United States
Securities and Exchange Commission
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-SB
GENERAL FORM FOR REGISTRATION OF SECURITIES
OF SMALL BUSINESS ISSUERS
Under Section 12(b) or (g) of The Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Nevada 82-049-7368 ------------------------------- ------------------- (State or other jurisdiction of (I.R.S. Employer incorporation or organization) Identification No.) 2601 Annand Dr., Suite #16, Wilmington, Delaware 19808 ------------------------------------------------ ---------- (Address of principal executive offices) (Zip Code) Issuer's telephone number (302) 998-8824 ----------------- |
Securities to be registered under Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of each class Name of each exchange on which to be so registered each class is to be registered ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ |
Securities to be registered under Section 12(g) of the Act:
INFORMATION REQUIRED IN REGISTRATION STATEMENT
Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This registration statement contains forward-looking statements. These statements relate to future events or future financial performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties and other factors that may cause our company or its industry's actual results, levels of activity, performance or achievements to be materially different from any future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements expressed or implied by the forward- looking statements.
In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as "may," "will," "should," "expects," "plans," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "predicts," "potential," or the negative of these terms or other comparable terminology. These statements are only predictions. Actual events or results may differ materially. Although our Company believes that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, our Company cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance or achievements. The forward-looking statements are based on our beliefs, assumptions and expectations of our future performance, taking into account information currently available to us. These beliefs, assumptions and expectations can change as a result of many possible events or factors, including those events and factors described by us in "Description of Business-Risk Factors," not all of which are known to us. Our Company is under no duty to update any of the forward-looking statements after the effective time of this date of this registration statement to conform its prior statements to actual results.
Further, this registration statement contains forward looking statements that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. Such statements include, without limitation, all statements as to expectation or belief and statements as to our future results of operations, the progress of any research and product development, the need for, and timing of, additional capital and capital expenditures, partnering prospects, the protection of and the need for additional intellectual property rights, effects of regulations, the need for additional facilities and potential market opportunities. Our company' actual results may vary materially from those contained in such forward-looking statements because of risks to which our company is subject, such as lack of available funding, competition from third parties, intellectual property rights of third parties, regulatory constraints, litigation and other risks to which our Company is subject.
You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Statements regarding the following subjects are forward- looking by their nature:
* Our business strategy.
* Our future operating results.
* Our ability to obtain external financing.
* Our understanding of our competition.
* Industry and market trends.
* Future capital expenditures.
* The impact of technology on our products, operations and
business.
Item 1. Description of Business.
Our Business Development
PSI-TEC Corporation ("PSI-TEC") was founded in 1991 and incorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware on September 12, 1995. PSI-TEC was founded in Upland, Pennsylvania by Dr. Frederick J. Goetz where he established a laboratory with a small amount of private funding. PSI-TEC subsequently moved its operations to laboratory space provided by the U.S. Army on the Aberdeen Proving Grounds in cooperation with a division of the Department of Defense for the advancement of ultra wide-bandwidth satellite telecommunications. Thereafter, PSI-TEC commenced operations of its own organic synthesis and thin-films laboratory in Wilmington, Delaware.
In order to become a publicly-traded corporation, in July 2004 PSI-TEC reorganized with our Company pursuant to a reorganization agreement between PSI-TEC and all of its shareholders, and our Company's sole officer, director and majority shareholder. Pursuant to the reorganization agreement, (i) our Company changed its name from Eastern Idaho Internet Services, Inc. to PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc.; (ii) our Company acquired all of the issued and outstanding shares of PSI- TEC stock; (iii) PSI-TEC became the wholly-owned operating subsidiary of our Company; and (iv) our Company's then sole officer and director resigned, PSI-TEC's nominees were elected to our Company's board of directors and new management was appointed. For accounting purposes, this acquisition transaction was accounted for as a reverse- acquisition, whereby PSI-TEC was deemed to have purchased our Company. As a result, the historical financial statements of PSI-TEC became the historical financial statements of our Company.
Immediately prior to the time of the reorganization transaction, our Company was a development stage company seeking other business opportunities; it had no substantive business operations. Our Company was originally incorporated under the laws of the State of Nevada on June 24, 1997 as Eastern Idaho Internet Services, Inc. to operate as an Internet services marketing firm. It was unsuccessful in this venture, and in June 1998 it ceased its operations and sold all of its operating assets.
On October 20, 2006, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. and PSI-TEC Corp. merged; PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. survived and changed its name to Third- Order Nanotechnologies, Inc. Unless the context otherwise requires, all references to the "Company," "we," "our" or "us" and other similar terms means Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation.
Our principal executive office is located at 2601 Annand Dr.,
Suite #16, Wilmington, Delaware 19808, and our telephone number is
(302) 998-8824. Our website address is www.third-order.com. No
information found on our website is part of this registration
statement. Also, this registration statement includes the names of
various government agencies and the trade names of other companies.
Use or display by us of such other parties' names and trade names in
this registration statement is not intended to and does not imply a
relationship with, or endorsement or sponsorship of us by, any of
these other parties.
Overview
We are a development stage research and development company. We have developed and are continuing to develop high-activity, high- stability electro-optic polymers which we believe could have a broad range of applications in the electro-optic device market.
Electro-optic devices convert data from electric signals into optical signals for use in communications systems and in optical interconnects for high-speed data transfer. We expect our patented and patent-pending technologies when completed and tested to be utilized by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies.
Our electro-optic polymers (plastics) are property-engineered at the molecular level (nanotechnology level) to meet the exacting thermal, environment and performance specifications demanded by electro-optic devices. We believe that our patented technologies will enable us to design electro-optic polymers that are free from the numerous diverse inherent flaws that plague competitive polymer technologies employed by other companies and research groups. We engineer our polymers with the intent to have temporal, thermal, chemical and photochemical stability within our patented molecular architectures.
Our patented molecular architectures are based on a well- understood chemical and quantum mechanical occurrence known as aromaticity. Aromaticity provides a high degree of molecular stability. Aromaticity is what will enable our core molecular structures to maintain stability under a broad range of polymerization conditions that otherwise appear to affect other current polymer molecular designs. Polymers, polymer-based devices and the processes used to create them are often patentable, which can provide the developers of such technology with a significant competitive advantage. We consider our proprietary intellectual property to be unique.
Glossary of Select Technology Terms Used Herein
Our Business
Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc. is developing a new generation of advanced electro-optic plastics that convert high-speed electronic signals into optical (light) signals. Electro-optic material is the core active ingredient in high-speed fiber-optic telecommunication systems. Utilizing our proprietary technology, we are in the process of engineering advanced electro-optic plastics which we believe may lead to significant performance advancements, component size and cost reduction, ease of processing, and thermal and temporal stability. We believe that polymer materials engineered at the molecular level may have a significant role in the future development of commercially significant electro-optic related products.
In order to transmit digital information over long or intermediate distances at extremely high-speeds (wide bandwidth), electrical signals, such as those produced by a computer or telephone, must be converted into optical signals for transmission over long- distance fiber-optic cable. Within the infrastructure of the Internet, a device known as an electro-optic modulator performs the electric-to-optic conversion. Within the electro-optic modulator, an electro-optic material performs the actual conversion of electricity to an optical signal. These materials change their optical properties in the presence of an electric field at extremely high frequencies (wide bandwidths).
Currently, the core electro-optic material contained in most mod- ulators is a crystalline material, such as lithium niobate or gallium arsenide, which must be manufactured in strict dust-free conditions since even slight contamination can render them inoperable. As a result, these crystalline materials are expensive to produce. Current electro-optic crystals are limited to telecommunication speeds that are less than 40Gb/s (40 billion digital bits of data per second). Lithium niobate devices require large power levels (modulation volt- ages) to operate and are large in size -- typically measuring about four inches long. Considering that most integrated circuits are literally invisible to the naked eye, these devices are enormous. Additionally, it is important to note that these crystalline-based electro-optic modulators require expensive mechanical packaging (housings) generally comprised of materials, such as gold-plated Kovar, in order to assure operational integrity over required time and operating temperature ranges.
Unlike crystals, electro-optic plastics appear to be capable of being tailored at the molecular level for optimal performance characteristics. Additionally, electro-optic plastics are inexpensive to manufacture and demand significantly lower power requirements (modulation voltages). The electro-optic plastics have demonstrated the ability to perform many times faster (>100Gb/s) than existing crystalline technology.
We consider electro-optic plastics to be the most feasible tech- nology for future high-speed (wide bandwidth) electronic-optical conversion. Due to the ease of processing afforded by electro-optic plastics, as well as their capacity to foster component size reduction, we believe electro-optic plastics have the potential to replace existing high-speed fiber-optics components that are used today in many commercial and military applications.
We also believe that the extreme miniaturization provided by advanced electro-optic plastics may allow for the successful fabrication of chip-to-chip (backplane) optical interconnect devices for computers that create the high-speed data transmission necessary for extremely high-speed computations. Additional potential applications, in our opinion, for electro-optic plastics include phased array radar, cable television (CATV), electronic counter measure (ECM) systems, ultra-fast analog-to-digital conversion, land mine detection, radio frequency photonics, spatial light modulation and all-optical (light-switching-light) signal processing.
Our Electro-Optic Technology
For the past two decades, diverse corporate interests, including, to our knowledge, IBM, Lockheed Martin, DuPont, AT&T Bell Labs, Corning, Honeywell and 3M, as well as numerous universities and U.S. Government Agencies, have been attempting to produce high-performance, high-stability electro-optic plastics for high-speed (wide bandwidth) telecommunication applications. These efforts have largely been unsuccessful due, in our opinion, to the industry's singular adherence to an industry pervasive engineering model known as the Bond Length Alternation ("BLA") theory model. The BLA model, like all other current industry-standard molecular designs, consists of molecular designs containing long strings of atoms called polyene chains. Longer polyene chains provide higher electro-optic performance, but are also more susceptible to environmental threats, which result in unacceptably low-performing, thermally unstable electro-optic plastics.
As a result, high frequency modulators engineered with electro- optic plastics designed on the BLA model or any other polyene chain design model are unstable over typical operating temperature ranges, and often exhibit performance degradation within days, hours or even minutes. Similarly, lower frequency modulators exhibit comparable failings, but to a lesser extent. These flaws have prevented commerc- ial quality polymer-based modulators operating at 10-40 Gb/s from entering the commercial marketplace. The thermal stability of these devices does not generally meet the minimum Telcordia GR-468 operating temperature range (-40 degrees Celsius to +85 degrees Celsius) much less the more harsh MILSPEC 883D (military specification) range of -55 degrees Celsius to 150 degrees Celsius.
None of our molecular designs rely on the BLA polyene chain design model. Our proposed solution lies in a far less mainstream, yet firmly established scientific, phenomenon called aromaticity. Aromaticity causes a high degree of molecular stability. It is a molecular arrangement wherein atoms combine into multi-membered rings and share their electrons among each other. Aromatic compounds are stable because the electronic charge distributes evenly over a great area preventing hostile moieties, such as oxygen and free radicals, from finding an opening to attack. To our knowledge, no one has previously been able to demonstrate molecular designs that could effectively exploit aromaticity in the design of a high-performance electro-optic plastic.
Our research and findings in this area resulted in our Company being awarded the 2006 Electro-Optic Materials Technology Innovation of the Year Award by Frost & Sullivan. Frost & Sullivan's Technology Innovation of the Year Award is bestowed upon candidates whose original research has resulted in innovations that have, or are expected to bring, significant contributions to multiple industries in terms of adoption, change, and competitive posture. This award recognizes the quality and depth of our Company's research and development program as well as the vision and risk-taking that enabled us to undertake such an endeavor.
Our Patents
We hold one patent and five pending patent applications in the field of nonlinear optic chromophore design as follows:
6,041,157 - Environmentally sensitive compositions of matter based on 3H-fluoren-3-ylidenes and process for making same; 60/622,160 - Tricyclic Spacer Systems for Nonlinear Optical Devices; 60/623,454 - Heterocyclical Chromophore Architectures; 60/623/487 - Heterocyclical Anti-Aromatic Chromophore Architectures; 60/623,204 - Heterocyclical Chromophore Architectures; 60/667,625 - Heterocyclical Chromophore Architectures with Novel Electronic Acceptor Systems. |
lower reaction to environmental threats (e.g. thermal, chemical, photochemical, etc.) than the BLA design paradigm employed by other competitive electro-optic polymers.
The anti-aromatic nature of these structures dramatically improves the "zwitterionic-aromatic push-pull" of the systems, providing for low energy charge transfer. Low energy charge transfer is important for the production of extremely high electro-optic character.
Our Latest Tests and Results
Prior to our recent experimental results, in 2004, quantum mechanical calculations were independently performed on our novel electro-optic plastic designs at government laboratories located at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, California. The results of these calculations suggest that our initial aromatic molecules perform two and a half (2.5) to three and three- tenths (3.3) times more efficiently than currently available telecom grade electro-optic plastics. Logical extensions of this novel molecular design paradigm further suggest even greater performance improvements. Subsequently, top scientists and engineers at Wright- Patterson Air Force Base reviewed these calculations and concluded that our molecular designs show promise of a five to ten times improvement over existing commercial polymeric architectures. Our conclusion is that performance improvements of this magnitude indicate a significant breakthrough in the field of fiber-optic telecommunication.
In May and June of 2006, we initiated performance evaluations of one of our first extremely high-performance electro-optic materials. The initial tests were performed by electro-optic expert, Dr. C.C. Teng, co-inventor of the renowned Teng-Man test, the industry-wide standard method of evaluating the material performance of electro- optic plastics, and subsequently confirmed by the University of Arizona's College of Optical Sciences, one of the most respected and fastest growing optical sciences departments in the world. Under identical laboratory conditions at low molecular loadings, one of our recent molecular designs outperformed one of the industry's highest
performance electro-optic systems by a factor as high as 650%.
We believe recent results of the Teng-Man test have established the validity of our novel, patented molecular design paradigm known as CSC (Cyclical Surface Conduction) theory. We believe the success of CSC theory has the potential to establish the fundamental blueprint of electro-optic material design for decades to come, and to have broad application in commercial and military telecommunication and advanced computational systems.
On September 25, 2006 we obtained independent laboratory results that confirmed the thermal stability of our Perkinamine electro-optic materials. Thermal stability as high as 350 degrees Celsius was confirmed, significantly exceeding many other commercially available high performance electro-optic materials, such as CLD-1 which exhibits thermal degradation in the range of 250 degrees Celsius to 275 degrees Celsius. This high temperature stability of our materials eliminates a major obstacle to vertical integration of electro-optic polymers into standard microelectronic manufacturing processes (e.g. wave/vapor- phase soldering) where thermal stability of at least 300 degrees Celsius is required. In independent laboratory tests, ten-percent material degradation, a common evaluation of overall thermal stability, did not occur until our Perkinamine material base was exposed to temperatures as high as 350 degrees Celsius, as determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA).
The test results supported our Company's progress to introduce our materials into commercial applications such as optical interconnections, high-speed telecom and datacom modulators, and military/aerospace components.
