently exists or may hereafter be amended.  Any amendment, modification or repeal of the foregoing sentence shall not adversely affect any right or protection of a director of the Corporation existing at the time of, or increase the liability of any director of the Corporation with respect to any acts or omissions of such director occurring prior to, such amendment, modification or repeal.
EIGHTH :      Election of directors need not be by written ballot unless the Bylaws of the Corporation shall so provide. The stockholders of the Corporation may from time to time designate one or more persons to serve in the capacity of a non-voting member of the Board of Directors, such non-voting director having all rights of a director other than the right to vote on any matter before the Board of Directors.
NINTH :      The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provisions contained in this Certificate of Incorporation, in the manner now or hereafter prescribed by the DGCL. All rights conferred upon stockholders herein are granted subject to this reservation.
TENTH :      To the fullest extent permitted by applicable law, the Corporation is authorized to provide indemnification of (and advancement of expenses to) agents of the Corporation (and any other persons to which the DGCL permits the Corporation to provide indemnification) through bylaw provisions, agreements with such agents or other persons, by vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, in excess of the indemnification and advancement otherwise permitted by Section 145 of the DGCL, subject only to limits created by the DGCL and applicable decisional law, with respect to actions for breach of duty to the Corporation, its stockholders, and others.



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EXHIBIT 3.3





THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
CALPINE CORPORATION
As effective on April 9, 2018
 
 
 
































THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
CALPINE CORPOATION
PREAMBLE
These by-laws (these “ By-Laws ”) are subject to, and governed by, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”) and the certificate of incorporation of Calpine Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), then in effect (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”). In the event of a direct conflict between the provisions of these By-Laws and the mandatory provisions of the DGCL or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, such provisions of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation, as the case may be, will be controlling.
I.

OFFICES
The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware and the address of the registered agent in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
II.

STOCKHOLDERS
Section 2.1. Place of Meetings . All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of any such designation by the Board of Directors, each such meeting shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation.
Section 2.2.     Annual Meeting . An annual meeting of stockholders shall be held for the purpose of electing directors and transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The date and time of the annual meeting shall be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.3.     Special Meetings .  Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the President and shall be called by the President or the Secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the directors entitled to vote, or at the request in writing of stockholders holding at least fifty percent (50%) of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation (the “ Common Stock ”) issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section 2.4.     Notice of Meetings . Written notice of each meeting of the stockholders stating the place, date and time of the meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days

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before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice of any special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Section 2.5.     Quorum . A majority of the Common Stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, the holders of which are present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these By-Laws. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum and the votes present may continue to transact business until adjournment. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, a majority of the Common Stock represented in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereat shall have power, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of such stock, to adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat.
Section 2.6.     Voting . When a quorum is present at any meeting of stockholders, any question brought before the meeting shall be decided by a majority of the votes cast by holders of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereon, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. At each meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder entitled to vote thereat may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three (3) years prior to said meeting, unless such instrument provides for a longer period. All proxies must be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation at the beginning of each meeting in order to be counted in any vote at the meeting. Each stockholder shall have one (1) vote for each share of stock having voting power, registered in his name on the books of the Corporation on the record date set by the Board of Directors as provided in Article V, Section 5.4 hereof.
Section 2.7.     Action without Meeting . Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the stockholders, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all stockholders having a right to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for notice of such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were duly delivered to the Corporation.
Section 2.8.     List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote . The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days

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prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.
Section 2.9.     Stock Ledger . The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 2.8 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
III.

DIRECTORS
Section 3.1.     General Powers . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon them, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 3.2.     Number and Election of Directors . The Board of Directors shall consist of at least one (1) and no more than fifteen (15) members. The exact number of directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, and the initial number of directors shall be three (3). Except as provided in Section 3.3 of this Article III, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at annual meetings of stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal; provided , however , that unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, or as otherwise may be agreed in a written agreement among the Corporation and the stockholders, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, from the Board of Directors at any meeting of stockholders by a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat. Any director may resign at any time by serving written notice of such resignation on the President or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the date said notice is received by the President or Secretary. Directors need not be stockholders.
Section 3.3.     Vacancies . Except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, or as otherwise may be agreed in a written agreement among the Company and the stockholders, vacancies on the Board of Directors by reason of death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office, or otherwise, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the directors entitled to vote then in office though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Each director so chosen shall hold office until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by law.
Section 3.4.     Place of Meetings . The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.
Section 3.5.     Regular Meetings . The Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting, to be known as the annual meeting, immediately following each annual meeting of the stockholders. Other

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regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.6.     Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by a majority of the directors entitled to vote then in office or the President.
Section 3.7.     Notice of Meetings . Notice of any regular or special meeting of directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the director(s) calling the meeting. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, date, hour and purpose(s) of the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone or (ii) by sending a telegram, facsimile or email, or delivering written notice by hand, to his last known business or home address, in each case, at least two (2) days in advance of either a regular meeting or a special meeting.
Section 3.8.     Quorum . Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the directors entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors entitled to vote present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 3.9.     Organization . The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if elected, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If a Chairman of the Board of Directors is not elected or, if elected, is not present, the President, or if the President is not present, a director chosen by a majority of the directors entitled to vote present, shall act as chairman at meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 3.10.     Committees .    The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the directors entitled to vote, designate one or more committees, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation (including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it), subject to such restrictions as may be contained in the Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.
Section 3.11.     Action without Meeting . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee entitled to vote, as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 3.12.     Attendance by Telephone . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee designated by

4


the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 3.13.     Compensation of Directors . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary corporations or any of its stockholders in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.
IV.

