As filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 17, 2008
No. 333-______
No. 811-______
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM N-1A
REGISTRATION STATEMENT | ||
UNDER THE SECURITIES ACT OF 1933 | x | |
Pre-Effective Amendment No. | o | |
Post-Effective Amendment No. | o | |
and/or | ||
REGISTRATION STATEMENT UNDER THE INVESTMENT COMPANY | ||
ACT OF 1940 | x | |
Amendment No. | o | |
(Check appropriate box or boxes) |
Global X Funds
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Charter)
220 Fifth Avenue, 20
th
Floor
New York, NY 10001
(Address of Principal Executive Office)
Registrant’s Telephone Number, including Area Code: (212) 676-5525
Bruno del Ama | With a copy to: |
Global X Management Company LLC | Jane A. Kanter |
220 Fifth Avenue, 20 th Floor | Partner |
New York, NY 10001 | Dechert LLP |
(Name and Address of Agent for Service) | 1775 I St., NW |
Washington, D.C. 20006 |
Approximate date of proposed public offering: As soon as practicable after this registration statement becomes effective.
The registrant hereby amends this registration statement on such date or dates as may be necessary to delay its effective date until the registrant shall file a further amendment which specifically states that the registration statement shall thereafter become effective in accordance with section 8(a) of the Securities Act of 1933 or until the registration statement shall become effective on such date as the Securities and Exchange Commission, acting pursuant to said section 8(a), may determine.
The information in this Prospectus is not complete and may be changed. The Trust may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Prospectus is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion
Preliminary Prospectus dated June 17, 2008
Global X Funds
Prospectus
[________] [__], 2008
Global X Funds (“Trust”) is a registered investment company that currently consists of two exchanged-traded funds. This Prospectus relates to the following funds (“each a “Fund” and collectively the “Funds”):
[___________________] Index Fund
[___________________] Index Fund
Each Fund will apply to list its shares (“Shares”) on a national securities exchange (each a “Listing Exchange”), such as the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), the NYSE Arca, the American Stock Exchange (“AMEX”) or National Association (“NASDAQ”). The market prices for Shares may be different from each Fund’s most recent net asset value (“NAV”) per share. The Funds will issue and redeem Shares only in large blocks consisting of [ ] Shares (“Creation Units”). Each Fund has its own CUSIP number and exchange trading symbol. Creation Units are issued and redeemed principally in-kind for securities included in a specified universe. As a practicable matter, only institutions or large investors known as Authorized Participants may purchase or redeem Creation Units.
Except when aggregated in Creation Units, Shares are not redeemable securities of the Funds.
The Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) has not approved or disapproved these securities or passed upon the adequacy of this Prospectus. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION | 1 | |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES OF THE FUNDS | 2 | |
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUNDS | 2 | |
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUNDS | 4 | |
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION | 10 | |
DESCRIPTION OF THE FUNDS | 10 | |
FEES AND EXPENSES | 12 | |
BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES | 13 | |
FUND MANAGEMENT | 16 | |
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS | 17 | |
SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION | 17 | |
FREQUENT TRADING | 18 | |
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN | 18 | |
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | 18 | |
DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES | 20 | |
TAXES | 20 | |
FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 24 | |
OTHER INFORMATION | 24 | |
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS | 25 | |
FOR MORE INFORMATION | 26 |
INTRODUCTION
This Prospectus contains important information about investing in the Funds. Please read this Prospectus carefully before you make any investment decision. An investment in the Funds is not a bank deposit and it is not guaranteed by the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation or any governmental agency.
Each Fund is a non-diversified series of the Trust. The Trust is an open-end management investment company, registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”). The investment adviser to the Funds is Global X Management Company LLC (“Adviser”). The Adviser provides the day-to-day portfolio management of each Fund. Information regarding the Adviser is included under the section entitled “Fund Management” in this Prospectus.
Note To Retail Investors
Shares of each Fund can be purchased directly from a Fund only in exchange for a basket of securities that is expected to be worth hundreds of thousands of dollars. It is expected that only large institutional investors will purchase and redeem Shares directly from a Fund in the form of Creation Units (defined below). In turn, it is expected that institutional investors who purchase Creation Units will break up their Creation Units and offer and sell individual Shares on the Exchange. Most individual investors, therefore, will not be able to purchase Shares directly from a Fund. Instead, these investors will purchase Shares on the secondary market with the assistance of a broker. Thus, some of the information contained in this Prospectus (such as information about purchasing and redeeming Shares from a Fund and references to transaction fees imposed on purchases and redemptions) is not relevant to most individual investors.
How Are The Funds Different From Conventional Mutual Funds?
Conventional mutual fund shares are bought from and redeemed with the issuing fund for cash at NAV typically calculated once a day. Shares of an ETF, by contrast, cannot be purchased from or redeemed with the issuing ETF except by or through Authorized Participants (defined below), and then typically only for an in-kind basket of securities.
An organized trading market is expected to exist for Shares, unlike conventional mutual fund shares, because Shares are listed for trading on a Listing Exchange. Investors can purchase and sell Shares on the secondary market through a broker. Secondary-market transactions occur not at NAV, but at market prices that change throughout the day, based on the supply of, and demand for, Shares and on changes in the prices of the Funds’ portfolio holdings. The market price of Shares will differ somewhat from the NAV of the Funds. The difference between market price of Shares and the NAV of each Fund is expected to be small most of the time, but in times of extreme market volatility, the difference may become significant.
Tax Advantaged Product Structure
Unlike interests in conventional mutual funds, Shares are traded throughout the day on a national securities exchange, whereas shares of mutual funds are typically only bought and sold at closing
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NAVs. Shares have been designed to be tradable in the secondary market on a national securities exchange on an intra-day basis, and to be created and redeemed, principally in-kind, in Creation Units at each day’s next calculated NAV. These arrangements are designed to protect Fund shareholders from any adverse effects on a Fund’s portfolio that could arise from frequent cash creation and redemption transactions. Generally, conventional mutual funds may need to sell portfolio securities to obtain cash to meet redemptions. When this occurs, redemptions can have an adverse tax impact on taxable shareholders. These sales may generate taxable gains for the shareholders of the mutual fund, whereas the Funds’ in-kind redemption mechanism is designed to minimize taxable gains resulting from redemptions.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVES OF THE FUNDS
Each Fund seeks investment results that correspond generally to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of an underlying index (“Underlying Index”). Each Fund’s investment objective and Underlying Index may be changed without shareholder approval. Shareholders will be given 60 days’ prior notice of any such change.
Each Fund reserves the right to substitute a different index for the Underlying Index if the Underlying Index is discontinued, if the Index Creator’s (as defined below) arrangements with the Adviser relating to the use of the Underlying Indexes is terminated, or for any other reason determined by the Board of Trustees of the Trust (the “Board”) in good faith. If the Index Creator’s arrangements with the Adviser relating to the use of the Underlying Indexes are terminated, the Trust will take whatever action is deemed to be in the best interests of the each Fund’s shareholders and shareholders will be provided with advance written notice of such action.
PRINCIPAL INVESTMENT STRATEGIES OF THE FUNDS
The principal investment strategies common to each of the Funds are described below. Additional information concerning each Fund’s principal investment strategies is provided in Description of the Funds section of this Prospectus.
Each of the Underlying Indexes seeks to measure and monitor the performance of publicly-listed companies in foreign markets. Each Fund focuses on a different foreign market such as [__________ ] and [__________], respectively. (“[__________]”), an affiliate of the Adviser, is the creator of each Underlying Index (“Index Creator’). The Index Creator has established specific, defined characterization/inclusion/exclusion criteria (the “Index Methodology”) that an issuer must meet in order to be included in an Underlying Index. Each Underlying Index is administered by [_____________] (“Index Administrator”), which employs the Index Methodology to determine the composition of each Underlying Index. The Adviser will be responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, which involves principally reconfiguring the portfolio of each Fund, typically quarterly, to reflect any reconfiguration in the Underlying Index by the Index Administrator.
For each Underlying Index, the Index Administrator employs the Index Methodology to identify the companies that satisfy the specified criteria. The Index Methodology is publicly available on the Funds’ website at www.____________.com. Any change to the Index Methodology will be
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posted on the Funds’ website at least 60 days prior to its being implemented. As indicated for each Fund under Description of the Funds , the Index Administrator will screen companies to eliminate those with market capitalizations below or above certain limits. Information about each Underlying Index, including the companies and securities in each Underlying Index and value of such companies and securities in each Underlying Index are posted throughout the trading day every 15 seconds and are available through Reuters under the following symbols:
Symbol
|
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[___________________] Index Fund | [ | ] | |
[___________________] Index Fund | [ | ] |
The Principal Risks of the Funds section discusses the principal risks applicable to the Funds, while the Description of the Funds section provides important information about each Fund, including a brief description of each Fund’s Underlying Index and principal risks specific to that Fund.
The Adviser uses a representative sampling indexing strategy or a replication strategy to manage the Funds.
Representative Sampling
“Representative sampling” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in a representative sample of securities in the relevant Underlying Index, which has a similar investment profile as the relevant Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the relevant Underlying Index. Funds that use representative sampling may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the relevant Underlying Index.
Replication Strategy
“Replication strategy” is an indexing strategy that involves investing in the securities of the Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions as in the Underlying Index.
Correlation
Correlation is the extent to which the values of different types of investments move in tandem with one another in response to changing economic and market conditions. An index is a theoretical financial calculation, while a Fund is an actual investment portfolio. The performance of a Fund and its Underlying Index may vary somewhat due to transaction costs, asset valuations, foreign currency valuations, market impact, corporate actions (such as mergers and spin-offs), legal restrictions (such as diversification requirements that apply to the Funds but not to the Underlying Index) and timing variances.
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The Adviser expects that, over time, the correlation between each Fund’s performance and that of its Underlying Index, before fees and expenses, will exceed 95%. A correlation percentage of 100% would indicate perfect correlation. A Fund using a replication strategy can be expected to have greater correlation to its Underlying Index than a Fund using a representative sampling.
Industry Concentration Policy
Each Fund will not concentrate its investments (i.e., hold 25% or more of its total assets in the stocks of a particular industry or group of industries), except that, to the extent practicable, a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the stocks of such particular industry or group of industries.
Securities Lending
The Funds may lend their portfolio securities. In connection with such loans, the Funds receive liquid collateral equal to at least 105% of the value of the portfolio securities being lent. This collateral is marked-to-market on a daily basis.
PRINCIPAL RISKS OF THE FUNDS
Each Fund is subject to the principal risks described below. Additional principal risks associated with a Fund are discussed in the Description of the Funds section. Some or all of these risks may adversely affect a Fund’s NAV, trading price, yield, total return and/or its ability to meet its objectives.
Asset Class Risk
The returns from the types of securities in which a Fund invests may under-perform returns from the various general securities markets or different asset classes. The stocks in the Underlying Indexes may under-perform fixed-income investments and stock market investments that track other markets, segments and sectors. Different types of securities tend to go through cycles of out-performance and under-performance in comparison to the general securities markets.
Concentration Risk
If the Underlying Index of a Fund concentrates in a particular market, industry, group of industries or sector or asset class, that Fund may be adversely affected by the performance of those securities and may be subject to price volatility. In addition, a Fund that concentrates in a single market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class may be more susceptible to any single economic, market, political or regulatory occurrence affecting that market, industry, group of industries, sector or asset class. Each Fund invests substantially all of its assets in the equity markets of a single country outside the U.S.
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Counterparty Risk
Counterparty Risk is the risk that a counterparty to a swap contract or other similar investment instrument may default on its payment obligation to a Fund. Such a default may cause the value of an investment in a Fund to decrease.
Currency Risk
Currency risk is the potential for price fluctuations in the dollar value of foreign securities because of changing currency exchange rates. Because each Fund’s NAV is determined on the basis of U.S. dollars, you may lose money if the local currency of a foreign market depreciates against the U.S. dollar, even if the local currency value of the Fund’s holdings goes up.
Custody Risk
Custody risk refers to risks in the process of clearing and settling trades and to the holding of securities by local banks, agents and depositories. Low trading volumes and volatile prices in less developed markets make trades harder to complete and settle. Local agents are held only to the standard of care of the local markets. Governments or trade groups may compel local agents to hold securities in designated depositories that are subject to independent evaluation. The less developed a country’s securities market is, the greater the likelihood of custody problems occurring.
Derivatives Risk
Derivatives risk is the risk that loss may result from a Fund’s investments in options, futures and swap contracts, which may be leveraged and are types of derivatives. Investments in leveraged instruments may result in losses exceeding the amounts invested. The Funds may use these instruments to help the Funds track their respective Underlying Indexes. Compared to conventional securities, derivatives can be more sensitive to changes in interest rates or to sudden fluctuations in market prices and thus a Fund’s losses may be greater if it invests in derivates than if it invests only in conventional securities.
Emerging Market Risk
Emerging market risk applies only to each Fund. Emerging market risk is the risk that the securities markets of emerging countries are less liquid, are especially subject to greater price volatility, have smaller market capitalizations, have less government regulation and are not subject to as extensive and frequent accounting, financial and other reporting requirements as the securities markets or more developed countries, as has historically been the case.
The risks of foreign investment are heightened when the issuer is located in an emerging country. Emerging counties are generally located in the Asia and Pacific regions, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Latin, Central and South America and Africa. A Fund’s purchase and sale of portfolio securities in certain emerging countries may be constrained by limitations relating to daily changes in the prices of listed securities, periodic trading or settlement volume and/or limitations on aggregate holdings of foreign investors. Such limitations may be computed based on the aggregate trading volume by or holdings of a Fund, the Adviser, its affiliates and their respective
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clients and other service providers. A Fund may not be able to sell securities in circumstances where price, trading or settlement volume limitations have been reached.
Foreign investment in the securities markets of certain emerging countries is restricted or controlled to varying degrees which may limit investment in such countries or increase the administrative costs of such investments. For example, certain Asian countries require governmental approval prior to investments by foreign persons or limit investment by foreign persons to only a specified percentage of an issuer’s outstanding securities or a specific class of securities which may have less advantageous terms (including price) than securities of the issuer available for purchase by nationals. In addition, certain countries may restrict or prohibit investment opportunities in issuers or industries deemed important to national interests. Such restrictions may affect the market price, liquidity and rights of securities that may be purchased by a Fund. The repatriation of both investment income and capital from certain emerging countries is subject to restrictions such as the need for governmental consents. In situations where a country restricts direct investment in securities (which may occur in certain Asian and other countries), a Fund may invest in such countries through other investment funds in such countries.
Many emerging countries have recently experienced currency devaluations and substantial (and, in some cases, extremely high) rates of inflation. Other emerging countries have experienced economic recessions. These circumstances have had a negative effect on the economies and securities markets of those emerging countries. Economies in emerging countries generally are dependent heavily upon commodity prices and international trade and, accordingly, have been and may continue to be affected adversely by the economies of their trading partners, trade barriers, exchange controls, managed adjustments in relative currency values and other protectionist measures imposed or negotiated by the countries with which they trade.
Many emerging countries are subject to a substantial degree of economic, political and social instability. Governments of some emerging countries are authoritarian in nature or have been installed or removed as a result of military coups, while governments in other emerging countries have periodically used force to suppress civil dissent. Disparities of wealth, the pace and success of democratization, and ethnic, religious and racial disaffection, among other factors, have also led to social unrest, violence and/or labor unrest in some emerging countries. Unanticipated political or social developments may result in sudden and significant investment losses. Investing in emerging countries involves greater risk of loss due to expropriation, nationalization, confiscation of assets and property or the imposition of restrictions on foreign investments and on repatriation of capital invested. As an example, in the past some Eastern European governments have expropriated substantial amounts of private property, and many claims of the property owners have never been fully settled. There is no assurance that similar expropriations will not recur in Eastern European or other countries.
A Fund’s investment in emerging countries may also be subject to withholding or other taxes, which may be significant and may reduce the return from an investment in such countries to the Fund.
Settlement and clearance procedures in emerging countries are frequently less developed and reliable than those in the United States and may involve a Fund’s delivery of securities before
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receipt of payment for their sale. In addition, significant delays may occur in certain markets in registering the transfer of securities. Settlement, clearance or registration problems may make it more difficult for a Fund to value its portfolio securities and could cause the Fund to miss attractive investment opportunities, to have a portion of its assets uninvested or to incur losses due to the failure of a counterparty to pay for securities the Fund has delivered or the Fund’s inability to complete its contractual obligations because of theft or other reasons. In addition, local agents and depositories are subject to local standards of care that may not be as rigorous as developed countries. Governments and other groups may also require local agents to hold securities in depositories that are not subject to independent verification. The less developed a country’s securities market, the greater the risk to a Fund.
The creditworthiness of the local securities firms used by a Fund in emerging countries may not be as sound as the creditworthiness of firms used in more developed countries. As a result, the Fund may be subject to a greater risk of loss if a securities firm defaults in the performance of its responsibilities.
The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain emerging countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in those countries may make a Fund’s investments in such countries less liquid and more volatile than investments in countries with more developed securities markets (such as the United States, Japan and most Western European countries). A Fund’s investments in emerging countries are subject to the risk that the liquidity of a particular investment, or investments generally, in such countries will shrink or disappear suddenly and without warning as a result of adverse economic, market or political conditions or adverse investor perceptions, whether or not accurate. Because of the lack of sufficient market liquidity, a Fund may incur losses because it will be required to effect sales at a disadvantageous time and then only at a substantial drop in price. Investments in emerging countries may be more difficult to price precisely because of the characteristics discussed above and lower trading volumes.
A Fund’s use of foreign currency management techniques in emerging countries may be limited. Due to the limited market for these instruments in emerging countries, all or a significant portion of the Funds’ currency exposure in emerging countries may not be covered by such instruments.
Foreign Security Risk
Each Fund invests substantially all of its assets within the equity markets of a single country outside of the U.S. These markets are subject to special risks associated with foreign investment including, but not limited to: generally less liquid and less efficient securities markets; generally greater price volatility; exchange rate fluctuations and exchange controls; imposition of restrictions on the expatriation of funds or other assets; less publicly available information about issuers; the imposition of taxes; higher transaction and custody costs; settlement delays and risk of loss; difficulties in enforcing contracts; less liquidity and smaller market capitalizations; lesser regulation of securities markets; different accounting and disclosure standards; governmental interference; higher inflation; social, economic and political uncertainties; the risk of expropriation of assets; and the risk of war and/or terrorism. Shareholder rights under the laws of some foreign countries may not be as favorable as U.S. laws. Thus, a shareholder may have more difficulty in asserting its rights or enforcing a judgment against a foreign company than a shareholder of a comparable U.S. company. Investment of more than 25% of a Fund’s total
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assets in securities located in one country or region will subject the Fund to increased country or region risk with respect to that country or region.
Geographic Risk
Geographic risk is the risk that a Fund’s assets may be concentrated in countries located in the same geographic region. This concentration will subject a Fund to risks associated with that particular region, such as general and local economic, political and social conditions.
Issuer Risk
Issuer risk is the risk that any of the individual companies that a Fund invests in may perform badly, causing the value of its securities to decline. Poor performance may be caused by poor management decisions, competitive pressures, changes in technology, disruptions in supply, labor problems or shortages, corporate restructurings, fraudulent disclosures or other factors. Issuers may, in times of distress or on their own discretion, decide to reduce or eliminate dividends which would also cause their stock prices to decline.
Management Risk
Each Fund does not fully replicate its Underlying Index and may hold securities not included in its Underlying Index. Therefore, each Fund is subject to management risk. That is, the Adviser’s investment strategy, the implementation of which is subject to a number of constraints, may not produce the intended results.
The Funds are not actively managed. Each Fund may be affected by a general decline in the market segments relating to its Underlying Index. Each Fund invests in securities included in, or representative of, its Underlying Index regardless of their investment merit. The Adviser does not attempt to take defensive positions in declining markets.
Market Risk
Market risk is the risk that the value of the securities in which a Fund invests may go up or down in response to the prospects of individual issuers and/or general economic conditions. Price changes may be temporary or last for extended periods. You could lose money over short periods due to fluctuation in a Fund’s NAV in response to market movements, and over longer periods during market downturns.
Market Trading Risks
Absence of Prior Active Market
Although the shares of the Funds described in this Prospectus are or will be listed for trading on Listing Exchanges and may be listed on certain foreign exchanges, there can be no assurance that an active trading market for such shares will develop or be maintained.
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Lack of Market Liquidity
Secondary market trading in Shares may be halted by a Listing Exchange because of market conditions or for other reasons. In addition, trading in Fund shares is subject to trading halts caused by extraordinary market volatility pursuant to “circuit breaker” rules. There can be no assurance that the requirements necessary to maintain the listing of the shares of any Fund will continue to be met or will remain unchanged.
Shares of the Funds May Trade at Prices Other Than NAV
Shares of the Funds may trade at, above or below their NAV. The per share NAV of each Fund will fluctuate with changes in the market value of such Fund’s holdings. The trading prices of a Fund’s shares will fluctuate in accordance with changes in its NAV as well as market supply and demand. However, given that shares can be created and redeemed only in Creation Units at NAV (unlike shares of many closed-end funds, which frequently trade at appreciable discounts from, and sometimes at premiums to, their NAVs), the Adviser believes that large discounts or premiums to the NAV of a Fund’s shares should not be sustained. While the creation/redemption feature is designed to make it likely that a Shares normally will trade close to the Fund’s NAV, disruptions to creations and redemptions may result in trading prices that differ significantly from NAV.
Since foreign exchanges may be open on days when the Funds do not price their shares, the value of the securities in a Fund’s portfolio may change on days when shareholders will not be able to purchase or sell Shares.
Secondary Market Trading Risk
Shares of the Funds may trade in the secondary market on days when the Funds do not accept orders to purchase or redeem shares. On such days, shares may trade in the secondary market with more significant premiums or discounts than might be experienced on days when the Fund accepts purchase and redemption orders.
Non-Diversification Risk
Each Fund is classified as “non-diversified.” This means that each Fund may invest most of its assets in securities issued by or representing a small number of companies. As a result, each Fund may be more susceptible to the risks associated with these particular companies, or to a single economic, political or regulatory occurrence affecting these companies.
Securities Lending
Each Fund may engage in lending its portfolio securities. Although each Fund will receive collateral in connection with all loans of its securities holdings, a Fund would be exposed to a risk of loss should a borrower default on its obligation to return the borrowed securities (e.g., the loaned securities may have appreciated beyond the value of the collateral held by the Fund). In addition, a Fund will bear the risk of loss of any cash collateral that it invests.