The Electro-Optic Device Market
General
Electro-optic devices such as fiber-optic modulators translate electric signals into optical signals. Such devices are used in communication systems to transfer data over fiber-optic networks. Optical data transfer is significantly faster and more efficient than transfer technologies using only electric signals, permitting more cost-effective use of bandwidth for broadband Internet and voice services.
Two distinct technologies currently exist for the fabrication of fiber-optic devices, such as fiber-optic modulators. The first, which is the more traditional technology, utilizes an electro-optically active inorganic core crystalline material (e.g. lithium niobate). The second, which is the up-and-coming technology, involves the exploitation of electro-optic plastics.
According to a market survey by Triple Play Communications Corporation, a design and market consulting company we contracted with, the 40Gb optical modulator market, alone, is expected to grow to $440 million by 2011, and industry experts speculate that the 100Gb data modulator market may exceed $500 million in revenues by 2011.
Traditional Technology - Inorganic Crystals
Traditional technology translates electric signals into optical signals generally relying upon electro-optic materials, such as lithium niobate or gallium arsenide. Six of the largest inorganic fiber-optic component manufactures hold approximately 85% of the electro-optic modulator component market. They are JDS Uniphase, Sumitomo, Avanex, Covega, Fujitsu, and Bookham. These companies are heavily invested in the production of crystalline-based electro-optic modulator technologies, as well as the development of novel manufacturing techniques and integrated laser/modulator designs. While each company possesses their own modulator design and processing patents, the underlying core constituents (lithium niobate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide) occur in nature and as such cannot be pat- ented.
New Technology - Organic Plastics
Our developing technology that translates electric signals into optical signals relies upon organic electro-optic materials, such as electro-optic plastics. Electro-optic plastics involve the material integration of specifically engineered organic (carbon-based) compounds. The molecular designs of these compounds are precise and do not occur naturally; thus they may be protected under patent law.
Plastic-based electro-optic modulators may provide considerable advantages over traditional inorganic fiber-optic technology in terms of:
* Costs.
* Size and versatility.
* Modulating/switching speed.
* Optical transmission properties.
* Lower operating voltages.
Other than our own Company, we are aware of only one other group, Lumera Corporation ("Lumera"), in collaboration with the University of Washington, which has designed and patented potentially commercially feasible electro-optic plastics. Prior to our own technological developments, Lumera held an exclusive monopoly on this area of tech- nology because Lumera holds an exclusive present and future license to all electro-optic polymeric technology developed within the University of Washington. Lumera has yet, to our knowledge, to publicly demonstrate a robust, stable commercial modulator capable of low cost volume production.
As a result, no significant commercial market developments have occurred with electro-optic plastic devices. This is because all previously known electro-optic polymer design strategies incorporate molecular structures that adversely react to the requisite polymerization processes that thermally-stabilize the material matrix. This inherent design flaw causes the polymer to melt at unreasonably low temperatures, which corrupts the polymer's electro-optic performance.
Our Company holds an extensive amount of internally developed intellectual property in the field of electro-optic molecular design that, as a whole, attempts to fundamentally solve these and other problems associated with these molecular structures. We believe our provisional patents describe broad, highly unique techniques for novel paradigms in molecular design.
Our innovative solution lies in a very well-known scientific phenomenon called aromaticity, which causes a high degree of molecular stability. Aromaticity is a molecular arrangement wherein atoms combine into multi-membered rings and share their electrons among each other. Aromatic compounds are extremely stable because the electronic charge distributes evenly over a great area preventing hostile moieties, such as oxygen and free radicals, from finding an opening to attack. Until now, to our knowledge, no one has been able to propose molecular designs that could effectively exploit aromaticity in the design of a high-performance electro-optic plastic.
We believe now that we have fabricated electro-optic molecular architectures that do in fact exhibit extremely high thermal sta- bility, our technologies may soon replace inorganic electro-optic materials in the marketplace due to their considerable advantages over traditional inorganic fiber-optic materials.
Our Target Markets
Our proprietary electro-optic plastics are designed at the
molecular level for potentially superior performance, stability and
cost-efficiency and we believe may have the potential to replace more
expensive, lower-performance materials used in fiber-optic ground,
wireless and satellite communication networks. Our electro-optic
plastics may have broad applications in civilian and military
telecommunications and advanced computational systems. Potential
future applications, in our opinion, include: (i) telecommunications;
(ii) backplane optical interconnects; (iii) entertainment; (iv)
medical applications; (iv) satellite reconnaissance; (vi) navigational
systems; (vii) radar applications; and (viii) all-optical transistors.
Telecommunications
Telecommunications is the primary initial target application for electro-optic plastics. Electro-optic plastics could not only simplify the device design of key components, such as modulators, significantly reducing packaging costs, but could also provide for higher speed devices with greater system miniaturization. Current crystalline (e.g. lithium niobate) fiber-optic modulators are difficult and expensive to manufacture due to the complexities of producing single crystalline ingots of sufficient diameter (3 to 5 inches). Also, strict environmental controls must be enforced during the growth of the core crystalline material. Plastics are not inherently costly to produce nor do they require such strict environmental conditions. Due to their material flexibility (e.g. ability to more easily mold into specific topologies) they are expected to enable smaller, cheaper, faster, less expensive, and more integrated network components. In many laboratory tests, electro- optic polymers have demonstrated substantial (3-10x) transmission data speed improvements over crystalline technologies (lithium niobate, gallium arsenide, indium phosphide).
Backplane Optical Interconnects
It is reported that backplane optical interconnects are envisioned by members within leading corporations (including IBM, Intel and Agilent Technologies) as the future of high-speed computation. These components could speed the transmission of informa- tion within an integrated circuit, among integrated circuit chips in a module, and across circuit boards at speeds unattainable with traditional metallic interconnections and bus structures. In the future, all-optical (light switching light) signal processing could become possible using the third-order effect of our materials.
Entertainment
Entertainment applications, including CATV and Internet, are a highly important potential application subdivision of the telecommunication market. The ever-increasing number of entertainment services such as VOD (video on demand) and digital cable, as well as the future ability to download television and movies real-time from the Internet, drives the demand for ever-increasing bandwidth. Flexible displays utilizing organic light emitting diodes are inherently compatible with our polymer waveguides.
Medical Applications
Medical Applications for electro-optic plastics have been proposed for many varied applications, including dentistry, oncology and protein identification. Although experimental, it is believed that the successful fabrication of high-stability electro-optic plastics could open up many future applications such as these. Other medical applications such as the higher-speed transmission of medical records, X-ray and MRI scans over the Internet would be improved by the broadening of Internet bandwidths.
Satellite Reconnaissance
Satellite reconnaissance applications include a specific target market within the Department of Defense, the 14-member Intelligence Community and their contractors. Electro-optic plastics have historically been seen as attractive for potential application in this market due to the constant need for the fastest bandwidth transmission to meet the needs of national security.
Navigational Systems
Navigational systems for both advanced aerial and missile guidance require the use of electro-optic gyroscopes. These devices are currently fabricated out of lithium niobate or similar electro- optic materials; the application of electro-optic plastics would facilitate the development of more accurate and architecturally simple device designs.
Radar Applications
Radar Applications, specifically phased array radar, has been traditionally understood as a potential application for successful electro-optic material designs, along with electronic counter measure
systems (ECM) systems, ultra-fast analog-to-digital conversion, land mine detection, radio frequency photonics and spatial light modulation.
All-Optical Transistors
All-optical transistors are expected to be included in the future market of all-optic devices. All-optical devices convert data in the form of input light signals to a secondary light data stream. Some experts anticipate that all-optical transistors will replace traditional transistors used today in microprocessors. All-optical transistors are expected to enable the fabrication of an entirely new high-speed generation of "plastic" computers that operate on light instead of electricity, which in turn should significantly improve computation speeds.
Our Business Strategy
Our economic model anticipates that our revenue stream will be derived from one or some combination of the following: (i) technology licensing for specific product application; (ii) joint venture relationships with significant industry leaders; or (iii) the production and direct sale of our own electro-optic device components. Our objective is to be a leading provider of proprietary technology and know-how in the electro-optic device market. In order to meet this objective, we intend, subject to successful testing of our technology and having available financial resources, to:
* Develop electro-optic product devices.
* Continue to develop proprietary intellectual property.
* Streamline our product development process.
* Develop a comprehensive marketing plan.
* Maintain/develop strategic relationships with government
agencies, private firms, and academic institutions.
* Attract seasoned executives to join in senior management
positions.
* Expand into a state-of-the-art development, testing and
manufacturing facility.
Develop Electro-Optic Product Devices
We intend to utilize our proprietary technology to create an initial portfolio of commercially feasible electro-optic plastic product devices and applications for various markets, including telecommunications and government. We expect our initial product device line to include high speed 40Gb/s modulators and system applications.
Continue to Develop Proprietary Intellectual Property
We plan to advance our core competence in electro-optic plastic technology by continuing to develop proprietary materials, processes, designs and devices. We also plan to protect our technology by filing patent applications where appropriate, obtaining exclusive technology rights where available, and taking other appropriate steps to secure and protect our intellectual property.
Streamline Our Product Development Process
We intend to streamline our development process and to design, test and fabricate potential electro-optic plastic devices in order to position our Company to take advantage of emerging market opportunities.
Develop a Comprehensive Marketing Plan
We intend to build a sales and marketing organization dedicated to developing customers and multiple distribution channels for our products. We plan to aggressively pursue sales of our potential products through the use of industry-specific sales representation organizations, such as electro-optic component distributors. In addition, we plan to target market leaders as initial customers and to leverage relationships with these market leaders to obtain future contracts and sales references.
In August 2006 we contracted with Triple Play Communications Corporation, a design and market consulting company, to deliver a comprehensive market opportunity assessment report for high speed 40Gb/s (commercial) & 100Gb/s + (military/aerospace) modulators and system applications. The report was completed in November 2006, and according to the report, the global high-speed optical equipment market has performed better in the second quarter of 2006 than it has in the past four years, rising to $3B. More than $1B was spent in North America alone as carriers expanded capacity of their metro and backbone networks to make room for video traffic.
The report focused on the emerging 40Gb/s telecommunications market, one of our primary target markets for our polymer modulator technology. The report noted that this market segment alone is projected to approach $1B in cumulative sales between now and 2011.
Maintain/Develop Strategic Relationships with Government Agencies, Private Firms, and Academic Institutions
Almost since our inception, we have had beneficial strategic relationships with various government agencies that have provided us with funding and access to important technology. We intend to re- establish our relationship with DARPA, the Defense Advance Research Project Agency (the agency in the Intelligence Community credited with the origination of the Internet), by sharing the technical data and test results on our aromatic molecular materials. DARPA previously provided our Company with funding in order to advance of our technologies and to bring them to the public market, but due to a change in focus at DARPA our funding was not renewed.
As we advanced towards the commercialization phase of our strategic plan, we commenced discussions with several potential strategic alliance partners ranging from micro-electronic component firms to large-scale computer companies, as well as petrochemical companies having very large volume production capabilities. We believe strategic alliances and/or technology licensing will be a crucial step in commercializing our novel technologies and achieving competitive advantages. We recently entered into a memorandum of understanding
with Photon-X, LLC, a technology solutions provider for polymer waveguides that works in conjunction with various government agencies.
We have also developed an excellent relationship with the University of Delaware, an institution well known for excellence in chemical engineering, which we intend to maintain and strengthen.
Attract Seasoned Executives to Join in Senior Management Positions
Since we reached certain in-house technological milestones with respect to our aromatic polyheterocyclical ring molecule, we are recruiting seasoned executive managers to assist our Company with product commercialization. From September 2005 to February 2007, we engaged the services of Mr. Ronald Genova as our Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Genova is the former Vice-President of JDS Uniphase's Telecom Optical Modules division and has nearly 30 years in optoelectronics and semiconductor industries. In March 2007 we engaged Mr. Harold R. Bennett, a corporate restructuring advisor, to join our board of directors in anticipation of an internal restructuring of our entire corporate management team that will be required to successfully incorporate our technology into functional commercial products. We subsequently named him as our chief executive officer.
Expand Into A State-Of-The-Art Development, Testing and Manufacturing Facility
We plan to expand into a state-of-the-art development, testing and manufacturing facility in order to advance our technology platforms, attract additional key industry talent, streamline our product development processes and minimize our time to market. We have already begun to integrate our operations with respect to streamlining our product development process and minimizing the time to market for our potential products through a multifaceted approach to material development. We are able to accomplish this because our technology provides us with the flexibility to create tailored material properties for a multitude of specific applications, and also to allow for the specific tailoring of materials for compatibility with silicon, glass, metals or many plastics.
In August 2006, we executed a co-location agreement with a New Jersey-based micro-optics company, InPlane Photonics, that allowed our scientists to advance our organic material development. The agreement with InPlane was terminated in early 2007 in favor of a strategic alliance formed in December, 2006 with Photon-X, LLC, a Pennsylvania- based company that has significant experience in polymer waveguide production. Photon-X is working as a strategic ally with our Company to establish a pre-production line in order to test and integrate our organic materials into waveguide devices and system prototypes as a first step toward product commercialization. The agreement affords our Company access to a full suite of fabrication facilities capable of producing commercial quantities of precision micro-optic devices such as high-speed 40Gb/s telecom modulators, optical filters, and optical interconnects important to military and civilian global information movement and management markets. Photon-X is participating as a strategic supplier to our Company in a proposal we've made to a major US defense contracting company for a project involving analog optical processing for national security and Homeland Defense.
Our Research and Development Process
Our research and development process consists of the following steps:
* We develop novel polymer materials utilizing our patented technology to meet certain performance specifications. We then develop methods to synthesize larger quantities of such material.
* We conduct a full battery of tests at the completion of the synthesis of each new polymer material to evaluate its characteristics. We also create development strategies to optimize materials to meet specifications for specific applications.
* We integrate data from the material characterization and test results to fabricate devices. We analyze device-testing results to refine and improve fabrication processes and methods. In addition, we investigate alternative material and design variations to possibly create more efficient fabrication processes.
* We create an initial device design using simulation software. Following device fabrication, we run a series of optical and electronic tests on the device.
Our Current Strategic Partners
Photon-X, LCC
As mentioned above, we recently entered into a memorandum of understanding with Photon-X, LLC, a technology solutions provider for polymer waveguides that works in conjunction with various government agencies. In connection therewith, we will provide Photon-X with our unique polymeric material to be tested and used on certain niche devices for anticipated military and commercial applications. If the tests are successful, our management believes that our alliance with Photon-X will serve to simultaneously lead its commercialization as well as publicly validate its scientific findings, creating a new standard in electro-optic polymers.
Universal Capital Management, Inc.
We have an advisory relationship with Universal Capital Management, Inc. ("Universal"), a Delaware based Business Development Company. Universal is a public venture capital company that invests largely in start-up or mature stage companies that demonstrate significant upside potential. Universal provides us with both capital and managerial experience, and is assisting us in creating an awareness of our developing technology in both the government and commercial markets as we move closer to the commercialization phase of our strategic plan. Universal's professionals participate in selected Company's planning and operations by providing us with managerial, strategic and financial expertise.