OFFICERS
Section 4.1.     Enumeration . The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and may include a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also elect one or more Vice Chairmen, one or more Senior or other Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers and such other officers and agents as it shall deem appropriate. Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws otherwise provide. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation and, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors or any Vice Chairmen of the Board of Directors, need not be directors of the Corporation.
Section 4.2.     Term of Office . The officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify in their stead. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors entitled to vote. If the office of any officer or officers becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy shall be filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.3.     Chairman of the Board of Directors . The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, when elected, shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, shall preside at meetings of stockholders and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as customarily appertain to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of a business corporation or as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. If there is no President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall in addition be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 4.4 of this Article IV.
Section 4.4.     President . Subject to the supervisory powers of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. In the absence

5


or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.5.     Vice President . At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.
Section 4.6.     Secretary . The Secretary shall keep a record of all proceedings of the stockholders of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors, and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice, if any, of all meetings of the stockholders and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or in the absence of the Secretary any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest such affixing of the seal. The Secretary shall also keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the Secretary by such stockholder, sign with the President, or Vice President, certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall be authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors, and have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation.
Section 4.7.     Assistant Secretary . The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary.
Section 4.8.     Treasurer . The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform

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such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President.
Section 4.9.     Assistant Treasurer . The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer.
Section 4.10.     Other Officers . The President or Board of Directors may appoint other officers and agents for any group, division or department into which this Corporation may be divided by the Board of Directors, with titles as the President or Board of Directors may from time to time deem appropriate. All such officers and agents shall have such tenure and exercise such authority as the President or Board of Directors may specify. All appointments made by the President hereunder and all the terms and conditions thereof must be reported to the Board of Directors.
Section 4.11.     Salaries . The salaries of the elected officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether his compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided in a duly authorized written agreement with the Corporation.
Section 4.12.     Voting Securities Held by the Corporation . Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incidental to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors, may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
V.

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
Section 5.1.     Form . Upon the written request by any holder of stock of the Corporation, such holder will be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares represented by the certificate owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,

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transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, the certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of its issue. This provision shall not be amended, and no such purported amendment to this provision shall be effective until all outstanding certificates have been surrendered for cancellation.
Section 5.2.     Transfer . Except as otherwise established by rules or regulations adopted by the Board of Directors, upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books.
Section 5.3.     Replacement . In case of the loss, destruction or theft of a certificate for any stock of the Corporation, a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation may be issued upon satisfactory proof of such loss, destruction or theft and upon such terms as the Board of Directors may prescribe. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, destroyed or stolen certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum and in such form and with such surety or sureties as it may direct, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it with respect to a certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen.
Section 5.4.     Record Date . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided , however , that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.
Section 5.5.     Beneficial Owners . The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law. The Corporation shall not be required to register any transfer of shares made in violation

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of any agreement among a stockholder or investor in the Corporation and the Corporation, or recognize as a holder of any such shares any transferee in such a violative transaction.
VI.
INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
Section 6.1.     Indemnity . (a) The Corporation shall indemnify, subject to the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section 6.1, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or testifies in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative in nature (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful, to the fullest extent permitted by law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended; provided that the termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful; provided , further , that, except with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
(b) The Corporation shall indemnify, subject to the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section 6.1, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or testifies in, any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; provided that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court shall deem proper.
(c) To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or a person serving in any other enterprise at the request of the Corporation, has been successful on the merits

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or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Corporation shall indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
(d) Any indemnification under subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who are entitled to vote and who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors, or (3) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.
(e) Expenses incurred by a director, officer, employee or agent in defending or testifying in a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall (in the case of a director or officer of the Corporation) and may (in the case of an employee or agent of the Corporation who is not a director or officer of the Corporation) be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation against such expenses as authorized in this Section 6.1.
(f) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 6.1 shall not limit the Corporation from providing any other indemnification or advancement of expenses permitted by law nor shall it be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding an office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
(g) The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Section 6.1 or otherwise.
(h) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 6.1 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
(i) For the purposes of this Section 6.1, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would

