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THE GABELLI GLOBAL GOLD, NATURAL RESOURCES & INCOME TRUST
Exhibit 1- 77(Q)1(a)
THE GABELLI GLOBAL GOLD, NATURAL RESOURCES & INCOME TRUST THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED
AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION OF TRUST
THIRD AMENDED AND RESTATED AGREEMENT AND DECLARATION
OF TRUST made as of the ____ day of February 2011, by the
Trustees hereunder, and by the holders of shares of beneficial
interest issued hereunder as hereinafter provided.
WHEREAS, the Trustees desire to amend and restate the
Second Amended and Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust
last amended the 26th day of February 2009 in its entirety
pursuant to its Section 7.3;
WHEREAS, this Trust has been formed to carry on
business as set forth more particularly hereinafter;
WHEREAS, this Trust is authorized to issue an
unlimited number of its shares of beneficial interest all in
accordance with the provisions hereinafter set forth;
WHEREAS, the Trustees have agreed to manage all
property coming into their hands as Trustees of a Delaware
statutory trust in accordance with the provisions hereinafter
set forth; and
WHEREAS, the parties hereto intend that the Trust
created by its initial Agreement and Declaration of Trust and
the Certificate of Trust filed with the Secretary of State of
the State of Delaware on January 4, 2005 shall constitute a
statutory trust under the Delaware Statutory Trust Statute and
that this Declaration shall constitute the governing instrument
of such statutory trust.
NOW, THEREFORE, the Trustees hereby declare that they
will hold all cash, securities, and other assets which they may
from time to time acquire in any manner as Trustees hereunder IN
TRUST to manage and dispose of the same upon the following terms
and conditions for the benefit of the holders from time to time
of shares of beneficial interest in this Trust as hereinafter
set forth.
ARTICLE I
THE TRUST
1.1Name. This Trust shall be known as the "The Gabelli Global Gold,
Natural Resources & Income Trust" and the Trustees shall conduct the
business of the Trust
under that name or any other name or names as they may from time to
time determine.
1.2 Definitions. As used in this Declaration, the following terms
shall have the
following meanings:
The terms "Affiliated Person", "Assignment",
"Commission", "Interested Person" and "Principal Underwriter"
shall have the meanings given them in the 1940 Act.
"By-Laws" shall mean the By-Laws of the Trust as
amended from time to time by the Trustees.
"Code" shall mean the Internal Revenue Code of 1986,
as amended, and the regulations promulgated thereunder.
"Commission" shall mean the Securities and Exchange
Commission.
"Declaration" shall mean this Third Amended and
Restated Agreement and Declaration of Trust, as amended or
amended and restated from time to time, including by way of any
classifying or reclassifying Shares of any class or any series
of any such class or determining any designations, powers,
preferences, voting, conversion and other rights, limitations,
qualifications and terms and conditions thereof.
"Delaware Statutory Trust Statute" shall mean the
provisions of the Delaware Statutory Trust Act, 12 Del. C.
Section 3801, et. seq., as such Act may be amended from time to
time.
"Person" shall mean and include natural persons,
corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability companies,
associations, joint ventures and other entities, whether or not
legal entities, and governments and agencies and political
subdivisions thereof.
"Prospectus" shall mean the currently effective
Prospectus of the Trust, if any, under the Securities Act of
1933, as amended.
"Shareholders" shall mean as of any particular time
the holders of record of outstanding Shares of the Trust at such
time.
"Shares" shall mean the transferable units of
beneficial interest into which the beneficial interest in the
Trust shall be divided from time to time and includes fractions
of Shares as well as whole Shares. All references to Shares
shall be deemed to be Shares of any or all or series thereof as
the context may require.
"Trust" shall mean the trust established by this
Declaration, as amended from time to time, inclusive of each
such amendment.
"Trustees" shall mean the signatory to this
Declaration, so long as he shall continue in office in
accordance with the terms hereof, and all other persons who at
the time in question have been duly elected or appointed and
have qualified as trustees in accordance with the provisions
hereof and are then in office.
"Trust Property" shall mean as of any particular time
any and all property, real or personal, tangible or intangible,
which at such time is owned or held by or for the account of the
Trust or the Trustees in such capacity.
The "1933 Act" refers to the Securities Act of 1933
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and
applicable exemptions therefrom covering the Trust and its
affiliated persons, as amended from time to time.
The "1940 Act" refers to the Investment Company Act of
1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder and
applicable exemptions granted therefrom, as amended from time to
time.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
2.1 Number and Qualification. Prior to a public offering of Shares, there
may
be a sole Trustee and thereafter the number of Trustees shall be such
number, not less than three,
as shall be set forth in a written instrument signed or adopted by a
majority of the Trustees then
in office. No reduction in the number of Trustees shall have the effect
of removing any Trustee
from office prior to the expiration of his term. An individual nominated
as a Trustee shall be at
least 21 years of age and not older than such age as shall be set forth
in a written instrument
signed or adopted by not less than two-thirds of the Trustees then in
office, shall not be under
legal disability and shall meet any additional qualifications as may be
provided for in the By-
Laws. Trustees need not own Shares and may succeed themselves in office.
2.2 Term and Election . The Board of Trustees shall
be divided into three classes. Within the limits specified in
Section 2.1, the number of the Trustees in each class shall be
determined by resolution of the Board of Trustees. The initial
term of office of the first class shall expire on the date of
the first annual meeting of Shareholders or special meeting in
lieu thereof. The initial term of office of the second class
shall expire on the date of the second annual meeting of
Shareholders or special meeting in lieu thereof. The initial
term of office of the third class shall expire on the date of
the third annual meeting of Shareholders or special meeting in
lieu thereof. Upon expiration of the initial term of office of
each class as set forth above and the expiration of each
subsequent term of office of such class, the term of Trustees of
such class shall be three years and until his or her successor
shall have been elected and shall have qualified or until his or
her earlier resignation, removal, incompetence, incapacitation
or death.
2.3 Resignation and Removal . Any Trustee may resign
his trust (without need for prior or subsequent accounting) by
an instrument in writing signed by him and delivered or mailed
to the Chairman, if any, the President or the Secretary and such
resignation shall be effective upon such delivery, or at a later
date provided in such instrument. Any Trustee may be removed
(provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal
shall not be less than the number required by Section 2.1
hereof) for cause at any time by written instrument, signed by a
majority of the remaining Trustees, specifying the date when
such removal shall become effective. Any Trustee may be removed
(provided the aggregate number of Trustees after such removal
shall not be less than the minimum number required by Section
2.1 hereof) without cause at any time by a written instrument,
signed or adopted by two-thirds of the remaining Trustees or by
vote of Shares having not less than two-thirds of the aggregate
number of Shares entitled to vote in the election of such
Trustee, specifying the date when such removal shall become
effective. Upon the resignation or removal of a Trustee, or such
persons otherwise ceasing to be a Trustee, such persons shall
execute and deliver such documents as the remaining Trustees
shall require for the purpose of conveying to the Trust or the
remaining Trustees any Trust Property held in the name of the
resigning or removed Trustee. Upon the incapacity or death of
any Trustee, such Trustee's legal representative shall execute
and deliver on such Trustee's behalf such documents as the
remaining Trustees shall require as provided in the preceding
sentence.
2.4 Vacancies . The term of office of a Trustee shall
terminate and a vacancy shall occur in the event of the removal,
resignation, incompetence or other incapacity to perform the
duties of the office, or death, of a Trustee. Whenever a vacancy
in the Board of Trustees shall occur, the remaining Trustees may
fill such vacancy by appointing an individual having the
qualifications described in this Article by a written instrument
signed or adopted by a majority of the Trustees then in office
or by election by the Shareholders, or may leave such vacancy
unfilled or may reduce the number of Trustees (provided the
aggregate number of Trustees after such reduction shall not be
less than the minimum number required by Section 2.1 hereof).
Any vacancy created by an increase in Trustees may be filled by
the appointment of an individual having the qualifications
described in this Article by a majority of the Trustees then in
office or by election by the Shareholders. No vacancy shall
operate to annul this Declaration or to revoke any existing
agency created pursuant to the terms of this Declaration.
Whenever a vacancy in the number of Trustees shall occur, until
such vacancy is filled as provided herein, the Trustees in
office, regardless of their number, shall have all the powers
granted to the Trustees and shall discharge all the duties
imposed upon the Trustees by this Declaration.
2.5 Meetings . Meetings of the Trustees shall be held
from time to time upon the call of the Chairman, if any, the
President, the Secretary or any two Trustees. Regular meetings
of the Trustees may be held without call or notice at a time and
place fixed by the By-Laws or by resolution of the Trustees.
Notice of any other meeting shall be mailed or, to the extent
permitted by applicable law, transmitted by electronic mail or
other form of legally permissible electronic transmission not
less than 48 hours before the meeting or otherwise actually
delivered orally or in writing not less than 24 hours before the
meeting, but may be waived in writing by any Trustee either
before or after such meeting. The attendance of a Trustee at a
meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting
except where a Trustee attends a meeting for the express purpose
of objecting to the transaction of any business on the ground
that the meeting has not been lawfully called or convened. The
Trustees may act with or without a meeting. A quorum for all
meetings of the Trustees shall be one-third of the Trustees then
in office. Unless provided otherwise in this Declaration of
Trust, any action of the Trustees may be taken at a meeting by
vote of a majority of the Trustees present (a quorum being
present) or without a meeting by written consent of a majority
of the Trustees or such other proportion as shall be specified
herein for action at a meeting at which all Trustees then in
office are present.
Any committee of the Trustees, including an executive
committee, if any, may act with or without a meeting. A quorum
for all meetings of any such committee shall be a majority of
the members thereof. Unless provided otherwise in this
Declaration, any action of any such committee may be taken at a
meeting by vote of a majority of the members present (a quorum
being present) or without a meeting by written consent of a
majority of the members or such other proportion as shall be
specified herein for action at a meeting at which all committee
members are present.
With respect to actions of the Trustees and any
committee of the Trustees, Trustees who are Interested Persons
in any action to be taken may be counted for quorum purposes
under this Section and shall be entitled to vote to the extent
not prohibited by the 1940 Act.
All or any one or more Trustees may participate in a
meeting of the Trustees or any committee thereof by means of a
conference telephone or similar communications equipment by
means of which all persons participating in the meeting can hear
each other; participation in a meeting pursuant to any such
communications system shall constitute presence in person at
such meeting except as otherwise provided by the 1940 Act.
The Trustees may elect a Chairman of the Board of
Trustees, who shall not, in his or her capacity as such, be an
officer of the Trust and who shall serve at the pleasure of the
Trustees.
2.6 Officers . The Trustees shall elect a President,
a Secretary and a Treasurer who shall serve at the pleasure of
the Trustees or until their successors are elected. The Trustees
may elect or appoint or may authorize the Chairman, if any, or
President to appoint such other officers or agents with such
other titles and powers as the Trustees may deem to be
advisable. A Chairman shall, and the President, Secretary and
Treasurer may, but need not, be a Trustee.
ARTICLE III
POWERS AND DUTIES OF TRUSTEES
3.1 General . The Trustees shall owe to the Trust and
its Shareholders the same fiduciary duties as owed by directors
of corporations to such corporations and their stockholders
under the general corporation law of the State of Delaware. The
Trustees shall have exclusive and absolute control over the
Trust Property and over the business of the Trust to the same
extent as if the Trustees were the sole owners of the Trust
Property and business in their own right, but with such powers
of delegation as may be permitted by this Declaration. The
Trustees shall have power to engage in any activity not
prohibited by Delaware law. The enumeration of any specific
power herein shall not be construed as limiting the aforesaid
power. The Trustees may perform such acts as in their sole
discretion are proper for conducting the business of the Trust.
The powers of the Trustees may be exercised without order of or
resort to any court. No Trustee shall be obligated to give any
bond or other security for the performance of any of his duties
or powers hereunder.
3.2 Investments . The Trustees shall have power to:
(a) manage, conduct, operate and carry on the
business of an investment company;
(b) subscribe for, invest in, reinvest in,
purchase or otherwise acquire, hold, pledge, sell, assign,
transfer, exchange, distribute or otherwise deal in or dispose
of any and all sorts of property, tangible or intangible,
including but not limited to securities of any type whatsoever,
whether equity or non-equity, of any issuer, evidences of
indebtedness of any person and any other rights, interests,
instruments or property of any sort and to exercise any and all
rights, powers and privileges of ownership or interest in
respect of any and all such investments of every kind and
description, including, without limitation, the right to consent
and otherwise act with respect thereto, with power to designate
one or more Persons to exercise any of said rights, powers and
privileges in respect of any of said investments. The Trustees
shall not be limited by any law limiting the investments which
may be made by fiduciaries.
3.3 Legal Title . Legal title to all the Trust
Property shall be vested in the Trustees as joint tenants except
that the Trustees shall have power to cause legal title to any
Trust Property to be held by or in the name of one or more of
the Trustees, or in the name of the Trust, or in the name of any
other Person as nominee, custodian or pledgee, on such terms as
the Trustees may determine, provided that the interest of the
Trust therein is appropriately protected.
The right, title and interest of the Trustees in the
Trust Property shall vest automatically in each person who may
hereafter become a Trustee upon his due election and
qualification. Upon the ceasing of any person to be a Trustee
for any reason, such person shall automatically cease to have
any right, title or interest in any of the Trust Property, and
the right, title and interest of such Trustee in the Trust
Property shall vest automatically in the remaining Trustees.
Such vesting and cessation shall be effective whether or not
conveyancing documents have been executed and delivered.
3.4 Issuance and Repurchase of Shares . Subject to
the provisions of this Declaration and applicable law, the
Trustees shall have the power to issue, sell, repurchase,
redeem, retire, cancel, acquire, hold, resell, reissue, dispose
of, transfer, and otherwise deal in, Shares, including Shares in
fractional denominations, and to apply to any such repurchase,
redemption, retirement, cancellation or acquisition of Shares
any funds or property whether capital or surplus or otherwise,
to the full extent now or hereafter not prohibited by the laws
of the State of Delaware governing statutory trusts.