Others
We also entered into a development agreement with Triple Play Communications Corporation, a design and market consulting company, and we are currently in discussions with other potential partners.
Our Past Government Program Participation
Our Company has been a participant in several vital government sponsored research and development programs with various government agencies that protect the interests of our country. The following is a list of some of the various divisions of government agencies that have provided us with advisory, financial and/or materials support in the pursuit of high-speed electro-optic materials. We are not partnered with, strategically related to, or financially supported by any governmental agency at this time.
National Reconnaissance Office (NRO)
During 1998 and 1999, we worked with the NRO to advance the development of extremely high performance electro-optic polymers pursuant to an unclassified Director's Innovative Initiative. The NRO is a member of the Department of Defense Agency and plays a primary role in achieving information superiority for the U.S. Government and Armed Forces. The NRO designs, builds, and operates reconnaissance satellites, assists in military operation preparedness, and monitors the environment. NRO products are paramount to national security and are provided to an expanding list of users including the Central Intelligence Agency and the Department of Defense.
Army Research Laboratory (ARL)
During 1998 through 2000, we were provided strong support for our
electro-optic materials development by the Process and Properties
Branch of the Army Research Laboratory on the Aberdeen Proving Grounds
in Aberdeen, Maryland. This support was in cooperation with other
government agencies and included the advisory support of the Army
Missile Command at Redstone Arsenal. The Army Research Laboratory
provided us with access to its highly advanced organic chemical
development laboratories and state-of-the-art analytic equipment. PSI-
TEC operated out of more than five laboratories at the Army Research
Laboratory. During the nascent stages of our technological
development, this support provided us with the strong foundations we
needed to progress electro-optic technology into its second
generation. The technically skilled members at Army Missile Command
provided our engineers instruction on the latest advancements of the
military's research and development in the area of polymeric materials
and device fabrication. Much of our initial work at the Army Research
Laboratory was based upon revolutionary advancements of our Chief
Technical Officer's (Dr. Frederick J. Goetz) highly unique electro-
optic polymeric design as exhibited in our U.S. Patent #6,041,157:
"Environmentally sensitive compositions of matter based on 3H-fluoren-
3-ylidenes and process for making same."
Defense Advance Research Project Agency (DARPA)
DARPA, the agency in the Intelligence Community credited with the
origination of the Internet, provided our Company with funding for the
advancement of our technologies and bridging these technologies to the
public market. Under the auspices of DARPA initiatives, the MORPH
(Molecular Photonics) and C2OI (Chip-to-Chip Optical Interconnects)
programs, our advanced technologies were reviewed by the Naval Air
Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAVAIR) and the Air Force Research
Laboratory (AFRL). DARPA works to maintain the technological superiority of the U.S. military and to prevent technological surprise from harming our national security by sponsoring revolutionary, high- payoff research that bridges the gap between fundamental discoveries and their military use.
Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division (NAVAIR)
Under the auspices of the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency (DARPA), high-level scientists at the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division in China Lake, California reviewed our electro-optic molecular design paradigms in 2004. Computer calculations regarding the quantum mechanical performance of our electro-optic molecular designs were repeated and verified by NAVAIR staff. These calculations suggest an improvement in electro-optic performance over the current state-of-the-art.
Our unique, proprietary technology was demonstrated through detailed computer calculations to improve existing approaches in the production of ultra fast frequencies (wide bandwidths). Calculations performed at NAVAIR regarding our preliminary, first-stage next- generation molecular architectures indicate an improvement of hyperpolarizability (electro-optic character) of several times existing state-of-the-art molecular designs.
These computer calculations have recently been validated by independent tests performed on our recently developed electro-optic materials at the University of Arizona.
Air Force Research laboratory (AFRL)
In cooperation with the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency
(DARPA), our molecular design technologies were reviewed by top-level
and senior engineers and scientists at the Air Force Research
Laboratory at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base in Dayton, Ohio. An Air
Force Research Laboratory senior scientist and engineer, in connection
with a National Science Foundation proposal and as a result of reviews
conducted under the Defense Advance Research Projects Agency's C2OI
(Chip-to-Chip Optical Interconnects) and MORPH (Molecular Photonics),
concluded that, "[our] molecular designs show promise of a five to ten
times improvement over existing commercial polymeric architectures."
In review of detailed calculations performed on our future material
designs, Air Force Research Laboratory personnel further note,
"Computer simulations and modeling indicate that [our] approach to
materials synthesis has the potential for realizing high nonlinearity
(i.e., high electro-optic performance). This, in turn, could result in
five to ten times lower drive voltages for devices." "Synthesis of
[our] materials to verify the properties predicted by the computer
models is essential for new NLO (electro-optic) polymer material
development.... This is a very novel and promising approach that has
the potential for high payoff."
These predictions have recently been validated by independent tests performed on our recently developed electro-optic materials at the University of Arizona, which performed approximately seven times better than other competitive technologies.
In regards to applications of our materials, an Air Force Research Laboratory senior scientist states, "Highly active NLO (electro-optic) polymer materials are key for the realization of next generation electro-optic devices and render high application potential for high-speed fiber-optic telecommunication (i.e., Internet, HDTV), satellite reconnaissance (i.e., homeland security), and navigation and guidance systems."
Our Competition
The markets we are targeting for our electro-optic polymer technology are intensely competitive. Among the largest fiber-optic component manufactures are JDS Uniphase, Avanex, Sumitomo, Fujitsu, Mitsubishi, Corning, Bookham, OpNext and FiBest. Additional significant domestic component manufacturers include Covega, Apogee, Multiplex, and CyOptics. All of these companies are heavily invested in the production of crystalline-based electro-optic modulator technologies as well as the development of novel manufacturing techniques and modulator designs.
Other than our own Company, we are aware of only one other group, Lumera Corporation ("Lumera") in collaboration with the University of Washington, that has designed and patented a commercially feasible electro-optic plastic. Prior to our own technological developments, Lumera held an exclusive monopoly on this area of technology. Lumera holds an exclusive present and future license to all electro-optic polymeric technology developed within the University of Washington.
We believe the principal competitive factors in our target markets are:
* The ability to develop and commercialize highly stable polymer-based products, including obtaining appropriate patent and proprietary rights protection.
* Low cost, high production yield for these products.
* The ability to enable integration and implement advanced technologies.
* Strong sales and marketing channels for access to products.
We believe that our current business planning will position our Company to compete adequately with respect to these factors. Our future success is difficult to predict because we are an early stage company with all of our potential products still in development.
Many of our existing and potential competitors have substantially greater research and product development capabilities and financial, scientific, marketing and human resources than we do. As a result, these competitors may:
* Succeed in developing products that are equal to or superior to our potential products or that achieve greater market acceptance than our potential products.
* Devote greater resources to developing, marketing or selling their products.
* Respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or scientific advances and changes in customer requirements, which could render our technologies or potential products obsolete.
* Introduce products that make the continued development of
our potential products uneconomical.
* Obtain patents that block or otherwise inhibit our ability to develop and commercialize our potential products.
* Withstand price competition more successfully than we can.
* Establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that enhance their ability to address the needs of our prospective customers.
* Take advantage of acquisition or other opportunities more readily than we can.
Our Laboratory Facilities
Our Company operates an organic synthesis and thin-films laboratory in Wilmington, Delaware. These facilities include state-of- the-art equipment including NMR, IR, UV/VIS and HPLC analytical systems, profilometry evaluation and electro-optic (r33) materials characterization necessary to produce next generation fiber-optic organic materials. We also utilize an electro-optic test facility in conjunction with local universities to perform critical evaluation tests (eg. R33) on our polymer material films and future electro-optic devices, such as our waveguides, modulators, and all-optical transistors.
Risk Factors Related To Our Business
Investing in our common stock is risky. In addition to the other information in this registration statement, you should consider carefully the following risk factors in evaluating us and our business. If any of the events described in the following risk factors were to occur, our business, financial condition or results of operations likely would suffer. In that event, the trading price of our common stock could decline, and you could lose all or a part of your investment.
We have incurred substantial operating losses since our inception and will continue to incur substantial operating losses for the foreseeable future.
Since our inception, we have been engaged primarily in the research and development of our polymer materials technologies and potential products. As a result of these activities, we incurred significant losses and experienced negative cash flow since our inception. We incurred a net loss of $2,657,459 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and $1,708,057 for the year ended December 31, 2005. We anticipate that we will continue to incur operating losses through at least 2007.
We may not be able to generate significant revenue either through development contracts from the U.S. government or government subcontractors or through customer contracts for our potential products or technologies. We expect to continue to make significant operating and capital expenditures for research and development and to improve and expand production, sales, marketing and administrative systems and processes. As a result, we will need to generate significant additional revenue to achieve profitability. We cannot assure you that we will ever achieve profitability.
These conditions raise substantial doubt to our auditors about our ability to continue as a going concern. Successful completion of our research and development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent upon future events, including our ability to obtain adequate financing to fulfill our development activities and achieving a level of sales adequate to support our Company's cost structure.
We are subject to the risks frequently experienced by early stage companies.
The likelihood of our success must be considered in light of the risks frequently encountered by early stage companies, especially those formed to develop and market new technologies. These risks include our potential inability to:
* establish product sales and marketing capabilities;
* establish and maintain markets for our potential products;
* identify, attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel;
* continue to develop and upgrade our technologies to keep pace with changes in technology and the growth of markets using polymer materials;
* develop expanded product production facilities and outside contractor relationships;
* maintain our reputation and build trust with customers;
* improve existing and implement new transaction-processing, operational and financial systems;
* scale up from small pilot or prototype quantities to large quantities of product on a consistent basis;
* contract for or develop the internal skills needed to master large volume production of our products; and
* fund the capital expenditures required to develop volume production due to the limits of our available financial resources.
We are entering new markets, and if we fail to accurately predict growth in these new markets, we may suffer substantial losses.
We are devoting significant resources to engineer next-generation electro-optic plastics for future applications to be utilized by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies. We expect to continue to develop products for these markets and to seek to identify new markets. These markets change rapidly and we cannot assure you that they will grow or that we will be able to
accurately forecast market demand, or lack thereof, in time to respond appropriately. Our investment of resources to develop products for these markets may either be insufficient to meet actual demand or result in expenses that are excessive in light of actual sales volumes. Failure to predict growth and demand accurately in new markets may cause us to suffer substantial losses. In addition, as we enter new markets, there is a significant risk that:
* the market may not accept the price and/or performance of our products;
* there may be issued patents we are not aware of that could block our entry into the market or could result in excessive litigation; and
* the time required for us to achieve market acceptance of our products may exceed our capital resources which would require additional investment.
The establishment and maintenance of collaborative relationships is critical to the success of our business.
We expect to sell many of our products directly to commercial customers or through potential industry partners. For example, we expect to sell our electro-optic plastic products to electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies. Our ability to generate revenues depends significantly on the extent to which potential customers and other potential industry partners develop, promote and sell systems that incorporate our products. Any failure by potential customers and other potential industry partners to successfully develop and market systems that incorporate our products could adversely affect our sales. The extent to which potential customers and other industry partners develop, promote and sell systems incorporating our products is based on a number of factors that are largely beyond our ability to control.
Our future growth will suffer if we do not achieve sufficient market acceptance of our electro-optic plastic products.
We are developing our electro-optic polymer products to be utilized by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies. All of our potential products are still in the development stage, and we do not know when a market for these products will develop, if at all. Our success depends, in part, upon our ability to gain market acceptance of our products. To be accepted, our products must meet the technical and performance requirements of our potential customers. OEMs, suppliers or government agencies may not accept polymer-based products. In addition, even if we achieve some degree of market acceptance for our potential products in one industry, we may not achieve market acceptance in other industries for which we are developing products. If the markets we are targeting fail to accept polymer-based products or determine that other products are superior, we may not be able to achieve market acceptance of our products.
Achieving market acceptance for our products will require marketing efforts and the expenditure of financial and other resources to create product awareness and demand by customers. We may be unable to offer products that compete effectively due to our limited resources and operating history. Also, certain large corporations may be predisposed against doing business with a company of our limited size and operating history. Failure to achieve broad acceptance of our products by customers and to compete effectively would harm our operating results.
Successful commercialization of our current and future products will require us to maintain a high level of technical expertise.
Technology in our target markets is undergoing rapid change. To succeed in our target markets, we will have to establish and maintain a leadership position in the technology supporting those markets. Accordingly, our success will depend on our ability to:
* accurately predict the needs of our target customers and develop, in a timely manner, the technology required to support those needs;
* provide products that are not only technologically sophisticated but are also available at a price acceptable to customers and competitive with comparable products;
* establish and effectively defend our intellectual property; and
* enter into relationships with other companies that have developed complementary technology into which our products may be integrated.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to achieve any of these objectives.
Two of our significant target markets are the telecommunications and networking markets, which continue to be subject to overcapacity and slow growth or decline.
Two of our significant target markets are the telecommunications and networking markets, and developments that adversely affect the telecommunications or networking markets, including delays in traffic growth and changes in U.S. government regulation, could slow down, or even halt our efforts to enter into these markets. Reduced spending and technology investment by telecommunications companies may make it more difficult for our products to gain market acceptance. Such companies may be less willing to purchase new technology such as ours or invest in new technology development when they have reduced capital expenditure budgets.
Many of our products will have long sales cycles, which may cause us to expend resources without an acceptable financial return and which makes it difficult to plan our expenses and forecast our revenues.
Many of our products will have long sales cycles that involve numerous steps, including initial customer contacts, specification writing, engineering design, prototype fabrication, pilot testing, device certification, regulatory approvals (if needed), sales and marketing and commercial manufacture. During this time, we may expend
substantial financial resources and management time and effort without any assurance that product sales will result. The anticipated long sales cycle for some of our products makes it difficult to predict the quarter in which sales may occur. Delays in sales may cause us to expend resources without an acceptable financial return and make it difficult to plan expenses and forecast revenues.
We will require additional capital to continue to fund our operations. If we do not obtain additional capital, we may be required to substantially limit our operations.
Our business does not presently generate the cash needed to finance our current and anticipated operations. Based on our current operating plan and budgeted cash requirements, we believe that we will be able to fund our operations at least through August 2007. We will require additional capital to continue to fund our operations in future periods. We expect that we will need to seek additional funding through public or private financings, including equity financings, and through other arrangements, including collaborative arrangements. Poor financial results, unanticipated expenses or unanticipated opportunities could require additional financing sooner than we expect. We currently have no plans or arrangements with respect to the possible acquisition of additional financing, and such financing may be unavailable when we need it or may not be available on acceptable terms. Additional financing may not be available to us, due to, among other things, our Company not having a sufficient credit history, income stream, profit level, asset base eligible to be collateralized, or market for its securities. If we raise additional funds by issuing equity or convertible debt securities, the percentage ownership of our existing stockholders may be reduced, and these securities may have rights superior to those of our common stock. If adequate funds are not available to satisfy either short-term or long-term capital requirements, or if planned revenues are not generated, we may be required to limit our operations substantially. These limitations of operations may include reductions in capital expenditures and reductions in staff and discretionary costs.