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Tracking Risk
Tracking risk is the risk that a Fund’s performance may vary substantially from the performance of the Underlying Index it tracks as a result of imperfect correlation between a Fund’s securities and those of the Underlying Index. Imperfect correlation may result from share purchases and redemptions, expenses, changes in the Underlying Indexes, asset valuations, foreign currency valuations, market impact, corporate actions (such as mergers and spin-offs), legal restrictions (such as tax-related diversification requirements that apply to the Funds but not to the Underlying Index) and timing variances, among other factors.
PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS INFORMATION
A description of the Trust’s policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Funds’ portfolio securities is available in the Funds’ combined Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”). The top largest holdings of each Fund can be found at www.[__________].com and Fund Fact sheets provide information regarding each Fund’s top holdings and may be requested by calling [__________].
DESCRIPTIONS OF THE FUNDS
[___________________] INDEX FUND
Investment Objective
The [ ] Index Fund seeks investment results that correspond to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the [ ] Index (the “Underlying Index”)
Principal Investment Strategy
The Adviser uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued.
The Fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and Euro Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively “Depositary Receipts”) based on the securities in its Underlying Index.
The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its assets (its “20% Asset Basket”) in certain futures, options and swap contracts (which may be leveraged and are considered derivatives), cash and cash equivalents, as well as in stocks not included in its Underlying Index, but which the Adviser believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks identified in the Principal Risks of the Funds section. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risks listed below:
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Risks Related to Investing in [ ].
Performance Information
The Fund has only recently begun operations, so performance information is not yet available.
[___________________] INDEX FUND
Investment Objective
The [ ] Index Fund seeks investment results that correspond to the price and yield performance, before fees and expenses, of the [ ] Index (the “Underlying Index”).
Principal Investment Strategy
The Adviser uses a “passive” or indexing approach to try to achieve the Fund’s investment objective. Unlike many investment companies, the Fund does not try to “beat” the index it tracks and does not seek temporary defensive positions when markets decline or appear overvalued.
The Fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and Euro Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively “Depositary Receipts”) based on the securities in its Underlying Index.
The Fund may also invest up to 20% of its assets (its “20% Asset Basket”) in certain futures, options and swap contracts (which may be leveraged and are considered derivatives), cash and cash equivalents, as well as in stocks not included in its Underlying Index, but which the Adviser believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Principal Risks
The Fund is subject to the risks identified in the Principal Risks of the Funds section. In addition, the Fund is subject to the risks listed below:
Risks Related to Investing in [ ].
Performance Information
The Fund has only recently begun operations, so performance information is not yet available.
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FEES AND EXPENSES
This table describes the fees and expenses that you may pay if you buy and hold Shares of a Fund. Transaction costs incurred by a Fund for buying and selling securities are not reflected in the table. Operating Expenses are expressed as a percentage of average daily net assets and are based upon estimated amounts for the current fiscal year.
[___________]
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[___________]
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Index Fund | Index Fund | |||
Shareholder Fees (fees paid directly from your investment) | ||||
Sales Charge (load) Imposed on Purchases: | None | None | ||
Transaction Fee on Purchases and Redemptions: | Varies 1 | Varies 1 | ||
Annual Fund Operating Expenses (expenses | ||||
that are deducted from Fund assets) | ||||
Management Fee: | ||||
Distribution and/or service (12b-1) fees: 2 | 0 | 0 | ||
Other Expenses: 3, 4 | ||||
Total Annual Fund Operating Expenses: |
The following example is intended to help retail investors compare the cost of investing in a Fund with the cost of investing in other funds. The Funds sell and redeem Shares only in Creation Units and principally on an in-kind basis for portfolio securities. The example illustrates the hypothetical expenses that such investors would incur over various periods if they
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1 |
An investor purchasing or redeeming Creation Units of a Fund will pay the Fund a transaction fee of [$___], plus an additional fee of up to [$___] if the investor does not create or redeem through the NSCC (as defined below) (for a total of up to [$__]). An investor buying or selling Shares of a Fund in the secondary market will pay a commission to his or her broker in an amount established by the broker. Investors who hold Creation Units will also pay the annual fund operating expenses described in the table above. |
2 |
Each Fund has adopted a Distribution and Service (12b-1) Plan pursuant to which the Fund may bear a 12b-1 fee not to exceed [ %] per annum of the Fund’s average daily net assets. However, the Board of Trustees have not approved any payment for the current year. |
3 |
The Trust’s Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser will pay substantially all expenses of each Fund, except interest expenses, brokerage commission and other trading expenses, distribution fees or expenses, fees and expenses of the independent trustees, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business. |
4 |
“Other Expenses” are based on estimated amounts for the current fiscal year. |
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invest $10,000 in a Fund. The example assumes that a Fund provides a return of 5% a year and that operating expenses remain the same. This example does not include the brokerage commissions that retail investors will pay to buy and sell Shares. It also does not include the transaction fees on purchases and redemptions of Creation Units, because these fees will not be imposed on retail investors.
One Year
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Three Years
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[___________] Index Fund |
[ ]
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[ ]
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[ ]
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[ ]
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[___________] Index Fund |
[ ]
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These examples should not be considered to represent actual expenses on performance from the past or for the future.
Creation Unit Transactions Fees and Redemption Transaction Fees
The Funds issue and redeem Shares at NAV and only in Creation Unit blocks of [____________]. As a practical matter, only institutions or large investors purchase or redeem Creation Units. A standard Creation Unit transaction fee of [$___] is charged for each purchase of Creation Units, regardless of the number of Creation Unit acquired. An investor redeeming Creation Units will be charged a standard redemption transaction fee of [$___], regardless of the number of Creation Unit redeemed. The value of a Creation Unit of the Funds, as of the date of this Prospectus, was approximately [$_______]. Investors holding Creation Units will also pay the Annual Fund Operating Expenses described in the table above. Assuming an investment in a Creation Unit of [$_______], a 5% return, and assuming that a Fund’s operating expenses remain the same and the Creation Units are redeemed at the end of each period, a purchaser of Creation Units will incur the following costs:
One Year
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[___________] Index Fund |
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BUYING AND SELLING FUND SHARES
Buying and Selling Shares on the Secondary Market
Shares of each Fund can be bought or sold throughout the trading day like shares of any publicly traded issuer. When buying or selling Shares through a broker, you will incur customary brokerage commissions and charges. The price at which you buy or sell Shares (i.e., the market price) may be more or less than the NAV of the shares. Unless imposed by your broker, there is no minimum dollar amount you must invest and no minimum number of Shares you must buy. The Funds are listed on the Listing Exchange. The Listing Exchange is generally open Monday through Friday and is closed for weekends and the following holidays: New Year’s Day, Martin Luther King, Jr. Day, Presidents’ Day, Good Friday, Memorial Day, Independence Day, Labor Day, Thanksgiving Day, and Christmas Day.
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Buying Shares Directly From the Fund
You can purchase Shares directly from a Fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof. The Funds issue Creation Units in blocks of [____] Shares. The number of Shares in a Creation Unit will not change over time, except in the event that a Fund splits or revalues its Shares. The Funds will not issue fractional Creation Units. Creation Units may be purchased only in exchange for a basket of securities - known as the In-Kind Creation Basket and cash equal to the Cash Component, as discussed further below. The Funds reserve the right to reject any purchase request at any time, for any reason, and without notice. The Funds can stop selling Shares or postpone payment of redemption proceeds at times when the Listing Exchange is closed or under any emergency circumstances as determined by the SEC.
To purchase Shares directly from a Fund, you must be an Authorized Participant or you must purchase through a broker that is Participating Organization. A Participating Organization is a participant of the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC or the Depository Trust Company (“DTC”) that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Funds’ Distributor. Most Participating Organizations are expected to be brokerage firms.
In-Kind Creation Basket . On each business day, prior to the opening of trading on the Listing Exchange, [_________] will post on the NSCC bulletin board the In-Kind Creation Basket for the Fund for that day. The In-Kind Creation Basket will identify the name and number of shares of each security that must be contributed to the Fund for each Creation Unit purchased. The Funds reserve the right to accept a nonconforming creation basket.
Cash Component . In addition to the in-kind deposit of securities, you will either pay to, or receive from, a Fund an amount of cash (the Balancing Amount) equal to the difference between the NAV of a Creation Unit and the value of the securities in the creation basket. The Balancing Amount ensures that the consideration paid by an investor for a Creation Unit is exactly equal to the value of the Creation Unit. The Adviser will publish, on a daily basis, information about the previous day’s Balancing Amount. You also must pay a transaction fee, described below, in cash. The Balancing Amount and the transaction fee, taken together, are referred to as the Cash Component.
Placement of Purchase Orders . All purchase orders must be placed through an Authorized Participant. Purchase orders will be processed either through a manual clearing process run by DTC or through an enhanced clearing process that is available only to those DTC participants that also are participants in the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC. Participating Organizations that do not use the NSCC’s enhanced clearing process will be charged a higher transaction fee (discussed below). A purchase order must be received by the Funds’ Distributor prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) on the day the order is placed, and all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement must be followed, in order for you to receive the NAV determined on that day.
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Transaction Fee on Purchase of Creation Units . The Funds impose a transaction fee in the amount of [____] on each purchase of Creation Units effected through the NSCC’s enhanced clearing process, regardless of the number of units purchased. For an investor purchasing Creation Units through the manual DTC clearing process, the transaction fee would be as much as [________]. Investors permitted to tender a nonconforming creation basket would be subject to an additional charge commensurate with the cost to a Fund. The transaction fee is paid to a Fund, not to the Distributor, the Adviser or a third party. The fee protects existing shareholders of a Fund from the costs associated with issuing Creation Units.
Shares are held in book entry form, which means that no stock certificates are issued. The DTC, or its nominee, will be the registered owner of all outstanding Shares of the Funds. Your beneficial ownership of Shares will be shown on the records of DTC or its participants through which you hold the shares. Neither the Adviser nor the Distributor will have any record of your ownership. Therefore, to exercise any right as an owner of Shares, you must rely on the procedures of DTC and its participants. Your account information will be maintained by your broker, which will provide you with account statements, confirmations of your purchases and sales of shares, and tax information. Your broker also will be responsible for distributing income and capital gains distributions and for ensuring that you receive shareholder reports and other communications from the Funds. You will receive other services (e.g., dividend reinvestment and average cost information) only if your broker offers these services.
Redeeming Shares Directly From a Fund
You may redeem Shares of each Fund only in Creation Units or multiples thereof. To redeem Shares directly with a Fund, you must be an Authorized Participant or you must redeem through a broker that is a Participating Organization. Units may be redeemed only in exchange for a basket of securities – known as the In-Kind Redemption Basket and cash equal to the Cash Component, as discussed further below.
In-Kind Redemption Basket . Redemption proceeds will be paid in kind with a basket of securities known as the In-Kind Redemption Basket. In most cases, the In-Kind Redemption basket will be the same as the In-Kind Creation Basket for that same day. There will be times, however, when the creation and redemption baskets differ. The composition of the In-Kind Redemption Basket will be available on the NSCC bulletin board. The Funds reserve the right to honor a redemption request with a nonconforming redemption basket, with the consent of the redeeming investor.
Cash Component . Depending on whether the NAV of a Creation Unit is higher or lower than the value of the redemption securities, you will either receive from or pay to a Fund a Balancing Amount in cash. If you are due to receive a Balancing Amount, the amount you actually receive will be reduced by the amount of the applicable transaction fee. You also must pay a transaction fee, described below, in cash. The Balancing Amount and the transaction fee, taken together, are referred to as the Cash Component.
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Placement of Redemption Orders . As with purchases, redemptions must be processed either through the DTC process or the enhanced NSCC process. A redemption order is deemed received on the date of transmittal if it is received by the Distributor prior to the close of regular trading on the NYSE on that date, and if all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are followed.
Transaction Fee on Redemption of Creation Units . The Funds impose a transaction fee on each redemption of Creation Units. The amount of the transaction fee on redemptions effected through the NSCC and the DTC, and on nonconforming redemptions, is the same as the fee imposed on comparable purchases (see previous section). As with the transaction fee on purchases, the transaction fee on redemptions is paid to a Fund, not to the Adviser, the Distributor or a third party. The fee protects existing shareholders of a Fund from the costs associated with redeeming Creation Units.
You should be aware of certain legal risks unique to investors purchasing Creation Units directly from the Funds. Because Shares may be issued on an ongoing basis, a “distribution” of Shares could be occurring at any time. Certain activities that you perform with respect to the sale of Shares could, depending on the circumstances, result in you being deemed a participant in the distribution, in a manner that could render you a statutory underwriter and subject you to the prospectus delivery and liability provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (“Securities Act”). For example, you could be deemed a statutory underwriter if you purchase Creation Units from a Fund, break them down into the constituent Shares, and sell those Shares directly to investors, or if you choose to couple the creation of a supply of Shares with an active selling effort involving solicitation of secondary-market demand for Shares. Whether a person is an underwriter depends upon all of the facts and circumstances pertaining to that person’s activities, and the examples mentioned here should not be considered a complete description of all the activities that could cause you to be deemed an underwriter.
Dealers who are not “underwriters” but are participating in a distribution (as opposed to engaging in ordinary secondary-market transactions), and thus dealing with Shares as part of an “unsold allotment” within the meaning of Section 4(3)(C) of the Securities Act, will be unable to take advantage of the prospectus delivery exemption provided by Section 4(3) of the Securities Act.
FUND MANAGEMENT
Investment Adviser
Global X Management Company LLC serves as the Funds’ investment adviser pursuant to an advisory agreement with Funds (the “Advisory Agreement”). The Adviser is a Delaware limited liability company with its principal offices located at 220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor New York, New York 10001. The Adviser provides an investment program for each Fund and manages the investment of each Fund’s assets. The Adviser also arranges for transfer agency, custody, fund administration and all other non-distribution related services necessary for the Funds to operate.
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The Adviser’s services are provided under the terms of an Investment Advisory Agreement dated [___] [___], 2008 (“Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser. Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, each Fund pays the Adviser an advisory fee for the services and facilities it provides payable on a monthly basis at the annual rate of [ %] of the Fund’s average daily net assets. From time to time, the Adviser may waive all or a portion of its fee.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser pays substantially all expenses of each Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, distribution fees or expenses, fees and expenses of the independent trustees, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.
The Trust, the Adviser and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics, (“Code”) as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor from engaging in deceptive, manipulative, or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a Code). There can be no assurance that the Codes will be effective in preventing such activities. The Codes permit personnel subject to them to invest in securities, including securities that may be held or purchased by the Funds. The Codes are on file with the SEC and are available to the public.
Approval of Advisory Agreement
A discussion regarding the basis for the Board of Trustees’ approval of the Advisory Agreement will be available in the Funds’ first annual report to shareholders.
Portfolio Management
The portfolio manager(s) who is currently responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio is (are) [____________]. The SAI provides additional information about the portfolio manager’s compensation structure, other accounts managed by the portfolio manager and the portfolio manager’s ownership of securities of the Fund he manages.
OTHER SERVICE PROVIDERS
[______________] is the administrator and transfer agent for the Funds.
[______________] is the custodian for the Funds.
Dechert LLP serves as legal counsel to the Funds.
[______________] serves as the Funds’ independent registered public accounting firm. The independent registered public accounting firm is responsible for auditing the annual financial statements of each Fund.
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SHAREHOLDER INFORMATION
Investors may acquire Shares on the Listing Exchange and in the secondary markets through a broker or dealer. On the Listing Exchange and in the secondary markets, there is no minimum share amount you must buy or sell, with the result that you may purchase or sell as little as one Share. Shares qualify as margin borrowing collateral.
When you buy or sell Shares on the Listing Exchange or in the secondary markets, your broker will normally charge you a commission or other transaction charges and you may pay market premiums or discounts on purchases and sales of Shares. For information about buying and selling Shares on the Listing Exchange or in the secondary markets, please contact your broker or dealer.
FREQUENT TRADING
Unlike frequent trading of shares of a traditional open-end mutual funds (i.e., not exchange-traded shares), frequent trading of Shares of the Funds on the secondary market does not disrupt portfolio management, increase the Funds’ trading costs, lead to realization of capitalization gains, or otherwise harm Fund shareholders because these trades does not involve the Funds directly. A few institutional investors are authorized to purchase and redeem the Funds’ Shares directly with the Funds. Because these trades are effected in-kind (i.e., for securities, and not for cash), they do not cause any of the harmful effects (noted above) that may result from frequent cash trades. Moreover, the Funds impose transaction fees on in-kind purchases and redemptions of the Funds to cover the custodial and other costs incurred by the Funds in effecting in-kind trades. These fees increase if an investor substitutes cash in part or in whole for securities, reflecting the fact that the Funds’ trading costs increase in those circumstances. For these reasons, the Board of Trustees has determined that it is not necessary to adopt policies and procedures to detect and deter frequent trading and market-timing in Shares of the Funds.
DISTRIBUTION AND SERVICE PLAN
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a distribution and services plan (“Plan”) pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. Under the Plan, each Fund is authorized to pay distribution fees in connection with the sale and distribution of its Shares and pay service fees in connection with the provision of ongoing services to shareholders of each class and the maintenance of shareholder accounts in an amount up to [___] of its average daily net assets each year.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no current plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, because these fees are paid out of each Fund’s assets on an ongoing basis, these fees will increase the cost of your investment in a Fund. By purchasing Shares subject to distribution fees and service fees, you may pay more over time than you would by purchasing Shares with other types of sales charge arrangements. Long-term shareholders may pay more than the economic equivalent of the maximum front-end sales charge permitted by the rules of FINRA. The net income attributable to Shares will be reduced by the amount of distribution fees and service fees and other expenses of each Fund.
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DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
Each Fund calculates its NAV each business day generally as of the close of regular trading on the NYSE (generally 4:00 p.m. Eastern time) based on prices at the time of closing, provided that any assets or liabilities denominated in currencies other than the U.S. dollar shall be translated into US. dollars at the prevailing market rates on the date of valuation as quoted by one or more major banks or dealers that make a two-way market in such currencies (or a data service provider based on quotations received from such banks or dealers). NAV per Share is computed by dividing the net assets of such Fund (i.e., the Value of its total assets less total liabilities) by the total number of Shares outstanding of the Funds generally rounded to the nearest cent.
If you buy or sell Shares on the secondary market, you will pay or receive the market price, which may be higher or lower than NAV. Your transaction will be priced at NAV only if you purchase or redeem your Shares in Creation Unit blocks.
The approximate value of Shares is disseminated every fifteen seconds throughout the trading day by the Listing Exchange or by other information providers, such as Reuters. This approximate value should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of the NAV, because the approximate value may not be calculated in the same manner as the NAV, which is computed once a day. The approximate value generally is determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by a Fund. The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate value and makes no warranty as to its accuracy.
When calculating the NAV of each Fund’s Shares, stocks held by a Fund are valued at their market value when reliable market quotations are readily available. Certain short-term debt instruments used to manage a Fund’s cash are valued on the basis of amortized cost.
When reliable market quotations are not readily available, securities are priced at their fair value, which is the price a security’s owner might reasonably expect to receive upon its sale.
Valuing a Fund’s investments using fair value pricing will result in using prices for those investments that may differ from current market valuations. Use of fair value prices and certain current market valuations could result in a difference between the prices used to calculate a Fund’s net asset value and the prices used by the Fund’s Underlying Index, which, in turn, could result in a difference between the Fund’s performance and the performance of the Fund’s Underlying Index.
Because foreign markets may be open on different days than the days during which a shareholder may purchase a Fund’s shares, the value of the Funds’ investments may change on days when shareholders are not able to purchase a Fund’s shares. Additionally, due to varying holiday schedules redemption requests made on certain dates may result in a settlement period exceeding 7 calendar days. A list of the holiday schedules of the foreign exchanges of the Funds’ Underlying Indexes as well as the dates on which a settlement period would exceed 7 calendar days in 2008 is contained in the SAI.
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The value of assets denominated in foreign currencies is converted into U.S. dollars using exchange rates deemed appropriate by the Adviser. Any use of a different rate from the rates used by each Index Administrator may adversely affect a Fund’s ability to track its Underlying Index.
Fair-value prices are determined by the Adviser according to procedures adopted by the Board of Trustees. When fair-value pricing is employed, the prices of securities used by a Fund to calculate its NAV may differ from quoted or published prices for the same securities.
DIVIDENDS, CAPITAL GAINS, AND TAXES
Dividend Reinvestment Service
Brokers may make available to their customers who own Shares the DTC book-entry dividend reinvestment service. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and capital gains will automatically be reinvested in additional whole and fractional Shares. Without this service, investors would receive their distributions in cash. To determine whether the dividend reinvestment service is available and whether there is a commission or other charge for using this service, consult your broker. Brokers may require Fund shareholders to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional Shares purchased in the secondary market.
TAXES
Dividends and Distributions
Dividends from net investment income, including any net foreign currency gains, generally are declared and paid at least annually and any net realized securities gains are distributed at least annually. In order to improve tracking error or comply with the distribution requirements of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, dividends may be declared and paid more frequently than annually for certain Funds.
Dividends and other distributions on Shares are distributed on a pro rata basis to beneficial owners of such Shares. Dividend payments are made through DTC participants to beneficial owners then of record with proceeds received from a Fund. Dividends and securities gains distributions are distributed in U.S. dollars and cannot be automatically reinvested in additional Shares of the Funds.
No dividend reinvestment service is provided by the Trust. Broker-dealers may make available the DTC book-entry Dividend Reinvestment Service for use by beneficial owners of the Funds for reinvestment of their dividend distributions. Beneficial owners should contact their broker to determine the availability and costs of the service and the details of participation therein. Brokers may require beneficial owners to adhere to specific procedures and timetables. If this service is available and used, dividend distributions of both income and realized gains will be automatically reinvested in additional whole Shares of a Fund purchased in the secondary market.
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Taxes
The following is a summary of certain tax considerations that may be relevant to an investor in the Funds. Except where otherwise indicated, the discussion relates to investors who are individual United States citizens or residents and is based on current tax law. You should consult your tax advisor for further information regarding federal, state, local and/or foreign tax consequences relevant to your specific situation.
Distributions . Each Fund intends to qualify as a regulated investment company for federal tax purposes, and to distribute to shareholders substantially all of its net investment income and net capital gain each year. Except as otherwise noted below, you will generally be subject to federal income tax on a Fund’s distributions to you, regardless of whether they are paid in cash or reinvested in Fund shares. For federal income tax purposes, Fund distributions attributable to short-term capital gains and net investment income are taxable to you as ordinary income. Distributions attributable to net capital gains (the excess of net long-term capital gains over net short-term capital losses) of a Fund generally are taxable to you as long-term capital gains. This is true no matter how long you own your Fund shares. The maximum long-term capital gain rate applicable to individuals, estates and trusts is currently 15%. You will be notified annually of the tax status of distributions to you.