10


have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section 6.1 with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
(j) This Section 6.1 shall be construed to give the Corporation the broadest power permissible by the DGCL, as it now stands and as heretofore amended.
(k) Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
Section 6.2.     Subrogation . Any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation entitled to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance, in each case pursuant to this Article VI, and that is a director, officer, employee, partner or advisor of any direct or indirect investor in the Corporation or such investor’s affiliates (each such person, an “ Indemnitee ”), may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance provided by or on behalf of such investor and/or its affiliates (collectively, the “ Indemnitors ”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these By-Laws or otherwise: (i) the Corporation is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., the Corporation’s obligations to each Indemnitee are primary and any obligation of the Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by each Indemnitee are secondary), (ii) the Corporation will be required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by each Indemnitee and will be liable for the full amount of all liabilities, expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement to the extent legally permitted and as required by this Article VI, without regard to any rights each Indemnitee may have against the Indemnitors, and (iii) the Corporation irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases the Indemnitors from any and all claims against the Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in respect thereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these By-Laws or otherwise, no advancement or payment by the Indemnitors on behalf of an Indemnitee with respect to any claim for which such Indemnitee has sought indemnification or advancement of expenses from the Corporation will affect the foregoing and the Indemnitors will have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of such Indemnitee against the Corporation. The Indemnitors are express third party beneficiaries of the terms of this Article VI.
VII.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 7.1.     Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 7.2.     Corporate Seal . The Board of Directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no seal shall be required by virtue of this Section 7.2.

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Section 7.3.     Notices . Whenever written notice or consent is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, such notice or consent may be given by mail, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice or consent shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice or consent may also be given personally or by telegram, facsimile or email.
Section 7.4.     Waiver of Notice . Whenever any notice is required to be given under law or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.
Section 7.5.     Disbursements . All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
VIII.
AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors. The fact that the power to amend, alter, repeal or adopt the By-Laws has been conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation shall not divest or limit the stockholders of the same powers.
IX.

SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
These By-Laws and the provisions hereof are subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificates of designations filed thereunder), and in the event of any conflict between these By-Laws and the mandatory provisions of the DGCL or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, such provisions of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation, as the case may be, shall control.


* * * * * * * * *

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EXHIBIT 3.4





SECOND THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
CALPINE CORPORATION
As effective on March 8 April 9 , 2018
 
 
 
































SECOND THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
BY-LAWS
OF
CALPINE CORPOATION
PREAMBLE
These by-laws (these “ By-Laws ”) are subject to, and governed by, the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware (the “ DGCL ”) and the certificate of incorporation of Calpine Corporation, a Delaware corporation (the “ Corporation ”), then in effect (the “ Certificate of Incorporation ”). In the event of a direct conflict between the provisions of these By-Laws and the mandatory provisions of the DGCL or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, such provisions of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation, as the case may be, will be controlling.
I.

OFFICES
The registered office of the Corporation shall be in the City of Wilmington, County of New Castle, State of Delaware and the address of the registered agent in the State of Delaware is 251 Little Falls Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. The name of its registered agent at such address is Corporation Service Company. The Corporation may also have offices at such other places both within and without the State of Delaware as the board of directors of the Corporation (the “ Board of Directors ”) may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
II.

STOCKHOLDERS
Section 2.1. Place of Meetings . All meetings of the stockholders shall be held at such time and place, within or without the State of Delaware, as shall be designated by the Board of Directors. In the absence of any such designation by the Board of Directors, each such meeting shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation.
Section 2.2.     Annual Meeting . An annual meeting of stockholders shall be held for the purpose of electing directors and transacting such other business as may properly be brought before the meeting. The date and time of the annual meeting shall be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 2.3.     Special Meetings .  Special meetings of the stockholders, for any purpose or purposes, unless otherwise prescribed by statute or by the Certificate of Incorporation, may be called by the President and shall be called by the President or the Secretary at the request in writing of a majority of the Board of Directors directors entitled to vote , or at the request in writing of stockholders holding at least fifty percent (50%) of the common stock, par value $0.001 per share, of the Corporation (the “ Common Stock ”) issued and outstanding and entitled to vote. Business transacted at any special meeting of stockholders shall be limited to the purposes stated in the notice.
Section 2.4.     Notice of Meetings . Written notice of each meeting of the stockholders stating the place, date and time of the meeting shall be given not less than ten (10) nor more than sixty (60) days