3.5 Borrow Money or Utilize Leverage . The Trustees
shall have the power to borrow money or otherwise obtain credit
or utilize leverage in connection with the activities of the
Trust to the maximum extent permitted by law, including by
regulation or order, and to secure the same by mortgaging,
pledging or otherwise subjecting as security the assets of the
Trust, including the lending of portfolio securities, and to
endorse, guarantee, or undertake the performance of any
obligation, contract or engagement of any other person, firm,
association or corporation.
3.6 Collection and Payment . The Trustees shall have
power to collect all property due to the Trust; to pay all
claims, including taxes, against the Trust Property or the
Trust, the Trustees or any officer, employee or agent of the
Trust; to prosecute, defend, compromise or abandon any claims
relating to the Trust Property or the Trust, or the Trustees or
any officer, employee or agent of the Trust; to foreclose any
security interest securing any obligations, by virtue of which
any property is owed to the Trust; and to enter into releases,
agreements and other instruments. Except to the extent required
for a Delaware business corporation, the Shareholders shall have
no power to vote as to whether or not a court action, legal
proceeding or claim should or should not be brought or
maintained derivatively or as a class action on behalf of the
Trust or the Shareholders.
3.7 Expenses . The Trustees shall have power to incur
and pay out of the assets or income of the Trust any expenses
which in the opinion of the Trustees are necessary or
appropriate to carry out any of the purposes of this
Declaration, and the business of the Trust, and to pay
reasonable compensation from the funds of the Trust to
themselves as Trustees. The Trustees shall fix the compensation
of all officers, employees and Trustees. The Trustees may pay
themselves such compensation for special services, including
legal, underwriting, syndicating and brokerage services, as they
in good faith may deem reasonable and reimbursement for expenses
reasonably incurred by themselves on behalf of the Trust.
3.8 By-Laws . The Trustees may adopt and from time to
time amend or repeal By-Laws for the conduct of the business of
the Trust. Such By-Laws shall be binding on the Trust and the
Shareholders unless inconsistent with the provisions of this
Declaration. The Shareholders shall not have authority to adopt,
amend or repeal By-Laws.
3.9 Miscellaneous Powers . The Trustees shall have
the power to: (a) employ or contract with such Persons as the
Trustees may deem desirable for the transaction of the business
of the Trust, including investment advisors, administrators,
custodians, transfer agents, shareholder services providers,
accountants, counsel, brokers, dealers and others, and to
delegate or grant to such persons all such power and authority
as the Trustees may determine; (b) enter into joint ventures,
partnerships and any other combinations or associations; (c)
purchase, and pay for out of Trust Property, insurance policies
insuring the Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees,
agents, investment advisors, distributors, selected dealers or
independent contractors of the Trust against all claims arising
by reason of holding any such position or by reason of any
action taken or omitted by any such Person in such capacity,
whether or not constituting negligence, or whether or not the
Trust would have the power to indemnify such Person against such
liability; (d) establish pension, profit-sharing, share
purchase, and other retirement, incentive and benefit plans for
any Trustees, officers, employees and agents of the Trust; (e)
make donations, irrespective of benefit to the Trust, for
charitable, religious, educational, scientific, civic or similar
purposes; (f) to the extent permitted by applicable law,
indemnify any Person with whom the Trust has dealings, including
without limitation any investment adviser, administrator,
manager, transfer agent, custodian, distributor or selected
dealer, or any other person as the Trustees may see fit to such
extent as the Trustees shall determine; (g) guarantee
indebtedness or contractual obligations of others; (h) determine
and change the fiscal year of the Trust and the method in which
its accounts shall be kept; and (i) adopt a seal for the Trust
but the absence of such seal shall not impair the validity of
any instrument executed on behalf of the Trust.
3.10 Delegation; Committees . The Trustees shall have
the power, consistent with their continuing exclusive authority
over the management of the Trust and the Trust Property, to
delegate from time to time to such of their number or to
officers, employees or agents of the Trust the doing of such
things and the execution of such instruments either in the name
of the Trust or the names of the Trustees or otherwise as the
Trustees may deem expedient. The Trustees may designate one or
more committees each of which shall have all or such lesser
portion of the power and authority of the entire Board of
Trustees as the Trustees shall determine from time to time,
except to the extent action by the entire Board of Trustees or
particular Trustees is required by the 1940 Act.
3.11 Further Powers . The Trustees shall have the
power to conduct the business of the Trust and carry on its
operations in any and all of its branches and maintain offices
both within and without the State of Delaware, in any and all
states of the United States of America, in the District of
Columbia, and in any and all commonwealths, territories,
dependencies, colonies, possessions, agencies or
instrumentalities of the United States of America and of foreign
governments, and to do all such other things and execute all
such instruments as they deem necessary, proper or desirable in
order to promote the interests of the Trust although such things
are not herein specifically mentioned. Any determination as to
what is in the interests of the Trust made by the Trustees in
good faith shall be conclusive. In construing the provisions of
this Declaration, the presumption shall be in favor of a grant
of power to the Trustees.
ARTICLE IV
LIMITATIONS OF LIABILITY AND INDEMNIFICATION
4.1 No Personal Liability of Shareholders, Trustees,
etc. No Shareholder of the Trust shall be subject in such
capacity to any personal liability whatsoever to any Person in
connection with Trust Property or the acts, obligations or
affairs of the Trust. Shareholders shall have the same
limitation of personal liability as is extended to stockholders
of a private corporation for profit incorporated under the
general corporation law of the State of Delaware. No Trustee or
officer of the Trust shall be subject in such capacity to any
personal liability whatsoever to any Person, other than the
Trust or its Shareholders, in connection with Trust Property or
the affairs of the Trust, save only liability to the Trust or
its Shareholders arising from bad faith, willful misfeasance,
gross negligence or reckless disregard for his duty to such
Person; and, subject to the foregoing exception, all such
Persons shall look solely to the Trust Property for satisfaction
of claims of any nature arising in connection with the affairs
of the Trust. If any Shareholder, Trustee or officer, as such,
of the Trust, is made a party to any suit or proceeding to
enforce any such liability, subject to the foregoing exception,
he shall not, on account thereof, be held to any personal
liability.
4.2 Mandatory Indemnification . (a) The Trust shall
indemnify the Trustees and officers of the Trust (each such
person being an "indemnitee") against any liabilities and
expenses, including amounts paid in satisfaction of judgments,
in compromise or as fines and penalties, and reasonable counsel
fees reasonably incurred by such indemnitee in connection with
the defense or disposition of any action, suit or other
proceeding, whether civil or criminal, before any court or
administrative or investigative body in which he may be or may
have been involved as a party or otherwise (other than, except
as authorized by the Trustees, as the plaintiff or complainant)
or with which he may be or may have been threatened, while
acting in any capacity set forth above in this Section 4.2 by
reason of his having acted in any such capacity, except with
respect to any matter as to which he shall not have acted in
good faith in the reasonable belief that his action was in the
best interest of the Trust or, in the case of any criminal
proceeding, as to which he shall have had reasonable cause to
believe that the conduct was unlawful, provided, however, that
no indemnitee shall be indemnified hereunder against any
liability to any person or any expense of such indemnitee
arising by reason of (i) willful misfeasance, (ii) bad faith,
(iii) gross negligence (negligence in the case of Affiliated
Indemnitees), or (iv) reckless disregard of the duties involved
in the conduct of his position (the conduct referred to in such
clauses (i) through (iv) being sometimes referred to herein as
"disabling conduct"). Notwithstanding the foregoing, with
respect to any action, suit or other proceeding voluntarily
prosecuted by any indemnitee as plaintiff, indemnification shall
be mandatory only if the prosecution of such action, suit or
other proceeding by such indemnitee was authorized by a majority
of the Trustees.
(b) Notwithstanding the foregoing, no
indemnification shall be made hereunder unless there has been a
determination (1) by a final decision on the merits by a court
or other body of competent jurisdiction before whom the issue of
entitlement to indemnification hereunder was brought that such
indemnitee is entitled to indemnification hereunder or, (2) in
the absence of such a decision, by (i) a majority vote of a
quorum of those Trustees who are neither Interested Persons of
the Trust nor parties to the proceeding ("Disinterested Non-
Party Trustees"), that the indemnitee is entitled to
indemnification hereunder, or (ii) if such quorum is not
obtainable or even if obtainable, if such majority so directs,
independent legal counsel in a written opinion conclude that the
indemnitee should be entitled to indemnification hereunder. All
determinations to make advance payments in connection with the
expense of defending any proceeding shall be authorized and made
in accordance with the immediately succeeding paragraph (c)
below.
(c) The Trust shall make advance payments in
connection with the expenses of defending any action with
respect to which indemnification might be sought hereunder if
the Trust receives a written affirmation by the indemnitee of
the indemnitee's good faith belief that the standards of conduct
necessary for indemnification have been met and a written
undertaking to reimburse the Trust unless it is subsequently
determined that he is entitled to such indemnification and if a
majority of the Trustees determine that the applicable standards
of conduct necessary for indemnification appear to have been
met. In addition, at least one of the following conditions must
be met: (1) the indemnitee shall provide adequate security for
his undertaking, (2) the Trust shall be insured against losses
arising by reason of any lawful advances, or (3) a majority of a
quorum of the Disinterested Non-Party Trustees, or if a majority
vote of such quorum so direct, independent legal counsel in a
written opinion, shall conclude, based on a review of readily
available facts (as opposed to a full trial-type inquiry), that
there is substantial reason to believe that the indemnitee
ultimately will be found entitled to indemnification.
(d) The rights accruing to any indemnitee under
these provisions shall not exclude any other right to which he
may be lawfully entitled.
(e) Notwithstanding the foregoing, subject to any
limitations provided by the 1940 Act and this Declaration, the
Trust shall have the power and authority to indemnify Persons
providing services to the Trust to the full extent provided by
law as if the Trust were a corporation organized under the
Delaware General Corporation Law provided that such
indemnification has been approved by a majority of the Trustees.
4.3 No Duty of Investigation; Notice in Trust
Instruments, etc. No purchaser, lender, transfer agent or other
person dealing with the Trustees or with any officer, employee
or agent of the Trust shall be bound to make any inquiry
concerning the validity of any transaction purporting to be made
by the Trustees or by said officer, employee or agent or be
liable for the application of money or property paid, loaned, or
delivered to or on the order of the Trustees or of said officer,
employee or agent. Every obligation, contract, undertaking,
instrument, certificate, Share, other security of the Trust, and
every other act or thing whatsoever executed in connection with
the Trust shall be conclusively taken to have been executed or
done by the executors thereof only in their capacity as Trustees
under this Declaration or in their capacity as officers,
employees or agents of the Trust. The Trustees may maintain
insurance for the protection of the Trust Property, its
Shareholders, Trustees, officers, employees and agents in such
amount as the Trustees shall deem adequate to cover possible
liability, and such other insurance as the Trustees in their
sole judgment shall deem advisable or is required by the 1940
Act.
4.4 Reliance on Experts, etc. Each Trustee and
officer or employee of the Trust shall, in the performance of
its duties, be fully and completely justified and protected with
regard to any act or any failure to act resulting from reliance
in good faith upon the books of account or other records of the
Trust, upon an opinion of counsel, or upon reports made to the
Trust by any of the Trust's officers or employees or by any
advisor, administrator, manager, distributor, selected dealer,
accountant, appraiser or other expert or consultant selected
with reasonable care by the Trustees, officers or employees of
the Trust, regardless of whether such counsel or other person
may also be a Trustee.
ARTICLE V
SHARES OF BENEFICIAL INTEREST
5.1 Beneficial Interest . The interest of the
beneficiaries hereunder shall be divided into an unlimited
number of shares of beneficial interest, par value $.001 per
share. All Shares issued in accordance with the terms hereof,
including, without limitation, Shares issued in connection with
a dividend in Shares or a split of Shares, shall be fully paid
and nonassessable when the consideration determined by the
Trustees (if any) therefor shall have been received by the
Trust.
5.2 Classes and Series . The Trustees shall have the
authority, without the approval of the holders of any Shares of
the Trust, to classify and reclassify issued and unissued Shares
into one or more classes and one or more series of any or all of
such classes, each of which classes and series thereof shall
have such designations, powers, preferences, voting, conversion
and other rights, limitations, qualifications and terms and
conditions as the Trustees shall determine from time to time
with respect to each such class or series; provided, however,
that no reclassification of any issued and outstanding Shares
and no modifications of any of the designations, powers,
preferences, voting, conversion or other rights, limitations,
qualifications and terms and conditions of any issued and
outstanding Shares may be made by the Trustees without the
affirmative vote of the holders of Shares specified in Section
7.3(a) to the extent required thereby. The initial class of
Shares of the Trust shall be designated as "Common Shares",
subject to redesignation as aforesaid. To the extent expressly
determined by the Trustees as aforesaid, all consideration
received by the Trust for the issue or sale of Shares of a
class, together with all income, earnings, profits and proceeds
thereof, including any proceeds derived from the sale, exchange
or liquidation thereof, and any funds or payments derived from
any reinvestment of such proceeds in whatever form the same may
be, shall irrevocably belong to such class subject only to the
rights of the creditors, and all liabilities allocable to such
class shall be charged thereto.
5.3 Issuance of Shares . The Trustees, in their
discretion, may from time to time without vote of the
Shareholders issue Shares of any class or any series of any such
class to such party or parties and for such amount and type of
consideration, including cash or property, at such time or
times, and on such terms as the Trustees may determine, and may
in such manner acquire other assets (including the acquisition
of assets subject to, and in connection with the assumption of,
liabilities) and businesses. The Trustees may from time to time
divide or combine the Shares of any class or any series of any
such class into a greater or lesser number without thereby
changing the proportionate beneficial interest in such Shares.