Distributions of “qualifying dividends” will also generally be taxable to you at long-term capital gain rates, as long as certain requirements are met. In general, if 95% or more of the gross income of a Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of dividends received from domestic corporations or “qualified” foreign corporations (“qualifying dividends”), then all distributions paid by a Fund to individual shareholders will be treated as qualifying dividends. But if less than 95% of the gross income of a Fund (other than net capital gain) consists of qualifying dividends, then distributions paid by such Fund to individual shareholders will be qualifying dividends only to the extent they are derived from qualifying dividends earned by such Fund. For the lower rates to apply, you must have owned your Fund shares for at least 61 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before such Fund’s ex-dividend date (and such Fund will need to have met a similar holding period requirement with respect to the shares of the corporation paying the qualifying dividend). The amount of a Fund’s distributions that qualify for this favorable treatment may be reduced as a result of such Fund’s securities lending activities (if any), a high portfolio turnover rate or investments in debt securities or “non-qualified” foreign corporations. In addition, whether distributions received from foreign corporations are qualifying dividends will depend on several factors including the country of residence of the corporation making the distribution. Accordingly, distributions from many of the Funds’ holdings may not be qualifying dividends.
A portion of distributions paid by a Fund to shareholders who are corporations may also qualify for the dividends-received deduction for corporations, subject to certain holding period requirements and debt financing limitations. The amount of the dividends qualifying for this deduction may, however, be reduced as a result of such Fund’s securities lending activities, by a high portfolio turnover rate or by investments in debt securities or foreign corporations.
Distributions from a Fund will generally be taxable to you in the year in which they are paid, with one exception. Dividends and distributions declared by a Fund in October, November or
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December and paid in January of the following year are taxed as though they were paid on December 31.
You should note that if you buy Shares of a Fund shortly before it makes a distribution, the distribution will be fully taxable to you even though, as an economic matter, it simply represents a return of a portion of your investment. This adverse tax result is known as “buying into a dividend.”
Foreign Taxes . Each Fund may be subject to foreign withholding taxes with respect to dividends or interest received from sources in foreign countries. If at the close of the taxable year more than 50% in value of a Fund’s assets consists of stock in foreign corporations, such Fund will be eligible to make an election to treat a proportionate amount of those taxes as constituting a distribution to each shareholder, which would allow you either (1) to credit that proportionate amount of taxes against U.S. Federal income tax liability as a foreign tax credit or (2) to take that amount as an itemized deduction. If a Fund is not eligible or chooses not to make this election it will be entitled to deduct such taxes in computing the amounts it is required to distribute.
Sales and Exchanges . The sale of Shares is a taxable event on which a gain or loss may be recognized. For federal income tax purposes, an exchange of Shares of one Fund for Shares of another Fund is considered the same as a sale. The amount of gain or loss is based on the difference between your tax basis in Fund shares and the amount you receive for them upon disposition. Generally, you will recognize long-term capital gain or loss if you have held your Fund Shares for over twelve months at the time you sell or exchange them. Gains and losses on Shares held for twelve months or less will generally constitute short-term capital gains, except that a loss on Shares held six months or less will be recharacterized as a long-term capital loss to the extent of any capital gains distributions that you have received on the shares. A loss realized on a sale or exchange of Fund Shares may be disallowed under the so-called “wash sale” rules to the extent the Shares disposed of are replaced with other Shares of that same Fund within a period of 61 days beginning 30 days before and ending 30 days after the Shares are disposed of, such as pursuant to a dividend reinvestment in Shares of a Fund. If disallowed, the loss will be reflected in an adjustment to the basis of the Shares acquired.
IRAs and Other Tax-Qualified Plans . The one major exception to the preceding tax principles is that distributions on, and sales, exchanges and redemptions of, Shares held in an IRA or other tax-qualified plan will not be currently taxable unless the shares were purchased with borrowed funds.
Backup Withholding . Each Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold and remit to the U.S. Treasury 28% of the dividends and gross sales proceeds paid to any shareholder (i) who had provided either an incorrect tax identification number or no number at all, (ii) who is subject to backup withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure to report the receipt of taxable interest or dividend income properly, or (iii) who has failed to certify to the Trust, when required to do so, that he or she is not subject to backup withholding or that he or she is an “exempt recipient.”
U.S. Tax Treatment of Foreign Shareholders . A foreign shareholder generally will not be subject to U.S. withholding tax in respect of proceeds from, or gain on, the redemption of Shares
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or in respect of capital gain dividends (i.e., dividends attributable to long-term capital gains of a Fund) unless, in the case of a shareholder who is a nonresident alien individual, the shareholder is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. For distributions attributable to a Fund’s taxable year beginning after December 31, 2007, foreign shareholders generally will be subject to U.S. withholding tax at a rate of 30% (or a lower treaty rate, if applicable) on distributions by such Fund of net investment income, other ordinary income, and the excess, if any, of net short-term capital gain over net long-term capital loss for the year, unless the distributions are effectively connected with a U.S. trade or business of the shareholder. For distributions attributable to a Fund’s taxable year beginning before January 1, 2008, however, foreign shareholders will generally not be subject to withholding tax on distributions attributable to U.S.-source “portfolio interest” or short-term capital gains unless, with respect to short-term capital gains, the shareholder is a nonresident alien individual who is present in the United States for 183 days or more during the taxable year and certain other conditions are met. Foreign shareholders should consult their tax advisors regarding the U.S. and foreign tax consequences of investing in a Fund.
State and Local Taxes . You may also be subject to state and local taxes on income and gain attributable to your ownership of Shares. State income taxes may not apply, however, to the portions of a Fund’s distributions, if any, that are attributable to interest earned by a Fund on U.S. government securities. You should consult your tax advisor regarding the tax status of distributions in your state and locality.
Sunset of Tax Provisions . Some of the tax provisions described above are subject to sunset provisions. Specifically, a sunset provision provides that the 15% long-term capital gain rate will increase to 20% and the taxation of dividends at the long-term capital gain rate will change for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2010.
Consult Your Tax Professional . Your investment in a Fund could have additional tax consequences. You should consult your tax professional for information regarding all tax consequences applicable to your investments in a Fund. More tax information relating to the Funds is also provided in the Statement of Additional Information. This short summary is not intended as a substitute for careful tax planning.
Taxes on Distributions
Distributions by us generally are taxable to you as ordinary income or capital gains. Distributions of our “investment company taxable income” (which is, generally, our ordinary income plus net short-term capital gains in excess of net long-term capital losses) will be taxable as ordinary income to the extent of our current or accumulated earnings and profits, whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares.
Distributions of our net capital gains (which are our net long-term capital gains in excess of net short-term capital losses) properly designated by us as “capital gain dividends” will be taxable to you as long-term capital gains at a maximum rate of 15% in the case of individuals, trusts or estates, regardless of your holding period in a Fund’s Shares and regardless of whether paid in cash or reinvested in additional shares. Distributions in excess of our earnings and profits first will reduce your adjusted tax basis in a Fund’s Shares and, after the adjusted basis is reduced to
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zero, will constitute capital gains. Such capital gain will be long-term capital gain and thus, will be taxed at a maximum rate of 15% for taxable years beginning on or before December 31, 2010, if the distributions are attributable to Shares held by you for more than one year. Distributions by a Fund that qualify as qualified dividend income are taxable to you at the long-term capital gain rate. In order for a distribution by a Fund to be treated as qualified dividend income, such Fund must meet holding period and other requirements with respect to its dividend paying stocks and you must meet holding period requirement and other requirement with respect to the Fund’s shares.
Corporate stockholders are generally eligible for the 70% dividends received deduction with respect to ordinary income, but not capital gains dividends to the extent such amount designated by us does not exceed the dividends received by us from domestic corporations.
Under a dividend reinvestment service, you may have the option that all cash distributions are automatically reinvested in additional Shares. Any distributions reinvested under such a service will nevertheless be taxable to you. You will have an adjusted basis in the additional Shares purchased through such an reinvestment service equal to the amount of the reinvested distribution. The additional Shares will have a new holding period commencing on the day following the day on which the Shares are credited to your account. In general, distributions are subject to federal income tax for the year when they are paid. However, certain distributions paid in January may be treated as paid on December 31 of the prior year.
FUND WEBSITE AND DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Trust maintains a website for the Funds at www.[___________].com. Among other things, this website includes this Prospectus and the SAI, and will include the Funds’ holdings, the Funds’ annual and semiannual reports, a list of Authorized Participants, pricing information about Shares trading on the Listing Exchange, daily NAV calculations and an historical comparison of the trading prices to NAV.
Each Fund publicly disseminates its full portfolio holdings each day the Fund is open for business through its internet web site at [www.________com]. In addition, the In-Kind Creation Basket and In-Kind Redemption Basket, which identify the securities and Share quantities which are delivered in exchange for purchases and redemptions of Creation Units, are publicly disseminated daily prior to the open of the Listing Exchange via the NSCC. A description of the Funds’ policies and procedures with respect to the disclosure of the Fund’s portfolio securities is available in the Statement of Additional Information.
OTHER INFORMATION
The Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Listing Exchange. The Listing Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the Funds particularly or the ability of the Funds to achieve its objective. The Listing Exchange has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Funds.
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For purposes of the 1940 Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in Shares beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act enter into an agreement with the Trust regarding the terms of the investment.
The Trust has obtained an SEC order permitting registered investment companies to invest in Shares as described above. One such condition stated in the order is that registered investment companies relying on the order must enter into a written agreement with the Trust.
FINANCIAL HIGHLIGHTS
The Funds are newly organized and therefore has not yet had any operations as of the date of this Prospectus.
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FOR MORE INFORMATION Existing Shareholders or Prospective Investors
Call your broker.
www.[__________].com
Dealers
www.[__________].com
Distributor Telephone: __________________
Investment Adviser
Global X Management Company LLC
220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10001
Distributor
Custodian
Administrator and Transfer Agent
Legal Counsel | Independent Registered Public | |
Dechert LLP | Accounting Firm | |
1775 I Street | ||
Washington, DC 20006-2401 |
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A Statement of Additional Information dated [__________], which contains more details about the Funds, is incorporated by reference in its entirety into this Prospectus, which means that it is legally part of this Prospectus.
You will find additional information about the Funds in their annual and semi-annual reports to shareholders, when available. The annual report will explain the market conditions and investment strategies affecting each Fund’s performance during its last fiscal year.
You can ask questions or obtain a free copy of the Funds’ shareholder report or the Statement of Additional Information by calling [__________]. Free copies of the Funds’ shareholder report and the Statement of Additional Information are available from our website at [www._________.com.]
Information about the Funds, including their reports and the Statement of Additional Information, has been filed with the SEC. It can be reviewed and copied at the SEC’s Public Reference Room in Washington, DC or on the EDGAR database on the SEC’s internet site (http://www.sec.gov). Information on the operation of the SEC’s Public Reference Room may be obtained by calling the SEC at (202) 551-8090. You can also request copies of these materials, upon payment of a duplicating fee, by electronic request at the SEC’s e-mail address (publicinfo@sec.gov) or by writing the Public Reference section of the SEC, 100 F Street NE, Room 1580, Washington, DC 20549.
PROSPECTUS
Distributor
[_______________]
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The information in this Statement of Additional Information is not complete and may be changed. The Trust may not sell these securities until the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission is effective. This Statement of Additional Information is not an offer to sell these securities and is not soliciting an offer to buy these securities in any jurisdiction where the offer or sale is not permitted.
Subject to Completion
Preliminary Statement of Additional Information dated June 17, 2008
STATEMENT OF ADDITIONAL INFORMATION
GLOBAL X FUNDS
[___________________] FUND
[___________________] FUND
220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor
New York, NY 10001
PHONE: [_____________]
This Statement of Additional Information (“SAI”) describes Global X Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (“Trust”) formed on March 6, 2008, an open-end registered management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), and currently comprised of two exchange-traded funds (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”). Global X Management Company LLC (“Adviser”) serves as the investment adviser to the Funds. [_______________] serves as the distributor for the Funds (“Distributor”).
Shares of the Funds are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government.
This SAI is not a prospectus. It should be read in conjunction with the prospectus of the Trust, dated [____________] (“Prospectus”) which incorporates this SAI by reference. Capitalized terms used herein that are not defined have the same meaning as in the Prospectus, unless otherwise noted. A copy of the Prospectus may be obtained without charge by writing to the Distributor, calling [________________] or visiting www. [_________]. An annual report for the Funds will be available in the same manner once the Funds have completed its first annual period.
The date of this SAI is [________________].
TABLE OF CONTENTS
(continued)
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OVERVIEW OF THE TRUST AND THE FUNDS | 1 | |
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS | 1 | |
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING | 2 | |
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND RISKS | 2 | |
MANAGEMENT | 18 | |
CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES | 21 | |
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES | 21 | |
PORTFOLIO MANAGER | 22 | |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNDERLYING INDEX AND THE INDEX | ||
ADMINISTRATOR | 23 | |
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE | 23 | |
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS | 24 | |
INTRADAY INDICATIVE VALUE | 24 | |
THE DISTRIBUTOR | 25 | |
ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS | 25 | |
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES | 26 | |
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS | 27 | |
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE | 33 | |
TAXATION | 33 | |
OTHER INFORMATION | 35 | |
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 36 | |
FORM OF NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS | 40 | |
FORM OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM REPORT | 42 |
No person has been authorized to give any information or to make any representations other than those contained in this SAI and the Prospectus and, if given or made, such information or representations may not be relied upon as having been authorized by the Trust.
The SAI does not constitute an offer to sell securities.
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OVERVIEW OF THE TRUST AND THE FUNDS
The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust formed on March 6, 2008 and an open-end registered management investment company comprised of two non-diversified exchange-traded funds. Other portfolios may be added to the Trust in the future. The offering of the shares of the Funds (“Shares”) is registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (“1933 Act”).
Each Fund offers and issues Shares at net asset value (“NAV”) only in aggregations of a specified number of Shares, generally in exchange for a basket of securities constituting the portfolio holdings of a Fund, together with the deposit of a specified cash payment. Shares have been approved for listing and secondary trading on the [_________] (“Exchange”), subject to notice of issuance. Share will trade on the Exchange at market prices that may be below, at, or above NAV. Shares are redeemable only in Creation Unit Aggregations, and, generally, in exchange for portfolio securities and a specified cash payment. Creation Units are aggregations of [______________] Shares. In the event of the liquidation of a Fund, the Trust may lower the number of Shares in a Creation Unit. Some of the information contained in this SAI and the Prospectus – such as information about purchasing and redeeming Shares from a Fund and references to transaction fees (if any) imposed on redemptions –is not relevant to most retail investors.
The Trust reserves the right to offer a “cash” option for creations and redemptions of Shares although it has no current intention of doing so. Shares may be issued in advance of receipt of Deposit Securities subject to various conditions including a requirement to maintain on deposit with the Trust cash at least equal to [ ] of the market value of the missing Deposit Securities. In each instance of such cash creations or redemptions, transaction fees may be imposed that will be higher than the transaction fees associated with in-kind creations or redemptions. In all cases, such fees will be limited in accordance with Securities and Exchange Commission (“SEC”) requirements applicable to management investment companies offering redeemable securities.
INVESTMENT POLICIES AND RESTRICTIONS
Each Fund is subject to the investment policies enumerated in this section, which may be changed with respect to a Fund only by a vote of the holders of a majority of such Fund’s outstanding shares.
Each Fund:
1. |
May not issue any senior security, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time; |
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2. |
May not borrow money, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time; |
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May not act as an underwriter of securities within the meaning of the 1933 Act, except as permitted under the 1933 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time. Among other things, to the extent that a Fund may be deemed to be an underwriter within the meaning of the 1933 Act, this would permit a Fund to act as an underwriter of securities in connection with the purchase and sale of its portfolio securities in the ordinary course of pursuing its investment objective, investment policies and investment program; |
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4. |
May not purchase or sell real estate or any interests therein, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time. Notwithstanding this limitation, a Fund may, among other things: (i) acquire or lease office space for its own use; (ii) invest in securities of issuers that invest in real estate or interests therein; (iii) invest in mortgage-related securities and other securities that are secured by real estate or interests therein; or (iv) hold and sell real estate acquired by a Fund as a result of the ownership of securities; |
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5. |
May not purchase physical commodities or contracts relating to physical commodities, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time; |
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6. |
May not make loans, except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction, from time to time; |
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7. |
May not “concentrate” its investments in a particular industry or group of industries: (I) except that a Fund will concentrate to approximately the same extent that its Underlying Index concentrates in the securities of such particular industry or group of industries; and (II) except as permitted under the 1940 Act, and as interpreted or modified by regulatory authority having jurisdiction from time to time, provided that, without limiting the generality of the foregoing: (a) this limitation will not apply to a Fund’s investments in: (i) securities of other investment companies; (ii) securities issued or guaranteed as to principal and/or interest by the U.S. government, its agencies or instrumentalities; (iii) repurchase agreements (collateralized by the instruments described in clause (ii)) or (iv) securities of state or municipal governments and their political subdivisions are not considered to be issued by Members of any industry; (b) wholly-owned finance companies will be considered to be in the industries of their parents if their activities are primarily related to the financing activities of the parents; and (c) utilities will be divided according to their services, for example, gas, gas transmission, electric and gas, electric and telephone will each be considered a separate industry. |
Notwithstanding these fundamental investment restrictions, each Fund may purchase securities of other investment companies to the full extent permitted under Section 12 or any other provision of the 1940 Act (or any successor provision thereto) or under any regulation or order of the SEC.
If a percentage limitation is satisfied at the time of investment, a later increase or decrease in such percentage resulting from a change in the value of a Fund’s investments will not constitute a violation of such limitation, except that any borrowing by a Fund that exceeds the fundamental investment limitations stated above must be reduced to meet such limitations within the period required by the 1940 Act (currently three days). In addition, if a Fund’s holdings of illiquid securities exceed 15% of net assets because of changes in the value of the Fund’s investments, the Fund will take action to reduce its holdings of illiquid securities within a time frame deemed to be in the best interest of the Fund. Otherwise, a Fund may continue to hold a security even though it causes the Fund to exceed a percentage limitation because of fluctuation in the value of the Fund’s assets.
EXCHANGE LISTING AND TRADING
Shares of each Fund are listed and trade on the Exchange. Shares, redeemable only when aggregated in Creation Units, trade on the Exchange or in secondary markets at prices that may differ to some degree from their NAV per Share or intraday indicative value (“IIV”). There can be no assurance that the requirements of the Exchange necessary to maintain the listing of Shares of a Fund will continue to be met.
As in the case of other securities traded on an exchange, when you buy or sell Shares on the Exchange or in the secondary markets your broker will normally charge you a commission or other transaction charges and you may pay market premiums or discounts on purchases and sales of Shares.
The Trust reserves the right to adjust the price of Shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors (namely, to maintain a price per Share that is attractive to investors) by share splits or reverse share splits, which would have no effect on the NAV.
INVESTMENT OBJECTIVE, STRATEGIES AND RISKS
Each Fund seeks to achieve its objective by investing primarily in securities issued by companies that comprise the relevant Underlying Index and through transactions that provide substantially similar exposure to securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund operates as an index fund and will not be actively managed. Adverse performance of
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a security in a Fund’s portfolio will ordinarily not result in the elimination of the security from a Fund’s portfolio. Each Fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in American Depositary Receipts (“ADRs”), Global Depositary Receipts (“GDRs”) and Euro Depositary Receipts (“EDRs”) (collectively “Depositary Receipts”) based on the securities in its Underlying Index. Each Fund may also invest up to 20% of its assets in certain futures, options and swap contracts, cash and cash equivalents, as well as in stocks not included in its Underlying Index but which the Adviser believes will help the Fund track its Underlying Index.
Each Fund may engage in representative sampling, which is investing in a representative sample of securities in the Underlying Index, selected by the Adviser to have a similar investment profile as the Underlying Index. Securities selected have aggregate investment characteristics (based on market capitalization and industry weightings), fundamental characteristics (such as return variability, earnings valuation and yield) and liquidity measures similar to those of the relevant Underlying Index. Funds that use representative sampling may or may not hold all of the securities that are included in the relevant Underlying Index.
Each Fund also may engage in a replication strategy, which is investing in the securities of the Underlying Index in approximately the same proportions as in the Underlying Index. These Funds may utilize a representative sampling strategy with respect to their Underlying Index when a replication strategy might be detrimental to its beneficial owners, such as when there are practical difficulties or substantial costs involved in compiling a portfolio of equity securities to follow a Fund’s Underlying Index.
Each Fund has adopted a non-fundamental investment policy in accordance with Rule 35d-1 under the 1940 Act to invest, under normal circumstances, at least 80% of the value of its net assets, plus the amount of any borrowings for investment purposes, in securities of the Fund’s Underlying Index and in Depositary Receipts based on securities in the Underlying Index. Each Fund has also adopted a policy to provide its shareholders with at least 60 days’ prior written notice of any change in such policy. If, subsequent to an investment, the 80% requirement is no longer met, a Fund’s future investments will be made in a manner that will bring the Fund into compliance with this policy.
New Fund Risks
The Funds are new funds, with no operating history, which may result in additional risk. There can be no assurance that these new Funds will grow to or maintain an economically viable size, in which case the Board of Trustees may determine to liquidate the Funds. While shareholder interests will be the paramount consideration, the timing of any liquidation may not be favorable to certain individual shareholders.
Depository Receipts
Each Fund will normally invest at least 80% of its total assets in the securities of its Underlying Index and in Depositary Receipts based on the securities in its Underlying Index. ADRs are receipts that are traded in the United States evidencing ownership of the underlying foreign securities and are denominated in U.S. dollars. EDRs and GDRs are receipts issued by a non-U.S. financial institution evidencing ownership of underlying foreign or U.S. securities and usually are denominated in foreign currencies. EDRs and GDRs may not be denominated in the same currency as the securities they represent. Generally, EDRs and GDRs are designed for use in the foreign securities markets.