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before the date of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting. The notice of any special meeting of stockholders shall state the purpose or purposes for which the meeting is called.
Section 2.5.     Quorum . A majority of the Common Stock issued and outstanding and entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders, the holders of which are present in person or represented by proxy, shall constitute a quorum at all meetings of the stockholders for the transaction of business, except as otherwise provided by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation, or by these By-Laws. A quorum, once established, shall not be broken by the withdrawal of enough votes to leave less than a quorum and the votes present may continue to transact business until adjournment. If, however, such quorum shall not be present or represented at any meeting of the stockholders, a majority of the Common Stock represented in person or by proxy at the meeting and entitled to vote thereat shall have power, by the affirmative vote of the holders of a majority of such stock, to adjourn the meeting to another time and/or place, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present or represented. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum shall be present or represented, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the original meeting. If the adjournment is for more than thirty (30) days, or if after the adjournment a new record date is fixed for the adjourned meeting, a notice of the adjourned meeting shall be given to each stockholder of record entitled to vote thereat.
Section 2.6.     Voting . When a quorum is present at any meeting of stockholders, any question brought before the meeting shall be decided by a majority of the votes cast by holders of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereon, unless the question is one upon which, by express provision of law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, a different vote is required, in which case such express provision shall govern and control the decision of such question. At each meeting of the stockholders, each stockholder entitled to vote thereat may vote in person or may authorize another person or persons to act for him by proxy appointed by an instrument in writing subscribed by such stockholder and bearing a date not more than three (3) years prior to said meeting, unless such instrument provides for a longer period. All proxies must be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation at the beginning of each meeting in order to be counted in any vote at the meeting. Each stockholder shall have one (1) vote for each share of stock having voting power, registered in his name on the books of the Corporation on the record date set by the Board of Directors as provided in Article V, Section 5.4 hereof.
Section 2.7.     Action without Meeting . Any action required to be taken at a meeting of the stockholders, or any other action which may be taken at a meeting of the stockholders, may be taken without a meeting if a consent in writing, setting forth the action so taken, shall be signed by stockholders having not less than the minimum number of votes that would be necessary to authorize or take such action at a meeting at which all stockholders having a right to vote thereon were present and voted. Prompt notice of the taking of the corporate action without a meeting by less than unanimous written consent shall be given to those stockholders who have not consented in writing and who, if the action had been taken at a meeting, would have been entitled to notice of the meeting if the record date for notice of such meeting had been the date that written consents signed by a sufficient number of holders to take the action were duly delivered to the Corporation.
Section 2.8.     List of Stockholders Entitled to Vote . The officer of the Corporation who has charge of the stock ledger of the Corporation shall prepare and make, at least ten (10) days before every meeting of stockholders, a complete list of the stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting, arranged in alphabetical order, and showing the address of each stockholder and the number of shares registered in the name of each stockholder. Such list shall be open to the examination of any stockholder, for any purpose germane to the meeting, during ordinary business hours, for a period of at least ten (10) days

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prior to the meeting, either at a place within the city where the meeting is to be held, which place shall be specified in the notice of the meeting, or, if not so specified, at the place where the meeting is to be held. The list shall also be produced and kept at the time and place of the meeting during the whole time thereof, and may be inspected by any stockholder of the Corporation who is present.
Section 2.9.     Stock Ledger . The stock ledger of the Corporation shall be the only evidence as to who are the stockholders entitled to examine the stock ledger, the list required by Section 2.8 of this Article II or the books of the Corporation, or to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of stockholders.
III.

DIRECTORS
Section 3.1.     General Powers . The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed and controlled by or under the direction of the Board of Directors. In addition to the powers and authorities by these By-Laws expressly conferred upon them, the Board of Directors may exercise all such powers of the Corporation and do all such lawful acts and things as are not by law, by the Certificate of Incorporation or by these By-Laws directed or required to be exercised or done by the stockholders.
Section 3.2.     Number and Election of Directors . The Board of Directors shall consist of at least one (1) and no more than fifteen (15) members. The exact number of directors shall be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors, and the initial number of directors shall be three (3). Except as provided in Section 3.3 of this Article III, directors shall be elected by a plurality of the votes cast at annual meetings of stockholders, and each director so elected shall hold office until the next annual meeting and until his successor is duly elected and qualified, or until his earlier resignation or removal; provided , however , that unless otherwise provided by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, or as otherwise may be agreed in a written agreement among the Corporation and the stockholders, any director or the entire Board of Directors may be removed, either with or without cause, from the Board of Directors at any meeting of stockholders by a majority of the stock represented and entitled to vote thereat. Any director may resign at any time by serving written notice of such resignation on the President or the Secretary, and such resignation shall be deemed to be effective as of the close of business on the date said notice is received by the President or Secretary. Directors need not be stockholders.
Section 3.3.     Vacancies . Except as provided in the Certificate of Incorporation, or as otherwise may be agreed in a written agreement among the Company and the stockholders, vacancies on the Board of Directors by reason of death, resignation, retirement, disqualification, removal from office, or otherwise, and newly created directorships resulting from any increase in the authorized number of directors may be filled by a majority vote of the directors entitled to vote then in office though less than a quorum, or by a sole remaining director. Each director so chosen shall hold office until his successor is duly elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal. If there are no directors in office, then an election of directors may be held in the manner provided by law.
Section 3.4.     Place of Meetings . The Board of Directors may hold meetings, both regular and special, either within or without the State of Delaware.
Section 3.5.     Regular Meetings . The Board of Directors shall hold a regular meeting, to be known as the annual meeting, immediately following each annual meeting of the stockholders. Other