Issuances and repurchases of Shares maybe made in whole Shares
and/or l/l,000ths of a Share or multiples thereof as the
Trustees may determine.
5.4 Rights of Shareholders . The Shares shall be
personal property giving only the rights in this Declaration
specifically set forth. The ownership of the Trust Property of
every description and the right to conduct any business are
vested exclusively in the Trustees, and the Shareholders shall
have no interest therein other than the beneficial interest
conferred by their Shares, and they shall have no right to call
for any partition or division of any property, profits, rights
or interests of the Trust nor can they be called upon to share
or assume any losses of the Trust suffer an assessment of any
kind by virtue of their ownership of Shares. The Shares shall
not entitle the holder to preference, preemptive, appraisal,
conversion or exchange rights (except as specified in this
Section 5.4, in Section 7.4 or as specified by the Trustees in
the designation or redesignation of any class or series thereof
of the Shares).
5.5 Trust Only . It is the intention of the Trustees
to create only the relationship of Trustee and beneficiary
between the Trustees and each Shareholder from time to time. It
is not the intention of the Trustees to create a general
partnership, limited partnership, joint stock association,
corporation, bailment or any form of legal relationship other
than a trust. Nothing in this Declaration shall be construed to
make the Shareholders, either by themselves or with the
Trustees, partners or members of a joint stock association.
5.6 Register of Shares . A register shall be kept at
the Trust or any transfer agent duly appointed by the Trustees
under the direction of the Trustees which shall contain the
names and addresses of the Shareholders and the number of Shares
held by them respectively and a record of all transfers thereof.
Separate registers shall be established and maintained for each
class and each series of each class. Each such register shall be
conclusive as to who are the holders of the Shares of the
applicable class and series and who shall be entitled to receive
dividends or distributions or otherwise to exercise or enjoy the
rights of Shareholders. No Shareholder shall be entitled to
receive payment of any dividend or distribution, nor to have
notice given to him as herein provided, until he has given his
address to a transfer agent or such other officer or agent of
the Trustees as shall keep the register for entry thereon. It is
not contemplated that certificates will be issued for the
Shares; however, the Trustees, in their discretion, may
authorize the issuance of share certificates and promulgate
appropriate fees therefore and rules and regulations as to their
use.
5.7 Transfer Agent and Registrar . The Trustees shall
have power to employ a transfer agent or transfer agents, and a
registrar or registrars, with respect to the Shares. The
transfer agent or transfer agents may keep the applicable
register and record therein, the original issues and transfers,
if any, of the said Shares. Any such transfer agent and
registrar shall perform the duties usually performed by transfer
agents and registrars of stock in a corporation, as modified by
the Trustees.
5.8 Transfer of Shares . Shares shall be transferable
on the records of the Trust only by the record holder thereof or
by its agent thereto duly authorized in writing, upon delivery
to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust of a duly
executed instrument of transfer, together with such evidence of
the genuineness of each such execution and authorization and of
other matters as may reasonably be required. Upon such delivery
the transfer shall be recorded on the applicable register of the
Trust. Until such record is made, the Shareholder of record
shall be deemed to be the holder of such Shares for all purposes
hereof and neither the Trustees nor any transfer agent or
registrar nor any officer, employee or agent of the Trust shall
be affected by any notice of the proposed transfer.
Any person becoming entitled to any Shares in
consequence of the death, bankruptcy, or incompetence of any
Shareholder, or otherwise by operation of law, shall be recorded
on the applicable register of Shares as the holder of such
Shares upon production of the proper evidence thereof to the
Trustees or a transfer agent of the Trust, but until such record
is made, the Shareholder of record shall be deemed to be the
holder of such for all purposes hereof, and neither the Trustees
nor any transfer agent or registrar nor any officer or agent of
the Trust shall be affected by any notice of such death,
bankruptcy or incompetence, or other operation of law.
5.9 Notices . Any and all notices to which any
Shareholder hereunder may be entitled and any and all
communications to any Shareholder shall be deemed duly given or
made if transmitted by electronic mail or other form of legally
permissible electronic transmission, or if mailed, postage
prepaid, addressed to any Shareholder of record at his last
known address as recorded on the applicable register of the
Trust and may be sent together with any such notice or other
communication to another Shareholder at the same address. To the
extent consistent with applicable law, including any regulation
or order, or consented to by any Shareholder, any such notice or
other communication may be given or made in any other manner.
Notice directed to a Shareholder by electronic mail or other
form of legally permissible electronic transmission shall be
transmitted to any address at which the Shareholder receives
electronic mail or other electronic transmissions.
5.10 Net Asset Value . The value of the assets of the
Trust, the amount of liabilities of the Trust and the net asset
value of each outstanding Common Share of the Trust shall be
determined at such time or times on such days as the Trustees
may determine, in accordance with the 1940 Act. The method of
determination of net asset value shall be determined by the
Trustees. The power and duty to make net asset value
determinations and calculations may be delegated by the
Trustees.
5.11 Distributions to Shareholders .
(a) The Trustees shall from time to time
distribute among the Shares (or one or more classes or series
thereof) such portion of the net profits, surplus (including
paid-in surplus), capital, or assets held by the Trustees as
they may deem proper or as may otherwise be determined in the
instrument setting forth the terms of such Shares or such class
or series of Shares, which need not be ratable with respect to
distributions in respect of Shares of any other class or series
thereof of the Trust. Such distributions may be made in cash or
property (including without limitation any type of obligations
of the Trust or any assets thereof) or any combination thereof.
(b) Distributions may be made to the Shareholders
of record entitled to such distribution at the time such
distribution is declared or at such later date as shall be
determined by the Trust prior to the date of payment.
(c) The Trustees may always retain from any
source such amount as they may deem necessary to pay the debts
or expenses of the Trust or to meet obligations of the Trust, or
as they otherwise may deem desirable to use in the conduct of
its affairs or to retain for future requirements or extensions
of the business of the Trust.
ARTICLE VI
SHAREHOLDERS
6.1 Meetings of Shareholders . The Trust may, but
shall not be required to, hold annual meetings of the holders of
any class or series of Shares. An annual or special meeting of
Shareholders may be called at any time only by the Trustees;
provided, however, that if May 31 of any year shall have passed
and the Trustees shall not have called an annual meeting of
Shareholders for such year, the Trustees shall call a meeting
for the purpose of voting on the removal of one or more Trustees
or the termination of any investment advisory agreement or
independent accountants, upon written request of holders of
Shares of the Trust having in the aggregate not less than a
majority of the votes of the outstanding Shares of the Trust
entitled to vote on the matter or matters in question, such
request specifying the purpose or purposes for which such
meeting is to be called. Any meeting of Shareholders shall be
held within or without the State of Delaware on such day and at
such time as the Trustees shall designate.
6.2 Voting . Shareholders shall have no power to vote
on any matter (including matters as to which the Delaware
Statutory Trust Statute specifies a voting requirement in the
absence of a provision in the Declaration, it being the
intention of this Declaration that Shareholders shall have no
power to vote on any such matter except as described herein)
except matters on which a vote of Shares is required by or
pursuant to the 1940 Act, this Declaration, the By-Laws or
resolution of the Trustees. Any matter required to be submitted
for approval of any of the Shares and affecting one or more
classes or series shall require approval by the required vote of
Shares of the affected class or classes and series voting
together as a single class and, if such matter affects one or
more classes or series thereof differently from one or more
other classes or series thereof or from one or more series of
the same class, approval by the required vote of Shares of such
other class or classes or series or series voting as a separate
class shall be required in order to be approved with respect to
such other class or classes or series or series; provided,
however, that except to the extent required by the 1940 Act,
there shall be no separate class votes on the election or
removal of Trustees or the selection of auditors for the Trust.
Shareholders of a particular class or series thereof shall not
be entitled to vote on any matter that affects the rights or
interests of only one or more other classes or series of such
other class or classes or only one or more other series of the
same class. There shall be no cumulative voting in the election
or removal of Trustees.
6.3 Notice of Meeting, Shareholder Proposals and
Record Date . Notice of all meetings of Shareholders, stating
the time, place and purposes of the meeting, shall be given by
the Trustees by mail or, to the extent permitted by applicable
law or consented to by the shareholder, transmitted by
electronic mail or other form of electronic transmission to each
Shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat at its registered
address or electronic address, mailed or transmitted at least 10
days before the meeting or otherwise in compliance with
applicable law. Except with respect to an annual meeting, at
which any business required by the 1940 Act may be conducted,
only the business stated in the notice of the meeting shall be
considered at such meeting. Subject to the provisions of
applicable law, any Shareholder wishing to include a proposal to
be considered at an annual meeting must submit such proposal to
the Trust in accordance with the provisions of the By-Laws. Any
adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or more times
without further notice not later than 130 days after the record
date. For the purposes of determining the Shareholders who are
entitled to notice of and to vote at any meeting the Trustees
may, without closing the transfer books, fix a date not more
than 100 days prior to the date of such meeting of Shareholders
as a record date for the determination of the Persons to be
treated as Shareholders of record for such purposes. Notice
directed to a Shareholder by electronic mail or other form of
electronic transmission may be transmitted to any address at
which the Shareholder receives electronic mail or other
electronic transmissions.
6.4 Quorum and Required Vote .
(a) The holders of one-third of the outstanding
Shares of the Trust on the record date present in person or by
proxy shall constitute a quorum at any meeting of the
Shareholders for purposes of conducting business on which a vote
of all Shareholders of the Trust is being taken. The holders of
one-third of the outstanding Shares of a class or classes on the
record date present in person or by proxy shall constitute a
quorum at any meeting of the Shareholders of such class or
classes for purposes of conducting business on which a vote of
Shareholders of such class or classes is being taken. The
holders of one-third of the outstanding Shares of a series or
series on the record date present in person or by proxy shall
constitute a quorum at any meeting of the Shareholders of such
series or series for purposes of conducting business on which a
vote of Shareholders of such series or series is being taken.
Shares underlying a proxy as to which a broker or other
intermediary states its absence of authority to vote with
respect to one or more matters shall be treated as present for
purposes of establishing a quorum for taking action on any such
matter only to the extent so determined by the Trustees at or
prior to the meeting of Shareholders at which such matter is to
be considered.
(b) Subject to any provision of the 1940 Act or
this Declaration specifying or requiring a greater or lesser
vote requirement for the transaction of any matter of business
at any meeting of Shareholders or, in the absence of any such
provision of the 1940 Act or this Declaration, subject to any
provision of the By-Laws or resolution of the Trustees
specifying or requiring a greater or lesser vote requirement,
(i) the affirmative vote of a plurality (or, if provided by the
By-Laws, a majority) of the Shares present in person or
represented by proxy and entitled to vote for the election of
any Trustee or Trustees shall be the act of such Shareholders
with respect to the election of such Trustee or Trustees, (ii)
the affirmative vote of a majority of the Shares present in
person or represented by proxy and entitled to vote on any other
matter shall be the act of the Shareholders with respect to such
matter, and (iii) where a separate vote of one or more classes
or series is required on any matter, the affirmative vote of a
majority of the Shares of such class or classes or series or
series present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to
vote on such matter shall be the act of the Shareholders of such
class or classes or series or series with respect to such
matter. Except to the extent otherwise required by the 1940 Act,
a majority of the Shares of any series or class shall mean the
lesser of a majority of the outstanding Shares of such class or
series and at least 67% of a quorum of at least 50% of the
Shares held of record on the relevant record date present in
person or by proxy.
6.5 Proxies, etc. At any meeting of Shareholders,
any holder of Shares entitled to vote thereat may vote by proxy,
provided that no proxy shall be voted at any meeting unless it
shall have been placed on file with the Secretary, or with such
other officer or agent of the Trust as the Secretary may direct,
for verification prior to the time at which such vote shall be
taken. Pursuant to a resolution of a majority of the Trustees,
proxies may be solicited in the name of one or more Trustees or
one or more of the officers or employees of the Trust. Only
Shareholders of record shall be entitled to vote. Each full
Share shall be entitled to one vote and each fractional Share
shall be entitled to a vote equal to its fraction of a full
Share. When any Share is held jointly by several persons, any
one of them may vote at any meeting in person or by proxy in
respect of such Share, but if more than one of them shall be
present at such meeting in person or by proxy, and such joint
owners or their proxies so present disagree as to any vote to be
cast, such vote shall not be received in respect of such Share.
A proxy purporting to be given by or on behalf of a Shareholder
of record on the record date for a meeting shall be deemed valid
unless challenged at or prior to its exercise, and the burden of
proving invalidity shall rest on the challenger. If the holder
of any such Share is a minor or a person of unsound mind, and
subject to guardianship or to the legal control of any other
person as regards the charge or management of such Share, he may
vote by his guardian or such other person appointed or having
such control, and such vote may be given in person or by proxy.
The Trustees shall have the authority to make and modify from
time to time regulations regarding the validity of proxies. In
addition to signed proxies, such regulations may authorize
facsimile, telephonic, Internet and other methods of appointing
a proxy that are subject to such supervision by or under the
direction of the Trustees as the Trustees shall determine.
6.6 Reports . The Trustees shall cause to be prepared
and sent to Shareholders at least annually and more frequently
to the extent and in the form required by law or any exchange on
which Shares are listed a report of operations containing
financial statements of the Trust prepared in conformity with
generally accepted accounting principles and applicable law.
6.7 Inspection of Records . The records of the Trust
shall be open to inspection by Persons who have been holders of
record of at least $25,000 (or such higher amount as may be
authorized by law) in net asset value or liquidation reference
of Shares for a continuous period of not less than six months to
the same extent and for the same purposes as is preference of
Shares for a continuous period of not less than six months to
the same extent and for the same purposes as is permitted under
the Delaware General Business Corporation Law to shareholders of
a Delaware business corporation.
