AS FILED WITH THE SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION ON SEPTEMBER 1, 2009
Registration No. 333-______

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM S-3
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933

MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
(Exact name of registrant as specified in charter)

Maryland
(State or other jurisdiction of
incorporation or organization)
 
22-1897375
(I.R.S. Employer
Identification No.)

Juniper Business Plaza, Suite 3-C, 3499 Route 9 North,
Freehold, New Jersey 07728
732-577-9996
(Address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of registrant’s principal executive offices)

Anna T. Chew
Juniper Business Plaza, Suite 3-C, 3499 Route 9 North,
Freehold, New Jersey 07728
732-577-9996
(Name, address, including zip code, and telephone number, including area code, of agent for service)

Copies to:
Gary D. Gilson
Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP
4801 Main Street, Suite 1000
Kansas City, Missouri 64112

Approximate date of commencement of proposed sale to the public:
From time to time after the Registration Statement becomes effective

If the only securities being registered on this Form are being offered pursuant to dividend or interest reinvestment plans, please check the following box.
If any of the securities being registered on this Form are to be offered on a delayed or continuous basis pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, other than securities offered only in connection with dividend or interest reinvestment plans, check the following box.    x
If this Form is filed to register additional securities for an offering pursuant to Rule 462(b) under the Securities Act, please check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering. o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment filed pursuant to Rule 462(c) under the Securities Act, check the following box and list the Securities Act registration statement number of the earlier effective registration statement for the same offering.  o
     If this Form is a registration statement pursuant to General Instruction I.D. or a post-effective amendment thereto that shall become effective upon filing with the Commission pursuant to Rule 462(e) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o
If this Form is a post-effective amendment to a registration statement filed pursuant to General Instruction I.D. filed to register additional securities or additional classes of securities pursuant to Rule 413(b) under the Securities Act, check the following box.  o
 
 

 
 
 

 
 
 
 Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated      filer or a smaller reporting company.   
Large accelerated filer _____       Accelerated filer __ X ___     
Non-accelerated filer ______                        Smaller reporting company _______

———————————
Calculation of Registration Fee
Title of each class of securities to be registered
 
Proposed Maximum Aggregate Offering Price(1)
   
Amount of Registration Fee
(2)(3)
 
                              Common Stock(3)                             Preferred Stock(4)
  $   15,000,000     $  1,605(5)  
Common Stock(3)
Preferred Stock(4)
Debt Securities(6)
  $   100,000,000     $   5,580(7)  
 
   
(1)
The proposed maximum aggregate offering price per class of security will be determined from time to time by the registrant in connection with the issuance by the registrant of the securities registered hereunder and is not specified as to each class of security pursuant to General Instruction II.D. of Form S-3 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “Securities Act”).
(2)
Calculated pursuant to Rule 457(o) of the Securities Act. Pursuant to Rule 457(o) under the Securities Act and General Instruction II.D to Form S-3, the table does not specify by each class information as to the amount to be registered, proposed maximum offering price per unit or proposed maximum aggregate offering price.
(3)
Subject to note 8 below, an indeterminable number of shares of common stock of the registrant, as may be sold from time to time, are being registered hereunder by the registrant. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.  The securities being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of common stock as may be issuable upon conversion or exchange of any preferred stock or debt securities issued under this registration statement.  Pursuant to Rule 457(i) of the Securities Act, no registration fee is required.
(4)
Subject to note 8 below, an indeterminable number of shares of preferred stock of the registrant, as may be sold from time to time, are being registered hereunder by the registrant. Pursuant to Rule 416 under the Securities Act, the shares being registered hereunder include such indeterminate number of shares of preferred stock as may be issuable with respect to the shares being registered hereunder as a result of stock splits, stock dividends or similar transactions.
(5)
This Registration Statement includes common stock and preferred stock with an aggregate offering price of $15,000,000 that remain unsold and were previously covered by Registration Statement No. 333-136896 initially filed by the registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 25, 2006.  Accordingly, pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6) of the Securities Act, the $1,605.00 previously paid in connection with such unsold common and preferred stock will continue to be applied to such unsold common and preferred stock covered by this Registration Statement.
(6)
Subject to note 8 below, an indeterminable amount and type of debt securities of the registrant, as may be sold from time to time, are being registered hereunder by the registrant.
(7)
Paid herewith.
(8)
In no event will the aggregate offering price of all securities issued from time to time pursuant to this registration statement exceed $115,000,000.

     Pursuant to Rule 415(a)(6), the offering of the common stock and preferred stock covered by this Registration Statement that were previously covered by Registration Statement No. 333-136896 will be deemed terminated as of the date of effectiveness of this Registration Statement or 180 days after the third anniversary of the initial effective date of the prior Registration Statement, whichever occurs first.

The Registrant hereby amends this Registration Statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the Registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that this Registration Statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with Section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until this Registration Statement shall become effective on such date as the Commission, acting pursuant to said Section 8(a), may determine.

 
 

 
The information in this prospectus is not complete and may be changed. We may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and it is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any state where the offer or sale is not permitted.

Subject to Completion
Preliminary Prospectus dated September 1, 2009

 
PRELIMINARY PROSPECTUS

$115,000,000

 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION

 
Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities

 
We may use this prospectus to offer and sell our common stock, preferred stock or debt securities from time to time.  The aggregate public offering prices of the common stock, preferred stock and debt securities covered by this prospectus, which we refer to collectively as the securities, will not exceed $115,000,000.  The securities may be offered, separately or together, in separate classes or series, in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time of the offering and set forth in one or more supplements to this prospectus.   Our common stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MNRTA.”  Our 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock is listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MNRTP.”
 
We will provide the specific terms and conditions of these securities in supplements to this prospectus in connection with each offering. Such specific terms may include limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for U.S. federal income tax purposes.  See “Description of Capital Stock—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”  Please read this prospectus and the applicable prospectus supplement carefully before you invest.
 
We may offer the securities directly, through agents designated by us from time to time, or to or through underwriters or dealers.  If any agents, underwriters or dealers are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement between or among them will be set forth or will be calculable from the information set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.  See “Plan of Distribution.”
 
An investment in our securities involves a high degree of risk. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus for a discussion of risk factors that you should consider in connection with an investment in our securities.
 
Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or passed upon the adequacy or accuracy of this prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
 
The date of this prospectus is September 1, 2009.
 
 






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ABOU T THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement that we filed with the SEC using a “shelf” registration process. Under this process, we may from time to time sell in one or more offerings any of the securities described in this prospectus, or any combination thereof, up to a total amount of $100,000,000.  In addition, we may sell up to an additional  $15,000,000 in Common or Preferred Stock.  In this prospectus, we refer collectively to our common stock and preferred stock as our “capital stock,” and collectively to our senior and subordinated debt as our “debt securities.”
 
You should read this prospectus and any applicable prospectus supplement together with the additional information described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus. The prospectus supplement may add, update or change the information contained in this prospectus. The registration statement that contains this prospectus and the exhibits to that registration statement contain additional important information about us and the securities offered under this prospectus. Specifically, we have filed certain legal documents that control the terms of the securities as exhibits to the registration statement. We may file certain other legal documents that control the terms of the securities as exhibits to reports we file with the SEC. That registration statement and the other reports can be read at the SEC’s website or at the SEC offices mentioned under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information,” or can be obtained by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation
Attention:  Stockholder Relations
3499 Route 9 N, Suite 3-C
Juniper Business Plaza
Freehold, NJ 07728
(732) 577-9996

 
MON MOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION

Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation is a Maryland corporation operating as a qualified REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Internal Revenue Code (the “Code”). Currently, we seek to invest in well-located, modern buildings leased to investment grade tenants on long-term leases and derive our income primarily from the rental of these facilities. At June 30, 2009, we owned approximately 6,070,000 square feet of property, of which approximately 2,810,000 square feet, or 46%, was leased to Federal Express Corporation and its subsidiaries and approximately 279,000 square feet, or 5%, was leased to Keebler Company, a subsidiary of the Kellogg Company. During fiscal 2008, 2007 and 2006 rental and reimbursement revenue from properties leased to these two companies approximated 61%, 55% and 55%, respectively, of our total rental and reimbursement revenue.
 
At June 30, 2009, we owned fifty-seven industrial properties and one shopping center. These properties are located in Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Minnesota, Mississippi, Missouri, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia and Wisconsin. All properties are managed by a management company. All properties are leased on a net basis except the property located in Monaca, Pennsylvania and the shopping center in Somerset, New Jersey.
 
We anticipate acquiring additional properties in the second half of 2009. The funds for these acquisitions are expected to come from our available line of credit, mortgages, other bank borrowings, proceeds from the Dividend Reinvestment and Stock Purchase Plan (“DRIP”) and private or public placements of additional common or preferred stock. To the extent that funds or appropriate properties are not available, few or no acquisitions may be made. Because of the contingent nature of contracts to purchase real property, we will announce acquisitions only upon closing.

We compete with other investors in real estate for attractive investment opportunities. These investors include other “equity” real estate investment trusts, limited partnerships, syndications and private investors, among others.  Competition in the market areas in which we operate is significant and affects our ability to acquire or expand properties, occupancy levels, rental rates and operating expenses of certain properties.  Management has
 
 
 
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built relationships with merchant builders that have historically provided us with investment opportunities that fit our investment policy.
 
We have a flexible investment policy concentrating our investments in the area of long-term net-leased industrial properties to investment grade tenants. Our strategy is to obtain a favorable yield spread between the yield from the net-leased industrial properties and interest costs. We anticipate that we will continue to purchase net-leased, well-located industrial properties, because our management believes these investments offer a potential for long-term capital appreciation. There is the risk that, on expiration of current leases, the properties can become vacant or re-leased at lower rents. The results we obtain by re-leasing the properties will depend on the market for industrial properties at that time.
 
We also continue to invest in both debt and equity securities of other REITs. We from time to time may purchase these securities on margin when the interest and dividend yields exceed the cost of the funds. This securities portfolio, to the extent not pledged to secure borrowing, provides us with liquidity and additional income.  Such securities are subject to risk arising from adverse changes in market rates and prices, primarily interest rate risk relating to debt securities and equity price risk relating to equity securities.  From time to time, we may use derivative instruments to mitigate interest rate risk.
 
Prior to July 31, 2007, we operated as part of a group of three public companies (all REITs) which included UMH Properties, Inc. (“UMH”) and Monmouth Capital Corporation (“Monmouth Capital” and together with UMH, the “affiliated companies”). Monmouth Capital was merged into us on July 31, 2007. We continue to operate in conjunction with UMH. UMH has focused its investing in manufactured home communities. General and administrative expenses are allocated between the two remaining affiliated companies based on use or services provided. We currently have nine employees. Allocations of salaries and benefits are made between the affiliated companies based on the amount of the employees’ time dedicated to each affiliated company.

Our executive offices are located at Juniper Business Plaza, Suite 3-C, 3499 Route 9 North, Freehold, New Jersey 07728, and our telephone number is (732) 577-9996. Our website is located at www.mreic.com. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus.
 
RISK FACTORS

Set forth below are the risks that we believe are important to investors in our securities. Before you decide to purchase our securities, you should consider carefully the risks described below, together with the information provided in the other parts of this prospectus and any related prospectus supplement.
 
Real Estate Industry Risks
 
We face risks associated with local real estate conditions in areas where we own properties. We may be affected adversely by general economic conditions and local real estate conditions. For example, an oversupply of industrial properties in a local area or a decline in the attractiveness of our properties to tenants and potential tenants would have a negative effect on us.
 
Other factors that may affect general economic conditions or local real estate conditions include:
 
 
·
population and demographic trends;
 
 
·
employment and personal income trends;
 
 
·
zoning, use and other regulatory restrictions;
 
 
·
income tax laws;
 
 
·
changes in interest rates and availability and costs of financing;
 
 
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·
competition from other available real estate;
 
 
·
our ability to provide adequate maintenance and insurance; and
 
 
·
increased operating costs, including insurance premiums, utilities and real estate taxes, which may not be offset by increased rents.
 
We may be unable to compete with our larger competitors and other alternatives available to tenants or potential tenants of our properties .  The real estate business is highly competitive. We compete for properties with other real estate investors and purchasers, including other real estate investment trusts, limited partnerships, syndications and private investors, many of whom have greater financial resources, revenues and geographical diversity than we have. Furthermore, we compete for tenants with other property owners. All of our industrial properties are subject to significant local competition. We also compete with a wide variety of institutions and other investors for capital funds necessary to support our investment activities and asset growth.  To the extent that we are unable to effectively compete in the marketplace, our business may be adversely affected.
 
We are subject to significant regulation that inhibits our activities and may increase our costs .   Local zoning and use laws, environmental statutes and other governmental requirements may restrict expansion, rehabilitation and reconstruction activities. These regulations may prevent us from taking advantage of economic opportunities. Legislation such as the Americans with Disabilities Act may require us to modify our properties at a substantial cost and noncompliance could result in the imposition of fines or an award of damages to private litigants. Future legislation may impose additional requirements. We cannot predict what requirements may be enacted or amended or what costs we will incur to comply with such requirements.
 
Our investments are concentrated in the industrial distribution sector and our business would be adversely affected by an economic downturn in that sector .   Our investments in real estate assets are primarily concentrated in the industrial distribution sector. This concentration may expose us to the risk of economic downturns in this sector to a greater extent than if our business activities included a more significant portion of other sectors of the real estate industry.
 
Risks Associated with Our Properties

We may be unable to renew leases or relet space as leases expire .   While we seek to invest in well-located, modern buildings leased to investment grade tenants on long term leases, a number of our properties are subject to short term leases. When a lease expires, a tenant may elect not to renew it. We may not be able to relet the property on similar terms, if we are able to relet the property at all. The terms of renewal or re-lease (including the cost of required renovations and/or concessions to tenants) may be less favorable to us than the prior lease. If we are unable to relet all or a substantial portion of our properties, or if the rental rates upon such reletting are significantly lower than expected rates, our cash generated before debt repayments and capital expenditures and our ability to make expected distributions, may be adversely affected. We have established an annual budget for renovation and reletting expenses that we believe is reasonable in light of each property’s operating history and local market characteristics. This budget, however, may not be sufficient to cover these expenses.
 
Our business is substantially dependent on Federal Express Corporation .   Federal Express Corporation is our largest tenant. As of June 30, 2009, Federal Express Corporation leased approximately 46% of the total square footage that we own.  Annualized rental income and occupancy charges from Federal Express Corporation and its subsidiaries are estimated at approximately 57% of total rental and reimbursement revenue for fiscal 2009.  If Federal Express Corporation terminated its leases with us or was unable to make lease payments because of a downturn in its business or otherwise, our financial condition and ability to make expected distributions will be materially and adversely affected.

We have been and may continue to be affected negatively by tenant financial difficulties and leasing delays .   At any time, a tenant may experience a downturn in its business that may weaken its financial condition. Similarly, a general decline in the economy may result in a decline in the demand for space at our industrial properties. As a result, our tenants may delay lease commencement, fail to make rental payments when due, or
 
 
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declare bankruptcy. Any such event could result in the termination of that tenant’s lease and losses to us, resulting in a decrease of distributions to investors. We receive a substantial portion of our income as rents under long-term leases. If tenants are unable to comply with the terms of their leases because of rising costs or falling revenues, we, in our sole discretion, may deem it advisable to modify lease terms to allow tenants to pay a lower rental rate or a smaller share of operating costs, taxes and insurance. If a tenant becomes insolvent or bankrupt, we cannot be sure that we could recover the premises from the tenant promptly or from a trustee or debtor-in-possession in any bankruptcy proceeding relating to the tenant. We also cannot be sure that we would receive rent in the proceeding sufficient to cover our expenses with respect to the premises. If a tenant becomes bankrupt, the federal bankruptcy code will apply and, in some instances, may restrict the amount and recoverability of our claims against the tenant. A tenant’s default on its obligations to us for any reason could adversely affect our financial condition and the cash we have available for distribution.
 
We may be unable to sell properties when appropriate because real estate investments are illiquid .   Real estate investments generally cannot be sold quickly and, therefore, will tend to limit our ability to vary our property portfolio promptly in response to changes in economic or other conditions. In addition, the Code limits our ability to sell our properties. The inability to respond promptly to changes in the performance of our property portfolio could adversely affect our financial condition and ability to service debt and make distributions to our stockholders.
 
Environmental liabilities could affect our profitability .   We face possible environmental liabilities. Environmental laws today can impose liability on a previous owner or operator of a property that owned or operated the property at a time when hazardous or toxic substances were disposed on, or released from, the property. A conveyance of the property, therefore, does not relieve the owner or operator from liability. As a current or former owner and operator of real estate, we may be required by law to investigate and clean up hazardous substances released at or from the properties we currently own or operate or have in the past owned or operated. We may also be liable to the government or to third parties for property damage, investigation costs and cleanup costs. In addition, some environmental laws create a lien on the contaminated site in favor of the government for damages and costs the government incurs in connection with the contamination. Contamination may adversely affect our ability to sell or lease real estate or to borrow using the real estate as collateral. We are not aware of any environmental liabilities relating to our investment properties which would have a material adverse effect on our business, assets, or results of operations. However, we cannot assure you that environmental liabilities will not arise in the future and that such liabilities will not have a material adverse effect on our business, assets or results of operation.
 
Actions by our competitors may decrease or prevent increases in the occupancy and rental rates of our properties .   We compete with other owners and operators of real estate, some of which own properties similar to ours in the same submarkets in which our properties are located. If our competitors offer space at rental rates below current market rates or below the rental rates we currently charge our tenants, we may lose potential tenants, and we may be pressured to reduce our rental rates below those we currently charge in order to retain tenants when our tenants’ leases expire. As a result, our financial condition, cash flow, cash available for distribution, market price of our preferred and common stock and ability to satisfy our debt service obligations could be materially adversely affected.
 
Coverage under our existing insurance policies may be inadequate to cover losses .   We generally maintain insurance policies related to our business, including casualty, general liability and other policies, covering our business operations, employees and assets. However, we would be required to bear all losses that are not adequately covered by insurance. In addition, there are certain losses that are not generally insured because it is not economically feasible to insure against them, including losses due to riots or acts of war. If an uninsured loss or a loss in excess of insured limits occurs with respect to one or more of our properties, then we could lose the capital we invested in the properties, as well as the anticipated future revenue from the properties and, in the case of debt, which is with recourse to us, we would remain obligated for any mortgage debt or other financial obligations related to the properties. Although we believe that our insurance programs are adequate, we cannot assure you that we will not incur losses in excess of our insurance coverage, or that we will be able to obtain insurance in the future at acceptable levels and reasonable costs.
 
 
 
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We face risks associated with property acquisitions.   We acquire individual properties and portfolios of properties, and intend to continue to do so. Our acquisition activities and their success are subject to the following risks:
 
 
·
when we are able to locate a desired property, competition from other real estate investors may significantly increase the purchase price;
 
 
·
acquired properties may fail to perform as expected;
 
 
·
the actual costs of repositioning or redeveloping acquired properties may be higher than our estimates;
 
 
·
acquired properties may be located in new markets where we face risks associated with an incomplete knowledge or understanding of the local market, a limited number of established business relationships in the area and a relative unfamiliarity with local governmental and permitting procedures;
 
 
·
we may be unable to quickly and efficiently integrate new acquisitions, particularly acquisition of portfolios of properties, into our existing operations, and as a result, our results of operations and financial condition could be adversely affected; and
 
 
·
we may acquire properties subject to liabilities and without any recourse, or with only limited recourse. As a result, if a claim were asserted against us based upon ownership of those properties, we might have to pay substantial sums to resolve it, which could adversely affect our cash flow.
 
Financing Risks

We face risks generally associated with our debt .   We finance a portion of our investments in properties and marketable securities through debt. We are subject to the risks normally associated with debt financing, including the risk that our cash flow will be insufficient to meet required payments of principal and interest.  In addition, debt creates risks, including:
 
 
·
rising interest rates on our floating rate debt;
 
 
·
failure to repay or refinance existing debt as it matures, which may result in forced disposition of assets on disadvantageous terms;
 
 
·
refinancing terms less favorable than the terms of existing debt; and
 
 
·
failure to meet required payments of principal and/or interest.
 
We mortgage our properties, which subjects us to the risk of foreclosure in the event of non-payment.   We mortgage many of our properties to secure payment of indebtedness and if we are unable to meet mortgage payments, then the property could be foreclosed upon or transferred to the mortgagee with a consequent loss of income and asset value. A foreclosure of one or more of our properties could adversely affect our financial condition, results of operations, cash flow, ability to service debt and make distributions and the market price of our preferred and common stock.
 
We face risks related to “balloon payments.”   Certain of our mortgages will have significant outstanding principal balances on their maturity dates, commonly known as “balloon payments.” There can be no assurance that we will be able to refinance the debt on favorable terms or at all.  To the extent we cannot refinance debt on favorable terms or at all, we may be forced to dispose of properties on disadvantageous terms or pay higher interest rates, either of which would have an adverse impact on our financial performance and ability to service debt and make distributions.
 
 
 
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We face risks associated with our dependence on external sources of capital .   In order to qualify as a REIT, we are required each year to distribute to our stockholders at least 90% of our REIT taxable income, and we are subject to tax on our income to the extent it is not distributed. Because of this distribution requirement, we may not be able to fund all future capital needs from cash retained from operations. As a result, to fund capital needs, we rely on third-party sources of capital, which we may not be able to obtain on favorable terms, if at all. Our access to third-party sources of capital depends upon a number of factors, including (i) general market conditions; (ii) the market’s perception of our growth potential; (iii) our current and potential future earnings and cash distributions; and (iv) the market price of our capital stock. Additional debt financing may substantially increase our debt-to-total capitalization ratio. Additional equity issuance may dilute the holdings of our current stockholders.
 
We may become more highly leveraged .   Our governing documents do not limit the amount of indebtedness we may incur. Accordingly, our board of directors may vote to incur additional debt and would do so, for example, if it were necessary to maintain our status as a REIT. We might become more highly leveraged as a result, and our financial condition and cash available for service of debt and distributions might be negatively affected and the risk of default on our indebtedness could increase.
 
Covenants in our credit agreements could limit our flexibility and adversely affect our financial condition .   The terms of our various credit agreements and other indebtedness require us to comply with a number of customary financial and other covenants, such as maintaining debt service coverage and leverage ratios and maintaining insurance coverage. These covenants may limit our flexibility in our operations, and breaches of these covenants could result in defaults under the instruments governing the applicable indebtedness even if we had satisfied our payment obligations. If we were to default under credit agreements, our financial condition would be adversely affected.
 
Other Risks

Current economic conditions, including recent volatility in the capital and credit markets, could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.   The United States has experienced an economic recession with the capital and credit markets experiencing extreme volatility and disruption. The current economic environment has been affected by dramatic declines in the stock and housing markets, increases in foreclosures, unemployment and living costs as well as limited access to credit. This deteriorating economic situation has impacted and is expected to continue to impact consumer spending levels. A sustained economic downward trend could impact our tenants’ ability to meet their lease obligations due to poor operating results, lack of liquidity, bankruptcy or other reasons. Our ability to lease space and negotiate rents at advantageous rates could also be affected in this type of economic environment. Additionally, if current levels of market volatility continue to worsen, access to capital and credit markets could be disrupted over a more extended period, which may make it difficult to obtain the financing we may need for future growth and/or to meet our debt service obligations as they mature. Any of these events could harm our business, results of operations and financial condition.
 
We may not be able to access adequate cash to fund our business.  Our business requires access to adequate cash to finance our operations, distributions, capital expenditures, debt service obligations, development and redevelopment costs and property acquisition costs, if any. We expect to generate the cash to be used for these purposes primarily with operating cash flow, borrowings under secured term loans, proceeds from sales of strategically identified assets and, when market conditions permit, through the issuance of debt and equity securities from time to time. We may not be able to generate sufficient cash to fund our business, particularly if we are unable to renew leases, lease vacant space or re-lease space as leases expire according to expectations.

Moreover, difficult conditions in the financial markets, and the economy generally, have caused many lenders to suffer substantial losses, thereby causing many financial institutions to seek additional capital, to merge with other institutions and, in some cases, to fail. As a result, the real estate debt markets are experiencing a period of uncertainty, which may reduce our access to funding alternatives, or our ability to refinance debt on favorable terms, or at all. In addition, market conditions, such as the current global economic environment, may also hinder our ability to sell strategically identified assets and access the debt and equity capital markets. If these conditions persist, we may need to find alternative ways to access cash to fund our business, including distributions to stockholders.  Such alternatives may include, without limitation, curtailing development or redevelopment activity, disposing of one or more of our properties possibly on disadvantageous terms or entering into or renewing leases on
 
 
 
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less favorable terms than we otherwise would, all of which could adversely affect our profitability. If we are unable to generate, borrow or raise adequate cash to fund our business through traditional or alternative means, our business, operations, financial condition and distributions to stockholders will be adversely affected.

We are dependent on key personnel.   Our executive and other senior officers have a significant role in our success. Our ability to retain our management group or to attract suitable replacements should any members of the management group leave is dependent on the competitive nature of the employment market. The loss of services from key members of the management group or a limitation in their availability could adversely affect our financial condition and cash flow. Further, such a loss could be negatively perceived in the capital markets.

We may amend our business policies without your approval .   Our board of directors determines our growth, investment, financing, capitalization, borrowing, REIT status, operations and distributions policies. Although our board of directors has no present intention to amend or reverse any of these policies, they may be amended or revised without notice to stockholders. Accordingly, stockholders may not have control over changes in our policies. We cannot assure you that changes in our policies will serve fully the interests of all stockholders.
 
The market value of our preferred and common stock could decrease based on our performance and market perception and conditions .    The market value of our preferred and common stock may be based primarily upon the market’s perception of our growth potential and current and future cash dividends, and may be secondarily based upon the real estate market value of our underlying assets. The market price of our preferred and common stock is influenced by their respective distributions relative to market interest rates. Rising interest rates may lead potential buyers of our stock to expect a higher distribution rate, which would adversely affect the market price of our  stock. In addition, rising interest rates would result in increased expense, thereby adversely affecting cash flow and our ability to service our indebtedness and pay distributions.
 
There are restrictions on the transfer of our capital stock . To maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, no more than 50% in value of our outstanding capital stock may be owned, actually or by attribution, by five or fewer individuals, as defined in the Code to also include certain entities, during the last half of a taxable year. Accordingly, our charter and bylaws contain provisions restricting the transfer of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock - Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
 
Our earnings are dependent, in part, upon the performance of our investment portfolio .   As permitted by the Code, we invest in and own securities of other real estate investment trusts. To the extent that the value of those investments declines or those investments do not provide a return, our earnings and cash flow could be adversely affected.
 
We are subject to restrictions that may impede our ability to effect a change in control . Certain provisions contained in our charter and bylaws and certain provisions of Maryland law may have the effect of discouraging a third party from making an acquisition proposal for us and thereby inhibit a change in control. These provisions include the following:
 
·
Our charter provides for three classes of directors with the term of office of one class expiring each year, commonly referred to as a "staggered board." By preventing common stockholders from voting on the election of more than one class of directors at any annual meeting of stockholders, this provision may have the effect of keeping the current members of our board of directors in control for a longer period of time than stockholders may desire.
 
·
Our charter generally limits any holder from acquiring more than 9.8% (in value or in number, whichever is more restrictive) of our outstanding equity stock (defined as all of our classes of capital stock, except our excess stock). While this provision is intended to assure our ability to remain a qualified REIT for Federal income tax purposes, the ownership limit may also limit the opportunity for stockholders to receive a premium for their shares of common stock that might otherwise exist if an investor was attempting to assemble a block of shares in excess of 9.8% of the outstanding shares of equity stock or otherwise effect a change in control.
 
 
 
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·
The request of the holders of a majority or more of our common stock is necessary for stockholders to call a special meeting. We also require advance notice by common stockholders for the nomination of directors or proposals of business to be considered at a meeting of stockholders.
 
Our Board of Directors may authorize and issue securities without stockholder approval . Under our Charter, the board has the power to classify and reclassify any of our unissued shares of capital stock into shares of capital stock with such preferences, rights, powers and restrictions as the board of directors may determine. The authorization and issuance of a new class of capital stock could have the effect of delaying or preventing someone from taking control of us, even if a change in control were in our stockholders’ best interests.
 
Maryland business statutes may limit the ability of a third party to acquire control of us .   Maryland law provides protection for Maryland corporations against unsolicited takeovers by limiting, among other things, the duties of the directors in unsolicited takeover situations. The duties of directors of Maryland corporations do not require them to (a) accept, recommend or respond to any proposal by a person seeking to acquire control of the corporation, (b) authorize the corporation to redeem any rights under, or modify or render inapplicable, any stockholders rights plan, (c) make a determination under the Maryland Business Combination Act or the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act, or (d) act or fail to act solely because of the effect of the act or failure to act may have on an acquisition or potential acquisition of control of the corporation or the amount or type of consideration that may be offered or paid to the stockholders in an acquisition. Moreover, under Maryland law the act of a director of a Maryland corporation relating to or affecting an acquisition or potential acquisition of control is not subject to any higher duty or greater scrutiny than is applied to any other act of a director. Maryland law also contains a statutory presumption that an act of a director of a Maryland corporation satisfies the applicable standards of conduct for directors under Maryland law.
 
The Maryland Business Combination Act provides that unless exempted, a Maryland corporation may not engage in business combinations, including mergers, dispositions of 10 percent or more of its assets, certain issuances of shares of stock and other specified transactions, with an “interested stockholder” or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder became an interested stockholder, and thereafter unless specified criteria are met. An interested stockholder is generally a person owning or controlling, directly or indirectly, 10 percent or more of the voting power of the outstanding stock of the Maryland corporation. In our charter, we have expressly elected that the Maryland Business Combination Act not govern or apply to any transaction with UMH, a Maryland corporation.
 
We cannot assure you that we will be able to pay dividends regularly.   Our ability to pay dividends in the future is dependent on our ability to operate profitably and to generate cash from our operations and the operations of our subsidiaries. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to pay dividends on a regular quarterly basis in the future.
 
If our leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would fail to qualify as a REIT.   To qualify as a REIT, we must, among other things, satisfy two gross income tests, under which specified percentages of our gross income must be passive income, such as rent. For the rent paid pursuant to our leases, to qualify for purposes of the gross income tests, the leases must be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes and not be treated as service contracts, joint ventures or some other type of arrangement. We believe that our leases will be respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes. However, there can be no assurance that the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) will agree with this view. If the leases are not respected as true leases for federal income tax purposes, we would not be able to satisfy either of the two gross income tests applicable to REITs, and we would most likely lose our REIT status.
 
Failure to make required distributions would subject us to additional tax.   In order to qualify as a REIT, we must, among other requirements, distribute, each year, to our stockholders at least 90 percent of our taxable income, excluding net capital gains. To the extent that we satisfy the 90 percent distribution requirement, but distribute less than 100 percent of our taxable income, we will be subject to federal corporate income tax on our undistributed income. In addition, we will incur a 4 percent nondeductible excise tax on the amount, if any, by which our distributions (or deemed distributions) in any year are less than the sum of:
 
 
 
·        85 percent of our ordinary income for that year;
 
 
·        95 percent of our capital gain net earnings for that year; and
 
 
·        100 percent of our undistributed taxable income from prior years.
 

To the extent we pay out in excess of 100 percent of our taxable income for any tax year, we may be able to carry forward such excess to subsequent years to reduce our required distributions in such years. We intend to pay out our income to our stockholders in a manner intended to satisfy the distribution requirement. Differences in timing between the recognition of income and the related cash receipts or the effect of required debt amortization payments could require us to borrow money or sell assets to pay out enough of our taxable income to satisfy the distribution requirement and to avoid corporate income tax.
 
We may not have sufficient cash available from operations to pay distributions, and, therefore, distributions may be made from borrowings.   The actual amount and timing of distributions will be determined by our board of directors in its discretion and typically will depend on the amount of cash available for distribution, which will depend on items such as current and projected cash requirements and tax considerations. As a result, we may not have sufficient cash available from operations to pay distributions as required to maintain our status as a REIT. Therefore, we may need to borrow funds to make sufficient cash distributions in order to maintain our status as a REIT, which may cause us to incur additional interest expense as a result of an increase in borrowed funds for the purpose of paying distributions.
 
We may be required to pay a penalty tax upon the sale of a property. The federal income tax provisions applicable to REITs provide that any gain realized by a REIT on the sale of property held as inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business is treated as income from a “prohibited transaction” that is subject to a 100 percent penalty tax. Under current law, unless a sale of real property qualifies for a safe harbor, the question of whether the sale of real estate or other property constitutes the sale of property held primarily for sale to customers is generally a question of the facts and circumstances regarding a particular transaction. We intend that we and our subsidiaries will hold the interests in the real estate for investment with a view to long-term appreciation, engage in the business of acquiring and owning real estate, and make occasional sales as are consistent with our investment objectives. We do not intend to engage in prohibited transactions. We cannot assure you, however, that we will only make sales that satisfy the requirements of the safe harbors or that the IRS will not successfully assert that one or more of such sales are prohibited transactions.
 
We may fail to qualify as a REIT .   If we fail to qualify as a REIT, we will not be allowed to deduct distributions to stockholders in computing our taxable income and will be subject to Federal income tax, including any applicable alternative minimum tax, at regular corporate rates. In addition, we might be barred from qualification as a REIT for the four years following disqualification. The additional tax incurred at regular corporate rates would reduce significantly the cash flow available for distribution to stockholders and for debt service.
 
Furthermore, we would no longer be required to make any distributions to our stockholders as a condition to REIT qualification. Any distributions to stockholders would be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, although such dividend distributions would be subject to a top federal tax rate of 15% through 2010. Corporate distributees, however, may be eligible for the dividends received deduction on the distributions, subject to limitations under the Code.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we must comply with certain highly technical and complex requirements .   We cannot be certain we have complied, and will always be able to comply, with the requirements to qualify as a REIT because there are few judicial and administrative interpretations of these provisions.  In addition, facts and circumstances that may be beyond our control may affect our ability to continue to qualify as a REIT. We cannot assure you that new legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations or court decisions will not change the tax laws significantly with respect to our qualification as a REIT or with respect to the Federal income tax consequences of qualification. We believe that we have qualified as a REIT since our inception and intend to continue to qualify as a REIT. However, we cannot assure you that we are qualified or will remain qualified.
 
 
 
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There is a risk of changes in the tax law applicable to real estate investment trusts .   Because the Internal Revenue Service, the United States Treasury Department and Congress frequently review federal income tax legislation, we cannot predict whether, when or to what extent new federal tax laws, regulations, interpretations or rulings will be adopted. Any of such legislative action may prospectively or retroactively modify our tax treatment and, therefore, may adversely affect taxation of us and/or our investors.
 
We may be unable to comply with the strict income distribution requirements applicable to REITs .   To maintain qualification as a REIT under the Code, a REIT must annually distribute to its stockholders at least 90% of its REIT taxable income, excluding the dividends paid deduction and net capital gains. This requirement limits our ability to accumulate capital. We may not have sufficient cash or other liquid assets to meet the distribution requirements. Difficulties in meeting the distribution requirements might arise due to competing demands for our funds or to timing differences between tax reporting and cash receipts and disbursements, because income may have to be reported before cash is received, because expenses may have to be paid before a deduction is allowed, because deductions may be disallowed or limited or  because the Internal Revenue Service may make a determination that adjusts reported income. In those situations, we might be required to borrow funds or sell properties on adverse terms in order to meet the distribution requirements and interest and penalties could apply which could adversely affect our financial condition. If we fail to make a required distribution, we would cease to be taxed as a REIT.
 
Notwithstanding our status as a REIT, we are subject to various federal, state and local taxes on our income and property .   For example, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains, provided; however, that properly designated undistributed capital gains will effectively avoid taxation at the stockholder level. We may be subject to other Federal income taxes as more fully described in “Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences-Taxation of Us as a REIT.” We may also have to pay some state income or franchise taxes because not all states treat REITs in the same manner as they are treated for Federal income tax purposes.
 
DISCL OSURE REGARDING FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

From time to time, we may make forward-looking statements (within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21F of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) in documents filed under the Securities Act, the Exchange Act, press releases or other public statements with respect to our financial condition, results of operations and business. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates,” “could,” “may,” and similar expressions, and the negatives of such words and expressions as they relate to us or our management are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are not guarantees of future performance. Potential investors should not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements as they involve numerous risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results stated or implied in the forward-looking statements. If we make forward-looking statements, we assume no obligation to update forward-looking statements. In evaluating the securities offered by this prospectus, you should carefully consider the discussion of risks and uncertainties in the section entitled “Risk Factors” beginning on page 2 of this prospectus and those in the documents we incorporate by reference that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results contemplated by the forward-looking statements.
 
USE OF PROCEEDS
 

Unless otherwise described in the applicable prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds of any sale of securities for working capital and general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, the development and acquisition of additional properties in the ordinary course of our business.
 
RAT IO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES AND COMBINED FIXED CHARGES
AND PREFERRED STOCK DIVIDENDS

The following table sets forth our consolidated ratio of earnings to fixed charges and combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends for the nine months ended June 30, 2009, and for each of the last five fiscal years.
 
 
 
 
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Nine Months Ended
June 30,
 
Year Ended September 30,
 
2009
2008
2007
2006
2005
2004
 
 
 
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
 
 
 
0.97
 
 
 
1.28
 
 
 
1.62
 
 
 
1.60
 
 
 
1.94
 
 
 
1.87
             
Ratio of Earnings to
Combined Fixed
Charges and Preferred
Stock Dividends
 
 
 
0.83
 
 
 
1.08
 
 
 
1.34
 
 
 
1.60
 
 
 
1.94
 
 
 
1.87

For the purpose of computing these ratios, earnings have been calculated by adding pre-tax income from continuing operations before adjustment for income or loss from equity investees; fixed charges; amortization of capitalized interest; distributed income of equity investees; and the Company’s share of pre-tax losses of equity investees for which charges arising from guarantees are included in fixed charges; and subtracting from the total of those items capitalized interest; preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries; and the noncontrolling interest in pre-tax income of subsidiaries that have not incurred fixed charges. Fixed charges consist of the sum of interest costs, whether expensed or capitalized, the estimated interest component of rental expenses, amortized premiums, discounts and capitalized expenses related to indebtedness, and preference security dividend requirements of consolidated subsidiaries. Preferred stock dividends are the amount of pre-tax earnings that are required to pay the dividends on outstanding preferred securities.
 
For the nine months ended June 30, 2009, the dollar amount of the deficiency is $ 290,487 for the ratio of earnings to fixed charges and is $ 2,181,398 for the ratio of earnings to combined fixed charges and preferred stock dividends.
 
DESCRIP TION OF CAPITAL STOCK

 
The following description is only a summary of certain terms and provisions of our capital stock. You should refer to our charter and bylaws for a complete description.
 
General .  Our authorized capital stock consists of 41,322,500 shares, classified as 35,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of excess stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 1,322,500 shares of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share, $25 liquidation value per share, (“Series A Preferred Stock”).  The excess stock is designed to protect our status as a REIT under the Code. See “—Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
 
As of August 3, 2009, 25,332,551 and 25,327,551 shares of common stock were issued and outstanding, respectively and no shares of excess stock were issued and outstanding. Our outstanding shares of common stock are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MNRTA.” As of August 3, 2009, 1,322,500 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock were issued and outstanding. Our outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock are currently listed on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the symbol “MNRTP.”  We intend to apply to the Nasdaq Global Select Market to list any additional shares of preferred or common stock offered pursuant to any prospectus supplement, and we anticipate that such shares will be so listed.
 
Under Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) and our charter, a majority of our entire board of directors has the power, without action by the stockholders, to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have the authority to issue.  Our board of directors is also authorized under the MGCL and our charter to classify and reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock and preferred stock into other classes or series of stock. Before issuance of shares of each class or series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set, subject to restrictions in our charter on transfer of our stock, the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to
 
 
 
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dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption for each class or series.  Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of stock with terms and conditions that could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.
 
 
Our management believes that the power to issue additional shares of stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of stock and thereafter to issue the classified or reclassified shares provides us with increased flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. These actions can be taken without stockholders approval, unless stockholders approval is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which shares of our stock may be listed or traded. Although we have no present intention of doing so, we could issue a class or series of stock that could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change in control that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest.

Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer .  To qualify as a REIT under the Code, we must satisfy a number of statutory requirements, including a requirement that no more than 50% in value of our outstanding shares of stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined by the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year. In addition, if we, or an actual or constructive owner of 10% or more of us, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of a tenant of ours (or a tenant of any partnership in which we are a partner), the rent we receive (either directly or through any such partnership) from such tenant will not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests of the Code. Our capital stock must also be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of twelve months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year.
 
 
Our charter prohibits any transfer of shares of our stock or any other change in our capital structure that would result in:
 
 
 
any person directly or indirectly acquiring beneficial ownership of more than 9.8% of the outstanding shares of our stock (other than shares of excess stock);
 
 
 
outstanding shares of our stock (other than shares of excess stock) being constructively or beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons;
 
 
 
us being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856 of the Code; or
 
 
 
us otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT under the Code.
 
Our charter requires that any person who acquires or attempts to acquire shares of our stock (other than shares of excess stock), in violation of these restrictions, which we refer to as the ownership limits, give at least 15 days’ prior written notice to us. If any person attempts to transfer shares of our stock, or attempts to cause any other event to occur, that would result in a violation of the ownership limits, then:
 
 
 
any proposed transfer will be void ab initio , the purported transferee of such shares will acquire no interest in the shares and the shares that were subject to the attempted transfer or other event will, effective as of the close of business on the business day before the date of the attempted transfer or other event, automatically, without action by us or any other person, be converted into and exchanged for an equal number of shares of excess stock;
 
 
 
we may redeem any shares of excess stock and, before the attempted transfer or other event that results in a conversion into and exchange for shares of excess stock, any shares of our stock of any other class or series that are attempted to be owned or transferred in violation of the ownership limits, at a price equal to the lesser of the price per share paid in the attempted transfer or other event that violated the ownership limits and the last reported sales price of shares of such class of our stock on the NASDAQ Global Select Market on the day we give notice of redemption or, if shares of such class of our stock are not then traded on the
 
 
 
 
 
 
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                           NASDAQ Global Select Market the market price of such shares determined in accordance with our charter; and
 
 
 
 
 
 
our board of directors may take any action it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to, or to prevent, any such attempted transfer or other event.

Shares of excess stock will be held in book entry form in the name of a trustee appointed by us to hold the excess shares for the benefit of one or more charitable beneficiaries appointed by us and a beneficiary designated by the purported transferee, which we refer to as the designated beneficiary, whose ownership of the shares of our stock that were converted into and exchanged for excess stock does not violate the ownership limits. The purported transferee may not receive consideration in exchange for designating the designated beneficiary in an amount that exceeds the price per share that the purported transferee paid for the shares of our stock converted into and exchanged for shares of excess stock or, if the purported transferee did not give value for such shares, the market price of the shares on the date of the purported transfer or other event resulting in the conversion and exchange. Any excess amounts received by the purported transferee as consideration for designating the designated beneficiary must be paid to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. Upon the written designation of a designated beneficiary and the waiver by us of our right to redeem the shares of excess stock, the trustee will transfer the shares of excess stock to the designated beneficiary and, upon such transfer, the shares of excess stock will automatically be converted into and exchanged for the number and class of shares of our stock as were converted into and exchanged for such shares of excess stock. Shares of excess stock are not otherwise transferable. If the purported transferee attempts to transfer shares of our stock before discovering that the shares have been converted into and exchanged for shares of excess stock, the shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and any amount received by the purported transferee in excess of what the purported transferee would have been entitled to receive as consideration for designating a designated beneficiary will be paid to the trustee on demand.
 
Holders of shares of excess stock are not entitled to vote on any matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of our stockholders. Upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the company, the trustee must distribute to the designated beneficiary any amounts received as a distribution on the shares of excess stock that do not exceed the price per share paid by the purported transferee in the transaction that created the violation or, if the purported transferee did not give value for such shares, the market price of the shares of our stock that were converted into and exchanged for shares of excess stock, on the date of the purported transfer or other event that resulted in such conversion and exchange. Any amount received upon the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the company not payable to the designated beneficiary, and any other dividends or distributions paid on shares of excess stock, will be distributed by the trustee to the charitable beneficiary.

Every holder of more than 5% of the number or value of outstanding shares of our stock must give written notice to us stating the name and address of such owner, the number of shares of stock beneficially or constructively owned and a description of the manner in which the shares are owned. Our board of directors may, in its sole and absolute discretion, exempt certain persons from the ownership limitations contained in our charter if ownership of shares of capital stock by such persons would not disqualify us as a REIT under the Code.

Descrip tion of Common Stock

Relationship of Common Stock and Preferred Stock .  The rights of  holders of common stock will be subject to, and may be adversely affected by, the rights of holders of outstanding preferred stock and preferred stock that may be issued in the future. Our board of directors may cause preferred stock to be issued to obtain additional capital, in connection with acquisitions, to our officers, directors and employees pursuant to benefit plans or otherwise and for other corporate purposes.  Both our preferred stock and our common stock are subject to certain ownership restrictions designed to help us maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, which are described under “Description of Capital Stock - Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
 
Preferences, Sinking Fund Provisions and Preemptive Rights . The shares of common stock will, when issued, be fully-paid and non-assessable and will have no preferences, conversion, sinking fund, redemption rights
 
 
 
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(except with respect to shares of excess stock, described above) or preemptive rights to subscribe for any of our securities.
 
Voting Rights .  Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares of common stock, our common stockholders will have one vote per share on all matters submitted to a vote of the common stockholders, including the election of directors. Except as provided with respect to any other class or series of capital stock, the holders of common stock will possess the exclusive voting power.
 
There is no cumulative voting in the election of directors, which means that the holders of a plurality of the outstanding shares of common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares of common stock, if any, will not be able to elect any directors, except as otherwise provided for in any other class or series of our capital stock, including any preferred stock.
 
Distributions .  Subject to any preferential rights granted to any class or series of our capital stock, including any preferred stock, and to the provisions of our charter regarding restrictions on transfer and ownership of shares of common stock, holders of our common stock will be entitled to receive dividends or other distributions if, as and when declared, by our board of directors out of funds legally available for dividends or other distributions to stockholders. Subject to the provisions in our charter regarding restrictions on ownership and transfer, all shares of our common stock have equal distribution rights.  In the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up, after payment of any preferential amounts to any class of preferred stock which may be outstanding and after payment of, or adequate provision for, all of our known debts and liabilities, holders of common stock and excess stock will be entitled to share ratably in all assets that we may legally distribute to our stockholders.
 
Stockholder Liability .  Under Maryland law, holders of our common stock will not be liable for our obligations solely as a result of their status as a stockholder.
 
Transfer Agent .  The registrar and transfer agent for shares of our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company.
 
Description of Preferred Stock

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplement, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the preferred stock that we may offer under this prospectus.  While the terms we have summarized below will apply generally to any future preferred stock we may offer, we will describe the particular terms of any preferred stock that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement.  The terms of any preferred stock we offer under that prospectus may differ from the terms we describe below.
 
General .  Shares of preferred stock may be issued from time to time, in one or more series, as authorized by our board of directors. Before issuance of shares of each series, the board of directors is required to fix for each such series, subject to the provisions of MGCL and our charter, the powers, designations, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights of such series and qualifications, limitations or restrictions thereof, including such provisions as may be desired concerning voting, redemption, dividends, dissolution or the distribution of assets, conversion or exchange, and such other matters as may be fixed by resolution of the board of directors or a duly authorized committee thereof.   The preferred stock could have voting or conversion rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of holders of our common stock. Also, the issuance of preferred stock could decrease the amount of earnings and assets available for distribution to holders of our common stock.  The board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of discouraging a takeover or other transaction which holders of some, or a majority of, shares of common stock might believe to be in their best interests, or in which holders of some, or a majority of, shares of common stock might receive a premium for their shares of common stock over the then market price of such shares.
 
The shares of preferred stock will, when issued, be fully-paid and non-assessable and will have no preemptive rights.   Under Maryland law, holders of our preferred stock generally are not responsible for our debts or obligations.  Both our preferred stock and our common stock are subject to certain ownership restrictions
 
 
 
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designed to help us maintain our qualification as a REIT under the Code, which are described under “Description of Capital Stock - Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.”
 
The prospectus supplement relating to any shares of preferred stock offered thereby will contain the specific terms, including:
 
 
·
the title and stated value of such shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the number of such shares of preferred stock offered, the liquidation preference per share and the offering price of such shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the dividend rate(s), period(s) and/or payment date(s) or method(s) of calculation thereof applicable to such shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the date from which dividends on such shares of preferred stock will accumulate, if applicable;
 
 
·
the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any, for such shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the provision for a sinking fund, if any, for the shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the provisions for redemption, if applicable, of the shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
whether or not any restrictions on the repurchase or redemption of shares exists while there is any arrearage in the payment of dividends or sinking fund installments;
 
 
·
any listing of the shares of preferred stock on any securities exchange;
 
 
·
the terms and conditions, if applicable, upon which the shares of preferred stock will be convertible into shares of our common stock, including the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof);
 
 
·
a discussion of Federal income tax considerations applicable to such shares of preferred stock;
 
 
·
the relative ranking and preferences of such shares of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;
 
 
·
any limitations on issuance of any series of shares of preferred stock ranking senior to or on a parity with such series of shares of preferred stock as to dividend rights and rights upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our affairs;
 
 
·
any limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer of such shares of preferred stock, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a REIT; and
 
 
·
the voting rights, if any, of such shares of preferred stock; and
 
 
·
any other specific terms, preferences, rights, limitations or restrictions of such shares of preferred stock.
 
The registrar and transfer agent for shares of preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
Rank.   Unless otherwise specified in the applicable prospectus supplement, the preferred stock ranks, with respect to dividend rights and rights upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, and allocation of our earnings and losses:  (i) senior to all classes or series of our common stock, and to all equity securities ranking junior to the
 
 
 
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preferred stock; (ii) on a parity with all equity securities issued by us the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the preferred stock; and (iii) junior to all equity securities issued by us the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the preferred stock.
 
Distributions.   Subject to any preferential rights of any outstanding securities or series of securities, the holders of preferred stock will be entitled to receive dividends, when and as authorized by our board of directors, out of legally available funds, and share pro rata the amount to be distributed to such class or series of preferred stock based on the number of shares of preferred stock of the same class or series outstanding.  Distributions will be made at such rates and on such dates as will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement
 
Voting Rights. Unless otherwise indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of our preferred stock will not have any voting rights.
 
Liquidation Preference.   Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, and before any distribution or payment shall be made to the holders of any common stock or any other class or series of stock ranking junior to our preferred stock, the holders of our preferred stock shall be entitled to receive, after payment or provision for payment of our debts and other liabilities, out of our assets legally available for distribution to stockholders, liquidating distributions in the amount of the liquidation preference per share, if any, set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, plus an amount equal to all dividends accrued and unpaid thereon (which shall not include any accumulation in respect of unpaid noncumulative dividends for prior dividend periods).  After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of preferred stock will have no right or claim to any of our remaining assets.  In the event that, upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, the legally available assets are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all of our outstanding preferred stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all of our other outstanding equity securities ranking on a parity with the preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, then the holders of our preferred stock and the holders of such other outstanding equity securities shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.
 
If liquidating distributions are made in full to all holders of our preferred stock, our remaining assets shall be distributed among the holders of any other classes or series of equity securities ranking junior to the preferred stock in the distribution of assets upon our liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs, according to their respective rights and preferences and in each case according to their respective number of shares of stock.
 
If we consolidate or merge with or into, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of our property or business to, any corporation, trust or other entity, such transaction shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of our affairs.
 