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regular meetings of the Board of Directors shall be held at such time and at such place as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
Section 3.6.     Special Meetings . Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by a majority of the directors entitled to vote then in office or the President.
Section 3.7.     Notice of Meetings . Notice of any regular or special meeting of directors shall be given to each director by the Secretary or by the director(s) calling the meeting. The notices of all meetings shall state the place, date, hour and purpose(s) of the meeting. Notice shall be duly given to each director (i) by giving notice to such director in person or by telephone or (ii) by sending a telegram, facsimile or email, or delivering written notice by hand, to his last known business or home address, in each case, at least two (2) days in advance of either a regular meeting or a special meeting.
Section 3.8.     Quorum . Except as may be otherwise specifically provided by law, the Certificate of Incorporation, or these By-Laws, at all meetings of the Board of Directors, a majority of the entire Board of Directors directors entitled to vote shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business and the act of a majority of the directors entitled to vote present at any meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the Board of Directors. If a quorum shall not be present at any meeting of the Board of Directors, the directors present thereat may adjourn the meeting from time to time, without notice other than announcement at the meeting, until a quorum shall be present.
Section 3.9.     Organization . The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if elected, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Board of Directors. If a Chairman of the Board of Directors is not elected or, if elected, is not present, the President, or if the President is not present, a director chosen by a majority of the directors entitled to vote present, shall act as chairman at meetings of the Board of Directors.
Section 3.10.     Committees .    The Board of Directors may, by resolution passed by a majority of the Board of Directors directors entitled to vote , designate one or more committees, each such committee to consist of one or more of the directors of the Corporation. The Board of Directors may designate one or more directors as alternate members of any committee, who may replace any absent or disqualified member at any meeting of the committee. In the absence or disqualification of a member of a committee, the member or members thereof present at any meeting and not disqualified from voting, whether or not he or they constitute a quorum, may unanimously appoint another member of the Board of Directors to act at the meeting in the place of any such absent or disqualified member. Any such committee, to the extent provided in the resolution of the Board of Directors, shall have and may exercise all the powers and authority of the Board of Directors in the management of the business and affairs of the Corporation (including the power to authorize the seal of the Corporation to be affixed to all papers which may require it), subject to such restrictions as may be contained in the Certificate of Incorporation or the DGCL. Each committee shall keep regular minutes of its meetings and report the same to the Board of Directors when required.
Section 3.11.     Action without Meeting . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, any action required or permitted to be taken at any meeting of the Board of Directors or of any committee thereof may be taken without a meeting, if all members of the Board of Directors or committee entitled to vote , as the case may be, consent thereto in writing, and the writing or writings are filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors or committee.
Section 3.12.     Attendance by Telephone . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, members of the Board of Directors, or of any committee designated by

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the Board of Directors, may participate in a meeting of the Board of Directors, or any committee, by means of conference telephone or similar communications equipment by means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other, and such participation in a meeting shall constitute presence in person at the meeting.
Section 3.13.     Compensation of Directors . Unless otherwise restricted by the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the compensation of directors. The directors may be paid such compensation for their services and such reimbursement for expenses of attendance at meetings as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine. No such payment shall preclude any director from serving the Corporation or any of its parent or subsidiary corporations or any of its stockholders in any other capacity and receiving compensation for such service.
IV.

OFFICERS
Section 4.1.     Enumeration . The officers of the Corporation shall be chosen by the Board of Directors and may include a Chairman of the Board of Directors, a President, a Secretary and a Treasurer. The Board of Directors may also elect one or more Vice Chairmen, one or more Senior or other Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and Assistant Treasurers and such other officers and agents as it shall deem appropriate. Any number of offices may be held by the same person unless the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws otherwise provide. The officers of the Corporation need not be stockholders of the Corporation and, except in the case of the Chairman of the Board of Directors or any Vice Chairmen of the Board of Directors, need not be directors of the Corporation.
Section 4.2.     Term of Office . The officers of the Corporation shall hold office until their successors are chosen and qualify in their stead. Any officer elected or appointed by the Board of Directors may be removed at any time by the affirmative vote of a majority of the Board of Directors directors entitled to vote . If the office of any officer or officers becomes vacant for any reason, the vacancy shall be filled by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.3.     Chairman of the Board of Directors . The Chairman of the Board of Directors, if any, when elected, shall have general supervision, direction and control of the business and affairs of the Corporation, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, shall preside at meetings of stockholders and shall have such other functions, authority and duties as customarily appertain to the Chairman of the Board of Directors of a business corporation or as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors. During the absence or disability of the President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall exercise all the powers and discharge all the duties of the President. The Chairman of the Board of Directors shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors. If there is no President, the Chairman of the Board of Directors shall in addition be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall have the powers and duties prescribed in Section 4.4 of this Article IV.
Section 4.4.     President . Subject to the supervisory powers of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, if there be one, the President shall be the Chief Executive Officer of the Corporation and shall, subject to the control of the Board of Directors, have general supervision of the business of the Corporation and shall see that all orders and resolutions of the Board of Directors are carried into effect. In the absence