To the extent a Fund invests in ADRs, such ADRs will be listed on a national securities exchange. To the extent a Fund invests in GDRs or EDRs, such GDRs and EDRs will be listed on a foreign exchange. A Fund will not invest in any unlisted Depositary Receipt, any Depositary Receipt that NTI deems to be illiquid or any Depository Receipt for which pricing information is not readily available. Generally, all depositary receipts must be sponsored. A Fund, however, may invest in unsponsored depositary receipts under certain limited circumstances. A non-sponsored depository may not provide the same shareholder information that a sponsored depository is required to provide under its contractual arrangement with the issuer. Therefore, there may be less information available regarding such issuers and there may not be a correlation between such information and the market value of the depositary receipts
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Non-Diversification Risk
Non-diversification risk is the risk that a non-diversified Fund may be more susceptible to adverse financial, economic or other developments affecting any single issuer, and more susceptible to greater losses because of these developments. Each Fund is classified as “non-diversified” for purposes of the 1940 Act. A “non-diversified” classification means that a Fund is not limited by the 1940 Act with regard to the percentage of its assets that may be invested in the securities of a single issuer. The securities of a particular issuer may dominate the Underlying Index of such a Fund and, consequently, the Fund’s investment portfolio. Each Fund may also concentrate its investments in a particular industry or group of industries, as noted in the description of the Fund. The securities of issuers in particular industries may dominate the Underlying Index of such a Fund and, consequently, the Fund’s investment portfolio. This may adversely affect its performance or subject a Fund’s shares to greater price volatility than that experienced by less concentrated investment companies. Additionally, each Fund invests substantially all of its assets within the equity markets of a single country outside the U.S.
Each Fund intends to maintain the required level of diversification and otherwise conduct its operations so as to qualify as a “regulated investment company” for purposes of the Internal Revenue Code (the “IRC”), and to relive the Fund of any liability for federal income tax to the extent that its earnings are distributed to shareholders. Compliance with the diversification requirements of the IRC may limit the investment flexibility of a Fund and may make it less likely that such Fund will meet its investment objectives.
Securities Lending
Each Fund may make secured loans of its portfolio securities amounting to not more than one-third of its total assets. For these purposes, total assets include the proceeds of such loans. Securities loans are made to broker-dealers that the Adviser believes to be of relatively high credit standing pursuant to agreements requiring that the loans continuously be collateralized by cash, liquid securities, or shares of other investment companies with a value at least equal to the market value of the loaned securities. If a loan is collateralized by U.S. government securities, a Fund receives a fee from the borrower. If a loan is collateralized by cash, a Fund typically invests the cash collateral for its own account in interest-bearing, short term securities and pays a fee to the borrower that normally represents a portion of the Fund’s earnings on the collateral. As with other extensions of credit, a Fund bears the risk of delay in the recovery of the securities and of loss of rights in the collateral should the borrower fail financially. A Fund also bears the risk that the value of investments made with collateral may decline.
Voting rights or rights to consent with respect to the loaned securities pass to the borrower. Each Fund has the right to call loans at any time on reasonable notice and will do so if holders of a loaned security are asked to take action on a material matter. However, a Fund bears the risk of delay in the return of the security, impairing the Fund’s ability to vote on such matters. The Adviser has retained lending agents on behalf of the Funds that are compensated based on a percentage of a Fund’s return on its securities lending. Each Fund also pays various fees in connection with securities loans, including shipping fees and custodian fees.
The Funds’ securities loans may or may not be structured to preserve qualified dividend income treatment on dividends paid on the loaned securities. The Funds may receive substitute payments under its loans (instead of dividends on the loaned securities) that are not eligible for treatment as qualified dividend income or the long-term capital gain tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income.
Options and Futures
Each Fund may use options and futures for various purposes, including for hedging and investment purposes. The use of options contracts, futures contracts, and options on futures contracts involves risk. Thus, while the Funds may benefit from the use of options, futures, and options on futures, unanticipated changes in interest rates, securities prices, currency exchange rates, or other underlying assets or reference rates may adversely affect the Funds’ performance.
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The Funds’ ability to write and purchase call and put options is limited by the requirements for qualifying as a regulated investment company under the Internal Revenue Code.
Options on Securities and Indices. Each Fund may purchase and sell put and call options on equity, fixed income, or other securities or indices in standardized exchanged-traded contracts. An option on a security or index is a contract that gives the holder of the option, in return for a premium, the right (but not the obligation) to buy from (in the case of a call) or sell to (in the case of a put) the writer of the option the security underlying the option (or the cash value of the index underlying the option) at a specified price. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on a security has the obligation to deliver the underlying security upon payment of the exercise price or to pay the exercise price upon delivery of the underlying security. Upon exercise, the writer of an option on an index is required to pay the difference between the cash value of the index and the exercise price multiplied by the specified multiplier for the index option
Purchasing Options on Securities and Indices. Among other reasons, the Funds may purchase a put option to hedge against a decline in the value of a portfolio security. If such a decline occurs, the put option will permit the Funds to sell the security at the higher exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. By using put options in this manner, the Funds will reduce any profit it might otherwise have realized in the underlying security by the amount of the premium paid for the put option and by its transaction costs. In order for a put option purchased by the Funds to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must decline sufficiently below the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Funds and transaction costs.
Among other reasons, the Funds may purchase call options to hedge against an increase in the price of securities each Fund anticipates purchasing in the future. If such a price increase occurs, a call option will permit the Funds to purchase the securities at the exercise price or to close out the option at a profit. The premium paid for the call option, plus any transaction costs, will reduce the benefit, if any, that the Fund realizes upon exercise of the option and, unless the price of the underlying security rises sufficiently, the option may expire worthless to the Funds. Thus, for a call option purchased by the Funds to be profitable, the market price of the underlying security must rise sufficiently above the exercise price to cover the premium paid by the Funds to the writer and transaction costs.
In the case of both call and put options, the purchaser of an option risks losing the premium paid for the option plus related transaction costs if the option expires worthless.
Writing Options on Securities and Indices. Because each Fund receives a premium for writing a put or call option, the Funds may seek to increase its return by writing call or put options on securities or indices. The premium the Funds receive for writing an option will increase the Funds’ return in the event the option expires unexercised or is closed out at a profit. The size of the premium the Funds receive reflects, among other things, the relationship of the market price and volatility of the underlying security or index to the exercise price of the option, the remaining term of the option, supply and demand, and interest rates.
Each Fund may write a call option on a security or other instrument held by the Funds. In such case the Funds limit their opportunity to profit from an increase in the market price of the underlying security above the exercise price of the option. Alternatively, the Funds may write a call option on securities in which it may invest but that are not currently held by the Funds. During periods of declining securities prices or when prices are stable, writing these types of call options can be a profitable strategy to increase the Funds’ income with minimal capital risk. However, when securities prices increase, the Funds are exposed to an increased risk of loss, because if the price of the underlying security or instrument exceeds the option’s exercise price, the Funds will suffer a loss equal to the amount by which the market price exceeds the exercise price at the time the call option is exercised, minus the premium received. Calls written on securities that the Funds do not own are riskier than calls written on securities owned by the Funds because there is no underlying security held by the Funds that can act as a partial hedge. When such a call is exercised, the Funds must purchase the underlying security to meet its call obligation or make a payment equal to the value of its obligation in order to close out the option. Calls written on securities that the Funds do not own have speculative characteristics and the potential for loss is unlimited. There is also a risk, especially with less liquid preferred and debt securities, that the securities may not be available for purchase.
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Each Fund also may write a put option on a security. In so doing, the Funds assume the risk that it may be required to purchase the underlying security for an exercise price higher than its then current market price, resulting in a loss on exercise equal to the amount by which the market price of the security is below the exercise price minus the premium received.
OTC Options . Each Fund may also invest in over-the-counter (“OTC”) options. OTC options differ from exchange-traded options in that they are two-party contracts, with price and other terms negotiated between the buyer and seller, and generally do not have as much market liquidity as exchange-traded options.
Closing Options Transactions. The holder of an option may terminate its position in a put or call option it has purchased by allowing it to expire or by exercising the option. If an option is American style, it may be exercised on any day up to its expiration date. In contrast, a European style option may be exercised only on its expiration date. In addition, a holder of an option may terminate its obligation prior to the option’s expiration by effecting an offsetting closing transaction. In the case of exchange-traded options, the Funds, as a holder of an option, may effect an offsetting closing sale transaction by selling an option of the same series as the option previously purchased. The Funds realize a loss from a closing sale transaction if the premium received from the sale of the option is less than the premium paid to purchase the option (plus transaction costs). Similarly, Funds that have written an option may effect an offsetting closing purchase transaction by buying an option of the same series as the option previously written. The Funds realize a loss from a closing purchase transaction if the cost of the closing purchase transaction (option premium plus transaction costs) is greater than the premium received from writing the option. If the Funds desire to sell a security on which it has written a call option, it will effect a closing purchase prior to or concurrently with the sale of the security. There can be no assurance, however, that a closing purchase or sale can be effected when the Funds desire to do so.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the option with the counterparty.
No guarantee exists that the Funds will be able to effect a closing purchase or a closing sale with respect to a specific option at any particular time.
Risk Factors in Options Transactions. There are various risks associated with transactions in exchange-traded and OTC options. The value of options written by the Funds, which will be priced daily, will be affected by, among other factors, changes in the value of underlying securities (including those comprising an index), changes in the dividend rates of underlying securities (including those comprising an index), changes in interest rates, changes in the actual or perceived volatility of the stock market and underlying securities, and the remaining time to an option’s expiration. The value of an option also may be adversely affected if the market for the option is reduced or becomes less liquid. In addition, since an American style option allows the holder to exercise its rights any time prior to expiration of the option, the writer of an American style option has no control over the time when it may be required to fulfill its obligations as a writer of the option. This risk is not present when writing a European style option since the holder may only exercise the option on its expiration date.
The Funds’ ability to use options as part of their investment programs depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist when the Funds seek to close out an option position. If the Funds were unable to close out an option that it had purchased on a security, it would have to exercise the option in order to realize any profit or the option may expire worthless. If the Funds were unable to close out a call option that it had written on a portfolio security owned by the Funds, it would not be able to sell the underlying security unless the option expired without exercise. As the writer of a call option on a portfolio security, during the option’s life, the Funds foregoe the opportunity to profit from increases in the market value of the security underlying the call option above the sum of the premium and the strike price of the call, but retains the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the underlying security decline. Similarly, as the writer of a call option on a securities index, the Funds foregoe the opportunity to profit from increases in the index over the strike price of the option, though they retain the risk of loss (net of premiums received) should the price of the Funds’ portfolio securities decline.
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An exchange-traded option may be closed out by means of an offsetting transaction only on a national securities exchange, which generally provides a liquid secondary market for an option of the same series. If a liquid secondary market for an exchange-traded option does not exist, the Funds might not be able to effect an offsetting closing transaction for a particular option as described above. Reasons for the absence of a liquid secondary market on a national securities exchange include the following: (i) insufficient trading interest in some options; (ii) restrictions by a national securities exchange on opening or closing transactions, or both; (iii) trading halts, suspensions, or other restrictions on particular classes or series of options or underlying securities; (iv) unusual or unforeseen interruptions in normal operations on a national securities exchange; (v) inability to handle current trading volume; or (vi) discontinuance of options trading (or trading in a particular class or series of options) (although outstanding options on a national securities exchange that were issued by the Options Clearing Corporation should continue to be exercisable in accordance with their terms). In addition, the hours of trading for options on a national securities exchange may not conform to the hours during which the securities held by the Funds are traded. To the extent that the options markets close before the markets for the underlying securities, significant price and rate movements can take place in the underlying markets that may not be reflected in the options markets.
National securities exchanges have established limits on the maximum number of options an investor or group of investors acting in concert may write. The Funds, the Adviser, and other clients of the Adviser constitute such a group. These limits restrict the Funds’ ability to purchase or sell options on a particular security.
An OTC option may be closed out only with the counterparty, although either party may engage in an offsetting transaction that puts that party in the same economic position as if it had closed out the option with the counterparty. See “Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts -- Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts” for a discussion of counterparty risk and other risks associated with investing in OTC options below.
Each Fund’s ability to engage in options transactions may be limited by tax considerations.
Futures. To the extent consistent with applicable law, each Fund may invest in futures contracts on, among other things, financial instruments (such as a U.S. government security or other fixed income security), individual equity securities (“single stock futures”), securities indices, interest rates, currencies, inflation indices, and commodities or commodities indices. Futures contracts on securities indices are referred to herein as “Index Futures.”
Certain futures contracts are physically settled (i.e., involve the making and taking of delivery of a specified amount of an underlying security or other asset). For instance, the sale of futures contracts on foreign currencies or financial instruments creates an obligation of the seller to deliver a specified quantity of an underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. Conversely, the purchase of such futures contracts creates an obligation of the purchaser to pay for and take delivery of the underlying foreign currency or financial instrument called for in the contract for a stated price at a specified time. In some cases, the specific instruments delivered or taken, respectively, on the settlement date are not determined until on or near that date. That determination is made in accordance with the rules of the exchange on which the sale or purchase was made. Some futures contracts are cash settled (rather than physically settled), which means that the purchase price is subtracted from the current market value of the instrument and the net amount, if positive, is paid to the purchaser by the seller of the futures contract and, if negative, is paid by the purchaser to the seller of the futures contract. In particular, Index Futures are agreements pursuant to which two parties agree to take or make delivery of an amount of cash equal to the difference between the value of a securities index at the close of the last trading day of the contract and the price at which the index contract was originally written. Although the value of a securities index might be a function of the value of certain specified securities, no physical delivery of these securities is made.
The purchase or sale of a futures contract differs from the purchase or sale of a security or option in that no price or premium is paid or received. Instead, an amount of cash, U.S. government securities, or other liquid assets equal in value to a percentage of the face amount of the futures contract must be deposited with the broker. This amount is known as initial margin. The amount of the initial margin is generally set by the market on which the contract is traded (margin requirements on foreign exchanges may be different than those on U.S. exchanges). Subsequent
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payments to and from the broker, known as variation margin, are made on a daily basis as the price of the underlying futures contract fluctuates, making the long and short positions in the futures contract more or less valuable, a process known as “marking to the market.” For futures contracts which are cash settled, the Funds may designate or segregate liquid assets in an amount equal to each Fund’s daily marked-to-market value of such contract. Prior to the settlement date of the futures contract, the position may be closed by taking an opposite position. A final determination of variation margin is then made, additional cash is required to be paid to or released by the broker, and the purchaser realizes a loss or gain. In addition, a commission is paid to the broker on each completed purchase and sale. Although some futures contracts call for making or taking delivery of the underlying securities, currencies, commodities or other underlying instrument, in most cases, futures contracts are closed before the settlement date without the making or taking of delivery by offsetting purchases or sales of matching futures contracts (i.e., with the same exchange, underlying financial instrument, currency, commodity, or index, and delivery month). If the price of the initial sale exceeds the price of the offsetting purchase, the seller is paid the difference and realizes a gain. Conversely, if the price of the offsetting purchase exceeds the price of the initial sale, the seller realizes a loss. Similarly, a purchase of a futures contract is closed out by selling a corresponding futures contract. If the offsetting sale price exceeds the original purchase price, the purchaser realizes a gain, and, if the original purchase price exceeds the offsetting sale price, the purchaser realizes a loss. Any transaction costs must also be included in these calculations. In the United States, futures contracts are traded only on commodity exchanges or boards of trade –known as “contract markets” – approved by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission (“CFTC”), and must be executed through a futures commission merchant or brokerage firm that is a member of the relevant market.
Index Futures . The Funds’ purchase and sale of Index Futures is limited to contracts and exchanges approved by the CFTC. The Funds may close open positions on an exchange on which Index Futures are traded at any time up to and including the expiration day. In general, all positions that remain open at the close of business on that day must be settled on the next business day (based on the value of the relevant index on the expiration day). Additional or different margin requirements as well as settlement procedures may apply to foreign stock Index Futures.
Interest Rate Futures . Each Fund may engage in transactions involving the use of futures on interest rates. These transactions may be in connection with investments in U.S. government securities and other fixed income securities.
Options on Futures Contracts. Options on futures contracts give the purchaser the right in return for the premium paid to assume a long position (in the case of a call option) or a short position (in the case of a put option) in a futures contract at the option exercise price at any time during the period of the option (in the case of an American style option) or on the expiration date (in the case of European style option). Upon exercise of a call option, the holder acquires a long position in the futures contract and the writer is assigned the opposite short position. In the case of a put option, the holder acquires a short position and the writer is assigned the opposite long position in the futures contract. Accordingly, in the event that an option is exercised, the parties will be subject to all the risks associated with the trading of futures contracts, such as payment of initial and variation margin deposits.
The Funds may use options on futures contracts in lieu of writing or buying options directly on the underlying securities or purchasing and selling the underlying futures contracts. For example, to hedge against a possible decrease in the value of its portfolio securities, the Funds may purchase put options or write call options on futures contracts rather than selling futures contracts. Similarly, the Funds may hedge against a possible increase in the price of securities the Funds expect to purchase by purchasing call options or writing put options on futures contracts rather than purchasing futures contracts. Options on futures contracts generally operate in the same manner as options purchased or written directly on the underlying investments.
Each Fund is also required to deposit and maintain margin with respect to put and call options on futures contracts written by it. Such margin deposits may vary depending on the nature of the underlying futures contract (and the related initial margin requirements), the current market value of the option, and other futures positions held by such Fund.
A position in an option on a futures contract may be terminated by the purchaser or seller prior to expiration by effecting a closing purchase or sale transaction, subject to the availability of a liquid secondary market, which is the
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purchase or sale of an option of the same type (i.e., the same exercise price and expiration date) as the option previously purchased or sold. The difference between the premiums paid and received represents each Fund’s profit or loss on the transaction.
Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions. Investment in futures contracts involves risk. A purchase or sale of futures contracts may result in losses in excess of the amount invested in the futures contract. If a futures contract is used for hedging, an imperfect correlation between movements in the price of the futures contract and the price of the security, currency, or other investment being hedged creates risk. Correlation is higher when the investment being hedged underlies the futures contract. Correlation is lower when the investment being hedged is different than the instrument underlying the futures contract, such as when a futures contract on an index of securities or commodities is used to hedge a single security or commodity, a futures contract on one security (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) or commodity (e.g., gold) is used to hedge a different security (e.g., a mortgage-backed security) or commodity (e.g., copper), or when a futures contract in one currency is used to hedge a security denominated in another currency. In the event of an imperfect correlation between a futures position and the portfolio position (or anticipated position) intended to be protected, the Funds may realize a loss on the futures contract and/or on the portfolio position intended to be protected. The risk of imperfect correlation generally tends to diminish as the maturity date of the futures contract approaches. To compensate for imperfect correlations, the Funds may purchase or sell futures contracts in a greater amount than the hedged investments if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically greater than the volatility of the futures contracts. Conversely, the Funds may purchase or sell fewer futures contracts if the volatility of the price of the hedged investments is historically less than that of the futures contract.
In the case of Index Futures and commodity futures on commodity indices, changes in the price of those futures contracts may not correlate perfectly with price movements in the relevant index due to market distortions. First, all participants in the futures market are subject to margin deposit and maintenance requirements. Rather than meeting margin calls, investors may close futures contracts through offsetting transactions which could distort normal correlations. Second, the margin deposit requirements in the futures market are less onerous than margin requirements in the securities market, resulting in more speculators who may cause temporary price distortions. Third, trading hours for foreign stock Index Futures may not correspond perfectly to the trading hours of the foreign exchange to which a particular foreign stock Index Future relates. As a result, the lack of continuous arbitrage may cause a disparity between the price of foreign stock Index Futures and the value of the relevant index.
Each Fund also may purchase futures contracts (or options on them) as an anticipatory hedge against a possible increase in the price of a currency in which securities the Funds anticipate purchasing is denominated. In such instances, the currency may instead decline. If the Funds do not then invest in those securities, the Funds may realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by a reduction in the price of the securities purchased.
Each Fund’s ability to engage in the futures and options on futures strategies described above depends on the liquidity of the markets in those instruments. Trading interest in various types of futures and options on futures cannot be predicted. Therefore, no assurance can be given that the Funds will be able to utilize these instruments effectively. In addition, there can be no assurance that a liquid market will exist at a time when the Funds seek to close out a futures or option on a futures contract position, and that the Funds would remain obligated to meet margin requirements until the position is closed. The liquidity of a secondary market in a futures contract may be adversely affected by “daily price fluctuation limits” established by commodity exchanges to limit the amount of fluctuation in a futures contract price during a single trading day. Once the daily limit has been reached, no trades of the contract may be entered at a price beyond the limit, thus preventing the liquidation of open futures positions. In the past, prices have exceeded the daily limit on several consecutive trading days. Short positions in Index Futures or commodity futures on commodities indices may be closed out only by purchasing a futures contract on the exchange on which the Index Futures or commodity futures, as applicable, are traded.
The successful use of futures contracts and related options for hedging and risk management also depends on the ability of the Adviser to forecast correctly the direction and extent of movements in exchange rates, interest rates, and securities or commodity prices within a given time frame. For example, to the extent the Funds invest in fixed
9
income securities and interest rates remain stable (or move in a direction opposite to that anticipated) during the period a futures contract or related option on those securities is held by the Funds, the Funds would realize a loss on the futures contract that is not offset by an increase in the value of its portfolio securities. As a result, each Fund’s total return would be less than if it had not used the futures.
As discussed above, Funds that purchases or sells a futures contract are only required to deposit initial and variation margin as required by relevant CFTC regulations and the rules of the contract market. Because the purchase of a futures contract obligates the Funds to purchase the underlying security or other instrument at a set price on a future date, the Funds’ net asset value will fluctuate with the value of the security or other instrument as if it were already in the Funds’ portfolio. Futures transactions have the effect of investment leverage to the extent the Funds do not maintain liquid assets equal to the face amount of the contract. If the Funds combine short and long positions, in addition to possible declines in the values of its investment securities, the Funds will incur losses if the index underlying the long futures position underperforms the index underlying the short futures position.
Each Fund’s ability to engage in futures and options on futures transactions also may be limited by tax considerations.
Additional Risk Associated with Commodity Futures Transactions. Several additional risks are associated with transactions in commodity futures contracts.
Storage Costs. The price of a commodity futures contract reflects the storage costs of purchasing the underlying commodity, including the time value of money invested in the commodity. To the extent that the storage costs change, the value of the futures contracts may change correspondingly.
Reinvestment Risk. In the commodity futures markets, producers of an underlying commodity may sell futures contracts to lock in the price of the commodity at delivery. To induce speculators to purchase the other side (the long side) of the contract, the commodity producer generally must sell the contract at a lower price than the expected futures spot price. Conversely, if most purchasers of the underlying commodity purchase futures contracts to hedge against a rise in commodity prices, then speculators will only sell the contract at a higher price than the expected future spot price of the commodity. The changing nature of the hedgers and speculators in the commodity markets will influence whether futures prices are above or below the expected futures spot price. As a result, when the Adviser reinvests the proceeds from a maturing contract, it may purchase a new futures contract at a higher or lower price than the expected futures spot prices of the maturing contract or choose to pursue other investments.