Conversion Rights.   The terms and conditions, if any, upon which our preferred stock is convertible into common stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.  Such terms will include the number of shares of common stock into which the preferred stock is convertible, the conversion price (or manner of calculation thereof), the conversion period, provisions as to whether conversion will be at the option of the holders of the preferred stock or at our option, the events requiring an adjustment of the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion in the event of the redemption of such preferred stock.
 
Redemption.   If so provided in the applicable prospectus supplement, our preferred stock will be subject to mandatory redemption or redemption at our option, in whole or in part, in each case upon the terms, at the times and at the redemption prices set forth in such prospectus supplement.
 
Stockholder Liability .  Under Maryland law, holders of our preferred stock will not be liable for our obligations solely as a result of their status as a stockholder.
 
Transfer Agent.   The registrar and transfer agent for our preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement.
 
 
 
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The description of the provisions of the shares of preferred stock set forth in this prospectus and in any related prospectus supplement is only a summary, does not purport to be complete and is subject to, and is qualified in its entirety by, reference to the definitive articles supplementary to our charter relating to such series of shares of preferred stock. You should read these documents carefully to fully understand the terms of the shares of preferred stock. In connection with any offering of shares of preferred stock, articles supplementary will be filed with the SEC as an exhibit or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement.
 
 Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock.     On November 30, 2006, we issued 1,150,000 shares of our Series A Preferred Stock in a public offering.  The Series A Preferred Stock, $.01 par value per share, has a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share.  Dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock are cumulative, accrue from the date of issuance and are payable quarterly in arrears at a rate of $1.90625 per share per annum.  We generally must be current in our dividend payments on the Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock in order to pay dividends on our common stock.  The holders of  Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock have no voting rights, other than limited voting rights concerning the election of additional directors in the event of certain preferred dividend arrearages.  The Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock has no stated maturity, is not subject to any sinking fund or mandatory redemption, and is not convertible into any other securities of the Company.  The Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock may not be redeemed by the Company prior to December 5, 2011.  At that time, we will have the right to redeem the shares, in whole or in part, at any time for a cash redemption price of $25.00 per share plus accrued and unpaid dividends.
 
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

The following description, together with the additional information we include in any applicable prospectus supplements, summarizes the material terms and provisions of the debt securities that we may offer under this prospectus. While the terms we have summarized below will generally apply to any future debt securities we may offer under this prospectus, we will describe the particular terms of any debt securities that we may offer in more detail in the applicable prospectus supplement. The terms of any debt securities we offer under a prospectus supplement may differ from the terms we describe below.
 
We will issue the senior debt securities under a senior indenture which we will enter into with the trustee named in the senior indenture. We will issue the subordinated debt securities under a subordinated indenture which we will enter into with the trustee named in the subordinated indenture. We have filed forms of these documents as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. The terms of any indenture that we enter into may differ from the terms we describe below. We use the term “indentures” to refer to both the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture.
 
The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939 (the “Trust Indenture Act”). We use the term “debenture trustee” to refer to either the senior trustee or the subordinated trustee, as applicable.
 
The following summaries of material provisions of the senior debt securities, the subordinated debt securities and the indentures are subject to, and qualified in their entirety by reference to, all the provisions of the indenture applicable to a particular series of debt securities. We urge you to read the applicable prospectus supplements related to the debt securities that we sell under this prospectus, as well as the complete indentures that contain the terms of the debt securities. Except as we may otherwise indicate, the terms of the senior indenture and the subordinated indenture are identical.
 
General .  The debt securities will be direct, unsecured obligations of the Company and may either be senior or subordinated debt securities. We will describe in the applicable prospectus supplement the terms relating to a series of debt securities, including:
 
 
the title;
 
 
 
the principal amount being offered, and, if a series, the total amount authorized and the total amount outstanding;
 

 
 
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any limit on the amount that may be issued;
 
 
 
whether or not we will issue the series of debt securities in global form and, if so, the terms and who the depositary will be;
 
 
 
the maturity date;
 
 
 
the principal amount due at maturity, and whether the debt securities will be issued with any original issue discount;
 
 
 
whether and under what circumstances, if any, we will pay additional amounts on any debt securities held by a person who is not a United States person for tax purposes, and whether we can redeem the debt securities if we have to pay such additional amounts;
 
 
 
the annual interest rate, which may be fixed or variable, or the method for determining the rate, the date interest will begin to accrue, the dates interest will be payable and the regular record dates for interest payment dates or the method for determining such dates;
 
 
 
the terms of the subordination of any series of subordinated debt;
 
 
the aggregate amount of indebtedness that would be senior to the subordinated debt and a description of any limitation on the issuance of such additional senior indebtedness (or a statement that there is no such limitation);
 
 
 
the place where payments will be payable;
 
 
 
restrictions on transfer, sale or other assignment, if any;
 
 
 
our right, if any, to defer payment of interest and the maximum length of any such deferral period;
 
 
 
the date, if any, after which, the conditions upon which, and the price at which we may, at our option, redeem the series of debt securities pursuant to any optional or provisional redemption provisions, and any other applicable terms of those redemption provisions;
 
 
 
provisions for a sinking fund, purchase or other analogous fund, if any;
 
 
 
the date, if any, on which, and the price at which we are obligated, pursuant to any mandatory sinking fund or analogous fund provisions or otherwise, to redeem, or at the security holder’s option to purchase, the series of debt securities;
 
 
 
whether the indenture will restrict our ability and/or the ability of our subsidiaries to:
 
 
o
incur additional indebtedness;
 
 
 
o
issue additional securities;
 
 
 
o
create liens;
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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o
pay dividends and make distributions in respect of our capital stock;
 
 
 
o
redeem capital stock;
 
  
 
o
make investments or other restricted payments;
 
 
 
o
sell or otherwise dispose of assets;
 
  
 
o
engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; or
 
 
 
o
effect a consolidation or merger;
 
 
whether the indenture will require us to maintain any interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based, asset-based or other financial ratios or to maintain reserves;
 
 
 
a discussion of any material or special United States federal income tax considerations applicable to the debt securities;
 
 
 
information describing any book-entry features;
 
 
 
the procedures for any auction and remarketing, if any;
     
 
the denominations in which we will issue the series of debt securities, if other than denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof;
 
 
 
if other than dollars, the currency in which the series of debt securities will be denominated;
 
 
 
any other specific terms, preferences, rights or limitations of, or restrictions on, the debt securities, including any events of default that are in addition to those described in this prospectus or any covenants provided with respect to the debt securities that are in addition to those described above, and any terms which may be required by us or advisable under applicable laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of the debt securities; and
 
 
the name of any trustee(s) and the nature of any material relationships with the trustee, the percentage of securities of the class necessary to require the trustee to take action and what indemnification the trustee may require before proceeding to enforce any liens.

Conversion or Exchange Rights.   We will set forth in the prospectus supplement the terms on which a series of debt securities may be convertible into or exchangeable for our common stock or other securities of ours or a third party, including the conversion or exchange rate, as applicable, or how it will be calculated, and the applicable conversion or exchange period. We will include provisions as to whether conversion or exchange is mandatory, at the option of the security holder or at our option. We may include provisions pursuant to which the number of our securities or the securities of a third party that the security holders of the series of debt securities receive upon conversion or exchange would, under the circumstances described in those provisions, be subject to adjustment, or pursuant to which those security holders would, under those circumstances, receive other property upon conversion or exchange, for example in the event of our merger or consolidation with another entity.
 
Consolidation, Merger or Sale .  The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not contain any covenant which restricts our ability to merge or consolidate, or sell, convey, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or substantially all of our assets. However, any
 
 
 
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successor of ours or acquiror of such assets must assume all of our obligations under the indentures and the debt securities.
 
If the debt securities are convertible for our other securities, the person with whom we consolidate or merge or to whom we sell all of our property must make provision for the conversion of the debt securities into securities which the security holders of the debt securities would have received if they had converted the debt securities before the consolidation, merger or sale.
 
Events of Default. The following are events of default under the indentures with respect to any series of debt securities that we may issue:
 
 
       ●          
if we fail to pay interest when due and payable and our failure continues for 90 days and the time for payment has not been extended or deferred;
   
 
if we fail to pay the principal, or premium, if any, when due and payable and the time for payment has not been extended or delayed;
   
 
if we fail to observe or perform any other covenant contained in the debt securities or the indentures, other than a covenant specifically relating to another series of debt securities, and our failure continues for 90 days after we receive notice from the debenture trustee or stockholders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of the applicable series; and
   
         ●        
if specified events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization occur.
 
 
If an event of default with respect to debt securities of any series occurs and is continuing, other than an event of default specified in the last bullet point above, the debenture trustee or the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series, by notice to us in writing, and to the debenture trustee if notice is given by such security holders, may declare the unpaid principal of, premium, if any, and accrued interest, if any, due and payable immediately. If an event of default specified in the last bullet point above occurs with respect to us, the principal amount of and accrued interest, if any, of each issue of debt securities then outstanding shall be due and payable without any notice or other action on the part of the debenture trustee or any security holder.
 
The security holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of an affected series may waive any default or event of default with respect to the series and its consequences, except defaults or events of default regarding payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest, unless we have cured the default or event of default in accordance with the indenture.
 
Subject to the terms of the indentures, if an event of default under an indenture shall occur and be continuing, the debenture trustee will be under no obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under such indenture at the request or direction of any of the security holders of the applicable series of debt securities, unless such security holders have offered the debenture trustee reasonable indemnity. The security holders of a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the debenture trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the debenture trustee, with respect to the debt securities of that series, provided that:
 
 
the direction so given by the security holder is not in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture; and
 
 
 
subject to its duties under the Trust Indenture Act, the debenture trustee need not take any action that might involve it in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the security holders not involved in the proceeding.
 
 
 
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A security holder of the debt securities of any series will only have the right to institute a proceeding under the indentures or to appoint a receiver or trustee, or to seek other remedies if:
 
 
the security holder has given written notice to the debenture trustee of a continuing event of default with respect to that series;
 
 
 
the holders of at least 25% in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series have made written request, and such security holders have offered reasonable indemnity to the debenture trustee to institute the proceeding as trustee; and
 
 
 
the debenture trustee does not institute the proceeding, and does not receive from the security holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series other conflicting directions within 90 days after the notice, request and offer.
 
These limitations do not apply to a suit instituted by a holder of debt securities if we default in the payment of the principal, premium, if any, or interest on, the debt securities.
 
We will periodically file statements with the debenture trustee regarding our compliance with specified covenants, if any, in the indentures.
 
Modification of Indenture; Waiver .  We and the debenture trustee may change an indenture without the consent of any security holders with respect to specific matters, including:
 
 
to fix any ambiguity, defect or inconsistency in the indenture;
 
 
 
to comply with the provisions described above under “Consolidation, Merger or Sale”;
 
 
 
to comply with any requirements of the SEC in connection with the qualification of any indenture under the Trust Indenture Act;
 
 
 
to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee;
 
 
 
to provide for uncertificated debt securities and to make all appropriate changes for such purpose;
 
 
 
to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms or purposes of issuance, authorization and delivery of debt securities of any series;
 
 
 
to add to our covenants such new covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions for the protection of the security holders, to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an event of default, or to surrender any of our rights or powers under the indenture; or
 
 
 
to change anything that does not harm the interests of any holder of debt securities of any series.
  
In addition, under the indentures, the rights of holders of a series of debt securities may be changed by us and the debenture trustee with the written consent of the holders of at least a majority in aggregate principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series that is affected. However, we and the debenture trustee may only make the following changes with the consent of each security holder of any outstanding debt securities affected:
 
 
extending the fixed maturity of the series of debt securities;
 
 
 
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reducing the principal amount, reducing the rate of or extending the time of payment of interest, or reducing any premium payable upon the redemption of any debt securities; or
 
 
 
reducing the percentage of debt securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any supplemental indenture.
 
Discharge .  Each indenture provides that we can elect to be discharged from our obligations with respect to one or more series of debt securities, except for obligations to:
 
 
register the transfer or exchange of debt securities of the series;
 
 
 
replace stolen, lost or mutilated debt securities of the series;
 
 
 
maintain paying agencies;
 
 
 
hold monies for payment in trust;
 
 
 
recover excess money held by the debenture trustee;
 
 
 
compensate and indemnify the debenture trustee; and
 
 
 
appoint any successor trustee.
 
In order to exercise our rights to be discharged, we must deposit with the debenture trustee money or government obligations sufficient to pay all the principal of, any premium, if any, and interest on, the debt securities of the series on the dates payments are due.
 
Form, Exchange and Transfer .  We will issue the debt securities of each series only in fully registered form without coupons and, unless we otherwise specify in the applicable prospectus supplement, in denominations of $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof. The indentures provide that we may issue debt securities of a series in temporary or permanent global form and as book-entry securities that will be deposited with, or on behalf of, The Depository Trust Company or another depositary named by us and identified in a prospectus supplement with respect to that series.
 
At the option of the security holder, subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities described in the applicable prospectus supplement, the holder of the debt securities of any series can exchange the debt securities for other debt securities of the same series, in any authorized denomination and of like tenor and aggregate principal amount.
 
Subject to the terms of the indentures and the limitations applicable to global securities set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement, holders of the debt securities may present the debt securities for exchange or for registration of transfer, duly endorsed or with the form of transfer endorsed thereon duly executed if so required by us or the security registrar, at the office of the security registrar or at the office of any transfer agent designated by us for this purpose. Unless otherwise provided in the debt securities that the security holder presents for transfer or exchange, we will make no service charge for any registration of transfer or exchange, but we may require payment of any taxes or other governmental charges.
 

We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the security registrar, and any transfer agent in addition to the security registrar, that we initially designate for any debt securities. We may at any time designate
 
 
 
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additional transfer agents or rescind the designation of any transfer agent or approve a change in the office through which any transfer agent acts, except that we will be required to maintain a transfer agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of each series.
 
If we elect to redeem the debt securities of any series, we will not be required to:
 
 
issue, register the transfer of, or exchange any debt securities of any series being redeemed in part during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of mailing of a notice of redemption of any debt securities that may be selected for redemption and ending at the close of business on the day of the mailing; or
 
 
 
register the transfer of or exchange any debt securities so selected for redemption, in whole or in part, except the unredeemed portion of any debt securities we are redeeming in part.
 
Information Concerning the Debenture Trustee .  The debenture trustee, other than during the occurrence and continuance of an event of default under an indenture, undertakes to perform only those duties as are specifically set forth in the applicable indenture. Upon an event of default under an indenture, the debenture trustee must use the same degree of care as a prudent person would exercise or use in the conduct of his or her own affairs. Subject to this provision, the debenture trustee is under no obligation to exercise any of the powers given it by the indentures at the request of any security holder of debt securities unless it is offered reasonable security and indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that it might incur.
 
Payment and Paying Agents.   Unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we will make payment of the interest on any debt securities on any interest payment date to the person in whose name the debt securities, or one or more predecessor securities, are registered at the close of business on the regular record date for the interest.
 
We will pay principal of and any premium and interest on the debt securities of a particular series at the office of the paying agents designated by us, except that, unless we otherwise indicate in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may make interest payments by check which we will mail to the security holder or by wire transfer to certain security holders. We will name in the applicable prospectus supplement the paying agents that we initially designate for the debt securities of a particular series. We will maintain a paying agent in each place of payment for the debt securities of a particular series.
 
All money we pay to a paying agent or the debenture trustee for the payment of the principal of or any premium or interest on any debt securities which remains unclaimed at the end of two years after such principal, premium or interest has become due and payable will be repaid to us, and the holder of the debt security thereafter may look only to us for payment thereof.
 
Governing Law .  The indentures and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
 
Subordination of Subordinated Debt Securities .  The subordinated debt securities will be subordinate and junior in priority of payment to certain of our other indebtedness to the extent described in a prospectus supplement. The indentures in the forms initially filed as exhibits to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part do not limit the amount of indebtedness which we may incur, including senior indebtedness or subordinated indebtedness, and do not limit us from issuing any other debt, including secured debt or unsecured debt.

CERT AIN PROVISIONS OF MARYLAND LAW
AND OUR CHARTER AND BY-LAWS

The following is a summary of certain provisions of the MGCL and our charter and bylaws. Because this description is only a summary, it does not contain all the information about the MGCL or our charter and bylaws that may be important to you.  In particular, you should refer to, and this summary as qualified in its entirety by
 
 
 
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reference to the MGCL and our charter, including any articles supplementary, and bylaws. You should read these documents carefully to fully understand the terms of Maryland law, our charter and our bylaws.
 
The Board of Directors .  Our board of directors is currently comprised of thirteen directors. Our charter and bylaws provide that the board may alter the number of directors to a number not exceeding 15 or less than three. Our charter provides that the members of the board shall be divided, as evenly as possible, into three classes, with approximately one-third of the directors elected by the stockholders annually. Each director will serve for a three year term or until his or her successor is duly elected and has qualified.  Holders of shares will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors.
 
 
Business Combinations . Under the Maryland Business Combination Act, business combinations between a Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder are prohibited for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, an asset transfer or issuance or reclassification of equity securities. An interested stockholder is defined as:
 
 
 
any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of the corporation’s shares; or
 
 
 
an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period before the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then outstanding voting stock of the corporation.
 
A person is not an interested stockholder under the statute if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving a transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board.
 
After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between the Maryland corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors of the corporation and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:
 
 
 
80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of outstanding shares of voting stock of the corporation; and
 
 
 
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of voting stock of the corporation other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.
 
These supermajority vote requirements do not apply if the corporation’s common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under the MGCL, for their shares of common stock in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.
 
The MGCL permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are exempted by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. Pursuant to the act, our charter exempts any business combination between us and UMH.  Consequently, the five-year prohibition and the supermajority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and UMH.
 
Control Share Acquisitions . The provisions of the Maryland Control Share Acquisition Act provide that control shares of a Maryland corporation acquired in a control share acquisition have no voting rights except to the extent approved by a vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Shares owned by the acquiror, by officers or by directors who are employees of the corporation are excluded from shares entitled to vote on the matter. Control shares are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other shares of stock owned by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power:
 
 
 
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one-tenth or more but less than one-third;
 
 
 
one-third or more but less than a majority; or
 
 
 
a majority or more of all voting power.
 
Control shares do not include shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A control share acquisition means, subject to certain exceptions, the acquisition of control shares.
 
A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition may compel the board of directors of the corporation to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. The right to compel the calling of a special meeting is subject to the satisfaction of certain conditions, including an undertaking to pay the expenses of the meeting. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders’ meeting.
 
If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then the corporation may redeem for fair value any or all of the control shares, except those for which voting rights have previously been approved. The right of the corporation to redeem control shares is subject to certain conditions and limitations. Fair value is determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of the shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.
 
The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.
 
Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the provisions of the Control Share Acquisition Act any and all acquisitions by any person of shares of our stock. There can be no assurance that our board of directors will not eliminate this provision at any time in the future.
 
Unsolicited Takeovers Act . Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:
 
 
 
 
  a classified board;
 
 
 
a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;
 
 
 
a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;
 
 
 
a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and
 
 
 
a requirement that a special meeting of stockholders may occur if at least a majority of stockholders request such in writing.
 
 
 
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Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) have a classified board, (b) require a two-thirds vote for the removal of any director from the board, (c) vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directors and (d) require, unless called by its president, the chairman of the board or a majority of the board of directors, the request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting to call a special meeting of stockholders.  We have elected to be governed by the provision of Subtitle 8 providing that a vacancy on its board of directors may be filled only by the remaining directors, for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred.
 
Advance Notice of Director Nominations and New Business . Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of our stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders at an annual meeting may be made only (i) pursuant to the notice of the meeting, (ii) by our board of directors or (iii) by one of our stockholders who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice procedures of the bylaws. With respect to special meetings of our stockholders, only the business specified in the notice of the meeting may be brought before the meeting. Nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors at a special meeting of its stockholders may be made only (i) pursuant to the notice of the meeting, (ii) by the board of directors or (iii) provided that the board of directors has determined that directors will be elected at the meeting, by a stockholder who is entitled to vote at the meeting and who has complied with the advance notice provisions of the bylaws.
 
Meetings of Stockholders . Under our bylaws, annual meetings of stockholders are to be held each year at a date and time as determined by our board of directors. Special meetings of stockholders may be called only by a majority of the directors then in office, by the chairman of our board of directors or by the president and must be called by the secretary upon the written request of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting.
 
Amendment of Charter and Bylaws . Our charter generally may be amended only upon approval of the board of directors and the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. Under the MGCL, certain charter amendments may be effected by the board of directors, without stockholder approval, such as an amendment changing the name of the corporation or an amendment increasing or decreasing the number of its authorized shares of stock. Our bylaws may be amended only by vote of a majority of the board of directors.
 
Dissolution . Our dissolution must be advised by a majority of our entire board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two thirds of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.
 
Removal of Directors . Our charter provides that a director may be removed only for cause, as defined in the charter, and only by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast not less than two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast in the election of directors, generally. This provision, when coupled with the subtitle 8 election vesting in our board of directors the sole power to fill vacant directorships, precludes stockholders from removing incumbent directors except for cause and by a substantial affirmative vote and from filling the vacancies created by the removal with their own nominees.
 
  MATERIAL UNITED STATES FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSEQUENCES

Introductory Notes
 
The following is a description of the material Federal income tax considerations to a holder of our securities. An applicable prospectus supplement will contain information about additional Federal income tax considerations, if any, relating to particular offerings of our securities. The following discussion is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations and does not provide a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax considerations, nor does it discuss all of the aspects of Federal income taxation that may be relevant to a prospective security holder in light of his or her particular circumstances or to stockholders (including insurance companies, tax exempt entities, financial institutions or broker-dealers, foreign corporations, and persons who are not citizens or residents of the United States) who are subject to special treatment under the Federal income tax laws.
 
 
 
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Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP has provided an opinion to the effect that this discussion, to the extent that it contains descriptions of applicable Federal income tax law, is correct in all material respects and fairly summarizes in all material respects the Federal income tax laws referred to herein. This opinion is limited to this discussion under the heading "Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences" and is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. This opinion, however, does not purport to address the actual tax consequences of the purchase, ownership and disposition of our common stock, preferred stock, or debt securities to any particular holder. The opinion, and the information in this section, is based on the Code, current, temporary and proposed Treasury Regulations, the legislative history of the Code, current administrative interpretations and practices of the Internal Revenue Service, and court decisions. The reference to Internal Revenue Service interpretations and practices includes Internal Revenue Service practices and policies as endorsed in private letter rulings, which are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service except with respect to the taxpayer that receives the ruling. In each case, these sources are relied upon as they exist on the date of this prospectus. No assurance can be given that future legislation, regulations, administrative interpretations and court decisions will not significantly change current law, or adversely affect existing interpretations of existing law, on which the opinion and the information in this section are based. Any change of this kind could apply retroactively to transactions preceding the date of the change. Moreover, opinions of counsel merely represent counsel’s best judgment with respect to the probable outcome on the merits and are not binding on the Internal Revenue Service or the courts. Accordingly, even if there is no change in applicable law, no assurance can be provided that such opinion, or the statements made in the following discussion, will not be challenged by the Internal Revenue Service or will be sustained by a court if so challenged.
 
Each prospective purchaser is advised to consult the applicable prospectus supplement, as well as his or her own tax advisor, regarding the specific tax consequences to him or her of the acquisition, ownership and sale of securities of an entity electing to be taxed as a real estate investment trust, including the Federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such acquisition, ownership, sale, and election and of potential changes in applicable tax laws.
 
Taxation of Us as a REIT

General .  We have elected to be taxed as a REIT under Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, commencing with our taxable year which ended September 30, 1968. Our qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, distribution levels and diversity of stock ownership, the various qualification tests and organizational requirements imposed under the Code, as discussed below. We believe that we are organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify under the Code for taxation as a REIT since our inception, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner. No assurances, however, can be given that we will operate in a manner so as to qualify or remain qualified as a REIT. See “Failure to Qualify” below.
 
The following is a general summary of the material Code provisions that govern the Federal income tax treatment of a REIT and its security holders. These provisions of the Code are highly technical and complex. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions, the Treasury Regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.
 
Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP has provided to us an opinion to the effect that we have been organized and have operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT, effective for each of our taxable years ended September 30, 2005 through September 30, 2008, and our current and proposed organization and method of operation will enable us to continue to meet the requirements for qualification and taxation as a REIT for our taxable year ending September 30, 2009 and thereafter. This opinion is filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part. It must be emphasized that this opinion is conditioned upon certain assumptions and representations made by us to Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP as to factual matters relating to our organization and operation. Since qualification as a REIT requires us to satisfy certain income and asset tests throughout the fiscal year ending September 30, 2009, Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP’s opinion is based upon assumptions and our representations as to future conduct, income and assets. In addition, this opinion is based upon our factual representations concerning our business and properties as described in the reports filed by us under the federal securities laws.
 
 
 
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Qualification and taxation as a REIT depends upon our ability to meet on a continuing basis, through actual annual operating results, the various requirements under the Code described in this prospectus with regard to, among other things, the sources of our gross income, the composition of our assets, our distribution levels, and our diversity of stock ownership. Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP will not review our operating results on an ongoing basis. While we intend to operate so that we qualify as a REIT, given the highly complex nature of the rules governing REITs, the ongoing importance of factual determinations, and the possibility of future changes in our circumstances, no assurance can be given that we satisfy all of the tests for REIT qualification or will continue to do so.
 
If we qualify for taxation as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to Federal corporate income taxes on net income that we currently distribute to stockholders. This treatment substantially eliminates the “double taxation” (at the corporate and stockholder levels) that generally results from investment in a corporation.
 
Notwithstanding our REIT election, however, we will be subject to Federal income tax in the following circumstances. First, we will be taxed at regular corporate rates on any undistributed taxable income, including undistributed net capital gains, provided, however, that properly designated undistributed capital gains will effectively avoid taxation at the stockholder level. Second, under certain circumstances, we may be subject to the “alternative minimum tax” on any items of tax preference and alternative minimum tax adjustments. Third, if we have (i) net income from the sale or other disposition of “foreclosure property” (which is, in general, property acquired by foreclosure or otherwise on default of a loan secured by the property) that is held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business or (ii) other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property, we will be subject to tax at the highest corporate rate on such income. Fourth, if we have net income from prohibited transactions (which are, in general, certain sales or other dispositions of property (other than foreclosure property) held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business), such income will be subject to a 100% tax on prohibited transactions. Fifth, if we should fail to satisfy the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test (as discussed below), and have nonetheless maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements have been met, we will be subject to a tax in an amount equal to the greater of either (i) the amount by which 75% of our gross income exceeds the amount qualifying under the 75% test for the taxable year or (ii) the amount by which 95% of our gross income exceeds the amount of our income qualifying under the 95% test for the taxable year, multiplied in either case by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability. Sixth, if we should fail to satisfy any of the asset tests (as discussed below) for a particular quarter and do not qualify for certain de minimis exceptions but have nonetheless maintained our qualification as a REIT because certain other requirements are met, we will be subject to a tax equal to the greater of (i) $50,000 or (ii) the amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate tax rate by the net income generated by certain disqualified assets for a specified period of time. Seventh, if we fail to satisfy REIT requirements other than the income or asset tests but nonetheless maintain our qualification because certain other requirements are met, we must pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. Eighth, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for such year (For this purpose such term includes capital gains which we elect to retain but which we report as distributed to our stockholders. See “Annual Distribution Requirements” below); and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior years, we would be subject to a 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed. Ninth, if we acquire any asset from a C corporation (i.e., a corporation generally subject to full corporate level tax) in a transaction in which the basis of the asset in our hands is determined by reference to the basis of the asset (or any other property) in the hands of the C corporation, and we recognize gain on the disposition of such asset during the 10-year period (temporarily shortened to a 7-year period for any taxable year beginning in 2009 or 2010 if the seventh year preceded such taxable year) beginning on the date on which such asset was acquired by us, then, to the extent of such property’s built-in gain (the excess of the fair market value of such property at the time of acquisition by us over the adjusted basis of such property at such time), such gain will be subject to tax at the highest regular corporate rate applicable assuming that we made or would make an election pursuant to Notice 88-19 or Treasury Regulations that were promulgated originally in 2000. Tenth, we would be subject to a 100% penalty tax on amounts received (or on certain expenses deducted by a taxable REIT subsidiary) if arrangements among us, our tenants and a taxable REIT subsidiary were not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties.
 
Requirements for Qualification
 

The Code defines a REIT as a corporation, trust or association (i) which is managed by one or more trustees or directors; (ii) the beneficial ownership of which is evidenced by transferable shares or by transferable
 
 
 
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certificates of beneficial interest; (iii) which would be taxable as a domestic corporation but for Code Sections 856 through 859; (iv) which is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to certain provisions of the Code; (v) the beneficial ownership of which is held by 100 or more persons; (vi) of which not more than 50% in value of the outstanding capital stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of each taxable year after applying certain attribution rules; (vii) that makes an election to be treated as a REIT for the current taxable year or has made an election for a previous taxable year which has not been terminated or revoked and (viii) which meets certain other tests, described below, regarding the nature of its income and assets. The Code provides that conditions (i) through (iv), inclusive, must be met during the entire taxable year and that condition (v) must be met during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. Condition (vi) must be met during the last half of each taxable year. For purposes of determining stock ownership under condition (vi), a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes generally is considered an individual. However, a trust that is a qualified trust under Code Section 401(a) generally is not considered an individual, and beneficiaries of a qualified trust are treated as holding shares of a REIT in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of condition (vi). Conditions (v) and (vi) do not apply until after the first taxable year for which an election is made to be taxed as a REIT. We have issued sufficient common stock with sufficient diversity of ownership to allow us to satisfy requirements (v) and (vi). In addition, our charter contains restrictions regarding the transfer of our stock intended to assist in continuing to satisfy the stock ownership requirements described in (v) and (vi) above. These restrictions, however, may not ensure that we will be able to satisfy these stock ownership requirements. If we fail to satisfy these stock ownership requirements, we will fail to qualify as a REIT.
 
In addition, if a corporation elected to be a REIT subsequent to October 4, 1976, it must have as its taxable year the calendar year. We elected to be classified as a REIT prior to that date. Consequently, our taxable year ends September 30.
 
To qualify as a REIT, we cannot have at the end of any taxable year any undistributed earnings and profits that are attributable to a non-REIT taxable year. We believe that we have complied with this requirement.
 
For our tax years beginning prior to January 1, 1998, pursuant to applicable Treasury Regulations, to be taxed as a REIT, we were required to maintain certain records and request on an annual basis certain information from our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding shares.  For our tax years beginning January 1, 1998 and after, these records and informational requirements are no longer a condition to REIT qualification. Instead, a monetary penalty will be imposed for failure to comply with these requirements.  We have complied with such requirements.  If we comply with these regulatory rules, and we do not know, or exercising reasonable diligence would not have known, whether we failed to meet requirement (vi) above, we will be treated as having met the requirement.
 
Qualified REIT Subsidiaries

 
If a REIT owns a corporate subsidiary that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary,” the separate existence of that subsidiary generally will be disregarded for Federal income tax purposes. Generally, a qualified REIT subsidiary is a corporation, other than a taxable REIT subsidiary, all of the capital stock of which is owned by the REIT. All assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the qualified REIT subsidiary will be treated as assets, liabilities and items of income, deduction and credit of the REIT itself. A qualified REIT subsidiary of ours will not be subject to Federal corporate income taxation, although it may be subject to state and local taxation in some states.
 
Taxable REIT Subsidiaries

 
A “taxable REIT subsidiary” is an entity taxable as a corporation in which we own stock and that elects with us to be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary under Section 856(l) of the Code. In addition, if one of our taxable REIT subsidiaries owns, directly or indirectly, securities representing more than 35% of the vote or value of a subsidiary corporation, that subsidiary will also be treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary of ours. A taxable REIT subsidiary is subject to Federal income tax, and state and local income tax where applicable, as a regular “C” corporation.
 
 
 
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Generally, a taxable REIT subsidiary can perform certain impermissible tenant services without causing us to receive impermissible tenant services income under the REIT income tests. However, several provisions regarding the arrangements between a REIT and its taxable REIT subsidiaries ensure that a taxable REIT subsidiary will be subject to an appropriate level of Federal income taxation. For example, a taxable REIT subsidiary is limited in its ability to deduct interest payments made to us. In addition, we will be obligated to pay a 100% penalty tax on some payments that we receive or on certain expenses deducted by the taxable REIT subsidiary if the economic arrangements among us, our tenants and the taxable REIT subsidiary are not comparable to similar arrangements among unrelated parties. We currently have a taxable REIT subsidiary, MREIC Financial, Inc., and may establish additional taxable REIT subsidiaries in the future.
 
Income Tests

 
In order for us to maintain qualification as a REIT, two separate percentage tests relating to the source of our gross income must be satisfied annually. First, at least 75% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year generally must be derived directly or indirectly from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property (including “rents from real property,” gain, and, in certain circumstances, interest) or from certain types of temporary investments. Second, at least 95% of our gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) for each taxable year must be derived from such real property investments described above, dividends, interest and gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or from any combination of the foregoing.
 
Rents received by us will qualify as “rents from real property” in satisfying the above gross income tests only if several conditions are met. First, the amount of rent generally must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, amounts received or accrued generally will not be excluded from “rents from real property” solely by reason of being based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales.
 
Second, rents received from a tenant will not qualify as “rents from real property” if we, or a direct or indirect owner of 10% or more of our stock, actually or constructively own 10% or more of such tenant (a “Related Party Tenant”). We may, however, lease our properties to a taxable REIT subsidiary and rents received from that subsidiary generally will not be disqualified from being “rents from real property” by reason of our ownership interest in the subsidiary if at least 90% of the property in question is leased to unrelated tenants and the rent paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary is substantially comparable to the rent paid by the unrelated tenants for comparable space, as determined pursuant to the rules in Section 856(d)(8).
 
Third, if rent attributable to personal property that is leased in connection with a lease of real property is greater than 15% of the total rent received under the lease, then the portion of rent attributable to such personal property will not qualify as “rents from real property.” This 15% test is based on relative fair market values of the real and personal property.
 
Generally, for rents to qualify as “rents from real property” for the purposes of the gross income tests, we are only allowed to provide services that are both “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of real property and not otherwise considered “rendered to the occupant.” Income received from any other service will be treated as “impermissible tenant service income” unless the service is provided, in the case of impermissible services that are customary, through an independent contractor that bears the expenses of providing the services and from whom we derive no revenue or, in the case of even non-customary impermissible services, through a taxable REIT subsidiary, subject to specified limitations. The amount of impermissible tenant service income we receive is deemed to be the greater of the amount actually received by us or 150% of our direct cost of providing the service. If the impermissible tenant service income exceeds 1% of our total income from a property, then all of the income from that property will fail to qualify as rents from real property. If the total amount of impermissible tenant service income from a property does not exceed 1% of our total income from that property, the income will not cause the rent paid by tenants of that property to fail to qualify as rents from real property, but the impermissible tenant service income itself will not qualify as rents from real property.
 
In addition to being structured to satisfy the above listed conditions, our leases will be structured with the intent to qualify as true leases for Federal income tax purposes. If, however, our leases were recharacterized as
 
 
 
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 service contracts or partnership agreements, rather than true leases, or disregarded altogether for tax purposes, all or part of the payments that we, our applicable subsidiary or other lessor entity receives from the lessees would not be considered rent or would not otherwise satisfy the various requirements for qualification as “rents from real property.” In that case, we very likely would not be able to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income tests and, as a result, could lose our REIT status.

If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% or 95% gross income tests for any taxable year, we may nevertheless qualify as a REIT for such year if we are entitled to relief under certain provisions of the Code. Prior to October 22, 2004, with respect to failures occurring on or before that date but in tax years beginning after October 4, 1976, or, with respect to tax years beginning before October 4, 1976, as a result of a determination occurring after October 4, 1976, these relief provisions generally were available if our failure to meet such tests was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, if we attach a schedule of the nature and amount of our income to our Federal income tax return for such years, and if any incorrect information on the schedules was not due to fraud with intent to evade tax. After October 22, 2004, the relief provisions generally will be available with respect to a failure to meet such tests if our failure was due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect, and, following the REIT’s identification of the failure to meet either of the gross income tests, a description of each item of the REIT’s gross income is set forth in a schedule for the relevant taxable year that is filed in accordance with the applicable regulations. It is not possible, however, to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to the benefit of these relief provisions. As discussed above in “Taxation of Us as a REIT,” even if these relief provisions were to apply, a tax would be imposed equal to the excess impermissible gross income multiplied by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
 
 
Other Rules Regarding Income
 
Prohibited Transaction Income . Any gain that we realize on the sale of property held as inventory or otherwise held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction that is subject to a 100% penalty tax. The amount of gain would include any gain realized by qualified REIT subsidiaries and our share of any gain realized by any of the partnerships or limited liability companies in which we own an interest. This prohibited transaction income may also adversely affect our ability to satisfy the income tests for qualification as a REIT since such income is disregarded for purposes of these tests. Under existing law, whether property is held as inventory or primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business is a question of fact that depends on all of the facts and circumstances surrounding the particular transaction. We intend to hold our properties for investment with a view to long-term appreciation and to engage in the business of acquiring, developing and owning our properties. We have made, and may in the future make, occasional sales of properties consistent with our investment objectives. We do not intend to enter into any sales that are prohibited transactions. The Internal Revenue Service may contend, however, that one or more of these sales is subject to the 100% penalty tax.
 
Foreclosure Property . Foreclosure property is real property and any personal property incident to such real property (i) that is acquired by us as a result of our having bid in the property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced the property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default (or default was imminent) on a lease of the property or a mortgage loan held by and secured by the property, (ii) for which the related loan or lease was acquired by us at a time when default was not imminent or anticipated, and (iii) for which we make a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property. Property otherwise qualifying as foreclosure property has that status for the year of acquisition plus the three following years, unless such period is extended by the Internal Revenue Service. REITs generally are subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate (currently 35%) on any net income from foreclosure property, including any gain from the disposition of the foreclosure property, other than income that would otherwise be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Any gain from the sale of property for which a foreclosure property election has been made will not be subject to the 100% tax on gains from prohibited transactions described above, even if the property would otherwise constitute inventory or dealer property in the hands of the selling REIT. We do not anticipate that we will receive any income from foreclosure property that is not qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test.
 
Hedging Transactions . We may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our assets or liabilities. Our hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase these items, and futures and forward contracts. Income from a hedging transaction entered into on or before July 30, 2008 and made to hedge indebtedness incurred or to be incurred by us to acquire or own real estate assets will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test but will constitute non-qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Income from such transactions entered into after July 30,
 
 
 
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2008 will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% and 75% gross income tests.  Income from hedging transactions entered into after July 30, 2008 and made primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would qualify under the 75% or 95% income tests (or any property which generates such income or gain) also will not constitute gross income for purposes of the 95% and 75% gross income tests.  We must properly identify any such hedges in our books and records.   To the extent that we hedge with other types of financial instruments, the income from those transactions is not likely to be treated as qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our status as a REIT.
 
Asset Tests

 
At the close of each quarter of our taxable year, we must satisfy six tests relating to the nature of our assets.
 
1.           At least 75% of the value of our total assets must be represented by “real estate assets,” cash, cash items and government securities as such terms are defined in the Code. Our real estate assets include, for this purpose, our allocable share of real estate assets held by the partnerships in which we own an interest, and the non-corporate subsidiaries of these partnerships, as well as stock or debt instruments held for less than one year purchased with the proceeds of an offering of shares or long term debt.
 
2.           Not more than 25% of the value of our total assets may be represented by securities, other than those in the 75% asset class.
 
3.           Except for certain investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries, and taxable REIT subsidiaries, the value of any one issuer’s securities owned by us may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets.
 
4.           Except for certain investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, we may not own more than 10% of the total voting power of any one issuer’s outstanding securities.
 
5.           Except for certain investments in REITs, qualified REIT subsidiaries and taxable REIT subsidiaries, we may not own more than 10% of the total value of the outstanding securities of any one issuer, other than securities that qualify for the debt safe harbors discussed below.
 
6.           Not more than 25% of our total assets may be represented by the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.  For taxable years beginning on or before July 30, 2008, not more than 20% of our total assets could be represented by the securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries.
 
For purposes of these asset tests, any shares of qualified REIT subsidiaries are not taken into account, and any assets owned by the qualified REIT subsidiary are treated as owned directly by the REIT.
 
Securities, for purposes of the asset tests, may include debt we hold. However, the following types of arrangements generally will not be considered securities held by us for purposes of the 10% value test: (1) straight debt securities of an issuer which meet the requirements of Section 856(m)(2), discussed below; (2) any loan to an individual or an estate; (3) any Section 467 rental agreement, other than with certain related persons; (4) any obligation to pay rents from real property as defined in Section 856(d)(1); (5) any security issued by a state or any political subdivision thereof, the District of Columbia, a foreign government or any political subdivision thereof, or the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico, but only if the determination of any payment received or accrued under such security does not depend in whole or in part on the profits of any entity not described in the category or payments on any obligation issued by such an entity; (6) any security issued by a REIT; or (7) any other arrangement as determined by the Internal Revenue Service. Under Section 856(m)(2), debt generally will constitute “straight debt” if the debt is a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money (i) which is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into stock and (ii) the interest rate (or the interest payment dates) of
 
 
 
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 which is not contingent on the profits, the borrower’s discretion or similar factors. However, a security may satisfy the definition of “straight debt” even though the time of payment of interest or principal thereunder is subject to a contingency, if: (a) such contingency does not have the effect of changing the effective yield to maturity more than the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield to maturity, or (b) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer's debt instruments held by the REIT exceeds $1 million and not more than 12 months of unaccrued interest can be required to be prepaid thereunder. Second, a security can satisfy the definition of “straight debt” even though the time or amount of any payment thereunder is subject to a contingency upon a default or the exercise of a prepayment right by the issuer of the debt, provided that such contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.
 
Certain “look-through” rules apply in determining a REIT partner’s share of partnership securities for purposes of the 10% value test. Under such rules, a REIT’s interest as a partner in a partnership is not considered a security, and the REIT is deemed to own its proportionate share of each of the assets of the partnership. In addition, for taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, the REIT’s interest in the partnership assets is the REIT’s proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, other than securities qualifying for the above safe harbors. Therefore, a REIT that is a partner in a partnership must look through both its equity interest and interest in non-safe harbor debt securities issued by the partnership.
 
Any non-safe harbor debt instrument issued by a partnership will not be considered a security to the extent of the REIT’s interest as a partner in the partnership. Also, any non-safe harbor debt instrument issued by a partnership will not be considered a security if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income (excluding gross income from prohibited transactions) is derived from the sources described in Section 856(c)(3), which sets forth the general REIT income test.
 
Certain corporate or partnership securities that otherwise would qualify under the straight debt safe harbor will not so qualify if the REIT holding such securities, and any of its controlled taxable REIT subsidiaries, holds other securities of the issuer which are not securities qualifying for any safe harbors if such non-qualifying securities have an aggregate value greater than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities.
 
With respect to each issuer in which we currently own an interest that does not qualify as a REIT, a qualified REIT subsidiary or a taxable REIT subsidiary, we believe that our pro rata share of the value of the securities, including unsecured debt, of any such issuer does not exceed 5% of the total value of our assets and that we comply with the 10% voting securities limitation and 10% value limitation (taking into account the debt safe harbors with respect to certain issuers). With respect to our compliance with each of these asset tests, however, we cannot provide any assurance that the Internal Revenue Service might not disagree with our determinations.
 
After initially meeting the asset tests after the close of any quarter, we will not lose our status as a REIT if we fail to satisfy the 25%, 20% or 5% asset tests or the 10% value limitation at the end of a later quarter solely by reason of changes in the relative values of our assets. If the failure to satisfy the 25% or 5% asset tests or the 10% value limitation arises immediately after, and is wholly or partly the result of, the acquisition of securities or other property during a quarter, the failure can be cured by a disposition of sufficient non-qualifying assets within 30 days after the close of that quarter. We have maintained and intend to continue to maintain adequate records of the value of our assets to ensure compliance with the asset tests and to take any available actions within 30 days after the close of any quarter as may be required to cure any noncompliance with the 25%, 20%, or 5% asset tests or the 10% value limitation. We cannot ensure that these steps always will be successful. If we were to fail to cure the noncompliance with the asset tests within this 30 day period, we could fail to qualify as a REIT.
 
With respect to taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, however, a REIT will not lose its REIT status for failing to satisfy the requirements of the 5% and 10% tests if such failure is due to the ownership of assets the total value of which does not exceed the lesser of: (i) 1% of the total value of the REIT’s assets at the end of the quarter for which such measurement is done or (ii) $10 million. However, the REIT must either: (x) dispose of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identifies the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Internal Revenue Service), or (y) otherwise meet the requirements of those rules by the end of such time period.
 
 
 
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In addition, if a REIT fails to meet any of the asset test requirements for a particular quarter, and the failure exceeds the above-described de minimis standard, then the REIT still will be considered to have satisfied these tests if the REIT satisfies several requirements. First, the REIT’s failure to satisfy the particular asset test must be due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect. Second, the REIT must file a schedule of the assets resulting in such failure with the Internal Revenue Service in accordance with the regulations and must dispose of the assets within six months after the last day of the quarter in which the REIT identified the failure (or such other time period prescribed by the Internal Revenue Service) or otherwise meet the requirements of those rules by the end of such time period. Finally, the REIT must pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the amount determined by multiplying the highest corporate tax rate by the net income generated by the assets described in the schedule for the period beginning on the first date that the failure occurs and ending on the date when the REIT disposes of such assets or the end of the first quarter when the REIT no longer fails to satisfy the particular asset test.
 
Also, effective for taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, if a REIT fails to satisfy requirements other than the income or asset tests, the REIT will not lose its qualification as a REIT provided such violations are due to reasonable cause and not due to willful neglect and the REIT pays a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
 
Annual Distribution Requirements

We, in order to qualify as a REIT, must distribute dividends (other than capital gain dividends) to our stockholders in an amount at least equal to (i) the sum of (a) 90% of our “REIT taxable income” (computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain) and (b) 90% of the net income (after tax), if any, from foreclosure property, minus (ii) the sum of certain items of noncash income. Such distributions generally must be paid in the taxable year to which they relate. Dividends may be paid in the following year in two circumstances. First, dividends may be declared in the following year if the dividends are declared before we timely file our tax return for the year and paid within 12 months of the end of the tax year but before the first regular dividend payment made after such declaration. Second, if we declare a dividend in October, November or December of any year with a record date in one of these months and pay the dividend on or before January 31 of the following year, we will be treated as having paid the dividend on December 31 of the year in which the dividend was declared. To the extent that we do not distribute all of our net capital gain or distribute at least 90%, but less than 100%, of our “REIT taxable income,” as adjusted, we will be subject to tax on the nondistributed amount at regular capital gains and ordinary corporate tax rates. Furthermore, if we should fail to distribute during each calendar year at least the sum of (i) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for such year; (ii) 95% of our REIT capital gain income for such year; and (iii) any undistributed taxable income from prior periods, we will be subject to a non-deductible 4% excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts actually distributed.
 
We may elect to retain and pay tax on net long-term capital gains and require our stockholders to include their proportionate share of such undistributed net capital gains in their income. If we make such election, stockholders would receive a tax credit attributable to their share of the capital gains tax paid by us, and would receive an increase in the basis of their shares in us in an amount equal to the stockholder’s share of the undistributed net long-term capital gain reduced by the amount of the credit. Further, any undistributed net long-term capital gains that are included in the income of our stockholders pursuant to this rule will be treated as distributed for purposes of the 4% excise tax.
 
We have made and intend to continue to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirements. It is possible, however, that we, from time to time, may not have sufficient cash or liquid assets to meet the distribution requirements due to timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of such income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our taxable income, or if the amount of nondeductible expenses such as principal amortization or capital expenditures exceeds the amount of noncash deductions. In the event that such timing differences occur, in order to meet the distribution requirements, we may arrange for short-term, or possibly long-term, borrowing or pay distributions in the form of taxable stock dividends to permit the payment of required dividends. If the amount of nondeductible expenses exceeds noncash deductions, we may refinance our indebtedness to reduce principal payments and may borrow funds for capital expenditures.
 
Under certain circumstances, we may be able to rectify a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to stockholders in a later year that may be included in our deduction for
 
 
 
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dividends paid for the earlier year. Thus, we may avoid being taxed on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends; however, we will be required to pay interest to the Internal Revenue Service based upon the amount of any deduction taken for deficiency dividends.
 
Failure to Qualify

If we fail to qualify for taxation as a REIT in any taxable year and no relief provisions apply, we will be subject to tax (including any applicable alternative minimum tax) on our taxable income at regular corporate rates. Distributions to stockholders in any year in which we fail to qualify will not be deductible by us, nor will such distributions be required to be made. In such event, to the extent of current and accumulated earnings and profits, all distributions to stockholders will be taxable as ordinary income, and, subject to certain limitations in the Code, corporate distributees may be eligible for the dividends received deduction and non-corporate taxpayers will be taxed (for the periods after 2002 and before 2011) at the same Federal income tax rates as capital gains are subject to tax for Federal income tax purposes. Unless entitled to relief under specific statutory provisions, we will also be disqualified from taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which qualification was lost. It is not possible to state whether in all circumstances we would be entitled to such statutory relief.
 
Taxation of Security Holders

Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders .  As used in the remainder of this discussion, the term “U.S. stockholder” means a beneficial owner of our common stock or preferred stock that is for Federal income tax purposes:
 
 
·
a citizen or resident, as defined in Section 7701(b) of the Code, of the United States;
 
 
·
a corporation or partnership, or other entity treated as a corporation or partnership for Federal income tax purposes, created or organized in or under the laws of the United States or any state or the District of Columbia;
 
 
·
an estate the income of which is subject to Federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
 
 
·
in general, a trust subject to the primary supervision of a United States court and the control of one or more United States persons or a trust that has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.
 
Generally, in the case of a partnership that holds our stock, any partner that would be a U.S. stockholder if it held the stock directly is also a U.S. stockholder. As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made to our taxable U.S. stockholders out of current or accumulated earnings and profits (and not designated as capital gain dividends or retained capital gains) will be taken into account by them as ordinary income, and corporate stockholders will not be eligible for the dividends received deduction as to such amounts. In the case of individual stockholders for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, such distributions, if designated by the REIT in a written notice mailed not later than 60 days after the close of its taxable year, may qualify (provided holding period and certain other requirements are met) as qualified dividend income eligible to be taxed at the reduced maximum rate of generally 15% (0% for individuals in lower tax brackets) to the extent that the REIT receives qualified dividend income. Qualified dividend income is, in general, dividend income from taxable domestic corporations and qualified foreign corporations. A qualified foreign corporation generally excludes any foreign corporation which for the taxable year of the corporation in which the dividend was paid, or the preceding taxable year, is a passive foreign investment company. The total amount that can be designated as qualified dividend income by the REIT generally cannot exceed the sum of (1) the REIT’s qualified dividend income for the tax year, (2) the amount of its REIT taxable income and income taxed under the Code Section 337(d) regulations, minus the tax on these items, for the prior year and (3) the amount of any earnings and profits that were distributed by the REIT for the tax year and accumulated in a tax year during which the REIT was not subject to the REIT rules. Distributions in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of such stockholder’s stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares as a return of capital. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a
 
 
 
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 stockholder’s stock, they will be included in income as long-term capital gain (or short-term capital gain if the shares have been held for one year or less), assuming the shares are a capital asset in the hands of the stockholder. In addition, any dividend declared by us in October, November or December of any year payable to a stockholder of record on a specific date in any such month shall be treated as both paid by us and received by the stockholder on December 31 of such year, provided that the dividend is actually paid by us during January of the following calendar year. For purposes of determining what portion of a distribution is attributable to current or accumulated earnings and profits, earnings and profits will first be allocated to distributions made to holders of the shares of preferred stock.  Stockholders may not include in their individual income tax returns any net operating losses or capital losses of ours.
 