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or disability of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and, in the absence of the Chairman of the Board of Directors, or if there be none, at all meetings of the Board of Directors. The President shall also perform such other duties and may exercise such other powers as from time to time may be assigned to him by these By-Laws or by the Board of Directors.
Section 4.5.     Vice President . At the request of the President or in his absence or in the event of his inability or refusal to act (and if there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors), the Vice President or the Vice Presidents if there is more than one (in the order designated by the Board of Directors) shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Each Vice President shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as the Board of Directors from time to time may prescribe. If there be no Chairman of the Board of Directors and no Vice President, the Board of Directors shall designate the officer of the Corporation who, in the absence of the President or in the event of the inability or refusal of the President to act, shall perform the duties of the President, and when so acting, shall have all the powers of and be subject to all the restrictions upon the President.
Section 4.6.     Secretary . The Secretary shall keep a record of all proceedings of the stockholders of the Corporation and of the Board of Directors, and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required by the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice, if any, of all meetings of the stockholders and shall perform such other duties as may be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President. The Secretary shall have custody of the corporate seal of the Corporation and the Secretary, or in the absence of the Secretary any Assistant Secretary, shall have authority to affix the same to any instrument requiring it, and when so affixed it may be attested by the signature of the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary. The Board of Directors may give general authority to any other officer to affix the seal of the Corporation and to attest such affixing of the seal. The Secretary shall also keep a register of the post office address of each stockholder which shall be furnished to the Secretary by such stockholder, sign with the President, or Vice President, certificates for shares of the Corporation, the issuance of which shall be authorized by resolution of the Board of Directors, and have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation.
Section 4.7.     Assistant Secretary . The Assistant Secretary, or if there be more than one, the Assistant Secretaries in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall perform such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Secretary.
Section 4.8.     Treasurer . The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements in books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all moneys and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, taking proper vouchers for such disbursements, and shall render to the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President and the Board of Directors, at its regular meetings or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all transactions as Treasurer and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall perform

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such other duties as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors or the President.
Section 4.9.     Assistant Treasurer . The Assistant Treasurer, or if there shall be more than one, the Assistant Treasurers in the order determined by the Board of Directors (or if there be no such determination, then in the order of their election), shall, in the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer’s inability or refusal to act, perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall perform such other duties and have such other powers as may from time to time be prescribed by the Board of Directors, the Chairman of the Board of Directors, the President or the Treasurer.
Section 4.10.     Other Officers . The President or Board of Directors may appoint other officers and agents for any group, division or department into which this Corporation may be divided by the Board of Directors, with titles as the President or Board of Directors may from time to time deem appropriate. All such officers and agents shall have such tenure and exercise such authority as the President or Board of Directors may specify. All appointments made by the President hereunder and all the terms and conditions thereof must be reported to the Board of Directors.
Section 4.11.     Salaries . The salaries of the elected officers shall be fixed from time to time by the Board of Directors and no officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he is also a director of the Corporation. Except as the Board of Directors may otherwise determine, no officer who resigns or is removed shall have any right to any compensation as an officer for any period following his resignation or removal, or any right to damages on account of such removal, whether his compensation be by the month or by the year or otherwise, unless such compensation is expressly provided in a duly authorized written agreement with the Corporation.
Section 4.12.     Voting Securities Held by the Corporation . Unless otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, powers of attorney, proxies, waivers of notice of meeting, consents and other instruments relating to securities owned by the Corporation may be executed in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation by the President or any Vice President and any such officer may, in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation, take all such action as any such officer may deem advisable to vote in person or by proxy at any meeting of security holders of any corporation in which the Corporation may own securities and at any such meeting shall possess and may exercise any and all rights and powers incidental to the ownership of such securities and which, as the owner thereof, the Corporation might have exercised and possessed if present. The Board of Directors, may, by resolution, from time to time confer like powers upon any other person or persons.
V.

CERTIFICATES OF STOCK
Section 5.1.     Form . Upon the written request by any holder of stock of the Corporation, such holder will be entitled to have a certificate signed by, or in the name of the Corporation by, the Chairman or Vice Chairman of the Board of Directors, or the President or a Vice President, and by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary, or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer of the Corporation, certifying the number of shares represented by the certificate owned by such stockholder in the Corporation. Any or all of the signatures on the certificate may be a facsimile. In case any officer, transfer agent or registrar who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a certificate shall have ceased to be such officer,