6.8 Shareholder Action by Written Consent . Any
action which may be taken by Shareholders by vote may be taken
without a meeting if the holders of all of the Shares entitled
to vote thereon consent to the action in writing and the written
consents are filed with the records of the meetings of
Shareholders. Such consent shall be treated for all purposes as
a vote taken at a meeting of Shareholders.
ARTICLE VII
DURATION: TERMINATION OF TRUST; AMENDMENT; MERGERS, ETC.
7.1 Duration . Subject to termination in accordance
with the provisions of Section 7.2 hereof, the Trust created
hereby shall have perpetual existence.
7.2 Termination .
(a) The Trust may be dissolved, after two thirds
of the Trustees then in office have approved a resolution
therefor, upon approval by Shares having at least 75% of the
votes of all of the Shares outstanding on the record date for
such meeting, voting as a single class except to the extent
required by the 1940 Act. Upon the dissolution of the Trust:
(i) The Trust shall carry on no business
except for the purpose of winding up its affairs.
(ii) The Trustees shall proceed to wind up the
affairs of the Trust and all of the powers of the Trustees under
this Declaration shall continue until the affairs of the Trust
shall have been wound up, including the power to fulfill or
discharge the contracts of the Trust, collect its assets, sell,
convey, assign, exchange, merger where the Trust is not the
survivor, transfer or otherwise dispose of all or any part of
the remaining Trust Property to one or more Persons at public or
private sale for consideration which may consist in whole or in
part in cash, securities or other property of any kind,
discharge or pay its liabilities, and do all other acts
appropriate to liquidate its business; provided that any sale,
conveyance, assignment, exchange, merger in which the Trust is
not the survivor, transfer or other disposition of all or
substantially all the Trust Property of the Trust shall require
approval of the principal terms of the transaction and the
nature and amount of the consideration with the same vote as
required for dissolution pursuant to paragraph (a) above.
(iii) After paying or adequately providing for
the payment of all liabilities, and upon receipt of such
releases, indemnities and refunding agreements, as they deem
necessary for their protection, the Trustees may distribute the
remaining Trust Property, in cash or in kind or partly each,
among the Shareholders according to their respective rights.
(b) After the winding up and termination of the
Trust and distribution to the Shareholders as herein provided, a
majority of the Trustees shall execute and lodge among the
records of the Trust an instrument in writing setting forth the
fact of such termination and shall execute and file a
certificate of cancellation with the Secretary of State of the
State of Delaware. Upon termination of the Trust, the Trustees
shall thereupon be discharged from all further liabilities and
duties hereunder, and the rights and interests of all
Shareholders shall thereupon cease.
7.3 Amendment Procedure .
(a) Except as required by applicable law or this
Declaration, the Trustees may amend this Declaration without any
vote of Shareholders, including to change the name of the Trust
or any class or series, to make any change that does not
adversely affect the relative rights or preferences of any class
or series of Shares or to conform this Declaration to the
requirements of the 1940 Act or any other applicable law, but
the Trustees shall not be liable for failing to do so. If a vote
of Shareholders is required by applicable law or this
Declaration, or if the Trustees determine to submit an amendment
to a vote of Shareholders, then, other than with respect to
amendments of Sections 2.2, 2.3, 3.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.8, 7.1,
7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6, this Declaration may be amended,
after a majority of the Trustees then in office have approved a
resolution therefor, by the affirmative vote set forth in
Section 6.4(b)(ii). Sections 2.2, 2.3, 3.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.8,
7.1, 7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5 and 7.6 may only be amended, after a
majority of the Trustees then in office have approved a
resolution therefor, by the affirmative vote of the holders of
not less than 75% of the affected Shares outstanding on the
record date.
(b) Nothing contained in this Declaration shall
permit the amendment of this Declaration to impair the exemption
from personal liability of the Shareholders, Trustees, officers,
employees and agents of the Trust or to permit assessments upon
Shareholders.
(c) An amendment duly adopted by the requisite
vote of the Board of Trustees and, if required, Shareholders as
aforesaid, shall become effective at the time of such adoption
or at such other time as may be designated by the Board of
Trustees or Shareholders, as the case may be. A certification
signed by a majority of the Trustees setting forth an amendment
and reciting that it was duly adopted by the Trustees and, if
required, Shareholders as aforesaid, or a copy of the
Declaration, as amended, and executed by a majority of the
Trustees, shall be conclusive evidence of such amendment when
lodged among the records of the Trust or at such other time
designated by the Trustees.
Notwithstanding any other provision hereof, until such
time as Shares are issued and outstanding, this Declaration may
be terminated or amended in any respect by the affirmative vote
of a majority of the Trustees or by an instrument signed by a
majority of the Trustees then in office.
7.4 Merger, Consolidation and Sale of Assets .
Subject to Section 7.6, the Trust may merge or consolidate with
any other corporation, association, trust or other organization
or may sell, lease or exchange all or substantially all of the
Trust Property or the property, including its good will or may
convert into another form of organization, upon such terms and
conditions and for such consideration when and as authorized by
two-thirds of the Trustees then in office and thereafter
approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than
75% (a majority (as defined in Section 6.4(b)) in the event the
provisions of the governing instruments of the entity resulting
from such transaction or, in the case of a sale or exchange of
assets, the acquiring entity contain substantially the same
provisions as Sections 2.2, 2.3, 3.8, 6.1, 6.2, 6.4, 6.8, 7.1,
7.2, 7.3, 7.4, 7.5, and 7.6, of this Declaration) of the
affected Shares outstanding on the record date for the meeting
of Shareholders to approve such transaction, and any such
merger, consolidation, sale, lease, exchange or conversion shall
be determined for all purposes to have been accomplished under
and pursuant to the statutes of the State of Delaware.
7.5 Redemption; Conversion . No holder of Shares of
any class or series, other than in accordance with the
provisions of Section 23(c) (excluding Rule 23c-3 thereunder) of
the 1940 Act and other than to the extent expressly determined
by the Trustees with respect to Shares qualifying as preferred
stock pursuant to Section 18(a) of the 1940 Act, shall have any
right to require the Trust or any person controlled by the Trust
to purchase any of such holder's Shares. The Trust may be
converted at any time from a "closed-end investment company" to
an "open-end investment company" as those terms are defined by
the 1940 Act or a company obligated to repurchase shares under
Rule 23c-3 of the 1940 Act (an "interval company"), upon the
approval of such a proposal, together with the necessary
amendments to this Declaration to permit such a conversion, by
two-thirds of the Trustees then in office, by the holders of not
less than 75% of the Trust's outstanding Shares entitled to vote
thereon and by such vote or votes of the holders of any class or
classes or series of Shares as may be required by the 1940 Act.
From time to time, the Trustees may consider recommending to the
Shareholders a proposal to convert the Trust from a "closed-end
company" to an "open-end company" or "interval company." Upon
the recommendation and subsequent adoption of such a proposal
and the necessary amendments to this Declaration to permit such
a conversion by the requisite proportion of the Trust's
outstanding Shares entitled to vote, the Trust shall, upon
complying with any requirements of the 1940 Act and state law,
become an "open-end investment company".
7.6 Certain Transactions . (a) Subject to the
exceptions provided in paragraph (d) of this Section, the types
of transactions described in paragraph (c) of this Section
shall, following the completion of the initial public offering
of the common Shares, require the affirmative vote or consent of
the holders of 80% of the Shares of each class outstanding and
entitled to vote, voting as a separate class, when a Principal
Shareholder (as defined in paragraph (b) of this Section) is a
party to the transaction. Such affirmative vote or consent shall
be in addition to the vote or consent of the holders of Shares
otherwise required by or pursuant to the 1940 Act, this
Declaration, the Bylaws or resolution of the Board of Trustees.
(b) The term "Principal Shareholder" shall mean
any Person which is the beneficial owner, directly or
indirectly, of five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding
Shares and shall include any affiliate or associate, as such
terms are defined in clause (ii) below, of such Person. For the
purposes of this Section, in addition to the Shares which a
Person beneficially owns directly, (a) any Person shall be
deemed to be the beneficial owner of any Shares (i) which it has
the right to acquire pursuant to any agreement or upon exercise
of conversion rights or warrants, or otherwise (but excluding
share options granted by the Trust) or (ii) which are
beneficially owned, directly or indirectly (including Shares
deemed owned through application of clause (i) above), by any
other Person with which its "affiliate" or "associate" (as
defined below) has any agreement, arrangement or understanding
for the purpose of acquiring, holding, voting or disposing of
Shares, or which is its "affiliate" or "associate" as those
terms are defined in Rule 12b-2 of the General Rules and
Regulations under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 as in
effect on the date of initial adoption of this Declaration, and
(b) the outstanding Shares shall include Shares deemed owned
through application of clauses (i) and (ii) above but shall not
include any other Shares which may be assumable pursuant to any
agreement, or upon exercise of conversion rights or warrants, or
otherwise.
(c) This Section shall apply to the following
transactions:
(i) The merger or consolidation of the Trust
or any subsidiary of the Trust with or into any Principal
Shareholder.
(ii) The issuance of any securities of the
Trust to any Principal Shareholder for cash (other than pursuant
to any automatic dividend reinvestment plan or pursuant to any
offering in which such Principal Shareholder acquires securities
that represent no greater a percentage of any class or series of
securities being offered than the percentage of the same class
or series of securities beneficially owned by such Principal
Shareholder immediately prior to such offering or, in the case
of a class or series not then owned beneficially by such
Principal Shareholder, the percentage of Common Shares
beneficially owned by such Principal Shareholder immediately
prior to such offering).
(iii) The sale, lease or exchange of all or any
substantial part of the assets of the Trust to any Principal
Shareholder (except assets having an aggregate fair market value
of less than $5,000,000, aggregating for the purpose of such
computation all assets sold, leased or exchanged in any series
of similar transactions within a twelve-month period).
(iv) The sale, lease or exchange to the Trust
or any subsidiary thereof, in exchange for securities of the
Trust of any assets of any Principal Shareholder (except assets
having an aggregate fair market value of less than $5,000,000,
aggregating for the purposes of such computation all assets
sold, leased or exchanged in any series of similar transactions
within a twelve-month period).
(v) The purchase by the Trust or any Person
controlled by the Trust of any Common Shares of the Trust from
such Principal Shareholder or any person to whom such Principal
Shareholder shall have knowingly transferred such Common Shares
other than pursuant to a tender offer available to all
Shareholders of the same class or series in which such Principal
Shareholder or transferee tenders no greater percentage of the
Shares of such class or series than are tendered by all other
Shareholders of such class or series in the aggregate.
(d) The provisions of this Section shall not be
applicable to (i) any of the transactions described in paragraph
(c) of this Section if two-thirds of the Board of Trustees then
in office shall by resolution have approved a memorandum of
understanding or agreement with such Principal Shareholder with
respect to and substantially consistent with such transaction
prior to the time such Person shall have become a Principal
Shareholder, or (ii) any such transaction with any corporation
of which a majority of the outstanding shares of all classes of
a stock normally entitled to vote in elections of directors is
owned of record or beneficially by the Trust and its
subsidiaries and of which such Person is not a Principal
Shareholder.
(e) The Board of Trustees shall have the power
and duty to determine for the purposes of this Section on the
basis of information known to the Trust whether (i) a Person
beneficially owns five percent (5%) or more of the outstanding
Shares, (ii) a Person is an "affiliate" or "associate" (as
defined above) of another, (iii) the assets being acquired or
leased to or by the Trust or any subsidiary thereof constitute a
substantial part of the assets of the Trust and have an
aggregate fair market value of less than $5,000,000, and (iv)
the memorandum of understanding or agreement referred to in
paragraph (d) hereof is substantially consistent with the
transaction covered thereby. Any such determination shall be
conclusive and binding for all purposes of this Section.
ARTICLE VIII
MISCELLANEOUS
8.1 Filing . This Declaration and any amendment
(including any supplement) hereto shall be filed in such places
as may be required or as the Trustees deem appropriate. Each
amendment shall be accompanied by a certificate signed and
acknowledged by a Trustee stating that such action was duly
taken in a manner provided herein, and shall, upon insertion in
the Trust's minute book, be conclusive evidence of all
amendments contained therein. A restated Declaration, containing
the original Declaration as amended by all amendments
theretofore made, may be executed from time to time by a
majority of the Trustees and shall, upon insertion in the
Trust's minute book, be conclusive evidence of all amendments
contained therein and may thereafter be referred to in lieu of
the original Declaration and the various amendments thereto.
8.2 Resident Agent . The Trust shall maintain a
resident agent in the State of Delaware, which agent shall
initially be The Corporation Trust Company, 1209 Orange Street,
Wilmington, Delaware 19801. The Trustees may designate a
successor resident agent, provided, however, that such
appointment shall not become effective until written notice
thereof is delivered to the office of the Secretary of the
State.
8.3 Governing Law . This Declaration is executed by a
majority of the Trustees and delivered in the State of Delaware
and with reference to the laws thereof, and the rights of all
parties and the validity and construction of every provision
hereof shall be subject to and construed according to the laws
of said State and reference shall be specifically made to the
business corporation law of the State of Delaware as to the
construction of matters not specifically covered herein or as to
which an ambiguity exists, although such law shall not be viewed
as limiting the powers otherwise granted to the Trustees
hereunder and any ambiguity shall be viewed in favor of such
powers.
8.4 Counterparts . This Declaration may be
simultaneously executed in several counterparts, each of which
shall be deemed to be an original, and such counterparts,
together, shall constitute one and the same instrument, which
shall be sufficiently evidenced by any such original
counterpart.