In general, any gain or loss realized upon a taxable disposition of shares by a stockholder who is not a dealer in securities will be treated as a long-term capital gain or loss if the shares have been held for more than one year, otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. However, any loss upon a sale or exchange of shares by a stockholder who has held such shares for six months or less (after applying certain holding period rules) generally will be treated as long-term capital loss to the extent of distributions from us required to be treated by such stockholder as long-term capital gain.
 
Distributions that we properly designate as capital gain dividends will be taxable to stockholders as gains (to the extent that they do not exceed our actual net capital gain for the taxable year) from the sale or disposition of a capital asset held for greater than one year. If we designate any portion of a dividend as a capital gain dividend, a U.S. stockholder will receive an Internal Revenue Service Form 1099-DIV indicating the amount that will be taxable to the stockholder as capital gain. However, stockholders that are corporations may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income. A portion of capital gain dividends received by noncorporate taxpayers may be subject to tax at a 25% rate to the extent attributable to certain gains realized on the sale of real property. In addition, noncorporate taxpayers are generally taxed at a maximum rate of 15% (20% for taxable years after 2010) on net long-term capital gain (generally, the excess of net long-term capital gain over net short-term capital loss) attributable to gains realized on the sale of property held for greater than one year.
 
 
We may elect to retain and pay income tax on our long-term capital gains. If we so elect, each stockholder, including tax-exempt stockholders as discussed below, will take into income the stockholder’s share of the retained capital gain as long-term capital gain (except that corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gains dividends as ordinary income) and will receive a credit or refund for that stockholder’s share of the tax paid by us. The stockholder will increase the basis of such stockholder’s shares by an amount equal to the excess of the retained capital gain included in the stockholder’s income over the tax deemed paid by such stockholder.

Distributions we make and gain arising from the sale or exchange by a stockholder of shares of our stock will not be treated as passive activity income, and, as a result, stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive losses” against such income or gain. Distributions we make (to the extent they do not constitute a return of capital) generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of computing the investment interest limitation. Gain arising from the sale or other disposition of our stock (or distributions treated as such) will not be treated as investment income under certain circumstances.
 
Upon any taxable sale or other disposition of our common or preferred stock, a U.S. stockholder will recognize gain or loss for Federal income tax purposes on the disposition of our stock in an amount equal to the difference between:
 
 
·
the amount of cash and the fair market value of any property received on such disposition; and
 
 
·
the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in such stock for tax purposes.
 
Gain or loss will be capital gain or loss if the stock has been held by the U.S. stockholder as a capital asset. The applicable tax rate will depend on the stockholder’s holding period in the asset (generally, if an asset has been held for more than one year it will produce long-term capital gain) and the stockholder’s tax bracket. A U.S. stockholder who is an individual or an estate or trust and who has long-term capital gain or loss will be subject to a
 
 
 
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maximum capital gain rate of 15% (20% for taxable years after 2010).  To the extent that capital gain is realized by a stockholder on the sale of shares, the applicable Treasury Regulations as currently promulgated should not treat any such gain as “unrecaptured Section 1250 gain,” subject to a special rate of tax. However, new provisions or regulations could be promulgated in the future to produce a different result. Stockholders are advised to consult with their own tax advisors with respect to their capital gain tax liability.
 
The treatment we accord to any redemption for cash (as distinguished from a sale, exchange or other disposition) of stock can only be determined on the basis of particular facts as to each stockholder at the time of redemption. In general, a stockholder will recognize capital gain or loss measured by the difference between the amount received by the stockholder upon the redemption and such stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the shares redeemed (provided the shares are held as a capital asset) if such redemption (i) results in a “complete termination” of the stockholder’s interest in all classes of our stock under Code Section 302(b)(3), (ii) is “substantially disproportionate” with respect to the stockholder’s interest in our stock under Code Section 302(b)(2), or (iii) is “not essentially equivalent to a dividend” with respect to the stockholder under Code Section 302(b)(1). In applying these tests, there must be taken into account not only the common and preferred stock owned by the holder, but also any options (including stock purchase rights) to acquire either of the foregoing. The stockholder also must take into account any such securities (including options) which are considered to be owned by such stockholder by reason of the constructive ownership rules set forth in Code Sections 318 and 302(c).
 
If the redemption of stock does not meet any of the tests under Code Section 302, then the redemption proceeds received will be treated as a distribution on the stock. If the redemption is taxed as a dividend, the stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in the redeemed stock will be transferred to any other shares held by the stockholder. If the stockholder owns no other stock of ours, under certain circumstances, such basis may be transferred to a related person, or it may be lost entirely.  Proposed Treasury Regulations have been issued by the Treasury Department which, if issued in their current form, when effective, would prohibit the shifting of basis and would defer the recovery of the stockholder's basis in any of our stock until the conditions described in the preceding paragraph are satisfied.  We urge you to consult your tax advisor concerning the treatment of a cash redemption of stock.

If a redemption of preferred stock that is not otherwise treated as a dividend occurs when there is a dividend arrearage on the preferred stock, a portion of the cash received might be treated as a dividend distribution taxable as ordinary income. If the dividend arrearage has been declared or if the facts show that the corporation was legally obligated to pay the dividend, then the stockholder will have ordinary dividend income to such extent. On the other hand, if the arrearage has not been declared as a dividend and the facts do not show that the corporation was legally obligated to pay the dividend, then, even though the dividend arrearage is included in the redemption price, the entire payment is treated as a part of the sales proceeds of the stock and not as ordinary dividend income.
 
Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders .  Provided that a tax-exempt stockholder has not held our common or preferred stock as “debt-financed property” within the meaning of the Code, the dividend income from us will not be unrelated business taxable income, referred to as UBTI, to a tax-exempt stockholder. Similarly, income from the sale of stock will not constitute UBTI unless the tax-exempt stockholder has held its stock as debt-financed property within the meaning of the Code or has used the stock in a trade or business. However, for a tax-exempt stockholder that is a social club, voluntary employee benefit association, supplemental unemployment benefit trust, or qualified group legal services plan exempt from Federal income taxation under Code Sections 501(c)(7), (c)(9), (c)(17) and (c)(20), respectively, or a single parent title-holding corporation exempt under Section 501(c)(2) the income of which is payable to any of the aforementioned tax-exempt organizations, income from an investment in us will constitute UBTI unless the organization properly sets aside or reserves such amounts for purposes specified in the Code. These tax exempt stockholders should consult their own tax advisors concerning these “set aside” and reserve requirements.
 
A “qualified trust” (defined to be any trust described in Code Section 401(a) and exempt from tax under Code Section 501(a)) that holds more than 10% of the value of the shares of a REIT may be required, under certain circumstances, to treat a portion of distributions from the REIT as UBTI. This requirement will apply for a taxable year only if (i) the REIT satisfies the requirement that not more than 50% of the value of its shares be held by five or fewer individuals (the “five or fewer requirement”) only by relying on a special “look-through” rule under which
 
 
 
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shares held by qualified trust stockholders are treated as held by the beneficiaries of such trusts in proportion to their actuarial interests therein; and (ii) the REIT is “predominantly held” by qualified trusts. A REIT is “predominantly held” by qualified trusts if either (i) a single qualified trust holds more than 25% of the value of the REIT shares, or (ii) one or more qualified trusts, each owning more than 10% of the value of the REIT shares, hold in the aggregate more than 50% of the value of the REIT shares. If the foregoing requirements are met, the percentage of any REIT dividend treated as UBTI to a qualified trust that owns more than 10% of the value of the REIT shares is equal to the ratio of (i) the UBTI earned by the REIT (computed as if the REIT were a qualified trust and therefore subject to tax on its UBTI) to (ii) the total gross income (less certain associated expenses) of the REIT for the year in which the dividends are paid. A de minimis exception applies where the ratio set forth in the preceding sentence is less than 5% for any year.
 
The provisions requiring qualified trusts to treat a portion of REIT distributions as UBTI will not apply if the REIT is able to satisfy the “five or fewer” requirement without relying on the “look-through” rule. The restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock in our charter should prevent application of the foregoing provisions to qualified trusts purchasing our stock, absent a waiver of the restrictions by the board of directors.
 
 
As discussed above in relation to taxable U.S. stockholders, we may elect to retain and pay income tax on our long-term capital gains. If we so elect, each stockholder, including tax-exempt stockholders, will take into income the stockholder’s share of the retained capital gain as long-term capital gain (except that corporate stockholders may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gains dividends as ordinary income) and will receive a credit or refund for that stockholder’s share of the tax paid by us. The stockholder will increase the basis of such stockholder’s shares by an amount equal to the excess of the retained capital gain included in the stockholder’s income over the tax deemed paid by such stockholder.

Taxation of Holders of Debt Securities .
 
Stated interest and market discount. Holders of debt securities will be required to include stated interest on the debt securities in gross income for federal income tax purposes in accordance with their methods of accounting for tax purposes. This discussion assumes that the debt securities were not issued with original issue discount.
 
Purchasers of debt securities should be aware that the holding and disposition of debt securities may be affected by the market discount provisions of the Code. These rules generally provide that if a holder of a debt instrument purchases it at a market discount and subsequently recognizes gain on a disposition of the debt instrument, including a gift or payment on maturity, the lesser of such gain or appreciation, in the case of a gift, and the portion of the market discount that accrued while the debt instrument was held by such holder will be treated as ordinary interest income at the time of the disposition. For this purpose, a purchase at a market discount includes a purchase after original issuance at a price below the debt instrument’s stated principal amount. The market discount rules also provide that a holder who acquires a debt instrument at a market discount and who does not elect to include such market discount in income on a current basis may be required to defer a portion of any interest expense that may otherwise be deductible on any indebtedness incurred or maintained to purchase or carry such debt instrument until the holder disposes of the debt instrument in a taxable transaction.
 
A holder of a debt instrument acquired at a market discount may elect to include the market discount in income as the discount thereon accrues, either on a straight line basis or, if elected, on a constant interest rate basis. The current inclusion election, once made, applies to all market discount obligations acquired by such holder on or after the first day of the first taxable year to which the election applies and may not be revoked without the consent of the Internal Revenue Service. If a holder of a debt security elects to include market discount in income in accordance with the preceding sentence, the foregoing rules with respect to the recognition of ordinary income on a sale or particular other dispositions of such debt security and the deferral of interest deductions on indebtedness related to such debt security would not apply.
 
Amortizable bond premium. Generally, if the tax basis of an obligation held as a capital asset exceeds the amount payable at maturity of the obligation, such excess may constitute amortizable bond premium that the holder
 
 
 
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 may elect to amortize under the constant interest rate method and deduct the amortized premium over the period from the holder’s acquisition date to the obligation’s maturity date. A holder who elects to amortize bond premium must reduce the tax basis in the related obligation by the amount of the aggregate deductions allowable for amortizable bond premium.
 
The amortizable bond premium deduction is treated as an offset to interest income on the related security for federal income tax purposes. Each prospective purchaser is urged to consult his tax advisor as to the consequences of the treatment of such premium as an offset to interest income for federal income tax purposes.
 
Disposition. In general, a holder of a debt security will recognize gain or loss upon the sale, exchange, redemption, payment upon maturity or other taxable disposition of the debt security. The gain or loss is measured by the difference between (a) the amount of cash and the fair market value of property received and (b) the holder’s tax basis in the debt security as increased by any market discount previously included in income by the holder and decreased by any amortizable bond premium deducted over the term of the debt security. However, the amount of cash and the fair market value received excludes cash or other property attributable to the payment of accrued interest not previously included in income, which amount will be taxable as ordinary income. Subject to the market discount and amortizable bond premium rules above, any such gain or loss will generally be long-term capital gain or loss, provided the debt security was a capital asset in the hands of the holder and had been held for more than one year.
 
Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders .  The rules governing United States Federal income taxation of nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships and other foreign stockholders (which we refer to collectively as Non-U.S. stockholders) are complex, and no attempt will be made herein to provide more than a limited summary of such rules. The discussion does not consider any specific facts or circumstances that may apply to a particular Non-U.S. stockholder. Prospective Non-U.S. stockholders should consult with their own tax advisors to determine the impact of United States Federal, state and local income tax laws with regard to an investment in our common or preferred stock, including any reporting requirements.
 
Distributions that are not attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property interests and not designated by us as capital gain dividends or retained capital gains will be treated as dividends of ordinary income to the extent that they are made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. Such distributions ordinarily will be subject to a withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution unless an applicable tax treaty reduces such rate or eliminates the tax. However, if income from the investment in our stock is treated as effectively connected with the Non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a United States trade or business, the Non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to a tax at graduated rates in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed with respect to such dividends (and may also be subject to a branch profits tax of up to 30% if the stockholder is a foreign corporation). We expect to withhold United States federal income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any dividends paid to a Non-U.S. stockholder that are not designated as capital gain dividends, unless (i) a lower treaty rate applies and the Non-U.S. stockholder files with us an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8BEN evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate or (ii) the Non-U.S. stockholder files an Internal Revenue Service Form W-8ECI with us claiming that the distribution is income treated as effectively connected to a United States trade or business.
 
Distributions in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits will not be taxable to a stockholder to the extent that they do not exceed the adjusted basis of the stockholder’s stock, but rather will reduce the adjusted basis of such shares. To the extent that such distributions exceed the adjusted basis of a Non-U.S. stockholder’s shares, they will give rise to tax liability if the Non-U.S. stockholder would otherwise be subject to tax on any gain from the sale or disposition of his or her stock as described below. We may be required to withhold United States federal income tax at the rate of at least 10% on distributions to Non-U.S. stockholders that are not paid out of current or accumulated earnings and profits unless the Non-U.S. stockholders provide us with withholding certificates evidencing their exemption from withholding tax. If it cannot be determined at the time that such a distribution is made whether or not such distribution will be in excess of current and accumulated earnings and profits, the distribution will be subject to withholding at the rate applicable to dividends. However, the Non-U.S. stockholder may seek a refund of such amounts from the Internal Revenue Service if it is subsequently determined that such distribution was, in fact, in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits.
 

 
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Although the law is not clear on the matter, if we elect to retain and pay income tax on our long-term capital gains, it appears that amounts we designate as retained capital gains in respect of stock held by Non-U.S. stockholders generally should be treated with respect to Non-U.S. stockholders in the same manner as our actual distributions of capital gain dividends. Under this approach, a Non-U.S. stockholder would be able to offset as a credit against its United States federal income tax liability its proportionate share of the tax treated as paid by it on such retained capital gains, and to receive from the Internal Revenue Service a refund to the extent its proportionate share of such tax treated as paid by it exceeds its actual United States federal income tax liability.

For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, distributions that are attributable to gain from sales or exchanges by us of United States real property interests will be taxed to a Non-U.S. stockholder under the provisions of the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980 (“FIRPTA”). Under FIRPTA, these distributions generally are taxed to a Non-U.S. stockholder as if such gain were effectively connected with a United States business. Thus, Non-U.S. stockholders will be taxed on such distributions at the normal capital gain rates applicable to U.S. stockholders (subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals). Also, distributions subject to FIRPTA may be subject to a 30% branch profits tax in the hands of a corporate Non-U.S. stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption. We are required by applicable Treasury Regulations to withhold 35% of any distribution that could be designated by us as a capital gain dividend. This amount is creditable against the Non-U.S. stockholder’s FIRPTA tax liability. Effective for taxable years beginning after October 22, 2004, however, REIT distributions attributable to gain from sales or exchanges of United States real property interests will be treated as ordinary income dividends rather than effectively connected income under the FIRPTA rules if (1) the distribution is received with respect to a class of stock that is regularly traded on an established securities market located in the United States and (2) the foreign investor does not own more than 5% of the class of stock at any time during the taxable year within which the distribution is received.
 
Gain recognized by a Non-U.S. stockholder upon the sale or exchange of our stock generally would not be subject to United States federal income taxation unless:
 
 
·
the investment in our stock is effectively connected with the Non-U.S. stockholder’s United States trade or business, in which case the Non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as domestic stockholders with respect to any gain;
 
 
·
the Non-U.S. stockholder is a non-resident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a tax home in the United States, in which case the non-resident alien individual will be subject to a 30% tax on the individual’s net capital gains for the taxable year; or
 
 
·
our stock constitutes a United States real property interest within the meaning of FIRPTA, as described below.
 
Our stock will not constitute a United States real property interest if we are a domestically-controlled REIT. We will be a domestically-controlled REIT if, at all times during a specified testing period, less than 50% in value of our stock is held directly or indirectly by Non-U.S. stockholders.
 
We believe that, currently, we are a domestically controlled REIT and, therefore, that the sale of our stock would not be subject to taxation under FIRPTA. Because our stock is publicly traded, however, we cannot guarantee that we are or will continue to be a domestically-controlled REIT.
 
Even if we do not qualify as a domestically-controlled REIT at the time a Non-U.S. stockholder sells our stock, gain arising from the sale still would not be subject to FIRPTA tax if:
 
·            the class or series of shares sold is considered regularly traded under applicable Treasury Regulations on an established securities market, such as the NYSE; and
 

 
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·
the selling Non-U.S. stockholder owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less in value of the outstanding class or series of stock being sold throughout the five-year period ending on the date of the sale or exchange.
 
If gain on the sale or exchange of our stock were subject to taxation under FIRPTA, the Non-U.S. stockholder would be subject to regular United States federal income tax with respect to any gain in the same manner as a taxable U.S. stockholder, subject to any applicable alternative minimum tax and special alternative minimum tax in the case of non-resident alien individuals.
 
State and Local Taxes .  We and our stockholders may be subject to state or local taxation in various state or local jurisdictions, including those in which we or our stockholders transact business or reside (although U.S. stockholders who are individuals generally should not be required to file state income tax returns outside of their state of residence with respect to our operations and distributions). The state and local tax treatment of us and our stockholders may not conform to the United States federal income tax consequences discussed above. Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our stock.
 
Backup Withholding Tax and Information Reporting

U.S. Stockholders .  In general, information-reporting requirements will apply to certain U.S. stockholders with regard to payments of dividends on our stock and payments of the proceeds of the sale of our stock, unless an exception applies.
 
The payor will be required to withhold tax on such payments at the rate of 28% (31% for taxable years after 2010) if (i) the payee fails to furnish a taxpayer identification number, or TIN, to the payor or to establish an exemption from backup withholding, or (ii) the Internal Revenue Service notifies the payor that the TIN furnished by the payor is incorrect.
 
In addition, a payor of dividends on our stock will be required to withhold tax at a rate of 28% (31% for taxable years after 2010) if (i) there has been a notified payee under-reporting with respect to interest, dividends or original issue discount described in Section 3406(c) of the Code, or (ii) there has been a failure of the payee to certify under the penalty of perjury that the payee is not subject to backup withholding under the Code.
 
Some stockholders, including corporations, may be exempt from backup withholding. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules from a payment to a stockholder will be allowed as a credit against the stockholder’s United States federal income tax and may entitle the stockholder to a refund, provided that the required information is furnished to the Internal Revenue Service.
 
Non-U.S. Stockholders .  Generally, information reporting will apply to payments of dividends on our stock and backup withholding as described above for a U.S. stockholder, unless the payee certifies that it is not a United States person or otherwise establishes an exemption.
 
The payment of the proceeds from the disposition of our stock to or through the United States office of a United States or foreign broker will be subject to information reporting and backup withholding as described above for U.S. stockholders unless the non-U.S. stockholder satisfies the requirements necessary to be an exempt non-U.S. stockholder or otherwise qualifies for an exemption. The proceeds of a disposition by a non-U.S. stockholder to or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, if the broker is a United States person, a controlled foreign corporation for United States tax purposes, a foreign person 50% or more of whose gross income from all sources for specified periods is from activities that are effectively connected with a United States trade or business, a foreign partnership if partners who hold more than 50% of the interests in the partnership are United States persons, or a foreign partnership that is engaged in the conduct of a trade or business in the United States, then information reporting generally will apply as though the payment was made through a United States office of a United States or foreign broker.
 

 
40

 

 
Applicable Treasury Regulations provide presumptions regarding the status of stockholders when payments to the stockholders cannot be reliably associated with appropriate documentation provided to the payor. Under these Treasury Regulations, some stockholders are required to provide new certifications with respect to payments made after December 31, 2000. Because the application of these Treasury Regulations varies depending on the stockholder’s particular circumstances, you are advised to consult your tax advisor regarding the information reporting requirements applicable to you.
 

PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

 
We may sell our securities to one or more underwriters for public offer and sale by them or may sell securities offered hereby to the public, to a limited number of institutional purchasers or to a single purchaser, directly or through dealers or agents or through a combination of methods. Any underwriter, dealer or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement.  We intend to apply to the Nasdaq Global Select Market to list any additional shares of preferred or common stock offered pursuant to any prospectus supplement, and we anticipate that such shares will be so listed.
 
The distribution of the securities may be effected from time to time in one or more transactions at a fixed price, which may be changed, market prices prevailing at the time of sale, prices related to the prevailing market prices at the time of sale or negotiated prices. We also may, from time to time, authorize underwriters acting as our agents to offer and sell the securities upon the terms and conditions as are set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. In connection with the sale of securities, underwriters may be deemed to have received compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters and/or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agent.
 
Any underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of securities and any discounts, concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions, under the Securities Act. Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act.
 
 
To facilitate the offering of the securities, certain persons participating in the offering may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the price of the securities. This may include over-allotments or short sales of the securities, which involves the sale by persons participating in the offering of more securities than we sold to them. In these circumstances, these persons would cover the over-allotments or s hort positions by making purchases in the open market or by exercising their over-allotment option. In addition, these persons may stabilize or maintain the price of the securities by bidding for or purchasing securities in the open market or by imposing penalty bids, whereby selling concessions allowed to dealers participating in the offering may be reclaimed if securities sold by them are repurchased in connection with stabilization transactions. The effect of these transaction s may be to stabilize or maintain the market price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. These transactions may be discontinued at any time.
 
If so indicated in the applicable prospectus supplement, we may authorize the underwriters, dealers or other persons acting as our agents to solicit offers by certain institutions to purchase securities from us at the public offering price set forth in that prospectus supplement pursuant to delayed delivery contracts providing for payment and delivery on the date or dates stated in such prospectus supplement. Each contract will be for an amount not less than, and the aggregate principal amount of securities sold pursuant to contracts will not be less than nor greater than, the respective amounts stated in the applicable prospectus supplement. Institutions with whom contracts, when authorized, may be made include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions, and other institutions but will in all cases be subject to the approval of us. Contracts may be subject to any conditions including (i) the purchase by an institution of the
 

 
41

 

securities covered by its contract will not at the time of delivery be prohibited under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States to which such institution is subject; and (ii) if the securities are being sold to underwriters, we have sold to such underwriters the total principal amount of the securities less the principal amount thereof covered by the contracts.
 
Some of the underwriters and their affiliates may be customers of, engage in transactions with and perform services for us in the ordinary course of business for which they receive compensation.
 
LEGAL MATTERS

The legality of the securities has been passed upon for us by Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP. The discussion of legal matters under “Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” is based upon an opinion of Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP.
 

The consolidated financial statements and schedules of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation as of and for the year ended September 30, 2008, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2008, have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the report of PKF, Certified Public Accountants, A Professional Corporation, independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
The consolidated financial statements and schedules of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation as of September 30, 2007 and for each of the years in the two-year period ended September 30, 2007, included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended September 30, 2008, have been incorporated by reference herein in reliance upon the report of Reznick Group, P.C., independent registered public accounting firm, incorporated by reference herein, and upon the authority of said firm as experts in accounting and auditing.
 
WHER E YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

 
We have filed with the SEC a shelf registration statement under the Securities Act with respect to the securities offered hereunder. As permitted by the rules and regulations of the SEC, this prospectus does not contain all the information set forth in the registration statement. For further information regarding our Company and our securities, please refer to the registration statement and the contracts, agreements and other documents filed as exhibits to the registration statement. Additionally, we file annual, quarterly and special reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC.
 
You may read and copy all or any portion of the registration statement or any other materials that we file with the SEC at the SEC’s Public Reference Room at 100 F Street, N.E., Washington, D.C. 20549. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for further information on the operation of the public reference rooms. Our SEC filings, including the registration statement, are also available to you on the SEC’s website (http://www.sec.gov). We also have a website (www.mreic.com) through which you may access our recent SEC filings. Information contained on our website is not a part of this prospectus. In addition, you may look at our SEC filings at the offices of the NASDAQ Stock Market, Inc., which is located at 1500 Broadway, New York, New York 10036. Our SEC filings are available at the NASDAQ because our common stock and preferred stock are listed and traded on the Nasdaq Global Select Market under the respective symbols “MNRTA” and “MNRTP.”
 
INCORP ORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information contained in documents that we file with them. That means we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus, and information that we later file with the SEC will automatically update and supersede this information.
 

 
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We incorporate by reference the documents listed below and any future filings we make with the SEC pursuant to Sections 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, until we sell all the securities offered by this prospectus.
 
 
·
Our Annual Report on Form 10-K, as filed with the SEC on December 11, 2008.
 
 
·
Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on February 5, 2009.
 
 
·
Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on May 7, 2009.
 
 
·
Our Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q, as filed with the SEC on August 6, 2009.
 
 
·
All other reports filed pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, since September 30, 2008, except for information furnished under Current Reports on Form 8-K, which is  not deemed filed and not incorporated herein by reference.
 
 
·
The description of our common stock which is contained in a registration statement filed under the Exchange Act, including any amendment or reports filed for the purpose of updating such description.
 
You may request a free copy of these filings (other than exhibits, unless they are specifically incorporated by reference in the documents) by writing or telephoning us at the following address and telephone number:
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation
Attention: Stockholder Relations
3499 Route 9 N, Suite 3-C
Juniper Business Plaza
Freehold, NJ 07728
(732) 577-9996

 

 
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PART II

INFORMATION NOT REQUIRED IN PROSPECTUS

Item 14. Other Expenses of Issuance and Distribution

The following is an itemized statement of estimated expenses to be paid by the Registrant in connection with the issuance and sale of the securities being registered.
 
Securities and Exchange Commission registration fee
  $ 5,580  
Stock exchange listing fees
    35,000 *
Accounting fees and expenses
    8,500 *
Printing fees
    5,000 *
Legal fees and expenses
    40,000 *
Transfer agent, registrar and trustee fees
    8,000 *
Miscellaneous
    5,000 *
Total
  $ 107,080 *

* Estimated

 
Item 15. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.

Monmouth Real Estate Investment Company (the “Company”) is organized in the State of Maryland. The Maryland General Corporation Law (“MGCL”) permits a corporation to include in its charter a provision limiting the liability of its directors and officers to the corporation and its stockholders for money damages, but not for liability resulting from (i) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (ii) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and which is material to the cause of action.

The MGCL requires a Maryland corporation (unless its charter provides otherwise, which ours does not) to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a Maryland corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that (i) the act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and (a) was committed in bad faith or (b) was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty, (ii) the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services or (iii) in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

A court may order indemnification if it determines that the director or officer is fairly and reasonably entitled to indemnification, even though the director or officer did not meet the prescribed standard of conduct or was adjudged liable on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received. However, indemnification for an adverse judgment in a suit by the corporation or in its right, or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, is limited to expenses.

In addition, Maryland law permits a Maryland corporation to advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon receipt of (a) a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Company and (b) a written undertaking by him or her on his or her behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the Company if it is ultimately determined that the standard of conduct was not met.
 
The Company’s charter requires it, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law as in effect from time to time, to indemnify and advance expenses to its directors and officers, whether serving the Company or at its request any other entity, who were or are parties or are threatened to be made parties to any threatened or actual suit, investigation or other proceeding, including administrative actions, as a result of their status or actions as directors
 

 
44

 

or officers of the Company.  The Company's charter authorizes it to provide the same indemnification and advancement of expenses to employees and agents of the Company.
 
These provisions of the Company’s charter may limit the remedies available to our stockholders if a director or officer of the Company breaches his, her or its duties to the Company. Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers or persons controlling the Company pursuant to the foregoing provisions, the Company has been informed that, in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission, such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is therefore unenforceable.

The Company has entered into indemnification agreements with its directors and certain officers which generally provide that the Company is required to indemnify any director or officer who was, is or becomes a party to or witness or other participant in: (i) any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding in which such director or officer may be or may have been involved, as a party or otherwise, by reason of the fact that the director or officer was acting in his or her capacity as a director or officer of the Company; and (ii) any inquiry, hearing or investigation that such director or officer in good faith believes might lead to the institution of any such action, suit or proceeding against any and all expenses, to the fullest extent permitted by law.

 
2

 

Item 16. Exhibits.

The Exhibit Index appearing after the signature pages below is incorporated herein by reference.


Item 17. Undertakings.

The Registrant hereby undertakes:
 
1.           To file, during any period in which offers or sales are being made, a post-effective amendment to this registration statement:
 
(i)           To include any prospectus required by Section 10(a)(3) of the Securities Act;
 
(ii)           To reflect in the prospectus any facts or events arising after the effective date of the registration statement (or the most recent post-effective amendment thereof) which, individually or in the aggregate, represent a fundamental change in the information set forth in the registration statement. Notwithstanding the foregoing, any increase or decrease in volume of securities offered (if the total dollar value of securities offered would not exceed that which was registered) and any deviation from the low or high end of the estimated maximum offering range may be reflected in the form of prospectus filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(b) if, in the aggregate, the changes in volume and price represent no more than 20% change in the maximum aggregate offering price set forth in the “Calculation of Registration Fee” table in the effective registration statement; and
 
(iii)            To include any material information with respect to the plan of distribution not previously disclosed in the registration statement or any material change to such information in the registration statement;
 
Provided, however , that paragraphs (1)(i), (1)(ii), and (1)(iii) do not apply if the registration statement is on Form S-3 or Form S-4 and the information required to be included in a post-effective amendment by those paragraphs is contained in reports filed with or furnished to the Commission by the registrant pursuant to section 13 or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 that are incorporated by reference in the registration statement, or is contained in a form of prospectus filed pursuant to Rule 424(b) that is part of the registration statement.
 
2.           That, for the purpose of determining any liability under the Securities Act, each such post-effective amendment shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
3.           To remove from registration by means of a post-effective amendment any of the securities being registered which remain unsold at the termination of the offering.
 
4.           That, for the purpose of determining liability under the Securities Act to any purchaser:
 
(i)           Each prospectus filed by the registrant pursuant to rule 424(b)(3) shall be deemed to be part of the registration statement as of the date the filed prospectus was deemed part of and included in the registration statement; and
 
(ii)           Each prospectus required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424(b)(2), (b)(5), or (b)(7) as part of a registration statement in reliance on Rule 430B relating to an offering made pursuant to Rule 415(a)(1)(i), (vii), or (x) for the purpose of providing the information required by Section 10(a) of the Securities Act shall be deemed to be part of and included in the registration statement as of the earlier of the date such form of prospectus is first used after effectiveness or the date of the first contract of sale of securities in the offering described in the prospectus. As provided in Rule 430B, for liability purposes of the issuer and any person that is at that date an underwriter, such date shall be deemed to be a new effective
 

 
3

 

date of the registration statement relating to the securities in the registration statement to which that prospectus relates, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.   Provided, however , that no statement made in a registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement or made in a document incorporated or deemed incorporated by reference into the registration statement or prospectus that is part of the registration statement will, as to a purchaser with a time of contract of sale prior to such effective date, supersede or modify any statement that was made in the registration statement or prospectus that was part of the registration statement or made in any such document immediately prior to such effective date.
 
5.            That, for the purpose of determining liability of the registrant under the Securities Act to any purchaser in the initial distribution of the securities:  The undersigned registrant undertakes that in a primary offering of securities of the undersigned registrant pursuant to this registration statement, regardless of the underwriting method used to sell the securities to the purchaser, if the securities are offered or sold to such purchaser by means of any of the following communications, the undersigned registrant will be a seller to the purchaser and will be considered to offer or sell such securities to such purchaser:
 
(i)           Any preliminary prospectus or prospectus of the undersigned registrant relating to the offering required to be filed pursuant to Rule 424;
 
(ii)           Any free writing prospectus relating to the offering prepared by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant or used or referred to by the undersigned registrant;
 
(iii)           The portion of any other free writing prospectus relating to the offering containing material information about the undersigned registrant or its securities provided by or on behalf of the undersigned registrant; and
 
(iv)           Any other communication that is an offer in the offering made by the undersigned registrant to the purchaser.
 
6.           The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes that, for purposes of determining liability under the Securities Act, each filing of the registrant’s annual report pursuant to section 13(a) or section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (and, where applicable, each filing of an employee benefit plan’s annual report pursuant to section 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) that is incorporated by reference in the registration statement shall be deemed to be a new registration statement relating to the securities offered therein, and the offering of such securities at that time shall be deemed to be the initial bona fide offering thereof.
 
7.           Insofar as indemnification for liabilities arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to directors, officers and controlling persons of the registrant pursuant to the foregoing provisions, or otherwise, the registrant has been advised that in the opinion of the Securities and Exchange Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable. In the event that a claim for indemnification against such liabilities (other than the payment by the registrant of expenses incurred or paid by a director, officer or controlling person of the registrant in the successful defense of any action, suit or proceeding) is asserted by such director, officer or controlling person in connection with the securities being registered, the registrant will, unless in the opinion of its counsel the matter has been settled by controlling precedent, submit to a court of appropriate jurisdiction the question whether such indemnification by it is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and will be governed by the final adjudication of such issue.
 
8.           The undersigned registrant hereby undertakes to file an application for the purpose of determining the eligibility of the trustee to act under subsection (a) of section 310 of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the rules and regulations prescribed by the Commission under section 305(b)2 of the Trust Indenture Act.
 

 
4

 

Signatures

 
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the registrant certifies that it has reasonable grounds to believe that it meets all the requirements for filing on Form S-3 and has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the Township of Freehold, State of New Jersey on the 1st day of  September, 2009.
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

By:            /s/ EUGENE W. LANDY  
Printed name:  Eugene W. Landy
Title:  Chief Executive Officer, President and Director

POWER OF ATTORNEY
 
KNOW ALL MEN BY THESE PRESENTS, that each person whose signature appears below constitutes and appoints Eugene W. Landy, Anna T. Chew and Cynthia J. Morgenstern, or any of them, his or her true and lawful attorneys-in-fact and agents, with full power of substitution and resubstitution, for him or her and in his or her name, place and stead, in any and all capacities, to sign any and all amendments (including post-effective amendments) to the Registration Statement on Form S-3 and to file the same, with all exhibits thereto, and other documents in connection therewith, with the Securities and Exchange Commission, granting unto said attorneys-in-fact and agents full power and authority to do and perform each and every act and thing requisite and necessary to be done in and about the premises, as fully to all intents and purposes as they might or could do in person, hereby ratifying and confirming all that said attorneys-in-fact and agents, or either of them, or their substitutes, may lawfully do or cause to be done by virtue hereof.

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, this Registration Statement has been signed by the following persons in the capacities indicated on this 1st day of September, 2009.
 

 
/S/ EUGENE W. LANDY
 
/s/ Samuel A. Landy
Eugene W. Landy
Chief Executive Officer,
President and Director
(Principal Executive Officer)
 
 
/s/ Cynthia J. Morgenstern
 
Samuel A. Landy
Director
 
 
 
 
/s/ Scott L. Robinson
Cynthia J. Morgenstern
Executive Vice President and Director
 
 
/s/ Anna T. Chew
 
Scott L. Robinson
Director
 
 
/s/ Eugene Rothenberg
Anna T. Chew
Chief Financial Officer and Director
(Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)
 
 
/s/ Daniel D. Cronheim
Daniel D. Cronheim
Director
 
Eugene Rothenberg
Director
 
 
 
/s/ Stephen B. Wolgin
Stephen B. Wolgin
Director
 
 
5

 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Catherine B. Elflein
 
 
 
 
 
/s/ Joshua Kahr
Catherine B. Elflein
Director
 
 
/s/ Matthew I. Hirsch
 
Joshua Kahr
Director
 
 
/s/ Neal Herstik
Matthew I. Hirsch
Director
 
 
 
/s/ Michael P. Landy
 
Neal Herstik
Director
 
 
 
 
Michael P. Landy
Executive Vice President - Investments and Director
   


 
6

 


Exhibit
Number
Description of Exhibit
Filed herewith:
   
(1.1)
Form of Underwriting Agreement (for Common Stock)**
   
(1.2)
Form of Underwriting Agreement (for Preferred Stock)**
   
(1.3)
Form of Underwriting Agreement (for Debt Securities)**
   
(3.1)
Articles of Incorporation of the Company, as amended.*
   
(3.2)
Bylaws of the Company, as amended.*
   
(4.1) Specimen Common Stock Certificate*
   
(4.2)
Specimen Preferred Stock Certificate (incorporated by reference to the Form 8-A12B filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 1, 2006).  (File No. 001-33177).
   
(4.3)  Form of Preferred Stock Certificate of Designation**
   
(4.4) Form of Senior Indenture*
   
(4.5)
Form of Subordinated Indenture*
   
(4.6)
First Indenture, dated as of October 23, 2003, between Monmouth Capital Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities Exchange Commission on August 2, 2007). (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(4.7)
Indenture, dated as of March 30, 2005, between Monmouth Capital Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities Exchange Commission on August 2, 2007). (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(4.8)
First Supplemental Indenture, dated July 31, 2007, among Monmouth Capital Corporation, Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, to Indenture, dated as of October 23, 2003, between Monmouth Capital Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities Exchange Commission on August 2, 2007). (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(4.9)
First Supplemental Indenture, dated July 31, 2007, among Monmouth Capital Corporation, Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee, to Indenture, dated as of March 30, 2005, between Monmouth Capital Corporation and Wilmington Trust Company, as trustee (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities Exchange Commission on August 2, 2007). (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(5)
Opinion of Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP regarding legality.*
   
(8)
Opinion of Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP regarding certain tax matters.*
   
(10.1)
Employment Agreement with Mr. Eugene W. Landy dated December 9, 1994 (incorporated by reference to Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 28, 1994).
 
 
 
7

 
   
(10.2)
Second Amendment to Employment Agreement with Mr. Eugene W. Landy dated November 5, 2003 (incorporated by reference to the Company’s Definitive Proxy Statement filed with Securities and Exchange Commission on April 1, 2004).  (Registration No. 000-04258).
   
(10.3)
Employment Agreement with Cynthia J. Morgenstern dated January 1, 2007 (incorporated by reference to Form 10-Q filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 9, 2007).  (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(10.4)
Employment Agreement with Maureen E. Vecere dated January 20, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 21, 2009).  (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(10.5)
Employment Agreement with Michael P. Landy dated January 20, 2009 (incorporated by reference to Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on January 21, 2009).  (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(10.6)
Management Agreement with Cronheim Management Services dated August 11, 2006 (incorporated by reference to Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 14, 2006).  (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(10.7)
Third Amendment to Employment Agreement of Eugene W. Landy, dated April 14, 2008.  (incorporated by reference to the 8-K filed by the Registrant with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 16, 2008).  (Registration No. 001-33177).
   
(12)
Computation of Ratio Earnings to Fixed Charges, Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends.*
   
(23.1)
Consent of Reznick Group, P.C.*
   
(23.2)
Consent of PKF, Certified Public Accountants, A Professional Corporation.*
   
(23.3)
Consent of Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP (included in Exhibit 5 and Exhibit 8).
   
(24)
Power of Attorney (included on signature page).
   
(25)
Statement of Eligibility of Trustee for Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act of 1939***
*           Filed herewith.
**         To be incorporated by reference subsequent to the effectiveness of this Registration Statement, pursuant to a Current Report on Form 8-K in connection with the offering of the securities.
***       To be filed pursuant to Rule 305(b)(2) of the Trust Indenture Act.



 

 
8

 


EXHIBIT 3.1 
 
ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
 
OF
 
MREIC MARYLAND, INC.
 
The undersigned, being a natural person and acting as incorporator, does hereby form a business corporation in the State of Maryland, pursuant to the provisions of the Maryland General Corporation Law.
 
ARTICLE I
 
INCORPORATOR
 
The name of the incorporator is Cynthia J. Morgenstern.
 
The incorporator’s address, including the street and number, if any, including the county or municipal area, and including the state or county, is:  Juniper Business Plaza, 3499 Route 9 North, Suite 3-C, Freehold, Monmouth County, New Jersey 07728.
 
The incorporator is at least eighteen years of age.
 
The incorporator is forming the corporation named in these Articles of Incorporation (the “Charter”) under the general laws of the State of Maryland, to wit, the Maryland General Corporation Law.
 
ARTICLE II
 
NAME AND DURATION
 
The name of the corporation is MREIC MARYLAND, INC. (the “Corporation”).  The duration of the Corporation shall be perpetual.
 
ARTICLE III
 
PURPOSES
 
SECTION 1
PURPOSE OF THE CORPORATION
 
(a)            Authorization .  The purposes for which the Corporation is formed are:
 
(i)           To engage in the business of a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) as that term is defined in the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or any successor statute (the “Code”) at any time prior to the occurrence of the Restriction Termination Date, if any, as defined in Article V, Section 2;
 

 
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(ii)           To engage in any lawful act or activity for which corporations may be organized under the general laws of the State of Maryland now or hereafter in force, including the Maryland General Corporation Law, and to do all things and exercise all powers, rights and privileges that a business corporation may now or hereafter be organized or authorized to do or to exercise under the laws of the State of Maryland; and
 
(iii)           To engage in any one or more businesses or transactions, or to acquire all or any portion of any entity engaged in any one or more businesses which the Board of Directors may from time to time authorize or approve, whether or not related to the business described elsewhere in this Article III or to any other business at the time or theretofore engaged in by the Corporation.
 
(b)            General .  The foregoing enumerated purposes and objects shall be in no way limited or restricted by reference to, or inference from, the terms of any other clause of this or any other Article of this Charter, and each shall be regarded as independent; and they are intended to be and shall be construed as powers as well as purposes and objects of the Corporation and shall be in addition to and not in limitation of the general powers of corporations under the general laws of the State of Maryland, including the Maryland General Corporation Law.
 
ARTICLE IV
 
PRINCIPAL OFFICE IN MARYLAND
 
AND RESIDENT AGENT
 
The present address of the principal office of the Corporation in the State of Maryland is 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland  21202.  The name and address of the resident agent of the Corporation in the State of Maryland are The Corporation Trust Incorporated, 300 East Lombard Street, Baltimore, Maryland  21202.
 
ARTICLE V
 
CAPITAL STOCK
 
SECTION 1
AUTHORIZED CAPITAL STOCK.
 
(a)            Authorized Shares .  The total number of shares of capital stock of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue is 25,000,000, initially classified as 20,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Common Stock”), and 5,000,000 shares of excess stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Excess Stock”).
 
The aggregate par value of all authorized shares of stock having par value is initially $250,000.  If shares of one class of stock are classified or reclassified into shares of another class of stock pursuant to this Article V, the number of authorized shares of the former class shall be automatically decreased and the number of shares of the latter class shall be automatically increased, in each case by the number of shares so classified or reclassified, so that the aggregate number of shares
 

 
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of stock of all classes that the Corporation has authority to issue shall not be more than the total number of shares of stock set forth in the first sentence of the prior paragraph.
 
A majority of the entire Board of Directors, without action by the stockholders, may amend the Charter to increase or decrease the aggregate number of authorized shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class that the Corporation has authority to issue.
 
The Common Stock and the Excess Stock shall each constitute separate classes of capital stock of the Corporation.
 
(b)            Terminology .  All classes of capital stock except Excess Stock are referred to herein as “Equity Stock;” all classes of capital stock including Excess Stock are referred to herein as “Stock.”
 
SECTION 2
REIT-RELATED RESTRICTIONS AND LIMITATIONS ON THE EQUITY STOCK.
 
Until the “Restriction Termination Date,” as defined below, all Equity Stock shall be subject to the following restrictions and limitations intended to preserve the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
(a)            Definitions .  As used in this Article V, the following terms shall have the indicated meanings:
 
“Beneficial Ownership” or “Beneficially Own” shall mean ownership of Equity Stock by a Person who would be treated as an owner of such Equity Stock either directly or constructively through the application of Section 544 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(h)(1)(B) of the Code.  The terms “Beneficial Ownership” and “Beneficially Own” and “Beneficially Owned” and “Beneficial Owner” shall have the correlative meanings.
 
“Beneficiary” shall mean a beneficiary of the Trust as determined pursuant to Section 5(f) of this Article V.
 
“Charitable Beneficiary” shall mean one or more beneficiaries of the Trust as determined pursuant to Section 5(b)(ii) of this Article V, provided that each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
 
“Constructive Ownership” or “Constructively Own” shall mean ownership of Equity Stock by a Person who would be treated as an owner of such Equity Stock either directly or indirectly through the application of Section 318 of the Code, as modified by Section 856(d)(5) of the Code.  The terms “Constructive Ownership” and “Constructively Own,” “Constructively Owned” and “Constructive Owner” shall have the correlative meanings.
 

 
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“Market Price” shall mean the last reported sales price reported on the Nasdaq Stock Market (“NASDAQ”), of Equity Stock on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant date, or if not then traded on NASDAQ, the last reported sales price of Equity Stock on the trading day immediately preceding the relevant date as reported on any exchange or quotation system over which Equity Stock may be traded, or if not then traded over any exchange or quotation system, then the market price of Equity Stock on the relevant date as determined in good faith by the Board of Directors of the Corporation.
 
“Ownership Limit” shall mean 9.8% in value or in number of shares of the outstanding Equity Stock, whichever is more restrictive.  The number and value of the Equity Stock of the Corporation shall be determined by the Board of Directors in good faith, which determination shall be conclusive for all purposes.
 
“Person” shall mean an individual, corporation, limited liability company, partnership, estate, trust (including a trust qualified under Section 401(a) or 501(c)(17) of the Code), a portion of a trust permanently set aside for or to be used exclusively for the purposes described in Section 642(c) of the Code, association, private foundation within the meaning of Section 509(a) of the Code, joint stock company or other entity and also includes a group as that term is used for purposes of Section 13(d)(3) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
“Purported Beneficial Transferee” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer that results in Excess Stock as described below in Section 5 of this Article V, the purported beneficial transferee for whom the Purported Record Transferee would have acquired Equity Stock if such Transfer had been valid under Section 2(b) of this Article V.
 
“Purported Record Transferee” shall mean, with respect to any purported Transfer which results in Excess Stock, the Person who would have been the record holder of Equity Stock if such Transfer had been valid under Section 2(b) of this Article V.
 
“Restriction Termination Date” shall mean the effective date, if any, for revocation or termination of the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code, as specified in a resolution of the Board of Directors of the Corporation determining that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to attempt to, or continue to, qualify as a REIT.  If no such effective date is specified in such resolution, the Restriction Termination Date shall be the date such revocation or termination otherwise becomes effective.
 
“Transfer” shall mean any sale, transfer, gift, assignment, devise or other disposition of Equity Stock (including (i) the granting of any option or entering into any agreement for the sale, transfer or other disposition of Equity Stock or (ii) the sale, transfer, assignment or other disposition of any securities or rights convertible into or exchangeable for Equity Stock), whether voluntary or involuntary, whether of record beneficially or constructively (including but not limited to transfers of interests in other entities that result in changes in Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership of
 

 
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Equity Stock), and whether by operation of law or otherwise.  The terms “Transfers” and “Transferred” shall have the correlative meanings.
 
“Trust” shall mean the trust created pursuant to Section 5(b) of this Article V.
 
“Trustee” shall mean any Person that is unaffiliated with the Corporation, the Purported Beneficial Transferee, and the Purported Record Transferee, that the Corporation appoints to serve as trustee pursuant to Section 5 of this Article V.
 
(b)            Ownership Limitation and Transfer Restrictions with Respect to Equity Stock .
 
(i)           Except as provided in Section 2(f) of this Article V, prior to the Restriction Termination Date, no Person shall Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Equity Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit.
 
(ii)           Except as provided in Section 2(f) of this Article V, prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer that, if effective, would result in any Person Beneficially Owning or Constructively Owning Equity Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of such Equity Stock that would be otherwise Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned (as the case may be) by such Person in excess of the Ownership Limit; and the Purported Record Transferee (and the Purported Beneficial Transferee, if different) shall acquire no rights in such excess shares of Equity Stock.
 
(iii)           Except as provided in Section 2(f) of this Article V, prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer that, if effective, would result in the outstanding Equity Stock being Beneficially Owned by less than 100 Persons (determined under the principles of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code) shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of such Equity Stock that would be otherwise Beneficially Owned by the transferee; and the Purported Record Transferee (and the Purported Beneficial Transferee, if different) shall acquire no rights in such shares of Equity Stock.
 
(iv)           Prior to the Restriction Termination Date, any Transfer that, if effective, would result in the Corporation being “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code, or would otherwise result in the Corporation failing to qualify as a REIT, shall be void ab initio as to the Transfer of the shares of Equity Stock that would cause the Corporation to be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise to fail to qualify as a REIT, as the case may be; and the Purported Record Transferee (and the Purported Beneficial Transferee, if different) shall acquire no rights in such shares of Equity Stock.
 
(v)           If the Board of Directors or its designee shall at any time determine in good faith that a Transfer of Equity Stock has taken place in violation of this Section 2(b) or that a Person intends to acquire or has attempted to acquire Beneficial Ownership (determined without reference to any rules of attribution) or
 

 
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Constructive Ownership of any Equity Stock of the Corporation in violation of this Section 2(b), the Board of Directors or its designee shall take such action as it deems advisable to refuse to give effect to or to prevent such Transfer, including but not limited to, refusing to give effect to such Transfer on the books of the Corporation or instituting proceedings to enjoin such Transfer; provided, however, that any Transfers or attempted Transfers in violation of Section 2(b)(ii) , Section 2(b)(iii) or Section 2(b)(iv) of this Article V shall automatically result in the conversion and exchange described in Section 2(c), irrespective of any action (or non-action) by the Board of Directors, except as provided in Section 2(f) of this Article V.
 
(c)            Automatic Conversion of Equity Stock into Excess Stock .  Subject to Section 5(a) of this Article V below:
 
(i)           If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in this Article V, at any time prior to the Restriction Termination Date there is a purported Transfer or other change in the capital structure of the Corporation such that any Person would Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Equity Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit, then, except as otherwise provided in Section 2(f) of this Article V, such shares of Equity Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall automatically (and without action by the Corporation or by any purported Transferor, Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee of such Equity Stock, in the case of a Transfer) be converted into and exchanged for an equal number of shares of Excess Stock.  Such conversion and exchange shall be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the purported Transfer or change in capital structure.  The shares of Equity Stock converted into and exchanged for Excess Stock shall be cancelled and deemed to be shares of authorized and unissued Equity Stock of the same class as such stock had been immediately prior to it becoming Excess Stock.
 
(ii)           If, notwithstanding the other provisions contained in this Article V, at any time prior to the Restriction Termination Date there is a purported Transfer or other change in the capital structure of the Corporation that, if effective, would result in the outstanding Equity Stock being owned beneficially by less than 100 persons (as determined under the principals of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code), or would cause the Corporation to become “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or would otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT, then the shares of Equity Stock being Transferred, or resulting from any other change in the capital structure of the Corporation, that would result in the outstanding Equity Stock being owned beneficially by less than 100 persons (as determined under the principals of Section 856(a)(5) of the Code), or would cause the Corporation to be “closely held” within the meaning of Section 856(h) of the Code or would otherwise cause the Corporation to fail to qualify as a REIT, as the case may be, (rounded up to the nearest whole share) shall automatically (and without any action by the Corporation or by any purported Transferor, Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial
 

 
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Transferee of such Equity Stock, in the case of a Transfer) be converted into and exchanged for an equal number of shares of Excess Stock.  Such conversion and exchange shall be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the purported Transfer or change in capital structure.  The shares of Equity Stock converted into and exchanged for Excess Stock shall be cancelled and deemed to be shares of authorized and unissued Equity Stock of the same class as such stock had been immediately prior to it becoming Excess Stock.
 