Additional Risks of Options on Securities, Futures Contracts, and Options on Futures Contracts Traded on Foreign Exchanges. Options on securities, futures contracts, options on futures contracts, and options on currencies may be traded on foreign exchanges. Such transactions may not be regulated as effectively as similar transactions in the United States (which are regulated by the CFTC) and may be subject to greater risks than trading on domestic exchanges. For example, some foreign exchanges may be principal markets so that no common clearing facility exists and a trader may look only to the broker for performance of the contract. The lack of a common clearing facility creates counterparty risk. If a counterparty defaults, the Funds normally will have contractual remedies against that counterparty, but may be unsuccessful in enforcing those remedies. When seeking to enforce a contractual remedy, the Funds also are subject to the risk that the parties may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently. If a dispute occurs, the cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Funds to enforce their contractual rights may lead the Funds to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The Funds thus assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under foreign futures contracts or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Funds have incurred the costs of litigation. In addition, unless the Funds hedge against fluctuations in the exchange rate between the U.S. dollar and the currencies in which trading is done on foreign exchanges, any profits that the Funds might realize in trading could be offset (or worse) by adverse changes in the exchange rate. ).
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Swap Contracts and Other Two-Party Contracts
Each Fund may use swap contracts (or “swaps”) and other two-party contracts for the same or similar purposes as options and futures.
Swap Contracts . Each Fund may directly or indirectly use various different types of swaps, such as swaps on securities and securities indices, interest rate swaps, currency swaps, credit default swaps, commodity swaps, inflation swaps, and other types of available swap agreements, depending on the Fund’s investment objective and policies. Swap contracts are two-party contracts entered into primarily by institutional investors for periods ranging from a few weeks to a number of years. Under a typical swap, one party may agree to pay a fixed rate or a floating rate determined by reference to a specified instrument, rate, or index, multiplied in each case by a specified amount (“notional amount”), while the other party agrees to pay an amount equal to a different floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. On each payment date, the parties’ obligations are netted, with only the net amount paid by one party to the other.
Swap contracts are typically individually negotiated and structured to provide exposure to a variety of different types of investments or market factors. Swap contracts may be entered into for hedging or non-hedging purposes and therefore may increase or decrease the Funds’ exposure to the underlying instrument, rate, asset or index. Swaps can take many different forms and are known by a variety of names. Each Fund is not limited to any particular form or variety of swap agreement if the Adviser determines it is consistent with the Fund’s investment objective and policies.
For example, the parties to a swap contract may agree to exchange returns calculated on a notional amount of a security, basket of securities, or securities index (e.g., S&P 500 Index). Each Fund may use such swaps to gain investment exposure to the underlying security or securities where direct ownership is either not legally possible or is economically unattractive. To the extent the total return of the security, basket of securities, or index underlying the transaction exceeds or falls short of the offsetting interest rate obligation, the Funds will receive a payment from or make a payment to the counterparty, respectively. In addition, the Funds may enter into an interest rate swap in order to protect against declines in the value of fixed income securities held by the Funds. In such an instance, the Funds may agree with a counterparty to pay a fixed rate (multiplied by a notional amount) and the counterparty pay a floating rate multiplied by the same notional amount. If interest rates rise, resulting in a diminution in the value of the Funds’ portfolio, the Funds would receive payments under the swap that would offset, in whole or in part, such diminution in value. The Funds may also enter into swaps to modify its exposure to particular currencies using currency swaps. For instance, the Funds may enter into a currency swap between the U.S. dollar and the Japanese Yen in order to increase or decrease its exposure to each such currency.
Each Fund may use inflation swaps, which involve commitments to pay a regular stream of inflation indexed cash payments in exchange for receiving a stream of nominal interest payments (or vice versa), where both payment streams are based on a notional amount. The nominal interest payments may be based on either a fixed interest rate or variable interest rate, such as LIBOR. Inflation swaps may be used to hedge the inflation risk in nominal bonds (i.e., non-inflation indexed bonds), thereby creating synthetic inflation indexed bonds, or combined with U.S. Treasury futures contracts to create synthetic inflation indexed bonds issued by the U.S. Treasury.
In addition, the Funds may directly or indirectly use credit default swaps to take an active long or short position with respect to the likelihood of default by corporate (including asset-backed security) or sovereign issuers. In a credit default swap, one party pays, in effect, an insurance premium through a stream of payments to another party in exchange for the right to receive a specified return in the event of default (or similar events) by one or more third parties on their obligations. For example, in purchasing a credit default swap, the Funds may pay a premium in return for the right to put specified bonds or loans to the counterparty, such as a U.S. or foreign issuer or basket of such issuers, upon issuer default (or similar events) at their par (or other agreed-upon) value. The Funds, as the purchaser in a credit default swap, bears the risk that the investment might expire worthless. It also would be subject to counterparty risk – the risk that the counterparty may fail to satisfy its payment obligations to the Funds in the event of a default (or similar event) (see “Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party
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Contracts” below). In addition, as a purchaser in a credit default swap, each Fund’s investment would only generate income in the event of an actual default (or similar event) by the issuer of the underlying obligation.
Each Fund also may use credit default swaps for investment purposes by selling a credit default swap, in which case the Fund will receive a premium from its counterparty in return for the Fund’s taking on the obligation to pay the par (or other agreed-upon) value to the counterparty upon issuer default (or similar events). As the seller in a credit default swap, the Funds effectively adds economic leverage to its portfolio because, in addition to its total net assets, the Funds are subject to investment exposure on the notional amount of the swap. If no event of default (or similar event) occurs, the Funds would keep the premium received from the counterparty and would have no payment obligations.
Contracts for Differences. Contracts for differences are swap arrangements in which the parties agree that their return (or loss) will be based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of securities. Often, one or both baskets will be an established securities index. Each Fund’s return will be based on changes in value of theoretical long futures positions in the securities comprising one basket (with an aggregate face value equal to the notional amount of the contract for differences) and theoretical short futures positions in the securities comprising the other basket. Each Fund also may use actual long and short futures positions and achieve similar market exposure by netting the payment obligations of the two contracts. The Funds will only enter into contracts for differences (and analogous futures positions) when the Adviser believes that the basket of securities constituting the long position will outperform the basket constituting the short position. If the short basket outperforms the long basket, the Funds will realize a loss -- even in circumstances when the securities in both the long and short baskets appreciate in value. In addition, the Funds may use contracts for differences that are based on the relative performance of two different groups or baskets of commodities. Often, one or both baskets is a commodities index. Contracts for differences on commodities operate in a similar manner to contracts for differences on securities described above.
Interest Rate Caps, Floors, and Collars. Each Fund may use interest rate caps, floors, and collars for the same or similar purposes as they use interest rate futures contracts and related options and, as a result, will be subject to similar risks. See “Options and Futures – Risk Factors in Options Transactions” and “– Risk Factors in Futures and Futures Options Transactions” above. Like interest rate swap contracts, interest rate caps, floors, and collars are two-party agreements in which the parties agree to pay or receive interest on a notional principal amount. The purchaser of an interest rate cap receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index exceeds a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate floor receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls below a specified interest rate. The purchaser of an interest rate collar receives interest payments from the seller to the extent that the return on a specified index falls outside the range of two specified interest rates.
Swaptions . An option on a swap agreement, also called a “swaption,” is an OTC option that gives the buyer the right, but not the obligation, to enter into a swap on a specified future date in exchange for paying a market-based premium. A receiver swaption gives the owner the right to receive the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a call option on a bond). A payer swaption gives the owner the right to pay the total return of a specified asset, reference rate, or index (such as a put option on a bond). Swaptions also include options that allow one of the counterparties to terminate or extend an existing swap.
Risk Factors in Swap Contracts, OTC Options, and Other Two-Party Contracts. The most significant factor in the performance of swaps, contracts for differences, caps, floors, and collars is the change in the value of the underlying price, rate, or index level that determines the amount of payments to be made under the arrangement. If the Adviser is incorrect in its forecasts of such factors, the investment performance of the Funds would be less than what it would have been if these investment techniques had not been used. If a swap or other two-party contract calls for payments by the Funds, the Funds must be prepared to make such payments when due. \
In addition, each Fund may only close out a swap, contract for differences, cap, floor, collar, or OTC option (including swaption) with its particular counterparty, and may only transfer a position with the consent of that
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counterparty. If the counterparty defaults, the Funds will have contractual remedies, but there can be no assurance that the counterparty will be able to meet its contractual obligations or that the Funds will succeed in enforcing its rights. For example, because the contract for each OTC derivatives transaction is individually negotiated with a specific counterparty, the Funds are subject to the risk that a counterparty may interpret contractual terms (e.g., the definition of default) differently than the Funds when the Funds seek to enforce its contractual rights. The cost and unpredictability of the legal proceedings required for the Funds to enforce its contractual rights may lead it to decide not to pursue its claims against the counterparty. The Funds, therefore, assumes the risk that it may be unable to obtain payments owed to it under an OTC derivatives contract or that those payments may be delayed or made only after the Funds have incurred the costs of litigation.
The Adviser monitors the creditworthiness of OTC derivatives counterparties. Typically, the Funds will enter into these transactions only with counterparties that, at the time they enter into a transaction, have long-term debt ratings of A or higher by Standard & Poor’s (“S&P”) or Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. (“Moody’s”) (or, if unrated, have comparable credit ratings as determined by the Adviser). Short-term derivatives may be entered into with counterparties that do not have long-term debt ratings if they have short-term debt ratings of A-1 by S&P and/or a comparable rating by Moody’s. The credit rating of a counterparty may be adversely affected by larger-than-average volatility in the markets, even if the counterparty’s net market exposure is small relative to its capital.
Additional Regulatory Limitations on the Use of Futures and Related Options, Interest Rate Floors, Caps and Collars, Certain Types of Swap Contracts and Related Instruments. The Funds have claimed an exclusion from the definition of “commodity pool operator” under the Commodity Exchange Act and, therefore, is not subject to registration or regulation as a pool operator under that Act.
Repurchase Agreements
Each Fund may enter into repurchase agreements with banks and broker-dealers. A repurchase agreement is a contract under which the Funds acquire a security (usually an obligation of the government in the jurisdiction where the transaction is initiated or in whose currency the agreement is denominated) for a relatively short period (usually less than a week) for cash and subject to the commitment of the seller to repurchase the security for an agreed-upon price on a specified date. The repurchase price exceeds the acquisition price and reflects an agreed-upon market rate unrelated to the coupon rate on the purchased security. Repurchase agreements afford the Funds the opportunity to earn a return on temporarily available cash without market risk, although the Funds do run the risk of a seller’s defaulting on its obligation to pay the repurchase price when it is required to do so. Such a default may subject the Funds to expenses, delays, and risks of loss including: (i) possible declines in the value of the underlying security while the Funds seek to enforce its rights, (ii) possible reduced levels of income and lack of access to income during this period, and (iii) the inability to enforce its rights and the expenses involved in attempted enforcement.
Reverse Repurchase Agreements
To the extent consistent with its investment policies, each Fund may borrow funds by selling portfolio securities to financial institutions such as banks and broker/dealers and agreeing to repurchase them at a mutually specified date and price (“reverse repurchase agreements”). The Funds may use the proceeds of reverse repurchase agreements to purchase other securities either maturing, or under an agreement to resell, on a date simultaneous with or prior to the expiration of the reverse repurchase agreement. Reverse repurchase agreements are considered to be borrowings under the 1940 Act. Reverse repurchase agreements involve the risk that the market value of the securities sold by the Fund may decline below the repurchase price. The Funds will pay interest on amounts obtained pursuant to a reverse repurchase agreement. While reverse repurchase agreements are outstanding, the Funds will segregate liquid assets in an amount at least equal to the market value of the securities, plus accrued interest, subject to the agreement.
Debt and Other Fixed Income Securities Generally
Debt and other fixed income securities include fixed and floating rate securities of any maturity. Fixed rate securities pay a specified rate of interest or dividends. Floating rate securities pay a rate that is adjusted periodically
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by reference to a specified index or market rate. Fixed and floating rate securities include securities issued by federal, state, local, and foreign governments and related agencies, and by a wide range of private issuers, and generally are referred to in this SAI as “fixed income securities.” Indexed bonds are a type of fixed income security whose principal value and/or interest rate is adjusted periodically according to a specified instrument, index, or other statistic (e.g., another security, inflation index, currency, or commodity).
Holders of fixed income securities are exposed to both market and credit risk. Market risk (or “interest rate risk”) relates to changes in a security’s value as a result of changes in interest rates. In general, the values of fixed income securities increase when interest rates fall and decrease when interest rates rise. Credit risk relates to the ability of an issuer to make payments of principal and interest. Obligations of issuers are subject to bankruptcy, insolvency and other laws that affect the rights and remedies of creditors. Fixed income securities denominated in foreign currencies also are subject to the risk of a decline in the value of the denominating currency.
Because interest rates vary, the future income of a Fund that invests in fixed income securities cannot be predicted with certainty. The future income of a Fund that invests in indexed securities also will be affected by changes in those securities’ indices over time (e.g., changes in inflation rates, currency rates, or commodity prices).
Cash and Other High Quality Investments
Each Fund may temporarily invest a portion of its assets in cash or cash items pending other investments or to maintain liquid assets required in connection with some of the Fund’s investments. These cash items and other high quality debt securities may include money market instruments, such as securities issued by the United States Government and its agencies, bankers’ acceptances, commercial paper, and bank certificates of deposit.
U.S. Government Securities and Foreign Government Securities
U.S. government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by the U.S. government or its authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities. Foreign government securities include securities issued or guaranteed by foreign governments (including political subdivisions) or their authorities, agencies, or instrumentalities or by supra-national agencies. Different kinds of U.S. government securities and foreign government securities have different kinds of government support. For example, some U.S. government securities (e.g., U.S. Treasury bonds) are supported by the full faith and credit of the United States. Other U.S. government securities are issued or guaranteed by federal agencies or government-chartered or -sponsored enterprises but are neither guaranteed nor insured by the U.S. government (e.g., debt securities issued by the Federal Home Loan Mortgage Corporation (“Freddie Mac”), Federal National Mortgage Association (“Fannie Mae”), and Federal Home Loan Banks (“FHLBs”)). Similarly, some foreign government securities are supported by the full faith and credit of a foreign national government or political subdivision and some are not. Foreign government securities of some countries may involve varying degrees of credit risk as a result of financial or political instability in those countries or the possible inability of the Funds to enforce its rights against the foreign government. As with issuers of other fixed income securities, sovereign issuers may be unable or unwilling to make timely principal or interest payments.
Supra-national agencies are agencies whose member nations make capital contributions to support the agencies’ activities. Examples include the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (the World Bank), the Asian Development Bank, the European Coal and Steel Community, and the Inter-American Development Bank.
As with other fixed income securities, U.S. government securities and foreign government securities expose their holders to market risk because their values typically change as interest rates fluctuate. For example, the value of U.S. government securities or foreign government securities may fall during times of rising interest rates. Yields on U.S. government securities and foreign government securities tend to be lower than those of corporate securities of comparable maturities.
In addition to investing directly in U.S. government securities and foreign government securities, each Fund may purchase certificates of accrual or similar instruments evidencing undivided ownership interests in interest payments
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and/or principal payments of U.S. government securities and foreign government securities. Certificates of accrual and similar instruments may be more volatile than other government securities.
Real Estate Investment Trusts and other Real Estate-Related Investments
Each Fund may invest in pooled real estate investment vehicles (so-called “real estate investment trusts” or “REITs”) and other real estate-related investments such as securities of companies principally engaged in the real estate industry. In addition to REITs, companies in the real estate industry and real estate-related investments may include, for example, entities that either own properties or make construction or mortgage loans, real estate developers, and companies with substantial real estate holdings. Each of these types of investments is subject to risks similar to those associated with direct ownership of real estate. Factors affecting real estate values include the supply of real property in certain markets, changes in zoning laws, delays in completion of construction, environmental liability risks, changes in real estate values, changes in property taxes and operating expenses, levels of occupancy, adequacy of rent to cover operating expenses, and local and regional markets for competing asset classes. The value of real estate also may be affected by changes in interest rates and social and economic trends.
REITs are pooled investment vehicles that invest in real estate or real estate-related companies. Each Fund may invest in different types of REITs, including equity REITs, which own real estate directly; mortgage REITs, which make construction, development, or long-term mortgage loans; and hybrid REITs, which share characteristics of equity REITs and mortgage REITs. In general, the value of a REIT’s shares changes in light of factors affecting the real estate industry. REITs are also subject to the risk of poor performance by the REIT’s manager, defaults by borrowers, self-liquidation, adverse changes in the tax laws, and, with regard to U.S. REITs, the risk of failing to qualify for tax-free pass-through of income under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 and/or to maintain exempt status under the 1940 Act. See “Taxation” below for a discussion of special tax considerations relating to a Fund’s investment in U.S. REITs.
Illiquid Securities, Private Placements, Restricted Securities, and IPOs and Other Limited Opportunities
Each Fund may invest up to 15% of its net assets in illiquid securities. For this purpose, “illiquid securities” are securities that the Fund may not sell or dispose of within seven days in the ordinary course of business at approximately the amount at which the Fund has valued the securities.
A repurchase agreement maturing in more than seven days is considered illiquid, unless it can be terminated after a notice period of seven days or less.
The Adviser also may deem certain securities to be illiquid as a result of the Adviser’s receipt from time to time of material, non-public information about an issuer, which may limit the Adviser’s ability to trade such securities for the account of any of its clients, including the Funds. In some instances, these trading restrictions could continue in effect for a substantial period of time.
As long as the SEC maintains the position that most swap contracts, caps, floors, and collars are illiquid, the Funds will continue to designate these instruments as illiquid unless the instrument includes a termination clause or has been determined to be liquid based on a case-by-case analysis pursuant to procedures approved by the Trustees.
Private Placements and Restricted Investments. Illiquid securities include securities of private issuers, securities traded in unregulated or shallow markets, and securities that are purchased in private placements and are subject to legal or contractual restrictions on resale. Because relatively few purchasers of these securities may exist, especially in the event of adverse market or economic conditions or adverse changes in the issuer’s financial condition, the Funds could have difficulty selling them when the Adviser believes it advisable to do so or may be able to sell them only at prices that are lower than if they were more widely held. Disposing of illiquid securities may involve time-consuming negotiation and legal expenses, and selling them promptly at an acceptable price may be difficult or impossible.
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While private placements may offer attractive opportunities not otherwise available in the open market, the securities purchased are usually “restricted securities” or are “not readily marketable.” Restricted securities cannot be sold without being registered under the Securities Act of 1933, unless they are sold pursuant to an exemption from registration (such as Rules 144 or 144A). Securities that are not readily marketable are subject to other legal or contractual restrictions on resale. The Funds may have to bear the expense of registering restricted securities for resale and the risk of substantial delay in effecting registration. The Funds may be deemed to be an “underwriter” for purposes of Section 11 of the Securities Act of 1933 when selling its securities in a registered offering. In such event, the Funds may be liable to purchasers of the securities under Section 11 if the registration statement prepared by the issuer, or the prospectus forming a part of it, is materially inaccurate or misleading, although the Funds may have a due diligence defense.
At times, the inability to sell illiquid securities can make it more difficult to determine their fair value for purposes of computing each Fund’s net asset value. The judgment of the Adviser normally plays a greater role in valuing these securities than in valuing publicly traded securities.
Investments in Other Investment Companies or Other Pooled Investments
Subject to applicable regulatory requirements, each Fund may invest in shares of both open- and closed-end investment companies (including money market funds and exchange-traded funds (“ETFs”)). Investing in another investment company exposes the Funds to all the risks of that investment company and, in general, subjects it to a pro rata portion of the other investment company’s fees and expenses. Each Fund also may invest in private investment funds, vehicles, or structures.
ETFs are hybrid investment companies that are registered as open-end investment companies or unit investment trusts (“UITs”) but possess some of the characteristics of closed-end funds. ETFs typically hold a portfolio of common stocks that is intended to track the price and dividend performance of a particular index. Common examples of ETFs include S&P Depositary Receipts (“SPDRs”) and iShares, which may be purchased from the UIT or investment company issuing the securities or in the secondary market (SPDRs are listed on the American Stock Exchange and iShares are listed on the New York Stock Exchange). The market price for ETF shares may be higher or lower than the ETF’s net asset value. The sale and redemption prices of ETF shares purchased from the issuer are based on the issuer’s net asset value.
Foreign Currency Transactions
To the extent consistent with its investment policies, each Fund may invest in forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts. No Fund, however, expects to engage in currency transactions for speculative purposes or for the purpose of hedging against declines in the value of a Fund’s assets that are denominated in a foreign currency. A Fund may enter into forward foreign currency exchange contracts and foreign currency futures contracts to facilitate local settlements or to protect against currency exposure in connection with its distributions to shareholders.
Foreign currency exchange contracts involve an obligation to purchase or sell a specified currency on a future date at a price set at the time of the contract. Forward currency contracts do not eliminate fluctuations in the values of portfolio securities but rather allow a Fund to establish a rate of exchange for a future point in time. Foreign currency futures contracts involve an obligation to deliver or acquire the specified amount of a specific currency, at a specified price and at a specified future time. Such futures contracts may be settled on a net cash payment basis rather than by the sale and delivery of the underlying currency. A Fund may incur costs in connection with forward foreign currency exchange and futures contracts and conversions of foreign currencies and U.S. dollars.
Liquid assets equal to the amount of a Fund’s assets that could be required to consummate forward contracts will be segregated except to the extent the contracts are otherwise “covered.” The segregated assets will be valued at market or fair value. If the market or fair value of such assets declines, additional liquid assets will be segregated daily so that the value of the segregated assets will equal the amount of such commitments by the Funds. A forward contract to sell a foreign currency is “covered” if a Fund owns the currency (or securities denominated in the currency)
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underlying the contract, or holds a forward contract (or call option) permitting the Fund to buy the same currency at a price that is (i) no higher than the Fund’s price to sell the currency or (ii) greater than the Fund’s price to sell the currency provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference. A forward contract to buy a foreign currency is “covered” if a Fund holds a forward contract (or call option) permitting the Fund to sell the same currency at a price that is (i) as high as or higher than the Fund’s price to buy the currency or (ii) lower than the Fund’s price to buy the currency provided the Fund segregates liquid assets in the amount of the difference.