8.5 Reliance by Third Parties . Any certificate
executed by an individual who, according to the records of the
Trust, or of any recording office in which this Declaration may
be recorded, appears to be a Trustee hereunder, certifying to:
(a) the number or identity of Trustees or Shareholders, (b) the
name of the Trust, (c) the due authorization of the execution of
any instrument or writing, (d) the form of any vote passed at a
meeting of Trustees or Shareholders, (e) the fact that the
number of Trustees or Shareholders present at any meeting or
executing any written instrument satisfies the requirements of
this Declaration, (f) the form of any By Laws adopted by or the
identity of any officers elected by the Trustees, or (g) the
existence of any fact or facts which in any manner relate to the
affairs of the Trust, shall be conclusive evidence as to the
matters so certified in favor of any person dealing with the
Trustees and their successors.
8.6 Provisions in Conflict with Law or Regulation .
(a) The provisions of this Declaration are
severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice
of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the
1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the
Code or with other applicable laws and regulations, the
conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted
a part of this Declaration to the extent of such conflict;
provided, however, that such determination shall not affect any
of the remaining provisions of this Declaration or render
invalid or improper any action taken or omitted prior to such
determination.
(b) If any provision of this Declaration shall be
held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such
invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such
provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner
affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other
provision of this Declaration in any jurisdiction.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the undersigned have caused these presents to be executed as of the day and year first above written.
By:
Anthony J. Colavita James P. Conn Mario d'Urso Vincent D. Enright Frank J. Fahrenkopf, Jr. Michael J. Melarkey Salvatore M. Salibello Anthonie C. van Ekris |
Salvatore J. Zizza
THE GABELLI GLOBAL GOLD, NATURAL RESOURCES & INCOME TRUST
Exhibit 2- 77(Q)1(a)
THE GABELLI GLOBAL GOLD, NATURAL RESOURCES & INCOME TRUST
AMENDED & RESTATED BY-LAWS
These By-Laws are made and adopted pursuant to Section
3.8 of the Third Amended and Restated Declaration of Trust
establishing The Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income
Trust (the "Fund XE "Fund" ") dated as of February , 2011
as from time to time amended (hereinafter called the
"Declaration XE "Declaration" "). All words and terms
capitalized in these By-Laws and not defined herein shall have
the meaning or meanings set forth for such words or terms in the
Declaration.
Definitions. As used in these By-Laws, the following
terms shall have the meanings ascribed to them:
"12(d) Holder XE "12d Holder" " shall have the
meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a)(xiii) of Article II of these
By-Laws.
"1940 Act XE "1940 Act" " shall mean the Investment
Company Act of 1940 and the rules and regulations promulgated
thereunder.
"5% Holder XE "5% Holder" " shall have the meaning
set forth in Section 2.3(a)(ix) of Article II of these By-Laws.
"beneficial owner" of a security shall mean any person
who, directly or indirectly, through any contract, arrangement,
understanding, relationship or otherwise (A) has or shares: (1)
voting power which includes the power to vote, or to direct the
voting of, such security; and/or, (2) investment power which
includes the power to dispose, or to direct the disposition, of
such security or (B) owns, controls or holds with power to vote
such security. A person shall be deemed to be the beneficial
owner of shares if that person has the right to acquire
beneficial ownership of such shares at any time whether or not
within sixty days. "Beneficially own," "own beneficially" and
related terms shall have correlative meaning.
"By-Laws XE "By-Laws" " shall mean these By-Laws of
the Fund as amended or restated from time to time by the
Trustees.
"Code XE "Code" " shall mean the Internal Revenue
Code of 1986, as amended, and the regulations promulgated
thereunder.
"control" shall mean the power to exercise a
controlling influence over a person, which in the case of a
company means the power to exercise a controlling influence over
the management or policies of such company, unless such power is
solely the result of an official position with such company.
"control relationship" with respect to any person
shall mean control over such person, being controlled by such
person or being under common control with such person.
"director" shall mean any director of a corporation or
any person performing similar functions with respect to any
organization, whether incorporated or unincorporated, including
any natural person who is a member of a board of trustees of any
organization that is a statutory or common-law trust.
"Disclosable Relationship" with respect to another
person means (A) the existence at any time during the current
calendar year or at any time within the two most recently
completed calendar years of any agreement, arrangement,
understanding or practice, including the sharing of information,
decisions or actions, of a person with such other person with
respect to the Fund or Shares, (B) the beneficial ownership of
securities of any person known by such person to beneficially
own Shares and of which such person knows such other person also
beneficially owns any securities, (C) sharing beneficial
ownership of any securities with such other Person, (D) being an
immediate family member of such other person, (E) the existence
at any time during the current calendar year or at any time
within the two most recently completed calendar years of a
material business or professional relationship with such other
person or with any person of which such other person is a 5%
Holder, officer, director, general partner, managing member or
employee or (F) controlling, being controlled by or being under
common control with such other person.
"Exchange Act XE "Exchange Act" " shall mean the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934 and the rules and regulations
promulgated thereunder.
"immediate family member XE "Immediate Family Member"
" shall mean any parent, child, spouse, spouse of a parent,
spouse of a child, brother or sister (including step and
adoptive relationships).
"Independent Trustee XE "Independent Trustee" "
shall mean a Trustee that is not an "interested person," as
defined in Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act, of the Fund.
"investment fund XE "investment company" " shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a)(iii) of Article II
of these By-Laws.
"nominated or seated XE "nominated or seated" "
shall have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a) of Article II
of these By-Laws.
"person XE "Person" " shall mean and include natural
persons, corporations, partnerships, trusts, limited liability
companies, associations, joint ventures and other entities,
whether or not legal entities, and governments and agencies and
political subdivisions thereof.
"Prohibited Conduct XE "Prohibited Conduct" " shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 2.3(a)(v) of Article II of
these By-Laws.
"Proposed Nominee XE "Proposed Nominee" " shall have
the meaning set forth in Section 1.9(d)(i) of Article I of these
By-Laws.
"Proposed Nominee Associate XE "Proposed Nominee
Associated Person" " of any Proposed Nominee shall mean any
person who has a Disclosable Relationship with such Proposed
Nominee.
"proxy access rules XE "proxy access rules" " shall
have the meaning set forth in Section 1.9(g) of Article I of
these By-Laws.
"SEC XE "SEC" " shall mean the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission.
"Shareholder Associate XE "Shareholder Associated
Person" " of any beneficial or record shareholder of Shares
shall mean any person who has a Disclosable Relationship with
such beneficial or record shareholder.
"Shares XE "Shares" " shall mean the units of
beneficial interest into which the beneficial interests in the
Fund shall be divided from time to time, including any preferred
units of beneficial interest, which may be issued from time to
time, as described herein. All references to Shares shall be
deemed to be Shares of any or all series or classes as the
context may require.
"special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting XE
"special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting" " shall mean a
special meeting called by Trustees for the purpose of removing
Trustees or terminating the Fund's investment advisory agreement
in the event that an annual meeting of shareholders is not held
on or before such date as may be required by Section 6.1 of the
Declaration.
"Special Meeting Request XE "Special Meeting Request"
" shall have the meaning set forth in Section 1.5(b) of Article
I of these By-Laws.
ARTICLE I
SHAREHOLDER MEETINGS
Section 1.1 Chairman . Except as otherwise provided
in Section 1.10 of these Bylaws, the Chairman, if any, shall act
as chairman at all meetings of the shareholders; in the
Chairman's absence, the Trustee or Trustees present at each
meeting may elect a temporary chairman for the meeting, who may
be one of themselves.
Section 1.2 Voting .
(a) As provided in the Declaration, shareholders
shall have no power to vote on any matter except as provided in
or pursuant to Section 6.2 of the Declaration.
(b) As provided in Section 6.4(b) of the
Declaration, where a separate vote of one or more classes or
series of Shares is required on any matter: (i) if the vote is
for the election of one or more Trustees, the affirmative vote
of a plurality of the Shares of such class or classes or series
or series present in person or represented by proxy and entitled
to vote for such Trustee or the Trustees shall be the act of the
shareholders of such class or classes or series or series with
respect to the election of such Trustee or Trustees; and (ii) if
the vote is for any other matter, the affirmative vote of a
majority of the Shares of such class or classes or series or
series present in person or represented by proxy and entitled to
vote on such other matter shall be the act of the shareholders
of such class or classes or series or series with respect to
such other matter, in each case at any meeting at which a quorum
is present with respect to the vote on the election of such
Trustee(s) or such other matter.
(c) Shareholders may vote either in person or by
duly executed proxy and each full share represented at the
meeting shall have one vote, all as provided in Article 6 of the
Declaration.
Section 1.3 Fixing Record Dates . For the purpose
of determining the shareholders who are entitled to notice of or
to vote or act at any meeting, including any adjournment
thereof, or who are entitled to participate in any dividends, or
for any other proper purpose, the Trustees may from time to
time, without closing the transfer books, fix a record date in
the manner provided in Section 6.3 of the Declaration. If the
Trustees do not prior to any meeting of shareholders so fix a
record date or close the transfer books, then the date on which
mailing of notice of the meeting is commenced or the date upon
which the dividend resolution is adopted, as the case may be,
shall be the record date.
Section 1.4 Inspectors of Election . In advance of
any meeting of shareholders, the Trustees may appoint inspectors
of election to act at the meeting or any adjournment thereof. If
inspectors of election are not so appointed, the Chairman, if
any, of any meeting of shareholders may appoint inspectors of
election of the meeting. The number of inspectors shall be
either one or three. In case any person appointed as inspector
fails to appear or fails or refuses to act, the vacancy may be
filled by appointment made by the Trustees in advance of the
convening of the meeting or at the meeting by the person acting
as chairman. The inspectors of election shall determine the
number of Shares outstanding, the Shares represented at the
meeting, the existence of a quorum, the authenticity, validity
and effect of proxies, shall receive votes, ballots or consents,
shall hear and determine all challenges and questions in any way
arising in connection with the right to vote, shall count and
tabulate all votes or consents, determine the results, and do
such other acts as may be proper to conduct the election or vote
with fairness to all shareholders. If there are three inspectors
of election, the decision, act or certificate of a majority is
effective in all respects as the decision, act or certificate of
all. On request of the Chairman, if any, of the meeting, the
inspectors of election shall make a report in writing of any
challenge or question or matter determined by them and shall
execute a certificate of any facts found by them.
Section 1.5 Special Meetings of Shareholders .
(a) Special meetings of shareholders may be
called only by the Board of Trustees (or any duly authorized
committee), except a special meeting in lieu of an annual
meeting shall be called by the Trustees upon the timely receipt
by the Secretary of a request in proper form from one or more
record shareholders acting pursuant to and in accordance with
Section 6.1 of the Declaration. Only such business shall be
conducted at a special meeting or a special meeting in lieu of
an annual meeting as shall be specified in the notice of meeting
(or any supplement thereto). In fixing a date for any special
meeting, the Board of Trustees (or any duly authorized
committee) may consider such factors as it deems relevant,
including, without limitation, the nature of the matters to be
considered, the facts and circumstances surrounding any request
for the meeting and any plan of the Board of Trustees to call an
annual meeting or a special meeting; provided, however, that the
date fixed for any special meeting is consistent with Section
6.1 of the Declaration.
(b) Any shareholder(s) of record seeking to
request a special meeting shall send written notice to the
Secretary (the "Special Meeting Request" XE "Record Date
Request Notice" ) by registered mail, return receipt requested,
requesting the Secretary to call a special meeting. Proof of
the requesting shareholder's ownership of Shares at the time of
giving the Special Meeting Request must accompany the requesting
shareholder's Special Meeting Request. The Special Meeting
Request shall set forth the purpose of the meeting and the
matters proposed to be acted on at the meeting, shall be signed
by one or more shareholders of record (or their duly authorized
agents), shall bear the date of signature of each requesting
shareholder (or its duly authorized agent) signing the Special
Meeting Request and shall set forth all information that each
such shareholder of record and, with respect to the beneficial
owners of Shares on whose behalf such request is being made,
each such beneficial owner of Shares would be required to
disclose in a proxy statement or other filings required to be
made in connection with solicitations of proxies with respect to
the proposed business to be brought before the meeting pursuant
to Section 14 of the Exchange Act, as well as additional
information required by Section 1.8(d) of Article I of these By-
Laws. Upon receiving the Special Meeting Request, the Trustees
may in their discretion fix a date for the special meeting in
lieu of an annual meeting, which need not be the same date as
that requested in the Special Meeting Request.
(i) The shareholder(s) of record providing
notice of business proposed to be brought before a special
meeting in lieu of an annual meeting shall further update
and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that the
information provided or required to be provided in such
notice pursuant to this Section 1.5 shall be true and
correct as of the record date for determining the
shareholders entitled to receive notice of the special
meeting in lieu of an annual meeting and such update and
supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received
by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Fund not later than five (5) business days after the record
date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive
notice of the special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting.
(ii) The Board of Trustees shall determine
the validity of any purported Special Meeting Request
received by the Secretary.
(iii) Within ten (10) days of receipt of
a valid Special Meeting Request, the Secretary shall inform
the requesting shareholders of the reasonably estimated
cost of preparing and mailing the notice of meeting
(including the Fund's proxy materials). The Secretary
shall not be required to call a special meeting in lieu of
an annual meeting upon receipt of a Special Meeting Request
and such meeting shall not be held unless the Secretary
receives payment of such reasonably estimated cost prior to
the mailing of any notice of the meeting.
(c) No business shall be conducted at a special
meeting in lieu of an annual meeting of shareholders except
business brought before any such meeting in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 1.5 of this Article I and
in compliance with Article 6 of the Declaration. If the chair
of a special meeting in lieu of an annual meeting determines
that business was not properly brought before such meeting in
accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chair shall
declare to the meeting that the business was not properly
brought before the meeting and such business shall not be
transacted.
(d) Nothing contained in this Section 1.5 of
this Article I shall be deemed to affect any rights of
shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Fund's
proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act
(or any successor provision of law).
Section 1.6 Place of Meetings . Any shareholder
meeting, including any special meeting, shall be held within or
without the state in which the Fund was formed at such place,
date and time as the Trustees shall designate.