(d)            The Corporation’s Right to Redeem Stock .  The Corporation shall have the right to redeem any Stock that is Transferred, or is attempted to be Transferred, in violation of Section 2(b) of this Article V, or which has become shares of Excess Stock as provided in Section 2(c) of this Article V, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price per share in the transaction that created such violation or attempted violation (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price of the class of Equity Stock to which such shares of Excess Stock relate on the date the Corporation, or its designee, gives notice of such redemption.  The Corporation shall have the right to redeem any Stock described in this Section for a period of 90 days after the later of (i) the date of the Transfer or attempted Transfer or (ii) the date the Board of Directors determines in good faith that a Transfer has occurred, if the Corporation does not receive a notice of such Transfer pursuant to Section 2(e) of this Article V.
 
(e)            Notice Requirements and General Authority of the Board of Directors to Implement REIT-Related Restrictions and Limitations .
 
(i)           Any Person who acquires or attempts to acquire shares of Equity Stock in violation of Section 2(b) of this Article V, and any Person who is a Purported Record Transferee or a Purported Beneficial Transferee such that Equity Stock proposed to be acquired is converted into Excess Stock under Section 2(c) of this Article V, shall immediately give written notice or in the event of a proposed or attempted Transfer, give at least 15 days’ prior written notice to the Corporation of such event and shall provide to the Corporation such other information as the Corporation may request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Transfer or attempted Transfer on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
(ii)           Prior to the Restriction Termination Date, every Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner of more than 5.0% (or such other percentage, between 0.5% and 5.0%, as provided in the income tax regulations promulgated under the Code) of the number or value of outstanding Equity Stock of the Corporation shall, within 30 days after September 30 of each year, give written notice to the Corporation stating the name and address of such Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner, the number of shares of Equity Stock Beneficially Owned or Constructively Owned as of each dividend record date within the preceding fiscal year, and a description of how such shares are held.  Each such Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation the additional information
 

 
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that the Corporation may reasonably request in order to determine the effect, if any, of such Beneficial Ownership or Constructive Ownership on the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 
(iii)           Prior to the Restriction Termination Date, each Person who is a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner of Equity Stock and each Person (including the stockholder of record) who is holding Equity Stock for a Beneficial Owner or Constructive Owner shall provide to the Corporation the information that the Corporation may reasonably request, in good faith, in order to determine the Corporation’s status as a REIT, to comply with the requirements of any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.
 
(iv)           Each certificate for Equity Stock to be issued by the Corporation hereafter will bear substantially the following legend:
 
“The securities represented by this Certificate are subject to restrictions on ownership and Transfer for the purpose of the Corporation’s maintenance of its status as a “Real Estate Investment Trust” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.  Except as otherwise provided pursuant to the Charter of the Corporation, no Person may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Equity Stock in excess of 9.8% (in value or in number of shares of Equity Stock, whichever is more restrictive) of the outstanding Equity Stock of the Corporation, with further restrictions and exceptions set forth in the Charter of the Corporation.  There may be no Transfer that would cause a violation of the Ownership Limit, that would result in Equity Stock of the Corporation being Beneficially Owned by fewer than 100 Persons, that would result in the Corporation’s being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code, or that would otherwise result in the Corporation failing to qualify as a REIT.  Any Person who attempts or proposes to own, Beneficially Own or Constructively Own Equity Stock in excess of, or in violation of, the above limitations must notify the Corporation in writing at least 15 days prior to such proposed or attempted Transfer to such Person.  If an attempt is made to violate these restrictions on Transfers, (i) any Purported Transfer will be void and will not be recognized by the Corporation, (ii) the Corporation will have the right to redeem the Stock proposed to be Transferred, and (iii) the Stock represented hereby generally will be automatically converted into and exchanged for Excess Stock, which will be held in trust by the Trustee in part for the benefit of a Charitable Beneficiary.  All capitalized terms in this legend have the meanings defined in the Charter of the Corporation, a copy of which, including the restrictions on ownership and Transfer, will be sent without charge to each stockholder who directs a request for such information to the Chairman of the Board of the Corporation.”
 
(v)           Subject to Section 2(f)(v) of this Article V, nothing contained in this Article V shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such other action as it deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of its stockholders by preservation of the Corporation’s status as a REIT.
 

 
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(f)           Exemptions.
 
(i)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Charter, upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or other evidence or conditions satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion, the Board of Directors may in its sole and absolute discretion exempt certain Persons from the ownership limitations by reason of their status under the Internal Revenue Code in that ownership by such Persons would not disqualify the Corporation as a REIT under the Code.
 
(ii)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Charter, the Board of Directors may in its sole and absolute discretion authorize the issuance and sale of Equity Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Equity Stock) from the Corporation to any Person in connection with capital formation activities, subject to such conditions as the Board of Directors may, in its sole and absolute discretion, deem appropriate, even if as a result of such issuance such Person’s ownership of Equity Stock would violate the Ownership Limit.  The Board of Directors may, in its sole and absolute discretion, rely upon receipt of a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or other evidence or conditions satisfactory to the Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion in determining that the Corporation will not lose its REIT status as a result of the issuance and the granting of the exemption herein.
 
(iii)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Charter, the Board of Directors may grant exemptions to Persons who might otherwise exceed the Ownership Limit, such as in the case of issuance of stock options approved by the stockholders or grants of stock under existing employment agreements or future employment agreements approved by the stockholders, provided the Corporation has received a ruling from the Internal Revenue Service or an opinion of counsel or other evidence or conditions satisfactory to the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, that the transaction will not result in the disqualification of the Corporation as a REIT under the Code.
 
(iv)           Notwithstanding anything to the contrary contained in this Charter, the Board of Directors may in its sole and absolute discretion grant exemptions from the ownership restrictions contained herein in the event that the Board of Directors has deemed that it is no longer in the Corporation’s best interests to attempt to qualify, or continue to qualify, as a REIT under the Code.  The Board of Directors shall file a certificate to this effect with the Corporation’s transfer agent and registrar declaring that the restrictions on transfer are no longer applicable.  Until such time, the restrictions shall remain in effect.
 
(v)           Nothing in this Article V shall preclude the settlement of a transaction entered into through the facilities of any interdealer quotation system national securities exchange upon which Equity Stock is traded.  Notwithstanding the previous sentence, certain transactions may be settled by providing Excess Stock as set forth in this Article V.
 

 
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(vi)           Subject to sub-paragraph (b)(iv) of this Article V, Section 2, an underwriter which participates in a public offering or a private placement of Equity Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Equity Stock) may Beneficially Own or Constructively Own shares of Equity Stock (or securities convertible into or exchangeable for Equity Stock) in excess of the Ownership Limit but only to the extent necessary to facilitate such public offering or private placement or to support such offering or placement in the aftermarket.
 
(g)            Savings Provision .  If any of the restrictions on transfer of stock contained in this Article are determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Purported Record Transferee or the Purported Beneficial Transferee may be deemed, at the option of the Corporation, to have acted as an agent of the Corporation in acquiring such Equity Stock and to hold such Equity Stock on behalf of the Corporation.  In such case, the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee, as the case may be, must sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of such Equity Stock if directed to do so by the Corporation.  All proceeds resulting from such sale, transfer or disposition in excess of the lesser of (i) the price per share paid by the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee (or, in the case of a devise or gift, the Market Price at the time of such devise or gift) and (ii) the Market Price of the class of Equity Stock on the date the Corporation, or its designee, notifies the Purported Record Transferee or the Purported Beneficial Transferee to sell, transfer or otherwise dispose of the Equity Stock shall be paid to, or as directed by, the Corporation.
 
SECTION 3
CLASSIFICATION AND RECLASSIFICATION OF STOCK.
 
(a)            Power of Board to Classify or Reclassify Stock .  The Board of Directors shall have the power, in its sole and absolute discretion, to classify or reclassify any unissued Stock, whether now or hereafter authorized, by setting, altering or eliminating in any one or more respects, from time to time, before the issuance of such Stock, any feature of such Stock, including, but not limited to, the designation, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of, and limitations as to dividends and any other restrictions on, such Stock.  The power of the Board of Directors to classify and reclassify any of the shares of capital stock shall include, without limitation, subject to the provisions of the Charter, authority to classify or reclassify any unissued shares of such stock into a class or classes of preferred Stock, preference Stock, special Stock or other Stock, and to divide and classify shares of any class into one or more series of such class, by determining, fixing or altering one or more of the following:
 
(i)           The distinctive designation of such class or series and the number of shares which constitute such class or series; provided that, unless otherwise prohibited by the terms of such or any other class or series, the number of shares of any class or series may be decreased by the Board of Directors in connection with any classification or reclassification of unissued shares and the number of shares of such class or series may be increased by the Board of Directors in connection with any such classification or reclassification, and any shares of any class or series which have been redeemed, purchased, otherwise acquired or
 

 
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converted into shares of Common Stock or any other class or series shall become part of the authorized capital stock and be subject to classification and reclassification as provided in this subparagraph.
 
(ii)           Whether or not and, if so, the rates, amounts and times at which, and the conditions under which, dividends shall be payable on shares of such class or series, whether any such dividends shall rank senior or junior to or on a parity with the dividends payable on any other class or series of stock, and the status of any such dividends as cumulative, cumulative to a limited extent or non-cumulative and as participating or non-participating.
 
(iii)           Whether or not shares of such class or series have voting rights, in addition to any voting rights provided by law and, if so, the terms of such voting rights.
 
(iv)           Whether or not shares of such class or series have conversion or exchange privileges and, if so, the terms and conditions thereof, including provision for adjustment of the conversion or exchange rate in such events or at such times as the Board of Directors may determine.
 
(v)           Whether or not shares of such class or series will be subject to redemption and, if so, the terms and conditions of such redemption, including the date or dates upon or after which they will be redeemable and the amount per share payable in case of redemption, which amount may vary under different conditions and at different redemption dates; and whether or not there will be any sinking fund or purchase account in respect thereof, and if so, the terms thereof.
 
(vi)           The rights of the holders of shares of such class or series upon the liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of, or upon any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation, which rights may vary depending upon whether such liquidation, dissolution or winding up is voluntary or involuntary and, if voluntary, may vary at different dates, and whether such rights will rank senior or junior to or on a parity with such rights of any other class or series of stock.
 
(vii)           Whether or not there will be any limitations applicable, while shares of such class or series are outstanding, upon the payment of dividends or making of distributions on, or the acquisition of, or the use of moneys for purchase or redemption of, any stock of the Corporation, or upon any other action of the Corporation, including action under this subparagraph, and, if so, the terms and conditions thereof.
 
(viii)           Any other preferences, rights, restrictions, including restrictions on transferability, and qualifications of shares of such class or series, not inconsistent with law and the Charter of the Corporation.
 
Any of the terms of any class or series of stock set or changed pursuant to this Section 3(a) may be made dependent upon facts ascertainable outside the Charter (including determinations by the Board of Directors or other facts or events within the control of the
 

 
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Corporation) and may vary among holders thereof, provided that the manner in which such facts, events or variations shall operate upon the terms of such class or series of stock is clearly and expressly set forth in the articles supplementary filed with the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of Maryland.
 
(b)            Ranking of Stock .  For the purposes hereof and of any articles supplementary to the Charter providing for the classification or reclassification of any shares of capital stock or of any other charter document of the Corporation (unless otherwise provided in any such articles or document), any class or series of stock of the Corporation shall be deemed to rank:
 
(i)           Prior to another class or series either as to dividends or upon liquidation, if the holders of such class or series are entitled to the receipt of dividends or of amounts distributable on liquidation, dissolution or winding up, as the case may be, in preference or priority to holders of such other class or series.
 
(ii)           On a parity with another class or series either as to dividends or upon liquidation, whether or not the dividend rates, dividend payment dates or redemption or liquidation price per share thereof be different from those of such others, if the holders of such class or series of stock are entitled to receipt of dividends or amounts distributable upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, as the case may be, in proportion to their respective dividend rates or redemption or liquidation prices, without preference or priority over the holders of such other class or series.
 
(iii)           Junior to another class or series either as to dividends or upon liquidation, if the rights of the holders of such class or series are subject or subordinate to the rights of the holders of such other class or series in respect of the receipt of dividends or the amounts distributable upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up, as the case may be.
 
SECTION 4
COMMON STOCK.
 
Subject to the provisions of Sections 2 and 5 of this Article V, the Common Stock shall have the following designation, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption, limitations as to dividends and any other restrictions, and such others as may be afforded by law:
 
(a)            Voting Rights .  Subject to action, if any, by the Board of Directors, pursuant to Section 3 of this Article V, each share of Common Stock shall have one vote, and, except as otherwise provided in respect of any class of Equity Stock hereafter classified or reclassified, the exclusive voting power for all purposes shall be vested in the holders of the Common Stock.  Shares of Common Stock shall not have cumulative voting rights.
 
(b)            Dividend Rights .  After provision(s) with respect to preferential dividends on any then outstanding classes of Equity Stock, if any, fixed by the Board of Directors pursuant to Section 3 of this Article V shall have been satisfied, and after satisfaction of
 

 
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any other requirements, if any, including with respect to redemption rights and preferences, of any such classes of Equity Stock, then and thereafter the holders of Common Stock shall be entitled to receive, pro rata in relation to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them, such dividends or other distributions as may be authorized from time to time by the Board of Directors and declared by the Corporation out of funds legally available therefor.
 
(c)            Liquidation Rights .  In the event of the voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the Corporation, after distribution in full of the preferential amounts, if any, fixed pursuant to Section 3 of this Article V, to be distributed to the holders of any then outstanding Equity Stock, and subject to the right, if any, of the holders of any outstanding Equity Stock to participate further in any liquidating distributions, all of the assets of the Corporation, if any, remaining, of whatever kind available for distribution to stockholders after the foregoing distributions have been made shall be distributed to the holders of the Common Stock, ratably in proportion to the number of shares of Common Stock held by them.  For purposes of making liquidating distributions pursuant to this Section 4(c) of this Article V, Excess Stock shall be included as part of the Common Stock to the extent provided in Section 5(e) of this Article V below.
 
(d)            Conversion Rights .  Each share of Common Stock is convertible into Excess Stock as provided in Section 2(c) of this Article V.  At all times, the Corporation shall have a sufficient number of authorized, but unissued, shares of Equity Stock to permit the exchange of shares of Excess Stock for shares of Equity Stock as contemplated by Section 5(f) of this Article V.
 
SECTION 5
EXCESS STOCK.
 
(a)            Condition to Issuance .  The provisions of this Article V to the contrary notwithstanding, the automatic conversion and exchange of certain Equity Stock into Excess Stock in the circumstances provided for in Section 2(c) of this Article V shall be deemed not to have occurred, nunc pro tunc, if the Corporation shall have determined, in the sole and absolute discretion of the Board of Directors, that the issuance by the Corporation of Excess Stock would cause the Corporation to fail to satisfy the organizational and operational requirements that must be met for the Corporation to qualify for treatment as a REIT.
 
(b)            Ownership of Excess Stock in Trust .
 
(i)           Upon any purported Transfer that results in Excess Stock pursuant to Section 2(c) of this Article V, such Excess Stock shall be held, in book entry form, in the name of the Trustee in Trust for the exclusive benefit of (i) one or more Charitable Beneficiaries and (ii) such Beneficiary or Beneficiaries to whom an interest in such Excess Stock may later be transferred pursuant to Section 5(f) of this Article V.  Excess Stock so held in Trust shall be issued and outstanding Stock of the Corporation.  The Purported Record Transferee shall have no rights in
 

 
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such Excess Stock except the right to designate a transferee of such Excess Stock upon the terms specified in Section 5(f) of this Article V.  The Purported Beneficial Transferee shall have no rights in such Excess Stock except as provided in Section 5(f) of this Article V.
 
(ii)           By written notice to the Trustee, the Corporation must designate one or more nonprofit organizations to be the Charitable Beneficiary of the interest in the Trust such that (i) the shares of Excess Stock held in the Trust would not violate the restrictions set forth in Section 2(b) of this Article V in the hands of such Charitable Beneficiary and (ii) each such organization must be described in Section 501(c)(3) of the Code and contributions to each such organization must be eligible for deduction under each of Sections 170(b)(1)(A), 2055 and 2522 of the Code.
 
(c)            No Voting Rights .  Except as required by law, Excess Stock shall not be entitled to vote on any matters.  Subject to applicable law, any vote cast by the Purported Record Transferee in respect of shares of Excess Stock prior to the discovery that shares of Equity Stock had been converted into Excess Stock shall be void ab initio.
 
(d)            Dividend Rights .  Subject to the provisions of this Section 5(d) of this Article V, Excess Stock will be entitled to receive dividends equal to the dividends declared on any class of Equity Stock from which the Excess Stock had been converted, and a declaration of dividends on such class of Equity Stock will also constitute a declaration of dividends on the Excess Stock.  The Trustee will have all rights to dividends or other distributions with respect to shares of Excess Stock held in the Trust, which rights will be exercised for the exclusive benefit of the Charitable Beneficiary.  Any dividend or other distribution paid prior to the discovery by the Corporation that the shares of Equity Stock had been converted into Excess Stock and transferred to the Trustee must be paid with respect to such shares of Excess Stock to the Trustee by the Purported Record Transferee or the Purported Beneficial Transferee that attempted to Transfer such Equity Stock upon demand and any dividend or other distribution authorized but unpaid must be paid when due to the Trustee.  Any dividends or distributions so paid over to the Trustee must be held in trust for the Charitable Beneficiary.  Notwithstanding the provisions of this Article V, until the Corporation has received notification that shares of Equity Stock have been converted to Excess Stock and transferred into a Trust, the Corporation will be entitled to rely on its share transfer and other stockholder records for purposes of preparing lists of stockholders entitled to vote at meetings, determining the validity and authority of proxies and otherwise conducting votes of stockholders.
 
(e)            Liquidation Rights .  In the event of any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding up of, or any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation, the Trustee, as holder of the Excess Stock in Trust, will be entitled to receive that portion of the assets of the Corporation that would have been distributed to the Equity Stock in respect of which the Excess Stock was issued.  The Trustee, as holder of the Excess Stock in Trust, must distribute ratably to the Beneficiaries of the Trust,
 

 
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when determined, any assets received in respect of the Excess Stock in any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of, or any distribution of the assets of, the Corporation, provided that any amounts per share in excess of (i) the price per share paid by the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee for the Equity Stock that resulted in Excess Stock or (ii) if the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee did not give value for such Excess Stock (through gift, devise or other transaction), the price per share equal to the Market Price on the date of the purported Transfer that resulted in the Excess Stock, must be paid to the Charitable Beneficiary.
 
(f)            Restrictions on Transfer; Designation of Beneficiary .
 
(i)           Excess Stock is not transferable.  The Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee may freely designate a Beneficiary of an interest in the Trust (representing the number of shares of Excess Stock held by the Trust attributable to a purported Transfer that resulted in Excess Stock), if the Excess Stock held in the Trust would not be Excess Stock in the hands of such Beneficiary and the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee does not receive consideration for designating such Beneficiary that reflects an amount per share of Excess Stock that exceeds (x) the price per share that such Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee paid for the Equity Stock in the purported Transfer that resulted in the Excess Stock; or (y) if the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee did not give value for such Excess Stock (through a gift, devise or other transaction), the price per share equal to the Market Price on the date of the purported Transfer that resulted in the Excess Stock.  Upon such transfer of an interest in the Trust, (A) the corresponding shares of Excess Stock in the Trust shall automatically be exchanged for an equal number of shares of Equity Stock of the same class as such stock had been previously, immediately prior to it becoming Excess Stock, (B) such shares of Equity Stock shall be transferred of record to the transferee of the interest in the Trust if such Equity Stock would not be Excess Stock in the hands of such Beneficiary, and (C) the shares of Excess Stock exchanged for Equity Stock shall be cancelled and shall be deemed to be authorized and unissued shares of Excess Stock.  Prior to any transfer of any interest in the Trust, the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee must give advance notice to the Corporation of the intended transfer containing the identity of the intended transferee and any additional information requested by the Corporation, and the Corporation must have waived in writing its redemption rights under Section 2(d) of this Article V.
 
(ii)           Notwithstanding the foregoing, if a Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee receives a price for designating a Beneficiary of an interest in the Trust that exceeds the amounts allowable under Section 5(f)(i) of this Article V, such Purported
 

 
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Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee shall pay, or cause such Beneficiary to pay, such excess to the Charitable Beneficiary.  If, prior to the discovery by the Corporation that shares of Equity Stock have been converted into Excess Stock and transferred to the Trustee, such shares are sold by a Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee, then (i) such shares shall be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the Trust and (ii) to the extent that the Purported Record Transferee or Purported Beneficial Transferee received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount allowable under Section 5(f)(i) of this Section V, such excess shall be paid to the Trustee upon demand.
 
(iii)           Each Purported Record Transferee and Charitable Beneficiary waive any and all claims that they may have against the Trustee and the Trust arising out of the disposition of any shares of Excess Stock transferred to the Trust, except for claims arising out of the gross negligence or willful misconduct of, or any failure to make payments in accordance with this Section 5(f)(iii) of this Article V by, the Trustee or the Corporation.
 
SECTION 6
GENERAL PROVISIONS.
 
(a)            Interpretation and Ambiguities .  The Board of Directors has the power to interpret and to construe the provisions of this Article V, including any definition contained in Section 2, and the Board of Directors has the power to determine the application of the provisions of this Article V with respect to any situation based on the facts known to it, and any such interpretation, construction and determination shall be final and binding on all interested parties, including the stockholders.
 
(b)            Severability .  If any provision of this Article V or any application of any such provision is determined to be void, invalid or unenforceable by any court having jurisdiction over the issue, the validity and enforceability of the remaining provisions will not be affected and other applications of such provision will be affected only to the extent necessary to comply with the determination of such court.
 
(c)            Charter and Bylaws .  All persons who shall acquire stock in the Corporation shall acquire the same subject to the provisions of the Charter and the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
ARTICLE VI
 
THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS
 
SECTION 1
AUTHORIZED NUMBER AND INITIAL DIRECTORS.
 
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed by or under the direction of a Board of Directors.  The authorized number of directors of the Corporation initially shall be 10, which number may be increased or decreased pursuant to the Bylaws of the Corporation, but shall never be less than the minimum number permitted by the General Laws of the State of
 

 
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Maryland now or hereafter in force.  The persons who shall serve as directors effectively immediately and until their successors are duly elected and qualified are as follows:
 
   Ernest V. Bencivenga  
   Anna T. Chew  
   Daniel D. Cronheim  
   Matthew I. Hirsch  
    Charles P. Kaempffer  
   Eugene W. Landy  
   Samuel A. Landy  
   Cynthia J. Morgenstern  
   John R. Sampson  
   Peter J. Weidhorn  
 
At least three of the directors of the Corporation shall be Independent Directors (as defined in Section 2 of this Article VI).  No decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director.
 
SECTION 2
INDEPENDENT DIRECTORS
 
For the purpose of this Article VI, the term “Independent Directors” means the Directors of the Corporation who satisfy the requirements of Section 3-802 of the Maryland General Corporation Law.
 
SECTION 3
DIRECTORS ELECTED BY SPECIFIC STOCKHOLDERS.
 
Whenever the holders of any one or more series of Equity Stock of the Corporation have the right, voting separately as a class, to elect one or more directors of the Corporation, the Board of Directors must consist of the directors so elected in addition to the number of directors fixed as provided in Section 1 of this Article VI or in the Bylaws.  Notwithstanding the foregoing, and except as otherwise may be required by law, whenever the holders of any one or more series of Equity Stock of the Corporation have the right, voting separately as a class, to elect one or more directors of the Corporation, the terms of the director or directors elected by such holders will expire at the next succeeding annual meeting of stockholders.
 
SECTION 4
GENERAL TERM OF OFFICE; CLASSES OF DIRECTORS.
 
The directors of the Corporation (except for the directors elected by the holders of any one or more series of Equity Stock of the Corporation as provided in Section 3 of this Article VI) are divided into three classes, Class I, Class II and Class III, as follows:
 
(i)           The term of office of Class I extends until the 2004 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified and thereafter the term of office of Class I directors will be for three years and until their successors are elected and qualified;
 
(ii)           the term of office of Class II extends until the 2005 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified and thereafter
 

 
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the term of office of Class II directors will be for three years and until their successors are elected and qualified; and
 
(iii)           the term of office of Class III extends until the 2006 annual meeting of stockholders and until their successors are elected and qualified and thereafter the term of office of Class III directors will be for three years and until their successors are elected and qualified.
 
The number of directors in each class must be as nearly equal in number as possible.  If the number of directors is changed, any increase or decrease must be apportioned among the classes so as to maintain or attain, if possible, the equality of the number of directors in each class.  If such equality is not possible, the increase or decrease must be apportioned among the classes in such a way that the difference in the number of directors in any two classes does not exceed one.  The names of the individuals who will serve as initial directors until their successors are elected and qualified are as follows:
 
Class I:
Ernest V. Bencivenga
Daniel D. Cronheim
John R. Sampson
 
Class II:
Matthew I. Hirsch
Charles P. Kaempffer
Cynthia J. Morgenstern
 
Class III:
Anna T. Chew
Eugene W. Landy
Samuel A. Landy
Peter J. Weidhorn
 
These directors may increase the number of directors and may fill any vacancy, whether resulting from an increase in the number of directors or otherwise, on the Board of Directors occurring before the election provided for below in Section 6 in the manner provided by law.
 
SECTION 5
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS.
 
Subject to the rights of holders of one or more classes or series of Equity Stock to elect or remove one or more directors, a director may be removed from office but only for cause and only by the affirmative vote of at least two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast generally in the election of directors.  For the purpose of this paragraph, “cause” means termination because of a director’s personal dishonesty, incompetence, willful misconduct, breach of duty involving personal profit, intentional failure to perform stated duties, willful violation of any law, rule or regulation (other than traffic violations or similar offenses) or final cease and desist order.
 
SECTION 6
FILLING VACANCIES.
 
The Corporation elects, at such time as such election becomes available under Section 3-802(b) of the Maryland General Corporation Law, that, except as may be provided by
 

 
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the Board of Directors in setting the terms of any class or series of Equity Stock, any and all vacancies on the Board of Directors may be filled only by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors in office, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy shall serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred.
 
SECTION 7
BOARD AUTHORIZATION OF SHARE ISSUANCES.
 
The Board of Directors of the Corporation, without any action by stockholders, may authorize the issuance from time to time of Stock of any class, whether now or hereafter authorized, or securities convertible into Stock of any class, whether now or hereafter authorized, for such consideration as the Board of Directors may deem advisable, subject to such restrictions or limitations, if any, as may be set forth in the Charter or the Bylaws of the Corporation and without any action by the stockholders.
 
SECTION 8
PREEMPTIVE AND APPRAISAL RIGHTS.
 
(a)            Preemptive Rights .  No holder of any Stock or any other securities of the Corporation, whether now or hereafter authorized, has any preemptive right to subscribe for or purchase any Stock or any other securities of the Corporation other than such, if any, as the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may determine and at such price or prices and upon such other terms as the Board of Directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, may fix; and any Stock or other securities which the Board of Directors may determine to offer for subscription may, as the Board of Directors in its sole and absolute discretion shall determine, be offered to the holders of any class, series or type of Stock or other securities at the time outstanding to the exclusion of the holders of any or all other classes, series or types of stock or other securities at the time outstanding.
 
(b)            Appraisal Rights .  Holders of shares of Stock shall not be entitled to exercise any rights of an objecting stockholder provided for under Title 3, Subtitle 2 of the Maryland General Corporation Law unless the Board of Directors, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the entire Board of Directors, shall determine that such rights shall apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of Stock, to a particular transaction or all transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders of such shares would otherwise be entitled to exercise such rights.
 
SECTION 9
AMENDMENTS TO THE BYLAWS.
 
Notwithstanding any other provision of the Charter or the Bylaws of the Corporation, the Board of Directors of the Corporation has the exclusive power to make, repeal, alter, amend and rescind the Bylaws of the Corporation.
 
SECTION 10
CERTAIN OTHER DETERMINATIONS BY THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
 
The determination as to any of the following matters, made in good faith by or pursuant to the direction of the Board of Directors consistent with the Charter and in the absence of actual receipt of an improper benefit in money, property or services or active and deliberate dishonesty
 

 
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established by a court, shall be final and conclusive and shall be binding upon the Corporation and every holder of Stock:  (1) the manner in which distributions are to be made to stockholders; (2) the amount of the net income of the Corporation for any period and the amount of assets at any time legally available for the payment of dividends, redemption of Stock or the payment of other distributions on Stock; (3) the amount of paid-in surplus, net assets, annual or other net profit, net assets in excess of capital, undivided profits or excess of profits over losses on sales of assets; (4) the amount, purpose, time of creation, increase or decrease, alteration or cancellation of any reserves or charges and the propriety thereof (whether or not any obligation or liability for which such reserves or charges has been created has been paid or discharged); (5) the fair value, or any sale, bid or asked price to be applied in determining the fair value, of any asset owned or held by the Corporation; (6) any matters relating to the acquisition, holding and disposition of any assets of the Corporation; and (7) any other matter relating to the business and affairs of the Corporation.  Except as otherwise provided by statute or the Bylaws, no stockholder has the right to inspect any book, account or document of the Corporation unless authorized to do so by resolution of the Board of Directors.
 
SECTION 11
RESERVED POWERS OF THE BOARD OF DIRECTORS.
 
The enumeration and definition of particular powers of the Board of Directors included in this Article VI shall in no way be limited or restricted by reference to or inference from the terms of any other clause of this or any other provision of the charter of the Corporation, or construed or deemed by inference or otherwise in any manner to exclude or limit the powers conferred upon the Board of Directors under the general laws of the State of Maryland as now or hereafter in force.
 
ARTICLE VII
 
PROVISIONS FOR DEFINING, LIMITING AND REGULATING
CERTAIN POWERS OF THE CORPORATION AND OF THE
STOCKHOLDERS AND DIRECTORS
 
SECTION 1
REIT QUALIFICATION.
 
The Board of Directors shall use its reasonable best efforts to cause the Corporation and its stockholders to qualify for U.S. federal income tax treatment in accordance with the provision of the Code applicable to a REIT.  In furtherance of the foregoing, the Board of Directors shall use its reasonable best efforts to take such actions as are necessary, and may take such actions as in its sole and absolute discretion are desirable, to preserve the status of the Corporation as a REIT, provided, however, that if the Board of Directors determines in its sole and absolute discretion, that it is no longer in the best interests of the Corporation to continue to have the Corporation qualify as a REIT, the Board of Directors may revoke or otherwise terminate the Corporation’s REIT election pursuant to Section 856(g) of the Code.  Nothing contained in the Charter shall limit the authority of the Board of Directors to take such action as it in its sole and absolute discretion deems necessary or advisable to protect the Corporation and the interests of the stockholders by maintaining the Corporation’s eligibility to be, and preserving the Corporation’s status as, a qualified REIT under the Code.
 

 
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SECTION 2
STOCKHOLDER PROPOSALS.
 
For any stockholder proposal to be presented in connection with an annual or special meeting of stockholders of the Corporation, including any proposal relating to the nomination of a director to be elected to the Board of Directors of the Corporation, the stockholder must have given timely written notice thereof in writing to the Secretary of the Corporation in the manner and containing the information required by the Bylaws.
 
ARTICLE VIII
 
BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
 
The Corporation has elected to incorporate in the State of Maryland with the intention to rely on the provisions of Subtitle 6, Special Voting Requirements (Sections 3-601 through Sections 3-605 at the date of incorporation) of the Maryland General Corporation Law (“Subtitle 6”) as it may be amended or renumbered from time to time; provided, however, that the Corporation expressly elects that Section 3-602 of Subtitle 6 shall not govern or apply to any transaction, including a “business combination” as defined by Section 3-601 of Subtitle 6, with United Mobile Homes, Inc., a New Jersey corporation (“UMH”), or Monmouth Capital Corporation, a New Jersey corporation (“MCC”).  In the event the provisions of Subtitle 6 are effectively repealed or otherwise deleted from the Maryland General Corporation Law or any other Maryland statute governing the Corporation, (i) the Corporation hereby incorporates by reference in this Article VIII of this Charter the provisions of Subtitle 6 as in effect on the date of the Company’s incorporation in Maryland with the same effect as if such provisions had been set forth in full text in this Article VIII, and (ii) the Corporate further expressly elects that Section 3-602 of Subtitle 6 as incorporated by reference shall not govern or apply to any transaction, including a “business combination” as defined by Section 3-601 of Subtitle 6 as incorporated by reference, with UMH or MCC.
 
ARTICLE IX
 
INDEMNIFICATION
 
SECTION 1
INDEMNIFICATION.
 
The Corporation must indemnify its Directors and officers, whether serving the Corporation or at its request any other entity, who were or are parties or are threatened to be made parties to any threatened or actual suit, investigation, or other proceeding, including administrative actions, because of their status or actions as Directors or officers to the full extent required or permitted by the General Laws of the State of Maryland now or hereafter in force, including the advance of expenses under the procedures and to the full extent permitted by law.  The Corporation may indemnify other employees and agents, whether serving the Corporation or at its request any other entity, to the extent authorized by the Board of Directors or the Corporation’s Bylaws and permitted by law.  The foregoing rights of indemnification are not exclusive of any other rights to which those seeking indemnification may be entitled.  The Board of Directors may take such action as is necessary to carry out these indemnification provisions and is expressly empowered to adopt, approve and amend from time to time such Bylaws,
 

 
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resolutions or contracts implementing such provisions or such further indemnification arrangements as may be permitted by law.  No amendment of the Charter of the Corporation or repeal of any of its provisions shall limit or eliminate the right to indemnification provided hereunder with respect to acts or omissions occurring prior to such amendment or repeal or shall limit or eliminate the rights granted under indemnification agreements entered into by the corporation and its directors, officers, agents and employees.
 
SECTION 2
LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.
 
To the fullest extent permitted by Maryland statutory or decisional law, as amended or interpreted, no director or officer of the Corporation will be liable to the Corporation or its stockholders for money damages.  No amendment of the Charter of the Corporation or repeal any of its provisions will apply to or affect in any respect the applicability of the preceding sentence with respect to any act or omission which occurred prior to such amendment or repeal.
 
ARTICLE X
 
AMENDMENTS
 
The Corporation reserves the right to amend, alter, change or repeal any provision contained in the Charter upon approval of the Board of Directors of the Corporation and the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than two-thirds (2/3) of all votes entitled to be cast on such matter.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, I have adopted and signed these Articles of Incorporation and do hereby acknowledge that the adoption and signing are my act.
 
Dated:  March 12, 2003
 
/s/   Cynthia J. Morgenstern
Cynthia J. Morgenstern, Incorporator



 
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ARTICLES OF MERGER

MERGING

MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
(a Delaware Corporation)

INTO

MREIC MARYLAND, INC.
(a Maryland Corporation)



           FIRST:  MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, and MREIC MARYLAND, INC., a corporation organized under the laws of the State of Maryland, agree that said MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION shall be merged into said MREIC MARYLAND, INC.  The terms and conditions of the merger and the mode carrying the same into effect are as herein set forth in these articles of merger.

SECOND:  MREIC MARYLAND, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland, shall survive the merger and shall hereinwith change its name to MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a Maryland corporation.

THIRD:  The parties to the articles of merger are MREIC MARYLAND, INC., a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland, and MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a Delaware corporation incorporated on the 28th day of March, 1990, under the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware, which corporation was qualified to do business in the State of Maryland on the 23rd day of March, 2001.

FOURTH:  The following amendments to the charter of the surviving corporation are to be effected as part of the merger:

(A)           By striking out Article II of the articles of incorporation of the surviving corporation and inserting in lieu thereof the following:

“ARTICLE II

NAME AND DURATION

     The name of the corporation is Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (the “Corporation”).  The duration of the Corporation shall be perpetual.”
 
 
 
 

 
 
           FIFTH:  The total number of shares of stock of all classes which said MREIC MARYLAND, INC. has authority to issue is 25,000,000, initially classified as 20,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of excess stock, par value $0.01 per share with an aggregate par value of $250,000.

The total number shares of stock of all classes which said MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION has authority to issue is 20,100,000, classified as 20,000,000 shares of Class A common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 100,000 shares of Class B common stock, par value $0.01 per share, with an aggregate par value of $201,000.

SIXTH:  The manner and basis of converting or exchanging issued stock of the merged corporation into different stock or other consideration and the manner of dealing with any issued stock of the merged corporations not to be so converted or exchanged shall be as follows:

That upon the terms and subject to the conditions of the Agreement and Plan of Merger between the companies party to these Articles, at the effective time of the merger, each outstanding share of MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION will be converted into one share of common stock, $0.01 par value, of MREIC MARYLAND, INC. In addition, at the effective time, each outstanding option to purchase shares of MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION will continue outstanding as a right to purchase shares of the common stock of MREIC MARYLAND, INC., upon the same terms and conditions as immediately prior to the effective time.

SEVENTH:  The principal office of said MREIC MARYLAND, INC., organized under the laws of the State of Maryland, is located in Baltimore City, State of Maryland.

Said MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, the merged corporation, owns property in the County of Prince Georges, State of Maryland, the title to which could be affected by the recording of an instrument among the Land Records.

EIGHTH:  The terms and conditions of the transaction set forth in the articles were advised, authorized, and approved by each corporation party to the articles in the manner and by the vote required by its charter and the laws of the place where it is organized.
 
 
 
 

 
 
          NINTH:  The merger was (a) duly advised by the board of directors of said MREIC MARYLAND, INC., the surviving corporation, by the adoption, on March 14, 2003, of a resolution, declaring that the merger herein proposed was advisable substantially upon the terms and conditions set forth in these articles of merger and directing that the proposed articles of merger be submitted for action thereon at a special meeting of the stockholders of said corporation, and (b) duly approved by the stockholders of said corporation by the unanimous written consent of the holders of each class of stock entitled to vote separately thereon on May 6, 2003.

TENTH:  The terms and conditions as set forth in these articles of merger were approved in the following manner.  The merger to be effected by these articles of merger was duly advised and authorized and approved by said MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION in the manner and by the vote required by the laws of the State of Delaware and by the charter of the said corporation.
 
 
 
 

 
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, MREIC MARYLAND, INC. and MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, the corporations parties to the merger, have caused these articles of merger to be signed in their respective corporate names and on their behalf by their respective presidents or vice-presidents and witnessed or attested by their respective secretaries or assistant secretaries all as of the 15th day of May, 2003.
 
 

 
MREIC MARYLAND, INC.



By: /s/ Eugene W. Landy
Name:  Eugene W. Landy
Title:    President

Attest:

/s/ Ernest V. Bencivenga
Name: Ernest V. Bencivenga
Title:   Secretary

MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION



By: /s/ Eugene W. Landy
Name:  Eugene W. Landy
Title:    President

Attest:

/s/ Ernest V. Bencivenga
Name:   Ernest V. Bencivenga
Title:     Secretary

THE UNDERSIGNED, President of MREIC MARYLAND, INC., who executed on behalf of said corporation the foregoing Articles of Merger, of which this certificate is made a part, hereby acknowledges, in the name and on behalf of said corporation, the foregoing Articles of Merger to be the corporate act of said corporation and further certifies that, to the best of his/her knowledge, information and belief, the matters and the facts set forth therein with respect to the approval thereof are true in all material respects, under the penalties of perjury.

/s/ Eugene W. Landy
Name:  Eugene W. Landy
 
 
 

 
 
THE UNDERSIGNED, President of MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, who executed on behalf of said corporation the foregoing Articles of Merger, of which this certificate is made a part, hereby acknowledges, in the name and on behalf of said corporation, the foregoing Articles of Merger to be the corporate act of said corporation and further certifies that, to the best of his/her knowledge, information and belief, the matters and the facts set forth therein with respect to the approval thereof are true in all material respects, under the penalties of perjury.

/s/ Eugene W. Landy
Name:  Eugene W. Landy


 
 
 
 

 


CERTIFICATE OF CONVEYANCE
 
PART I
 
1.            LOCATION OF LAND BEING CONVEYED (Insert County or Baltimore City) Prince George’s  
 
2.            TRANSFEROR                                  Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation  
 
3.            TRANSFEREE                                  MRRIC Maryland, Inc.                                                                                                 
 
4.            CERTIFICATE OF CONVEYANCE ACCOMPANY :  (PLEASE CHECK APPROPRIATE BOX)
 
    X       ARTICLES OF MERGER                                                                                   _____ ARTICLES OF TRANSFER

 DOCUMENT EVIDENCING MERGER                                                        _____ ARTICLES OF CONSOLIDATION
 OR CONSOLIDATION OF FOREIGN
 CORPORATIONS OR FOREIGN
 LIMITED PARTNERSHIPS

5.            INTEREST IN LAND AFFECTED :  (SHOWN SEPARATELY FOR EACH PARCEL, A DEED REFERENCE AND BRIEF DESCRIPTION PREFERABLY AS SHOWN ON RECENT TAX BILL.  ATTACH ADDITIONAL SHEETS IF NECESSARY.)
 
See attached property description.  

6.            MAILING ADDRESS FOR RECEIPT OF TAX BILL:
 
NAME & ADDRESS

Cronheim Mgr Services, Inc., P.O. Box 268, Chatham, NJ  07928-0268  

PART II
 
Is this a transfer of real property to agricultural transfer tax (____YES     X   NO)
 
PART III
 
Is this a transfer of real property under a reorganization described in Section 368(A) of the Internal Revenue Code? (__ X __YES        NO)
 
NOTE:  IF THE ANSWER TO THE QUESTION IN PART III IS YES, THEN THIS TRANSACTION IS NOT SUBJECT TO RECORDATION AND/OR TRANSFER TAX.  SKIP THE REST OF THE QUESTIONS IN PART IV , AND PART V AND GO ON TO PART VI.  IF THE ANSWER IS NO, CONTINUE ON WITH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
 

 
 
 

 

part IV
 
FOR USE WHERE PROPERTY IS BEING CONVEYED BY MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION .  (PLEASE CHECK APPLICABLE BOX).
 
1.           Is this a merger of a Partnership into an Limited Liability Company where the identity of the members and allocation of profit and loss are identical for both entities?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  IF THIS ANSWER IS YES, THE TRANSACTION IS NOT SUBJECT TO TAX, SKIP THE REST OF PART IV AND ALL PART V AND COMPLETE PART VI .  IF THE ANSWER IS NO, CONTINUE WITH THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
 
2.           Is this a merger where a partnership or limited liability company is a party to the merger?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  IF THE ANSWER3 TO QUESTION 2 IS YES, THE TRANSACTION IS TAXABLE AND THE TAX IS BASED ON THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT AT THE DATE OF FINALITY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE DATE OF THE TRANSACTION.  DO NOT ANSWER QUESTIONS  3 , 4 AND 5 .
 
3.           Is this a merger or consolidation where recordation tax and, if then required to have been paid, transfer tax were paid when the corporation merging out of existence or the corporation consolidating acquired the real property?  (____YES         NO)
 
4.           Is this a merger of a parent corporation into its subsidiary corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
5.           Is this a merger where a subsidiary corporation is merging into a parent corporation and the parent corporation:
 
A)           previously owned real property (____YES         NO)
 
B)           owns the stock of the subsidiary and has owned that stock for a period greater than 18 months?  (____YES         NO)
 
C)           acquires the stock of a subsidiary corporation which has been in existence and has owned the real property for a period of 2 years?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  IF ALL ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS  3 THROUGH 5 ARE NO, THEN THIS IS A TRANSACTION THAT IS SUBJECT TO MARYLAND RECORDATION TAX, MARYLAND TRANSFER TAX, AND IF APPLICABLE, LOCAL TRANSFER TAX.  THE TAXES ARE BASED ON THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT AT THE DATE OF FINALITY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE DATE OF THE TRANSACTION.   DO NOT COMPLETE PART V.  GO ON TO PART VI .  COMPLETE SECTIONS  B , C & D OF PART VI IF THIS IS A TAXABLE TRANSACTION.  IF IT IS NOT A TAXABLE TRANSACTION COMPLETE ONLY SECTION  C & D OF PART VI.
 

 
 
 

 

part V            for use where real property is being conveyed by articles of transfer.
 
1.           Is this a transaction where real property of the corporation is being transferred for consideration and is subject to recordation and/or transfer taxes?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  IF THE ANSWER TO QUESTION  1 IS YES , THE TRANSACTION IS TAXABLE AND THE TAX IS BASED ON THE CONSIDERATION PAID OR TO BE PAID.  DO NOT ANSWER QUESTIONS  2 , 3 AND 4 .  GO ON TO PART VI.
 
2.           Is this a transaction where real property of the corporation is being transferred to its shareholders on the liquidation, dissolution or termination of the corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  IF THE ANSWER TO QUESTION 2 IS NO , SKIP 2A, 2B AND 2C.  OTHERWISE CONTINUE WITH 2.
 
Is this real property being transferred to:
 
2A)           a person who was an original shareholder of the corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
2B)           a person who is a direct descendent or relative within 2 degrees of a person who was an original shareholder of the corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
2C)           a person who acquired the status of shareholder by gift or divorce from an original shareholder of the corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
3.           Is this real property being transferred between a parent corporation and its subsidiary corporation or between 2 or more subsidiary corporations wholly owned by the same parent corporation and the parent is an original stockholder of the subsidiary corporation, or subsidiary corporations, or became a stockholder of the subsidiary corporation or subsidiary corporations for no consideration, nominal considerations or considerations that comprise only the issuance, cancellation, or surrender of stock of a subsidiary corporation?  (____YES         NO)
 
4.           Is this a transfer from a subsidiary corporation to its parent corporation for no consideration, nominal consideration or consideration that comprises only the issuance, cancellation or surrender of a subsidiary’s stock where the parent corporation:
 
4A)           previously owned the real property?  (____YES         NO)
 
4B)           owns the stock of the subsidiary and has owned that stock for a period greater than 18 months?  (____YES         NO)
 
4C)           acquired the stock of a subsidiary corporation which has been in existence and has owned the real property for a period of 2 years?  (____YES         NO)
 
NOTE:  THIS TRANSACTION IS SUBJECT TO RECORDATION AND/OR TRANSFER TAX IF:  (1.) THE ANSWER TO QUESTION  2 IS YES AND THE ANSWER TO ANY OF QUESTIONS  2A , 2B , 2C , 3 , 4A , 4B OR 4C IS YES OR (2.) THE ANSWER TO QUESTION  2
 

 
 
 

 

IS YES AND THE ANSWER TO ANY OF QUESTIONS  3 , 4A , 4B OR 4C IS YES .  IN ALL OTHER CASES, THE TRANSACTION IS SUBJECT TO MARYLAND RECORDATION TAX, MARYLAND TRANSFER TAX, AND IF APPLICABLE, LOCAL TRANSFER TAX.  THE TAXES ARE ON THE VALUE OF THE PROPERTY AS DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT AT THE DATE OF FINALITY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE DATE OF THE TRANSACTION.  IN ALL CASES GO TO PART VI .
 
PART VI
 
COMPLETE SECTIONS A, B, C & D OF PART VI IF PART V QUESTION 1 WAS ANSWERED YES .  COMPLETE ONLY SECTIONS  B, C & D IF IT IS A TRANSACTION SUBJECT TO RECORDATION AND/OR TRANSFER TAX AND PART V QUESTION 1 WAS ANSWERED NO .   IN ALL CASES COMPLETE SECTION C & D .
 
A)           CONSIDERATION FOR REAL PROPERTY CONVEYED $_______________________________________
 
B)           VALUE OF REAL PROPERTY DETERMINED BY THE DEPARTMENT AT THE DATE OF FINALITY IMMEDIATELY BEFORE THE DATE OF THIS TRANSACTION $____________________________________________________
 
C)           ALL PUBLIC TAXES DUE BY THE TRANSFEROR IN THE COUNTY WHERE THE REAL PROPERTY IS LOCATED     X    HAVE   HAVE NOT BEEN PAID.  (PLEASE CHECK ONE)
 
             ALL PERSONAL PROPERTY TAXES DUE BY THE TRANSFEROR IN THE COUNTY WHERE THE REAL PROPERTY IS LOCATED     X    HAVE   HAVE NOT BEEN PAID.  (PLEASE CHECK ONE)
 
D)           I HEREBY ACKNOWLEDGE AND AFFIRM UNDER THE PENALTIES OF PERJURY THAT TO THE BEST OF MY KNOWLEDGE, INFORMATION AND BELIEF, THE FOREGOING REPRESENTATIONS ARE TRUE.
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation                                                                                       /s/ Cynthia J. Morgenstern, EVP
(NAME OF CORPORATION)                                                                                                                     (SIGNATURE AND TITLE)

(MUST BE OFFICER, AGENT OR ATTORNEY OF ONE OF THE PARTIES TO THE TRANSFER, MERGER OR CONSOLIDATION)


FOR OFFICE USE ONLY
 
MARYLAND RECORDATION TAX PAID:
 
MARYLAND TRANSFER TAX PAID:
 
LOCAL TRANSFER TAX PAID:
 
TOTAL:
 

 
 
 

 

APPROVED FOR RECORD BY STATE DEPARTMENT OF ASSESSMENTS AND TAXATION
 
/s/ Joseph Stewart
 

 
 
 

 

ATTACHMENT TO CERTIFICATE OF CONVEYANCE
 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
 
PROPERTY DESCRIPTION
 

 
 
 

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
 
The Charter of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (“the Company”) is hereby amended to authorize the Company to issue an additional five million shares of common stock.
 
1.           This Amendment has been approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors at a meeting held on March 29, 2004.
 
2.           This Amendment is expressly authorized by Section 2-105(a)12 of the Maryland Code, and may be made without action by the stockholders.
 
3.           The total number of shares of stock that the Company had authority to issue immediately before this Amendment was 20 million.  The total number of shares of stock that the Company has authority To issue as per this Amendment is 25 million.
 
4.           The Company has authority to issue only common stock.
 
5.           The par value of the shares of common stock is $.01.
 
6.           The aggregate par value of all of the shares of common stock is now $250,000.
 
Dated:  July 23, 2004


/s/ Eugene W. Landry                                            
By:           Eugene W. Landy, President
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

/s/ Louise F. Green                                            
By:           Louise F. Green, Secretary
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation


 
 
 

 

CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (“the Company”) hereby files the following corrections to its Articles of Amendment dated July 23, 2004, and filed on September 8, 2004 (“the Amendment”).
 
1.           Paragraph 3 of the Amendment, as previously filed, stated:
 
“The total number of shares of stock that the Company had authority to issue immediately before this Amendment was 20 million.  The total number of shares of stock that the Company has authority to issue as per this Amendment is 25 million.”
 
Paragraph 3 of the Amendment, as corrected, states:
 
“The total number of shares of stock that the Company had authority to issue immediately before this Amendment was 25 million, initially classified as 20 million shares of common stock and 5 million shares of excess stock.  The total number of shares of stock that the Company has authority to issue as per this Amendment is 30 million; classified as 25 million shares of common stock and 5 million shares of excess stock.”
 
2.           Paragraph 4 of the Amendment, as previously filed, stated:
 
“The Company has authority to issue only common stock.”
 