We may incur debt in the future that might be secured with our intellectual property as collateral, which could subject our Company to the risk of loss of all of our intellectual property.
If we incur debt in the future, we may be required to secure the debt with our intellectual property, including all of our patents and patent pendings. In the event we default on the debt, we could incur the loss of all of our intellectual property, which would materially and adversely affect our Company and cause you to lose your entire investment in our Company.
Our quarter-to-quarter performance may vary substantially, and this variance, as well as general market conditions, may cause our stock price to fluctuate greatly and potentially expose us to litigation.
We have generated no sales to date and we cannot accurately estimate future quarterly revenue and operating expenses based on historical performance. Our quarterly operating results may vary significantly based on many factors, including:
* fluctuating demand for our potential products and technologies;
* announcements or implementation by our competitors of technological innovations or new products;
* amount and timing of our costs related to our marketing efforts or other initiatives;
* the status of particular development programs and the timing of performance under specific development agreements;
* timing and amounts relating to the expansion of our operations;
* product shortages requiring suppliers to allocate minimum quantities;
* announcements or implementation by our competitors of technological innovations or new products;
* the status of particular development programs and the timing of performance under specific development agreements;
* our ability to enter into, renegotiate or renew key agreements;
* timing and amounts relating to the expansion of our operations;
* costs related to possible future acquisitions of technologies or businesses; or
* economic conditions specific to our industry, as well as general economic conditions.
Our current and future expense estimates are based, in large part, on estimates of future revenue, which is difficult to predict. We expect to continue to make significant operating and capital expenditures in the area of research and development and to invest in and expand production, sales, marketing and administrative systems and processes. We may be unable to, or may elect not to, adjust spending quickly enough to offset any unexpected revenue shortfall. If our increased expenses are not accompanied by increased revenue in the same quarter, our quarterly operating results would be harmed.
In one or more future quarters, our results of operations may fall below the expectations of investors and the trading price of our common stock may decline as a consequence. We believe that quarter-to- quarter comparisons of our operating results will not be a good indication of our future performance and should not be relied upon to predict the future performance of our stock price. In the past, companies that have experienced volatility in the market price of their stock have often been subject to securities class action litigation. We may be the target of this type of litigation in the future. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and divert our management's attention from other business concerns, which could seriously harm our business.
We cannot predict the pace of marketable products we may generate, and any inability to generate a sufficient number of marketable products would reduce our revenues and harm our business.
Our future revenues and profitability are dependent upon our ability to create marketable products, whether through our own research and development efforts or through collaborations with customers or industry partners. Because of the inherently uncertain nature of research and development activities, we cannot predict the pace of new product introductions. We must undertake additional research and development before we are able to develop additional products for commercial sale. Product development delays by us or potential product development partners, or the inability to enter into relationships with these potential partners, may delay or prevent us from introducing products for commercial sale. In addition, our product candidates may not result in products having the commercial potential we anticipate. Any of these factors could reduce our potential commercial sales and lead to inability to generate revenue and attain profitability.
Our failure to compete successfully could harm our business.
The markets that we are targeting for our electro-optic polymer technology are intensely competitive. Most of our present and potential competitors have or may have substantially greater research and product development capabilities, financial, scientific, marketing, manufacturing and human resources, name recognition and experience than we have. As a result, these competitors may:
* succeed in developing products that are equal to or superior to our potential products or that will achieve greater market acceptance than our potential products;
* devote greater resources to developing, marketing or selling their products;
* respond more quickly to new or emerging technologies or scientific advances and changes in customer requirements, which could render our technologies or potential products obsolete;
* introduce products that make the continued development of our potential products uneconomical;
* obtain patents that block or otherwise inhibit our ability to develop and commercialize our potential products;
* withstand price competition more successfully than we can;
* establish cooperative relationships among themselves or with third parties that enhance their ability to address the needs of our prospective customers; and
* take advantage of acquisitions or other opportunities more readily than we can.
The failure to compete successfully against these existing or future competitors could harm our business.
We may be unable to establish sales and marketing capabilities necessary to successfully commercialize our potential products.
We currently have limited sales and marketing capabilities. To date, we have relied upon our strategic partners to assist us in creating an awareness of our developing technology in both the government and commercial markets. We will need to either hire sales personnel with expertise in the markets we intend to address or contract with others to provide for sales support. Although our potential products are all based on our polymer materials technology, the potential products themselves address different markets and can be offered through multiple sales channels. Addressing each market effectively will require sales and marketing resources tailored to the particular market and to the sales channels that we choose to employ. In addition, the markets in which we operate are highly complex and technical; we may not have the adequate expertise to adequately market our products. We may be unable to establish marketing and sales capabilities necessary to commercialize and gain market acceptance for our potential products. Co-promotion or other marketing arrangements with others to commercialize products could significantly limit the revenues we derive from these products, and these parties may fail to commercialize such products successfully.
We may be unable to obtain effective intellectual property protection for our potential products and technology.
Our intellectual property, or any intellectual property that we have or may acquire, license or develop in the future, may not provide meaningful competitive advantages. Our patents and patent applications, including those we license, may be challenged by competitors, and the rights granted under such patents or patent applications may not provide meaningful proprietary protection. For example, numerous patents held by third parties relate to polymer materials and electro-optic devices. These patents could be used as a basis to challenge the validity or limit the scope of our patents or patent applications. A successful challenge to the validity or limitation of the scope of our patents or patent applications could limit our ability to commercialize our polymer materials technology and, consequently, reduce our revenues.
Moreover, competitors may infringe our patents or those that we license, or successfully avoid these patents through design innovation. To combat infringement or unauthorized use, we may need to resort to litigation, which can be expensive and time-consuming and may not succeed in protecting our proprietary rights. In addition, in an infringement proceeding a court may decide that our patents or other intellectual property rights are not valid or are unenforceable, or may refuse to stop the other party from using the intellectual property at issue on the ground that it is non-infringing. Policing unauthorized use of our intellectual property is difficult and expensive, and we may not be able to, or have the resources to, prevent misappropriation of our proprietary rights, particularly in countries where the laws may not protect these rights as fully as the laws of the United States.
We also rely on the law of trade secrets to protect unpatented technology and know-how. We try to protect this technology and know- how by limiting access to those employees, contractors and strategic partners with a need to know this information and by entering into confidentiality agreements with these parties. Any of these parties could breach the agreements and disclose our trade secrets or confidential information to our competitors, or these competitors might learn of the information in other ways. Disclosure of any trade secret not protected by a patent could materially harm our business.
We may be subject to patent infringement claims, which could result in substantial costs and liability and prevent us from commercializing our potential products.
Third parties may claim that our potential products or related technologies infringe their patents. Any patent infringement claims brought against us may cause us to incur significant expenses, divert the attention of our management and key personnel from other business concerns and, if successfully asserted against us, require us to pay substantial damages. In addition, as a result of a patent infringement suit, we may be forced to stop or delay developing, manufacturing or selling potential products that are claimed to infringe a patent covering a third party's intellectual property unless that party grants us rights to use its intellectual property. We may be unable to obtain these rights on terms acceptable to us, if at all. Even if we are able to obtain rights to a third party's patented intellectual property, these rights may be non-exclusive, and therefore our competitors may obtain access to the same intellectual property. Ultimately, we may be unable to commercialize our potential products or may have to cease some of our business operations as a result of patent infringement claims, which could severely harm our business.
If our potential products infringe the intellectual property rights of others, we may be required to indemnify customers for any damages they suffer. Third parties may assert infringement claims against our current or potential customers. These claims may require us to initiate or defend protracted and costly litigation on behalf of customers, regardless of the merits of these claims. If any of these claims succeed, we may be forced to pay damages on behalf of these customers or may be required to obtain licenses for the products they use. If we cannot obtain all necessary licenses on commercially reasonable terms, we may be unable to continue selling such products.
Our technology may be subject to government rights and retained research institution rights.
We may have obligations to government agencies or universities in connection with the technology that we have developed, including the right to require that a compulsory license be granted to one or more third parties selected by certain government agencies. In addition, academic research partners often retain certain rights, including the right to use the technology for noncommercial academic and research use, to publish general scientific findings from research related to the technology, and to make customary scientific and scholarly disclosures of information relating to the technology. It is difficult to monitor whether our partners will limit their use of the technology to these uses, and we could incur substantial expenses to enforce our rights to our licensed technology in the event of misuse.
The loss of certain of our key personnel, or any inability to attract and retain additional personnel, could impair our ability to attain our business objectives.
Our future success depends to a significant extent on the continued service of our key management personnel, particularly Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. our president, Dr. Frederick J. Goetz, our Chief Technical Officer and Andrew J. Ashton, our senior vice president. We currently do not have written employment agreements with any of our key management personnel, and we currently do not maintain key person life insurance on any executive officer. Accordingly, the loss of the services of any of these persons would adversely affect our business and our ability to timely commercialize our products, and impede the attainment of our business objectives.
Our future success will also depend on our ability to attract, retain and motivate highly skilled personnel. In particular, we will need to hire seasoned executive managers to assist us with product commercialization, in addition to a significant number of technical personnel. Competition for highly educated qualified personnel in the polymer industry is intense. If we fail to hire and retain a sufficient number of qualified management, engineering, sales and technical personnel, we will not be able to attain our business objectives.
If we fail to develop and maintain the quality of our manufacturing processes, our operating results would be harmed.
The manufacture of our potential products is a multi-stage process that requires the use of high-quality materials and advanced manufacturing technologies. Also, polymer-related device development and manufacturing must occur in a highly controlled, clean environment to minimize particles and other yield and quality-limiting contaminants. In spite of stringent quality controls, weaknesses in process control or minute impurities in materials may cause a substantial percentage of a product in a lot to be defective. If we are not able to develop and continue to improve on our manufacturing processes or to maintain stringent quality controls, or if contamination problems arise, our operating results would be harmed.
We may utilize third parties to manufacture our current products and our revenues could decline if these third parties do not timely complete our orders and our reputation could suffer if we do not maintain high quality standards.
We may enter into manufacturing arrangements with third party manufacturers and we intend to enter into agreements with additional corporate partners, OEMs and other third parties. We expect to contract with manufacturing companies to perform various portions of our product manufacturing, testing, assembly and shipping and purchase components to be used in our potential products from third-party vendors. If these third parties do not timely complete our orders, or do not properly manufacture our products, our reputation could be harmed, and our revenues could decline. We cannot assure you that we will be able to negotiate arrangements with these third parties on acceptable terms, if at all, or that these arrangements will be successful in yielding commercially viable products. If we cannot maintain our current relationships or establish new arrangements, we will require additional capital to undertake those activities on our
own and will require manufacturing expertise that we do not currently possess and that may be difficult to obtain.
If we decide to make commercial quantities of products at our facilities, we will be required to make significant capital expenditures to increase capacity.
We lack the internal ability to manufacture products at a level beyond the stage of early commercial introduction. To the extent we do not have an outside vendor to manufacture our products, we will have to increase our internal production capacity and we will be required to expand our existing facilities or to lease or construct new facilities or to acquire entities with additional production capacities. These activities would require us to make significant capital investments and may require us to seek additional equity or debt financing. We cannot assure you that such financing would be available to us when needed on acceptable terms, or at all. If we are unable to expand internal production capacity on a timely basis to meet increases in demand, we could lose market opportunities for sales. Further, we cannot assure you that any increased demand for our potential products would continue for a sufficient period of time to recoup our capital investments associated with increasing our internal production capacity.
In addition, we do not have experience manufacturing our potential products in large quantities. In the event of significant demand for our potential products, large-scale production might prove more difficult or costly than we anticipate and lead to quality control issues and production delays.
We may not be able to manufacture products at competitive prices.
To date, we have produced limited quantities of products for research, development and demonstration purposes. The cost per unit for these products currently exceeds the price at which we could expect to profitably sell them. If we cannot substantially lower our cost of production as we move into sales of products in commercial quantities, our financial results will be harmed.
We conduct significantly all of our research and development activities at a single facility, and circumstances beyond our control may result in considerable interruptions.
We conduct significantly all of our research and development activities at a single facility in Wilmington, Delaware. A disaster such as a fire, flood or severe storm at or near this facility could prevent us from further developing our technologies or manufacturing our potential products, which would harm our business.
We could be exposed to significant product liability claims that could be time-consuming and costly and impair our ability to obtain and maintain insurance coverage.
We may be subject to product liability claims if any of our potential products are alleged to be defective or harmful. Product liability claims or other claims related to our potential products, regardless of their outcome, could require us to spend significant time and money in litigation, divert our management's time and attention from other business concerns, require us to pay significant
damages, harm our reputation or hinder acceptance of our potential products. Any successful product liability claim may prevent us from obtaining adequate product liability insurance in the future on commercially reasonable terms. Any inability to obtain sufficient insurance coverage at an acceptable cost or otherwise to protect against potential product liability claims could impair our ability to commercialize our potential products.
We may be unable to effectively implement new transaction accounting, operational and financial systems.
To manage the expected growth of our operations and personnel, we will be required to implement complex transaction accounting, operational and financial systems, procedures and controls and to retain personnel experienced in the use of these systems. Deficiencies in the design and operation of our systems, procedures and controls, including internal controls, could adversely affect our ability to record, process, summarize and report material financial information. We cannot assure you that our current and planned systems, procedures and controls will be adequate to support our future operations.
Our failure to effectively manage and support our growth could adversely affect our business.
Failure to effectively manage and support our growth could adversely affect our business. To date, substantially all of our activities and resources have been directed at the research and development of our technology and development of potential products. The transition from research and development to a product vendor or licensor will create significant additional demands on our infrastructure and will require effective planning and management. We cannot assure you that our resources will be adequate to support our future growth. In addition, future expansion will be expensive and will likely strain our management and other resources. In order to effectively manage growth, we must:
* manage in-house our operating and financial control systems;
* continue to develop an effective planning and management process to implement our business strategy;
* hire, train and integrate new personnel in all areas of our business; and
* expand our facilities and increase our capital investments.
We cannot assure you that we will be able to accomplish these tasks effectively or otherwise effectively manage our growth.
We are subject to regulatory compliance related to our operations.
We are subject to various U.S. governmental regulations related to occupational safety and health, labor and business practices. Failure to comply with current or future regulations could result in
the imposition of substantial fines, suspension of production, alterations of our production processes, cessation of operations, or other actions, which could harm our business.
We may be unable to export our potential products or technology to other countries, convey information about our technology to citizens of other countries or sell certain products commercially, if the products or technology are subject to United States export or other regulations.
We are developing certain polymer-based products that we believe the United States government and other governments may be interested in using for military and information gathering or antiterrorism activities. United States government export regulations may restrict us from selling or exporting these potential products into other countries, exporting our technology to those countries, conveying information about our technology to citizens of other countries or selling these potential products to commercial customers. We may be unable to obtain export licenses for products or technology if necessary. We currently cannot assess whether national security concerns would affect our potential products and, if so, what procedures and policies we would have to adopt to comply with applicable existing or future regulations.