Section 1.7 Notice of Meetings . Written notice of
all meetings of shareholders, stating the place, date and time
of the meeting, shall be given by the Secretary by mail to each
shareholder of record entitled to vote thereat at its registered
address, mailed at least ten (10) days and not more than sixty
(60) days before the meeting or otherwise in compliance with
applicable binding law. Such notice will also specify the means
of remote communications, if any, by which shareholders and
proxyholders may be deemed to be present in person and vote at
such meeting.
Section 1.8 Nature of Business at Annual Meetings
of Shareholders .
(a) Only such business (other than nominations
for election to the Board of Trustees, which must comply with
the provisions of Section 1.9 of this Article I) may be
transacted at an annual meeting of shareholders as is either:
(i) specified in the notice of meeting (or
any supplement thereto) given by or at the direction of the
Board of Trustees (or any duly authorized committee
thereof),
(ii) otherwise properly brought before the
annual meeting by or at the direction of the Board of
Trustees (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or
(iii) otherwise properly brought before
the annual meeting by any shareholder of record of the
Fund:
(A) who is a shareholder of record on
the date such shareholder gives the notice provided
for in this Section 1.8 of this Article I and on the
record date for the determination of shareholders
entitled to notice of and to vote at such annual
meeting; and
(B) who complies with the notice
procedures set forth in this Section 1.8 of this
Article I.
(b) In addition to any other applicable
requirements, for business to be properly brought before an
annual meeting by a shareholder, such shareholder of record must
have given timely notice thereof in proper written form to the
Secretary of the Fund.
(c) To be timely, a record shareholder's notice
to the Secretary must be delivered to or be mailed and received
at the principal executive offices of the Fund not less than one
hundred and twenty (120) days nor more than one hundred and
fifty (150) days prior to the anniversary date of the
immediately preceding annual meeting of shareholders; provided,
however, that such notice for the 2011 annual meeting of
shareholders shall be delivered to the Secretary at the
principal executive offices of the Fund neither earlier than
9:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the 120th day nor later than 5:00
p.m., Eastern Time, on the 90th day before the first anniversary
of the date of the proxy statement for the preceding year's
annual meeting of shareholders; provided, further, however, that
in the event that an annual meeting is called for a date that is
not within twenty-five (25) days before or after such
anniversary date, notice by the shareholder of record in order
to be timely must be so received not later than the close of
business on the tenth (10th) day following the day on which such
notice of the date of the annual meeting was mailed or such
public disclosure of the date of the annual meeting was made,
whichever first occurs. "Public disclosure" shall mean
disclosure (i) in a press release reported by the Dow Jones News
Service, Associated Press, Business Wire, PR Newswire or other
widely circulated news or wire service or (ii) in a document
publicly filed by the Fund with the SEC pursuant to the Exchange
Act. In no event shall the adjournment or postponement of an
annual meeting, or the public announcement of such an
adjournment or postponement, commence a new time period (or
extend any time period) for the giving of a record shareholder's
notice as described above.
(d) To be in proper written form, a record
shareholder's notice to the Secretary must set forth the
following information:
(i) as to each matter such shareholder of
record proposes to bring before the annual meeting, a brief
description of the business desired to be brought before
the annual meeting and the reasons for conducting such
business at the annual meeting, and
(ii) as to the record shareholder giving
notice and each beneficial owner, if any, on whose behalf
such notice is being given,
(A) the name and address of each such
person and of each Shareholder Associate of each such
person;
(B) (1) the class or series and
number of all Shares which are owned beneficially or
of record by each such person and each Shareholder
Associate of each such person,
(2) whether and the extent to
which any derivative instrument, swap, option,
warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest
or other transaction has been entered into by or
on behalf of any such person, or any Shareholder
Associate of any such person, with respect to
Shares, and
(3) whether and the extent to
which any other transaction, agreement,
arrangement or understanding (including any short
position or any borrowing or lending of Shares)
has been made by or on behalf of any such person,
or any Shareholder Associate of any such person,
where the effect or intent of any of the
foregoing is to mitigate loss to, or to manage
risk or benefit of Share price changes for, any
such person, or any Shareholder Associate of any
such person, or to increase or decrease the
voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of
any such person, or any Shareholder Associate of
any such person, with respect to Shares;
(C) a description of all agreements,
arrangements, or understandings (whether written or
oral) between or among any such person, or any
Shareholder Associate of any such person, and any
other person or persons (including their names) in
connection with the proposal of such business and any
material interest of such person or any Shareholder
Associate of any such person, in such business,
including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such
person, or any Shareholder Associate of any such
person;
(D) a description of all commercial
and professional relationships and transactions
between or among any such person, or any Shareholder
Associate of any such person, and any other person or
persons known to such person or Shareholder Associate
to have a material interest in the matter that is the
subject of such notice;
(E) all information relating to each
such person and each Shareholder Associate of each
such person that would be required to be disclosed in
a proxy statement or other filing required to be made
in connection with the solicitation of proxies by any
such person with respect to the proposed business to
be brought by any such person before the annual
meeting pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act;
and
(F) a representation that the
shareholder of record giving notice intends to appear
in person or by proxy at the annual meeting to bring
such business before the meeting.
(e) A shareholder of record providing notice of
business proposed to be brought before an annual meeting shall
further update and supplement such notice, if necessary, so that
the information provided or required to be provided in such
notice pursuant to this Section 1.8 of this Article I shall be
true and correct as of the record date for determining the
shareholders entitled to receive notice of the annual meeting
and such update and supplement shall be delivered to or be
mailed and received by the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the Fund not later than five (5) business days after
the record date for determining the shareholders entitled to
receive notice of the annual meeting.
(f) No business (other than nominations for
election to the Board of Trustees, which must comply with the
provisions of Section 1.9 of this Article I) shall be conducted
at the annual meeting of shareholders except business brought
before the annual meeting in accordance with the procedures set
forth in this Section 1.8 of this Article I. If the chair of an
annual meeting determines that business was not properly brought
before the annual meeting in accordance with the foregoing
procedures, the chair shall declare to the meeting that the
business was not properly brought before the meeting and such
business shall not be transacted at the meeting.
(g) Nothing contained in this Section 1.8 of
this Article I shall be deemed to affect any rights of
shareholders to request inclusion of proposals in the Fund's
proxy statement pursuant to Rule 14a-8 under the Exchange Act
(or any successor provision of law).
(h) If information submitted pursuant to this
Section 1.8 of this Article I by any shareholder proposing to
bring a matter before the annual meeting shall be inaccurate or
incomplete in any material respect, such information may be
deemed not to have been provided, and the notice in respect of
which such information is required by this Section 1.8 may be
deemed not to have been made, in accordance with this Section
1.8 of this Article I. Any such shareholder shall notify the
Fund of any inaccuracy or incompleteness (within two business
days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such
information.
Section 1.9 Nomination of Trustees .
(a) Only persons who are nominated in accordance
with the following procedures shall be eligible for election as
Trustees of the Fund. Nominations of persons for election to
the Board of Trustees may be made only at any annual meeting of
shareholders, except to the extent otherwise required by the
1940 Act:
(i) by or at the direction of the Board of
Trustees (or any duly authorized committee thereof), or
(ii) by any shareholder(s) of record of the
Fund:
(A) who is a shareholder or are
shareholders of record on the date such shareholder(s)
give the notice provided for in this Section 1.9 of
this Article I and on the record date for the
determination of shareholders entitled to notice of
and to vote at such annual meeting; and
(B) who complies or comply with the
notice procedures set forth in this Section 1.9 of
this Article I.
(b) In addition to any other applicable
requirements, for a nomination to be made by one or more
shareholder(s) of record, such shareholder(s) must have given
timely notice thereof in proper written form to the Secretary of
the Fund.
(c) To be timely, a record shareholder's notice
to the Secretary must be delivered to or be mailed and received
at the principal executive offices of the Fund:
(i) in the case of an annual meeting, not
less than one hundred and twenty (120) days nor more than
one hundred and fifty (150) days prior to the anniversary
date of the immediately preceding annual meeting of
shareholders; provided, however, that such notice for the
2011 annual meeting of shareholders shall be delivered to
the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Fund neither earlier than 9:00 a.m., Eastern Time, on the
120th day nor later than 5:00 p.m., Eastern Time, on the
90th day before the first anniversary of the date of the
proxy statement for the preceding year's annual meeting of
shareholders; provided, further, however, that in the event
that an annual meeting is called for a date that is not
within twenty-five (25) days before or after such
anniversary date, notice by the shareholder of record in
order to be timely must be so received not later than the
close of business on the tenth (10th) day following the day
on which such notice of the date of the annual meeting was
mailed or such public disclosure of the date of the annual
meeting was made, whichever first occurs; and
(ii) in no event shall the adjournment or
postponement of an annual meeting, or the public
announcement of such an adjournment or postponement,
commence a new time period (or extend any time period) for
the giving of notice as described above.
(d) To be in proper written form, a notice from
one or more record shareholders to the Secretary must set forth
the following information:
(i) as to each person whom the shareholder
of record proposes to nominate for election as a Trustee (a
"Proposed Nominee XE "Proposed Nominee" ") and each
Proposed Nominee Associate of each such person:
(A) the name, age, business address
and residence address of such Proposed Nominee and of
each Proposed Nominee Associate of such Proposed
Nominee;
(B) the principal occupation or
employment of such Proposed Nominee;
(C) (1) the number of shares of each
class or series of Shares which are owned beneficially
or of record, directly or indirectly, by such Proposed
Nominee and each Proposed Nominee Associate of such
Proposed Nominee, and the name and address of the
record holder(s) of such Shares (if different than the
beneficial owner(s)) as they appear on the records of
the Fund,
(2) whether and the extent to
which any derivative instrument, swap, option,
warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest
or other transaction has been entered into by or
on behalf of such Proposed Nominee, or by or on
behalf of any Proposed Nominee Associate of such
Proposed Nominee, with respect to Shares,
(3) whether and the extent to
which any other transaction, agreement,
arrangement or understanding (including any short
position or any borrowing or lending of Shares)
has been made by or on behalf of such Proposed
Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associate, where
the effect or intent of any of the foregoing is
to mitigate loss to, or to manage risk or benefit
of share price changes for, such Proposed
Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associate of
such Proposed Nominee, or to increase or decrease
the voting power or pecuniary or economic
interest of such Proposed Nominee, or any
Proposed Nominee Associate of such Proposed
Nominee, with respect to the Shares,
(4) a description of all
agreements, arrangements, or understandings
(whether written or oral) between such Proposed
Nominee, and any Proposed Nominee Associate of
such Proposed Nominee, and any material interest
of such Proposed Nominee Associate, in such
nomination, including any anticipated benefit
therefrom to such Proposed Nominee Associate,
(5) a description of all
commercial and professional relationships and
transactions between or among such Proposed
Nominee, or any Proposed Nominee Associate, and
any other person or persons known to such person
or Proposed Nominee Associate to have a material
interest in such nominations,
(6) a representation as to
whether such Proposed Nominee is an "interested
person," as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the
1940 Act, of the Fund and sufficient information
about the Proposed Nominee to permit counsel to
the Fund to confirm such representation,
including information with respect to each
relationship set forth in Section 2(a)(19) of the
1940 Act which may cause such Proposed Nominee to
be an interested person of the Fund or a
representation that no such relationship exists,
and
(7) all information necessary to
establish that the Proposed Nominee satisfies the
Trustee qualifications as set out in Section 2.3
of Article II of these By-Laws;
(D) all information relating to such
Proposed Nominee and each Proposed Nominee Associate
of such Proposed Nominee that would be required to be
disclosed in a proxy statement or other filings
required to be made in connection with solicitations
of proxies for election of Trustees in an election
contest pursuant to Section 14 of the Exchange Act
(even if an election contest is not involved); and
(ii) as to each shareholder of record giving
the notice, and each beneficial owner, if different than
the shareholder of record, on whose behalf the nomination
is being made,
(A) the name and record address of
such person and of each Shareholder Associate of each
such person;
(B) (1) the number of shares of each
class or series of Shares which are owned beneficially
or of record, directly or indirectly, by such person
and each Shareholder Associate of such person,
(2) whether and the extent to
which any derivative instrument, swap, option,
warrant, short interest, hedge or profit interest
or other transaction has been entered into by or
on behalf of such person, or by or on behalf of
any Shareholder Associate, with respect to
Shares, and
(3) whether and the extent to
which any other transaction, agreement,
arrangement or understanding (including any short
position or any borrowing or lending of Shares)
has been made by or on behalf of such person, or
by or on behalf of any Shareholder Associate of
such person, when the effect or intent of any of
the foregoing being is to mitigate loss to, or to
manage risk or benefit of Share price changes
for, such person, or any Shareholder Associate of
such person, or to increase or decrease the
voting power or pecuniary or economic interest of
such person, or any Shareholder Associate of such
person, with respect to Shares;
(C) a description of all agreements,
arrangements, or understandings (whether written or
oral) between such person, and any Shareholder
Associate of such person, and any proposed nominee or
any other person or persons (including their names)
pursuant to which the nomination(s) are being made by
such person, and any material interest of such person,
and any Shareholder Associate, in such nomination,
including any anticipated benefit therefrom to such
person, and any Shareholder Associate of such person;
(D) a description of all commercial
and professional relationships and transactions
between or among any such person, or any Shareholder
Associate of any such person, and any other person or
persons known to such person or Shareholder Associate
to have a material interest in such nomination;
(E) all information relating to such
person and each Shareholder Associate of such person
that would be required to be disclosed in a proxy
statement or other filings required to be made in
connection with the solicitation of proxies for
election of Trustees in an election contest pursuant
to Section 14 of the Exchange Act (even if an election
contest is not involved);
(F) a representation that the
shareholder(s) giving notice intends to appear in
person or by proxy at the annual meeting to nominate
the person(s) named in the notice.