Paragraph 4 of the Amendment, as corrected, states:
 
“The Company has authority to issue only common stock and excess stock”
 
/s/ Eugene W. Landry                                            
By:           Eugene W. Landy, President
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

/s/ Louise F. Green                                            
By:           Louise F. Green, Secretary
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

State of New Jersey                                :
:  S.S.
County of Monmouth                                           :

Sworn to and subscribed before me this   13th   day of December , 2004.

/s/ Elizabeth Chiarella                                 
Notary Public

 
 
 

 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
 
The Charter of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (“the Company”), a Maryland corporation, is hereby amended to authorize the Company to issue an additional five million shares of common stock.
 
1.           This Amendment has been approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors at a meeting held on March 20, 2006.
 
2.           This Amendment is expressly authorized by Section 2-105(a)12 of the Maryland Code, and may be made without action by the stockholders.
 
3.           The total number of shares of stock that the Company had authority to issue immediately before this Amendment was 30 million, initially classified as 25 million shares of common stock and 5 million shares of excess stock.  The total number of shares of stock that the Company has authority to issue as per this Amendment is 35 million, classified as 30 million shares of common stock and 5 million shares of excess stock.
 
4.           The Company has authority to issue only common stock and excess stock.
 
5.           The par value of the shares of common stock is $.01.
 
6.           The aggregate par value of all of the shares of common stock is now $300,000.
 
We the undersigned President and Secretary swear under penalties of perjury that the foregoing is a corporate act..
 
Dated:  April 4, 2006
 
/s/ Eugene W. Landry                                            
By:           Eugene W. Landy, President
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

/s/ Elizabeth Chiarella
By:           Elizabeth Chiarella, Secretary
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

State of New Jersey  :
              :  S.S.
County of Monmouth :

Sworn to and subscribed before me this   10th   day of April , 2006.

/s/ Robin E. Offsey                                 
Notary Public
[Missing Graphic Reference]

 
 
 

 


 
 

 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
 
ARTICLES SUPPLEMENTARY
 
ESTABLISHING AND FIXING THE RIGHTS AND PREFERENCES
 
OF
 
7.625% SERIES A CUMULATIVE REDEEMABLE PREFERRED STOCK
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the “Corporation”), hereby certifies to the State Department of Assessments and Taxation of the State of Maryland that:
 
FIRST:  Under a power contained in Section 3(a) of Article V of the charter of the Corporation (the “Charter”), the Board of Directors of the Corporation, by resolution duly adopted, classified 1,322,500 authorized but unissued shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, of the Corporation as a series of preferred stock, designated as 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share.
 
SECOND:  Subject to the provisions of Section 2 of Article V of the Charter, the following is a description of the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends and other distributions, qualifications and terms and conditions of redemption of the Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock which, upon any restatement of the Charter, shall become part of Article IV of the Charter, with any necessary or appropriate renumbering or relettering of the sections or subsections hereof:
 
Section 1.
Number of Shares and Designation.
 
A series of preferred stock of the Corporation designated 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “Series A Preferred Stock”), is hereby established, and the number of shares constituting such series shall be 1,322,500.  The designations, powers, preferences and relative, participating, optional or other special rights, and the qualifications, limitations or restrictions, of the Series A Preferred Stock shall be subject in all cases to the provisions of Article V of the Charter regarding limitations on beneficial ownership of the Corporation’s equity securities.
 
Section 2.
Definitions.
 
“AMEX” shall mean the American Stock Exchange or a successor that is a national securities exchange registered under Section 6 of the Exchange Act.
 
“Board of Directors” shall mean the Board of Directors of the Corporation or any committee authorized by such Board of Directors to perform any of its responsibilities with respect to the Series A Preferred Stock.
 
“Beneficiary” shall mean a beneficiary of the Trust.
 

 
Page 1 of 13

 

“Business Day” shall mean any day other than a Saturday, Sunday or a day on which state or federally chartered banking institutions in New York, New York are not required to be open.
 
“Code” shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended.
 
“Common Stock” shall mean the common stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.
 
“Dividend Payment Date” shall mean, with respect to each Dividend Period, the fifteenth (15th) day of the month following the month in which such Dividend Period has ended (March, June, September and December of each year), commencing on March 15, 2007.
 
“Dividend Payment Record Date” shall mean the date designated by the Board of Directors for the payment of dividends that is not more than 30 nor fewer than 10 days prior to the applicable Dividend Payment Date.
 
“Dividend Period” shall mean the respective periods commencing on and including March 1, June 1, September 1 and December 1 of each year and ending on and including the day preceding the first day of the next succeeding Dividend Period (other than the initial Dividend Period, which shall commence on the Original Issue Date and end on and include February 28, 2007, and other than the Dividend Period during which any shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed pursuant to Section 5, which shall end on and include the redemption date with respect to the shares of Series A Preferred Stock being redeemed).
 
“Excess Stock” shall have the meaning set forth in Article V of the Charter.
 
“Exchange Act” shall mean the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
 
“NASDAQ” shall mean The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC or a successor that is a national securities exchange registered under Section 6 of the Exchange Act.
 
“NYSE” shall mean the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. or a successor that is a national securities exchange registered under Section 6 of the Exchange Act.
 
“Original Issue Date” shall mean the first date on which the Series A Preferred Stock is issued and sold.
 
“Ownership Limit” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2(a) of Article V of the Charter.
 
“Parity Preferred” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6 hereof.
 
“Preferred Directors” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6 hereof.
 
“Preferred Dividend Default” shall have the meaning set forth in Section 6 hereof.
 
“Preferred Stock” shall mean the preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share, of the Corporation.
 
“Stock” shall mean all classes of capital stock of the Corporation, including Excess Stock.
 

 
Page 2 of 13

 

“Transfer Agent” shall mean American Stock Transfer & Trust Company or such other agent or agents of the Corporation as may be designated by the Board of Directors or its designee as the transfer agent, registrar and dividend disbursing agent for the Series A Preferred Stock.
 
“Trust” shall mean the trust created pursuant to Section 5(b) of Article V of the Charter.
 
Section 3.
Dividends and Distributions.
 
(a)           Subject to the preferential rights of the holders of any class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends, the holders of the then outstanding Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive, when, as and if authorized by the Board of Directors and declared by the Corporation, out of funds legally available for the payment of dividends, cumulative cash dividends at the rate of 7.625% per annum of the $25.00 liquidation preference per share of the Series A Preferred Stock (equivalent to a fixed amount of $1.90625 per share of the Series A Preferred Stock per annum); provided, however, that during any period of time that both (i) the Series A Preferred Stock is not listed on the NYSE, AMEX or NASDAQ and (ii) the Corporation is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, but Series A Preferred Stock is outstanding, the Corporation will increase the cumulative cash dividends payable on the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock to a rate of 8.625% per year of the $25.00 liquidation preference (equivalent to $2.15625 per share of Series A Preferred Stock per annum).  Such dividends shall accrue and be cumulative from and including the Original Issue Date and shall be payable quarterly in arrears on each Dividend Payment Date, commencing March 15, 2007; provided, however, that if any Dividend Payment Date is not a Business Day, the dividend which would otherwise have been payable on such Dividend Payment Date may be paid or set aside for payment on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if paid on such Dividend Payment Date, and no interest or additional dividends or other sums shall accrue on the amount so payable from such Dividend Payment Date to such next succeeding Business Day.
 
The initial partial dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock will cover the period from the Original Issue Date through February 28, 2007 and will be paid on March 15, 2007.  The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for each full Dividend Period shall be computed by dividing $1.90625 (or $2.15625, if such higher rate is then applicable) by four (4), regardless of the actual number of days in such full Dividend Period.  If the rate increases from 7.625% to 8.625% during any Dividend Period, the amount of the dividend payable shall be computed based on the number of days elapsed at the applicable rate during the Dividend Period and on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months using the applicable dividend rate.  The amount of any dividend payable on the Series A Preferred Stock for any partial Dividend Period, including the initial Dividend Period, shall be prorated and computed on the basis of a 360-day year consisting of twelve 30-day months.  Dividends will be payable to holders of record as they appear in the stockholder records of the Corporation at the close of business on the applicable Dividend Payment Record Date.  Notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained herein, each outstanding share of Series A Preferred Stock shall be entitled to receive a dividend with respect to any Dividend Payment Record Date equal to the dividend paid with respect to each other share of Series A Preferred Stock that is outstanding on such Dividend Payment Record Date.
 

 
Page 3 of 13

 

(b)           No dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared by the Corporation or paid or set apart for payment by the Corporation at such time as the terms and provisions of any agreement of the Corporation, including any agreement relating to its indebtedness, prohibits such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment or provides that such declaration, payment or setting apart for payment would constitute a breach thereof or a default thereunder, or if such declaration, or payment or setting apart for payment shall be restricted or prohibited by law.
 
(c)           Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary, dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock shall accrue whether or not (i) the terms and provisions set forth in Section 3(b) hereof at any time prohibit the current payment of dividends, (ii) the Corporation has earnings, (iii) there are funds legally available for the payment of such dividends and (iv) such dividends are declared.  Accrued but unpaid dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock will accumulate as of the Dividend Payment Date on which they first become payable.  No interest shall be payable in respect of any accrued but unpaid dividend on the Series A Preferred Stock.
 
(d)           Except as provided in Section 3(e) below, no dividends shall be declared or paid or set apart for payment and no other distribution of cash or other property may be declared or made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect to Common Stock or shares of any other class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock (other than a dividend paid in Common Stock or in shares of any other class or series of equity securities ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation) for any period, nor shall any Common Stock or any other shares of any other class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to dividends or upon liquidation, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock be redeemed, purchased or otherwise acquired for any consideration and no other distribution of cash or other property may be made, directly or indirectly, on or with respect thereto (or any moneys be paid to or made available for a sinking fund for the redemption of any such shares) by the Corporation (except by conversion into or exchange for other shares of any class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends and upon liquidation and except for the acquisition of shares made pursuant to the provisions of Article V of the Charter), unless full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock for all past dividend periods shall have been or contemporaneously are (i) declared and paid in cash or (ii) declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash is set apart for such payment.
 
(e)           When dividends are not paid in full (or a sum sufficient for such full payment is not so set apart) upon the Series A Preferred Stock and the shares of any other class or series of equity securities ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock, all dividends declared upon the Series A Preferred Stock and each such other class or series of equity securities ranking, as to dividends, on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall be declared pro rata so that the amount of dividends declared per share of Series A Preferred Stock and such other class or series of equity securities shall in all cases bear to each other the same ratio that accrued dividends per share on the Series A Preferred Stock and such other class or series of equity securities (which shall not include any accrual in respect of unpaid dividends on such other class or series of equity securities for prior dividend periods if such other class or series of equity securities does not have a cumulative dividend) bear to each other.  No interest, or sum of
 

 
Page 4 of 13

 

money in lieu of interest, shall be payable in respect of any dividend payment or payments on the Series A Preferred Stock which may be in arrears.
 
(f)           Holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to any dividend, whether payable in cash, property or stock, in excess of full cumulative dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock as provided herein.  Any dividend payment made on the Series A Preferred Stock shall first be credited against the earliest accrued but unpaid dividends due with respect to such shares which remains payable.
 
(g)           If, for any taxable year, the Corporation elects to designate as “capital gain dividends” (as defined in Section 857 of the Code or any successor revenue code or section) any portion (the “Capital Gains Amount”) of the total distributions not in excess of the Corporation’s earnings and profits (as determined for United States federal income tax purposes) paid or made available for such taxable year to holders of all classes and series of capital stock (the “Total Distributions”), then the portion of the Capital Gains Amount that shall be allocable to holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be in the same proportion that the Total Distributions paid or made available to the holders of Series A Preferred Stock for such taxable year bears to the Total Distributions for such taxable year made with respect to all classes or series of capital stock outstanding.
 
Section 4.
Liquidation Preference.
 
Upon any voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation, before any distribution or payment shall be made to holders of Common Stock or any other class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to liquidation rights, junior to the Series A Preferred Stock, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock then outstanding shall be entitled to be paid out of the assets of the Corporation legally available for distribution to its stockholders a liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment (whether or not declared).  Upon any such voluntary or involuntary liquidation, dissolution or winding-up, the available assets of the Corporation are insufficient to pay the amount of the liquidating distributions on all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock and the corresponding amounts payable on all shares of other classes or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to liquidation rights, on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock in the distribution of assets, the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock and each such other class or series of shares of equity securities ranking, as to liquidation rights, on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock shall share ratably in any such distribution of assets in proportion to the full liquidating distributions to which they would otherwise be respectively entitled.  Written notice of any such liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, stating the payment date or dates when, and the place or places where, the amounts distributable in such circumstances shall be payable, shall be given by first-class mail, postage pre-paid, not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the payment date stated therein, to each record holder of Series A Preferred Stock at the respective addresses of such holders as the same shall appear on the stock transfer records of the Corporation.  After payment of the full amount of the liquidating distributions to which they are entitled, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock will have no right or claim to any of the remaining assets of the Corporation.  The consolidation or merger of the Corporation with or into any other corporation, trust or entity, or the sale, lease, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of the property or business of the Corporation,
 

 
Page 5 of 13

 

shall not be deemed to constitute a liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation.  In determining whether a distribution (other than upon voluntary or involuntary dissolution) by dividend, redemption or other acquisition of shares of stock of the Corporation or otherwise is permitted under the Maryland General Corporation Law, amounts that would be needed, if the Corporation were to be dissolved at the time of the distribution, to satisfy the preferential rights upon dissolution of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock will not be added to the Corporation’s total liabilities.
 
Section 5.
Redemption.
 
(a)           Series A Preferred Stock shall not be redeemable prior to December 5, 2011, except pursuant to Article V of the Charter or in order to ensure that the Corporation remains qualified as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for United States federal income tax purposes.
 
(b)           On or after December 5, 2011, the Corporation, at its option, upon not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days’ written notice, may redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole or in part, at any time or from time to time, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) thereon to and including the date fixed for redemption, without interest.  If less than all of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock is to be redeemed, the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall be redeemed pro rata (as nearly as may be practicable without creating fractional shares), by lot or by any other equitable method determined by the Board of Directors of the Corporation that will not result in a violation of the Ownership Limit.  If such redemption is to be by lot and, as a result of such redemption, any holder of Series A Preferred Stock would become a holder of Series A Preferred Stock in excess of the Ownership Limit because such holder’s Series A Preferred Stock was not redeemed, or was only redeemed in part, then, except as otherwise provided in the Charter, the Corporation will redeem the requisite number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock of such holder such that no holder will hold in excess of the Ownership Limit subsequent to such redemption.
 
(c)           During any period of time that both (i) the Series A Preferred Stock is not listed on the NYSE, AMEX or NASDAQ and (ii) the Corporation is not subject to the reporting requirements of the Exchange Act, but any shares of Series A Preferred Stock are outstanding, the Corporation will have the option to redeem the Series A Preferred Stock, in whole but not in part, within 90 days after the date upon which the Series A Preferred Stock ceases to be listed and the Corporation ceases to be subject to such reporting requirements, for a redemption price of $25.00 per share, plus all dividends accrued and unpaid (whether or not declared), if any, to the date such shares are redeemed as provided in this Section 5(c), upon the giving of notice as provided in Section 5(h).
 
(d)           Holders of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall be entitled to the redemption price of $25.00 per share plus any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) payable upon such redemption.  If (i) notice of redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock has been given, (ii) the funds necessary for such redemption have been set aside by the Corporation in trust for the benefit of the holders of any Series A Preferred Stock so called for redemption and (iii) irrevocable instructions have been given to pay the redemption price and all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared), then from and after the redemption date dividends shall cease to accrue on such Series A Preferred Stock, such shares of Series A Preferred Stock
 

 
Page 6 of 13

 

shall no longer be deemed outstanding and all rights of the holders of such shares will terminate, except the right to receive the redemption price plus any accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) payable upon such redemption, without interest.  So long as no dividends are in arrears, nothing herein shall prevent or restrict the Corporation’s right or ability to purchase, from time to time either at a public or a private sale, all or any part of the Series A Preferred Stock at such price or prices as the Corporation may determine, subject to the provisions of applicable law, including the repurchase of shares of Series A Preferred Stock in open-market transactions duly authorized by the Board of Directors.
 
(e)           The deposit of funds with a bank or trust corporation for the purpose of redeeming Series A Preferred Stock shall be irrevocable except that:
 
 
(i)
the Corporation shall be entitled to receive from such bank or trust corporation the interest or other earnings, if any, earned on any money so deposited in trust, and the holders of any shares redeemed shall have no claim to such interest or other earnings; and
 
 
(ii)
any balance of monies so deposited by the Corporation and unclaimed by the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock entitled thereto at the expiration of two (2) years from the applicable redemption dates shall be repaid, together with any interest or other earnings thereon, to the Corporation, and after any such repayment, the holders of the shares entitled to the funds so repaid to the Corporation shall look only to the Corporation for payment without interest or other earnings.
 
(f)           The Corporation may redeem all or a part of the Series A Preferred Stock if the Board of Directors determines that such redemption is necessary or advisable to preserve the status of the Corporation as a qualified REIT in accordance with the terms and conditions set forth in this Section 5 of these Articles Supplementary.  If the Corporation calls for redemption any Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to and in accordance with this Section 5(f), then, the redemption price for such shares will be an amount in cash equal to $25.00 per share, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) thereon to and including the date fixed for redemption, without interest.
 
(g)           Unless full cumulative dividends on all Series A Preferred Stock shall have been or contemporaneously are declared and paid in cash or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof in cash set apart for payment for all past dividend periods, no Series A Preferred Stock shall be redeemed unless all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock is simultaneously redeemed and the Corporation shall not purchase or otherwise acquire directly or indirectly any Series A Preferred Stock or any class or series of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to dividends or upon liquidation, on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock (except by exchange for shares of equity securities of the Corporation ranking, as to dividends and upon liquidation, junior to the Series A Preferred Stock); provided, however, that the foregoing shall not prevent the purchase of Series A Preferred Stock or any other class or series of equity securities of the Corporation by the Corporation in accordance with the terms of Section 5(f) hereof or Article V of the Charter or otherwise to ensure that the Corporation remains qualified as a REIT for United States federal income tax purposes or the purchase or
 

 
Page 7 of 13

 

acquisition of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to a purchase or exchange offer made on the same terms to holders of all outstanding Series A Preferred Stock.
 
(h)           Notice of redemption shall be mailed by the Corporation, postage prepaid, as of a date set by the Corporation not fewer than 30 nor more than 60 days prior to the redemption date, addressed to the respective holders of record of the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed at their respective addresses as they appear on the share transfer records of the Transfer Agent.  Failure to give such notice or any defect thereto or in the mailing thereof shall not affect the sufficiency of notice or validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any Series A Preferred Stock except as to a holder to whom notice was defective or not given.  A redemption notice which has been mailed in the manner provided herein shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given on the date mailed whether or not the holder received the redemption notice.  In addition to any information required by law or the applicable rules of any exchange upon which Series A Preferred Stock may be listed or admitted to trading, each notice shall state (i) the redemption date; (ii) the redemption price; (iii) the total number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed and; (iv) that dividends on the Series A Preferred Stock to be redeemed shall cease to accrue on such redemption date.  If less than all of the Series A Preferred Stock held by any holder is to be redeemed, the notice mailed to such holder shall also specify the number of shares of Series A Preferred Stock held by such holder to be redeemed.
 
(i)           If a redemption date falls after a Dividend Payment Record Date and on or prior to the corresponding Dividend Payment Date, each holder of Series A Preferred Stock at the close of business of such Dividend Payment Record Date shall be entitled to the dividend payable on such shares on the corresponding Dividend Payment Date notwithstanding the redemption of such shares on or prior to such Dividend Payment Date, and each holder of Series A Preferred Stock that is redeemed on such redemption date will be entitled to the dividends accruing after the end of the Dividend Period to which such Dividend Payment Date relates up to and including the redemption date.  Except as provided herein, the Corporation shall make no payment or allowance for unpaid dividends, whether or not in arrears, on Series A Preferred Stock which are redeemed.
 
(j)           The Series A Preferred Stock is subject to the provisions of Article V of the Charter, including, without limitation, the provision for the redemption of Excess Stock.  In addition to the redemption rights set forth in Article V of the Charter, Excess Stock issued upon exchange of Series A Preferred Stock pursuant to such Article may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at any time when outstanding Series A Preferred Stock are being redeemed, for cash at a redemption price of $25.00 per share of Series A Preferred Stock, plus all accrued and unpaid dividends (whether or not declared) on the Series A Preferred Stock that were exchanged for such Excess Stock, through the date of such exchange, without interest.  If the Corporation elects to redeem Excess Stock pursuant to the redemption right set forth in the preceding sentence, such Excess Stock shall be redeemed in such proportion and in accordance with such procedures as Series A Preferred Stock are being redeemed.
 
Section 6.
Voting Rights.
 
(a)           Holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any voting rights, except as set forth in this Section 6.
 

 
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(b)           Whenever dividends on any Series A Preferred Stock shall have not been paid for six or more Dividend Periods (whether or not declared or consecutive) (a “Preferred Dividend Default”), the holders of such Series A Preferred Stock (voting separately as a class with all other series of preferred stock ranking on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock as to dividends or upon liquidation and upon which like voting rights have been conferred and are exercisable (“Parity Preferred”)) will be entitled to vote for the election of a total of two additional directors of the Corporation (the “Preferred Directors”), and the number of directors on the Board of Directors shall increase by two, at a special meeting called by the holders of record of at least 10% of the Series A Preferred Stock or of any other series of Parity Preferred so in arrears (unless such request is received fewer than 90 days before the date fixed for the next annual or special meeting of stockholders) or at the next annual meeting of stockholders, and at each subsequent annual meeting until all dividends accumulated on such Series A Preferred Stock for the past dividend periods and the dividend for the then current dividend period shall have been fully paid or declared and a sum sufficient for the payment thereof set aside for payment.
 
(c)           If and when all accumulated dividends and the dividend for the then current dividend period on the Series A Preferred Stock shall have been paid in full or set aside for payment in full, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock shall be divested of the voting rights set forth in Section 6(b) hereof (subject to revesting in the event of each subsequent Preferred Dividend Default) and, if all accumulated dividends and the dividend for the current dividend period have been paid in full or set aside for payment in full on all other series of Parity Preferred, the term of office of each Preferred Director so elected shall terminate and the number of directors on the Board of Directors shall decrease by two.  Any Preferred Director may be removed at any time with or without cause by the vote of, and shall not be removed otherwise than by the vote of, the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in Section 6(b) (voting separately as a class with the Parity Preferred).  So long as a Preferred Dividend Default shall continue, any vacancy in the office of a Preferred Director may be filled by written consent of the Preferred Director remaining in office, or, if none remains in office, by a vote of the holders of record of a majority of the outstanding Series A Preferred Stock when they have the voting rights set forth in Section 6(b) (voting separately as a class with all other series of Parity Preferred).  The Preferred Directors shall each be entitled to one vote per director on any matter.
 
(d)           So long as any Series A Preferred Stock remains outstanding, the affirmative vote or consent of the holders of at least 66 2/3% of the Series A Preferred Stock outstanding at the time, given in person or by proxy, either in writing or at a meeting (voting separately as a single class), will be required to:
 
 
(i)
authorize, create or issue, or increase the authorized or issued amount of, any class or series of equity securities ranking senior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to payment of dividends or the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding-up of the affairs of the Corporation or reclassify any authorized equity securities of the Corporation into such equity securities, or create, authorize or issue any obligation or security convertible into or evidencing the right to purchase any such senior equity securities; or
 

 
Page 9 of 13

 

 
(ii)
amend, alter or repeal the provisions of the Charter or these terms of the Series A Preferred Stock, whether by merger, consolidation, transfer or conveyance of all or substantially all of its assets or otherwise (an “Event”), so as to materially and adversely affect any right, preference, privilege or voting power of the Series A Preferred Stock; provided, however, with respect to the occurrence of any Event, so long as (A) shares into which the Series A Preferred Stock have been converted in any successor entity to the Corporation remain outstanding with the terms thereof materially unchanged or (B) as a result of such Event, the holders of Series A Preferred Stock receive cash equal to the liquidation preference of $25.00 per share, plus an amount equal to any accrued and unpaid dividends to the date of payment (whether or not declared) in exchange for their shares of Series A Preferred Stock, the occurrence of such Event shall not be deemed to materially and adversely affect such rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of holders of Series A Preferred Stock, and in such case such holders shall not have any voting rights with respect to the occurrence of an Event; provided further that holders of the Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to vote with respect to any increase in the amount of the authorized Common Stock or Preferred Stock or the creation or issuance of any other class or series of equity securities, in each case ranking on a parity with or junior to the Series A Preferred Stock with respect to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets upon liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation.
 
(e)           The foregoing voting provisions of this Section 6 shall not apply if, at or prior to the time when the act with respect to which such vote would otherwise be required shall be effected, all outstanding shares of Series A Preferred Stock shall have been redeemed or called for redemption upon proper notice and sufficient funds, in cash, shall have been deposited in trust to effect such redemption.
 
(f)           Except as expressly stated herein, the Series A Preferred Stock will not have any relative, participating, optional or other special voting rights and powers and the consent of the holders thereof shall not be required for the taking of any corporate action, including but not limited to, any merger or consolidation of the Corporation or a sale of all or substantially all of the assets of the Corporation, irrespective of the effect that such merger, consolidation or sale may have upon the rights, preferences, privileges or voting power of the holders of the Series A Preferred Stock.
 
Section 7.
Conversion.
 
The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be convertible into or exchangeable for any other property or securities of the Corporation or any other entity, except in accordance with Article V of the Charter.
 
Section 8.
Ranking.
 
In respect of rights to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the affairs of the Corporation, the Series A Preferred Stock shall rank (i) senior to all classes or series of the Corporation’s Common Stock and to all other equity securities issued by the Corporation ranking junior to the Series A Preferred Stock
 

 
Page 10 of 13

 

as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, (ii) on a parity with all equity securities issued by the Corporation in the future the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank on a parity with the Series A Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation, and (iii) junior to all equity securities issued by the Corporation in the future the terms of which specifically provide that such equity securities rank senior to the Series A Preferred Stock as to the payment of dividends and the distribution of assets in the event of any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Corporation.  The term “equity securities” does not include convertible debt securities, which will rank senior to the Series A Preferred Stock prior to conversion.  All Series A Preferred Stock shall rank equally with one another and shall be identical in all respects.
 
Section 9.
Restrictions on Transfer, Acquisition and Redemption of Shares.
 
The Series A Preferred Stock is governed by and issued subject to all of the limitations, terms and conditions of the Corporation’s Charter, including but not limited to the terms and conditions (including exceptions and exemptions) of Article V of the Charter.  The foregoing sentence shall not be construed to limit to the Series A Preferred Stock the applicability of any other term or provision of the Charter.
 
Section 10.
Status of Acquired Series A Preferred Stock.
 
All Series A Preferred Stock which shall have been issued and reacquired in any manner by the Corporation shall be returned to the status of authorized but unissued Common Stock of the Corporation, without further designation as to class or series.
 
Section 11.
Record Holders.
 
The Corporation and the Transfer Agent may deem and treat the record holder of any Series A Preferred Stock as the true and lawful owner thereof for all purposes, and neither the Corporation nor the Transfer Agent shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.  Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors (and except in connection with a global certificate held by a securities depositary), holders of Series A Preferred Stock are not entitled to certificates representing the Series A Preferred Stock held by them.
 
Section 12.
Sinking Fund.
 
The Series A Preferred Stock shall not be entitled to the benefits of any retirement or sinking fund.
 
Section 13.
Exclusion of Other Rights.
 
The Series A Preferred Stock shall not have any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption other than expressly set forth in the Charter and these Articles Supplementary.
 

 
Page 11 of 13

 
 
Section 14.
Headings of Subdivisions.
 
The headings of the various subdivisions hereof are for convenience of reference only and shall not affect the interpretation of any of the provisions hereof.
 
Section 15.
Severability of Provisions.
 
If any preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Charter and these Articles Supplementary are invalid, unlawful or incapable of being enforced by reason of any rule of law or public policy, all other preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of Series A Preferred Stock set forth in the Charter which can be given effect without the invalid, unlawful or unenforceable provision thereof shall, nevertheless, remain in full force and effect and no preferences or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption of the Series A Preferred Stock herein set forth shall be deemed dependent upon any other provision thereof unless so expressed therein.
 
THIRD:  The undersigned President of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation acknowledges the foregoing Articles Supplementary to be the duly authorized act of said Corporation and hereby certifies to the best of his knowledge, information and belief that the matters and facts set forth herein with respect to the authorization and approval thereof are true in all material respects under the penalties for perjury.
 
[Remainder of page intentionally left blank. Signature page follows.]
 

 
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IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Corporation has caused these Articles Supplementary to be executed under seal in its name and on its behalf by its President and attested to by its Secretary on this 30th day of November 2006.
 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION


By:  /s/ Eugene W. Landy
Name:  Eugene W. Landy
Title:  President



[SEAL]


ATTEST:



By:  /s/ Elizabeth Chiarella
Name:  Elizabeth Chiarella
Title:  Secretary


 
Page 13 of 13

 
 

ARTICLES OF AMENDMENT
 
The Charter of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation (“the Company”), a Maryland corporation, is hereby amended to authorize the Company to issue an additional 6,322,500 shares of common stock.
 
 
1.
This Amendment has been approved by a majority of the entire Board of Directors at a meeting held on June 16, 2008.
 
 
2.
This Amendment is expressly authorized by Section 2-105(a)12 of the Maryland Code, and may be made without action by the stockholders.
 
 
3.
As a result of the Articles Supplementary Establishing and Fixing the Rights and Preferences of 7.625% Series A Cumulative Redeemable Preferred Stock , filed on December 1, 2006, the total number of shares of stock that the Company had authority to issue immediately before this Amendment was 35,000,000, classified as 28,677,500 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, 1,322,500 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares, par value $.01 per share of excess stock.  The total number of shares of stock that the Company has authority to issue as per this Amendment is 41,322,500, classified as 35,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $.01 per share, 1,322,500 shares of preferred stock, par value $.01 per share, and 5,000,000 shares of excess stock, par value $.01 per share.
 
 
4.
The Company has authority to issue common stock, preferred stock and excess stock as set forth in paragraph 3 above.
 
 
5.
The par value of each share of stock is $.01.
 
 
6.
The aggregate par value of all of the shares of authorized stock is now $413,225.  The aggregate par value of all the shares of authorized stock prior to this amendment was $350,000.
 
We, the undersigned President and Secretary, swear under penalties of perjury that the foregoing is a corporate act.
 
Dated:  June 20, 2008
 
/s/ Eugene W. Landy
By:           Eugene Landy, President
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation


/s/ Elizabeth Chiarella
By:           Elizabeth Chiarella, Secretary
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation


State of New Jersey             :
:S.S.

 
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County of Monmouth  :

Sworn and subscribed to before me this 20th day of June, 2008.
 
Robin Offsey
Notary Public


 
Page 2 of 2

 
 


EXHIBIT 3.2
 

 
BYLAWS
 
OF
 
MREIC MARYLAND, INC.
 

 
 
 

 


TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
 
 
 

                                                                     
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                  ii                                   
 
 

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 

                                                                     
 
iii

 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 


                                                                     
 
iv 

 


BYLAWS
 
OF
 
MREIC MARYLAND, INC.
 

 
ART ICLE I
 

 
OFFICES
 
Sec tion 1.
PRINCIPAL OFFICE
 
The principal office of the Corporation shall be located in Maryland at such place as the Board of Directors may designate.
 
Sec tion 2.
ADDITIONAL OFFICES
 
The Corporation may have its principal executive offices and additional offices at such places as the Board of Directors may from time to time determine or the business of the Corporation may require.
 
ART ICLE II
 

 
STOCKHOLDERS
 
Sec tion 1.
ANNUAL MEETING
 
Beginning in 2004, the Corporation shall hold an annual meeting of its stockholders to elect directors and transact any other business within its powers at such time and on such date during the month of April in each year, as the Board of Directors shall set. Except as these Bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation (the "Charter") or statute provides otherwise, any business may be considered at an annual meeting without the purpose of the meeting having been specified in the notice. Failure to hold an annual meeting does not invalidate the Corporation's existence or affect any otherwise valid corporate acts.
 
Sec tion 2.
SPECIAL MEETING
 
At any time in the interval between annual meetings, a special meeting of the stockholders may be called by the Chairman of the Board, by the President or by a majority of the Board of Directors by a vote at a meeting or in writing (addressed to the Secretary) with or without a meeting. Subject to the procedures set forth in Section 11 of this Article II and this Section, special meetings of the stockholders shall be called by the Secretary at the request of stockholders only on the written request of stockholders entitled to cast at least a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at the meeting. A request for a special meeting shall state the purpose of such meeting and the matters proposed to be acted on at such meeting. The Secretary shall
 

                                                                    
 
1

 

inform the stockholders making such request of the reasonably estimated costs of preparing and mailing a notice of the meeting and, upon such stockholders' payment to the Corporation of such costs, the Secretary shall give notice to each stockholder entitled to notice of the meeting. The Board of Directors shall have sole power to fix the date and time of the special meeting.
 
Sec tion 3.
PLACE OF MEETINGS
 
Meetings of stockholders shall be held at such place as is set from time to time by the Board of Directors.
 
Sec tion 4.
NOTICE
 
Not less than ten nor more than 90 days before each meeting of stockholders, the Secretary shall give written notice of the meeting to each stockholder entitled to vote at such meeting and to each stockholder not entitled to vote who is entitled to notice of the meeting. The notice shall state the time and place of the meeting and, if a special meeting or notice of the purpose is required by statute, the purpose of the meeting. Notice is given to a stockholder when it is personally delivered to the stockholder, left at the stockholder's residence or usual place of business, mailed to him or her at his or her address as it appears on the records of the Corporation or transmitted to the stockholder by electronic mail to any electronic mail address of the stockholder or by any other electronic means.
 
Sec tion 5.
QUORUM; ADJOURNMENTS
 
Unless statute or the Charter provides otherwise, at a meeting of stockholders, the presence in person or by proxy of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast at such meeting shall constitute a quorum; but this section shall not affect any requirement under any statute or the Charter of the Corporation for the vote necessary for the adoption of any measure.
 
Whether or not a quorum is present at any meeting of the stockholders, a majority of the stockholders entitled to vote and present at such meeting, in person or by proxy, shall have power to adjourn the meeting from time to time to a date not more than 120 days after the original record date without notice other than announcement at the meeting. At such adjourned meeting at which a quorum is present, any business may be transacted which might have been transacted at the meeting as originally notified.
 
Sec tion 6.
VOTING
 
Except as otherwise provided in the Charter or in Article III, Section 3, a director is elected at a duly called annual or special meeting of stockholders at which a quorum is present by a plurality of the votes cast. A majority of the votes cast at a meeting of stockholders duly called and at which a quorum is present is sufficient to approve any other matter which may properly come before the meeting, unless more than a majority of the votes cast is required by statute or by the Charter of the Corporation. Unless otherwise provided in the Charter or with respect to a particular class or series of stock as determined by the Board of Directors and other than Excess Stock (as defined in the Charter) of the Corporation, each outstanding share of stock,
 

                                                                   
 
2

 

regardless of class, shall be entitled to one vote on each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of stockholders; however, a share is not entitled to be voted if it is not fully paid.
 
Sec tion 7.
PROXIES
 
A stockholder may vote the stock the stockholder owns of record either in person or by proxy. A stockholder may sign a writing authorizing another person to act as proxy. Signing may be accomplished by the stockholder or the stockholder's authorized agent signing the writing or causing the stockholder's signature to be affixed to the writing by any reasonable means, including facsimile signature. A stockholder may authorize another person to act as proxy by transmitting, or authorizing the transmission of, an authorization by a telegram, cablegram, datagram, electronic mail or any other electronic or telephonic means to the person authorized to act as proxy or to any other person authorized to receive the proxy authorization on behalf of the person authorized to act as the proxy, including a proxy solicitation firm, proxy support service organization, or other person authorized by the person who will act as proxy to receive the transmission. Unless a proxy provides otherwise, it will not be valid more than 11 months after its date. A proxy is revocable by a stockholder at any time without condition or qualification unless the proxy states that it is irrevocable and the proxy is coupled with an interest. The interest with which a proxy may be coupled includes an interest in the stock to be voted under the proxy or another general interest in the Corporation or its assets or liabilities. Before or at the time of the meeting, a proxy shall be filed with the Secretary of the Corporation or with any person authorized by the Secretary to receive proxy authorizations and who shall promptly submit such proxy authorizations to the Secretary.
 
Sec tion 8.
ORGANIZATION
 
Every meeting of stockholders shall be conducted by the Chairman of the Board, or in case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the Chairman of the Board, by the President, or in the case of a vacancy in the office or absence of the President, by one of the following officers present at the meeting: the Vice Presidents in their order of rank and seniority, or, in the absence of such officers, a chairman chosen by the stockholders by the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present in person or by proxy. The Secretary, or, in the Secretary's absence, an Assistant Secretary, or in the absence of both the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries, a person appointed by the Board of Directors or, in the absence of such appointment, a person appointed by the chairman of the meeting shall act as secretary. In the event that the Secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an Assistant Secretary shall record the minutes of the meeting. The order of business and all other matters of procedure at any meeting of stockholders shall be determined by the chairman of the meeting. The chairman of the meeting may prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures and take such actions as, in the discretion of such chairman, are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting, including, without limitation, (a) restricting admission to the time set for the commencement of the meeting; (b) limiting attendance at the meeting to stockholders of record of the Corporation, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (c) limiting participation at the meeting on any matter to stockholders of record of the Corporation entitled to vote on such matter, their duly authorized proxies or other such persons as the chairman of the meeting may determine; (d) limiting the time allotted to questions or comments by participants; (e) maintaining order and security at the meeting; (f) removing any stockholder who refuses to comply with meeting
 

                                                                    
 
3

 

procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the chairman of the meeting; and (g) recessing or adjourning the meeting to a later date and time and place announced at the meeting. Unless otherwise determined by the chairman of the meeting, meetings of stockholders shall not be required to be held in accordance with the rules of parliamentary procedure.
 
Sec tion 9.
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
 
Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at an annual meeting of stockholders (a) pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting, (b) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (c) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice(s) provided for in Section 11 and Section 12 of this Article II, (ii) who is entitled to vote at the meeting and (iii) who complied with the notice procedures and requirements set forth in Section 11 and Section 12 of this Article II. Nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors and the proposal of business to be considered by the stockholders may be made at a special meeting of stockholders (a) only pursuant to the Corporation's notice of meeting and (b), in the case of nominations of persons for election to the Board of Directors, (i) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors or (ii) by any stockholder of the Corporation (A) who was a stockholder of record at the time of giving notice provided for in Section 11, (B) who is entitled to vote at the meeting and (C) who complied with the notice procedures and requirements set forth in Section 11 of this Article II. The chairman of the meeting shall have the power and duty to determine whether a nomination or any business proposed to be brought before the meeting was made in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 11 and Section 12 of this Article II and this Section and, if any proposed nomination or business is not in compliance with Section 11 and Section 12 of this Article II and this Section, to declare that such defective nomination or proposal be disregarded.
 
Sec tion 10.
INSPECTORS
 
At any meeting of stockholders, the chairman of the meeting may, or upon the request of stockholders, present in person or proxy, entitled to cast 10% in number of votes entitled to be cast, shall, appoint one or more persons as inspectors for such meeting. Such inspectors shall ascertain and report the number of shares represented at the meeting based upon their determination of the validity and effect of proxies, count all votes, report the results and perform such other acts as are proper to conduct the election and voting with impartiality and fairness to all the stockholders.
 
Each report of an inspector shall be in writing and signed by him or by a majority of them if there is more than one inspector acting at such meeting. If there is more than one inspector, the report of a majority shall be the report of the inspectors. The report of the inspector or inspectors on the number of shares represented at the meeting and the results of the voting shall be prima facie evidence thereof.
 
Sec tion 11.
ADVANCE NOTICE PROVISIONS FOR ELECTION OF DIRECTORS
 
Only persons who are nominated in accordance with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as directors of the Corporation. Nominations of persons for election to the
 

                                                                    
 
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Board of Directors may be made at any annual meeting of stockholders, or at any special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, (a) by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (b) by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is a stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section, on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the meeting and on the date of the meeting, and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section. A stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation (a) in the case of an annual meeting, not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of the mailing of the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days or delayed by more than 60 days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered (x) not earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting and (y) not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting or the 10th day following the day on which public announcement of the date of mailing of such meeting is first made; and (b) in the case of a special meeting of stockholders called for the purpose of electing directors, not earlier than the 120th day prior to such special meeting and not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to such special meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public disclosure of the date of the special meeting was made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary must be in writing and set forth (a) as to each person whom the stockholder proposes to nominate for election as a director, all information relating to such person that is required to be disclosed in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act") and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder; and (b) as to the stockholder giving the notice (i) the name and address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation's books and of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the nomination is made, (ii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (iii) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and each proposed nominee and any other person or persons (including their names) pursuant to which the nomination(s) are to be made by such stockholder, (iv) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person at the meeting to nominate the persons named in its notice and (v) any other information relating to such stockholder that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings required to be made in connection with solicitations of proxies for election of directors pursuant to Regulation 14A of the Exchange Act and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder. Such notice must be accompanied by a written consent of each proposed nominee to be named as a nominee and to serve as a director if elected.  No person shall be eligible for election as a director of the Corporation unless nominated in accordance with the procedures set forth in this Section. If the chairman of the meeting determines that a nomination was not made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman of the meeting shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective and such defective nomination shall be disregarded. No adjournment or postponement of a meeting of stockholders shall commence a new period for the giving of notice of a stockholder proposal hereunder.
 

                                                                   
 
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Sec tion 12.                      ADVANCE NOTICE PROVISIONS FOR BUSINESS TO BE TRANSACTED AT ANNUAL MEETING
 
No business may be transacted at an annual meeting of stockholders, other than business that is either (a) specified in the notice of meeting (or any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof), (b) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of Directors (or any duly authorized committee thereof) or (c) otherwise properly brought before the annual meeting by any stockholder of the Corporation (i) who is stockholder of record on the date of the giving of the notice provided for in this Section, on the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to vote at the annual meeting and on the date of the annual meeting, and (ii) who complies with the notice procedures set forth in this Section. A stockholder's notice must be delivered to or mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the Corporation not less than 90 days nor more than 120 days prior to the first anniversary of mailing of the notice for the preceding year's annual meeting; provided, however, that in the event that the date of the annual meeting is advanced by more than 30 days or delayed by more than 60 days from such anniversary date, notice by the stockholder must be so delivered (x) not earlier than the 120th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting and (y) not later than the close of business on the later of the 90th day prior to the date of mailing of the notice for such annual meeting or the tenth day following the day on which public announcement of the date of such meeting is first made. A stockholder's notice to the Secretary must in writing set forth as to each matter such stockholder proposes to bring before the annual meeting (i) a brief description of the business desired to be brought before the annual meeting, the reasons for conducting such business at the annual meeting, and any material interest of the stockholder in the proposed business, (ii) the name and address of such stockholder as they appear on the Corporation's books and of the beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf the proposal is made, (iii) the class or series and number of shares of capital stock of the Corporation which are owned beneficially or of record by such stockholder and such beneficial owner, (iv) a description of all arrangements or understandings between such stockholder and any other person or persons (including their names) in connection with the proposal of such business by such stockholder and any material interest of such stockholder in such business and (v) a representation that such stockholder intends to appear in person at the annual meeting to bring such business before the meeting. If requested by the Corporation, the stockholder must provide all other information that would be required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission if, with respect to the business proposed to be brought, before the meeting, the person proposing such business was a participant in a solicitation subject to Section 14 of the Exchange Act. No business shall be conducted at the annual meeting of stockholders except business brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set forth in Section 11 of this Article II or in this Section; provided, however, that once business has been properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with such procedures, nothing in Section 11 of this Article II nor in this Section shall be deemed to preclude discussion by any stockholder of any such business. If the chairman of an annual meeting determines that business was not properly brought before the annual meeting in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chairman of the meeting shall declare to the meeting that the business was not properly brought before the meeting and such business shall not be transacted.  No adjournment or postponement of a meeting of stockholders shall commence a new period for the giving of notice of a stockholder proposal hereunder.
 

                                                                    
 
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Se ction 13.             LIST OF STOCKHOLDERS
 
At each meeting of stockholders, a full, true and complete list of all stockholders entitled to vote at such meeting, showing the number and class of shares held by each and certified by the transfer agent for such class or by the Secretary, shall be furnished by the Secretary.
 
Sec tion 14.
VOTING OF STOCK BY CERTAIN HOLDERS
 
The Board of Directors may adopt by resolution a procedure by which a stockholder may certify in writing to the Corporation that any shares of stock registered in the name of the stockholder are held for the account of a specified person other than the stockholder. The resolution shall set forth the class of stockholders who may make the certification, the purpose for which the certification may be made, the form of certification and the information to be contained in it; if the certification is with respect to a record date of closing of the stock transfer books, the time after the record date of closing of the stock transfer books within which the certification must be received by the Corporation; and any other provisions with respect to the procedure which the Board of Directors considers necessary or desirable. On receipt of such certification, the person specified in the certification shall be regarded as, for the purposes set forth in the certification, the stockholder of record of the specified stock in place of the stockholder who makes the certification.
 
ART ICLE III
 

 
DIRECTORS
 
Sec tion 1.
GENERAL POWERS; QUALIFICATIONS
 
The business and affairs of the Corporation shall be managed under the direction of its Board of Directors. All powers of the Corporation may be exercised by or under authority of the Board of Directors, except as conferred on or reserved to the stockholders by statute or by the Charter or these Bylaws.
 
Sec tion 2.
NUMBER AND TENURE
 
The Corporation shall have at least three Independent Directors, as defined in the Charter. The Corporation shall have the number of directors provided in the Charter until changed as herein provided. The Board of Directors shall be divided into three classes as and in the manner provided in the Charter. Except as the Charter provides otherwise, a majority of the entire Board of Directors may alter the number of directors set by the Charter to a number not exceeding 15 nor less than the minimum number then permitted herein, but the action may not affect the tenure of office of any director. Each director shall hold office for such term as is specified in the Charter and until his or her successor is elected and qualified, or until his or her resignation, removal (in accordance with the Charter), retirement or death.
 
Sec tion 3.
VACANCIES
 
Vacancies on the Board of Directors shall be filled as provided in the Charter of the Corporation.
 

                                                                    
 
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Sec tion 4.               REGULAR MEETINGS
 
After each meeting of stockholders at which directors shall have been elected, the Board of Directors shall meet as soon thereafter as practicable for the purpose of organization and the transaction of other business. In the event that no other time and place are specified by resolution of the Board of Directors or announced by the Secretary at such stockholders meeting, the Board of Directors shall meet immediately following the close of, and at the place of, such stockholders meeting. Any other regular meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held on such date and time and at such place as may be designated from time to time by resolution of the Board of Directors. No notice of such meeting following a stockholders meeting or any other regular meeting shall be necessary if held as hereinabove provided.
 
Sec tion 5.
SPECIAL MEETINGS
 
Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by a majority of the Directors then in office or at the request of the Chairman of the Board or the President. A special meeting of the Board of Directors shall be held on such date and at any place as may be designated from time to time by the Board of Directors. In the absence of designation such meeting shall be held at such place as may be designated in the call.
 
Sec tion 6.
NOTICE
 
Except as provided in Article III, Section 4, the Secretary shall give notice to each director of each regular and special meeting of the Board of Directors. The notice shall state the time and place of the meeting. Notice is given to a director when it is delivered personally to the director, left at the director's residence or usual place of business, or sent by telegraph, facsimile transmission, electronic mail or telephone, at least 24 hours before the time of the meeting or, in the alternative by mail to his or her address as it shall appear on the records of the Corporation, at least 72 hours before the time of the meeting. Unless these Bylaws or a resolution of the Board of Directors provides otherwise, the notice need not state the business to be transacted at or the purposes of any regular or special meeting of the Board of Directors. Any meeting of the Board of Directors, regular or special, whether or not a quorum is present, may adjourn from time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and no notice need be given of any such adjourned meeting other than by announcement.
 
Sec tion 7.
QUORUM
 
A majority of the entire Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board of Directors, provided that, if less than a majority of such directors are present at said meeting, a majority of the directors present may adjourn the meeting from time to time without further notice, and provided further that if, pursuant to the Charter or these Bylaws, the vote of a majority of a particular group of directors is required for action, a quorum must also include a majority of such group.  Interested directors may be counted in determining the existence of a quorum.
 

                                                                  
 
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Sec tion 8.               VOTING
 
The action of a majority of the directors present at a meeting at which a quorum is present shall be the action of the Board of Directors, unless the concurrence of a greater or lesser proportion is required for such action by the Charter, these Bylaws or applicable statute.
 
Sec tion 9.
MEETINGS HELD OTHER THAN IN PERSON
 
Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at a meeting.
 
Sec tion 10.
INFORMAL ACTION BY DIRECTORS
 
Any action required or permitted to be taken at a meeting of the Board of Directors may be taken without a meeting, if an unanimous consent in writing to such action is signed by each director and such written consent is filed with the minutes of proceedings of the Board of Directors.
 
Sec tion 11.
COMPENSATION OF DIRECTORS
 
Unless restricted by the Charter, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to fix the fees and other compensation of directors for their service as directors, including, without limitation, their services as members of committees of the Board of Directors. The directors may be paid their expenses, if any, for attendance at each meeting of the Board of Directors or a committee of the Board of Directors. Directors who are full-time employees of the Corporation need not be paid for attendance at meetings of the Board of Directors or committees of the Board of Directors for which fees are paid to other directors.
 
Sec tion 12.
REMOVAL OF DIRECTORS
 
A director may be removed in the manner provided in the Charter of the Corporation.
 
Sec tion 13.
RESIGNATION
 
Any director may resign at any time by sending a written notice of such resignation to the principal executive office of the Corporation addressed to the Secretary. Such resignation shall take effect upon receipt thereof by the Secretary or such other date as specified in the notice.
 
ART ICLE IV
 

 
COMMITTEES
 
Sec tion 1.
EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE
 
The Board of Directors may appoint an Executive Committee of three or more directors to whom they may delegate any of the powers and authorities of the Board of Directors. The Board of Directors may prescribe the procedures of the Executive Committee, change the
 

                                                                    
 
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membership thereof and appoint one or more directors to act as alternate members to replace absent or disqualified members.  Each of the Chairman of the Board and the President must be a member of the Executive Committee; provided, however, if the President is not also a director, the President will be an ex officio member of the Executive Committee.
 
Sec tion 2.
AUDIT COMMITTEE
 
The Board of Directors shall appoint an Audit Committee and shall ensure that the membership, duties and responsibilities of the Audit Committee comply with applicable laws and stock exchange requirements at all times.
 
Sec tion 3.
OTHER COMMITTEES
 
The Board of Directors may appoint from among its members such other committees, composed of one or more directors, to serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, and shall appoint from its members such other committees as are required by applicable laws and stock exchange requirements and shall ensure that the membership, duties and responsibilities of such committees comply with applicable laws and stock exchange requirements at all times.
 
Sec tion 4.
POWERS AND QUALIFICATIONS
 
The Board of Directors may delegate to committees appointed under this Article IV any of the powers of the Board of Directors, except the power to authorize dividends on stock, elect directors, issue stock other than as provided below, recommend to the stockholders any action which requires stockholder approval, amend the Charter or these Bylaws, or approve any merger or share exchange which does not require stockholder approval. If the Board of Directors has given general authorization for the issuance of stock providing for or establishing a method or procedure for determining the maximum number of shares to be issued, a committee of the Board, in accordance with that general authorization or any stock option or other plan or program adopted by the Board of Directors, may authorize or fix the terms of stock subject to classification or reclassification and the terms on which any stock may be issued, including all terms and conditions required or permitted to be established or authorized by the Board of Directors.
 