We may incur liability arising from the use of hazardous materials.
Our business and our facilities are subject to a number of federal, state and local laws and regulations relating to the generation, handling, treatment, storage and disposal of certain toxic or hazardous materials and waste products that we use or generate in our operations. Many of these environmental laws and regulations subject current or previous owners or occupiers of land to liability for the costs of investigation, removal or remediation of hazardous materials. In addition, these laws and regulations typically impose liability regardless of whether the owner or occupier knew of, or was responsible for, the presence of any hazardous materials and regardless of whether the actions that led to the presence were taken in compliance with the law. In our business, we use hazardous materials that are stored on site. We use various chemicals in our manufacturing process that may be toxic and covered by various environmental controls. The waste created by use of these materials is transported off-site by an unaffiliated waste hauler. Many environmental laws and regulations require generators of waste to take remedial actions at an off-site disposal location even if the disposal was conducted lawfully. The requirements of these laws and regulations are complex, change frequently and could become more stringent in the future. Failure to comply with current or future environmental laws and regulations could result in the imposition of substantial fines, suspension of production, alteration of our production processes, cessation of operations or other actions, which could severely harm our business.
Our plan to develop relationships with strategic partners may not be successful.
Part of our business strategy is to maintain and develop strategic relationships with government agencies, private firms, and academic institutions to conduct research and development of technologies and products. For these efforts to be successful, we must identify partners whose competencies complement ours. We must also successfully enter into agreements with them on terms attractive to us, and integrate and coordinate their resources and capabilities with our own. We may be unsuccessful in entering into agreements with acceptable partners or negotiating favorable terms in these agreements. Also, we may be unsuccessful in integrating the resources or capabilities of these partners. In addition, our strategic partners
may prove difficult to work with or less skilled than we originally expected. If we are unsuccessful in our collaborative efforts, our ability to develop and market products could be severely limited.
As our business grows, if we need to establish global operations, we will be subject to various risks.
Many of the markets that we propose to address are global and may require us to conduct foreign operations, including the establishment of sales, manufacturing and possible research and development facilities in other countries. While the specific risks that will apply to these activities would depend on the circumstances, we could become subject to risks relating to foreign currency fluctuations, political and social unrest, local regulatory systems and varying standards for the protection of intellectual property. The existence of any of these risks will complicate our business and may lead to unexpected and adverse effects on our business. If we are required to conduct significant foreign operations, we will also need expertise in such operations, which we do not presently have.
Our limited operating history makes financial forecasting difficult for us and for others that may publish estimates of our future financial results.
As a result of our limited operating history, it is difficult to accurately forecast our revenue and results, including product sales, cost of revenue, research and development expenses, marketing, general and administrative expenses and other financial and operating data. We have a limited amount of meaningful historical financial data upon which to base projected revenue or expenses. We base our current expense levels and estimates of future expense levels on our operating plans and estimates of future revenue, and our future expenses will be dependent in large part upon our future levels of product sales. Sales and results are difficult to forecast because we do not currently have any commercial customers or government contracts, we are uncertain of the extent of orders for our products and the mix, volume and timing of any such orders. As a result, we may be unable to make accurate financial forecasts of revenue or expenses. Financial analysts and others that may seek to project our future performance face similar difficulties. This inability to accurately forecast our revenue and expenses could cause our financial results to differ materially from any projected financial results and could cause a decline in the trading price of our common stock.
Risks Factors Related to Owning Our Common Stock
The market price of our shares may experience extreme price and volume fluctuations for reasons over which we have little control.
The trading price of our common stock has been, and is likely to continue to be, extremely volatile. Over the past 12 months, the closing price of our common stock as reported on the OTC has ranged from a high of $2.22 to a low of $0.39. Our stock price could be
subject to wide fluctuations in response to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the risks relating to an investment in our stock described above and the following:
* new products or services offered by us or our competitors;
* failure to meet any publicly announced revenue projections;
* actual or anticipated variations in quarterly operating results;
* changes in financial estimates by securities analysts;
* announcements of significant acquisitions, strategic partnerships, joint ventures or capital commitments by us or our competitors;
* issuances of debt or equity securities; and
* other events or factors, many of which are beyond our control.
In addition, companies that trade their securities in the over- the-counter markets experience extreme price and volume fluctuations that are often unrelated or disproportionate to the operating performance of these companies. A multitude of factors could negatively affect the market price of our common stock, regardless of our actual operating performance.
Our Company's securities are subject to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's penny stock regulations, which may cause our stockholders to experience difficulties in reselling their securities.
Our securities are subject to the United States Securities and Exchange Commission's (the "SEC" or "Commission") rules that regulate broker-dealer practices in connection with transactions in "penny stocks." Generally, penny stocks are equity securities traded over- the-counter with a price of less than $5.00 (other than securities registered on certain national securities exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities is provided by the exchange or system). The penny stock rules require a broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from the rules, to deliver a standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the Commission that provides information about penny stocks and the nature and level of risks in the penny stock market. The broker-dealer also must provide the customer with bid and offer quotations for the penny stock, the compensation of the broker-dealer and its salesperson in the transaction, and monthly account statements showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account. In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from such rules the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written agreement to the transaction. These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the level of trading activity in the secondary market for a stock that is subject to the penny stock rules. Since our securities are subject to the penny stock rules, stockholders in our Company may encounter some difficulties while selling their shares of common stock.
Shares eligible for sale in the future could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities.
All but approximately 3,748,785 shares of our presently issued and outstanding common stock are either (i) freely tradable; or (ii) eligible for sale under Rule 144 of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended ("Rule 144"), so long as all of the conditions of Rule 144 are met. Sales of a substantial number of shares of common stock into the public market, or the perception that such sales may occur, could depress the market price of our common stock and impair our ability to raise additional capital through the sale of our equity securities.
If we authorize the issuance of additional securities, existing stockholders may experience future ownership dilution.
Our Articles of Incorporation provide that we may issue up to 50,000,000 shares of common stock, $0.001 par value and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, $0.001 par value. In the event we issue additional shares of common stock in connection with our contemplated growth plans or otherwise, our stockholders will experience future ownership dilution that could adversely affect prevailing market prices for our common stock.
Our board of directors has the discretion to assign rights and preferences to our blank check preferred stock.
Pursuant to our Company's Articles of Incorporation, we are authorized to issue 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, and our board of directors has the discretion to assign rights and preferences to our preferred stock without the approval of our common stockholders. The rights and preferences of this preferred stock may be superior to the rights and preferences of our common stock; and the issuance of this preferred stock could serve to deter or prevent a takeover from a third party. This type of preferred stock is commonly referred to as "Blank Check Preferred Stock."
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operation.
Plan of Operation
The following plan of operation provides information that management believes is relevant to an assessment and understanding of our plans and financial condition. The following selected financial information is derived from our historical financial statements and should be read in conjunction with such financial statements and notes thereto set forth elsewhere herein and the "Forward-Looking Statements" explanation included herein.
Overview
Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., formerly, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc., formerly Eastern Idaho Internet Service, Inc. was organized under the laws of the State of Nevada in 1997, where we engaged in the business of marketing Internet services until June 30, 1998 when our
operations were discontinued. We were then inactive until we acquired PSI-TEC Corporation as our wholly owned subsidiary on July 14, 2004, at which time our name was changed to PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. On October 20, 2006, we completed a parent-subsidiary merger with PSI-TEC Corporation whereby we were the surviving corporation of the merger, and our name was changed to Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
We are a developmental stage company that has developed and continues to develop high-activity, high-stability electro-optic polymers (plastics) that we believe could have a broad range of applications in the electro-optic device market. We engineer our proprietary electro-optic plastics at the molecular level for superior performance, stability, cost-efficiency and ease of processability. We expect our electro-optic plastics to broadly replace more expensive, lower-performance materials that are currently used in fiber-optic ground, wireless and satellite communication networks.
In order to transmit digital information at extremely high-speeds (wide bandwidth) over the Internet, it is necessary to convert the electrical signals produced by a computer into optical signals for transmission over long-distance fiber-optic cable. The actual conversion of electricity to an optical signal may be performed by a molecularly-engineered material known as an electro-optic plastic.
We are currently developing electro-optic plastics that promise performance many times faster than any technology currently available and that have unprecedented thermal stability. High-performance electro-optic materials produced by our Company have demonstrated stability as high as 350 degrees Celcius. Stability above 300 degrees Celcius is necessary for vertical integration into many semi-conductor production lines. Recent results, independently confirmed by the University of Arizona, have demonstrated that the molecular performance of some of our Company's molecular designs perform 650% better than competitive electro-optic compounds.
Our revenue model relies substantially on the assumption that we will be able to successfully develop electro-optic products for applications within the industries described below. When appropriate, we intend to create specific materials for each of these applications and use our proprietary knowledge base to continue to enhance its discoveries.
* Satellite Reconnaissance
* Navigational Systems
* Radar Applications
* Telecommunications
* Backplane Optical Interconnects
* Entertainment
* Medical Applications
To be successful, we must, among other things:
* Develop and maintain collaborative relationships with strategic partners;
* Continue to expand our research and development efforts for our products;
* Develop and continue to improve on our manufacturing processes and maintain stringent quality controls;
* Produce commercial quantities of our products at commercially acceptable prices;
* Rapidly respond to technological advancements;
* Attract, retain and motivate qualified personnel; and
* Obtain and retain effective intellectual property protection for our products and technology.
We believe that Moore's Law (a principle which states the number of transistors on a silicon chip doubles approximately every eighteen months) will create markets for our high-performance electro-optic material products.
Plan of Operation
Since our inception, we have been engaged primarily in the research and development of our polymer materials technologies and potential products. We are devoting significant resources to engineer next-generation electro-optic plastics for future applications to be utilized by electro-optic device manufacturers, such as telecommunications component and systems manufacturers, networking and switching suppliers, semiconductor companies, aerospace companies and government agencies. We expect to continue to develop products that we intend to introduce to these rapidly changing markets and to seek to identify new markets. We expect to continue to make significant operating and capital expenditures for research and development activities.
As we move from a development stage company to a product vendor, we expect that our financial condition and results of operations will undergo substantial change. In particular, we expect to record both revenue and expense from product sales, to incur increased costs for sales and marketing and to increase general and administrative expense. Accordingly, the financial condition and results of operations reflected in our historical financial statements are not expected to be indicative of our future financial condition and results of operations.
On August 8, 2006, we contracted with Triple Play Communications Corporation, a design and market consulting company, to deliver a comprehensive market opportunity assessment report for high speed 40G (commercial) & 100G+ (military/aerospace) modulators and system applications.
In August, 2006 we entered into a co-location agreement with InPlane Photonics, a New Jersey-based micro-optics company that allowed our scientists to establish a pre-production line in order to test and integrate our organic materials into waveguide devices and system prototypes as a first step toward product commercialization. This agreement was terminated at the end of January 2007 in favor of a strategic relationship with Photon-X LLC, a Pennsylvania-based firm with extensive experience in polymer waveguide processing. The relationship with Photon-X affords our company access to a full suite of fabrication facilities capable of producing commercial quantities of precision micro-optic devices such as high-speed (40GHz) telecom modulators, optical filters, and optical interconnects important to military and civilian global information movement and management markets.
On September 25, 2006 we obtained independent laboratory results that confirmed the thermal stability of our Perkinamine electro-optic materials. Thermal stability as high as 350 degrees Celsius was confirmed, significantly exceeding many other commercially available high performance electro-optic materials, such as CLD-1 which exhibits thermal degradation in the range of 250 degrees Celsius to 275 degrees Celsius. This high temperature stability of our materials eliminates a major obstacle to vertical integration of electro-optic polymers into standard microelectronic manufacturing processes (e.g. wave/vapor- phase soldering) where thermal stability of at least 300 degrees Celsius is required. In independent laboratory tests, ten-percent material degradation, a common evaluation of overall thermal stability, did not occur until our Perkinamine material base was exposed to temperatures as high as 350 degrees Celsius, as determined by Thermo-Gravimetric Analysis (TGA). The test results supported our Company's progress to introduce our materials into commercial applications such as optical interconnections, high-speed telecom and datacom modulators, and military/aerospace components.
On December 7, 2006, we entered into a memorandum of understanding with Photon-X, LLC, a technology solutions provider for polymer waveguides that works in conjunction with various government agencies. In connection therewith, we will provide Photon-X with our unique polymeric material to be tested and used on certain niche devices for anticipated military and commercial applications. If the tests are successful, our management believes that our alliance with Photon-X will serve to simultaneously lead its commercialization as well as publicly validate its scientific findings, creating a new standard in electro-optic polymers.
We ultimately intend to use our next-generation electro-optic plastics for future applications vital to the following industries. We expect to create specific materials for each of these applications as appropriate:
* Satellite Reconnaissance
* Navigational Systems
* Radar Applications
* Telecommunications
* Backplane Optical Interconnects
* Entertainment
* Medical Applications
In an effort to maximize our future revenue stream from our electro-optic polymer products, we are currently evaluating each of or some combination of the following approaches:
* Licensing our technology for individual specific applications;
* Entering into collaborative or joint venture agreements with
one or a number of partners; or
* Selling our products directly to commercial customers.
Additionally, we must create an infrastructure, including operational and financial systems, and related internal controls, and recruit qualified personnel. Failure to do so could adversely affect our ability to support our operations.
We have incurred substantial net losses since inception. We have satisfied our capital requirements since inception primarily through the issuance and sale of common stock. During 2004 we raised approximately $30,000 from the sale of our common stock and $499,000 from the issuance of convertible promissory notes that were subsequently converted to common stock in 2005. Also, during 2005, we raised an aggregate of $1,000,000 from the private sale of our common stock. From June 2006 to date, we raised approximately $999,000 from the private sale of our common stock.
Recent Developments
Award
On September 26, 2006, we were awarded the 2006 Electro-Optic Materials Technology Innovation of the Year Award by Frost & Sullivan. Frost & Sullivan's Technology Innovation of the Year Award is bestowed upon candidates whose original research has resulted in innovations that have, or are expected to bring, significant contributions to multiple industries in terms of adoption, change, and competitive posture. This award recognizes the quality and depth of our Company's research and development program as well as the vision and risk-taking that enabled us to undertake such an endeavor.
Stock Issuances
On June 15, 2006, our Company's board of directors authorized our Company to raise up to $1,500,000 of capital by selling its equity securities and warrants to purchase its equity securities pursuant to a private offering. On December 11, 2006, our Company's board of directors authorized our Company to amend its this private offering to authorize our Company to raise up to $1,000,000 of capital by selling its equity securities and warrants to purchase its equity securities pursuant to an amended private offering. The amended private offering raised an aggregate of $999,000, $425,000 during 2006 and $574,000 during the first quarter of 2007, and was closed in March 2007.