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transfer agent or registrar before such certificate is issued, the certificate may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if such officer, transfer agent or registrar were such officer, transfer agent or registrar at the date of its issue. This provision shall not be amended, and no such purported amendment to this provision shall be effective until all outstanding certificates have been surrendered for cancellation.
Section 5.2.     Transfer . Except as otherwise established by rules or regulations adopted by the Board of Directors, upon surrender to the Corporation or the transfer agent of the Corporation of a certificate for shares duly endorsed or accompanied by proper evidence of succession, assignment or authority to transfer, it shall be the duty of the Corporation to issue a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation to the person entitled thereto, cancel the old certificate and record the transaction on its books.
Section 5.3.     Replacement . In case of the loss, destruction or theft of a certificate for any stock of the Corporation, a new certificate of stock or uncertificated shares in place of any certificate therefor issued by the Corporation may be issued upon satisfactory proof of such loss, destruction or theft and upon such terms as the Board of Directors may prescribe. When authorizing such issue of a new certificate, the Board of Directors may, in its discretion and as a condition precedent to the issuance thereof, require the owner of such lost, destroyed or stolen certificate, or his legal representative, to give the Corporation a bond, in such sum and in such form and with such surety or sureties as it may direct, to indemnify the Corporation against any claim that may be made against it with respect to a certificate alleged to have been lost, destroyed or stolen.
Section 5.4.     Record Date . In order that the Corporation may determine the stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at any meeting of stockholders or any adjournment thereof, or entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, or entitled to receive payment of any dividend or other distribution or allotment of any rights, or for the purpose of any other lawful action, the Board of Directors may fix, in advance, a record date, which shall not be more than sixty (60) days nor less than ten (10) days before the date of such meeting, nor more than sixty (60) days prior to any other action. A determination of stockholders of record entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall apply to any adjournment of the meeting; provided , however , that the Board of Directors may fix a new record date for the adjourned meeting.
If no record date is fixed, the record date for determining stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day before the day on which notice is given, or, if notice is waived, at the close of business on the day before the day on which the meeting is held. The record date for determining stockholders entitled to express consent to corporate action in writing without a meeting, when no prior action by the Board of Directors is necessary, shall be the day on which the first written consent is expressed. The record date for determining stockholders for any other purpose shall be at the close of business on the day on which the Board of Directors adopts the resolution relating to such purpose.
Section 5.5.     Beneficial Owners . The Corporation shall be entitled to recognize the exclusive right of a person registered on its books as the owner of shares to receive dividends, and to vote as such owner, and to hold liable for calls and assessments a person registered on its books as the owner of shares, and shall not be bound to recognize any equitable or other claim to or interest in such share or shares on the part of any other person, whether or not it shall have express or other notice thereof, except as otherwise provided by law. The Corporation shall not be required to register any transfer of shares made in violation

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of any agreement among a stockholder or investor in the Corporation and the Corporation, or recognize as a holder of any such shares any transferee in such a violative transaction.
VI.
INDEMNIFICATION AND ADVANCEMENT OF EXPENSES
Section 6.1.     Indemnity . (a) The Corporation shall indemnify, subject to the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section 6.1, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or testifies in, any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative in nature (other than an action by or in the right of the Corporation), by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees), judgments, fines and amounts paid in settlement actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with such action, suit or proceeding if such person acted in good faith and in a manner such person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had no reasonable cause to believe such person’s conduct was unlawful, to the fullest extent permitted by law as the same exists or may hereafter be amended; provided that the termination of any action, suit or proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation and, with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, had reasonable cause to believe that his conduct was unlawful; provided , further , that, except with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
(b) The Corporation shall indemnify, subject to the requirements of subsection (d) of this Section 6.1, any person who was or is a party or is threatened to be made a party to, or testifies in, any threatened, pending or completed action or suit by or in the right of the Corporation to procure a judgment in its favor by reason of the fact that such person is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, limited liability company, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise, against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection with the defense or settlement of such action or suit if he acted in good faith and in a manner he reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation; provided that no indemnification shall be made in respect of any claim, issue or matter as to which such person shall have been adjudged to be liable to the Corporation unless and only to the extent that the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or the court in which such action or suit was brought shall determine upon application that, despite the adjudication of liability but in view of all the circumstances of the case, such person is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnity for such expenses which the Court of Chancery of the State of Delaware or such other court shall deem proper.
(c) To the extent that a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or a person serving in any other enterprise at the request of the Corporation, has been successful on the merits

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or otherwise in defense of any action, suit or proceeding referred to in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1, or in defense of any claim, issue or matter therein, the Corporation shall indemnify such person against expenses (including attorneys’ fees) actually and reasonably incurred by such person in connection therewith.
(d) Any indemnification under subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1 (unless ordered by a court) shall be made by the Corporation only as authorized in the specific case upon a determination that indemnification of the director, officer, employee or agent is proper in the circumstances because he has met the applicable standard of conduct set forth in subsections (a) and (b) of this Section 6.1. Such determination shall be made (1) by the Board of Directors by a majority vote of a quorum consisting of directors who are entitled to vote and who were not parties to such action, suit or proceeding, or (2) if such a quorum is not obtainable, or, even if obtainable a quorum of disinterested directors, or (3) by independent legal counsel in a written opinion, or (4) by the stockholders.
(e) Expenses incurred by a director, officer, employee or agent in defending or testifying in a civil, criminal, administrative or investigative action, suit or proceeding shall (in the case of a director or officer of the Corporation) and may (in the case of an employee or agent of the Corporation who is not a director or officer of the Corporation) be paid by the Corporation in advance of the final disposition of such action, suit or proceeding upon receipt of an undertaking by or on behalf of such director, officer, employee or agent to repay such amount if it shall ultimately be determined that such person is not entitled to be indemnified by the Corporation against such expenses as authorized in this Section 6.1.
(f) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 6.1 shall not limit the Corporation from providing any other indemnification or advancement of expenses permitted by law nor shall it be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which any person may be entitled under any by-law, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise, both as to action in such person’s official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding an office, and shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such person.
(g) The Corporation shall have the power to purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation, or who is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, employee benefit plan, trust or other enterprise against any liability asserted against such person and incurred by such person in any such capacity, or arising out of such person’s status as such, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such liability under the provisions of this Section 6.1 or otherwise.
(h) The indemnification and advancement of expenses provided by, or granted pursuant to, this Section 6.1 shall, unless otherwise provided when authorized or ratified, continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
(i) For the purposes of this Section 6.1, references to “the Corporation” shall include, in addition to the resulting corporation, any constituent corporation (including any constituent of a constituent) absorbed in a consolidation or merger which, if its separate existence had continued, would