Sec tion 5.
CONDUCT OF BUSINESS
 
Each committee may determine the procedural rules for meeting and conducting its business and shall act in accordance therewith, except as otherwise provided herein or required by law. Adequate provisions shall be made for notice to members of all meetings; a majority of the members shall constitute a quorum, and all matters shall be determined by a majority vote of the members present. Action may be taken by any committee without a meeting if all members thereof consent thereto in writing, and the writing is filed with the minutes of the proceedings of such committee.
 
Members of a committee of the Board of Directors may participate in a meeting by means of a conference telephone or similar communications equipment if all persons participating in the meeting can hear each other at the same time. Participation in a meeting by these means constitutes presence in person at a meeting.
 

                                                                    
 
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Sec tion 6.               EMERGENCY
 
In the event of a state of disaster of sufficient severity to prevent the conduct and management of the affairs and business of the Corporation by its directors and officers as contemplated by the Charter and these Bylaws, any two or more available members of the then incumbent Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum of that Committee for the full conduct and management of the affairs and business of the Corporation in accordance with Section 4 of this Article IV. In the event of the unavailability, at such time, of a minimum of two members of the then incumbent Executive Committee, the available directors shall elect an Executive Committee consisting of any two members of the Board of Directors, whether or not they be officers of the Corporation, which two members shall constitute the Executive Committee for the full conduct and management of the affairs of the Corporation in accordance with the foregoing provisions of this Section. Any provisions of these Bylaws (other than this Section) and any resolutions which are contrary to the provisions of this Section shall be suspended until it shall be determined by any interim Executive Committee acting under this Section that it shall be to the advantage of the Corporation to resume the conduct and management of its affairs and business under all the other provisions of these Bylaws.
 
ART ICLE V
 

 
OFFICERS
 
Sec tion 1.
GENERAL PROVISIONS
 
The officers of the Corporation shall be a President, Secretary and Treasurer. The Board of Directors may elect or may empower the President to appoint such other officers as the business of the Corporation may require, including a Chairman of the Board, one or more Vice Presidents, one or more Assistant Secretaries and one or more Assistant Treasurers. The terms, compensation and duties of all officers of the Corporation shall be determined by these Bylaws or by the Board of Directors. All officers shall serve at the pleasure of the Board of Directors, subject to the rights, if any, of any officer under any employment contract.
 
Sec tion 2.
ELECTION, TENURE, REMOVAL AND RESIGNATION OF OFFICERS
 
Officers shall be elected by the Board of Directors, which shall consider that subject at its first meeting after every annual meeting of stockholders and at other meetings as may be appropriate to fill a vacancy in an office. The Board of Directors may from time to time authorize any committee or officer to appoint assistant and subordinate officers. Election or appointment of an officer, employee or agent shall not of itself create contract rights. Each officer shall hold his office until his successor is elected and qualified or until his earlier resignation or removal.  Any person may hold one or more offices except that the same person may not serve concurrently as both the President and a Vice President. The Board of Directors (or, as to any assistant or subordinate officer, any committee or officer authorized by the Board) may remove an officer at any time, with or without cause. The removal of an officer does not prejudice any of his or her contract rights. The Board of Directors (or, as to any assistant or subordinate officer, any committee or officer authorized by the Board) may fill a vacancy which occurs in any office for the unexpired portion of the term. Any officer may resign at any time by
 

                                                                    
 
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giving written notice to the Board of Directors. Any such resignation shall take effect at the date of the receipt of such notice or at any later time specified therein; and, unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Any such resignation is without prejudice to the rights, if any, of the Corporation under any contract to which the officer is a party.
 
Sec tion 3.
CHAIRMAN OF THE BOARD
 
The Corporation may have a Chairman of the Board. If elected, the Chairman of the Board, shall have the following powers and duties: The Chairman of the Board shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. Unless otherwise designated, the Chairman of the Board shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation. In general, he shall perform such duties as are customarily performed by the chief executive officer of a corporation and shall perform such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to the Chairman of the Board by the Board of Directors or as prescribed by these Bylaws. If the Corporation elects not to have a Chairman of the Board, all of the powers and duties of the Chairman of the Board shall be held and performed by the President.
 
Sec tion 4.
PRESIDENT
 
The Corporation shall have a President. In the absence of the Chairman of the Board, the President shall preside at all meetings of the stockholders and the Board of Directors. In general, he shall perform such duties as are customarily performed by the president of a corporation and shall perform such other powers and duties as may from time to time be assigned to the President by the Chairman of the Board or the Board of Directors or as prescribed by these Bylaws.
 
Sec tion 5.
VICE PRESIDENT
 
The Corporation may have one or more Vice Presidents. If elected, the Vice President shall have the following powers and duties: In the absence or disability of the President, any Vice President shall perform all of the duties of the President and when so acting shall have all of the powers of, and be subject to all of the restrictions upon, the President. The Vice President shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
Sec tion 6.
SECRETARY
 
The corporation shall have a Secretary. The Secretary shall attend all meetings of the Board of Directors and all meetings of the stockholders and record all proceedings of such meetings in a book to be kept for that purpose and shall perform like duties for the standing committees when required. The Secretary shall give, or cause to be given, notice of all meetings of the stockholders and meetings of the Board of Directors. The Secretary shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 

                                                                    
 
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Sec tion 7.                ASSISTANT SECRETARIES
 
The Corporation may have one or more Assistant Secretaries. If elected, the Assistant Secretaries shall have the following powers and duties:  In the absence of the Secretary or in the event of the Secretary's inability or refusal to act, any Assistant Secretary may perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Secretary and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
Sec tion 8.
TREASURER
 
The Corporation shall have a Treasurer. The Treasurer shall be the chief accounting and financial officer of the Corporation. The Treasurer shall have the custody of the corporate funds and securities and shall keep full and accurate accounts of receipts and disbursements and books belonging to the Corporation and shall deposit all monies and other valuable effects in the name and to the credit of the Corporation in such depositories as may be designated by the Board of Directors. The Treasurer shall also disburse the funds of the Corporation as may be ordered by the Board of Directors, and shall render to the President and the Board of Directors, at their regular meetings, or when the Board of Directors so requires, an account of all of the Treasurer's transactions and of the financial condition of the Corporation. The treasurer shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
Sec tion 9.
ASSISTANT TREASURERS
 
The Corporation may have one or more Assistant Treasurers. If elected, the Assistant Treasurers shall have the following powers and duties: In the absence of the Treasurer or in the event of the Treasurer's inability or refusal to act, any Assistant Treasurer may perform the duties and exercise the powers of the Treasurer and shall have such other powers and perform such other duties as the Chairman of the Board, the President or the Board of Directors may from time to time prescribe.
 
ART ICLE VI
 

 
INDEMNIFICATION
 
Sec tion 1.
PROCEDURE
 
Any indemnification or payment of expenses in advance of the final disposition of any proceeding under Article IX of the Charter, shall be made promptly, and in any event within 60 days, upon the written request of the director or officer entitled to seek indemnification (the "Indemnified Party").  The right to indemnification and advances hereunder shall be enforceable by the Indemnified Party in any court of competent jurisdiction, if (i) the Corporation denies such request, in whole or in part; or (ii) no disposition thereof is made within 60 days. The Indemnified Party's costs and expenses incurred in connection with successfully establishing his or her right to indemnification, in whole or in part, in any such action shall also be reimbursed by the Corporation. It shall be a defense to any action for advance for expenses that (a) a determination has been made that the facts then known to those making the determination would
 

                                                                    
 
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preclude indemnification or (b) the Corporation has not received both (i) an undertaking as required by law to repay such advances in the event it shall ultimately be determined that the standard of conduct has not been met and (ii) a written affirmation by the Indemnified Party of such Indemnified Party's good faith belief that the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the Corporation has been met.
 
Sec tion 2.
EXCLUSIVITY, ETC.
 
The indemnification and advance of expenses provided by the Charter and these Bylaws (i) shall not be deemed exclusive of any other rights to which a person seeking indemnification or advance of expenses may be entitled under any law (common or statutory), or any agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or other provision that is consistent with law, both as to action in his or her official capacity and as to action in another capacity while holding office or while employed by or acting as agent for the Corporation, (ii) shall continue in respect of all events occurring while a person was a director or officer after such person has ceased to be a director or officer, and (iii) shall inure to the benefit of the estate, heirs, executors and administrators of such person. The Corporation shall not be liable for any payment under this Bylaw in connection with a claim made by a director or officer to the extent such director or officer has otherwise actually received payment under an insurance policy, agreement, vote or otherwise, of the amounts otherwise indemnifiable hereunder. All rights to indemnification and advance of expenses under the Charter and hereunder shall be deemed to be a contract between the Corporation and each director or officer of the Corporation who serves or served in such capacity at any time while this Bylaw is in effect. Any repeal or modification of this Bylaw shall not in any way diminish any rights to indemnification or advance of expenses of such director or officer or the obligations of the Corporation arising hereunder with respect to events occurring, or claims made, while this Bylaw or any provision hereof is in force or with respect to claims made after its adoption in respect of events occurring before its adoption, nor shall such repeal or modification diminish any person's rights to indemnification or advances of expenses or performance of other obligations of the Corporation under any agreement of indemnification between the Corporation and such person.
 
Sec tion 3.
SEVERABILITY; DEFINITIONS
 
The invalidity or unenforceability of any provision of this Article VI shall not affect the validity or enforceability of any other provision hereof.  If this Article VI or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, then the Corporation shall nevertheless indemnify each director or officer as to all expenses (including attorneys' fees), liability and loss reasonably incurred by such director or officer in connection with any action, suit, proceeding or investigation referred to in this Article VI to the fullest extent permitted by any portion of this Article VI that shall not have been invalidated or by any other applicable law. The phrase "this Bylaw" in this Article VI means this Article VI in its entirety.
 
Sec tion 4.
INSURANCE
 
The Corporation may purchase and maintain insurance on behalf of any director, officer, employee or agent against any liability asserted against or incurred by that director or officer in any capacity or arising out of the director's, officer's, employee's or agent's status as such,
 

                                                                    
 
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whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify the director, officer, employee or agent against such liability under the provisions of this Article. The Corporation may create a trust fund, grant a security interest or use other means, including, without limitation, a letter of credit, to ensure the payment of such sums as may become necessary to effect indemnification as provided herein.
 
ART ICLE VII
 

 
STOCK
 
Sec tion 1.
CERTIFICATES
 
The Corporation's Excess Stock (the "Excess Stock") shall be issued in book entry form only, and without certificates. For that purpose, the Corporation shall cause appropriate records to be maintained of all registered holders of the Excess Stock and the number of shares of Excess Stock, respectively, held by each, from time to time.
 
Except as provided above with respect to the Excess Stock, each stockholder shall be entitled to a certificate or certificates which shall represent and certify the number of shares of each class of stock held by him or her in the Corporation. Each certificate shall be signed by the President or a Vice President and countersigned by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary or the Treasurer or an Assistant Treasurer and may be sealed with the actual seal or a facsimile thereof, if any, of the Corporation. The signatures may be either manual or facsimile. Certificates shall be consecutively numbered; and if the Corporation shall, from time to time, issue several classes or series of stock, each class or series may have its own number sequence. A certificate is valid and may be issued whether or not the officer, transfer agent or registrar who signed it is still an officer, transfer agent or registrar when it is issued.  Each stock certificate shall include on its face the name of the Corporation, the name of the stockholder or other person to whom it is issued, and the class of stock and number of shares it represents. Each certificate shall also include on its face or back (a) a statement of any restrictions on transferability and a statement of the designations and any preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends, qualifications, and terms and conditions of redemption of the stock of each class which the Corporation is authorized to issue, of the differences in the relative rights and preferences between the shares of each series of a preferred or special class in series which the Corporation is authorized to issue, to the extent they have been set, and of the authority of the Board of Directors to set the relative rights and preferences of subsequent series of a preferred or special class of stock or (b) a statement which provides in substance that the Corporation will furnish a full statement of such information to any stockholder on request to the Secretary and without charge. Except as provided in the Maryland Uniform Commercial Code - Investment Securities, the fact that a stock certificate does not contain or refer to a restriction on transferability that is adopted after the date of issuance does not mean that the restriction is invalid or unenforceable. A certificate may not be issued until the stock represented by it is fully paid.
 

                                                                    
 
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Sec tion 2.               TRANSFERS
 
The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to make such rules and regulations as it may deem expedient concerning the issue, transfer and registration of certificates of stock; and may appoint transfer agents and registrars thereof. The duties of the transfer agent and registrar may be combined.
 
Sec tion 3.
LOST CERTIFICATE
 
The Board of Directors of the Corporation may, in its sole discretion, determine the conditions for issuing a new stock certificate in place of one which is alleged to have been lost, stolen or destroyed, or the Board of Directors may delegate such power to any officer or officers of the Corporation.  In its sole discretion, the Board of Directors or such officer or officers may require the owner of the certificate to give a bond, with sufficient surety, to indemnify the Corporation against any loss or claim arising as a result of the issuance of a new certificate. In its sole discretion, the Board of Directors or such officer or officers may refuse to issue such new certificate except upon the order of a court having jurisdiction in the premises.
 
Sec tion 4.
CLOSING OF TRANSFER BOOKS OR FIXING OF RECORD DATE
 
The Board of Directors may, and shall have the sole power to, set a record date or direct that the stock transfer books be closed for a stated period for the purpose of making any proper determination with respect to stockholders, including which stockholders are entitled to request a special meeting of stockholders, notice of a meeting of stockholders, vote at a meeting of stockholders, receive a dividend, or be allotted other rights. The record date may not be prior to the close of business on the day the record date is fixed nor, subject to Article II, Section 5, more than 90 days before the date on which the action requiring the determination will be taken; the transfer books may not be closed for a period longer than 20 days; and, in the case of a meeting of stockholders, the record date or the closing of the transfer books shall be at least ten days before the date of the meeting.
 
If no record date is fixed and the stock transfer books are not closed for the determination of stockholders, (a) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to notice of or to vote at a meeting of stockholders shall be at the close of business on the day on which the notice of meeting is mailed; and (b) the record date for the determination of stockholders entitled to receive payment of a dividend or an allotment of any other rights shall be the close of business on the day on which the resolution of the directors, declaring the dividend or allotment of rights, is adopted.
 
When a determination of stockholders entitled to vote at any meeting of stockholders has been made as provided in this section, such determination shall apply to any adjournment thereof, except where the determination has been made through the closing of the transfer books and the stated period of closing has expired.
 
Sec tion 5.
STOCK LEDGER
 
The Corporation shall maintain at its principal office or at the office of its transfer agent, an original or duplicate share ledger containing the name and address of each stockholder and the
 

                                                                    
 
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number of shares of each class held by such stockholder. The stock ledger may be in written form or in any other form which can be converted within a reasonable time into written form for visual inspection. The original or duplicate of the stock ledger shall be kept at the offices of the transfer agent for the particular class of stock, or if none, at the principal office in the State of Maryland or the principal executive offices of the Corporation.
 
Sec tion 6.
TRANSFER AGENT, DIVIDEND DISBURSING AGENT AND REGISTRAR
 
The Board of Directors shall have power to employ one or more transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents and registrars and to authorize them on behalf of the Corporation to keep records, to hold and disburse any dividends and distributions and to have and perform in respect of all original issues and transfers of shares, dividends and distributions and reports and communications to stockholders, the powers and duties usually had and performed by transfer agents, dividend disbursing agents and registrars of a Maryland corporation.
 
ART ICLE VIII
 

 
ADVISOR
 
Sec tion 1.
DEFINITIONS
 
The following definitions of terms apply to the provisions contained in this Article VIII:
 
"Affiliate" shall mean as to any Person, or any other Person who owns beneficially, directly or indirectly, one percent (1%) of more of the outstanding capital stock, shares or equity interests of such Person or of any other Person which controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, such Person or is an officer, retired officer, director, employee, partner or trustee of such Person or of any other person which controls, is controlled by or is under common control with, such Person.
 
"Person" means and includes individuals, corporations, limited partnerships, general partnerships, joint stock companies or associations, joint ventures, associations, companies, trusts, banks, trust companies, land trusts, business trusts or other entities and governments and agencies and political subdivisions thereof.
 
Sec tion 2.
EMPLOYMENT OF ADVISOR
 
The Board of Directors is responsible for the general policies of the Corporation and for general supervision of the business of the Corporation conducted by all officers, agents, employees, advisors, managers or independent contractors of the Corporation. However, the Board of Directors shall have the authority to appoint, employ or contract with any Person (including one or more directors or any Person of which a director is an affiliate) as the Board of Directors may deem necessary or proper for the transaction of business of the Corporation. Subject to the limitations of the Certificate, these Bylaws and the Maryland General Corporation Law, the Board of Directors may grant or delegate such authority to such person (herein referred to as the "Advisor") as the Board of Directors may in its sole discretion deem necessary or desirable.
 

                                                                    
 
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The Board of Directors (subject to the restrictions of Section 3 of this Article VIII), shall determine the terms and compensation of the Advisor; provided, however, that any determination to employ or contract with any director or any Person of which a director is an affiliate, shall be valid only if made, approved or ratified by a majority of the directors who are not affiliates of such Person. The directors may exercise broad discretion in allowing the Advisor to administer and regulate the operations of the Corporation, to act as agent for the Corporation, to execute documents on behalf of the Corporation and to make executive decisions that conform to general policies and general principals previously established by the Board of Directors.
 
Sec tion 3.
TERM
 
The Board of Directors shall not enter into any contract with the Advisor unless such contract has an initial term of no more than two (2) years and provides for annual renewal or extension thereafter, subject to annual ratification of the selection of the Advisor by the stockholders. The directors shall not enter into such a contract with any director or any Person of which a director is an affiliate unless such contract provides for renewal or extension thereof by the affirmative vote of a majority of the directors who are not affiliates of such Person. The contract with the Advisor may be terminated by the Advisor upon one hundred twenty (120) days' written notice or by the Board of Directors by the action of a majority of the directors who are not affiliates of the Advisor upon sixty (60) days' written notice, in a manner to be set forth in the contract with the Advisor.
 
Sec tion 4.
OTHER ACTIVITIES OF ADVISOR
 
The Advisor shall not be required to provide services solely and exclusively to the Corporation and may have other business interests and may engage in other activities similar to or in addition to those relating to the Corporation, including the rendering of services and advice to other Persons (including other real estate investment trusts) and the management of other investments (including investments of the Advisor and its affiliates). The Board of Directors may request the Advisor to engage in other activities which complement the Corporation's investments and to provide services requested by the borrowers or prospective borrowers from the Corporation, and the Advisor may receive compensation or commissions therefor from the Corporation or other Persons.
 
Neither the Advisor nor any affiliate of the Advisor shall be obligated to present any particular investment opportunity to the Corporation even if such opportunity is of a character that, if presented to the Corporation, could be taken by the Corporation, and, subject to the foregoing, the Advisor shall be protected in taking for its own account or recommending to others any such particular investment opportunity.
 
Upon request of any director, the Advisor and any Person who controls, is controlled by, or is under common control with, the Advisor shall from time to time promptly furnish the Board of Directors with information on a confidential basis as to any investment made by the Advisor or such other Person for its own account.
 

                                                                    
 
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ART ICLE IX
 
 
 
FISCAL YEAR
 
The Board of Directors shall have the power, from time to time, to fix the fiscal year of the Corporation by a duly adopted resolution.
 
ART ICLE X
 

 
DISTRIBUTIONS
 
Sec tion 1.
AUTHORIZATION
 
Dividends and other distributions upon the stock of the Corporation may be authorized by the Board of Directors, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter. Dividends and other distributions may be paid in cash, property or stock of the Corporation, subject to the provisions of law and the Charter.
 
Sec tion 2.
CONTINGENCIES
 
Before payment of any dividends or other distributions, there may be set aside out of any funds of the Corporation available for dividends or other distributions such sum or sums as the Board of Directors may from time to time, in its absolute discretion, determine proper as a reserve fund for contingencies, for equalizing dividends or other distributions, for repairing or maintaining any property of the Corporation or for such other purpose as the Board of Directors shall determine to be in the best interest of the Corporation, and the Board of Directors may modify or abolish any such reserve.
 
ART ICLE XI
 

 
INVESTMENT POLICY
 
Subject to the provisions of the Charter, the Board of Directors may from time to time adopt, amend, revise or terminate any policy or policies with respect to investments by the Corporation as it shall deem appropriate in its sole discretion.
 
ART ICLE XII
 

 
WAIVER OF NOTICE
 
Whenever any notice is required to be given pursuant to the Charter or these Bylaws or pursuant to applicable law, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the Person or Persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time stated therein or herein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Neither the business to be transacted at nor the purpose of any meeting need be set forth in the waiver of notice, unless specifically required by statute. The attendance of any Person at any meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, except where such Person attends a meeting for the express purpose of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground that the meeting is not lawfully called or convened.
 

                                                                    
 
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ART ICLE XIII
 
 
 
FINANCE
 
Sec tion 1.
CHECKS AND DRAFTS
 
All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness, in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, agent or agents of the Corporation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by the Board of Directors.
 
Sec tion 2.
DEPOSITS
 
All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the Board of Directors may designate.
 
ART ICLE XIV
 

 
EXEMPTION FROM CONTROL SHARE ACQUISITION STATUTE
 
The provisions of Sections 3-701 to 3-709 of the Maryland General Corporation Law shall not apply to any acquisition by any person of shares of the capital stock of the Corporation. Such shares of capital stock are exempted from such Sections to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law. This section may be repealed, in whole or in part, at any time, whether before or after an acquisition of control shares and, upon such repeal, may, to the extent provided by any successor bylaw, apply to any prior or subsequent control share acquisition.
 
ART ICLE XV
 

 
SUNDRY PROVISIONS
 
Sec tion 1.
BOOKS AND RECORDS
 
The Corporation shall keep correct and complete books and records of its accounts and transactions and minutes of the proceedings of its stockholders and Board of Directors and of any executive or other committee when exercising any of the powers of the Board of Directors. The books and records of the Corporation may be in written form or in any other form which can be converted within a reasonable time into written form for visual inspection. Minutes shall be recorded in written form but may be maintained in the form of a reproduction.  The original or a certified copy of these Bylaws shall be kept at the principal office of the Corporation.
 
Sec tion 2.
BONDS
 
The Board of Directors may require any officer, agent or employee of the Corporation to give a bond to the Corporation, conditioned upon the faithful discharge of his or her duties, with one or more sureties and in such amount as may be satisfactory to the Board of Directors.
 

                                                                    
 
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Sec tion 3.               VOTING SHARES IN OTHER CORPORATIONS
 
Stock of other corporations, associations or trusts, registered in the name of the Corporation, may be voted by the Chairman of the Board, the President, any Vice President or a proxy appointed by any of them. The Board of Directors, however, may by resolution appoint some other person to vote such shares, in which case such Person shall be entitled to vote such shares upon the production of a certified copy of such resolution.
 
Sec tion 4.
RELIANCE UPON BOOKS, REPORTS AND RECORDS
 
Each director and officer of the Corporation shall, in the performance of his or her duties with respect to the Corporation, be entitled to rely on any information, opinion report or statement, including financial statement or other financial data, prepared or presented by an officer or employee of the Corporation whom the director or officer reasonably believes to be reliable and competent in the matters presented, by a lawyer, certified public accountant or other person as to a matter which the director or officer reasonably believes to be within the person's professional or expert competence or by a committee of the Board of Directors on which the director does not serve, as to a matter within its designated authority, if the director believes the committee to merit confidence.
 
Sec tion 5.
TIME PERIODS
 
In applying any provision of these Bylaws which require that an act be done or not done a specified number of days prior to an event or that an act be done during a period of a specified number of days prior to an event, calendar days shall be used, the day of the doing of the act shall be excluded and the day of the event shall be included.
 
Sec tion 6.
TAX STATUS
 
It is intended that the Corporation shall qualify as a REIT under the REIT Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code during such period as the Board of Directors shall deem it advisable to qualify the Corporation. The failure of the Corporation to qualify as a REIT or the loss of such status shall not render the Board of Directors liable to the stockholders or to any other Person or operate in any manner to dissolve the Corporation.
 
ART ICLE XVI
 

 
AMENDMENT OF BYLAWS
 
In accordance with the Charter, these Bylaws may be repealed, altered, amended or rescinded only by vote of a majority of the Board of Directors at a meeting held in accordance with the provisions of these Bylaws.
 

                                                                    
 
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AMENDMENT TO THE BYLAWS
 
OF
 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION
 
The following amendment to the Bylaws of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation was adopted by the Board of Directors on November 22, 2006.
 
Article VII, Section 1 of the Bylaws of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation are hereby amended by deleting the first sentence of the second paragraph and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
 
“Except as may be otherwise provided by the Board of Directors, stockholders of the Corporation are not entitled to certificates representing the shares of stock held by them.  In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock represented by certificates, such certificates shall be signed by the officers of the Corporation in the manner permitted by the MGCL and contain the statements and information required by the MGCL.  In the event that the Corporation issues shares of stock without certificates, the Corporation shall provide to record holders of such shares a written statement of the information required by the MGCL to be included on stock certificates.”
 

                                                                   
 
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AMENDMENT TO THE BYLAWS OF THE COMPANY
 
The following amendment to the Bylaws of Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation was adopted by the Board of Directors on and effective March 26, 2007:
 
Section 1 of Article II of the Company’s Bylaws is amended by deleting the first sentence thereof and inserting in lieu thereof the following:
 
The Corporation shall hold an annual meeting of its stockholders to elect directors and transact any other business within its powers at a convenient location and on proper notice, on a date and time set by the Board of Directors.
 

 

                                                        
 
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Form of Senior Indenture

EXHIBIT 4.4









MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION

Issuer

AND


[_________________]

Trustee

INDENTURE

Dated as of _____________________, 200_

Senior Debt Securities



 
 
 

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS
 
                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    Page
 

  i
 

 




ii 
 

 




  iii
 

 

 
 

INDENTURE
 
INDENTURE, dated as of ____________, 200_, among MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and ___________________________, as trustee (the “Trustee”):
 
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;
 
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and
 
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:
 
ART ICLE I
 
DEFINITIONS
 
SEC TION 1.1
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.
 
The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular.  All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.
 
“Authenticating Agent” means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.
 
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
 
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.
 

                                                                
 
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“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.
 
“Business Day” means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the City of ________, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.
 
“Certificate” means a certificate signed by the chairman of the Board of Directors, any principal executive officer, any chief executive officer, any president, any senior vice president, any vice president, any principal financial officer or any principal accounting officer, any treasurer or any assistant treasurer, any controller or any assistant controller, any secretary or any assistant secretary of the Company.  The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.7.
 
“Company” means MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland, and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.
 
“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at __________________, ________; Attention: ___________, except that whenever a provision herein refers to an office or agency of the Trustee in the City of _______________, such office is located, at the date hereof, at ________________, Attn: Corporate Trust Services.
 
“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
“Default” means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
 
“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Sections 2.1 or 2.11.
 
“Event of Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.1, continued for the period of time, if any, therein designated.
 
“Global Security” means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.
 
“Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations
 

                                                                    
 
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of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
 
“Herein,” “hereof” and “hereunder,” and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
 
“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.
 
“Interest Payment Date,” when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.
 
“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by a chief executive officer, a president, a senior vice president or a vice president and by the chief financial officer or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the controller or an assistant controller or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof.  Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
 
“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof.  Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
 
“Outstanding,” when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.4, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying a agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have
 

                                                                    
 
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been given as in Article Three provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.7.
 
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
 
“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.7 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.
 
“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
 
“Securities” means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
 
“Securityholder,” “holder of Securities,” “registered holder,” or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
 
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.
 
“Trustee” means ______________, and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person.  The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.
 
“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
 
“Voting Stock,” as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
 

                                                                    
 
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Art icle II
 
ISSUE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
 
SEC TION 2.1
DESIGNATION AND TERMS OF SECURITIES.
 
(a)           The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited.  The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto.  Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:
 
(i)           the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);
 
(ii)           any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);
 
(iii)           the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;
 
(iv)           the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;
 
(v)           the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;
 
(vi)           the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;
 
(vii)           the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
 
(viii)           the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
 

                                                                    
 
5

 

(ix)           the form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;
 
(x)           if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable;
 
(xi)           any and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;
 
(xii)           whether the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;
 
(xiii)           whether the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;
 
(xiv)           if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.1;
 
(xv)           any additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;
 
(xvi)           if other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);
 

                                                                    
 
6

 

(xvii)           the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes; and
 
(xviii)           any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series.
 
All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.
 
If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.
 
Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.
 
SEC TION 2.2
FORM OF SECURITIES AND TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE.
 
The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.
 
SEC TION 2.3
DENOMINATIONS: PROVISIONS FOR PAYMENT.
 
The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.1(10).  The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series.  The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the State of _____________.  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication.  Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.
 
The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the
 

                                                                    
 
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Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment.  In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.3.
 
Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:
 
(i)           The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided.  Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment.  The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefore to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date.  Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefore having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.
 
(ii)           The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
 
Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest
 

                                                                    
 
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Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.
 
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.
 
SEC TION 2.4
EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATIONS.
 
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by its chief executive officer, or one of its presidents, or one of its senior vice presidents, or one of its vice presidents, or its chief financial officer, or its chief legal officer, or its treasurer, or one of its assistant treasurers, or its controller or one of its assistant controllers, or its secretary, or one of its assistant secretaries, under its corporate seal attested by its secretary or one of its assistant secretaries.  Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
 
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or vice president thereof, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, secretary or assistant secretary thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company.  The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities.  The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage.  Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.
 
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent.  Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture.  At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or any vice president, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, and its secretary or any assistant secretary, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.
 
In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to
 

                                                                    
 
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Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.
 
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 2.5
REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.
 
(a)           Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in the City of ____________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section.  In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefore the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
(b)           The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the City of _____________ and State of _______, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee.  The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).
 
Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.
 
All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.
 
(c)           Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental
 

                                                                    
 
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charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.6, Section 3.3(b) and Section 9.4 not involving any transfer.
 
(d)           The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part.  The provisions of this Section 2.5 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.
 
SEC TION 2.6
TEMPORARY SECURITIES.
 
Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination.  Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company.  Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series.  Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefore (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose in the City of _____________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company.  Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.
 
SEC TION 2.7
MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES.
 
In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen.  In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof.  The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer of the Company.  Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed
 

                                                                    
 
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in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
 
In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.
 
Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder.  All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.
 
SEC TION 2.8
CANCELLATION.
 
All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture.  On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee.  In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company.  If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
 
SEC TION 2.9
BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.
 
Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities.
 
SEC TION 2.10
AUTHENTICATING AGENT.
 
So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the
 

                                                                    
 
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right to appoint.  Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder.  All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series.  Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities.  If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.
 
Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company.  The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company.  Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company.  Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.
 
SEC TION 2.11
GLOBAL SECURITIES.
 
(a)           If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.1 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.4, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”
 
(b)           Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.5, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.5, only to another nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.
 
(c)           If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes
 

                                                                    
 
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aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security.  In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series.  In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security.  Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee.  Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee.  The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.
 
ART ICLE III
 
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND
 
SINKING FUND PROVISIONS
 
SEC TION 3.1
REDEMPTION.
 
The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof.
 
SEC TION 3.2
NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.
 
(a)           In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed.  Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice.  In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series.  In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or
 

                                                                    
 
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elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.
 
Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the City of _____________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case.  If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
 
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.
 
(b)           If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part.  The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by its chief executive officer, president or any senior vice president or vice president, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable.  In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.
 
SEC TION 3.3
PAYMENT UPON REDEMPTION.
 
(a)           If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price
 

                                                                    
 
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and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof.  On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.3).
 
(b)           Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.
 
SEC TION 3.4
SINKING FUND.
 
The provisions of Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 for Securities of such series.
 
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”.  If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.5.  Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.
 
SEC TION 3.5
SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.
 
The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited.  Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.
 
SEC TION 3.6
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.
 
Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant
 

                                                                    
 
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to Section 3.5 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers’ Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered.  Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.2.  Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.3.
 
ART ICLE IV
 
COVENANTS
 
SEC TION 4.1
PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.
 
The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities.  Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date).  Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date).
 
SEC TION 4.2
MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.
 
So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the City of ___________ and State of ________, with respect to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.2, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them.  If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands.  The Company initially appoints the corporate trust office of
 

                                                                    
 
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[ ], an affiliate of the Trustee, located in the City of __________ as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.
 
SEC TION 4.3
PAYING AGENTS.
 
(a)           If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:
 
(i)           that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;
 
(ii)           that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;
 
(iii)           that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and
 
(iv)           that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.
 
(b)           If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action.  Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.
 
(c)           Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the
 

                                                                    
 
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Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.
 
SEC TION 4.4
APPOINTMENT TO FILL VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE.
 
The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.
 
SEC TION 4.5
COMPLIANCE WITH CONSOLIDATION PROVISIONS.
 
The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.
 
ART ICLE V
 
SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS BY
 
THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE
 
SEC TION 5.1
COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.3) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however, that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.
 
SEC TION 5.2
PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS WITH SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
(a)           The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).
 
(b)           The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.
 

                                                                    
 
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(c)           Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
SEC TION 5.3
REPORTS BY THE COMPANY.
 
The Company covenants and agrees to provide a copy to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company may be required to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
 
SEC TION 5.4
REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           On or before May 1 in each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
(b)           The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
(c)           A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission.  The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.
 
ART ICLE VI
 
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON
 
EVENT OF DEFAULT
 
SEC TION 6.1
EVENTS OF DEFAULT.
 
(a)           Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing:
 
(i)           the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;
 

                                                                    
 
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(ii)           the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;
 
(iii)           the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;
 
(iv)           the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
 
(v)           a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.
 
(b)           In each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable.  If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.
 
(c)           At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the
 

                                                                    
 
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Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.6.
 
No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 
(d)           In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.
 
SEC TION 6.2
COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           The Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6.
 
(b)           If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may
 

                                                                    
 
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enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.
 
(c)           In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.6.
 
(d)           All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.6, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.
 
In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
 
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.
 
SEC TION 6.3
APPLICATION OF MONEYS COLLECTED.
 
Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the
 

                                                                    
 
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Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
 
FIRST:  To the payment of reasonable costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6;
 
SECOND:  To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and
 
THIRD:  To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.
 
SEC TION 6.4
LIMITATION ON SUITS.
 
No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.
 
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series.  For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this
 

                                                                    
 
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Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
 
SEC TION 6.5
RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.
 
(a)           Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.7, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.
 
(b)           No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.4, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders.
 
SEC TION 6.6
CONTROL BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture.  Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding.  The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.1 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.1(c)).  Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 6.7                                UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS.
 
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.
 
ART ICLE VII
 
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE
 
SEC TION 7.1
CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee.  In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
 
(b)           No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:
 
(i)           prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:
 
(A)           the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and
 

                                                                    
 
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(B)           in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;
 
(ii)           the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
 
(iii)           the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and
 
(iv)           None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
 
SEC TION 7.2
CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.
 
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1:
 
(a)           The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
 
(b)           Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);
 
(c)           The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
 
(d)           The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the
 

                                                                    
 
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Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;
 
(e)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;
 
(f)           The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.4); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs, expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding.  The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and
 
(g)           The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.
 
SEC TION 7.3
TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OR SECURITIES.
 
(a)           The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same.
 
(b)           The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
 
(c)           The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.1, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 7.4                                MAY HOLD SECURITIES.
 
The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.
 
SEC TION 7.5
MONEYS HELD IN TRUST.
 
Subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law.  The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.
 
SEC TION 7.6
COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.
 
(a)           The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing.  The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.
 
(b)           The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute additional indebtedness hereunder.  Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.
 
SEC TION 7.7
RELIANCE ON OFFICERS’ CERTIFICATE.
 
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee and
 

                                                                    
 
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such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
 
SEC TION 7.8
DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.
 
If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
SEC TION 7.9
CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.
 
There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having (or, in the case of a subsidiary of a bank holding company, its bank holding company parent shall have) a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
 
If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published.  The Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee.  In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.
 
SEC TION 7.10
RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.
 
(a)           The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.  Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee.  If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the
 

                                                                    
 
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appointment of a successor trustee.  Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.
 
(b)           In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:
 
(i)           the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or
 
(ii)           the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or
 
(iii)           the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation;
 
then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee.  Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.
 
(c)           The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company.
 
(d)           Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.
 
(e)           Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.
 
SEC TION 7.11
ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.
 
(a)           In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such
 

                                                                    
 
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successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.
 
(b)           In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.
 
(c)           Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.
 
(d)           No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.
 
(e)           Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail,
 

                                                                    
 
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first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.  If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.
 
SEC TION 7.12
MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.
 
Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.9, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding.  In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
 
SEC TION 7.13
PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY.
 
The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.  A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.
 
SEC TION 7.14
NOTICE OF DEFAULT.
 
If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 45 days after it occurs, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.
 
ART ICLE VIII
 
CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
 
SEC TION 8.1
EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any
 

                                                                    
 
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action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.
 
If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so.  If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however, that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
 
SEC TION 8.2
PROOF OF EXECUTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:
 
(a)           The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.
 
(b)           The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.
 
The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.
 
SEC TION 8.3
WHO MAY BE DEEMED OWNERS.
 
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.3) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor
 

                                                                    
 
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the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
 
SEC TION 8.4
CERTAIN SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DISREGARDED.
 
In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded.  The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other obligor.  In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 8.5
ACTIONS BINDING ON FUTURE SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.1, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.2, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security.  Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security.  Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.
 
ART ICLE IX
 
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES
 
SEC TION 9.1
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act
 

                                                                    
 
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as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:
 
(a)           to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;
 
(b)           to comply with Article Ten;
 
(c)           to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
 
(d)           to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;
 
(e)           to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;
 
(f)           to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;
 
(g)           to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.1, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;
 
(h)           to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or
 
(i)           to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
 
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
 
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.2.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 9.2                                SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.1) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.1 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.
 
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.
 
SEC TION 9.3
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
 
SEC TION 9.4
SECURITIES AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture.  If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 9.5                                EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture.  The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof.
 
Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register.  Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
 
ART ICLE X
 
SUCCESSOR ENTITY
 
SEC TION 10.1
COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC.
 
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.1 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the
 

                                                                    
 
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Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.
 
SEC TION 10.2
SUCCESSOR ENTITY SUBSTITUTED.
 
(a)           In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.1 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
 
(b)           In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
 
(c)           Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).
 
SEC TION 10.3
EVIDENCE OF CONSOLIDATION, ETC. TO TRUSTEE.
 
The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.
 
ART ICLE XI
 
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
 
SEC TION 11.1
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.
 
If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.7 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as
 

                                                                    
 
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provided in Section 11.5); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.6 and 11.5, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.
 
SEC TION 11.2
DISCHARGE OF OBLIGATIONS.
 
If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.1 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.6, 7.10 and 11.5 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
 
Thereafter, Sections 7.6 and 11.5 shall survive.
 
SEC TION 11.3
DEPOSITED MONEYS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.
 
All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.1 or 11.2 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 11.4                                PAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENTS.
 
In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.
 
SEC TION 11.5
REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.
 
Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.
 
ART ICLE XII
 
IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
 
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS
 
SEC TION 12.1
NO RECOURSE.
 
No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and
 

                                                                    
 
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released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.
 
ART ICLE XIII
 
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS
 
SEC TION 13.1
EFFECT ON SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.
 
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
 
SEC TION 13.2
ACTIONS BY SUCCESSOR.
 
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.
 
SEC TION 13.3
SURRENDER OF COMPANY POWERS.
 
The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.
 
SEC TION 13.4
NOTICES.
 
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation, 27777 Franklin Road, Suite 200, Southfield, Michigan 48034, Attention: Chief Financial Officer.  Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 13.5
GOVERNING LAW.
 
This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 13.6                       TREATMENT OF SECURITIES AS DEBT.
 
It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes.  The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.
 
SEC TION 13.7
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.
 
(a)           Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.
 
(b)           Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture shall include (i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
 
SEC TION 13.8
PAYMENTS ON BUSINESS DAYS.
 
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.
 
SEC TION 13.9
CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.
 
If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.
 
SEC TION 13.10
COUNTERPARTS.
 
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
 

                                                                    
 
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SEC TION 13.11                    SEPARABILITY.
 
In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein.
 
SEC TION 13.12
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year.  Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture.  For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture.  If any of the officers of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
 
 
 
MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE
INVESTMENT CORPORATION
 
       
 
By:
/s/   
    Name   
    Title   
       
                                                      [                                ]
                                        as Trustee
     
       
 
By:
/s/   
    Name   
    Title   
       
 
 
  


                                                                    
 
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Form of Subordinated Indenture

EXHIBIT 4.5





MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION

Issuer

AND


[________________]

Trustee

INDENTURE

Dated as of _____________________, 200_

Subordinated Debt Securities


 
 

 
 

 
 
 
 
 
 
 
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INDEN TURE

INDENTURE, dated as of ____________, 200_, among MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), and ___________________________, as trustee (the “Trustee”):
 
WHEREAS, for its lawful corporate purposes, the Company has duly authorized the execution and delivery of this Indenture to provide for the issuance of subordinated debt securities (hereinafter referred to as the “Securities”), in an unlimited aggregate principal amount to be issued from time to time in one or more series as in this Indenture provided, as registered Securities without coupons, to be authenticated by the certificate of the Trustee;
 
WHEREAS, to provide the terms and conditions upon which the Securities are to be authenticated, issued and delivered, the Company has duly authorized the execution of this Indenture; and
 
WHEREAS, all things necessary to make this Indenture a valid agreement of the Company, in accordance with its terms, have been done.
 
NOW, THEREFORE, in consideration of the premises and the purchase of the Securities by the holders thereof, it is mutually covenanted and agreed as follows for the equal and ratable benefit of the holders of Securities:
 
ART ICLE 1
 
DEF INITIONS
SEC TION 1.1
DEFINITIONS OF TERMS.
 
The terms defined in this Section (except as in this Indenture or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires) for all purposes of this Indenture and of any indenture supplemental hereto shall have the respective meanings specified in this Section and shall include the plural as well as the singular. All other terms used in this Indenture that are defined in the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended, or that are by reference in such Act defined in the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (except as herein or any indenture supplemental hereto otherwise expressly provided or unless the context otherwise requires), shall have the meanings assigned to such terms in said Trust Indenture Act and in said Securities Act as in force at the date of the execution of this instrument.
 
“Authenticating Agent” means an authenticating agent with respect to all or any of the series of Securities appointed by the Trustee pursuant to Section 2.10.
 
“Bankruptcy Law” means Title 11, U.S. Code, or any similar federal or state law for the relief of debtors.
 
“Board of Directors” means the Board of Directors of the Company or any duly authorized committee of such Board.
 

 
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“Board Resolution” means a copy of a resolution certified by the Secretary or an Assistant Secretary of the Company to have been duly adopted by the Board of Directors and to be in full force and effect on the date of such certification.
 
“Business Day” means, with respect to any series of Securities, any day other than a day on which federal or state banking institutions in the City of ________, are authorized or obligated by law, executive order or regulation to close.
 
“Certificate” means a certificate signed by the chairman of the Board of Directors, any principal executive officer, any chief executive officer, any president, any senior vice president, any vice president, any principal financial officer or any principal accounting officer, any treasurer or any assistant treasurer, any controller or any assistant controller, any secretary or any assistant secretary of the Company. The Certificate need not comply with the provisions of Section 13.7.
 
“Company” means MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION, a corporation duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Maryland, and, subject to the provisions of Article Ten, shall also include its successors and assigns.
 
“Corporate Trust Office” means the office of the Trustee at which, at any particular time, its corporate trust business shall be principally administered, which office at the date hereof is located at __________________, ________; Attention: ___________, except that whenever a provision herein refers to an office or agency of the Trustee in the City of ____________, such office is located, at the date hereof, at ________________, Attn: Corporate Trust Services.
 
“Custodian” means any receiver, trustee, assignee, liquidator or similar official under any Bankruptcy Law.
 
“Default” means any event, act or condition that with notice or lapse of time, or both, would constitute an Event of Default.
 
“Depositary” means, with respect to Securities of any series for which the Company shall determine that such Securities will be issued as a Global Security, The Depository Trust Company, New York, New York, another clearing agency, or any successor registered as a clearing agency under the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), or other applicable statute or regulation, which, in each case, shall be designated by the Company pursuant to either Section 2.1 or 2.11.
 
“Event of Default” means, with respect to Securities of a particular series, any event specified in Section 6.1, continued for the period of time, if any, therein designated.
 
“Global Security” means, with respect to any series of Securities, a Security executed by the Company and delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction, all in accordance with the Indenture, which shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee.
 
“Governmental Obligations” means securities that are (a) direct obligations of the United States of America for the payment of which its full faith and credit is pledged or (b) obligations
 

 
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of a Person controlled or supervised by and acting as an agency or instrumentality of the United States of America, the payment of which is unconditionally guaranteed as a full faith and credit obligation by the United States of America that, in either case, are not callable or redeemable at the option of the issuer thereof, and shall also include a depositary receipt issued by a bank (as defined in Section 3(a)(2) of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) as custodian with respect to any such Governmental Obligation or a specific payment of principal of or interest on any such Governmental Obligation held by such custodian for the account of the holder of such depositary receipt; provided, however, that (except as required by law) such custodian is not authorized to make any deduction from the amount payable to the holder of such depositary receipt from any amount received by the custodian in respect of the Governmental Obligation or the specific payment of principal of or interest on the Governmental Obligation evidenced by such depositary receipt.
 
“Herein”, “hereof” and “hereunder”, and other words of similar import, refer to this Indenture as a whole and not to any particular Article, Section or other subdivision.
 
“Indenture” means this instrument as originally executed or as it may from time to time be supplemented or amended by one or more indentures supplemental hereto entered into in accordance with the terms hereof.
 
“Interest Payment Date”, when used with respect to any installment of interest on a Security of a particular series, means the date specified in such Security or in a Board Resolution or in an indenture supplemental hereto with respect to such series as the fixed date on which an installment of interest with respect to Securities of that series is due and payable.
 
“Officers’ Certificate” means a certificate signed by a chief executive officer, a president, a senior vice president or a vice president and by the chief financial officer or the treasurer or an assistant treasurer or the controller or an assistant controller or the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such certificate shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
 
“Opinion of Counsel” means an opinion in writing subject to customary exceptions of legal counsel, who may be an employee of or counsel for the Company, that is delivered to the Trustee in accordance with the terms hereof. Each such opinion shall include the statements provided for in Section 13.7, if and to the extent required by the provisions thereof.
 
Outstanding”, when used with reference to Securities of any series, means, subject to the provisions of Section 8.4, as of any particular time, all Securities of that series theretofore authenticated and delivered by the Trustee under this Indenture, except (a) Securities theretofore canceled by the Trustee or any paying agent, or delivered to the Trustee or any paying agent for cancellation or that have previously been canceled; (b) Securities or portions thereof for the payment or redemption of which moneys or Governmental Obligations in the necessary amount shall have been deposited in trust with the Trustee or with any paying agent (other than the Company) or shall have been set aside and segregated in trust by the Company (if the Company shall act as its own paying agent); provided, however, that if such Securities or portions of such Securities are to be redeemed prior to the maturity thereof, notice of such redemption shall have
 

 
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been given as in Article Three provided, or provision satisfactory to the Trustee shall have been made for giving such notice; and (c) Securities in lieu of or in substitution for which other Securities shall have been authenticated and delivered pursuant to the terms of Section 2.7.
 
“Person” means any individual, corporation, partnership, joint venture, joint-stock company, limited liability company, unincorporated organization or government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.
 
“Predecessor Security” of any particular Security means every previous Security evidencing all or a portion of the same debt as that evidenced by such particular Security; and, for the purposes of this definition, any Security authenticated and delivered under Section 2.7 in lieu of a lost, destroyed or stolen Security shall be deemed to evidence the same debt as the lost, destroyed or stolen Security.
 
“Responsible Officer” when used with respect to the Trustee means any officer in the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, or to whom any corporate trust matter is referred because of his or her knowledge of and familiarity with the particular subject.
 
“Securities” means the debt Securities authenticated and delivered under this Indenture.
 
“Securityholder”, “holder of Securities”, “registered holder”, or other similar term, means the Person or Persons in whose name or names a particular Security shall be registered on the books of the Company kept for that purpose in accordance with the terms of this Indenture.
 
“Subsidiary” means, with respect to any Person, (i) any corporation at least a majority of whose outstanding Voting Stock shall at the time be owned, directly or indirectly, by such Person or by one or more of its Subsidiaries or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries, (ii) any general partnership, joint venture or similar entity, at least a majority of whose outstanding partnership or similar interests shall at the time be owned by such Person, or by one or more of its Subsidiaries, or by such Person and one or more of its Subsidiaries and (iii) any limited partnership of which such Person or any of its Subsidiaries is a general partner.
 
“Trustee” means __________________, and, subject to the provisions of Article Seven, shall also include its successors and assigns, and, if at any time there is more than one Person acting in such capacity hereunder, “Trustee” shall mean each such Person. The term “Trustee” as used with respect to a particular series of the Securities shall mean the trustee with respect to that series.
 
“Trust Indenture Act” means the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, as amended.
 
“Voting Stock”, as applied to stock of any Person, means shares, interests, participations or other equivalents in the equity interest (however designated) in such Person having ordinary voting power for the election of a majority of the directors (or the equivalent) of such Person, other than shares, interests, participations or other equivalents having such power only by reason of the occurrence of a contingency.
 

 
4

 

ART ICLE 2
 

 
ISS UE, DESCRIPTION, TERMS, EXECUTION, REGISTRATION
AND EXCHANGE OF SECURITIES
 

SEC TION 2.1
DESIGNATION AND TERMS OF SECURITIES.
 