Foreign Investments
Investment in foreign securities involves special risks. These include market risk, interest rate risk and the risks of investing in securities of foreign issuers and of companies whose securities are principally traded outside the United States on foreign exchanges or foreign over-the-counter markets and in investments denominated in foreign currencies. Market risk involves the possibility that stock prices will decline over short or even extended periods. The stock markets tend to be cyclical, with periods of generally rising prices and periods of generally declining prices. These cycles will affect the value of a Fund to the extent that it invests in foreign stocks. In addition, the performance of investments in securities denominated in a foreign currency will depend on the strength of the foreign currency against the U.S. dollar and the interest rate environment in the country issuing the currency. Absent other events which could otherwise affect the value of a foreign security (such as a change in the political climate or an issuer’s credit quality), appreciation in the value of the foreign currency generally can be expected to increase the value of a foreign currency-denominated security in terms of U.S. dollars. A rise in foreign interest rates or decline in the value of the foreign currency relative to the U.S. dollar generally can be expected to depress the value of a foreign currency-denominated security.
There are other risks and costs involved in investing in foreign securities, which are in addition to the usual risks inherent in domestic investments. Investment in foreign securities involves higher costs than investment in U.S. securities, including higher transaction and custody costs as well as the imposition of additional taxes by foreign governments. Foreign investments also involve risks associated with the level of currency exchange rates, less complete financial information about the issuers, less market liquidity, more market volatility and political instability. Future political and economic developments, the possible imposition of withholding taxes on dividend income, the possible seizure or nationalization of foreign holdings, the possible establishment of exchange controls, or the adoption of other governmental restrictions might adversely affect an investment in foreign securities. Additionally, foreign banks and foreign branches of domestic banks are subject to less stringent reserve requirements, and to different accounting, auditing and recordkeeping requirements. Also, the legal remedies for investors may be more limited than the remedies available in the U.S.
To the extent permitted by their investment policies, the Funds may invest their assets in countries with emerging economies or securities markets. These countries are located in the Asia and Pacific regions, the Middle East, Eastern Europe, Central America, South America and Africa. Political and economic structures in many of these countries may lack the social, political and economic stability characteristics of more developed countries. In general, the securities markets of these countries are less liquid, subject to greater price volatility, have smaller market capitalizations and have problems with securities registration and custody. As a result, the risks presented by investments in these countries are heightened. Additionally, settlement procedures in emerging countries are frequently less developed and reliable than those in the United States and may involve a Fund’s delivery of securities before receipt of payment for their sale. Settlement or registration problems may make it more difficult for the Fund to value its portfolio securities and more likely to have a portion of its assets uninvested or to incur losses due to the failure of a counterparty to pay for securities the Fund has delivered or the Fund’s inability to complete its contractual obligations.
Unanticipated political, economic or social developments may affect the value of a Fund’s investments in emerging market countries and the availability to a Fund of additional investments in these countries. Some of these countries may have in the past failed to recognize private property rights and may have at times nationalized or expropriated the assets of private companies. There have been occasional limitations on the movements of funds and other assets between different countries. The small size and inexperience of the securities markets in certain of such countries and the limited volume of trading in securities in those countries may make a Fund’s investments in such countries illiquid and more volatile than investments in Japan or most Western European countries, and a Fund may be
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required to establish special custodial or other arrangements before making certain investments in those countries. There may be little financial or accounting information available with respect to issuers located in certain of such countries, and it may be difficult as a result to assess the value or prospects of an investment in such issuers.
Although a Fund may invest in securities denominated in foreign currencies, its portfolio securities and other assets are valued in U.S. dollars. Currency exchange rates may fluctuate significantly over short periods of time causing, together with other factors, a Fund’s NAV to fluctuate as well. Currency exchange rates can be affected unpredictably by the intervention or the failure to intervene by U.S. or foreign governments or central banks, or by currency controls or political developments in the U.S. or abroad. To the extent that a Fund’s total assets, adjusted to reflect a Fund’s net position after giving effect to currency transactions, are denominated in the currencies of foreign countries, a Fund will be more susceptible to the risk of adverse economic and political developments within those countries.
A Fund also is subject to the possible imposition of exchange control regulations or freezes on the convertibility of currency. In addition, through the use of forward currency exchange contracts with other instruments, any net currency positions of the Funds may expose them to risks independent of their securities positions.
Dividends and interest payable on a Fund’s foreign portfolio securities may be subject to foreign withholding taxes. To the extent such taxes are not offset by credits or deductions allowed to investors under U.S. federal income tax law, they may reduce the net return to the shareholders. See “Taxation” on page [___].
The costs attributable to investing abroad usually are higher than investments in domestic securities for several reasons, such as the higher cost of investment research, higher costs of custody of foreign securities, higher commissions paid on comparable transactions on foreign markets and additional costs arising from delays in settlements of transactions involving foreign securities.
Tracking Variance
As discussed in the Prospectus, the Funds are subject to the risk of tracking variance. Tracking variance may result from share purchases and redemptions, transaction costs, expenses and other factors. Share purchases and redemptions may necessitate the purchase and sale of securities by a Fund and the resulting transaction costs which may be substantial because of the number and the characteristics of the securities held. In addition, transaction costs are incurred because sales of securities received in connection with spin-offs and other corporate reorganizations are made to conform a Fund’s holdings to its investment objective. Tracking variance also may occur due to factors such as the size of a Fund, the maintenance of a cash reserve pending investment or to meet expected redemptions, changes made in the Fund’s designated index or the manner in which the index is calculated or because the indexing and investment approach of the Adviser does not produce the intended goal of the Fund. Tracking variance is monitored by the Adviser at least quarterly. In the event the performance of a Fund is not comparable to the performance of its designated index, the Board of Trustees will evaluate the reasons for the deviation and the availability of corrective measures.
MANAGEMENT
Board of Trustees and Officers
As a Delaware trust, the business and affairs of the Trust are managed by its officers under the direction of its Board of Trustees. The Trustees set broad policies for the Trust and may appoint officers. The Board of Trustees oversees the performance of the Adviser and the Adviser and the Trust’s other service providers. Each Trustee serves until his or her successor is duly elected or appointed and qualified.
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[_______________] of the trustees of the Trust are officers and employees of the Adviser. Each of these Trustees is an “Interested Person” (as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act) of the Trust (“Interested Trustee”). The Trust’s other Trustees are not Interested Persons of the Trust (“Independent Trustees”).
The Funds are not part of a “fund complex” as defined in the 1940 Act. The name, age, address, principal occupations during the past five years with respect to each of the Trustees and officers of the Trust is set forth below, along with the other public directorships held by the Trustees.
Term of | ||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||
and | Other | |||||||||
Position(s) | Length |
Number of Portfolios in
|
Directorships
|
|||||||
Name, Address | Held with | of | Principal Occupation(s) During | Fund Complex by | Held by | |||||
and Age | Funds | Service |
Past 5 Years
|
Independent Trustees | Trustee | |||||
Interested
Trustee
|
||||||||||
Term of | ||||||||||
Office | ||||||||||
and | Other | |||||||||
Position(s) | Length |
Number
of Portfolios in
|
Directorships
|
|||||||
Name, Address | Held with | of | Principal Occupation(s) During | Fund Complex by | Held by | |||||
and Age | Funds | Service |
Past
5 Years
|
Independent Trustees | Trustee | |||||
Independent
Trustees
|
||||||||||
Bruno del Ama | Trustee | |||||||||
Equity Ownership of Trustees As of [__________], 2008, [_____] Shares, the only Shares issued, have been issued to [__________]. The Trustees and officers of the Trust own no Shares. The Adviser currently does not sponsor and the Trustees oversee no other registered investment companies.
C ommittees
The Board of Trustees currently has two standing committees: an Audit Committee and Corporate Governance, Nomination and Compensation Committee. Currently, each Independent Trustee serves on each of those committees.
The purposes of the Audit Committee are to assist the Board of Trustees in (1) its oversight of the Trust’s accounting and financial reporting principles and policies and related controls and procedures maintained by or on behalf of the Trust; (2) its oversight of the Trust’s financial statements and the independent audit thereof; (3) selecting, evaluating and, where deemed appropriate, replacing the independent accountants (or nominating the independent accountants to be proposed for shareholder approval in any proxy statement); and (4) evaluating the independence of the independent accountants.
The purposes of the Corporate Governance, Nomination and Compensation Committee are, among other things, to assist the Board of Trustees in (1) its assessment of the adequacy of the Board’s adherence to industry corporate governance best practices; (2) periodic evaluation of the operation of the Trust and meetings with management of the Trust concerning the Trust’s operations and the policies and procedures application to the Funds; (3) review, consideration and recommendation to the full Board regarding Independent Trustee compensation; (4) its
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identification and evaluation of potential candidates to fill a vacancy on the Board; and (5) selection from among potential candidates of a nominee to be presented to the full Board for its consideration.
Compensation of Trustees and Officers
Interested Trustees are not compensated by the Trust. The Trust pays each Independent Trustee [________] per year for attendance at meetings of the Board of Trustees, and the Chairperson of the Audit Committee is paid an additional [_____] per year. All Trustees are reimbursed for their travel expenses and other reasonable out-of-pocket expenses incurred in connection with attending Board meetings (these other expenses are subject to Board review to ensure that they are not excessive). The Trust does not accrue pension or retirement benefits as part of the Funds’ expenses, and Trustees are not entitled to benefits upon retirement from the Board of Trustees. The Trust’s officers receive no compensation directly from the Trust.
Prior to the Trust’s commencement of operations, no Trustee was compensated for his or her service as a Trustee. The table below shows the estimated compensation that is contemplated to be paid to Trustees for the Funds’ fiscal year ended [________], assuming a full fiscal year of operations for the fiscal year ended [_________]:
Aggregate | Pension or Retirement | Total | ||||
Compensation | Benefits Accrued as Part | Compensation | ||||
Name of Trustee | from Trust | of Fund Expenses | from Trust | |||
Interested Trustees
|
||||||
Bruno del Ama | ||||||
Independent Trustees
|
Codes of Ethics
The Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor each have adopted a code of ethics, as required by applicable law, which is designed to prevent affiliated persons of the Trust, the Adviser, and the Distributor from engaging in deceptive, manipulative or fraudulent activities in connection with securities held or to be acquired by the Funds (which may also be held by persons subject to a code of ethics). There can be no assurance that the codes of ethics will be effective in preventing such activities. The codes permit personnel subject to them to invest in securities, including securities that may be held or purchased by the Fund. The codes are on file with the SEC and are available to the public.
Proxy Voting Policies
The Boards of Trustees believe that the voting of proxies with respect to securities held by the Funds is an important element of the overall investment process. The Funds have delegated the responsibility to vote such proxies to the Adviser subject to the continuing oversight of the Boards of Trustees. The Adviser has a duty to vote or not vote such proxies in the best interests of each Fund and its shareholders, and to avoid the influence of conflicts of interest.
The policies and procedures used by the Adviser to determine how to vote certain proxies relating to portfolio securities are attached as Appendix [___]. Information on how the Funds voted proxies relating to portfolio securities during the most recent twelve-month period ended June 30 is available (1) without charge, upon request, by calling 1-888-843-7824 and (2) on the SEC’s website at www.sec.gov.
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CONTROL PERSONS AND PRINCIPAL HOLDERS OF SECURITIES
A control person is one who owns beneficially or through controlled companies more than 25% of the voting securities of the Funds or acknowledged the existence of control. As of the date of this SAI, the Funds could be deemed to be under control of [___________], which had voting authority with respect to 100% of the value of the outstanding interests in the Funds on such date. As a result, [__________] could have the ability to approve or reject those matters submitted to the shareholders of the Funds for their approval, including changes to the Funds’ fundamental policies and the election of Trustees. [__________] intends to sell its Shares to the public. It is expected that, once the Funds commence investment operations, [_____________] will not control the Funds.
INVESTMENT ADVISORY AND OTHER SERVICES
Adviser
The Adviser, Global X Management LLC, oversees the performance of the Funds and arranges for transfer agency, custody and all other services necessary for the Funds to operate, and exercises day-to-day oversight over the Funds’ service providers. The Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management of the investment portfolio of the Funds. These services are provided under the terms of an Investment Advisory Agreement dated [___________] (“Investment Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser receives an annual management fee equal to [___] of each Fund’s average net assets. The Adviser is a registered investment adviser and is located at 220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor New York, NY 10001.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser pays substantially all expenses of each Fund, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, distribution fees or expenses, fees and expenses of the independent trustees, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.
The Adviser and its affiliates deal, trade and invest for their own accounts in the types of securities in which the Funds also may invest. The Adviser does not use inside information in making investment decisions on behalf of the Fund.
The Investment Advisory Agreement remains in effect for two (2) years from its effective date and thereafter continues in effect for as long as its continuance is specifically approved at least annually, by (1) the Board of Trustees of the Trust, or by the vote of a majority (as defined in the 1940 Act) of the outstanding shares of each Fund, and (ii) by the vote of a majority of the Trustees of the Trust who are not parties to the Investment Advisory Agreement or interested persons of the Adviser, cast in person at a meeting called for the purpose of voting on such approval. The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that it may be terminated at any time without the payment of any penalty, by the Board of Trustees of the Trust or by vote of a majority of each Fund’s shareholders, on 60 calendar days written notice to the Adviser, and by the Adviser on the same notice to the Trust and that it shall be automatically terminated if it is assigned.
The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable to the Funds or their shareholders for anything other than willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties. The Investment Advisory Agreement also provides that the Adviser may engage in other businesses, devote time and attention to any other business whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, and render investment advisory services to others. The Funds are newly organized and as of the date of this SAI has not yet incurred any management fees under the Investment Advisory Agreement.
Custodian
[______________], located at [_____________], serves as Custodian of Funds’ assets. As Custodian, [___] has agreed to (1) make receipts and disbursements of money on behalf of the Funds, (2) collect and receive all income
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and other payments and distributions on account of the Funds’ portfolio investments, (3) respond to correspondence from shareholders, security brokers and others relating to its duties; and (4) make periodic reports to the Funds concerning the Funds’ operations. [_______________] does not exercise any supervisory function over the purchase and sale of securities. As compensation for these services, the Custodian receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its management fee.
Administrator and Transfer Agent
[_______________], located at [_________________], serves as Administrator and Transfer Agent to the Funds. As administrator, [__________________] provides the Funds with all required general administrative services, including, without limitation, office space, equipment, and personnel; clerical and general back office services; bookkeeping, internal accounting and secretarial services; the calculation of NAV; and the preparation and filing of all reports, registration statements, proxy statements and all other materials required to be filed or furnished by the Funds under federal and state securities laws. As compensation for these services, the Administrator receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its management fee.
As Transfer Agent, [_________________] has agreed to (1) issue and redeem shares of the Funds, (2) make dividend and other distributions to shareholders of the Funds, (3) respond to correspondence by Fund shareholders and others relating to its duties; (4) maintain shareholder accounts, and (5) make periodic reports to the Funds. As compensation for these services, the Transfer Agent receives certain out-of-pocket costs, transaction fees and asset-based fees which are accrued daily and paid monthly by the Adviser from its management fee.
PORTFOLIO MANAGER
[_______________], is primarily responsible for the day-to-day management of the Fund’s investments.
Portfolio Manager’s Compensation
The Adviser believes that its compensation program is competitively positioned to attract and retain high-caliber investment professionals. The compensation package for the portfolio manager consists of a base salary, an annual incentive bonus opportunity and a competitive benefits package. The portfolio manager’s salary compensation is designed to be competitive with the marketplace and reflect the portfolio manager’s relative experience and contribution to the Funds. Base salary compensation is reviewed and adjusted annually to reflect increases in the cost of living and market rates.
The annual incentive bonus opportunity provides cash bonuses based upon each Fund’s performance and individual contributions. Principal consideration is given to appropriate risk management, teamwork and investment support activities in determining the annual bonus amount. Performance is compared to various indices. Performance is examined over market cycles which are typically trailing one-year, three-year and five-year periods. [____________] is not compensated differently based on the performance of the Funds as compared to the performance of the other accounts discussed below.
The portfolio manager is eligible to participate in the Adviser’s standard employee benefits programs, which include a competitive 401(k) retirement savings program with employer match, a defined benefit pension plan, life insurance coverage and health and welfare programs.
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Other Accounts Managed by Portfolio Manager
The portfolio manager is responsible for multiple investment accounts, including other investment companies registered under the 1940 Act. As a general matter, certain conflicts of interest may arise in connection with the portfolio manager’s management of the Funds’ investments, on the one hand, and the investments of other accounts for which the portfolio manager is responsible, on the other. For example, it is possible that the various accounts managed could have different investment strategies that, at times, might conflict with one another to the possible detriment of the Funds. Alternatively, to the extent that the same investment opportunities might be desirable for more than one account, possible conflicts could arise in determining how to allocate them. Other potential conflicts might include conflicts created by specific portfolio manager compensation arrangements and conflicts relating to selection of brokers or dealers to execute the Funds’ trades. The Adviser has structured the portfolio manager’s compensation in a manner, and the Fund and the Adviser have adopted policies, procedures and a code of ethics, reasonably designed to safeguard the Fund from being negatively affected as a result of any such conflicts that may arise.
As of [_____________], [_____________] was responsible for the management of [__] other accounts with total assets of [___] billion, of which [___] accounts with substantially similar investment objectives and programs were subject to a performance fee. The account(s) subject to a performance fee had total assets of [___] as of [______________].
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION ABOUT THE UNDERLYING INDEX AND THE INDEX
ADMINISTRATOR
Based on its own proprietary model, [ ] has established specific defined characterization/inclusion/exclusion criteria governing the stocks that are included in each Underlying Index. Each Underlying Index is administered by [ ], the Index Administrator, and in that capacity has sole responsibility and authority for maintaining each Underlying Index and determining, in accordance with this objective criteria, which securities are to be added or removed from an Underlying Index. Each Underlying Index is compiled, maintained and calculated without regard to the Adviser or Distributor. The Index Administrator has no obligation to take the specific needs of the Advisor or Distributor into account in the determination and calculation of each Underlying Index. The Adviser will be responsible for the day-to-day management of each Fund’s portfolio, which involves principally reconfiguring the portfolio of each Fund, typically quarterly, to reflect any reconfiguration in the Underlying Index by the Index Administrator.
It is expected that each Underlying Index will be available through major market data vendors as a result of dissemination to the Consolidated Tape Association by [ ]. [ ] is not affiliated with the Trust, the Funds, the Adviser or the Distributor. Each Fund is entitled to use its respective Underlying Index pursuant to a licensing agreement with the [ ]. There is no charge to the Funds in connection with this licensing agreement.
PORTFOLIO TRANSACTIONS AND BROKERAGE
The Trust has no obligation to deal with any dealer or group of dealers in the execution of transactions in portfolio securities.
Subject to any policy established by Board of Trustees, the Adviser is primarily responsible for the investment decisions of the Funds and the placing of its portfolio transactions. In placing orders, it is the policy of the Funds to obtain the most favorable net results, taking into account various factors, including price, dealer spread or commission, if any, size of the transaction and difficulty of execution. While the Adviser generally seek reasonably competitive spreads or commissions, the Funds do not necessarily pay the lowest possible spread or commission. The Adviser may direct certain brokerage transactions, using best efforts, subject to obtaining best execution, to broker/dealers in connection with a commission recapture program used to defray fund expenses for the Funds.
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The Adviser generally deals directly with the dealers who make a market in the securities involved (unless better prices and execution are available elsewhere) if the securities are traded primarily in the over-the-counter market. Such dealers usually act as principals for their own account. On occasion, securities may be purchased directly from the issuer. In addition, the Adviser may effect certain “riskless principal” transactions through certain dealers in the over-the-counter market under which “commissions” are paid on such transactions. Bonds and money market securities are generally traded on a net basis and do not normally involve either brokerage commissions or transfer taxes.
While the Adviser seeks to obtain the most favorable net results in effecting transactions in each Fund’s portfolio securities, broker-dealers who provide investment research to the Adviser may receive orders for transactions from the Adviser. Such research services ordinarily consist of assessments and analyses of or affecting the business or prospects of a company, industry, economic sector or financial market. To the extent consistent with Section 28(e) of the 1934 Act, the Adviser may cause the Funds to pay a broker-dealer that provides “brokerage and research services” (as defined in the 1934 Act) to the Adviser an amount in respect of securities transactions for the Funds in excess of the amount that another broker-dealer would have charged in respect of that transaction. Information so received is in addition to and not in lieu of the services required that the Adviser must perform under the applicable investment advisory agreement. In circumstances where two or more broker-dealers are equally capable of providing best execution, the Adviser may, but is under no obligation to, choose the broker-dealer that provides superior research or analysis as determined by the Adviser in its sole discretion. The management fees paid by the Funds are not reduced because the Adviser, or their affiliates, receive these services even though they might otherwise be required to purchase some of these services for cash. Some of these services are of value to the Adviser, or their affiliates, in advising various of their clients (including the Funds), although not all of these services are necessarily useful and of value in managing the Funds.
To the extent that accounts managed by the Adviser are simultaneously engaged in the purchase of the same security as the Funds, then, as authorized by the Board of Trustees, available securities may be allocated to the Funds and other client account and may be averaged as to price in a manner determined by the Adviser to be fair and equitable. Such allocation and pricing may affect the amount of brokerage commissions paid by the Funds. In some cases, this system might adversely affect the price paid by the Funds (for example, during periods of rapidly rising or falling interest rates) or limit the size of the position obtainable for the Funds (for example, in the case of a small issue).
Accounts managed by the Adviser (or their affiliates) may hold securities held by the Funds. Because of different investment objectives or other factors, a particular security may be purchased by the Adviser for one client when one or more other clients are selling the same security.
DISCLOSURE OF PORTFOLIO HOLDINGS
The Board of Trustees has adopted a policy regarding the disclosure of information about the Funds’ portfolio securities. The Funds’ portfolio holdings are publicly disseminated each day the Funds are open for business through financial reporting and news services including publicly available internet web sites. In addition, a basket composition file, which includes the security names and share quantities required to be delivered in exchange for Fund shares, together with estimates and actual cash components, is publicly disseminated daily prior to the opening of the Exchange via the National Securities Clearing Corporation (“NSCC”). The basket represents one Creation Unit of the Fund.
INTRADAY INDICATIVE VALUE
The IIV is an approximate per-Share price of each Fund’s investments. The IIV of the Shares is disseminated every fifteen seconds throughout the trading day by the Exchange, or by other information providers, such as Reuters. The IIV should not be viewed as a “real-time” update of NAV because the IIV will be calculated by a pricing service and may not be calculated in the exact same manner as NAV, which is computed daily. The approximate value generally is determined by using both current market quotations and/or price quotations obtained from broker-
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dealers that may trade in the portfolio securities held by the Funds. The Funds are not involved in, or responsible for, the calculation or dissemination of the approximate value and makes no warranty as to its accuracy.