Pursuant to the terms of the amended offering, up to 20 units were offered at the offering price of $50,000 per unit, with each unit comprised of 100,000 shares of common stock, and a warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at $0.50 per share. The warrants are exercisable at any time for a period of two years commencing on the date our Company accepted the purchaser's subscription pursuant to the amended offering. We issued an aggregate of approximately 20 units pursuant to the amended private offering in exchange for net proceeds totaling $999,000. All units were issued at $50,000 per unit.
Also, in connection with the amended private offering, we and our investors entered into a registration rights agreement pursuant to which we agreed that if within 12 months after the closing of the amended private offering our Company files a Form SB-2 registration statement (or such other form that it is eligible to use) with the Securities and Exchange Commission to register some or all of our outstanding shares of common stock for resale and distribution, that
subject to certain limitations, upon their request, we would include all of the shares of common stock offered and sold to our investors pursuant to the amended private offering.
On November 29, 2006, our Company authorized the issuance of 60,000 shares of our Company's common stock, $0.001 par value, to a consulting firm pursuant to a consulting agreement.
Results of Operations
Comparison of Fiscal 2006 to Fiscal 2005
Revenues
We had no revenues in fiscal 2006 or 2005 since we are a development stage company that has yet to commence revenue creating operations.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses were $2,657,459 and $1,708,057 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, for an increase of $949,402. This increase in operating expenses was due primarily to our hiring additional personnel, significantly increasing our research and development activities and costs associated with being a public company.
Included in our operating expenses for 2006 was $1,986,363 for research and development expenses compared to $813,725 for 2005 and $671,096 for general and administrative expenses compared to $894,332 for 2005.
Research and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development activities; laboratory operations, outsourced development and processing work; fees and expenses related to patent applications and intellectual property protection; costs incurred in acquiring and maintaining licenses; and related operating expenses.
We expect to continue to incur substantial research and development expense to develop commercial products that utilize our electro-optic plastics. These expenses could increase as a result of continued development and commercialization of our electro-optic materials technology; subcontracting work to potential development partners; expanding and equipping in-house laboratories; hiring additional technical and support personnel; pursuing other potential business opportunities; and incurring related operating expenses.
General and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs for management and administrative staff, and for other general and administrative costs, including executive, investor relations, accounting and finance, legal, consulting and other operating expenses, including laboratory space rental costs.
We expect general and administrative expense to increase in future periods as we increase the level of corporate and administrative activity, including increases associated with our operation as a public company; and significantly increase expenditures related to the future production and sales of our products.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income was $60,940 in the year ended December 31, 2006, consisting of $243 of interest income on cash deposits and short term investments, $1,527 of dividend income, $63,187 of realized gain on investment and $4,017 of interest expense compared to other income (expense) of $(13,708) in the year ended December 31, 2005, consisting of $6,994 of interest income on cash deposits and short term investments and $20,702 of interest expense.
Net Loss
Net loss was $2,596,519 and $1,721,765 for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005, respectively, for an increase of $874,754, primarily resulting from research and development and general and administrative expenses incurred as described above.
Comparison of Fiscal 2005 to Fiscal 2004
Revenues
We had no revenues in fiscal 2005 or 2004 since we are a development stage company that has yet to commence revenue creating operations.
Operating Expenses
Our operating expenses were $1,708,057 and $722,386 for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, for an increase of $985,671. This increase in operating expenses was due primarily to our hiring additional personnel, significantly increasing our research and development activities and costs associated with being a public company.
Included in our operating expenses for 2005 was $813,725 for research and development expenses compared to $263,702 for 2004 and $894,332 for general and administrative expenses compared to $458,684 for 2004.
Research and development expenses currently consist primarily of compensation for employees and contractors engaged in internal research and product development activities; laboratory operations, outsourced development and processing work; fees and expenses related to patent applications and intellectual property protection; costs incurred in acquiring and maintaining licenses; and related operating expenses.
We expect to continue to incur substantial research and development expense to develop commercial products that utilize our electro-optic plastics. These expenses could increase as a result of continued development and commercialization of our electro-optic
materials technology; subcontracting work to potential development partners; expanding and equipping in-house laboratories; hiring additional technical and support personnel; pursuing other potential business opportunities; and incurring related operating expenses.
General and administrative expense consists primarily of compensation and support costs for management and administrative staff, and for other general and administrative costs, including executive, investor relations, accounting and finance, legal, consulting and other operating expenses, including laboratory space rental costs.
We expect general and administrative expense to increase in future periods as we increase the level of corporate and administrative activity, including increases associated with our operation as a public company; and significantly increase expenditures related to the future production and sales of our products.
Other Income (Expense)
Other income (expense) was $(13,708) in the year ended December 31, 2005, consisting of $6,994 of interest income on cash deposits and short term investments and $20,702 of interest expense compared to other income of $240 of interest income on cash deposits and short term investments in the year ended December 31, 2004.
Net Loss
Net loss was $1,721,765 and $722,146 for the years ended December 31, 2005 and 2004, respectively, for an increase of $999,619, primarily resulting from research and development and general and administrative expenses incurred as described above.
Critical Accounting Policies
The Company's accounting policies are more fully described in Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements. As disclosed in Note 1 of Notes to Financial Statements, the preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions about future events that affect the amounts reported in the financial statements and accompanying notes. Future events and their effects cannot be determined with absolute certainty. Therefore, the determination of estimates requires the exercise of judgment. Actual results inevitably will differ from those estimates, and such differences may be material to the financial statements. The Company believes that, of its significant accounting policies, the following may involve a higher degree of judgment, estimation, or complexity than other accounting policies.
Merger
On July 14, 2004, the Company acquired PSI-TEC. Under the terms of the merger agreement, the stockholders of PSI-TEC received 15,600,000 shares of common stock in exchange for its 2,206,280 shares. Following the merger, the Company changed its name to PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the United States, the share exchange is considered to be a capital
transaction in substance rather than a business combination. That is, the share exchange is equivalent to the issuance of stock by PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. for the net monetary assets of PSI-TEC, accompanied by a recapitalization, and is accounted for as a change of capital structure. Accordingly, the accounting for the share exchange will be identical to that resulting from a reverse acquisition, except no goodwill will be recorded. Under reverse takeover accounting, the post-reverse acquisition comparative historical financial statements of the legal acquirer, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc., are those of the legal acquiree, PSI-TEC, which is considered to be the accounting acquirer. On October 20, 2006, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. and PSI-TEC merged and changed its name to Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
Stock Based Compensation
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123R"). SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the approach in SFAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires share- based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values at the date of grant. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative.
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective method as permitted under SFAS 123(R). Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized in the first quarter of 2006 includes compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123. In accordance with the modified prospective method of adoption, the Company's results of operations and financial position for prior periods have not been restated.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the grant-date fair value of an award.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
During 2006, net cash used in operating activities was $742,675 and net cash provided by investing activities was $166,873, which was derived primarily by proceeds from the sale of available securities. Net cash provided by financing activities during 2006 was $426,303. At December 31, 2006, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $528, our assets totaled $839,746, our liabilities totaled $264,974, and we had stockholders' equity of $574,772.
During 2005, net cash used in operating activities was $775,298 and net cash used in investing activities was $238,687, which were financed primarily by proceeds from the sale of common stock. Net cash provided by financing activities during 2005 was $995,620. At December 31, 2005, our cash and cash equivalents totaled $150,027, our assets totaled $959,110, our liabilities totaled $127,232 and we had stockholders' equity of $831,878.
Sources and Uses of Cash
Our future expenditures and capital requirements will depend on numerous factors, including: the progress of our research and development efforts; the rate at which we can, directly or through arrangements with original equipment manufacturers, introduce and sell products incorporating our plastic materials technology; the costs of filing, prosecuting, defending and enforcing any patent claims and other intellectual property rights; market acceptance of our products and competing technological developments; and our ability to establish cooperative development, joint venture and licensing arrangements. We expect that we will incur in excess of $1 million of expenditures over the next 12 months. Our cash requirements are expected to increase at a rate consistent with revenue growth as we expand our activities and operations with the objective of commercializing our electro-optic plastic technology during 2008.
Our business does not presently generate the cash needed to
finance our current and anticipated operations. We believe we have
raised sufficient capital to finance our operations for the next five
(5) months, however, we will need to obtain additional future
financing during the latter part of 2007 to finance our operations
until such time that we can conduct profitable revenue-generating
activities. Such future sources of financing may include cash from
equity offerings, exercise of warrants and stock options and proceeds
from debt instruments; but we cannot assure you that such equity or
borrowings will be available or, if available, will be at rates or
prices acceptable to us. If adequate funds are not available to
satisfy either short-term or long-term capital requirements, or if
planned revenues are not generated, we may be required to
substantially limit our operations. This limitation of operations may
include reductions in capital expenditures and reductions in staff and
discretionary costs.
We expect that our cash used in operations will increase during 2007 and beyond as a result of the following planned activities:
* The addition of management, sales, marketing, technical and other staff to our workforce;
* Increased spending for the expansion of our research and development efforts, including purchases of additional laboratory and production equipment;
* Increased spending in marketing as our products are introduced into the marketplace;
* Developing and maintaining collaborative relationships with strategic partners;
* Developing and improving our manufacturing processes and quality controls; and
* Increases in our general and administrative activities related to our operations as a reporting public company and related corporate compliance requirements.
Analysis of Cash Flows
For the year ended December 31, 2006
Net cash used in operating activities was $742,675 for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisting of payments for management, legal, professional and consulting expenses, rent and other expenditures necessary to develop our business infrastructure, offset by $63,187 in realized gains on investments and $9,353 in prepaid expenses.
Net cash provided by investing activities was $166,873 for the year ended December 31, 2006, consisting of $8,514 for intangibles, as well as the proceeds from the sale of available for sale securities of $175,387.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $426,303 for the year ended December 31, 2006 and consisted of $425,000 of proceeds from the sale of our common stock, and $6,500 from a subscription receivable, offset by the repayment of $5,197 of notes payable.
For the year ended December 31, 2005
Net cash used in operating activities was $775,298 for the year ended December 31, 2005, consisting of payments for management, legal, professional and consulting expenses, rent and other expenditures necessary to develop our business infrastructure, offset by $762,565 in deferred charges and $26,334 in accounts payable.
Net cash used in investing activities was $238,687 for the year ended December 31, 2005, consisting of $24,825 for laboratory equipment, $13,862 for intangibles, as well as the purchase of $200,000 of investment securities.
Net cash provided by financing activities was $995,620 for the year ended December 31, 2005 and consisted of $1,000,000 of proceeds from the sale of our common stock, offset by the payment of $4,380 related to a loan payable.
Inflation and Seasonality
We do not believe that our operations are significantly impacted by inflation. Our business is not seasonal in nature.
Item 3. Description Of Property.
We share approximately 1,200 square feet of office space with Universal Capital Management, Inc. for our executive and business office headquarters that are located at 2601 Annand Dr. #16, Wilmington, Delaware 19808. We coordinate our operations and market our services from this space. Universal Capital Management, Inc. allows us to utilize this office space free of charge on a month-to- month basis.
We also lease approximately 1,400 square feet of laboratory space at 41A Germay Drive, Wilmington, Delaware 19804-1100. We operate an organic synthesis and thin-films laboratory from this facility, which has state-of-the-art equipment including NMR, IR, UV/VIS and HPLC analytical systems, profilometry evaluation and electro-optic (r33) materials characterization necessary to produce next generation fiber- optic organic materials. We lease this space at fair market value rates from a third party. The lease expires on December 31, 2008 and annual rent for the space is $8,400.
We believe our executive and business office headquarters are adequate for our reasonably foreseeable needs.
Item 4. Security Ownership Of Certain Beneficial Owners And Management.
Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners
The following table sets forth the names, addresses, amount and nature of beneficial ownership and percent of such ownership of each person or group known to our Company to be the beneficial owner of more than five percent (5%) of our common stock:
Name and Address Amount and Nature of Beneficial Owner (1) of Beneficial Ownership(3) % of Class Owned (5) ----------------------- -------------------------- -------------------- Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. (2) 3,372,000 11.17% Frederick J. Goetz (2) 6,597,000 (4) 21.85% Mary Goetz (2) 6,597,000 (4) 21.85% Andrew J. Ashton 3,132,000 10.37% --------------------------- |
1. In care of our Company at 2601 Annand Dr. #16, Wilmington,
Delaware 19808.
2. Frederick J. Goetz and Mary Goetz are Husband and wife, and
Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. is their son.
3. To our best knowledge, as of the date hereof, such holders had
the sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting
securities beneficially owned by them, unless otherwise indicated
herein. Includes the person's right to obtain additional shares
of common stock within 60 days from the date hereof.
4. Consists of (i) 3,465,000 shares of common stock owned by
Frederick J. Goetz; and (ii) 3,132,000 shares of common stock
owned by Mary Goetz. Each of Frederick J. Goetz and Mary Goetz
disclaim any beneficial ownership of their spouse's shares of
common stock.
5. Based on 30,188,535 shares of common stock outstanding. Does not
include shares underlying: (i) options to purchase shares of our
common stock under our 2005 Stock Option Plan, or (ii)
outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock.
Security Ownership of Management
The following table sets forth the names, addresses, amount and nature of beneficial ownership and percent of such ownership of our common stock of each of our officers and directors, and officers and directors as a group:
Name and Address Amount and Nature of Beneficial Owner (1) of Beneficial Ownership(2) % of Class Owned (3)(4) ----------------------- -------------------------- ----------------------- Ronald R. Genova Interim Chief Executive Officer (5) 444,000 (6) 1.47% Harold R. Bennett Director Chief Executive Officer (7) ** (8) ** (8) Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. (9) Director, President 3,372,000 11.17% Frederick J. Goetz (9) Chief Technology Officer 6,597,000 (10) 21.85% Andrew J. Ashton Director, Executive Vice President, Treasurer Secretary 3,132,000 10.37% Directors and Officers as a Group (5 Persons) 13,545,000 44.86% ---------------------------- |
1. In care of our Company at 2601 Annand Dr. #16, Wilmington,
Delaware 19808.
2. To our best knowledge, as of the date hereof, such holders had
the sole voting and investment power with respect to the voting
securities beneficially owned by them, unless otherwise indicated
herein. Includes the person's right to obtain additional shares
of common stock within 60 days from the date hereof.
3. Based on 30,188,535 shares of common stock outstanding. Does not
include shares underlying: (i) options to purchase shares of our
common stock under our 2005 Stock Option Plan, or (ii)
outstanding warrants to purchase shares of our common stock.
4. If a person listed on this table has the right to obtain
additional shares of common stock within 60 days from the date
hereof, the additional shares are deemed to be outstanding for
the purpose of computing the percentage of class owned by such
person, but are not deemed to be outstanding for the purpose of
computing the percentage of any other person.
5. From September 2005 to February 2007, Mr. Genova served as our
Interim Chief Executive Officer.
6. Consists of an option to purchase up to 444,000 shares of common
stock exercisable within 60 days from the date hereof.
7. Mr. Bennett was appointed to serve as our Chief Executive Officer
in March 2007.
8. Our company has not yet negotiated an employment compensation
package with Mr. Bennett.
9. Frederick J. Goetz and Mary Goetz are Husband and wife, and
Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. is their son.