(a)           The aggregate principal amount of Securities that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture is unlimited. The Securities may be issued in one or more series up to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of that series from time to time authorized by or pursuant to a Board Resolution or pursuant to one or more indentures supplemental hereto. Prior to the initial issuance of Securities of any series, there shall be established in or pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental hereto:
 
(1)           the title of the Securities of the series (which shall distinguish the Securities of that series from all other Securities);
 
(2)           any limit upon the aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series that may be authenticated and delivered under this Indenture (except for Securities authenticated and delivered upon registration of transfer of, or in exchange for, or in lieu of, other Securities of that series);
 
(3)           the date or dates on which the principal of the Securities of the series is payable, any original issue discount that may apply to the Securities of that series upon their issuance, the principal amount due at maturity, and the place(s) of payment;
 
(4)           the rate or rates at which the Securities of the series shall bear interest or the manner of calculation of such rate or rates, if any;
 
(5)           the date or dates from which such interest shall accrue, the Interest Payment Dates on which such interest will be payable or the manner of determination of such Interest Payment Dates, the place(s) of payment, and the record date for the determination of holders to whom interest is payable on any such Interest Payment Dates or the manner of determination of such record dates;
 
(6)           the right, if any, to extend the interest payment periods and the duration of such extension;
 
(7)           the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which Securities of the series may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the option of the Company;
 
(8)           the obligation, if any, of the Company to redeem or purchase Securities of the series pursuant to any sinking fund, mandatory redemption, or analogous provisions (including payments made in cash in satisfaction of future sinking fund obligations) or at the option of a holder thereof and the period or periods within which, the price or prices
 

 
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at which, and the terms and conditions upon which, Securities of the series shall be redeemed or purchased, in whole or in part, pursuant to such obligation;
 
(9)           the form of the Securities of the series including the form of the Certificate of Authentication for such series;
 
(10)           if other than denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, the denominations in which the Securities of the series shall be issuable;
 
(11)           any and all other terms (including terms, to the extent applicable, relating to any auction or remarketing of the Securities of that series and any security for the obligations of the Company with respect to such Securities) with respect to such series (which terms shall not be inconsistent with the terms of this Indenture, as amended by any supplemental indenture) including any terms which may be required by or advisable under United States laws or regulations or advisable in connection with the marketing of Securities of that series;
 
(12)           whether the Securities are issuable as a Global Security and, in such case, the terms and the identity of the Depositary for such series;
 
(13)           whether the Securities will be convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company or any other Person and, if so, the terms and conditions upon which such Securities will be so convertible or exchangeable, including the conversion or exchange price, as applicable, or how it will be calculated and may be adjusted, any mandatory or optional (at the Company’s option or the holders’ option) conversion or exchange features, and the applicable conversion or exchange period;
 
(14)           if other than the principal amount thereof, the portion of the principal amount of Securities of the series which shall be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof pursuant to Section 6.1;
 
(15)           any additional or different Events of Default or restrictive covenants (which may include, among other restrictions, restrictions on the Company’s ability or the ability of the Company’s Subsidiaries to: incur additional indebtedness; issue additional securities; create liens; pay dividends or make distributions in respect of their capital stock; redeem capital stock; place restrictions on such Subsidiaries placing restrictions on their ability to pay dividends, make distributions or transfer assets; make investments or other restricted payments; sell or otherwise dispose of assets; enter into sale-leaseback transactions; engage in transactions with stockholders and affiliates; issue or sell stock of their Subsidiaries; or effect a consolidation or merger) or financial covenants (which may include, among other financial covenants, financial covenants that require the Company and its Subsidiaries to maintain specified interest coverage, fixed charge, cash flow-based or asset-based ratios) provided for with respect to the Securities of the series;
 

 
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(16)           if other than dollars, the coin or currency in which the Securities of the series are denominated (including, but not limited to, foreign currency);
 
(17)           the terms and conditions, if any, upon which the Company shall pay amounts in addition to the stated interest, premium, if any and principal amounts of the Securities of the series to any Securityholder that is not a “United States person” for federal tax purposes;
 
(18)           any restrictions on transfer, sale or assignment of the Securities of the series; and
 
(19)           the subordination terms of the Securities of the series.
 
All Securities of any one series shall be substantially identical except as to denomination and except as may otherwise be provided in or pursuant to any such Board Resolution or in any indentures supplemental hereto.
 
If any of the terms of the series are established by action taken pursuant to a Board Resolution of the Company, a copy of an appropriate record of such action shall be certified by the secretary or an assistant secretary of the Company and delivered to the Trustee at or prior to the delivery of the Officers’ Certificate of the Company setting forth the terms of the series.
 
Securities of any particular series may be issued at various times, with different dates on which the principal or any installment of principal is payable, with different rates of interest, if any, or different methods by which rates of interest may be determined, with different dates on which such interest may be payable and with different redemption dates.
 
SEC TION 2.2
FORM OF SECURITIES AND TRUSTEE’S CERTIFICATE.
 
The Securities of any series and the Trustee’s certificate of authentication to be borne by such Securities shall be substantially of the tenor and purport as set forth in one or more indentures supplemental hereto or as provided in a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, and they may have such letters, numbers or other marks of identification or designation and such legends or endorsements printed, lithographed or engraved thereon as the Company may deem appropriate and as are not inconsistent with the provisions of this Indenture, or as may be required to comply with any law or with any rule or regulation made pursuant thereto or with any rule or regulation of any securities exchange on which Securities of that series may be listed, or to conform to usage.
 
SEC TION 2.3
DENOMINATIONS: PROVISIONS FOR PAYMENT.
 
The Securities shall be issuable as registered Securities and in the denominations of one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof, subject to Section 2.1(10). The Securities of a particular series shall bear interest payable on the dates and at the rate specified with respect to that series. The principal of and the interest on the Securities of any series, as well as any premium thereon in case of redemption thereof prior to maturity, shall be payable in the coin or currency of the United States of America that at the time is legal tender for public and private debt, at the office or agency of the Company maintained for that purpose in the State of
 

 
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________. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication. Interest on the Securities shall be computed on the basis of a 360-day year composed of twelve 30-day months.
 
The interest installment on any Security that is payable, and is punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of that series shall be paid to the Person in whose name said Security (or one or more Predecessor Securities) is registered at the close of business on the regular record date for such interest installment. In the event that any Security of a particular series or portion thereof is called for redemption and the redemption date is subsequent to a regular record date with respect to any Interest Payment Date and prior to such Interest Payment Date, interest on such Security will be paid upon presentation and surrender of such Security as provided in Section 3.3.
 
Any interest on any Security that is payable, but is not punctually paid or duly provided for, on any Interest Payment Date for Securities of the same series (herein called “Defaulted Interest”) shall forthwith cease to be payable to the registered holder on the relevant regular record date by virtue of having been such holder; and such Defaulted Interest shall be paid by the Company, at its election, as provided in clause (1) or clause (2) below:
 
(1)           The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on Securities to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered at the close of business on a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest, which shall be fixed in the following manner: the Company shall notify the Trustee in writing of the amount of Defaulted Interest proposed to be paid on each such Security and the date of the proposed payment, and at the same time the Company shall deposit with the Trustee an amount of money equal to the aggregate amount proposed to be paid in respect of such Defaulted Interest or shall make arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for such deposit prior to the date of the proposed payment, such money when deposited to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such Defaulted Interest as in this clause provided. Thereupon the Trustee shall fix a special record date for the payment of such Defaulted Interest which shall not be more than 15 nor less than 10 days prior to the date of the proposed payment and not less than 10 days after the receipt by the Trustee of the notice of the proposed payment. The Trustee shall promptly notify the Company of such special record date and, in the name and at the expense of the Company, shall cause notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefore to be mailed, first class postage prepaid, to each Securityholder at his or her address as it appears in the Security Register (as hereinafter defined), not less than 10 days prior to such special record date. Notice of the proposed payment of such Defaulted Interest and the special record date therefore having been mailed as aforesaid, such Defaulted Interest shall be paid to the Persons in whose names such Securities (or their respective Predecessor Securities) are registered on such special record date.
 
(2)           The Company may make payment of any Defaulted Interest on any Securities in any other lawful manner not inconsistent with the requirements of any securities exchange on which such Securities may be listed, and upon such notice as may be required by such exchange, if, after notice given by the Company to the Trustee of the
 

 
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proposed payment pursuant to this clause, such manner of payment shall be deemed practicable by the Trustee.
 
Unless otherwise set forth in a Board Resolution or one or more indentures supplemental hereto establishing the terms of any series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the term “regular record date” as used in this Section with respect to a series of Securities and any Interest Payment Date for such series shall mean either the fifteenth day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the first day of a month, or the last day of the month immediately preceding the month in which an Interest Payment Date established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof shall occur, if such Interest Payment Date is the fifteenth day of a month, whether or not such date is a Business Day.
 
Subject to the foregoing provisions of this Section, each Security of a series delivered under this Indenture upon transfer of or in exchange for or in lieu of any other Security of such series shall carry the rights to interest accrued and unpaid, and to accrue, that were carried by such other Security.
 
SEC TION 2.4
EXECUTION AND AUTHENTICATIONS.
 
The Securities shall be signed on behalf of the Company by its chief executive officer, or one of its presidents, or one of its senior vice presidents, or one of its vice presidents, or its chief financial officer, or its chief legal officer, or its treasurer, or one of its assistant treasurers, or its controller or one of its assistant controllers, or its secretary, or one of its assistant secretaries, under its corporate seal attested by its secretary or one of its assistant secretaries. Signatures may be in the form of a manual or facsimile signature.
 
The Company may use the facsimile signature of any Person who shall have been a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or vice president thereof, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, secretary or assistant secretary thereof, notwithstanding the fact that at the time the Securities shall be authenticated and delivered or disposed of such Person shall have ceased to be such an officer of the Company. The seal of the Company may be in the form of a facsimile of such seal and may be impressed, affixed, imprinted or otherwise reproduced on the Securities. The Securities may contain such notations, legends or endorsements required by law, stock exchange rule or usage. Each Security shall be dated the date of its authentication by the Trustee.
 
A Security shall not be valid until authenticated manually by an authorized signatory of the Trustee, or by an Authenticating Agent. Such signature shall be conclusive evidence that the Security so authenticated has been duly authenticated and delivered hereunder and that the holder is entitled to the benefits of this Indenture. At any time and from time to time after the execution and delivery of this Indenture, the Company may deliver Securities of any series executed by the Company to the Trustee for authentication, together with a written order of the Company for the authentication and delivery of such Securities, signed by a chief executive officer, president, senior vice president or any vice president, chief financial officer, chief legal officer, treasurer or assistant treasurer, controller or assistant controller, and its secretary or any
 

 
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assistant secretary, and the Trustee in accordance with such written order shall authenticate and deliver such Securities.
 
In authenticating such Securities and accepting the additional responsibilities under this Indenture in relation to such Securities, the Trustee shall be entitled to receive, and (subject to Section 7.1) shall be fully protected in relying upon, an Opinion of Counsel stating that the form and terms thereof have been established in conformity with the provisions of this Indenture.
 
The Trustee shall not be required to authenticate such Securities if the issue of such Securities pursuant to this Indenture will affect the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under the Securities and this Indenture or otherwise in a manner that is not reasonably acceptable to the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 2.5
REGISTRATION OF TRANSFER AND EXCHANGE.
 
(a)           Securities of any series may be exchanged upon presentation thereof at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose in the City of ________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, for other Securities of such series of authorized denominations, and for a like aggregate principal amount, upon payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, all as provided in this Section. In respect of any Securities so surrendered for exchange, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange therefore the Security or Securities of the same series that the Securityholder making the exchange shall be entitled to receive, bearing numbers not contemporaneously outstanding.
 
(b)           The Company shall keep, or cause to be kept, at its office or agency designated for such purpose in the City of ____________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, a register or registers (herein referred to as the “Security Register”) in which, subject to such reasonable regulations as it may prescribe, the Company shall register the Securities and the transfers of Securities as in this Article provided and which at all reasonable times shall be open for inspection by the Trustee. The registrar for the purpose of registering Securities and transfer of Securities as herein provided shall be appointed as authorized by Board Resolution (the “Security Registrar”).
 
Upon surrender for transfer of any Security at the office or agency of the Company designated for such purpose, the Company shall execute, the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in the name of the transferee or transferees a new Security or Securities of the same series as the Security presented for a like aggregate principal amount.
 
All Securities presented or surrendered for exchange or registration of transfer, as provided in this Section, shall be accompanied (if so required by the Company or the Security Registrar) by a written instrument or instruments of transfer, in form satisfactory to the Company or the Security Registrar, duly executed by the registered holder or by such holder’s duly authorized attorney in writing.
 
(c)           Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, no service charge shall be made for any exchange or registration of transfer of
 

 
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Securities, or issue of new Securities in case of partial redemption of any series, but the Company may require payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge in relation thereto, other than exchanges pursuant to Section 2.6, Section 3.3(b) and Section 9.4 not involving any transfer.
 
(d)           The Company shall not be required (i) to issue, exchange or register the transfer of any Securities during a period beginning at the opening of business 15 days before the day of the mailing of a notice of redemption of less than all the Outstanding Securities of the same series and ending at the close of business on the day of such mailing, nor (ii) to register the transfer of or exchange any Securities of any series or portions thereof called for redemption, other than the unredeemed portion of any such Securities being redeemed in part. The provisions of this Section 2.5 are, with respect to any Global Security, subject to Section 2.11 hereof.
 
SEC TION 2.6
TEMPORARY SECURITIES.
 
Pending the preparation of definitive Securities of any series, the Company may execute, and the Trustee shall authenticate and deliver, temporary Securities (printed, lithographed or typewritten) of any authorized denomination. Such temporary Securities shall be substantially in the form of the definitive Securities in lieu of which they are issued, but with such omissions, insertions and variations as may be appropriate for temporary Securities, all as may be determined by the Company. Every temporary Security of any series shall be executed by the Company and be authenticated by the Trustee upon the same conditions and in substantially the same manner, and with like effect, as the definitive Securities of such series. Without unnecessary delay the Company will execute and will furnish definitive Securities of such series and thereupon any or all temporary Securities of such series may be surrendered in exchange therefore (without charge to the holders), at the office or agency of the Company designated for the purpose in the City of __________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, and the Trustee shall authenticate and such office or agency shall deliver in exchange for such temporary Securities an equal aggregate principal amount of definitive Securities of such series, unless the Company advises the Trustee to the effect that definitive Securities need not be executed and furnished until further notice from the Company. Until so exchanged, the temporary Securities of such series shall be entitled to the same benefits under this Indenture as definitive Securities of such series authenticated and delivered hereunder.
 
SEC TION 2.7
MUTILATED, DESTROYED, LOST OR STOLEN SECURITIES.
 
In case any temporary or definitive Security shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company (subject to the next succeeding sentence) shall execute, and upon the Company’s request the Trustee (subject as aforesaid) shall authenticate and deliver, a new Security of the same series, bearing a number not contemporaneously outstanding, in exchange and substitution for the mutilated Security, or in lieu of and in substitution for the Security so destroyed, lost or stolen. In every case the applicant for a substituted Security shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as may be required by them to save each of them harmless, and, in every case of destruction, loss or theft, the applicant shall also furnish to the Company and the Trustee evidence to their satisfaction of the destruction, loss or theft of the applicant’s Security and of the ownership thereof. The Trustee may authenticate any such substituted Security and deliver the same upon the written request or authorization of any officer
 

 
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of the Company. Upon the issuance of any substituted Security, the Company may require the payment of a sum sufficient to cover any tax or other governmental charge that may be imposed in relation thereto and any other expenses (including the fees and expenses of the Trustee) connected therewith.
 
In case any Security that has matured or is about to mature shall become mutilated or be destroyed, lost or stolen, the Company may, instead of issuing a substitute Security, pay or authorize the payment of the same (without surrender thereof except in the case of a mutilated Security) if the applicant for such payment shall furnish to the Company and the Trustee such security or indemnity as they may require to save them harmless, and, in case of destruction, loss or theft, evidence to the satisfaction of the Company and the Trustee of the destruction, loss or theft of such Security and of the ownership thereof.
 
Every replacement Security issued pursuant to the provisions of this Section shall constitute an additional contractual obligation of the Company whether or not the mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Security shall be found at any time, or be enforceable by anyone, and shall be entitled to all the benefits of this Indenture equally and proportionately with any and all other Securities of the same series duly issued hereunder. All Securities shall be held and owned upon the express condition that the foregoing provisions are exclusive with respect to the replacement or payment of mutilated, destroyed, lost or stolen Securities, and shall preclude (to the extent lawful) any and all other rights or remedies, notwithstanding any law or statute existing or hereafter enacted to the contrary with respect to the replacement or payment of negotiable instruments or other securities without their surrender.
 
SEC TION 2.8
CANCELLATION.
 
All Securities surrendered for the purpose of payment, redemption, exchange or registration of transfer shall, if surrendered to the Company or any paying agent, be delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, or, if surrendered to the Trustee, shall be cancelled by it, and no Securities shall be issued in lieu thereof except as expressly required or permitted by any of the provisions of this Indenture. On request of the Company at the time of such surrender, the Trustee shall deliver to the Company canceled Securities held by the Trustee. In the absence of such request the Trustee may dispose of canceled Securities in accordance with its standard procedures and deliver a certificate of disposition to the Company. If the Company shall otherwise acquire any of the Securities, however, such acquisition shall not operate as a redemption or satisfaction of the indebtedness represented by such Securities unless and until the same are delivered to the Trustee for cancellation.
 
SEC TION 2.9
BENEFITS OF INDENTURE.
 
Nothing in this Indenture or in the Securities, express or implied, shall give or be construed to give to any Person, other than the parties hereto and the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated) any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Indenture, or under any covenant, condition or provision herein contained; all such covenants, conditions and provisions being for the sole benefit of the parties hereto and of the holders of the Securities (and, with respect to the
 

 
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provisions of Article Fourteen, the holders of any indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities of any series are subordinated).
 
SEC TION 2.10
AUTHENTICATING AGENT.
 
So long as any of the Securities of any series remain Outstanding there may be an Authenticating Agent for any or all such series of Securities which the Trustee shall have the right to appoint. Said Authenticating Agent shall be authorized to act on behalf of the Trustee to authenticate Securities of such series issued upon exchange, transfer or partial redemption thereof, and Securities so authenticated shall be entitled to the benefits of this Indenture and shall be valid and obligatory for all purposes as if authenticated by the Trustee hereunder. All references in this Indenture to the authentication of Securities by the Trustee shall be deemed to include authentication by an Authenticating Agent for such series. Each Authenticating Agent shall be acceptable to the Company and shall be a corporation that has a combined capital and surplus, as most recently reported or determined by it, sufficient under the laws of any jurisdiction under which it is organized or in which it is doing business to conduct a trust business, and that is otherwise authorized under such laws to conduct such business and is subject to supervision or examination by federal or state authorities. If at any time any Authenticating Agent shall cease to be eligible in accordance with these provisions, it shall resign immediately.
 
Any Authenticating Agent may at any time resign by giving written notice of resignation to the Trustee and to the Company. The Trustee may at any time (and upon request by the Company shall) terminate the agency of any Authenticating Agent by giving written notice of termination to such Authenticating Agent and to the Company. Upon resignation, termination or cessation of eligibility of any Authenticating Agent, the Trustee may appoint an eligible successor Authenticating Agent acceptable to the Company. Any successor Authenticating Agent, upon acceptance of its appointment hereunder, shall become vested with all the rights, powers and duties of its predecessor hereunder as if originally named as an Authenticating Agent pursuant hereto.
 
SEC TION 2.11
GLOBAL SECURITIES.
 
(a)           If the Company shall establish pursuant to Section 2.1 that the Securities of a particular series are to be issued as a Global Security, then the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall, in accordance with Section 2.4, authenticate and deliver, a Global Security that (i) shall represent, and shall be denominated in an amount equal to the aggregate principal amount of, all of the Outstanding Securities of such series, (ii) shall be registered in the name of the Depositary or its nominee, (iii) shall be delivered by the Trustee to the Depositary or pursuant to the Depositary’s instruction and (iv) shall bear a legend substantially to the following effect: “Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.11 of the Indenture, this Security may be transferred, in whole but not in part, only to another nominee of the Depositary or to a successor Depositary or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.”
 
(b)           Notwithstanding the provisions of Section 2.5, the Global Security of a series may be transferred, in whole but not in part and in the manner provided in Section 2.5, only to another
 

 
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nominee of the Depositary for such series, or to a successor Depositary for such series selected or approved by the Company or to a nominee of such successor Depositary.
 
(c)           If at any time the Depositary for a series of the Securities notifies the Company that it is unwilling or unable to continue as Depositary for such series or if at any time the Depositary for such series shall no longer be registered or in good standing under the Exchange Act, or other applicable statute or regulation, and a successor Depositary for such series is not appointed by the Company within 90 days after the Company receives such notice or becomes aware of such condition, as the case may be, or if an Event of Default has occurred and is continuing and the Company has received a request from the Depositary, this Section 2.11 shall no longer be applicable to the Securities of such series and the Company will execute, and subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. In addition, the Company may at any time determine that the Securities of any series shall no longer be represented by a Global Security and that the provisions of this Section 2.11 shall no longer apply to the Securities of such series. In such event the Company will execute and, subject to Section 2.4, the Trustee, upon receipt of an Officers’ Certificate evidencing such determination by the Company, will authenticate and deliver the Securities of such series in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, and in an aggregate principal amount equal to the principal amount of the Global Security of such series in exchange for such Global Security. Upon the exchange of the Global Security for such Securities in definitive registered form without coupons, in authorized denominations, the Global Security shall be canceled by the Trustee. Such Securities in definitive registered form issued in exchange for the Global Security pursuant to this Section 2.11(c) shall be registered in such names and in such authorized denominations as the Depositary, pursuant to instructions from its direct or indirect participants or otherwise, shall instruct the Trustee. The Trustee shall deliver such Securities to the Depositary for delivery to the Persons in whose names such Securities are so registered.
 
ART ICLE 3
 
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES AND SINKING FUND PROVISIONS

SEC TION 3.1
REDEMPTION.
 
The Company may redeem the Securities of any series issued hereunder on and after the dates and in accordance with the terms established for such series pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof.
 
SEC TION 3.2
NOTICE OF REDEMPTION.
 
(a)           In case the Company shall desire to exercise such right to redeem all or, as the case may be, a portion of the Securities of any series in accordance with any right the Company reserved for itself to do so pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof, the Company shall, or shall cause the Trustee to, give notice of such redemption to holders of the Securities of such series to be redeemed by mailing, first class postage prepaid, a notice of such redemption not less than 30 days and not more than 90 days before the date fixed for redemption of that series to such
 

 
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holders at their last addresses as they shall appear upon the Security Register, unless a shorter period is specified in the Securities to be redeemed. Any notice that is mailed in the manner herein provided shall be conclusively presumed to have been duly given, whether or not the registered holder receives the notice. In any case, failure duly to give such notice to the holder of any Security of any series designated for redemption in whole or in part, or any defect in the notice, shall not affect the validity of the proceedings for the redemption of any other Securities of such series or any other series. In the case of any redemption of Securities prior to the expiration of any restriction on such redemption provided in the terms of such Securities or elsewhere in this Indenture, the Company shall furnish the Trustee with an Officers’ Certificate evidencing compliance with any such restriction.
 
Each such notice of redemption shall specify the date fixed for redemption and the redemption price at which Securities of that series are to be redeemed, and shall state that payment of the redemption price of such Securities to be redeemed will be made at the office or agency of the Company in the City of ______________ and State of ________, or such other location designated by the Company, upon presentation and surrender of such Securities, that interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption will be paid as specified in said notice, that from and after said date interest will cease to accrue and that the redemption is for a sinking fund, if such is the case. If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the notice to the holders of Securities of that series to be redeemed in part shall specify the particular Securities to be so redeemed.
 
In case any Security is to be redeemed in part only, the notice that relates to such Security shall state the portion of the principal amount thereof to be redeemed, and shall state that on and after the redemption date, upon surrender of such Security, a new Security or Securities of such series in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion thereof will be issued.
 
(b)           If less than all the Securities of a series are to be redeemed, the Company shall give the Trustee at least 45 days’ notice in advance of the date fixed for redemption as to the aggregate principal amount of Securities of the series to be redeemed, and thereupon the Trustee shall select, by lot or in such other manner as it shall deem appropriate and fair in its discretion and that may provide for the selection of a portion or portions (equal to one thousand U.S. dollars ($1,000) or any integral multiple thereof) of the principal amount of such Securities of a denomination larger than $1,000, the Securities to be redeemed and shall thereafter promptly notify the Company in writing of the numbers of the Securities to be redeemed, in whole or in part. The Company may, if and whenever it shall so elect, by delivery of instructions signed on its behalf by its chief executive officer, president or any senior vice president or vice president, instruct the Trustee or any paying agent to call all or any part of the Securities of a particular series for redemption and to give notice of redemption in the manner set forth in this Section, such notice to be in the name of the Company or its own name as the Trustee or such paying agent may deem advisable. In any case in which notice of redemption is to be given by the Trustee or any such paying agent, the Company shall deliver or cause to be delivered to, or permit to remain with, the Trustee or such paying agent, as the case may be, such Security Register, transfer books or other records, or suitable copies or extracts therefrom, sufficient to enable the Trustee or such paying agent to give any notice by mail that may be required under the provisions of this Section.
 

 
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SEC TION 3.3                                PAYMENT UPON REDEMPTION.
 
(a)           If the giving of notice of redemption shall have been completed as above provided, the Securities or portions of Securities of the series to be redeemed specified in such notice shall become due and payable on the date and at the place stated in such notice at the applicable redemption price, together with interest accrued to the date fixed for redemption and interest on such Securities or portions of Securities shall cease to accrue on and after the date fixed for redemption, unless the Company shall default in the payment of such redemption price and accrued interest with respect to any such Security or portion thereof. On presentation and surrender of such Securities on or after the date fixed for redemption at the place of payment specified in the notice, said Securities shall be paid and redeemed at the applicable redemption price for such series, together with interest accrued thereon to the date fixed for redemption (but if the date fixed for redemption is an interest payment date, the interest installment payable on such date shall be payable to the registered holder at the close of business on the applicable record date pursuant to Section 2.3).
 
(b)           Upon presentation of any Security of such series that is to be redeemed in part only, the Company shall execute and the Trustee shall authenticate and the office or agency where the Security is presented shall deliver to the holder thereof, at the expense of the Company, a new Security of the same series of authorized denominations in principal amount equal to the unredeemed portion of the Security so presented.
 
SEC TION 3.4
SINKING FUND.
 
The provisions of Sections 3.4, 3.5 and 3.6 shall be applicable to any sinking fund for the retirement of Securities of a series, except as otherwise specified as contemplated by Section 2.1 for Securities of such series.
 
The minimum amount of any sinking fund payment provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as a “mandatory sinking fund payment,” and any payment in excess of such minimum amount provided for by the terms of Securities of any series is herein referred to as an “optional sinking fund payment”. If provided for by the terms of Securities of any series, the cash amount of any sinking fund payment may be subject to reduction as provided in Section 3.5. Each sinking fund payment shall be applied to the redemption of Securities of any series as provided for by the terms of Securities of such series.
 
SEC TION 3.5
SATISFACTION OF SINKING FUND PAYMENTS WITH SECURITIES.
 
The Company (i) may deliver Outstanding Securities of a series and (ii) may apply as a credit Securities of a series that have been redeemed either at the election of the Company pursuant to the terms of such Securities or through the application of permitted optional sinking fund payments pursuant to the terms of such Securities, in each case in satisfaction of all or any part of any sinking fund payment with respect to the Securities of such series required to be made pursuant to the terms of such Securities as provided for by the terms of such series, provided that such Securities have not been previously so credited. Such Securities shall be received and credited for such purpose by the Trustee at the redemption price specified in such
 

 
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Securities for redemption through operation of the sinking fund and the amount of such sinking fund payment shall be reduced accordingly.
 
SEC TION 3.6
REDEMPTION OF SECURITIES FOR SINKING FUND.
 
Not less than 45 days prior to each sinking fund payment date for any series of Securities, the Company will deliver to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate specifying the amount of the next ensuing sinking fund payment for that series pursuant to the terms of the series, the portion thereof, if any, that is to be satisfied by delivering and crediting Securities of that series pursuant to Section 3.5 and the basis for such credit and will, together with such Officers’ Certificate, deliver to the Trustee any Securities to be so delivered. Not less than 30 days before each such sinking fund payment date the Trustee shall select the Securities to be redeemed upon such sinking fund payment date in the manner specified in Section 3.2 and cause notice of the redemption thereof to be given in the name of and at the expense of the Company in the manner provided in Section 3.2. Such notice having been duly given, the redemption of such Securities shall be made upon the terms and in the manner stated in Section 3.3.
 

ART ICLE 4
 
COVENANTS

SEC TION 4.1
PAYMENT OF PRINCIPAL, PREMIUM AND INTEREST.
 
The Company will duly and punctually pay or cause to be paid the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the Securities of that series at the time and place and in the manner provided herein and established with respect to such Securities. Payments of principal on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check drawn on and mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions to the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date). Payments of interest on the Securities may be made at the time provided herein and established with respect to such Securities by U.S. dollar check mailed to the address of the Securityholder entitled thereto as such address shall appear in the Security Register, or U.S. dollar wire transfer to, a U.S. dollar account (such a wire transfer to be made only to a Securityholder of an aggregate principal amount of Securities of the applicable series in excess of two million U.S. dollars ($2,000,000) and only if such Securityholder shall have furnished wire instructions in writing to the Security Registrar and the Trustee no later than 15 days prior to the relevant payment date).
 
SEC TION 4.2
MAINTENANCE OF OFFICE OR AGENCY.
 
So long as any series of the Securities remain Outstanding, the Company agrees to maintain an office or agency in the City of ______________ and State of ________, with respect
 

 
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to each such series and at such other location or locations as may be designated as provided in this Section 4.2, where (i) Securities of that series may be presented for payment, (ii) Securities of that series may be presented as herein above authorized for registration of transfer and exchange, and (iii) notices and demands to or upon the Company in respect of the Securities of that series and this Indenture may be given or served, such designation to continue with respect to such office or agency until the Company shall, by written notice signed by any officer authorized to sign an Officers’ Certificate and delivered to the Trustee, designate some other office or agency for such purposes or any of them. If at any time the Company shall fail to maintain any such required office or agency or shall fail to furnish the Trustee with the address thereof, such presentations, notices and demands may be made or served at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee, and the Company hereby appoints the Trustee as its agent to receive all such presentations, notices and demands. The Company initially appoints the corporate trust office of [______________], an affiliate of the Trustee, located in the City of ________ as its paying agent with respect to the Securities.
 
SEC TION 4.3
PAYING AGENTS.
 
(a)           If the Company shall appoint one or more paying agents for all or any series of the Securities, other than the Trustee, the Company will cause each such paying agent to execute and deliver to the Trustee an instrument in which such agent shall agree with the Trustee, subject to the provisions of this Section:
 
(1)           that it will hold all sums held by it as such agent for the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series (whether such sums have been paid to it by the Company or by any other obligor of such Securities) in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto;
 
(2)           that it will give the Trustee notice of any failure by the Company (or by any other obligor of such Securities) to make any payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on the Securities of that series when the same shall be due and payable;
 
(3)           that it will, at any time during the continuance of any failure referred to in the preceding paragraph (a)(2) above, upon the written request of the Trustee, forthwith pay to the Trustee all sums so held in trust by such paying agent; and
 
(4)           that it will perform all other duties of paying agent as set forth in this Indenture.
 
(b)           If the Company shall act as its own paying agent with respect to any series of the Securities, it will on or before each due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on Securities of that series, set aside, segregate and hold in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled thereto a sum sufficient to pay such principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due on Securities of that series until such sums shall be paid to such Persons or otherwise disposed of as herein provided and will promptly notify the Trustee of such action, or any failure (by it or any other obligor on such Securities) to take such action. Whenever the Company shall have one or more paying agents for any series of Securities, it will, prior to each
 

 
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due date of the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on any Securities of that series, deposit with the paying agent a sum sufficient to pay the principal (and premium, if any) or interest so becoming due, such sum to be held in trust for the benefit of the Persons entitled to such principal, premium or interest, and (unless such paying agent is the Trustee) the Company will promptly notify the Trustee of this action or failure so to act.
 
(c)           Notwithstanding anything in this Section to the contrary, (i) the agreement to hold sums in trust as provided in this Section is subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, and (ii) the Company may at any time, for the purpose of obtaining the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture or for any other purpose, pay, or direct any paying agent to pay, to the Trustee all sums held in trust by the Company or such paying agent, such sums to be held by the Trustee upon the same terms and conditions as those upon which such sums were held by the Company or such paying agent; and, upon such payment by the Company or any paying agent to the Trustee, the Company or such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such money.
 
SEC TION 4.4
APPOINTMENT TO FILL VACANCY IN OFFICE OF TRUSTEE.
 
The Company, whenever necessary to avoid or fill a vacancy in the office of Trustee, will appoint, in the manner provided in Section 7.10, a Trustee, so that there shall at all times be a Trustee hereunder.
 
SEC TION 4.5
COMPLIANCE WITH CONSOLIDATION PROVISIONS.
 
The Company will not, while any of the Securities remain Outstanding, consolidate with or merge into any other Person, in either case where the Company is not the survivor of such transaction, or sell or convey all or substantially all of its property to any other Person unless the provisions of Article Ten hereof are complied with.
 
ART ICLE 5

SECURITYHOLDERS’ LISTS AND REPORTS
BY THE COMPANY AND THE TRUSTEE

SEC TION 5.1
COMPANY TO FURNISH TRUSTEE NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
The Company will furnish or cause to be furnished to the Trustee (a) on each regular record date (as defined in Section 2.3) a list, in such form as the Trustee may reasonably require, of the names and addresses of the holders of each series of Securities as of such regular record date, provided that the Company shall not be obligated to furnish or cause to furnish such list at any time that the list shall not differ in any respect from the most recent list furnished to the Trustee by the Company and (b) at such other times as the Trustee may request in writing within 30 days after the receipt by the Company of any such request, a list of similar form and content as of a date not more than 15 days prior to the time such list is furnished; provided, however,
 

 
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that, in either case, no such list need be furnished for any series for which the Trustee shall be the Security Registrar.
 
SEC TION 5.2
PRESERVATION OF INFORMATION; COMMUNICATIONS WITH SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
(a)           The Trustee shall preserve, in as current a form as is reasonably practicable, all information as to the names and addresses of the holders of Securities contained in the most recent list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 and as to the names and addresses of holders of Securities received by the Trustee in its capacity as Security Registrar (if acting in such capacity).
 
(b)           The Trustee may destroy any list furnished to it as provided in Section 5.1 upon receipt of a new list so furnished.
 
(c)           Securityholders may communicate as provided in Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act with other Securityholders with respect to their rights under this Indenture or under the Securities, and, in connection with any such communications, the Trustee shall satisfy its obligations under Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act in accordance with the provisions of Section 312(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
SEC TION 5.3
REPORTS BY THE COMPANY.
 
The Company covenants and agrees to provide a copy to the Trustee, within 15 days after the Company is required to file the same with the Securities and Exchange Commission, copies of the annual reports and of the information, documents and other reports (or copies of such portions of any of the foregoing as the Securities and Exchange Commission may from time to time by rules and regulations prescribe) that the Company may be required to file with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Exchange Act.
 
SEC TION 5.4
REPORTS BY THE TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           On or before May 1 in each year in which any of the Securities are Outstanding, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register, a brief report dated as of the preceding May 1, if and to the extent required under Section 313(a) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
(b)           The Trustee shall comply with Section 313(b) and 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
(c)           A copy of each such report shall, at the time of such transmission to Securityholders, be filed by the Trustee with the Company, with each securities exchange upon which any Securities are listed (if so listed) and also with the Securities and Exchange Commission. The Company agrees to notify the Trustee when any Securities become listed on any securities exchange.
 

 
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ART ICLE 6
 
REMEDIES OF THE TRUSTEE AND SECURITYHOLDERS ON EVENT OF DEFAULT
 

SEC TION 6.1
EVENTS OF DEFAULT.
 
(a)           Whenever used herein with respect to Securities of a particular series, “Event of Default” means any one or more of the following events that has occurred and is continuing:
 
(1)           the Company defaults in the payment of any installment of interest upon any of the Securities of that series, as and when the same shall become due and payable, and such default continues for a period of 90 days; provided, however, that a valid extension of an interest payment period by the Company in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of interest for this purpose;
 
(2)           the Company defaults in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due and payable whether at maturity, upon redemption, by declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series; provided, however, that a valid extension of the maturity of such Securities in accordance with the terms of any indenture supplemental hereto shall not constitute a default in the payment of principal or premium, if any;
 
(3)           the Company fails to observe or perform any other of its covenants or agreements with respect to that series contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to that series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof (other than a covenant or agreement that has been expressly included in this Indenture solely for the benefit of one or more series of Securities other than such series) for a period of 90 days after the date on which written notice of such failure, requiring the same to be remedied and stating that such notice is a “Notice of Default” hereunder, shall have been given to the Company by the Trustee, by registered or certified mail, or to the Company and the Trustee by the holders of at least 25% in principal amount of the Securities of that series at the time Outstanding;
 
(4)           the Company pursuant to or within the meaning of any Bankruptcy Law (i) commences a voluntary case, (ii) consents to the entry of an order for relief against it in an involuntary case, (iii) consents to the appointment of a Custodian of it or for all or substantially all of its property or (iv) makes a general assignment for the benefit of its creditors; or
 
(5)           a court of competent jurisdiction enters an order under any Bankruptcy Law that (i) is for relief against the Company in an involuntary case, (ii) appoints a Custodian of the Company for all or substantially all of its property or (iii) orders the liquidation of the Company, and the order or decree remains unstayed and in effect for 90 days.
 

 
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(b)           In each and every such case (other than an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above), unless the principal of all the Securities of that series shall have already become due and payable, either the Trustee or the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by notice in writing to the Company (and to the Trustee if given by such Securityholders), may declare the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series to be due and payable immediately, and upon any such declaration the same shall become and shall be immediately due and payable. If an Event of Default specified in clause (4) or clause (5) above occurs, the principal of and accrued and unpaid interest on all the Securities of that series shall automatically be immediately due and payable without any declaration or other act on the part of the Trustee or the holders of the Securities.
 
(c)           At any time after the principal of (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on the Securities of that series shall have been so declared due and payable, and before any judgment or decree for the payment of the moneys due shall have been obtained or entered as hereinafter provided, the holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of that series then Outstanding hereunder, by written notice to the Company and the Trustee, may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if: (i) the Company has paid or deposited with the Trustee a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest upon all the Securities of that series and the principal of (and premium, if any, on) any and all Securities of that series that shall have become due otherwise than by acceleration (with interest upon such principal and premium, if any, and, to the extent that such payment is enforceable under applicable law, upon overdue installments of interest, at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series to the date of such payment or deposit) and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6, and (ii) any and all Events of Default under the Indenture with respect to such series, other than the nonpayment of principal on (and premium, if any, on) and accrued and unpaid interest on Securities of that series that shall not have become due by their terms, shall have been remedied or waived as provided in Section 6.6.
 

No such rescission and annulment shall extend to or shall affect any subsequent default or impair any right consequent thereon.

(d)                      In case the Trustee shall have proceeded to enforce any right with respect to Securities of that series under this Indenture and such proceedings shall have been discontinued or abandoned because of such rescission or annulment or for any other reason or shall have been determined adversely to the Trustee, then and in every such case, subject to any determination in such proceedings, the Company and the Trustee shall be restored respectively to their former positions and rights hereunder, and all rights, remedies and powers of the Company and the Trustee shall continue as though no such proceedings had been taken.
 
SEC TION 6.2
COLLECTION OF INDEBTEDNESS AND SUITS FOR ENFORCEMENT BY TRUSTEE.
 
           (a)      The Company covenants that (i) in case it shall default in the payment of any installment of interest on any of the Securities of a series, and such default shall have continued for a period of 90 Business Days, or (ii) in case it shall default in the payment of the principal of
 
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(or premium, if any, on) any of the Securities of a series when the same shall have become due and payable, whether upon maturity of the Securities of a series or upon redemption or upon declaration or otherwise, or in any payment required by any sinking or analogous fund established with respect to that series as and when the same shall have become due and payable, then, upon demand of the Trustee, the Company will pay to the Trustee, for the benefit of the holders of the Securities of that series, the whole amount that then shall have been become due and payable on all such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) or interest, or both, as the case may be, with interest upon the overdue principal (and premium, if any) and (to the extent that payment of such interest is enforceable under applicable law) upon overdue installments of interest at the rate per annum expressed in the Securities of that series; and, in addition thereto, such further amount as shall be sufficient to cover the costs and expenses of collection, and the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6    
 
(b)           If the Company shall fail to pay such amounts forthwith upon such demand, the Trustee, in its own name and as trustee of an express trust, shall be entitled and empowered to institute any action or proceedings at law or in equity for the collection of the sums so due and unpaid, and may prosecute any such action or proceeding to judgment or final decree, and may enforce any such judgment or final decree against the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series and collect the moneys adjudged or decreed to be payable in the manner provided by law or equity out of the property of the Company or other obligor upon the Securities of that series, wherever situated.
 
(c)           In case of any receivership, insolvency, liquidation, bankruptcy, reorganization, readjustment, arrangement, composition or judicial proceedings affecting the Company, or its creditors or property, the Trustee shall have power to intervene in such proceedings and take any action therein that may be permitted by the court and shall (except as may be otherwise provided by law) be entitled to file such proofs of claim and other papers and documents as may be necessary or advisable in order to have the claims of the Trustee and of the holders of Securities of such series allowed for the entire amount due and payable by the Company under the Indenture at the date of institution of such proceedings and for any additional amount that may become due and payable by the Company after such date, and to collect and receive any moneys or other property payable or deliverable on any such claim, and to distribute the same after the deduction of the amount payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6; and any receiver, assignee or trustee in bankruptcy or reorganization is hereby authorized by each of the holders of Securities of such series to make such payments to the Trustee, and, in the event that the Trustee shall consent to the making of such payments directly to such Securityholders, to pay to the Trustee any amount due it under Section 7.6.
 
(d)           All rights of action and of asserting claims under this Indenture, or under any of the terms established with respect to Securities of that series, may be enforced by the Trustee without the possession of any of such Securities, or the production thereof at any trial or other proceeding relative thereto, and any such suit or proceeding instituted by the Trustee shall be brought in its own name as trustee of an express trust, and any recovery of judgment shall, after provision for payment to the Trustee of any amounts due under Section 7.6, be for the ratable benefit of the holders of the Securities of such series.

 
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In case of an Event of Default hereunder, the Trustee may in its discretion proceed to protect and enforce the rights vested in it by this Indenture by such appropriate judicial proceedings as the Trustee shall deem most effectual to protect and enforce any of such rights, either at law or in equity or in bankruptcy or otherwise, whether for the specific enforcement of any covenant or agreement contained in the Indenture or in aid of the exercise of any power granted in this Indenture, or to enforce any other legal or equitable right vested in the Trustee by this Indenture or by law.
 
Nothing contained herein shall be deemed to authorize the Trustee to authorize or consent to or accept or adopt on behalf of any Securityholder any plan of reorganization, arrangement, adjustment or composition affecting the Securities of that series or the rights of any holder thereof or to authorize the Trustee to vote in respect of the claim of any Securityholder in any such proceeding.
 

SEC TION 6.3
APPLICATION OF MONEYS COLLECTED.
 
Any moneys collected by the Trustee pursuant to this Article with respect to a particular series of Securities shall be applied in the following order, at the date or dates fixed by the Trustee and, in case of the distribution of such moneys on account of principal (or premium, if any) or interest, upon presentation of the Securities of that series, and notation thereon of the payment, if only partially paid, and upon surrender thereof if fully paid:
 
FIRST: To the payment of reasonable costs and expenses of collection and of all amounts payable to the Trustee under Section 7.6;
 
SECOND: To the payment of all indebtedness of the Company to which such series of Securities is subordinated to the extent required by Article Fourteen;
 
THIRD: To the payment of the amounts then due and unpaid upon Securities of such series for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, in respect of which or for the benefit of which such money has been collected, ratably, without preference or priority of any kind, according to the amounts due and payable on such Securities for principal (and premium, if any) and interest, respectively; and
 
FOURTH: To the payment of the remainder, if any, to the Company or any other Person lawfully entitled thereto.
 
SEC TION 6.4
LIMITATION ON SUITS.
 
No holder of any Security of any series shall have any right by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to institute any suit, action or proceeding in equity or at law upon or under or with respect to this Indenture or for the appointment of a receiver or trustee, or for any other remedy hereunder, unless (i) such holder previously shall have given to the Trustee written notice of an Event of Default and of the continuance thereof with respect to the Securities of such series specifying such Event of Default, as hereinbefore provided; (ii) the holders of not less than 25% in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of such series then Outstanding shall have made written request upon the Trustee to institute such action, suit or proceeding in its
 

 
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own name as Trustee hereunder; (iii) such holder or holders shall have offered to the Trustee such reasonable indemnity as it may require against the costs, expenses and liabilities to be incurred therein or thereby; (iv) the Trustee for 90 days after its receipt of such notice, request and offer of indemnity, shall have failed to institute any such action, suit or proceeding and (v) during such 90 day period, the holders of a majority in principal amount of the Securities of that series do not give the Trustee a direction inconsistent with the request.
 
Notwithstanding anything contained herein to the contrary or any other provisions of this Indenture, the right of any holder of any Security to receive payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on such Security, as therein provided, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security (or in the case of redemption, on the redemption date), or to institute suit for the enforcement of any such payment on or after such respective dates or redemption date, shall not be impaired or affected without the consent of such holder and by accepting a Security hereunder it is expressly understood, intended and covenanted by the taker and holder of every Security of such series with every other such taker and holder and the Trustee, that no one or more holders of Securities of such series shall have any right in any manner whatsoever by virtue or by availing of any provision of this Indenture to affect, disturb or prejudice the rights of the holders of any other of such Securities, or to obtain or seek to obtain priority over or preference to any other such holder, or to enforce any right under this Indenture, except in the manner herein provided and for the equal, ratable and common benefit of all holders of Securities of such series. For the protection and enforcement of the provisions of this Section, each and every Securityholder and the Trustee shall be entitled to such relief as can be given either at law or in equity.
 
SEC TION 6.5
RIGHTS AND REMEDIES CUMULATIVE; DELAY OR OMISSION NOT WAIVER.
 
(a)           Except as otherwise provided in Section 2.7, all powers and remedies given by this Article to the Trustee or to the Securityholders shall, to the extent permitted by law, be deemed cumulative and not exclusive of any other powers and remedies available to the Trustee or the holders of the Securities, by judicial proceedings or otherwise, to enforce the performance or observance of the covenants and agreements contained in this Indenture or otherwise established with respect to such Securities.
 
(b)           No delay or omission of the Trustee or of any holder of any of the Securities to exercise any right or power accruing upon any Event of Default occurring and continuing as aforesaid shall impair any such right or power, or shall be construed to be a waiver of any such default or an acquiescence therein; and, subject to the provisions of Section 6.4, every power and remedy given by this Article or by law to the Trustee or the Securityholders may be exercised from time to time, and as often as shall be deemed expedient, by the Trustee or by the Securityholders. 
 
SEC TION 6.6                        CONTROL BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, shall have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the
 

 
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 Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred on the Trustee with respect to such series; provided, however, that such direction shall not be in conflict with any rule of law or with this Indenture. Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, the Trustee shall have the right to decline to follow any such direction if the Trustee in good faith shall, by a Responsible Officer or officers of the Trustee, determine that the proceeding so directed, subject to the Trustee’s duties under the Trust Indenture Act, would involve the Trustee in personal liability or might be unduly prejudicial to the Securityholders not involved in the proceeding. The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding affected thereby, determined in accordance with Section 8.4, may on behalf of the holders of all of the Securities of such series waive any past default in the performance of any of the covenants contained herein or established pursuant to Section 2.1 with respect to such series and its consequences, except a default in the payment of the principal of, or premium, if any, or interest on, any of the Securities of that series as and when the same shall become due by the terms of such Securities otherwise than by acceleration (unless such default has been cured and a sum sufficient to pay all matured installments of interest and principal and any premium has been deposited with the Trustee (in accordance with Section 6.1(c)). Upon any such waiver, the default covered thereby shall be deemed to be cured for all purposes of this Indenture and the Company, the Trustee and the holders of the Securities of such series shall be restored to their former positions and rights hereunder, respectively; but no such waiver shall extend to any subsequent or other default or impair any right consequent thereon.
 

SEC TION 6.7
UNDERTAKING TO PAY COSTS.
 
All parties to this Indenture agree, and each holder of any Securities by such holder’s acceptance thereof shall be deemed to have agreed, that any court may in its discretion require, in any suit for the enforcement of any right or remedy under this Indenture, or in any suit against the Trustee for any action taken or omitted by it as Trustee, the filing by any party litigant in such suit of an undertaking to pay the costs of such suit, and that such court may in its discretion assess reasonable costs, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, against any party litigant in such suit, having due regard to the merits and good faith of the claims or defenses made by such party litigant; but the provisions of this Section shall not apply to any suit instituted by the Trustee, to any suit instituted by any Securityholder, or group of Securityholders, holding more than 10% in aggregate principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of any series, or to any suit instituted by any Securityholder for the enforcement of the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security of such series, on or after the respective due dates expressed in such Security or established pursuant to this Indenture.
 
ART ICLE 7
 
CONCERNING THE TRUSTEE

SEC TION 7.1                                CERTAIN DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           The Trustee, prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing of all Events of Default with respect to the Securities of that series that may have occurred, shall undertake to perform with respect to the Securities of
 
 
 
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such series such duties and only such duties as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee. In case an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series has occurred (that has not been cured or waived), the Trustee shall exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs.
 
(b)           No provision of this Indenture shall be construed to relieve the Trustee from liability for its own negligent action, its own negligent failure to act, or its own willful misconduct, except that:
 
(i)           prior to the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to the Securities of a series and after the curing or waiving of all such Events of Default with respect to that series that may have occurred:
 
(A)  the duties and obligations of the Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of such series be determined solely by the express provisions of this Indenture, and the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to the Securities of such series except for the performance of such duties and obligations as are specifically set forth in this Indenture, and no implied covenants or obligations shall be read into this Indenture against the Trustee; and
 
(B)           in the absence of bad faith on the part of the Trustee, the Trustee may with respect to the Securities of such series conclusively rely, as to the truth of the statements and the correctness of the opinions expressed therein, upon any certificates or opinions furnished to the Trustee and conforming to the requirements of this Indenture; but in the case of any such certificates or opinions that by any provision hereof are specifically required to be furnished to the Trustee, the Trustee shall be under a duty to examine the same to determine whether or not they conform to the requirement of this Indenture;
 
(ii)           the Trustee shall not be liable for any error of judgment made in good faith by a Responsible Officer or Responsible Officers of the Trustee, unless it shall be proved that the Trustee was negligent in ascertaining the pertinent facts;
 

(iii)           the Trustee shall not be liable with respect to any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith in accordance with the direction of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding relating to the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the Trustee, or exercising any trust or power conferred upon the Trustee under this Indenture with respect to the Securities of that series; and
 

 
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(iv)           None of the provisions contained in this Indenture shall require the Trustee to expend or risk its own funds or otherwise incur personal financial liability in the performance of any of its duties or in the exercise of any of its rights or powers if there is reasonable ground for believing that the repayment of such funds or liability is not reasonably assured to it under the terms of this Indenture or adequate indemnity against such risk is not reasonably assured to it.
 
SEC TION 7.2
CERTAIN RIGHTS OF TRUSTEE.
 
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1:

(a)           The Trustee may rely and shall be protected in acting or refraining from acting upon any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security or other paper or document believed by it to be genuine and to have been signed or presented by the proper party or parties;
 
(b)           Any request, direction, order or demand of the Company mentioned herein shall be sufficiently evidenced by a Board Resolution or an instrument signed in the name of the Company by any authorized officer of the Company (unless other evidence in respect thereof is specifically prescribed herein);
 
(c)           The Trustee may consult with counsel and the written advice of such counsel or any Opinion of Counsel shall be full and complete authorization and protection in respect of any action taken or suffered or omitted hereunder in good faith and in reliance thereon;
 
(d)           The Trustee shall be under no obligation to exercise any of the rights or powers vested in it by this Indenture at the request, order or direction of any of the Securityholders pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture, unless such Securityholders shall have offered to the Trustee reasonable security or indemnity against the costs, expenses and liabilities that may be incurred therein or thereby; nothing contained herein shall, however, relieve the Trustee of the obligation, upon the occurrence of an Event of Default with respect to a series of the Securities (that has not been cured or waived), to exercise with respect to Securities of that series such of the rights and powers vested in it by this Indenture, and to use the same degree of care and skill in their exercise, as a prudent man would exercise or use under the circumstances in the conduct of his own affairs;
 
(e)           The Trustee shall not be liable for any action taken or omitted to be taken by it in good faith and believed by it to be authorized or within the discretion or rights or powers conferred upon it by this Indenture;
 
(f)           The Trustee shall not be bound to make any investigation into the facts or matters stated in any resolution, certificate, statement, instrument, opinion, report, notice, request, consent, order, approval, bond, security, or other papers or documents, unless requested in writing so to do by the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the Outstanding Securities of the particular series affected thereby (determined as provided in Section 8.4); provided, however, that if the payment within a reasonable time to the Trustee of the costs,

 
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expenses or liabilities likely to be incurred by it in the making of such investigation is, in the opinion of the Trustee, not reasonably assured to the Trustee by the security afforded to it by the terms of this Indenture, the Trustee may require reasonable indemnity against such costs, expenses or liabilities as a condition to so proceeding. The reasonable expense of every such examination shall be paid by the Company or, if paid by the Trustee, shall be repaid by the Company upon demand; and
 
(g)           The Trustee may execute any of the trusts or powers hereunder or perform any duties hereunder either directly or by or through agents or attorneys and the Trustee shall not be responsible for any misconduct or negligence on the part of any agent or attorney appointed with due care by it hereunder.
 