(iii) Such notice must be accompanied by
a certificate executed by the Proposed Nominee certifying
that such Proposed Nominee (a) is not, and will not become
a party to, any agreement, arrangement or understanding
with any person or entity other than the Fund in connection
with service or action as a Trustee of the Fund that has
not been disclosed to the Fund, (b) will serve as a Trustee
of the Fund if elected, and (c) satisfies the Trustee
qualifications as set out in Section 2.3 of Article II of
these By-Laws.
(e) A shareholder or shareholders of record
providing notice of any nomination proposed to be made at an
annual meeting shall further update and supplement such notice,
if necessary, so that:
(i) the information provided or required
to be provided in such notice pursuant to this Section 1.9
of this Article I shall be true and correct as of the
record date for determining the shareholders entitled to
receive notice of the annual meeting, and such update and
supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed and received
by the Secretary at the principal executive offices of the
Fund not later than five (5) business days after the record
date for determining the shareholders entitled to receive
notice of such annual meeting; and
(ii) any subsequent information reasonably
requested by the Board of Trustees to determine that the
Proposed Nominee has met the Trustee qualifications as set
out in Section 2.3 of this Article II is provided, and such
update and supplement shall be delivered to or be mailed
and received by the Secretary at the principal executive
offices of the Fund not later than five (5) business days
after the request by the Board of Trustees for subsequent
information regarding Trustee qualifications has been
delivered to or mailed and received by such shareholder of
record, or group of shareholders of record, providing
notice of any nomination.
(f) No person shall be eligible for election as
a Trustee of the Fund unless nominated in accordance with the
procedures set forth in this Section 1.9 of this Article I. If
the chair of the meeting determines that a nomination was not
made in accordance with the foregoing procedures, the chair
shall declare to the meeting that the nomination was defective
and such defective nomination shall be disregarded.
(g) Notwithstanding any provision of this
Section 1.9 of this Article I to the contrary, a nomination of
persons for election to the Board of Trustees may be submitted
for inclusion in the Fund's proxy materials to the extent
required by rules adopted from time to time by the SEC providing
for such nominations and inclusion and interpretations thereof
("proxy access rules XE "proxy access rules" "), and, if such
nomination is submitted under the proxy access rules, such
submission:
(i) in order to be timely, must be
delivered to, or be mailed and received by, the Secretary
at the principal executive offices of the Fund no later
than 120 calendar days before the anniversary of the date
that the Fund mailed (or otherwise disseminated) its proxy
materials for the prior year's annual meeting (or such
other date as may be set forth in the proxy access rules
for companies without advance notice bylaws);
(ii) in all other respects, must be made
pursuant to, and in accordance with, the terms of the proxy
access rules, as in effect at the time of the nomination,
or any successor rules or regulations of the SEC then in
effect; and
(iii) must provide the Fund with any
other information required by this Section 1.9 of this
Article I, by applicable law, the Declaration or a
resolution of the Trustees for nominations not made under
the proxy access rules, except to the extent that requiring
such information to be furnished is prohibited by the proxy
access rules. The provisions of this paragraph (g) of this
Section 1.9 of this Article I do not provide shareholders
of the Fund with any rights, nor impose upon the Fund any
obligations, other than the rights and obligations set
forth in the proxy access rules.
(h) If information submitted pursuant to this
Section 1.9 of this Article I by any shareholder proposing a
nominee for election as a Trustee shall be inaccurate or
incomplete in any material respect, such information may be
deemed not to have been provided, and the nomination in respect
of which such information is required by this Section 1.9 may be
deemed not to have been made, in accordance with this Section
1.9 of this Article I. Any such shareholder shall notify the
Fund of any inaccuracy or incompleteness (within two business
days of becoming aware of such inaccuracy or change) in any such
information.
Section 1.10 Conduct of Meetings . The Board of
Trustees of the Fund may adopt by resolution such rules and
regulations for the conduct of any meeting of the shareholders
as it shall deem appropriate. Every meeting of the stockholders
shall be conducted by an individual appointed by the Board of
Trustees to be chairman of the meeting or, in the absence of
such appointment or appointed individual, by the chairman of the
Board of Trustees, by one of the officers present at the
meeting, and if no officer is present, by the stockholders by
the vote of a majority of the votes cast by stockholders present
in person or by proxy. In the discretion of the chairman of the
meeting selected pursuant to the foregoing provisions of this
Section 1.10, the lead independent Trustee may conduct such
meeting of shareholders in lieu of the individual selected
pursuant to the foregoing provisions. The Secretary, or, in the
Secretary's absence, an Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence
of both the Secretary and Assistant Secretaries, an individual
appointed by the Board of Trustees or, in the absence of such
appointment, an individual appointed by the chairman of the
meeting shall act as secretary of the meeting. In the event
that the Secretary presides at a meeting of the stockholders, an
Assistant Secretary, or, in the absence of Assistant
Secretaries, an individual appointed by the Board of Trustees or
the chairman of the meeting, shall record the minutes of the
meeting. Except to the extent inconsistent with such rules and
regulations as adopted by the Board of Trustees, the chairman of
any meeting of the shareholders shall have the right and
authority to prescribe such rules, regulations and procedures
and to do all such acts as, in the judgment of such chairman,
are appropriate for the proper conduct of the meeting. Such
rules, regulations or procedures, whether adopted by the Board
of Trustees or prescribed by the chairman of the meeting, may
include, without limitation, the following: (a) the
establishment of an agenda or order of business for the meeting;
(b) the determination of when the meeting shall formally
commence; (c) the determination of rules for adjournment of the
meeting prior to or after the formal commencement of the
meeting; (d) concluding a meeting or recessing or adjourning the
meeting to a later date and time and at a place announced at the
meeting; (e) the determination of when the polls shall open and
close for any given matter to be voted on at the meeting; (f)
rules and procedures for maintaining order at the meeting and
the safety of those present, including without limitation
removing any individual who refuses to comply with meeting
procedures; (g) limitations on attendance at and participation
in the meeting to shareholders, their duly authorized and
constituted proxies or such other persons as the chairman of the
meeting shall determine; (h) restrictions on entry to the
meeting after the time fixed for the commencement thereof;
(i) limitations on the time allotted to questions or comments by
shareholders; (j) the extent to which, if any, other
participants are permitted to speak; and (k) removing any
shareholder or any other individual who refused to comply with
meeting procedures, rules or guidelines as set forth by the
chairman of the meeting.
Section 1.11 Postponements; Adjournments . The Board
of Trustees may, prior to a meeting of shareholders being
convened, postpone such meeting from time to time to a date not
more than 130 days after the original record date. The chairman
of any meeting of the shareholders may adjourn the meeting from
time to time to reconvene at the same or some other place, and
notice need not be given of any such adjourned meeting if the
time and place, if any, thereof and the means of remote
communications, if any, by which shareholders and proxyholders
may be deemed to be present in person and vote at such adjourned
meeting are announced at the meeting at which the adjournment is
taken. At the adjourned meeting, the Fund may transact any
business which might have been transacted at the original
meeting. Any adjourned meeting may be held as adjourned one or
more times without further notice not later than one hundred and
thirty (130) days after the record date.
ARTICLE II
TRUSTEES
Section 2.1 Annual and Regular Meetings . Meetings
of the Trustees shall be held from time to time upon the call of
the Chairman, if any, the President, the Secretary or any two
Trustees. Regular meetings of the Trustees may be held without
call or notice and shall generally be held quarterly. Except as
required by applicable law, neither the business to be
transacted at, nor the purpose of, any meeting of the Board of
Trustees need be stated in the notice or waiver of notice of
such meeting, and no notice need be given of action proposed to
be taken by written consent.
Section 2.2 Chairman; Records . The Chairman, if
any, shall act as chairman at all meetings of the Trustees; in
absence of the Chairman, the Trustees present shall elect one of
their number to act as temporary chairman. The results of all
actions taken at a meeting of the Trustees, or by the written
consent of a majority of the Trustees, shall be recorded by the
Secretary of the Fund or such other person appointed by the
Board of Trustees as the meeting secretary.
Section 2.3 Qualification .
(a) After Shares have been publicly offered,
only persons satisfying the following qualification requirements
applicable to all Trustees may be nominated, elected, appointed,
qualified or seated ("nominated or seated XE "nominated or
seated" ") to serve as a Trustee unless a majority of the Board
of Trustees then in office shall have determined by resolution
that failure to satisfy a particular qualification requirement
will not present undue conflicts or impede the ability of the
individual to discharge the duties of a Trustee or the free flow
of information among Trustees or between the Fund's investment
adviser and the Board of Trustees:
(i) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall be at least twenty-one (21) years of age and
not older than such age as shall be set forth in a written
instrument signed or adopted by not less than two-thirds of
the Trustees then in office and not under legal disability;
(ii) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall, at the time the individual is nominated or
seated, serve as a director of no more than 5 companies
having securities registered under the Exchange Act or
treated as public reporting companies under any comparable
regulatory regime (investment companies having the same
investment adviser or investment advisers in a control
relationship with each other shall all be counted as a
single company for this purpose);
(iii) Except as set forth in this
Section 2.3 of this Article II, an individual nominated or
seated as a Trustee shall not be an employee, officer,
partner, member, director or record or beneficial owner of
5% or more of any class of securities of (A) any investment
adviser or person in a control relationship with such
investment adviser (other than the Fund's investment
adviser or any investment adviser in a control relationship
with the Fund's investment adviser), (B) any collective
investment vehicle, including the Fund, primarily engaged
in the business of investing in "investment securities" (as
defined in the 1940 Act) (an "investment fund XE
"investment company" ") (other than by reason of being an
employee, officer, partner, member, director or controlling
person of the Fund's investment adviser, any investment
adviser in a control relationship with the Fund's
investment adviser or any person in a control relationship
with any of the foregoing) or (C) an entity controlling or
controlled by any investment adviser (other than the Fund's
investment adviser or any investment adviser in a control
relationship with the Fund's investment adviser or any
person in a control relationship with any of the foregoing)
or investment fund;
(iv) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not have been charged (unless such charges
were dismissed or the individual was otherwise exonerated)
with a criminal offense involving moral turpitude,
dishonesty or breach of trust, or have been convicted or
have pled guilty or nolo contendere with respect to a
felony under the laws of the United States or any state
thereof;
(v) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not be and shall not have been subject to any
censure, order, consent decree (including consent decrees
in which the respondent has neither admitted nor denied the
findings) or adverse final action of any federal, state or
foreign governmental or regulatory authority (including
self-regulatory organizations), barring or suspending such
individual from participation in or association with any
investment-related business or restricting such
individual's activities with respect to any investment-
related business (collectively, "Prohibited Conduct XE
"Prohibited Conduct" "), nor shall an individual
nominated or seated as a Trustee be the subject of any
investigation or proceeding that could reasonably be
expected to result in an individual nominated or seated as
a Trustee failing to satisfy the requirements of this
paragraph, nor shall any individual nominated or seated as
a Trustee be or have engaged in any conduct which has
resulted in, or could have reasonably been expected or
would reasonably be expected to result in, the SEC
censuring, placing limitations on the activities,
functions, or operations of, suspending, or revoking the
registration of any investment adviser under Section 203(e)
or (f) of the Investment Advisers Act of 1940;
(vi) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not be and shall not have been the subject of
any of the ineligibility provisions contained in Section
9(a) of the 1940 Act that would result in, or could have
reasonably been expected or would reasonably be expected to
result in such individual or a company of which such
individual is an affiliated person (as defined in Section
2(a)(3) of the 1940 Act) being ineligible, in the absence
of an exemptive order under Section 9(c) of the 1940 Act,
to serve or act in the capacity of employee, officer,
director, member of an advisory board, investment adviser,
or depositor of any registered investment company, or
principal underwriter for any registered investment
company, registered unit investment trust, or registered
face-amount certificate company;
(vii) An individual nominated or seated
as a Trustee shall not be and shall not have been the
subject of any of the ineligibility provisions contained in
Section 9(b) of the 1940 Act that, in the absence of an
exemptive order under Section 9(c) of the 1940 Act, would
permit, or could reasonably have been expected or would
reasonably be expected to permit the SEC by order to
prohibit, conditionally or unconditionally, either
permanently or for a period of time, such individual from
serving or acting as an employee, officer, director, member
of an advisory board, investment adviser or depositor of,
or principal underwriter for, a registered investment
company or affiliated person (as defined in Section 2(a)(3)
of the 1940 Act) of such investment adviser, depositor, or
principal underwriter;
(viii) An individual nominated or seated
as an Independent Trustee shall not be an "interested
person," as defined under Section 2(a)(19) of the 1940 Act,
of the Fund;
(ix) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not be the beneficial owner of, or be a
person party to an agreement, arrangement, understanding or
practice for sharing information or decisions concerning
shareholder actions or the acquisition, disposition or
voting of Shares, who in the aggregate are the beneficial
owners of 5% or more of the outstanding shares of any class
of Shares of the Fund (each such person other than the
Fund's investment adviser, any investment adviser in a
control relationship with the Fund's investment adviser or
any person in a control relationship with any of the
foregoing, a "5% Holder XE "5% Holder" ") and shall not
have a Disclosure Relationship with a 5% Holder;
(x) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of such
nominee shall not, be employed or have been employed within
the last two full calendar years and current year by, or
have, or have had within the last two full calendar years
and current year any material commercial or professional
relationship with, any 5% Holder or any person who
controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or
acts in concert with any 5% Holder;
(xi) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of such
nominee shall not, have accepted directly or indirectly,
during the calendar year of the election for which such
individual is nominated or seated or during the immediately
preceding calendar year, any consulting, advisory, or other
compensatory fee from any 5% Holder or from any person who
controls, is controlled by, is under common control with or
acts in concert with any 5% Holder;
(xii) An individual nominated or seated
as a Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of
such nominee shall not, be an officer, director, general
partner or managing member (or person performing similar
functions) of any 5% Holder or of any person who controls,
is controlled by, is under common control with or acting in
concert with a 5% Holder;
(xiii) An individual nominated or seated
as a Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of
such nominee shall not, be employed or have been employed
within the last two full calendar years and the current
year by any investment fund or any company or companies
controlled by one or more investment funds which in the
aggregate beneficially own (A) more than three percent (3%)
of the outstanding voting Shares of the Fund, (B)
securities issued by the Fund having an aggregate value in
excess of five percent (5%) of the total assets of such
investment fund and any company or companies controlled by
such investment fund, (C) securities issued by the Fund and
by all other investment funds having an aggregate value in
excess of ten percent (10%) of the total assets of the
investment company making such investment and any company
or companies controlled by the investment fund making such
investment, or (D) together with other investment funds
having the same investment adviser and companies controlled
by such investment funds, more than ten percent (10%) of
the total outstanding Shares of the Fund (an investment
fund making such investment(s) and any company or companies
controlled by it in the aggregate owning securities in
excess of the amounts set forth in (A), (B), (C) or (D),
but excluding any investment fund managed by the Fund's
investment adviser or an investment adviser in a control
relationship with the Fund's investment adviser, being
referred to as a "12(d) Holder XE "12(d) Holder" "), or
by any person who controls, is controlled by, under common
control with or acts in concert with a 12(d) Holder;
(xiv) An individual nominated or seated
as a Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of
such nominee shall not, have accepted directly or
indirectly, during the calendar year of the election for
which such individual is nominated or seated, or during the
immediately preceding calendar year, any consulting,
advisory, or other compensatory fee from any 12(d) Holder
or from any person who controls, is controlled by, is under
common control with or acts in concert with any 12(d)
Holder;
(xv) An individual nominated or seated as a
Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of such
nominee shall not, be an officer, director, partner or
managing member (or person performing similar functions) of
any 12(d) Holder or of any person who controls, is
controlled by, is under common control with or is acting in
concert with a 12(d) Holder; and
(xvi) An individual nominated or seated
as a Trustee shall not, and any immediate family member of
such nominee shall not, control or act in concert with any
12(d) Holder or any person who controls, is controlled by,
is under common control with or is acting in concert with a
12(d) Holder.