10. Consists of (i) 3,465,000 shares of common stock owned by
Frederick J. Goetz; and (ii) 3,132,000 shares of common stock
owned by Mary Goetz. Frederick J. Goetz disclaims any beneficial
ownership of the 3,132,000 shares of common stock owned by Mary
Goetz, his wife.
Item 5. Directors And Executive Officers, Promoters And Control Persons.
Our current directors and executive officers are as follows:
Name Age Position Term/Period Served ---- --- -------- ------------------ Harold R. Bennett 50 Director, Chief Executive 1 yr./Since 2007 Officer Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. 32 Director, President 1 yr./Since 2004 Frederick J. Goetz (1) 64 Chief Technology Officer ----/Since Inception (1) Andrew J. Ashton 31 Director, Senior Vice 1 yr./Since 2004 President, Treasurer, Secretary ------------------------ |
1. Dr. Goetz was the founder of PSI-TEC Corporation and has served as an officer and until 2005, a director, of our Company since its inception.
Mr. Goetz began his career at Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory and the Army Research Laboratory on Aberdeen Proving Grounds after graduating first in his class in physics from the University of Delaware. He holds a degree in physics and currently serves as technical advisor on the board of Universal Capital Management. Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. is Dr. Goetz's son.
Item 6. Executive Compensation.
The table below summarizes all compensation awarded to, earned by, or paid to our current executive officers for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005.
Summary Compensation Table -------------------------- Nonqualified Name Non-Equity Deferred and Stock Option Incentive Plan Compensation All Other principal Salary Bonus Awards Awards Compensation Earnings Compensation Total position Year ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) ($) -------- ---- ------ ----- ------ -------- -------------- ------------ ------------ -------- Ronald R. Genova, 2006 96,000 0 0 $473,737 0 0 0 $569,737 Interim CEO(1) 2005 51,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 51,000 Frederick J. 2006 96,000 0 0 0 0 0 6,000(5) $102,000 Goetz, Jr., 2005 96,000 0 0 0 0 0 6,000(5) $102,000 President, Director(2) Frederick J. 2006 72,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 72,000 Goetz, Sr., 2005 72,000 0 0 0 0 0 4,000 $ 76,000 Chief Tech. Officer, Former Director(3) Andrew J. Ashton, 2006 96,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 96,000 Vice Pres., 2005 96,000 0 0 0 0 0 0 $ 96,000 Treasurer, Director(4) |
(1) From September 2005 to February 2007, Mr. Genova served as our
Interim Chief Executive Officer. Mr. Genova received $8,000 per month
for serving as our interim chief executive officer. During 2005,
$24,000 of Mr. Genova's salary was for serving as our interim chief
executive officer and $27,000 was for consulting services Mr. Genova
provided our Company prior to September 2005. Mr. Genova deferred
payment of $24,000 owed to him during 2006 due to our limited
operating capital. Previously, on May 6, 2005, we entered into an
Advisory Board Agreement with Mr. Genova whereby we named Mr. Genova
to our Advisory Board to provide advisory services to our Company, and
pursuant to that agreement we issued to Mr. Genova a warrant to
purchase 100,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of
$2.10 per share. On February 14, 2006, we canceled that warrant and
granted Mr. Genova stock options to purchase up to 500,000 shares of
our common stock at the exercise price of $1.00 per share pursuant to
our 2005 Stock Option Plan.
(2) We have no written employment agreement with Fred Goetz, Jr. Mr.
Goetz receives an annual salary of $96,000. Due to our limited
operating capital, Mr. Goetz deferred payment of $16,000 and $8,000
owed to him during 2006 and 2005, respectively.
(3) Mr. Fred Goetz, Sr. ceased being a director on December 20, 2005.
We have no written employment agreement with Fred Goetz, Sr. Mr. Goetz
receives an annual salary of $72,000. Due to our limited operating
capital, Mr. Goetz deferred payment of $18,000 owed to him during
2006.
(4) We have no written employment agreement with Andrew J. Ashton.
Mr. Ashton receives an annual salary of $96,000. Due to our limited
operating capital, Mr. Ashton deferred payment of $16,000 and $8,000
owed to him during 2006 and 2005, respectively.
(5) We provide an automobile that Mr. Fred Goetz, Jr. utilizes at a
cost to us of approximately $6,000 per year.
Summary of Options Grants
Set forth below is a summary of our option awards to executive officers outstanding as of December 31, 2006, our latest fiscal year end.
Number of Securities Number of Securities Underlying Option Option Underlying Unexercised Unexercised Options Exercise Expiration Name Options (#) Exercisable (1) (#) Unexercisable Price ($) Date ---- --------------------------- -------------------- --------- ---------- Ronald R. Genova 444,000 --- 1.00 5/30/07 |
(1) We grant stock options to our executive officers based on their level of experience and contributions to our Company. The aggregate fair value of these options are computed in accordance with FAS 123R and are reported in the Summary Compensation Table above in the column
titled "Option Awards." On February 14, 2006, we granted Mr. Genova options to purchase up to 500,000 shares of our common stock at the exercise price of $1.00 per share with an expiration date of February 14, 2009, pursuant to our 2005 Stock Option Plan, and we canceled a previously issued 100,000 share warrant to purchase our common stock at an exercise price of $2.10 per share. On November 10, 2006, we extended the option expiration date to February 13, 2016 and modified the vesting schedule of unvested options from 300,000 options vesting from 2/14/06 to 2/14/09 and 200,000 options vesting from 1/1/07 to 2/14/09 to 420,000 options vesting on November 10, 2006 and 80,000 options vesting at the rate of 8,000 options per month from 12/1/06 to 9/1/07. Pursuant to our 2005 Stock Option Plan, since Mr. Genova's employment with the Company ceased effective February 28, 2007, the expiration date of his options accelerated to 5/30/07. At no time during the last fiscal year was any outstanding option otherwise modified or re-priced, and there was no tandem feature, reload feature, or tax-reimbursement feature associated with any of the stock options we granted to our executive officers or otherwise.
There were no other options granted or exercised by the named executive officers in the last two fiscal years.
Compensation of Directors
During fiscal years 2005 and 2006, no officer or director received any type of compensation from our Company for serving as such. Presently, our directors, including those who serve as officers of our Company, are not compensated for serving as such, other than reimbursement for out of pocket expenses incurred in attending director meetings.
We adopted our 2005 Stock Option Plan for the benefit of our directors, officers, employees and consultants, and we have reserved 1,000,000 shares of common stock for such persons pursuant to this Plan.
Our board of directors currently has no formal committees, such as a compensation committee or an audit committee.
Item 7. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions.
None.
Item 8. Description of Securities.
General
As of the date of this registration statement, we have the authority to issue 51,000,000 shares of stock, consisting of 50,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share; and 1,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. As of the date of this registration statement, we have a total of 30,188,535 shares of common stock outstanding, held of record by approximately 103 stockholders. We do not have any shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Common Stock
Each outstanding share of common stock is entitled to one vote on all matters to be submitted to a vote of the stockholders. Holders do not have preemptive rights, so we may issue additional shares that may reduce each holder's voting and financial interest in our Company. Cumulative voting does not apply to the election of directors, so holders of more than 50% of the shares voted for the election of directors can elect all of the directors. All elections for directors shall be decided by a plurality vote; all other questions shall be decided by majority vote except as otherwise provided by Nevada Statutes. Our bylaws permit the holders of the same percentage of all shareholders entitled to vote at a meeting to take action by written consent without a meeting.
Holders of common stock are entitled to receive dividends when, as and if declared by the board of directors out of funds legally available therefor. In the event of liquidation, dissolution or winding up of our Company, holders are entitled to share ratably in all assets remaining available for distribution to them after payment of liabilities and after provision has been made for each class of stock, if any, having preference over the common stock. Holders do not have any conversion, redemption provisions or other subscription rights. All of the outstanding shares of common stock are fully paid and non-assessable.
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to our Company's Articles of Incorporation, our board of directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue series of preferred stock with any designations, rights and preferences as they may from time to time determine. The rights and preferences of this preferred stock may be superior to the rights and preferences of our common stock; consequently, preferred stock, if issued, could have dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the common stock. Additionally, Preferred stock, if issued, could be utilized, under special circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or preventing a change in control of our business or a takeover from a third party.
PART II
Item 1. Market Price of and Dividends on the Registrant's Common Equity and Related Stockholder Matters.
Market Information
Our common stock is currently traded under the symbol TDON on the Pink Sheets' Electronic Quotation Service (the "Pink Sheets").
The following table set forth below lists the range of high and low bids for our common stock for each fiscal quarter for the last two fiscal years as reported by the Pink Sheets. The prices in the table reflect inter-dealer prices, without retail markup, markdown or commission and may not represent actual transactions.
High Low ---- --- 2005 Bid Asked Bid Asked ---- --- ----- --- ----- 1st Quarter $4.40 $4.85 $0.56 $0.65 2nd Quarter $4.60 $4.80 $1.85 $1.865 3rd Quarter $3.05 $3.13 $2.00 $2.09 4th Quarter $2.06 $2.10 $1.30 $1.45 2006 ---- 1st Quarter $2.10 $2.15 $2.15 $0.90 2nd Quarter $1.87 $2.00 $2.00 $1.10 3rd Quarter $1.14 $1.25 $1.25 $0.53 4th Quarter $0.83 $0.86 $0.38 $0.42 |
Holders
As of the date of this registration statement, we have a total of 30,188,535 shares of common stock outstanding, held of record by approximately 103 shareholders. We do not have any shares of preferred stock outstanding.
Dividends
No cash dividends have been declared or paid on our common stock to date. No restrictions limit our ability to pay dividends on our common stock. The payment of cash dividends in the future, if any, will be contingent upon our Company's revenues and earnings, if any, capital requirements and general financial condition. The payment of any dividends is within the discretion of our board of directors. Our board of director's present intention is to retain all earnings, if any, for use in our business operations and, accordingly, the board of directors does not anticipate paying any cash dividends in the foreseeable future.
Securities Authorized for Issuance Under Equity Compensation Plans
The following table provides information about our compensation plans under which shares of common stock may be issued upon the exercise of options as of December 31, 2006.
Equity Compensation Plans as of December 31, 2006 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- A B C --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number of securities remaining available for Weighted- future issuance under Number of securities average exercise equity compensation to be issued upon price of plans (excluding exercise of outstanding outstanding options, securities reflected Plan category options, warrants and rights warrants and rights in column (A)) --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equity compensation plans approved by security holders(1) 700,000 1.00 300,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Equity compensation plans not approved by security holders --- --- --- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total 700,000 $1.00 300,000 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
On December 20, 2005, we adopted our 2005 Stock Option Plan for the benefit of our directors, officers, employees and consultants, and we have reserved 1,000,000 shares of common stock for such persons pursuant to this Plan.
Over-the-counter Bulletin Board Listing Matters
By virtue of filing this registration statement, we are making an
application with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC" or
"Commission") to register our common stock under the provisions of
Section 12(g) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the
"Exchange Act"). This registration will require our Company to comply
with periodic reporting, proxy solicitations and certain other
requirements of the Exchange Act.
We intend to seek the listing of our common stock on the over- the-counter bulletin board ("OTCBB") upon the completion of this registration statement. In order to become listed on the OTCBB, a NASD market maker must apply on our behalf to make a market of our common stock on the OTCBB. We cannot assure you that a market maker will make an application on our behalf, or that if an application is made on our behalf, that the NASD will list our Company on the OTCBB.
Penny Stock Regulations and Restrictions on Marketability
The SEC has adopted rules that regulate broker-dealer practices
in connection with transactions in penny stocks. Penny stocks are
generally equity securities with a market price of less than $5.00,
other than securities registered on certain national securities
exchanges or quoted on the NASDAQ system, provided that current price
and volume information with respect to transactions in such securities
is provided by the exchange or system. The penny stock rules require a
broker-dealer, prior to a transaction in a penny stock, to deliver a
standardized risk disclosure document prepared by the SEC, that: (a)
contains a description of the nature and level of risk in the market
for penny stocks in both public offerings and secondary trading; (b)
contains a description of the broker's or dealer's duties to the
customer and of the rights and remedies available to the customer with
respect to a violation of such duties or other requirements of the
securities laws; (c) contains a brief, clear, narrative description of
a dealer market, including bid and ask prices for penny stocks and the
significance of the spread between the bid and ask price; (d) contains
a toll-free telephone number for inquiries on disciplinary actions;
(e) defines significant terms in the disclosure document or in the
conduct of trading in penny stocks; and (f) contains such other
information and is in such form, including language, type size and
format, as the SEC shall require by rule or regulation.
The broker-dealer also must provide, prior to effecting any transaction in a penny stock, the customer with (a) bid and offer quotations for the penny stock; (b) the compensation of the broker- dealer and its salesperson in the transaction; (c) the number of shares to which such bid and ask prices apply, or other comparable information relating to the depth and liquidity of the market for such stock; and (d) a monthly account statement showing the market value of each penny stock held in the customer's account.
In addition, the penny stock rules require that prior to a transaction in a penny stock not otherwise exempt from those rules, the broker-dealer must make a special written determination that the penny stock is a suitable investment for the purchaser and receive the purchaser's written acknowledgment of the receipt of a risk disclosure statement, a written agreement as to transactions involving penny stocks, and a signed and dated copy of a written suitability statement.
These disclosure requirements may have the effect of reducing the trading activity for our common stock. Therefore, stockholders may have difficulty selling our securities.
Our Transfer Agent
StockTrans, Inc. is the transfer agent for our common stock. They are located at 44 West Lancaster Ave., Ardmore, Pennsylvania 19003.
Item 2. Legal Proceedings.
During the spring of 2005, we raised $1,000,000 through the sale of 4,000,000 shares of our common stock in a limited offering to persons considered to be accredited investors. Our Company received a legal opinion from outside counsel as to the availability of an exemption from registration with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (the "SEC" or "Commission") with respect to the limited offering.
In December 2005, we were informed by the Commission that it is investigating the circumstances surrounding the $1,000,000 offering described above including the subsequent public resale of certain shares originally sold in the offering, along with related matters. Our Company has further been informed that the original issuance of the stock and subsequent resale thereof may have been done, in the opinion of the Commission, in violation of the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These matters could lead to enforcement action by the Commission. Our Company has committed to cooperate fully with the Commission with the intention that all issues will be resolved as quickly as possible.
Other than described herein, we are not aware of any litigation or threatened litigation of a material nature.
Item 3. Changes In and Disagreements with Accountants.
Not Applicable.
Item 4. Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities.
Our Company has sold the following securities within the past three years without registering the securities under the Securities Act:
Common Stock/Convertible Notes
During 2004, our Company and subsidiary issued $499,000 in convertible promissory notes and 187,500 shares of our common stock to forty-one accredited investors. Our Company and subsidiary relied on Rule 506 of Regulation D for these transactions. The 187,500 shares of our common stock were issued at the price of 0.16 per share. As of June of 2005, all of the convertible promissory notes were converted into 3,118,750 shares of our common stock at the conversion price of approximately $0.16 per share.