THE DISTRIBUTOR
[_______________], the Distributor, is located at [_________________]. The Distributor is a broker-dealer registered under the 1934 Act and a member of the FINRA.
GWM Group, Inc (GWM”) is an affiliate of the Adviser. GWM is registered as a broker-dealer with the Financial Industry Regulatory Authority (“FINRA”), and engages in securities dealing.
Shares will be continuously offered for sale by the Trust through the Distributor only in whole Creation Units, as described below under “Purchase and Redemption of Shares in Creation Units.” The Distributor also acts as an agent for the Trust. The Distributor will deliver a prospectus to persons purchasing Shares in Creation Units and will maintain records of both orders placed with it and confirmations of acceptance furnished by it. The Distributor has no role in determining the investment policies of the Funds or which securities are to be purchased or sold by the Funds.
The Board of Trustees of the Trust has adopted a Service and Distribution Plan pursuant to Rule 12b-1 under the 1940 Act. In accordance with its Rule 12b-1 plan, each Fund is authorized to pay an amount up to [__] of its average daily net assets each year for certain distribution-related activities.
No Rule 12b-1 fees are currently paid by the Funds, and there are no plans to impose these fees. However, in the event Rule 12b-1 fees are charged in the future, they will be paid out of each Fund’s assets. Over time they will increase the cost of your investment, and they may cost you more than certain other types of sales charges.
Under the Service and Distribution Plan, and as required by Rule 12b-1, the Trustees will receive and review after the end of each calendar quarter a written report provided by the Distributor of the amounts expended under the Plan and the purpose for which such expenditures were made.
The Service and Distribution Plan was adopted in order to permit the implementation of each Fund’s method of distribution. However, no such fee is currently charged to the Funds, and there are no plans in place to impose such a fee.
The Adviser and its affiliates may, out of their own resources, pay amounts to third parties for distribution or marketing services on behalf of the Fund. The making of these payments could create a conflict of interest for a financial intermediary receiving such payments.
ACCOUNTING AND LEGAL SERVICE PROVIDERS
Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
[______________], located at [_____________], serves as the independent registered public accounting firm to the Funds. [___________] provides audit services, tax return preparation and assistance and consultation in connection with certain SEC filings.
Legal Counsel
Dechert LLP, located at 1775 I Street, N.W., Washington, DC 2006-2401, serves as the Funds’ legal counsel.
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ADDITIONAL INFORMATION CONCERNING SHARES
Organization and Description of Shares of Beneficial Interest
The Trust is a Delaware statutory trust and registered investment company. The Trust was organized on December, [__], 2007 and has authorized capital of unlimited Shares of beneficial interest of no par value which may be issued in more than one class or series. Currently, the Trust consists of one actively managed, exchange-traded series. The Board of Trustees may designate additional series and classify shares of a particular series into one or more classes of that series.
Under Delaware law, the Trust is not required to hold an annual shareholders meeting if the 1940 Act does not require such a meeting. Generally, there will not be annual meetings of Trust shareholders. If requested by shareholders of at least 10% of the outstanding Share of the Trust, the Trust will call a meeting of each Fund’s shareholders for the purpose of voting upon the question of removal of a Trustee and will assist in communications with other Trust shareholders. Shareholders holding two-thirds of Shares outstanding may remove Trustees from office by votes cast at a meeting of Trust shareholders or by written consent.
All Shares will be freely transferable. Shares will not have preemptive rights or cumulative voting rights, and none of the Shares will have any preference to conversion, exchange, dividends, retirements, liquidation, redemption, or any other feature. Shares have equal voting rights, except that, if the Trust creates additional funds, in a matter affecting a particular fund, only Shares of that fund may be entitled to vote on the matter. Trust shareholders are entitled to require the Trust to redeem Creation Units if such shareholders are Authorized Participants. The Declaration of Trust confers upon the Board of Trustees the power, by resolution, to alter the number of Shares constituting a Creation Unit or to specify that Shares of the Trust may be individually redeemable. The Trust reserves the right to adjust the stock prices of Shares to maintain convenient trading ranges for investors. Any such adjustments would be accomplished through stock splits or reverse stock splits which would have no effect on the net assets of the Funds.
The Declaration of Trust of the Trust disclaims liability of the shareholders or the officers of the Trust for acts or obligations of the Trust which are binding only on the assets and property of the Trust. The Declaration of Trust provides for indemnification of the Trust’s property for all loss and expense of the Funds’ shareholders held personally liable for the obligations of the Trust. The risk of a Trust shareholder incurring financial loss on account of shareholder liability is limited to circumstances in which each Fund itself would not be able to meet the Trust’s obligations and this risk should be considered remote.
If the Funds do not grow to a size to permit it to be economically viable, the Funds may cease operations. In such an event, shareholders may be required to liquidate or transfer their Shares at an inopportune time and shareholders may lose money on their investment.
Book Entry Only System
DTC acts as securities depositary for Shares. Shares are registered in the name of the DTC or its nominee, [_______], and deposited with, or on behalf of, DTC. Except in limited circumstances set forth below, certificates will not be issued for Shares. DTC is a limited-purpose trust company that was created to hold securities of its participants (the DTC Participants) and to facilitate the clearance and settlement of securities transactions among the DTC Participants in such securities through electronic book-entry changes in accounts of the DTC Participants, thereby eliminating the need for physical movement of securities certificates. DTC Participants include securities brokers and dealers, banks, trust companies, clearing corporations and certain other organizations, some of whom (and/or their representatives) own DTC. More specifically, DTC is owned by a number of its DTC Participants and by the NYSE, the NYSE and the NASD. Access to the DTC system is also available to others such as banks, brokers, dealers, and trust companies that clear through or maintain a custodial relationship with a DTC Participant, either directly or indirectly (the “Indirect Participants”).
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Beneficial ownership of Shares is limited to DTC Participants, Indirect Participants, and persons holding interests through DTC Participants and Indirect Participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in Shares (owners of such beneficial interests are referred to herein as “Beneficial Owners”) is shown on, and the transfer of ownership is effected only through, records maintained by DTC (with respect to DTC Participants) and on the records of DTC Participants (with respect to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners that are not DTC Participants). Beneficial Owners will receive from or through the DTC Participant a written confirmation relating to their purchase of Shares.
The Funds recognizes DTC or its nominee as the record owner of all Shares for all purposes. Beneficial Owners of Shares are not entitled to have Share registered in their names, and will not receive or be entitled to physical delivery of share certificates. Each Beneficial Owner must rely on the procedures of DTC and any DTC Participant and/or Indirect Participant through which such Beneficial Owner holds its interests, to exercise any rights of a holder of Shares.
Conveyance of all notices, statements, and other communications to Beneficial Owners is effected as follows. DTC will make available to the Company upon request and for a fee a listing of the Share of the Funds held by each DTC Participant. The Trust shall obtain from each such DTC Participant the number of Beneficial Owners holding Shares directly or indirectly, through such DTC Participant. The Trust shall provide each such DTC Participant with copies of such notice, statement, or other communication, in such form, number and at such place as such DTC Participant may reasonably request, in order that such notice, statement or communication may be transmitted by such DTC Participant, directly or indirectly, to such Beneficial Owners. In addition, the Trust shall pay to each such DTC Participant a fair and reasonable amount as reimbursement for the expenses attendant to such transmittal, all subject to applicable statutory and regulatory requirements.
Share distributions shall be made to DTC or its nominee as the registered holder of all Shares. DTC or its nominee, upon receipt of any such distributions, shall credit immediately DTC Participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in Shares of the Funds as shown on the records of DTC or its nominee. Payments by DTC Participants to Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners of Share held through such DTC Participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with securities held for the accounts of customers in bearer form or registered in a “street name,” and will be the responsibility of such DTC Participants.
The Trust has no responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or notices to Beneficial Owners, or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in such Shares, or for maintaining, supervising, or reviewing any records relating to such beneficial ownership interests, or for any other aspect of the relationship between DTC and the DTC Participants or the relationship between such DTC Participants and the Indirect Participants and Beneficial Owners owning through such DTC Participants.
DTC may determine to discontinue providing its service with respect to Shares at any time by giving reasonable notice to the Trust and discharging its responsibilities with respect thereto under applicable law. Under such circumstances, the Trust shall take action either to find a replacement for DTC to perform its functions at a comparable cost or, if such replacement is unavailable, to issue and deliver printed certificates representing ownership of Shares unless the Trust makes other arrangements with respect thereto satisfactory to the Exchange (or such other exchange on which Shares may be listed).
PURCHASE AND REDEMPTION OF SHARES IN CREATION UNITS
Each Fund issues and sells Shares only in Creation Units on a continuous basis through the Distributor, without a sales load, at their net asset value next determined after receipt, on any Business Day, of an order in proper form. The Funds will not issue fractional Creation Units. A Business Day is any day on which the Exchange is open for business
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Fund Deposit
The consideration for purchase of a Creation Unit from the Funds generally consists of the in kind deposit of a designated portfolio of equity securities (the Deposit Securities) per each Creation Unit Aggregation constituting a substantial replication of the stocks included in each Fund’s portfolio holdings and an amount of cash (the Cash Component) consisting of a Balancing Amount (described below) and a Transaction Fee (also described below). Together, the Deposit Securities and the Cash Component constitute the Fund Deposit.
The Balancing Amount is an amount equal to the difference between the net asset value (NAV) of a Creation Unit and the market value of the Deposit Securities (the “Deposit Amount”). It ensures that the NAV of a Fund Deposit (not including the Transaction Fee) is identical to the NAV of the Creation Unit it is used to purchase. If the Balancing Amount is a positive number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit exceeds the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the purchaser to a Fund in cash. If the Balancing Amount is a negative number (i.e., the NAV per Creation Unit is less than the market value of the Deposit Securities), then that amount will be paid by the Fund to the purchaser in cash (except as offset by the Transaction Fee, described below).
The Trust, through the NSCC (discussed below), makes available on each Business Day, immediately prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time), a list of the names and the required number of shares of each Deposit Security to be included in the current Fund Deposit for each Fund (based on information at the end of the previous Business Day). The Fund Deposit is applicable, subject to any adjustments as described below, in order to effect purchases of Creation Units of a Fund until such time as the next-announced Fund Deposit composition is made available. The Funds reserve the right to accept a nonconforming Fund Deposit.
The identity and number of shares of the Deposit Securities required for a Fund Deposit may change to reflect rebalancing adjustments and corporate actions by the Funds, or in response to adjustments to the weighting or composition of the component stocks of the Underlying Index. In addition, the Trust reserves the right to permit or require the substitution of an amount of cash—i.e., a “cash in lieu” amount— to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security that may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery, may not be eligible for transfer through the Clearing Process (discussed below), or may not be eligible for trading by a Participating Organization (as defined below) or the investor for which a Participating Organization is acting. Brokerage commissions incurred in connection with acquisition of Deposit Securities not eligible for transfer through the systems of DTC and hence not eligible for transfer through the Clearing Process (discussed below) will be an expense of the Funds. However, the Adviser, subject to the approval of the Board of Trustees, may adjust the Transaction Fee (described below) to protect existing shareholders from this expense.
In addition to the list of names and numbers of securities constituting the current Deposit Securities, the Trust, through the NSCC, also makes available on each Business Day, the estimated Cash Component, effective through and including the previous Business Day, per outstanding Creation Unit of each Fund. All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the appropriate Fund, and the Fund’s determination shall be final and binding.
Procedures for the Creation of Creation Units
To be eligible to place orders with the Distributor and to purchase Creation Units from each Fund, you must be (i) a Participating Organization, i.e., a broker dealer or other participant in the clearing process through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC (the “Clearing Process”), a clearing agency that is registered with the SEC, or (ii) a DTC Participant, and in each case, must have executed an agreement with the Distributor governing the purchase and redemption of Creation Units (the Participant Agreement). A Participating Organization and DTC Participant are collectively referred to as an “Authorized Participant.” Investors should contact the Distributor for the names of Authorized Participants that have signed a Participation Agreement. Shares, however created, will be entered on the records of DTC in the name of [____________] for the account of a DTC Participant.
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All orders to create Creation Unit Aggregations, whether through the Clearing Process (through a Participating Party) or outside the Clearing Process (through a DTC Participant), must be received by the Distributor no later than the closing time of the regular trading session on the Exchange(“Closing Time”) (ordinarily 4:00 p.m., Eastern time) in each case on the date such order is placed in order for creation of Creation Unit Aggregations to be effected based on the NAV of Shares of a Fund as next determined on such date after receipt of the order in proper form. In the case of custom orders, the order must be received by the Distributor no later than 3:00 p.m. Eastern Time on the trade date. A custom order may be placed by an Authorized Participant in the event that the Trust permits or requires the substitution of an amount of cash to be added to the Cash Component to replace any Deposit Security which may not be available in sufficient quantity for delivery or which may not be eligible for trading by such Authorized Participant or the investor for which it is acting or other relevant reason. The date on which an order to create Creation Unit Aggregations (or an order to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations, as discussed below) is placed is referred to as the “Transmittal Date.” Orders must be transmitted by an Authorized Participant by telephone or other transmission method acceptable to the Distributor pursuant to procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement, as described below (see the Placement of Creation Orders Using Clearing Process and the Placement of Creation Orders Outside Clearing Process sections). Severe economic or market disruptions or changes, or telephone or other communication failure may impede the ability to reach the Distributor or an Authorized Participant.
All orders from investors who are not Authorized Participants to create Creation Unit Aggregations shall be placed with an Authorized Participant, as applicable, in the form required by such Authorized Participant. In addition, the Authorized Participant may request the investor to make certain representations or enter into agreements with respect to the order, e.g., to provide for payments of cash, when required. Investors should be aware that their particular broker may not have executed a Participant Agreement and that, therefore, orders to create Creation Unit Aggregations of the Funds have to be placed by the investor’s broker through an Authorized Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement. In such cases there may be additional charges to such investor. At any given time, there may be only a limited number of broker-dealers that have executed a Participant Agreement. Those placing orders for Creation Unit Aggregations through the Clearing Process should afford sufficient time to permit proper submission of the order to the Distributor prior to the Closing Time on the Transmittal Date. Orders for Creation Unit Aggregations that are effected outside the Clearing Process are likely to require transmittal by the DTC Participant earlier on the Transmittal Date than orders effected using the Clearing Process. Those persons placing orders outside the Clearing Process should ascertain the deadlines applicable to DTC and the Federal Reserve Bank wire system by contacting the operations department of the broker or depository institution effectuating such transfer of Deposit Securities and Cash Component.
Placement of Creation Orders Using Clearing Process . The Clearing Process is the process of creating or redeeming Creation Unit Aggregations through the Continuous Net Settlement System of the NSCC. Fund Deposits made through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed a Participant Agreement. The Participant Agreement authorizes the Distributor to transmit through the Custodian to NSCC, on behalf of the Participating Party, such trade instructions as are necessary to effect the Participating Party’s creation order. Pursuant to such trade instructions to NSCC, the Participating Party agrees to deliver the requisite Deposit Securities and the Cash Component to the Trust, together with such additional information as may be required by the Distributor. An order to create Creation Unit Aggregations through the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date, and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed.
Placement of Creation Orders Outside Clearing Process . Fund Deposits made outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed a Participant Agreement with the Distributor. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order creating Creation Unit Aggregations to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that the creation of Creation Unit Aggregations will instead be effected through a transfer of securities and cash directly through DTC. The Fund Deposit transfer must be ordered by the DTC Participant on the Transmittal Date in a timely fashion so as to ensure the delivery of the requisite number of Deposit Securities through DTC to the account of the Funds by no later than 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, of the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date.
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All questions as to the number of Deposit Securities to be delivered, and the validity, form and eligibility (including time of receipt) for the deposit of any tendered securities, will be determined by the Trust, whose determination shall be final and binding. The amount of cash equal to the Cash Component must be transferred directly to the Custodian through the Federal Reserve Bank wire transfer system in a timely manner so as to be received by the Custodian no later than 2:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the next Business Day immediately following such Transmittal Date. An order to create Creation Unit Aggregations outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Distributor on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Distributor not later than the Closing Time on such Transmittal Date; and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. However, if the Custodian does not receive both the required Deposit Securities and the Cash Component by 11:00 a.m. and 2:00 p.m., respectively, on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date, such order will be canceled. Upon written notice to the Distributor, such canceled order may be resubmitted the following Business Day using a Fund Deposit as newly constituted to reflect the then current Deposit Securities and Cash Component. The delivery of Creation Unit Aggregations so created will occur no later than the third (3rd) Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Additional transaction fees may be imposed with respect to transactions effected outside the Clearing Process (through a DTC participant) and in the limited circumstances in which any cash can be used in lieu of Deposit Securities to create Creation Units. (See Creation Transaction Fee section below).
Creation Unit Aggregations may be created in advance of receipt by the Trust of all or a portion of the applicable Deposit Securities as described below. In these circumstances, the initial deposit will have a value greater than the NAV of a Fund Shares on the date the order is placed in proper form since, in addition to available Deposit Securities, cash must be deposited in an amount equal to the sum of (i) the Cash Component, plus (ii) 105% of the market value of the undelivered Deposit Securities (the “Additional Cash Deposit”). The order shall be deemed to be received on the Business Day on which the order is placed provided that the order is placed in proper form prior to 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such date, and federal funds in the appropriate amount are deposited with the Custodian by 11:00 a.m., Eastern time, the following Business Day. If the order is not placed in proper form by 4:00 p.m. or federal funds in the appropriate amount are not received by 11:00 a.m. the next Business Day, then the order may be deemed to be canceled and the Authorized Participant shall be liable to a Fund for losses, if any, resulting therefrom. An additional amount of cash shall be required to be deposited with the Trust, pending delivery of the missing Deposit Securities to the extent necessary to maintain the Additional Cash Deposit with the Trust in an amount at least equal to 115% of the daily marked to market value of the missing Deposit Securities. To the extent that missing Deposit Securities are not received by 1:00 p.m., Eastern time, on the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor or in the event a marked-to-market payment is not made within one Business Day following notification by the Distributor that such a payment is required, the Trust may use the cash on deposit to purchase the missing Deposit Securities. Authorized Participants will be liable to the Trust a Fund for the costs incurred by the Trust in connection with any such purchases. These costs will be deemed to include the amount by which the actual purchase price of the Deposit Securities exceeds the market value of such Deposit Securities on the day the purchase order was deemed received by the Distributor plus the brokerage and related transaction costs associated with such purchases. The Trust will return any unused portion of the Additional Cash Deposit once all of the missing Deposit Securities have been properly received by the Custodian or purchased by the Trust and deposited into the Trust. In addition, a transaction fee, as listed below, will be charged in all cases. The delivery of Creation Unit Aggregations so created will occur no later than the third Business Day following the day on which the purchase order is deemed received by the Distributor.
Acceptance of Orders for Creation Unit Aggregations . The Trust reserves the absolute right to reject a creation order transmitted to it by the Distributor in respect of a Fund if: (i) the order is not in proper form; (ii) the investor(s), upon obtaining the Fund Shares ordered, would own 80% or more of the currently outstanding shares of any Fund; (iii) the Deposit Securities delivered are not as disseminated for that date by the Custodian, as described above; (iv) acceptance of the Deposit Securities would have certain adverse tax consequences to the Fund; (v) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would, in the opinion of counsel, be unlawful; (vi) acceptance of the Fund Deposit would otherwise, in the discretion of the Trust or the Adviser, have an adverse effect on the Trust or the rights of beneficial owners; or (vii) in the event that circumstances outside the control of the Trust, the Custodian, the Distributor and the Adviser
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make it, for all practical purposes, impossible to process creation orders. Examples of such circumstances include acts of God; public service or utility problems such as fires, floods, extreme weather conditions and power outages resulting in telephone, telecopy and computer failures; market conditions or activities causing trading halts; systems failures involving computer or other information systems affecting the Trust, the Adviser, the Distributor, DTC, NSCC, the Custodian or sub-custodian or any other participant in the creation process, and similar extraordinary events. The Distributor shall notify a prospective creator of a Creation Unit and/or the Authorized Participant acting on behalf of such prospective creator of its rejection of the order of such person. The Trust, the Custodian, any sub-custodian and the Distributor are under no duty, however, to give notification of any defects or irregularities in the delivery of Fund Deposits nor shall any of them incur any liability for the failure to give any such notification.
All questions as to the number of shares of each security in the Deposit Securities and the validity, form, eligibility, and acceptance for deposit of any securities to be delivered shall be determined by the Trust, and the Trust’s determination shall be final and binding.
Creation Transaction Fee. To compensate the Trust for transfer and other transaction costs involved in creation transactions through the Clearing Process, investors will be required to pay a fixed creation transaction fee, described below, payable to the Trust regardless of the number of creations made each day, An additional charge of up to three (3) times the fixed transaction fee (expressed as a percentage of the value of the Deposit Securities) may be imposed for (i) creations effected outside the Clearing Process; and (ii) cash creations (to offset the Trust’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with using cash to purchase the requisite Deposit Securities). Investors are responsible for the costs of transferring the securities constituting the Deposit Securities to the account of the Trust.
The Standard Creation/Redemption Transaction Fee for each Fund will be [__]. The Maximum Creation/Redemption Transaction Fee for each Fund will be [___].
Redemption of Fund Shares in Creation Units Aggregations. Fund Shares may be redeemed only in Creation Unit Aggregations at their NAV next determined after receipt of a redemption request in proper form by a Fund through the Transfer Agent and only on a Business Day. A Fund will not redeem Shares in amounts less than Creation Unit Aggregations. Beneficial owners must accumulate enough Shares in the secondary market to constitute a Creation Unit Aggregation in order to have such Shares redeemed by the Trust. There can be no assurance, however, that there will be sufficient liquidity in the public trading market at any time to permit assembly of a Creation Unit Aggregation. Investors should expect to incur brokerage and other costs in connection with assembling a sufficient number of Fund Shares to constitute a redeemable Creation Unit Aggregation.
The Custodian, through the NSCC, makes available prior to the opening of business on the Exchange (currently 9:30 a.m., Eastern time) on each Business Day, the identity of the Fund Securities that will be applicable (subject to possible amendment or correction) to redemption requests received in proper form (as described below) on that day. Fund Securities received on redemption may not be identical to Deposit Securities that are applicable to creations of Creation Unit Aggregations.