SEC TION 7.3
TRUSTEE NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR RECITALS OR ISSUANCE OR SECURITIES.
 
(a)           The recitals contained herein and in the Securities shall be taken as the statements of the Company, and the Trustee assumes no responsibility for the correctness of the same.
 
(b)           The Trustee makes no representations as to the validity or sufficiency of this Indenture or of the Securities.
 
(c)           The Trustee shall not be accountable for the use or application by the Company of any of the Securities or of the proceeds of such Securities, or for the use or application of any moneys paid over by the Trustee in accordance with any provision of this Indenture or established pursuant to Section 2.1, or for the use or application of any moneys received by any paying agent other than the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 7.4
MAY HOLD SECURITIES.
 
The Trustee or any paying agent or Security Registrar, in its individual or any other capacity, may become the owner or pledgee of Securities with the same rights it would have if it were not Trustee, paying agent or Security Registrar.
 
SEC TION 7.5
MONEYS HELD IN TRUST.
 
Subject to the provisions of Section 11.5, all moneys received by the Trustee shall, until used or applied as herein provided, be held in trust for the purposes for which they were received, but need not be segregated from other funds except to the extent required by law. The Trustee shall be under no liability for interest on any moneys received by it hereunder except such as it may agree with the Company to pay thereon.
 
SEC TION 7.6
COMPENSATION AND REIMBURSEMENT.
 
   
     (a)     The Company covenants and agrees to pay to the Trustee, and the Trustee shall be entitled to, such reasonable compensation (which shall not be limited by any provision of law in regard to the compensation of a trustee of an express trust) as the Company and the Trustee may from time to time agree in writing, for all services rendered by it in the execution of the trusts hereby created and in the exercise and performance of any of the powers and duties hereunder of
 
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the Trustee, and, except as otherwise expressly provided herein, the Company will pay or reimburse the Trustee upon its request for all reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances incurred or made by the Trustee in accordance with any of the provisions of this Indenture (including the reasonable compensation and the expenses and disbursements of its counsel and of all Persons not regularly in its employ), except any such expense, disbursement or advance as may arise from its negligence or bad faith and except as the Company and Trustee may from time to time agree in writing. The Company also covenants to indemnify the Trustee (and its officers, agents, directors and employees) for, and to hold it harmless against, any loss, liability or expense incurred without negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee and arising out of or in connection with the acceptance or administration of this trust, including the reasonable costs and expenses of defending itself against any claim of liability in the premises.
 
(b)           The obligations of the Company under this Section to compensate and indemnify the Trustee and to pay or reimburse the Trustee for reasonable expenses, disbursements and advances shall constitute indebtedness of the Company to which the Securities are subordinated. Such additional indebtedness shall be secured by a lien prior to that of the Securities upon all property and funds held or collected by the Trustee as such, except funds held in trust for the benefit of the holders of particular Securities.
 
SEC TION 7.7
RELIANCE ON OFFICERS’ CERTIFICATE.
 
Except as otherwise provided in Section 7.1, whenever in the administration of the provisions of this Indenture the Trustee shall deem it reasonably necessary or desirable that a matter be proved or established prior to taking or suffering or omitting to take any action hereunder, such matter (unless other evidence in respect thereof be herein specifically prescribed) may, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, be deemed to be conclusively proved and established by an Officers’ Certificate delivered to the Trustee and such certificate, in the absence of negligence or bad faith on the part of the Trustee, shall be full warrant to the Trustee for any action taken, suffered or omitted to be taken by it under the provisions of this Indenture upon the faith thereof.
 
SEC TION 7.8
DISQUALIFICATION; CONFLICTING INTERESTS.
 
If the Trustee has or shall acquire any “conflicting interest” within the meaning of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act, the Trustee and the Company shall in all respects comply with the provisions of Section 310(b) of the Trust Indenture Act.
 
SEC TION 7.9
CORPORATE TRUSTEE REQUIRED; ELIGIBILITY.
 
There shall at all times be a Trustee with respect to the Securities issued hereunder which shall at all times be a corporation organized and doing business under the laws of the United States of America or any state or territory thereof or of the District of Columbia, or a corporation or other Person permitted to act as trustee by the Securities and Exchange Commission, authorized under such laws to exercise corporate trust powers, having (or, in the case of a subsidiary of a bank holding company, its bank holding company parent shall have) a combined capital and surplus of at least fifty million U.S. dollars ($50,000,000), and subject to supervision or examination by federal, state, territorial, or District of Columbia authority.
 

 
 
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If such corporation or other Person publishes reports of condition at least annually, pursuant to law or to the requirements of the aforesaid supervising or examining authority, then for the purposes of this Section, the combined capital and surplus of such corporation or other Person shall be deemed to be its combined capital and surplus as set forth in its most recent report of condition so published. The Company may not, nor may any Person directly or indirectly controlling, controlled by, or under common control with the Company, serve as Trustee. In case at any time the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall resign immediately in the manner and with the effect specified in Section 7.10.

SEC TION 7.10
RESIGNATION AND REMOVAL; APPOINTMENT OF SUCCESSOR.
 
(a)           The Trustee or any successor hereafter appointed may at any time resign with respect to the Securities of one or more series by giving written notice thereof to the Company and by transmitting notice of resignation by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders of such series, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Upon receiving such notice of resignation, the Company shall promptly appoint a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the resigning Trustee and one copy to the successor trustee. If no successor trustee shall have been so appointed and have accepted appointment within 30 days after the mailing of such notice of resignation, the resigning Trustee may petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the appointment of a successor trustee with respect to Securities of such series, or any Securityholder of that series who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may on behalf of himself and all others similarly situated, petition any such court for the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, appoint a successor trustee.
 
(b)           In case at any time any one of the following shall occur:
 
(i)           the Trustee shall fail to comply with the provisions of Section 7.8 after written request therefor by the Company or by any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months; or
 
(ii)           the Trustee shall cease to be eligible in accordance with the provisions of Section 7.9 and shall fail to resign after written request therefor by the Company or by any such Securityholder; or
 
(iii)           the Trustee shall become incapable of acting, or shall be adjudged a bankrupt or insolvent, or commence a voluntary bankruptcy proceeding, or a receiver of the Trustee or of its property shall be appointed or consented to, or any public officer shall take charge or control of the Trustee or of its property or affairs for the purpose of rehabilitation, conservation or liquidation; then, in any such case, the Company may remove the Trustee with respect to all Securities and appoint a successor trustee by written instrument, in duplicate, executed by order of the Board of Directors, one copy of which instrument shall be delivered to the Trustee so removed and one
 

 
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 copy to the successor trustee, or any Securityholder who has been a bona fide holder of a Security or Securities for at least six months may, on behalf of that holder and all others similarly situated, petition any court of competent jurisdiction for the removal of the Trustee and the appointment of a successor trustee. Such court may thereupon after such notice, if any, as it may deem proper and prescribe, remove the Trustee and appoint a successor trustee.
 
(c)           The holders of a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of any series at the time Outstanding may at any time remove the Trustee with respect to such series by so notifying the Trustee and the Company and may appoint a successor Trustee for such series with the consent of the Company.
 
(d)           Any resignation or removal of the Trustee and appointment of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of a series pursuant to any of the provisions of this Section shall become effective upon acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee as provided in Section 7.11.
 
(e)           Any successor trustee appointed pursuant to this Section may be appointed with respect to the Securities of one or more series or all of such series, and at any time there shall be only one Trustee with respect to the Securities of any particular series.
 
SEC TION 7.11
ACCEPTANCE OF APPOINTMENT BY SUCCESSOR.
 
(a)           In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to all Securities, every such successor trustee so appointed shall execute, acknowledge and deliver to the Company and to the retiring Trustee an instrument accepting such appointment, and thereupon the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective and such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee; but, on the request of the Company or the successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall, upon payment of its charges, execute and deliver an instrument transferring to such successor trustee all the rights, powers, and trusts of the retiring Trustee and shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee all property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder.
 
(b)           In case of the appointment hereunder of a successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more (but not all) series, the Company, the retiring Trustee and each successor trustee with respect to the Securities of one or more series shall execute and deliver an indenture supplemental hereto wherein each successor trustee shall accept such appointment and which (i) shall contain such provisions as shall be necessary or desirable to transfer and confirm to, and to vest in, each successor trustee all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates, (ii) shall contain such provisions as shall be deemed necessary or desirable to confirm that all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series as to which the retiring Trustee is not retiring shall continue to be vested in the retiring Trustee, and (iii) shall add to or change any of the provisions of this Indenture as shall be necessary to provide for or facilitate the administration of the trusts hereunder by more than one Trustee, it being understood that nothing herein or in such supplemental indenture shall constitute such Trustees co-trustees of the same trust, that each such
 

 
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Trustee shall be trustee of a trust or trusts hereunder separate and apart from any trust or trusts hereunder administered by any other such Trustee and that no Trustee shall be responsible for any act or failure to act on the part of any other Trustee hereunder; and upon the execution and delivery of such supplemental indenture the resignation or removal of the retiring Trustee shall become effective to the extent provided therein, such retiring Trustee shall with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates have no further responsibility for the exercise of rights and powers or for the performance of the duties and obligations vested in the Trustee under this Indenture, and each such successor trustee, without any further act, deed or conveyance, shall become vested with all the rights, powers, trusts and duties of the retiring Trustee with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates; but, on request of the Company or any successor trustee, such retiring Trustee shall duly assign, transfer and deliver to such successor trustee, to the extent contemplated by such supplemental indenture, the property and money held by such retiring Trustee hereunder with respect to the Securities of that or those series to which the appointment of such successor trustee relates.
 
(c)           Upon request of any such successor trustee, the Company shall execute any and all instruments for more fully and certainly vesting in and confirming to such successor trustee all such rights, powers and trusts referred to in paragraph (a) or (b) of this Section, as the case may be.
 
(d)           No successor trustee shall accept its appointment unless at the time of such acceptance such successor trustee shall be qualified and eligible under this Article.
 
(e)           Upon acceptance of appointment by a successor trustee as provided in this Section, the Company shall transmit notice of the succession of such trustee hereunder by mail, first class postage prepaid, to the Securityholders, as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. If the Company fails to transmit such notice within ten days after acceptance of appointment by the successor trustee, the successor trustee shall cause such notice to be transmitted at the expense of the Company.
 
SEC TION 7.12
MERGER, CONVERSION, CONSOLIDATION OR SUCCESSION TO BUSINESS.
 
Any corporation into which the Trustee may be merged or converted or with which it may be consolidated, or any corporation resulting from any merger, conversion or consolidation to which the Trustee shall be a party, or any corporation succeeding to all or substantially all of the corporate trust business of the Trustee (including the administration of the trust created by this Indenture), shall be the successor of the Trustee hereunder, provided that such corporation shall be qualified under the provisions of Section 7.8 and eligible under the provisions of Section 7.9, without the execution or filing of any paper or any further act on the part of any of the parties hereto, anything herein to the contrary notwithstanding. In case any Securities shall have been authenticated, but not delivered, by the Trustee then in office, any successor by merger, conversion or consolidation to such authenticating Trustee may adopt such authentication and deliver the Securities so authenticated with the same effect as if such successor Trustee had itself authenticated such Securities.
 

 
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SEC TION 7.13
PREFERENTIAL COLLECTION OF CLAIMS AGAINST THE COMPANY.
 
The Trustee shall comply with Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act, excluding any creditor relationship described in Section 311(b) of the Trust Indenture Act. A Trustee who has resigned or been removed shall be subject to Section 311(a) of the Trust Indenture Act to the extent included therein.
 
SEC TION 7.14
NOTICE OF DEFAULT.
 
If any Default or any Event of Default occurs and is continuing and if such Default or Event of Default is known to a Responsible Officer of the Trustee, the Trustee shall mail to each Securityholder in the manner and to the extent provided in Section 313(c) of the Trust Indenture Act notice of the Default or Event of Default within 45 days after it occurs, unless such Default or Event of Default has been cured; provided, however, that, except in the case of a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any Security, the Trustee shall be protected in withholding such notice if and so long as the board of directors, the executive committee or a trust committee of directors and/or Responsible Officers of the Trustee in good faith determine that the withholding of such notice is in the interest of the Securityholders.
 

ART ICLE 8
 
CONCERNING THE SECURITYHOLDERS
 
SEC TION 8.1
EVIDENCE OF ACTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
Whenever in this Indenture it is provided that the holders of a majority or specified percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series may take any action (including the making of any demand or request, the giving of any notice, consent or waiver or the taking of any other action), the fact that at the time of taking any such action the holders of such majority or specified percentage of that series have joined therein may be evidenced by any instrument or any number of instruments of similar tenor executed by such holders of Securities of that series in person or by agent or proxy appointed in writing.
 
If the Company shall solicit from the Securityholders of any series any request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, the Company may, at its option, as evidenced by an Officers’ Certificate, fix in advance a record date for such series for the determination of Securityholders entitled to give such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, but the Company shall have no obligation to do so. If such a record date is fixed, such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action may be given before or after the record date, but only the Securityholders of record at the close of business on the record date shall be deemed to be Securityholders for the purposes of determining whether Securityholders of the requisite proportion of Outstanding Securities of that series have authorized or agreed or consented to such request, demand, authorization, direction, notice, consent, waiver or other action, and for that purpose the Outstanding Securities of that series shall be computed as of the record date; provided, however,

 
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that no such authorization, agreement or consent by such Securityholders on the record date shall be deemed effective unless it shall become effective pursuant to the provisions of this Indenture not later than six months after the record date.
 
 
SEC TION 8.2
PROOF OF EXECUTION BY SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
Subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, proof of the execution of any instrument by a Securityholder (such proof will not require notarization) or his agent or proxy and proof of the holding by any Person of any of the Securities shall be sufficient if made in the following manner:
 
(a)           The fact and date of the execution by any such Person of any instrument may be proved in any reasonable manner acceptable to the Trustee.
 
(b)           The ownership of Securities shall be proved by the Security Register of such Securities or by a certificate of the Security Registrar thereof.
 
The Trustee may require such additional proof of any matter referred to in this Section as it shall deem necessary.
 
SEC TION 8.3
WHO MAY BE DEEMED OWNERS.
 
Prior to the due presentment for registration of transfer of any Security, the Company, the Trustee, any paying agent and any Security Registrar may deem and treat the Person in whose name such Security shall be registered upon the books of the Company as the absolute owner of such Security (whether or not such Security shall be overdue and notwithstanding any notice of ownership or writing thereon made by anyone other than the Security Registrar) for the purpose of receiving payment of or on account of the principal of, premium, if any, and (subject to Section 2.3) interest on such Security and for all other purposes; and neither the Company nor the Trustee nor any paying agent nor any Security Registrar shall be affected by any notice to the contrary.
 
SEC TION 8.4
CERTAIN SECURITIES OWNED BY COMPANY DISREGARDED.
 
In determining whether the holders of the requisite aggregate principal amount of Securities of a particular series have concurred in any direction, consent or waiver under this Indenture, the Securities of that series that are owned by the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series or by any Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under common control with the Company or any other obligor on the Securities of that series shall be disregarded and deemed not to be Outstanding for the purpose of any such determination, except that for the purpose of determining whether the Trustee shall be protected in relying on any such direction, consent or waiver, only Securities of such series that the Trustee actually knows are so owned shall be so disregarded. The Securities so owned that have been pledged in good faith may be regarded as Outstanding for the purposes of this Section, if the pledgee shall establish to the satisfaction of the Trustee the pledgee’s right so to act with respect to such Securities and that the pledgee is not a Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or indirect common control with the Company or any such other

 
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obligor.  In case of a dispute as to such right, any decision by the Trustee taken upon the advice of counsel shall be full protection to the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 8.5
ACTIONS BINDING ON FUTURE SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
At any time prior to (but not after) the evidencing to the Trustee, as provided in Section 8.1, of the taking of any action by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action, any holder of a Security of that series that is shown by the evidence to be included in the Securities the holders of which have consented to such action may, by filing written notice with the Trustee, and upon proof of holding as provided in Section 8.2, revoke such action so far as concerns such Security. Except as aforesaid any such action taken by the holder of any Security shall be conclusive and binding upon such holder and upon all future holders and owners of such Security, and of any Security issued in exchange therefor, on registration of transfer thereof or in place thereof, irrespective of whether or not any notation in regard thereto is made upon such Security. Any action taken by the holders of the majority or percentage in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of a particular series specified in this Indenture in connection with such action shall be conclusively binding upon the Company, the Trustee and the holders of all the Securities of that series.
 
ART ICLE 9
 
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES

SEC TION 9.1
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITHOUT THE CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
In addition to any supplemental indenture otherwise authorized by this Indenture, the Company and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect), without the consent of the Securityholders, for one or more of the following purposes:
 
(a)           to cure any ambiguity, defect, or inconsistency herein or in the Securities of any series;
 
(b)           to comply with Article Ten;
 
(c)           to provide for uncertificated Securities in addition to or in place of certificated Securities;
 
(d)           to add to the covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions relating to the Company for the benefit of the holders of all or any series of Securities (and if such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are to be for the benefit of less than all series of Securities, stating that such covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions are expressly being included solely for the benefit of such series), to make the occurrence, or the occurrence and the
 

 
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continuance, of a default in any such additional covenants, restrictions, conditions or provisions an Event of Default, or to surrender any right or power herein conferred upon the Company;
 
(e)           to add to, delete from, or revise the conditions, limitations, and restrictions on the authorized amount, terms, or purposes of issue, authentication, and delivery of Securities, as herein set forth;
 
(f)           to make any change that does not adversely affect the rights of any Securityholder in any material respect;
 
(g)           to provide for the issuance of and establish the form and terms and conditions of the Securities of any series as provided in Section 2.1, to establish the form of any certifications required to be furnished pursuant to the terms of this Indenture or any series of Securities, or to add to the rights of the holders of any series of Securities;
 
(h)           to evidence and provide for the acceptance of appointment hereunder by a successor trustee; or
 
(i)           to comply with any requirements of the Securities and Exchange Commission or any successor in connection with the qualification of this Indenture under the Trust Indenture Act.
 
The Trustee is hereby authorized to join with the Company in the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and to make any further appropriate agreements and stipulations that may be therein contained, but the Trustee shall not be obligated to enter into any such supplemental indenture that affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise.
 
Any supplemental indenture authorized by the provisions of this Section may be executed by the Company and the Trustee without the consent of the holders of any of the Securities at the time Outstanding, notwithstanding any of the provisions of Section 9.2.
 
SEC TION 9.2
SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES WITH CONSENT OF SECURITYHOLDERS.
 
With the consent (evidenced as provided in Section 8.1) of the holders of not less than a majority in aggregate principal amount of the Securities of each series affected by such supplemental indenture or indentures at the time Outstanding, the Company, when authorized by a Board Resolution, and the Trustee may from time to time and at any time enter into an indenture or indentures supplemental hereto (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act as then in effect) for the purpose of adding any provisions to or changing in any manner or eliminating any of the provisions of this Indenture or of any supplemental indenture or of modifying in any manner not covered by Section 9.1 the rights of the holders of the Securities of such series under this Indenture; provided, however, that no such supplemental indenture shall, without the consent of the holders of each Security then Outstanding and affected thereby, (a) extend the fixed maturity of any Securities of any series, or reduce the principal amount thereof, or reduce the rate or extend the time of payment of interest thereon, or reduce any 
 

 
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premium payable upon the redemption thereof or (b) reduce the aforesaid percentage of Securities, the holders of which are required to consent to any such supplemental indenture.
 
It shall not be necessary for the consent of the Securityholders of any series affected thereby under this Section to approve the particular form of any proposed supplemental indenture, but it shall be sufficient if such consent shall approve the substance thereof.
 
SEC TION 9.3
EFFECT OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Upon the execution of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, this Indenture shall, with respect to such series, be and be deemed to be modified and amended in accordance therewith and the respective rights, limitations of rights, obligations, duties and immunities under this Indenture of the Trustee, the Company and the holders of Securities of the series affected thereby shall thereafter be determined, exercised and enforced hereunder subject in all respects to such modifications and amendments, and all the terms and conditions of any such supplemental indenture shall be and be deemed to be part of the terms and conditions of this Indenture for any and all purposes.
 
SEC TION 9.4
SECURITIES AFFECTED BY SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Securities of any series affected by a supplemental indenture, authenticated and delivered after the execution of such supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Article or of Section 10.1, may bear a notation in form approved by the Company, provided such form meets the requirements of any securities exchange upon which such series may be listed, as to any matter provided for in such supplemental indenture. If the Company shall so determine, new Securities of that series so modified as to conform, in the opinion of the Board of Directors, to any modification of this Indenture contained in any such supplemental indenture may be prepared by the Company, authenticated by the Trustee and delivered in exchange for the Securities of that series then Outstanding.
 
SEC TION 9.5
EXECUTION OF SUPPLEMENTAL INDENTURES.
 
Upon the request of the Company, accompanied by its Board Resolutions authorizing the execution of any such supplemental indenture, and upon the filing with the Trustee of evidence of the consent of Securityholders required to consent thereto as aforesaid, the Trustee shall join with the Company in the execution of such supplemental indenture unless such supplemental indenture affects the Trustee’s own rights, duties or immunities under this Indenture or otherwise, in which case the Trustee may in its discretion but shall not be obligated to enter into such supplemental indenture. The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any supplemental indenture executed pursuant to this Article is authorized or permitted by, and conforms to, the terms of this Article and that it is proper for the Trustee under the provisions of this Article to join in the execution thereof; provided, however, that such Officers’ Certificate or Opinion of Counsel need not be provided in connection with the execution of a supplemental indenture that establishes the terms of a series of Securities pursuant to Section 2.1 hereof.
 
Promptly after the execution by the Company and the Trustee of any supplemental indenture pursuant to the provisions of this Section, the Trustee shall transmit by mail, first class
 
 
 

 
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 postage prepaid, a notice, setting forth in general terms the substance of such supplemental indenture, to the Securityholders of all series affected thereby as their names and addresses appear upon the Security Register. Any failure of the Trustee to mail such notice, or any defect therein, shall not, however, in any way impair or affect the validity of any such supplemental indenture.
 
ART ICLE 10
 
SUCCESSOR ENTITY
 
SEC TION 10.1
COMPANY MAY CONSOLIDATE, ETC.
 
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, nothing contained in this Indenture shall prevent any consolidation or merger of the Company with or into any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company) or successive consolidations or mergers in which the Company or its successor or successors shall be a party or parties, or shall prevent any sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition of the property of the Company or its successor or successors as an entirety, or substantially as an entirety, to any other corporation (whether or not affiliated with the Company or its successor or successors) authorized to acquire and operate the same; provided, however, the Company hereby covenants and agrees that, upon any such consolidation or merger (in each case, if the Company is not the survivor of such transaction), sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, (a) the due and punctual payment of the principal of (premium, if any) and interest on all of the Securities of all series in accordance with the terms of each series, according to their tenor, and the due and punctual performance and observance of all the covenants and conditions of this Indenture with respect to each series or established with respect to such series pursuant to Section 2.1 to be kept or performed by the Company shall be expressly assumed, by supplemental indenture (which shall conform to the provisions of the Trust Indenture Act, as then in effect) reasonably satisfactory in form to the Trustee executed and delivered to the Trustee by the entity formed by such consolidation, or into which the Company shall have been merged, or by the entity which shall have acquired such property and (b) in the event that the Securities of any series then Outstanding are convertible into or exchangeable for shares of common stock or other securities of the Company, such entity shall, by such supplemental indenture, make provision so that the Securityholders of Securities of that series shall thereafter be entitled to receive upon conversion or exchange of such Securities the number of securities or property to which a holder of the number of shares of common stock or other securities of the Company deliverable upon conversion or exchange of those Securities would have been entitled had such conversion or exchange occurred immediately prior to such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition.
 
SEC TION 10.2
SUCCESSOR ENTITY SUBSTITUTED.
 
(a)           In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition and upon the assumption by the successor entity by supplemental indenture, executed and delivered to the Trustee and satisfactory in form to the Trustee, of the obligations set forth under Section 10.1 on all of the Securities of all series Outstanding, such successor entity shall

 
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succeed to and be substituted for the Company with the same effect as if it had been named as the Company herein, and thereupon the predecessor corporation shall be relieved of all obligations and covenants under this Indenture and the Securities.
 
(b)           In case of any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, such changes in phraseology and form (but not in substance) may be made in the Securities thereafter to be issued as may be appropriate.
 
(c)           Nothing contained in this Article shall require any action by the Company in the case of a consolidation or merger of any Person into the Company where the Company is the survivor of such transaction, or the acquisition by the Company, by purchase or otherwise, of all or any part of the property of any other Person (whether or not affiliated with the Company).
 
SEC TION 10.3
EVIDENCE OF CONSOLIDATION, ETC. TO TRUSTEE.
 
(a)           The Trustee, subject to the provisions of Section 7.1, may receive an Officers’ Certificate or an Opinion of Counsel as conclusive evidence that any such consolidation, merger, sale, conveyance, transfer or other disposition, and any such assumption, comply with the provisions of this Article.
 
ART ICLE 11
 
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE
 
SEC TION 11.1
SATISFACTION AND DISCHARGE OF INDENTURE.
 
If at any time: (a) the Company shall have delivered to the Trustee for cancellation all Securities of a series theretofore authenticated and not delivered to the Trustee for cancellation (other than any Securities that shall have been destroyed, lost or stolen and that shall have been replaced or paid as provided in Section 2.7 and Securities for whose payment money or Governmental Obligations have theretofore been deposited in trust or segregated and held in trust by the Company and thereupon repaid to the Company or discharged from such trust, as provided in Section 11.5); or (b) all such Securities of a particular series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation shall have become due and payable, or are by their terms to become due and payable within one year or are to be called for redemption within one year under arrangements satisfactory to the Trustee for the giving of notice of redemption, and the Company shall deposit or cause to be deposited with the Trustee as trust funds the entire amount in moneys or Governmental Obligations or a combination thereof, sufficient in the opinion of a nationally recognized firm of independent public accountants expressed in a written certification thereof  delivered to the Trustee, to pay at maturity or upon redemption all Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder with respect to such series by the Company then this Indenture shall thereupon cease to be of further effect with respect to such series except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3 and 7.10, that shall survive until the date of maturity or redemption date, as the case may be, and Sections 7.6 and 11.5, that shall survive to such date and thereafter, and the
 

 
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 Trustee, on demand of the Company and at the cost and expense of the Company shall execute proper instruments acknowledging satisfaction of and discharging this Indenture with respect to such series.
 
SEC TION 11.2
DISCHARGE OF OBLIGATIONS.
 
If at any time all such Securities of a particular series not heretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation or that have not become due and payable as described in Section 11.1 shall have been paid by the Company by depositing irrevocably with the Trustee as trust funds moneys or an amount of Governmental Obligations sufficient to pay at maturity or upon redemption all such Securities of that series not theretofore delivered to the Trustee for cancellation, including principal (and premium, if any) and interest due or to become due to such date of maturity or date fixed for redemption, as the case may be, and if the Company shall also pay or cause to be paid all other sums payable hereunder by the Company with respect to such series, then after the date such moneys or Governmental Obligations, as the case may be, are deposited with the Trustee the obligations of the Company under this Indenture with respect to such series shall cease to be of further effect except for the provisions of Sections 2.3, 2.5, 2.7, 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, 7.6, 7.10 and 11.5 hereof that shall survive until such Securities shall mature and be paid.
 
Thereafter, Sections 7.6 and 11.5 shall survive.
 
SEC TION 11.3
DEPOSITED MONEYS TO BE HELD IN TRUST.
 
All moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with the Trustee pursuant to Sections 11.1 or 11.2 shall be held in trust and shall be available for payment as due, either directly or through any paying agent (including the Company acting as its own paying agent), to the holders of the particular series of Securities for the payment or redemption of which such moneys or Governmental Obligations have been deposited with the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 11.4
PAYMENT OF MONEYS HELD BY PAYING AGENTS.
 
In connection with the satisfaction and discharge of this Indenture all moneys or Governmental Obligations then held by any paying agent under the provisions of this Indenture shall, upon demand of the Company, be paid to the Trustee and thereupon such paying agent shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations.
 
SEC TION 11.5
REPAYMENT TO COMPANY.
 
Any moneys or Governmental Obligations deposited with any paying agent or the Trustee, or then held by the Company, in trust for payment of principal of or premium, if any, or interest on the Securities of a particular series that are not applied but remain unclaimed by the holders of such Securities for at least two years after the date upon which the principal of (and premium, if any) or interest on such Securities shall have respectively become due and payable, or such other shorter period set forth in applicable escheat or abandoned or unclaimed property law, shall be repaid to the Company on May 31 of each year or upon the Company’s request or (if then held by the Company) shall be discharged from such trust; and thereupon the paying

 
 
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agent and the Trustee shall be released from all further liability with respect to such moneys or Governmental Obligations, and the holder of any of the Securities entitled to receive such payment shall thereafter, as a general creditor, look only to the Company for the payment thereof.

 
 
 

ART ICLE 12

IMMUNITY OF INCORPORATORS, STOCKHOLDERS,
 
OFFICERS AND DIRECTORS

SEC TION 12.1
NO RECOURSE.
 
No recourse under or upon any obligation, covenant or agreement of this Indenture, or of any Security, or for any claim based thereon or otherwise in respect thereof, shall be had against any incorporator, stockholder, officer or director, past, present or future as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, either directly or through the Company or any such predecessor or successor corporation, whether by virtue of any constitution, statute or rule of law, or by the enforcement of any assessment or penalty or otherwise; it being expressly understood that this Indenture and the obligations issued hereunder are solely corporate obligations, and that no such personal liability whatever shall attach to, or is or shall be incurred by, the incorporators, stockholders, officers or directors as such, of the Company or of any predecessor or successor corporation, or any of them, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom; and that any and all such personal liability of every name and nature, either at common law or in equity or by constitution or statute, of, and any and all such rights and claims against, every such incorporator, stockholder, officer or director as such, because of the creation of the indebtedness hereby authorized, or under or by reason of the obligations, covenants or agreements contained in this Indenture or in any of the Securities or implied therefrom, are hereby expressly waived and released as a condition of, and as a consideration for, the execution of this Indenture and the issuance of such Securities.
 
ART ICLE 13

MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS

SEC TION 13.1
EFFECT ON SUCCESSORS AND ASSIGNS.
 
All the covenants, stipulations, promises and agreements in this Indenture made by or on behalf of the Company shall bind its successors and assigns, whether so expressed or not.
 
SEC TION 13.2
ACTIONS BY SUCCESSOR.
 
Any act or proceeding by any provision of this Indenture authorized or required to be done or performed by any board, committee or officer of the Company shall and may be done

 
42

 

 
and performed with like force and effect by the corresponding board, committee or officer of any corporation that shall at the time be the lawful successor of the Company.
 
SEC TION 13.3
SURRENDER OF COMPANY POWERS.
 
The Company by instrument in writing executed by authority of its Board of Directors and delivered to the Trustee may surrender any of the powers reserved to the Company, and thereupon such power so surrendered shall terminate both as to the Company and as to any successor corporation.
 
SEC TION 13.4
NOTICES.
 
Except as otherwise expressly provided herein, any notice, request or demand that by any provision of this Indenture is required or permitted to be given, made or served by the Trustee or by the holders of Securities or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or on the Company may be given or served by being deposited in first class mail, postage prepaid, addressed (until another address is filed in writing by the Company with the Trustee), as follows: Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation, 27777 Franklin Road, Suite 200, Southfield, Michigan 48034, Attention: Chief Financial Officer. Any notice, election, request or demand by the Company or any Securityholder or by any other Person pursuant to this Indenture to or upon the Trustee shall be deemed to have been sufficiently given or made, for all purposes, if given or made in writing at the Corporate Trust Office of the Trustee.
 
SEC TION 13.5
GOVERNING LAW.
 
This Indenture and each Security shall be deemed to be a contract made under the internal laws of the State of New York, and for all purposes shall be construed in accordance with the laws of said State, except to the extent that the Trust Indenture Act is applicable.
 
SEC TION 13.6
TREATMENT OF SECURITIES AS DEBT.
 
It is intended that the Securities will be treated as indebtedness and not as equity for federal income tax purposes. The provisions of this Indenture shall be interpreted to further this intention.
 
SEC TION 13.7
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES AND OPINIONS.
 
(a)           Upon any application or demand by the Company to the Trustee to take any action under any of the provisions of this Indenture, the Company shall furnish to the Trustee an Officers’ Certificate stating that all conditions precedent provided for in this Indenture relating to the proposed action have been complied with and an Opinion of Counsel stating that in the
opinion of such counsel all such conditions precedent have been complied with, except that in the case of any such application or demand as to which the furnishing of such documents is specifically required by any provision of this Indenture relating to such particular application or demand, no additional certificate or opinion need be furnished.
 
(b)           Each certificate or opinion provided for in this Indenture and delivered to the Trustee with respect to compliance with a condition or covenant in this Indenture shall include
 

 
43

 

(i) a statement that the Person making such certificate or opinion has read such covenant or condition; (ii) a brief statement as to the nature and scope of the examination or investigation upon which the statements or opinions contained in such certificate or opinion are based; (iii) a statement that, in the opinion of such Person, he has made such examination or investigation as is reasonably necessary to enable him to express an informed opinion as to whether or not such covenant or condition has been complied with; and (iv) a statement as to whether or not, in the opinion of such Person, such condition or covenant has been complied with.
 
SEC TION 13.8
PAYMENTS ON BUSINESS DAYS.
 
Except as provided pursuant to Section 2.1 pursuant to a Board Resolution, and set forth in an Officers’ Certificate, or established in one or more indentures supplemental to this Indenture, in any case where the date of maturity of interest or principal of any Security or the date of redemption of any Security shall not be a Business Day, then payment of interest or principal (and premium, if any) may be made on the next succeeding Business Day with the same force and effect as if made on the nominal date of maturity or redemption, and no interest shall accrue for the period after such nominal date.
 
SEC TION 13.9
CONFLICT WITH TRUST INDENTURE ACT.
 
If and to the extent that any provision of this Indenture limits, qualifies or conflicts with the duties imposed by Sections 310 to 317, inclusive, of the Trust Indenture Act, such imposed duties shall control.
 
SEC TION 13.10
COUNTERPARTS.
 
This Indenture may be executed in any number of counterparts, each of which shall be an original, but such counterparts shall together constitute but one and the same instrument.
 
SEC TION 13.11
SEPARABILITY.
 
In case any one or more of the provisions contained in this Indenture or in the Securities of any series shall for any reason be held to be invalid, illegal or unenforceable in any respect, such invalidity, illegality or unenforceability shall not affect any other provisions of this Indenture or of such Securities, but this Indenture and such Securities shall be construed as if such invalid or illegal or unenforceable provision had never been contained herein or therein.
 
SEC TION 13.12
COMPLIANCE CERTIFICATES.
 
The Company shall deliver to the Trustee, within 120 days after the end of each fiscal year during which any Securities of any series were outstanding, an Officers’ Certificate stating whether or not the signers know of any Default or Event of Default that occurred during such fiscal year. Such certificate shall contain a certification from the principal executive officer, principal financial officer or principal accounting officer of the Company that a review has been conducted of the activities of the Company and the Company’s performance under this Indenture and that the Company has complied with all conditions and covenants under this Indenture. For purposes of this Section 13.12, such compliance shall be determined without regard to any period
 
44

 

of grace or requirement of notice provided under this Indenture. If any of the officers of the Company signing such certificate has knowledge of such a Default or Event of Default, the certificate shall describe any such Default or Event of Default and its status.
 
ART ICLE 14

SUBORDINATION OF SECURITIES

SEC TION 14.1
SUBORDINATION TERMS.
 
The payment by the Company of the principal of, premium, if any, and interest on any series of Securities issued hereunder shall be subordinated to the extent set forth in an indenture supplemental hereto relating to such Securities.
 
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties hereto have caused this Indenture to be duly executed all as of the day and year first above written.
 
  MONMOUTH REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT CORPORATION  
       
 
By:
   
    Name   
    Title   
   
 
     [_________________________]
     as Trustee
 
 
     
       
 
By:
   
    Name   
    Title   
       



 
45

 

Exhibit 5
 
    4801 Main Street, Suite 1000
Kansas City, MO  64112
       
       
 

 
September 1, 2009
 


Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation
Juniper Business Plaza
3499 Route 9 North, Suite 3-C
Freehold, New Jersey  07728

Re:            Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
We are legal counsel to Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), and have represented the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended, the “ Registration Statement ”) for the purpose of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $.01 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), preferred stock (the “ Preferred Stock ”) and debt securities (the “ Debt Securities ”) and together with the Common Stock and Preferred Stock, the “ Securities ”).  The Securities may be issued from time to time pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act.
 
In connection with the foregoing, we have examined such documents, corporate records and matters of law as we have deemed necessary or appropriate in connection with these opinions.
 
In our examination, we have assumed the legal capacity of all natural persons, the genuineness of all signatures, the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the conformity to original documents of all documents submitted to us as certified, conformed, photostatic or facsimile copies and the authenticity of the originals of such latter documents. In making our examination of executed documents, we have assumed that the parties thereto, other than the Company, its directors and officers, had the power, corporate or otherwise, to enter into and perform all obligations thereunder and have also assumed the due authorization by all requisite action, corporate or otherwise, and execution and delivery by such parties of such documents and the validity and binding effect thereof on such parties. As to any facts material to the opinions expressed herein that were not independently established or verified, we have relied upon oral or written statements and representations of officers and other representatives of the Company and others. With respect to the actions to be taken subsequent to the date hereof by the Board of Directors of the Company (the “Board”) or an authorized committee thereof, we have assumed that such actions will be taken at duly called meetings with a quorum of directors or
 

 
 
 

 
 
       
September 1, 2009
page 2
       
       
 
committee members, as the case may be, present and acting throughout, or by unanimous written consent of all directors or committee members, as the case may be. We have assumed that the form of certificate or other instrument or document to be issued after the date hereof representing the Securities to be issued under the Registration Statement will conform in all respects to the requirements applicable under the Maryland General Corporation Law (the “ MGCL ”) and that, when adopted, the rights and privileges of the Preferred Stock will be in compliance with the MGCL.  We have also assumed that none of the Securities will be issued in violation of the restrictions on ownership and transfer set forth in the articles of incorporation or bylaws of the Company or any comparable provisions in the articles supplementary creating any series of Preferred Stock.
 
 The opinions expressed above are limited to matters governed by Federal securities laws and by the MGCL.  Although we are not licensed in the State of Maryland we are generally familiar with the MGCL so that the opinions expressed above are limited to and based solely on a review of the MGCL excluding, however any case law construing the provisions of such statute or Maryland common law.   The Securities may be issued from time to time on a delayed or continuous basis, and this opinion is limited to the laws, including the rules and regulations, as in effect on the date hereof.
 
Based upon and subject to the foregoing and to the other qualifications and limitations set forth herein, we are of the opinion that:
 
1.           With respect to the shares of Common Stock, upon (i) the Board or an authorized committee thereof having duly authorized a designated number of shares of Common Stock for issuance at a minimum price or value of consideration to be set by the Board or an authorized committee thereof (such consideration to be not less than the par value per share), and (ii) such shares of Common Stock having been issued and delivered against payment of the consideration therefore as set by the Board or an authorized committee thereof, such shares of Common Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
2.           With respect to the shares of any series of Preferred Stock, upon (i) the Board or an authorized committee thereof having taken the corporate action necessary to fix and determine the designated number of shares of Preferred Stock and the terms of, and the amount, form and manner of payment of the consideration for, the Preferred Stock in accordance with the MGCL (such consideration to be not less than the par value per share), including the adoption of Articles Supplementary for such Preferred Stock in the form required by the MGCL; (ii) such Articles Supplementary having been duly filed with the Maryland State Department of Assessments and Taxation; and (iii) certificates conforming to the terms of the Preferred Stock having been issued and delivered against payment of the consideration therefore as set by the Board or an authorized committee thereof, such shares of Preferred Stock will be validly issued, fully paid and non-assessable.
 
3.           With respect to the Debt Securities, upon (i) the Board or an authorized committee thereof having taken the corporate action necessary to determine the rights and other terms of the Debt Securities and duly authorizing the issuance and delivery of the Debt Securities (the “ Debt Securities Authorization ”), (ii) establishment by the relevant debt agreement (the
 
 
 

 
 
 
       
September 1, 2009
page 3
       
       
 
Debt Agreement ”) if applicable, (iii) such Debt Securities Authorization having been duly authenticated by the trustee, and (iv) such Debt Securities having been duly executed and delivered on behalf of the Company against payment therefore in accordance with the terms of the Debt Securities Authorization, any applicable underwriting agreement, an indenture and any applicable supplemental indenture, and as contemplated by the Registration Statement, the prospectus and the related prospectus supplement(s), such Debt Securities will constitute binding obligations of the Company enforceable in accordance with their terms, except as may be limited by the Exceptions (as defined below). 
 
To the extent that the obligations of the Company under the indentures may be dependent upon such matters, we assume for purposes of the opinion set forth in paragraph 3 above that the trustee is duly organized, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization; that the trustee is duly qualified to engage in the activities contemplated by the indenture; that the indenture has been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the trustee and constitutes the legally valid and binding obligation of the trustee enforceable against the trustee in accordance with its terms; that the trustee is in compliance, with respect to acting as a trustee under the indenture, with all applicable laws and regulations; and that the trustee has the requisite organizational and legal power and authority to perform its obligations under the indenture.  We further assume that the status of the Debt Securities as binding obligations of the Company will not be affected by any (i) breaches of, or defaults under, agreements or instruments, (ii) violations of statutes, rules, regulations or court or governmental orders, or (iii) failures to obtain required consents, approvals or authorizations from, or make required registrations, declarations or filings with, governmental authorities.
 
The opinions expressed in paragraph 3 above shall be understood to mean only that if there is a default in performance of an obligation, (i) failure to pay or other damage can be shown and (ii) if the defaulting party can be brought into a court which will hear the case and apply the governing law, then, subject to the availability of defenses and to the exceptions set forth in the opinion, the court will provide a money damage (or perhaps injunctive or specific performance) remedy.
 
The opinions expressed above are further subject to the following limitations, qualifications and exceptions (the “ Exceptions ”):
 
 
(a)
the effect of bankruptcy, insolvency, reorganization, preference, fraudulent transfer, moratorium or other similar laws relating to or affecting the rights or remedies of creditors;
 
 
(b)
the effects of general principles of equity, whether enforcement is considered in a proceeding in equity or at law (including the possible unavailability of specific performance or injunctive relied), concepts of materiality, reasonableness, good faith
 
 
 

 
 
 
       
September 1, 2009
page 4
       
       
 
 
and fair dealing, and the discretion of the court before which any proceeding therefore may be brought; and
 
 
(c)
the invalidity under certain circumstances under law or court decisions of provisions for the indemnification of or contribution to a party with respect to a liability where such indemnification or contribution is contrary to public policy.
 
We express no opinion with respect to (i) whether acceleration of the Debt Securities may affect the collectibility of that portion of the stated principal amount thereof that might be determined to constitute unearned interest thereon, (ii) compliance with laws relating to permissible rates of interest, (iii) the creation, validity, perfection or priority of any security interest, mortgage, or lien, or (iv) any provision to the extent it requires any party to indemnify any other person against loss in obtaining the currency due following a court judgment in another currency.
 
We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion with the Commission as an exhibit to the Registration Statement. We also hereby consent to the use of our name under the heading “Legal Matters” in the prospectus which forms a part of the Registration Statement. In giving this consent, we do not thereby admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the Commission promulgated thereunder. This opinion is expressed as of the date hereof and we disclaim any undertaking to advise you of any subsequent changes in the facts stated or assumed herein or of any subsequent changes in applicable laws.
 
    Very truly yours,
   
   /s/ Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP
 
 
 
 

 
Exhibit 8
 
    4801 Main Street, Suite 1000
Kansas City, MO  64112
       
       
 


September 1, 2009


Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation
Juniper Business Plaza
3499 Route 9 North, Suite 3-C
Freehold, New Jersey  07728

Re:            Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation

Dear Ladies and Gentlemen:
 
       We are legal counsel to Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation, a Maryland corporation (the “ Company ”), and have represented the Company in connection with the preparation and filing of its Registration Statement on Form S-3 (as amended, the “ Registration Statement ”) filed today for the purposes of registering under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the “ Securities Act ”), shares of the Company's common stock, par value $0.01 per share (the “ Common Stock ”), preferred stock (the “ Preferred Stock ”), and debt securities (the “ Debt Securities ”) to be offered from time to time in amounts, at prices and on terms to be determined at the time or times of offering. The Debt Securities together with the Common Stock and Preferred Stock are hereinafter collectively referred to as the “ Securities. ” You have requested our opinion on certain federal income tax matters in connection with the registration of the Securities pursuant to the Registration Statement. For the purposes of this Opinion Letter, the term “ Subsidiary ” means any corporation, limited partnership or limited liability company for which the Company owns fifty percent (50%) or more of the outstanding equity interests.
 
You have requested our opinion as to certain federal income tax matters regarding the Company. Although you (and each of your employees, representatives, or other agents) may disclose to any and all persons, without limitation of any kind, the federal tax treatment and federal tax structure of the Company and all materials of any kind that were provided to you by us relating to such tax treatment and tax structure, this opinion is intended solely for the benefit of the Company. You may not authorize any other person or entity to rely on this opinion, or otherwise make this opinion available for the benefit of any other person or entity, without our prior written consent. 
 
         In rendering this opinion, we have reviewed (i) the Registration Statement; (ii) the Company's Certificate of Incorporation as filed with the Secretary of State of Maryland; (iii) the Company's Bylaws, as amended; (iv) the Company’s Certificate of Good Standing; and (v) the organizational documents of each Subsidiary, as amended.
 

 
 
 

 
 
                                                                 
                                                                                                                                                      
 
 
September 1, 2009
Page 2
 
                                                                                           
For purposes of this Opinion, we have assumed that the Company was properly qualified as a “real estate investment trust” under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “ Code ”) for the taxable years ending September 30, 1968 through 2004. Furthermore, with respect to matters of fact, in rendering this opinion we have relied upon the representations of fact set forth in a certificate of an officer of the Company (the “ Officer's Certificate ”). Although we have not independently verified the truth, accuracy or completeness of the factual representations contained in the Officer's Certificate and the underlying assumptions upon which they are based, to our knowledge no such factual matter stated therein is materially false or misleading. When an opinion is stated to be “to our knowledge”, or other words of similar import appear, the language means only that we have no actual knowledge to the contrary and does not indicate or imply any investigation or inquiry, of the Company or others, on our part. For this purpose, “we” means only those attorneys within our firm who have done substantive work on this opinion who are Raymond S. Kreienkamp and Stefanie A. Ravenhill.
 
Based upon the foregoing, and the discussions in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement under the caption “Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” (which are incorporated herein by reference) we are of the opinion that:  (1) based on the Officer's Certificate, for its taxable years ended September 30, 2005 through September 30, 2008, the Company has continuously been organized and has operated in conformity with the requirements for qualification as a “real estate investment trust” under the Code; (2) based on the Officer's Certificate, the Company's current and proposed organization and method of operation will permit it to continue to meet the requirements for taxation as a “real estate investment trust” under the Code for its September 30, 2009 taxable year and thereafter; and (3) the federal income tax discussion described in the Registration Statement under the caption “Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” is correct in all material respects and fairly summarizes in all material respects the federal income tax laws referred to therein.
 
We note, however, that the ability of the Company to qualify as a real estate investment trust for any year will depend upon future events, some of which are not within the Company's control, and it is not possible to predict whether the facts set forth in the Registration Statement, the Officer's Certificate and this letter will continue to be accurate in the future. To the extent that actual facts and circumstances differ from those represented to us or assumed by us herein, our opinion should not be relied upon. In addition, our opinions are based on the Code, the Treasury regulations thereunder (the “ Regulations ”), published rulings of the Internal Revenue Service (the “ Service ”), cases or other relevant authority, and the status of the Company as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes may be affected by changes in the Code, the Regulations and other relevant authority, any of which can change at any time, perhaps with retroactive effect.
 
         In addition, some of the issues under existing law that could significantly affect our opinion have not yet been authoritatively addressed by the Service or the courts, and our opinion is not binding on the Service or the courts. Hence, there can be no assurance that the Service will not challenge, or that the courts will agree, with our conclusions.
 
 
 
 

 
 
          
 
   
 
 
September 1, 2009
Page 3 
 
                                                                                  
We undertake no obligation to update this opinion, or to ascertain after the date hereof whether circumstances occurring after such date may affect the conclusions set forth herein. We express no opinion as to matters governed by any laws other than the Code, the Regulations, published administrative announcements and rulings of the Service, and court decisions.
 
We consent to the filing of this opinion as an exhibit to the Registration Statement and to the reference to our firm under the captions “Material United States Federal Income Tax Consequences” and “Legal Matters” in the Prospectus included in the Registration Statement.  By giving this consent, we do not admit that we are within the category of persons whose consent is required under Section 7 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder, nor do we thereby admit that we are experts with respect to any part of the Registration Statement within the meaning of the term “experts” as used in the Securities Act or the rules and regulations of the SEC promulgated thereunder.
 
 
 
 
    Very truly yours,
   
   /s/ Husch Blackwell Sanders LLP
 

Exhibit 12
 
 
 
Monmouth Real Estate Investment Corporation
Computation of Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges and Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
 
   
Nine Months
                               
   
Ended
               
Year Ended September 30,
             
   
6/30/2009
   
2008
   
2007
   
2006
   
2005
   
2004
 
                                     
Net Income (Loss) from continuing operations
    (290,487 )     3,733,383       5,712,586       5,090,270       7,788,027       6,315,972  
Fixed Charges:
                                               
Interest expense
    10,460,349       13,138,767       8,969,087       8,298,077       8,001,956       6,979,007  
Amortization – deferred debt costs
    242,284       425,399       304,352       236,574       275,958       280,205  
Total Fixed Charges
    10,702,633       13,564,166       9,273,439       8,534,651       8,277,914       7,259,212  
                                                 
Earnings
    10,412,146       17,297,549       14,986,025       13,624,921       16,065,941       13,575,184  
                                                 
Fixed Charges
    10,702,633       13,564,166       9,273,439       8,534,651       8,277,914       7,259,212  
Preferred Stock Dividends
    1,890,911       2,521,344       1,869,753       -       -       -  
Combined  Fixed Charges &
                                               
Preferred Stock Dividends
    12,593,544       16,085,510       11,143,192       8,534,651       8,277,914       7,259,212  
                                                 
Ratio of Earnings to Fixed Charges
 
    0.97       1.28       1.62       1.60       1.94       1.87  
Ratio of Earnings to Combined Fixed Charges and Preferred Stock Dividends
    0.83       1.08       1.34       1.60       1.94       1.87  

 


Note:  No income taxes were paid other than franchise taxes in the various states.




Exhibit 23.1
 
 
Exhibit 23.2