Section 2.4 Governance . The Board of Trustees may
from time to time require all its members (including any
individual nominated to serve as a Trustee) to agree in writing
as to matters of corporate governance, business ethics and
confidentiality while such persons serve as a Trustee, such
agreement to be on the terms and in a form determined
satisfactory by the Board of Trustees, as amended and
supplemented from time to time in the discretion of the Board of
Trustees.
ARTICLE III
OFFICERS
Section 3.1 Officers of the Fund . The officers of
the Fund shall consist of a President, a Secretary, a Treasurer
and such other officers or assistant officers as may be elected
or authorized by the Trustees. Any two or more of the offices
may be held by the same Person, except that the same person may
not be both President and Secretary. No officer of the Fund
need be a Trustee.
Section 3.2 Election and Tenure . At the initial
organization meeting, the Trustees shall elect the President,
Secretary, Treasurer and such other officers as the Trustees
shall deem necessary or appropriate in order to carry out the
business of the Fund. Such officers shall serve at the pleasure
of the Trustees or until their successors have been duly elected
and qualified. The Trustees may fill any vacancy in office or
add any additional officers at any time.
Section 3.3 Removal of Officers . Any officer may
be removed at any time, with or without cause, by action of a
majority of the Trustees. This provision shall not prevent the
making of a contract of employment for a definite term with any
officer and shall have no effect upon any cause of action which
any officer may have as a result of removal in breach of a
contract of employment. Any officer may resign at any time by
notice in writing signed by such officer and delivered or mailed
to the Chairman, if any, President, or Secretary, and such
resignation shall take effect immediately upon receipt by the
Chairman, if any, President, or Secretary, or at a later date
according to the terms of such notice in writing.
Section 3.4 Bonds and Surety . Any officer may be
required by the Trustees to be bonded for the faithful
performance of such officer's duties in such amount and with
such sureties as the Trustees may determine.
Section 3.5 Chairman, President, and Vice
Presidents . The Chairman, if any, shall, if present, preside at
all meetings of the shareholders and of the Trustees. The
President shall be the chief executive officer of the Fund and,
subject to the control of the Trustees, shall have general
supervision, direction and control of the business of the Fund
and of its employees and shall exercise such general powers of
management as are usually vested in the office of President of a
corporation. Subject to direction of the Trustees, the President
shall each have power in the name and on behalf of the Fund to
execute any and all loans, documents, contracts, agreements,
deeds, mortgages, registration statements, applications,
requests, filings and other instruments in writing, and to
employ and discharge employees and agents of the Fund. Unless
otherwise directed by the Trustees, the President shall have
full authority and power, on behalf of all of the Trustees, to
attend and to act and to vote, on behalf of the Fund at any
meetings of business organizations in which the Fund holds an
interest, or to confer such powers upon any other persons, by
executing any proxies duly authorizing such persons. The
President shall have such further authorities and duties as the
Trustees shall from time to time determine. In the absence or
disability of the President, the Vice-Presidents in order of
their rank as fixed by the Trustees or, if more than one and not
ranked, the Vice-President designated by the Trustees, shall
perform all of the duties of the President, and when so acting
shall have all the powers of and be subject to all of the
restrictions upon the President. Subject to the direction of the
Trustees, and of the President, each Vice-President shall have
the power in the name and on behalf of the Fund to execute any
and all instruments in writing, and, in addition, shall have
such other duties and powers as shall be designated from time to
time by the Trustees or by the President.
Section 3.6 Secretary . The Secretary shall
maintain the minutes of all meetings of, and record all votes
of, shareholders, Trustees and the Executive Committee, if any.
The Secretary shall be custodian of the seal of the Fund, if
any, and the Secretary (and any other person so authorized by
the Trustees) shall affix the seal, or if permitted, facsimile
thereof, to any instrument executed by the Fund which would be
sealed by a Delaware business corporation executing the same or
a similar instrument and shall attest the seal and the signature
or signatures of the officer or officers executing such
instrument on behalf of the Fund. The Secretary shall also
perform any other duties commonly incident to such office in a
Delaware business corporation, and shall have such other
authorities and duties as the Trustees shall from time to time
determine.
Section 3.7 Treasurer . Except as otherwise
directed by the Trustees, the Treasurer shall have the general
supervision of the monies, funds, securities, notes receivable
and other valuable papers and documents of the Fund, and shall
have and exercise under the supervision of the Trustees and of
the President all powers and duties normally incident to the
office. The Treasurer may endorse for deposit or collection all
notes, checks and other instruments payable to the Fund or to
its order. The Treasurer shall deposit all funds of the Fund in
such depositories as the Trustees shall designate. The Treasurer
shall be responsible for such disbursement of the funds of the
Fund as may be ordered by the Trustees or the President. The
Treasurer shall keep accurate account of the books of the Fund's
transactions which shall be the property of the Fund, and which
together with all other property of the Fund in the Treasurer's
possession, shall be subject at all times to the inspection and
control of the Trustees. Unless the Trustees shall otherwise
determine, the Treasurer shall be the principal accounting
officer of the Fund and shall also be the principal financial
officer of the Fund. The Treasurer shall have such other duties
and authorities as the Trustees shall from time to time
determine.
Section 3.8 Other Officers and Duties . The
Trustees may elect such other officers and assistant officers as
they shall from time to time determine to be necessary or
desirable in order to conduct the business of the Fund.
Assistant officers shall act generally in the absence of the
officer whom they assist and shall assist that officer in the
duties of the office. Each officer, employee and agent of the
Fund shall have such other duties and authority as may be
conferred upon such person by the Trustees or delegated to such
person by the President.
ARTICLE IV
MISCELLANEOUS
Section 4.1 Depositories . The funds of the Fund
shall be deposited in such custodians as the Trustees shall
designate and shall be drawn out on checks, drafts or other
orders signed by such officer, officers, agent or agents
(including the adviser, administrator or manager), as the
Trustees may from time to time authorize.
Section 4.2 Signatures . All contracts and other
instruments shall be executed on behalf of the Fund by its
properly authorized officers, agent or agents, as provided in
the Declaration or By-Laws or as the Trustees may from time to
time by resolution provide.
Section 4.3 Seal . The Fund is not required to have
any seal, and the adoption or use of a seal shall be purely
ornamental and be of no legal effect. The seal, if any, of the
Fund, may be affixed to any instrument, and the seal and its
attestation may be lithographed, engraved or otherwise printed
on any document with the same force and effect as if it had been
imprinted and affixed manually in the same manner and with the
same force and effect as if done by a Delaware business
corporation. The presence or absence of a seal shall have no
effect on the validity, enforceability or binding nature of any
document or instrument that is otherwise duly authorized,
executed and delivered.
Section 4.4 Disclosure of Holdings . The holders of
Shares or other securities of the Fund shall upon demand
disclose to the Trustees in writing such information with
respect to direct and indirect ownership, control over, holding
with power to vote or other beneficial ownership of Shares or
other securities of the Fund as the Trustees deem necessary or
appropriate.
Section 4.5 Governing Law . These By-Laws and the
rights of all parties and the validity and construction of every
provision hereof shall be subject to and construed according to
the laws of the state in which the Fund was formed, although
such law shall not be viewed as limiting the powers otherwise
granted to the Trustees hereunder and any ambiguity shall be
viewed in favor of such powers.
Section 4.6 Provisions in Conflict with Law or
Regulation .
(a) The provisions of these By-Laws are
severable, and if the Trustees shall determine, with the advice
of counsel, that any of such provisions is in conflict with the
1940 Act, the regulated investment company provisions of the
Code or with other applicable laws and regulations, the
conflicting provision shall be deemed never to have constituted
a part of these By-Laws; provided, however, that such
determination shall not affect any of the remaining provisions
of these By-Laws or render invalid or improper any action taken
or omitted prior to such determination.
(b) If any provision of these By-Laws shall be
held invalid or unenforceable in any jurisdiction, such
invalidity or unenforceability shall attach only to such
provision in such jurisdiction and shall not in any manner
affect such provision in any other jurisdiction or any other
provision of these By-Laws in any jurisdiction.
ARTICLE V
SHARE TRANSFERS
Section 5.1 Transfer Agents, Registrars and the
Like . As provided in Section 5.7 of the Declaration, the
Trustees shall have authority to employ and compensate such
transfer agents and registrars with respect to the Shares of the
various classes and series, if any, of the Fund as the Trustees
shall deem necessary or desirable. In addition, the Trustees
shall have power to employ and compensate such dividend
disbursing agents, warrant agents and agents for the
reinvestment of dividends as they shall deem necessary or
desirable. Any of such agents shall have such power and
authority as is delegated to any of them by the Trustees.
Section 5.2 Transfer of Shares . The Shares of the
Fund shall be transferable on the books of the Fund only upon
delivery to the Trustees or a transfer agent of the Fund of
proper documentation as provided in Section 5.8 of the
Declaration. The Fund, or its transfer agents, shall be
authorized to refuse any transfer unless and until presentation
of such evidence as may be reasonably required to show that the
requested transfer is proper.
Section 5.3 Registered Shareholders . The Fund may
deem and treat the holder of record of any Shares as the
absolute owner thereof for all purposes and shall not be
required to take any notice of any right or claim of right of
any other person.
ARTICLE VI
AMENDMENT OF BY-LAWS
Section 6.1 Amendment and Repeal of By-Laws . In
accordance with Section 3.8 of the Declaration, only the
Trustees shall have the power to amend or repeal the By-Laws or
adopt new By-Laws at any time. Action by the Trustees with
respect to the By-Laws shall be taken by an affirmative vote of
a majority of the Trustees then in office. The Trustees shall in
no event adopt By-Laws which are in conflict with the
Declaration, and any apparent inconsistency shall be construed
in favor of the related provisions in the Declaration.
Amended by the Board of Trustees on: February , 2011
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Board of Trustees and Shareholders of The Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust:
In planning and performing our audit of the financial statements of The Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust ("the Fund") as of and for the year ended December 31, 2010, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), we considered the Fund's internal control over financial reporting, including controls over safeguarding securities, as a basis for designing our auditing procedures for the purpose of expressing our opinion on the financial statements and to comply with the requirements of Form N-SAR, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund's internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we do not express an opinion on the effectiveness of the Fund's internal control over financial reporting.
The management of the Fund is responsible for establishing and maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting. In fulfilling this responsibility, estimates and judgments by management are required to assess the expected benefits and related costs of controls. A fund's internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A fund's internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the fund; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the fund are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and trustees of the fund; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use or disposition of a fund's assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
A deficiency in internal control over financial reporting exists when the design or operation of a control does not allow management or employees, in the normal course of performing their assigned functions, to prevent or detect misstatements on a timely basis. A material weakness is a deficiency, or a combination of deficiencies, in internal control over financial reporting, such that there is a reasonable possibility that a material misstatement of the Fund's annual or interim financial statements will not be prevented or detected on a timely basis.
Our consideration of the Fund's internal control over financial reporting was for the limited purpose described in the first paragraph and would not necessarily disclose all deficiencies in internal control over financial reporting that might be material weaknesses under standards established by the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). However, we noted no deficiencies in the Fund's internal control over financial reporting and its operation, including controls over safeguarding securities, that we consider to be material weaknesses as defined above as of December 31, 2010.
This report is intended solely for the information and use of management and the Board of Trustees of The Gabelli Global Gold, Natural Resources & Income Trust and the Securities and Exchange Commission and is not intended to be and should not be used by anyone other than these specified parties.
/s/ PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP New York, New York February 28, 2011 |
PricewaterhouseCoopers LLP, 300 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10017 T: (646) 471 3000, F: (646) 471 8320, www.pwc.com/us