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have had power and authority to indemnify its directors, officers, employees or agents, so that any person who is or was a director, officer, employee or agent of such constituent corporation, or is or was serving at the request of such constituent corporation as a director, officer, employee or agent of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, shall stand in the same position under the provisions of this Section 6.1 with respect to the resulting or surviving corporation as such person would have with respect to such constituent corporation if its separate existence had continued.
(j) This Section 6.1 shall be construed to give the Corporation the broadest power permissible by the DGCL, as it now stands and as heretofore amended.
(k) Any repeal or modification of the foregoing provisions of this Section 6.1 shall not adversely affect any right or protection hereunder of any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation in respect of any act or omission occurring prior to the time of such repeal or modification.
Section 6.2.     Subrogation . Any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation entitled to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance, in each case pursuant to this Article VI, and that is a director, officer, employee, partner or advisor of any direct or indirect investor in the Corporation or such investor’s affiliates (each such person, an “ Indemnitee ”), may have certain rights to indemnification, advancement of expenses and/or insurance provided by or on behalf of such investor and/or its affiliates (collectively, the “ Indemnitors ”). Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these By-Laws or otherwise: (i) the Corporation is the indemnitor of first resort (i.e., the Corporation’s obligations to each Indemnitee are primary and any obligation of the Indemnitors to advance expenses or to provide indemnification for the same expenses or liabilities incurred by each Indemnitee are secondary), (ii) the Corporation will be required to advance the full amount of expenses incurred by each Indemnitee and will be liable for the full amount of all liabilities, expenses, judgments, penalties, fines and amounts paid in settlement to the extent legally permitted and as required by this Article VI, without regard to any rights each Indemnitee may have against the Indemnitors, and (iii) the Corporation irrevocably waives, relinquishes and releases the Indemnitors from any and all claims against the Indemnitors for contribution, subrogation or any other recovery of any kind in respect thereof. Notwithstanding anything to the contrary in these By-Laws or otherwise, no advancement or payment by the Indemnitors on behalf of an Indemnitee with respect to any claim for which such Indemnitee has sought indemnification or advancement of expenses from the Corporation will affect the foregoing and the Indemnitors will have a right of contribution and/or be subrogated to the extent of such advancement or payment to all of the rights of recovery of such Indemnitee against the Corporation. The Indemnitors are express third party beneficiaries of the terms of this Article VI.
VII.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
Section 7.1.     Fiscal Year . The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be fixed by resolution of the Board of Directors.
Section 7.2.     Corporate Seal . The Board of Directors may provide a corporate seal which shall be in such form as may be approved from time to time by the Board of Directors. The seal may be used by causing it or a facsimile thereof to be impressed or affixed or reproduced or otherwise. Notwithstanding the foregoing, no seal shall be required by virtue of this Section 7.2.

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Section 7.3.     Notices . Whenever written notice or consent is required by law, the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, to be given to any director, member of a committee or stockholder, such notice or consent may be given by mail, addressed to such director, member of a committee or stockholder, at his address as it appears on the records of the Corporation, with postage thereon prepaid, and such notice or consent shall be deemed to be given at the time when the same shall be deposited in the United States mail. Written notice or consent may also be given personally or by telegram, facsimile or email.
Section 7.4.     Waiver of Notice . Whenever any notice is required to be given under law or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation or these By-Laws, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to said notice, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to notice.
Section 7.5.     Disbursements . All checks or demands for money and notes of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers or such other person or persons as the Board of Directors may from time to time designate.
VIII.
AMENDMENTS
These By-Laws may be altered, amended or repealed or new By-Laws may be adopted by the Board of Directors. The fact that the power to amend, alter, repeal or adopt the By-Laws has been conferred upon the Board of Directors by the Certificate of Incorporation shall not divest or limit the stockholders of the same powers.
IX.

SUBJECT TO CERTIFICATE OF INCORPORATION
These By-Laws and the provisions hereof are subject to the terms and conditions of the Certificate of Incorporation (including any certificates of designations filed thereunder), and in the event of any conflict between these By-Laws and the mandatory provisions of the DGCL or the provisions of the Certificate of Incorporation, such provisions of the DGCL or the Certificate of Incorporation, as the case may be, shall control.


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