Unless cash redemptions are available or specified for a Fund, the redemption proceeds for a Creation Unit Aggregation generally consist of Fund Securities, as announced on the Business Day of the request for redemption received in proper form, plus or minus cash in an amount equal to the difference between the NAV of the Fund Shares being redeemed, as next determined after a receipt of a request in proper form, and the value of the Fund Securities (the “Cash Redemption Amount”), less a redemption transaction fee as listed below. In the event that the Fund Securities have a value greater than the NAV of the Fund Shares, a compensating cash payment equal to the difference is required to be made by or through an Authorized Participant by the redeeming shareholder.
The right of redemption may be suspended or the date of payment postponed (i) for any period during which the Exchange is closed (other than customary weekend and holiday closings); (ii) for any period during which trading on the Exchange is suspended or restricted; (iii) for any period during which an emergency exists as a result of
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which disposal of the shares of a Fund or determination of the Fund’s NAV is not reasonably practicable; or (iv) in such other circumstances as is permitted by the SEC.
Redemption Transaction Fee. A redemption transaction fee is imposed to offset transfer and other transaction costs that may be incurred by a Fund. An additional variable charge for cash redemptions (when cash redemptions are available or specified) for a Fund may be imposed. Investors will also bear the costs of transferring the Fund Securities from the Trust to their account or on their order. Investors who use the services of a broker or other such intermediary in addition to an Authorized Participant to effect a redemption of a Creation Unit Aggregation may be charged an additional fee for such services. The redemption transaction fees for a Fund are the same as the creation fees set forth above.
Placement of Redemption Orders Using Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations through the Clearing Process must be delivered through a Participating Party that has executed the Participant Agreement. An order to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations using the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, on such Transmittal Date, and (ii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed; such order will be effected based on the NAV of the relevant Fund as next determined. An order to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations using the Clearing Process made in proper form but received by the Trust after 4:00 p.m., Eastern time, will be deemed received on the next Business Day immediately following the Transmittal Date and will be effected at the NAV next determined on such next Business Day. The requisite Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount will be transferred by the third NSCC Business Day following the date on which such request for redemption is deemed received.
Placement of Redemption Orders Outside Clearing Process. Orders to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations outside the Clearing Process must be delivered through a DTC Participant that has executed the Participant Agreement. A DTC Participant who wishes to place an order for redemption of Creation Unit Aggregations to be effected outside the Clearing Process does not need to be a Participating Party, but such orders must state that the DTC Participant is not using the Clearing Process and that redemption of Creation Unit Aggregations will instead be effected through transfer of Fund Shares directly through DTC. An order to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations outside the Clearing Process is deemed received by the Trust on the Transmittal Date if (i) such order is received by the Transfer Agent not later than 4:00 p.m., Eastern time on such Transmittal Date; (ii) such order is accompanied or followed by the requisite number of Shares of the Fund, which delivery must be made through DTC to the Custodian no later than 11:00 a.m., Eastern time (for the Fund Shares) on the next Business Day immediately following such Transmittal Date (the “DTC Cut-Off-Time”) and 2:00 p.m., Eastern Time for any Cash Component, if any, owed to the Fund; and (iii) all other procedures set forth in the Participant Agreement are properly followed. After the Trust has deemed an order for redemption outside the Clearing Process received, the Trust will initiate procedures to transfer the requisite Fund Securities which are expected to be delivered within three Business Days and the Cash Redemption Amount, if any, owed to the redeeming Beneficial Owner to the Authorized Participant on behalf of the redeeming Beneficial Owner by the third Business Day following the Transmittal Date on which such redemption order is deemed received by the Trust.
The calculation of the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received upon redemption will be made by the Custodian according to the procedures set forth under Determination of NAV computed on the Business Day on which a redemption order is deemed received by the Trust. Therefore, if a redemption order in proper form is submitted to the Transfer Agent by a DTC Participant not later than Closing Time on the Transmittal Date, and the requisite number of Shares of the Fund are delivered to the Custodian prior to the DTC Cut-Off-Time, then the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be determined by the Custodian on such Transmittal Date. If, however, either (i) the requisite number of Shares of the relevant Fund are not delivered by the DTC Cut-Off-Time, as described above, or (ii) the redemption order is not submitted in proper form, then the redemption order will not be deemed received as of the Transmittal Date. In such case, the value of the Fund Securities and the Cash Redemption Amount to be delivered/received will be computed on the Business Day following the Transmittal Date provided that the Fund
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Shares of the relevant Fund are delivered through DTC to the Custodian by 11:00 a.m. the following Business Day pursuant to a properly submitted redemption order.
If it is not possible to effect deliveries of the Fund Securities, the Trust may in its discretion exercise its option to redeem such Fund Shares in cash, and the redeeming Beneficial Owner will be required to receive its redemption proceeds in cash. In addition, an investor may request a redemption in cash that the Fund may, in its sole discretion, permit. In either case, the investor will receive a cash payment equal to the NAV of its Fund Shares based on the NAV of Shares of the relevant Fund next determined after the redemption request is received in proper form (minus a redemption transaction fee and additional charge for requested cash redemptions specified above, to offset the Fund’s brokerage and other transaction costs associated with the disposition of Fund Securities). A Fund may also, in its sole discretion, upon request of a shareholder, provide such redeemer a portfolio of securities that differs from the exact composition of the Fund Securities, or cash in lieu of some securities added to the Cash Component, but in no event will the total value of the securities delivered and the cash transmitted differ from the NAV. Redemptions of Fund Shares for Fund Securities will be subject to compliance with applicable federal and state securities laws and the Fund (whether or not it otherwise permits cash redemptions) reserves the right to redeem Creation Unit Aggregations for cash to the extent that the Trust could not lawfully deliver specific Fund Securities upon redemptions or could not do so without first registering the Fund Securities under such laws. An Authorized Participant or an investor for which it is acting subject to a legal restriction with respect to a particular stock included in the Fund Securities applicable to the redemption of a Creation Unit Aggregation may be paid an equivalent amount of cash. The Authorized Participant may request the redeeming Beneficial Owner of the Fund Shares to complete an order form or to enter into agreements with respect to such matters as compensating cash payment, beneficial ownership of shares or delivery instructions.
DETERMINATION OF NET ASSET VALUE
The net asset value, or NAV, of Shares is calculated each business day as of the close of regular trading on the Exchange, generally 4:00 p.m., Eastern time. NAV per Share is computed by dividing the net assets by the number of Shares outstanding.
TAXATION
The following supplements the tax information contained in the Prospectus.
For federal income tax purposes, each Fund is treated as a separate corporate entity and has elected and intends to continue to qualify as a regulated investment company under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (the “Code”). Such qualification generally relieves the Fund of liability for federal income taxes to the extent its earnings are distributed in accordance with applicable requirements. If, for any reason, a Fund does not qualify for a taxable year for the special federal tax treatment afforded regulated investment companies, the Fund would be subject to federal tax on all of its taxable income at regular corporate rates, without any deduction for dividends to shareholders. In such event, dividend distributions would be taxable as ordinary income to shareholders to the extent of such Fund’s current and accumulated earnings and profits and would be eligible for the dividends received deduction available in some circumstances to corporate shareholders. Moreover, if a Fund were to fail to make sufficient distributions in a year, the Fund would be subject to corporate income taxes and/or excise taxes in respect of the shortfall or, if the shortfall is large enough, the Fund could be disqualified as a regulated investment company.
A 4% non-deductible excise tax is imposed on regulated investment companies that fail to currently distribute an amount equal to specified percentages of their ordinary taxable income and capital gain net income (excess of capital gains over capital losses), if any. Each Fund intends to make sufficient distributions or deemed distributions of their ordinary taxable income and any capital gain net income prior to the end of each calendar year to avoid liability for this excise tax.
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Dividends declared in October, November or December of any year payable to shareholders of record on a specified date in such months will be deemed to have been received by shareholders and paid by the Fund on December 31 of such year if such dividends are actually paid during January of the following year.
The tax principles applicable to transactions in financial instruments and futures contacts and options that may be engaged in by each Fund and investments in passive foreign investment companies (“PFICs”) are complex and, in some cases, uncertain. Such transactions and investments may cause a Fund to recognize taxable income prior to the receipt of cash, thereby requiring the Fund to liquidate other positions or to borrow money so as to make sufficient distributions to shareholders to avoid corporate-level tax. Moreover, some or all of the taxable income recognized may be ordinary income or short-term capital gain, so that the distributions may be taxable to Shareholders as ordinary income. In addition, in the case of any shares of a PFIC in which a Fund invests, the Fund may be liable for corporate-level tax on any ultimate gain or distributions on the shares if the Fund fails to make an election to recognize income annually during the period of its ownership of the PFIC shares.
Special rules govern the federal income tax treatment of certain transactions denominated in a currency other than the U.S. dollar or determined by reference to the value of one or more currencies other than the U.S. dollar. The types of transactions covered by the special rules include the following: (1) the acquisition of, or becoming the obligor under, a bond or other debt instrument (including, to the extent provided in Treasury regulations, preferred stock); (2) the accruing of certain trade receivables and payables; and (3) the entering into or acquisition of any forward contract, futures contract, option, or similar financial instrument if such instrument is not marked to market. The disposition of a currency other than the U.S. dollar by a taxpayer whose functional currency is the U.S. dollar is also treated as a transaction subject to the special currency rules. However, foreign currency-related regulated futures contracts and non-equity options are generally not subject to the special currency rules if they are or would be treated as sold for their fair market value at year-end under the marking-to-market rules applicable to other futures contracts unless an election is made to have such currency rules apply. With respect to transactions covered by the special rules, foreign currency gain or loss is calculated separately from any gain or loss on the underlying transaction and is normally taxable as ordinary income or loss. A taxpayer may elect to treat as capital gain or loss foreign currency gain or loss arising from certain identified forward contracts, futures contracts, and options that are capital assets in the hands of the taxpayer and which are not part of a straddle. The Treasury Department issued regulations under which certain transactions subject to the special currency rules that are part of a “Section 988 hedging transaction” will be integrated and treated as a single transaction or otherwise treated consistently for purposes of the Code. Any gain or loss attributable to the foreign currency component of a transaction engaged in by a Fund which is not subject to the special currency rules (such as foreign equity investments other than certain preferred stocks) will be treated as capital gain or loss and will not be segregated from the gain or loss on the underlying transaction.
Each Fund will be required in certain cases to withhold “backup withholding” on taxable dividends or gross proceeds realized upon sale paid to shareholders who have failed to provide a correct tax identification number in the manner required, who are subject to withholding by the Internal Revenue Service for failure properly to include on their return payments of taxable interest or dividends, or who have failed to certify to the Fund when required to do so either that they are not subject to backup withholding or that they are “exempt recipients.” Backup withholding is not an additional tax and any amounts withheld may be credited against a shareholder’s ultimate federal income tax liability if proper documentation is provided. If a Fund holds more than 50% of their assets in foreign stock and securities at the close of their taxable year, the Fund may elect to “pass through” to the Funds’ shareholders foreign income taxes paid. If a Fund so elects, shareholders will be required to treat their pro rata portion of the foreign income taxes paid by the Fund as part of the amounts distributed to them and thus includable in their gross income for federal income tax purposes. Shareholders who itemize deductions would then be allowed to claim a deduction or credit (but not both) on their federal income tax returns for such amounts, subject to certain limitations. Shareholders who do not itemize deductions would (subject to such limitations) be able to claim a credit but not a deduction. No deduction will be permitted to individuals in computing their alternative minimum tax liability. If a Fund does not qualify or elect to pass through to the Fund’s shareholders foreign income taxes paid, shareholders will not be able to claim any deduction or credit for any part of the foreign income taxes paid by the Fund.
34
The foregoing discussion is based on federal tax laws and regulations which are in effect on the date of this SAI; such laws and regulations may be changed by legislative or administrative action. Shareholders are advised to consult their tax advisers concerning their specific situations and the application of state, local and foreign taxes.
OTHER INFORMATION
The Funds are not sponsored, endorsed, sold or promoted by the Exchange. The Exchange makes no representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of Shares of the Funds or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in a Fund particularly or the ability of a Fund to achieve its objective. The Exchange has no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the Funds.
For purposes of the 1940 Act, Shares are issued by a registered investment company and purchases of such Shares by investment companies and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act are subject to the restrictions set forth in Section 12(d)(1) of the 1940 Act, except as permitted by an exemptive order that permits registered investment companies to invest in Shares beyond the limits in Section 12(d)(1)(A), subject to certain terms and conditions, including that the registered investment company and companies relying on Section 3(c)(1) or 3(c)(7) of the 1940 Act enter into an agreement with the Trust regarding the terms of the investment.
The Trust has obtained an SEC order permitting registered investment companies to invest in Shares as described above. One such condition stated in the order is that registered investment companies relying on the order must enter into a written agreement with the Trust.
35
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GLOBAL X FUNDS
[ ] Index Fund
FORM OF STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
[ ][], 2008
ASSETS | |
Cash | $ |
Receivable from Adviser | |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ |
LIABILITIES | |
Payable for Organization Costs | $ |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ |
Net assets | $ |
Analysis of Net Assets: | |
Paid-in Capital on shares of capital stock | $ |
Net asset value (NAV) per share, $ | $ |
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
36
GLOBAL X FUNDS
[ ] Index Fund
FORM OF STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
[ ][], 2008*
INVESTMENT INCOME |
--
|
EXPENSES | |
Organizational Costs | $ [] |
Reimbursement of Organizational Costs by Adviser | $ ([]) |
NET EXPENSES |
--
|
NET INVESTMENT INCOME | $ -- |
* The Trust was organized on [ ].
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
37
FORM OF FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
GLOBAL X FUNDS
[ ] Index Fund
FORM OF STATEMENT OF ASSETS AND LIABILITIES
[ ][], 2008
ASSETS | |
Cash | $ |
Receivable from Adviser | |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ |
LIABILITIES | |
Payable for Organization Costs | $ |
TOTAL LIABILITIES | $ |
Net assets | $ |
Analysis of Net Assets: | |
Paid-in Capital on shares of capital stock | $ |
Net asset value (NAV) per share, $ | $ |
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
38
GLOBAL X FUNDS
[ ] Index Fund
FORM OF STATEMENT OF OPERATIONS
[ ][], 2008*
INVESTMENT INCOME |
--
|
|
EXPENSES | ||
Organizational Costs | $ [] | |
Reimbursement of Organizational Costs by Adviser | $ ([]) | |
NET EXPENSES |
--
|
|
NET INVESTMENT INCOME | $ -- |
* The Trust was organized on [ ].
See accompanying notes to financial statements.
39
GLOBAL X FUNDS
FORM OF NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
1. Organization
Global X Funds, a Delaware statutory trust (the “Trust”), was formed on [ ], and has authorized capital of unlimited shares of beneficial interest. The Trust has had no operations to date other than matters relating to its organization and registration as a diversified, open-end management investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (“1940 Act”), and the sale and issuance to [ ] (“Initial Purchaser”), of [ ] shares of beneficial interest (“Shares”) at an aggregate purchase price of [ ] in the [ ] Index Fund and the [ ] Index Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively, the “Funds”).
2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Use of Estimates and Indemnifications
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U.S. requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in these financial statements. Actual results could differ from those estimates.
In the normal course of business the Trust enters into contracts that contain a variety of representations which provide general indemnifications. The Trust’s maximum exposure under these arrangements cannot be known; however, the Trust expects any risk of loss to be remote.
Federal Income Tax
The Funds intend to qualify as a “regulated investment company” under Subchapter M of the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended. If so qualified, the Fund will not be subject to federal income tax to the extent it distributes substantially all of its net investment income and capital gains to shareholders.
3. Agreements
Investment Advisory Agreement
Global X Management Company LLC. (“Adviser”), oversees the performance of the Funds and arranges for transfer agency, custody and all other services necessary for the Funds to operate, and exercises day-to-day oversight over the Funds’ service providers. The Adviser is responsible for overseeing the management of the investment portfolio of the Funds. These services are provided under the terms of an Investment Advisory Agreement dated [________] (“Investment Advisory Agreement”) between the Trust and the Adviser, pursuant to which the Adviser receives an annual management fee equal to [___] of each Fund’s average net assets.
Pursuant to the Advisory Agreement, the Adviser pays substantially all expenses of the Trust, including the cost of transfer agency, custody, fund administration, legal, audit and other services, except interest expenses, brokerage commissions and other trading expenses, distribution fees or expenses, fees and expenses of the independent trustees, taxes and other extraordinary costs such as litigation and other expenses not incurred in the ordinary course of business.
The Investment Advisory Agreement provides that the Adviser shall not be liable to a Fund or its shareholders for anything other than willful misfeasance, bad faith, gross negligence or reckless disregard of its obligations or duties. The Investment Advisory Agreement also provides that the Adviser may engage in other businesses, devote time and attention to any other business whether of a similar or dissimilar nature, and render investment advisory services to others.
40
Distribution
[____________]. serves as the Funds’ distributor.
Administrator, Transfer Agent and Custodian
[ ], is the administrator and transfer agent for the Funds.
[____________] is the custodian for the Funds.
4. Organizational Costs
The Adviser has agreed to assume the Trust’s organization costs for the period included in this audit.
5. Capital
The Funds issues and redeems Shares on a continuous basis at net asset value (“NAV”) per Share in groups of [_________] Shares called “Creation Units.”
6. Related Parties
At [____________], certain officers of the Trust were also employees of the Adviser.
41
FORM OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM REPORT
To the Board of Trustees of Global X Funds and Shareholders of [ ] Index Fund and [ ] Index Fund:
We have audited the accompanying statement of assets and liabilities of [ ] Index Fund and [ ] Index Fund (each a “Fund” and collectively, the Funds”) (the initial portfolios of Global X Funds), as of [______________] and the related statement of operations for the period ended [_____________]. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Funds’ management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board of Trustees (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. We were not engaged to perform an audit of the Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Our audit included consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of each Fund’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, and evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of [ ] Index Fund and [ ] Index Fund at [____________] and the results of its operations for the period ended [________] in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Signature: __________________ |
Location: [] |
Date: [] |
42
PART C
OTHER INFORMATION
Item 23. Exhibits
(a) |
(1) |
Certificate of Trust dated as of March 6, 2008 is filed herewith. |
(2) |
Declaration of Trust. * |
|
(b) |
|
By-laws of the Registrant.* |
(c) |
|
Not Applicable. |
(d) |
|
Form of Investment Advisory Agreement. * |
(e) |
|
Form of Distribution Agreement. * |
(f) |
|
Not Applicable. |
(g) |
|
Form of Custodian Agreement. * |
(h) |
|
Form of Administration and Transfer Agent Agreement. * |
(i) |
|
Opinion and Consent of Dechert LLP. * |
(j) |
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm. * |
(k) |
|
Not Applicable |
(l) |
|
Form of Initial Capital Agreement * |
(m) |
|
Form of Distribution and Service Plan * |
(n) |
|
Not applicable |
(o) |
|
Not applicable |
(p) |
(1) |
Code of Ethics of Global X Funds * |
(2) |
Code of Ethics of Global X Management Company LLC * |
|
(3) |
Code of Ethics of Distributor * |
* To be filed by amendment.
Item 24. Persons Controlled by or Under Common Control with the Fund
None.
Item 25. Indemnification
To be filed by amendment.
Item 26. Business and Other Connections of the Investment Adviser
Global X Management Company LLC serves as investment adviser to the Funds and provides investment supervisory services. Information as to the officers and directors of Global X Management Company LLC is included in its Form ADV last filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC File No. 801-69093) and is incorporated herein by reference.
Item 27. Principal Underwriters
To be filed by amendment.
Item 28. Location of Accounts and Records
All accounts, books, and other documents required to be maintained by Section 31(a) of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules promulgated thereunder are maintained at the offices of the: (a) Registrant; (b) Investment Adviser; (c) Principal Underwriter; (d) Administrator/Transfer Agent and (e) Custodian. The address of each is as follows:
(a) |
Registrant |
Global X Funds |
|
220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor | |
New York, NY 10001 |
|
(b) |
Investment Adviser |
Global X Management Company LLC |
|
220 Fifth Avenue, 20th Floor | |
New York, NY 10001 |
|
(c) |
Principal Underwriter |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
(d) |
Administrator and Transfer Agent |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
(e) |
Custodian |
To be filed by amendment. |
|
Item 29. Management Services
Not Applicable.
Item 30. Undertakings
Registrant hereby undertakes to file an amendment to its registration statement with certified financial statements showing the initial capital received before accepting subscriptions from more than 25 persons pursuant to Section 14(a)(3) of the Investment Company Act of 1940.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and the Investment Company Act of 1940, the Registrant has duly caused this Registration Statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized, in the City of New York, and State of New York, on the 17th day of June 2008.
Global X Funds | ||
By: | /s/ Bruno del Ama | |
Bruno
del Ama, Sole Trustee and Principal
Executive Officer |
||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Act of 1933, the Registration Statement has been signed below by the following person(s) in the capacities and on the date(s) indicated.
Signature | /s/ Bruno del Ama | |
Bruno del Ama | ||
Title | Principal Executive Officer, Principal Financial Officer, Principal Accounting Officer and | |
Sole Trustee | ||
Date | June 17, 2008 |
EXHIBIT LIST
(a) | (1) | Certificate of Trust |
CERTIFICATE OF TRUST
of
Global X Funds
This Certificate of Trust has been duly executed and is being filed in order to form a statutory trust pursuant to the Delaware Statutory Trust Act (12 Del. C. §3801 et seq.).
FIRST: The name of the statutory trust formed hereby is “Global X Funds” (“Trust”).
SECOND: The Trust is, or will become prior to or within 180 days following the first issuance of its beneficial interests, a registered investment company under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (15 U.S.C. §§ 80a-1 et seq.).
THIRD: The address of the registered office of the Trust in the State of Delaware is c/o The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware, 19801.
FOURTH: The name and address of the Trust’s registered agent for service of process in the State of Delaware are The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street, Wilmington, New Castle County, Delaware, 19801.
FIFTH: Notice is hereby given that the Trust shall consist of one or more series. As provided in the governing instrument of the Trust, the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to a particular series shall be enforceable against the assets of such series only, and not against the assets of the Trust generally or any other series thereof, and none of the debts, liabilities, obligations and expenses incurred, contracted for or otherwise existing with respect to the Trust generally that have not been allocated to a specified series, or with respect to any other series, shall be enforceable against the assets of such specified series.
SIXTH: This Certificate of Trust shall be effective upon filing in the Office of the Secretary of State of the State of Delaware.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned being the sole initial trustee of the Trust, has duly executed this Certificate of Trust as of this 6th day of March, 2008.
Global X Funds | |
By: | /s/ Bruno del Ama |
Bruno del Ama
|
|
Trustee |