In July 2004, pursuant to our plan of reorganization, PSI-TEC shareholders were issued 15,600,000 shares of our common stock. These persons were the only offerees in connection with this transaction. We relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act.
Also in July 2004, our Company issued 637,500 shares of common stock to five other persons, including 100,000 shares to our president, in exchange for the services such persons provided to our Company and subsidiary prior to August 1, 2004. The shares were valued at $0.16 per share for an aggregate amount of $102,000. These persons were the only offerees in connection with this transaction. We relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
During April 2005 we issued 4,000,000 shares of common stock to seven persons our Company considered to be accredited investors at $0.25 per share for an aggregate amount of $1,000,000. We relied on Rule 504 of Regulation D for this transaction.
During August 2005 we issued 200,000 shares of common stock to
one accredited investor, in exchange for management advisory services
it provided to our Company and its subsidiary. The shares were valued
at $2.92 per share for an aggregate amount of $584,000. This person
was the only offeree in connection with this transaction. We relied on
Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transaction did not
involve any public offering.
Also, during August 2005 we issued 210,000 shares of common stock to two accredited investors in exchange for consulting services provided to our Company and its subsidiary. The shares were valued at an average price of approximately $2.79 per share for an aggregate amount of $585,500. These persons were the only offerees in connection with these transactions. We relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transactions did not involve any public offering.
During December 2005, our Company adopted its 2005 Stock Option Plan and reserved up to 1,000,000 shares of our Company's common stock for issuance pursuant to the Stock Option Plan. Since then, we have granted options to purchase up to 700,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $1.00 per share.
During December 2005, we issued 300,000 shares of common stock to one accredited investor for $75,000 pursuant to a warrant to purchase 300,000 shares of our common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share issued during that same time. We relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
During February 2006 we issued an aggregate of 300,000 shares of common stock to two accredited investors for professional and consulting services. The shares were valued at $0.90 per share for an aggregate amount of approximately $270,000. We relied on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 701 of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
During May and June of 2006 we issued an aggregate of 425,000 shares of common stock to three accredited investors for professional and consulting services. The shares were valued at approximately $1.45 to 1.60 per share for an aggregate amount of approximately $656,250. We relied on Section 4(2) and/or Rule 701 of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
During June 2006, we authorized the private offering of our
common stock, which offering was amended in August and again in
December 2006. Ultimately, the private offering terms were to raise up
to an aggregate of $1,000,000, with up to 20 units to be offered at
the offering price of $50,000 per unit, with each unit comprised of
100,000 shares of common stock, and a warrant to purchase 50,000
shares of common stock at $0.50 per share. The private offering raised
a total of $999,000, $425,000 during 2006 and $574,000 during the
first quarter of 2007, and was closed in March 2007. We relied on
Section 4(2) and Rule 506 of Regulation D of the Securities Act since
the transaction does not involve any public offering.
During November 2006, we issued 60,000 shares of our common stock to one accredited investor for consulting services. The shares were valued at approximately $0.49 per share for an aggregate amount of $29,400. We relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
During February 2007, we issued: (i) 151,785 shares of our common stock to one accredited investor for stock analyst services. The shares were valued at approximately $0.70 per share for an aggregate amount of approximately $106,250; and (ii) 1,000,000 shares of our common stock to one accredited investor for management advisory services. The shares were valued at approximately $0.58 per share for an aggregate amount of approximately $580,000 These persons were the only offerees in connection with these transactions. Our Company relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve any public offering.
Warrants to Purchase Common Stock
Our Company has outstanding the following warrants to purchase shares of our Company's common stock as described below:
Shares Underlying Date Issued Warrants/ Exercise Price Exercise/Expiration Schedule ----------- ------------------------ ---------------------------- September 1, 2005 50,000/$2.00 25,000 shares from 9/1/06 - 9/1//07(1)(2) 25,000 shares from 9/1/07 - 9/1//08(1)(2) June 1, 2006 300,000/$0.25 300,000 shares from 6/1/06 - 5/31/08(2) ----(3) 999,000/$.50 ----(4)(5) -------------------- |
1. The warrant holder must remain an employee of, or an active
advisor or consultant to our Company during such exercise
period.
2. The warrants were issued in connection with advisory
services provided to our Company. These persons were the
only offerees in connection with this transaction. Our
Company relied on Section 4(2) of the Securities Act since
the transaction did not involve any public offering.
3. Issued at various times in connection with our June 16,
2006 amended private offering.
4. The warrants are immediately exercisable for a period of
two (2) years from the date of purchase.
5. We relied upon Section 4(2) and Rule 506 of Regulation D of
the Securities Act since the transaction did not involve
any public offering.
No underwriters were utilized and no commissions or fees were paid with respect to any of the above transactions.
Item 5. Indemnification of Directors and Officers.
Nevada Revised Statutes provide for indemnification of the corporation's directors, officers, employees and agents for liabilities and expenses that they may incur as a result of his or her acting in such capacities. In general, directors, officers, employees and agents are indemnified with respect to actions taken in good faith, in a manner reasonably believed to be in, or not opposed to, the best interests of the corporation, and with respect to any criminal action or proceeding, actions that the indemnitee had no reasonable cause to believe were unlawful. Our Articles of Incorporation provide that a director or officer shall be liable to the extent provided by applicable law, (i) for acts or omission which involves intentional misconduct, fraud or a knowing violation of the law, or (ii) for the payment of dividends in violation of the Nevada Revised Statutes.
Insofar as indemnification arising under the Securities Act may be permitted to our directors, officers and controlling persons pursuant to the foregoing provisions or otherwise, we have been advised that in the opinion of the Commission such indemnification is against public policy as expressed in the Securities Act and is, therefore, unenforceable.
PART F/S
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
PAGE ---- REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM F-1 BALANCE SHEETS F-2 STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS F-3 STATEMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS F-4 STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY F-5 STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS F-6 - F-7 NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS F-8 - F-19 |
REPORT OF INDEPENDENT REGISTERED PUBLIC ACCOUNTING FIRM
To the Board of Directors
Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
(Formerly PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc.)
Wilmington, DE
We have audited the accompanying balance sheets of Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., (formerly PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc.), as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and the related statements of operations, comprehensive loss, stockholders' equity and cash flows for the years then ended and for the period from January 1, 2004 (inception of development stage) through December 31, 2006. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Company's management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free from material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of Third- Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., (formerly PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc.) as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 and results of their operations and their cash flows for the years then ended and for the period from January 1, 2004 (inception of development stage) through December 31, 2006 in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States.
As discussed in Note 11 to the financial statements, the Company changed its method of accounting for share-based payments as of January 1, 2006.
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming that the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company is in the development stage at December 31, 2006. As discussed in Note 2 to the financial statements, successful completion of the Company's development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities and achieving a level of sales adequate to support the Company's cost structure. These factors raise substantial doubt about the ability of the Company to continue as a going concern. The consolidated financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of these uncertainties.
/s/ MORISON COGEN LLP March 23, 2007 Bala Cynwyd, Pennsylvania |
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
BALANCE SHEETS
December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 ----------------- ----------------- ASSETS CURRENT ASSETS Cash and cash equivalents $ 528 $ 150,027 Deferred charges 683,254 445,625 Prepaid expenses 9,353 - Receivables 100 75,100 ----------------- ----------------- 693,235 670,752 AVAILABLE FOR SALE SECURITIES 61,800 200,000 PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT - NET 42,335 54,496 OTHER ASSETS Intangible assets 42,376 33,862 ----------------- ----------------- TOTAL ASSETS $ 839,746 $ 959,110 ================= ================= LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY CURRENT LIABILITIES Loan payable - current portion $ 4,977 $ 4,696 Accounts payable 100,714 12,290 Accounts payable - related party 65,339 - Accrued expenses 83,712 94,536 Officer loans 1,468 1,468 ----------------- ----------------- 256,210 112,990 CONTINGENCY - - LOAN PAYABLE - NET OF CURRENT PORTION 8,764 14,242 ----------------- ----------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES 264,974 127,232 ----------------- ----------------- STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY Preferred stock, $0.001 par value, 1,000,000 authorized No shares issued or outstanding - - Common stock $0.001 par value, 50,000,000 authorized 27,888,750 and 26,253,750 issued and outstanding at December 31, 2006 and 2005 27,889 26,254 Additional paid-in-capital 5,629,140 3,590,407 Subscription receivable - (6,500) Deferred charges - (318,545) Unrealized loss on Available for Sale Securities (26,000) - Accumulated deficit (15,827) (15,827) Deficit accumulated during development stage (5,040,430) (2,443,911) ----------------- ----------------- TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY 574,772 831,878 ----------------- ----------------- TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY $ 839,746 $ 959,110 ================= ================= |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005 AND
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 2004
(INCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) TO DECEMBER 31, 2006
Cumulative For the For the Since Year Ending Year Ending Inception December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 ---------- ----------------- ----------------- NET SALES $ - $ - $ - COST AND EXPENSE Research and development 3,063,790 1,986,363 813,725 General and administrative 2,024,112 671,096 894,332 ----------- -------------- ---------------- 5,087,902 2,657,459 1,708,057 LOSS FROM OPERATIONS (5,087,902) (2,657,459) (1,708,057) OTHER INCOME (EXPENSE) Interest income 7,477 243 6,994 Dividend income 1,527 1,527 - Realized gain on investment 63,187 63,187 - Interest expense (24,719) (4,017) (20,702) ----------- -------------- ---------------- NET LOSS $(5,040,430) $ (2,596,519) $ (1,721,765) =========== ============== ================ Basic and Diluted Loss per Share $ (0.10) $ (0.07) ============== ================ Basic and Diluted Weighted Average Number of Shares 27,190,449 24,098,833 ============== ================ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
AND FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 2004
(INCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) TO DECEMBER 31, 2006
Cumulative For the For the Since Year Ending Year Ending Inception December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 ---------- ----------------- ----------------- NET LOSS $(5,040,430) $ (2,596,519) $ (1,721,765) OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS Unrealized loss on Available for Sale Securities (26,000) (26,000) - ----------- -------------- ---------------- COMPREHENSIVE LOSS $(5,066,430) $ (2,622,519) $ (1,721,765) =========== ============== ================ |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENT OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 2004
(INCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) TO DECEMBER 31, 2006
Deficit Accumulated During Unrealized Number of Common Paid-in Subscription Deferred Accumulated Development Loss on Shares Stock Capital Receivable Charges Deficit Stage Securities Total ---------- -------- ---------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------- ----------- ENDING BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2003 100 $ 1 $ - $ - $ - $ (15,827) $ - $ - $ (15,826) Retroactive recapitalization upon reverse acquisition 706,973 706 (706) - - - - - - ---------- -------- ---------- ------------ --------- -------- ----------- --------- ----------- BALANCE AT JANUARY 1, 2004 707,073 707 (706) - - (15,827) - - (15,826) Issuance of common stock to founders 13,292,927 13,293 (13,293) - - - - - - Issuance of common stock for services 1,600,000 1,600 254,400 - - - - - 256,000 Issuance of common stock at merger 2,000,000 2,000 (2,000) - - - - - - Issuance of common stock for services (post-merger) 637,500 638 74,362 - - - - - 75,000 Conversion of note payable 187,500 187 29,813 - - - - - 30,000 Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2004 - - - - - - (722,146) - (722,146) ---------- -------- ---------- ------------ --------- -------- ----------- --------- ----------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2004 18,425,000 18,425 342,576 - - (15,827) (722,146) - (376,972) Issuance of common stock, private placement 4,000,000 4,000 996,000 - - - - - 1,000,000 Conversion of notes payable 3,118,750 3,119 495,881 - - - - - 499,000 Subscription receivable - - - (6,500) - - - - (6,500) Issuance of common stock for services 410,000 410 1,169,090 - - - - - 1,169,500 Deferred charges - - - - (318,545) - - - (318,545) Issuance of warrants for services - - 512,160 - - - - - 512,160 Exercise of warrants 300,000 300 74,700 - - - - - 75,000 Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2005 - - - - - - (1,721,765) - (1,721,765) ---------- -------- ---------- ------------ --------- -------- ----------- --------- ----------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2005 26,253,750 26,254 3,590,407 (6,500) (318,545) (15,827) (2,443,911) - 831,878 Issuance of common stock for services 785,000 785 954,865 - - - - - 955,650 Issuance of common stock, private placement 850,000 850 424,150 - - - - - 425,000 Stock options issued for services - - 624,094 - - - - - 624,094 Contributed capital related to accrued interest - - 35,624 - - - - - 35,624 Subscription receivable - - - 6,500 - - - - 6,500 Amortization of deferred charges - - - - 318,545 - - - 318,545 Net loss for the year ending December 31, 2006 - - - - - - (2,596,519) - (2,596,519) Unrealzed loss on securities - - - - - - - (26,000) (26,000) ---------- -------- ---------- ------------ --------- -------- ----------- --------- ----------- BALANCE AT DECEMBER 31, 2006 27,888,750 $ 27,889 $5,629,140 $ - $ - $(15,827) $(5,040,430) $ (26,000) $ 574,772 ========== ======== ========== ============ ========= ======== =========== ========= =========== |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005 AND
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 2004
(INCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) TO DECEMBER 31, 2006
Cumulative For the For the Since Year Ending Year Ending Inception December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 ------------- ----------------- ----------------- CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES Net loss $ (5,040,430) $ (2,596,519) $ (1,721,765) Adjustment to reconcile net loss to net cash used in operating activities Warrants issued for services 512,160 - 512,160 Amortization of deferred charges 318,545 318,545 - Stock options issued for services 624,094 624,094 - Depreciation 28,776 12,161 10,222 Issuance of common stock for services 1,500,500 - 1,169,500 Realized gain on investments (63,187) (63,187) - (Increase) decrease in assets Receivables 69,439 75,000 11,000 Deferred charges (43,649) 718,021 (762,565) Prepaid expenses (9,353) (9,353) - Increase (decrease) in liabilities Accounts payable 158,921 88,424 (26,334) Accounts payable - related party 65,339 65,339 - Accrued expenses 18,198 24,800 32,484 ------------- ----------------- ----------------- Net cash used in operating activities (1,860,647) (742,675) (775,298) ------------- ----------------- ----------------- CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES Purchase of intangibles (42,376) (8,514) (13,862) Proceeds from sale of available for sale securities 175,387 175,387 - Purchase of available for sale securities (200,000) - (200,000) Purchase of equipment (24,825) - (24,825) ------------- ----------------- ----------------- Net cash provided by (used) in investing activities (91,814) 166,873 (238,687) ------------- ----------------- ----------------- CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES Issuance of common stock, private placement 1,455,000 425,000 1,000,000 Repayment of notes payable (10,902) (5,197) (4,380) Proceeds from subscription receivable 6,500 6,500 - Advances to stockholders (3,435) - - Proceeds from convertible notes 499,000 - - Advances from officers 1,468 - - ------------- ----------------- ----------------- Net cash provided by financing activities 1,947,631 426,303 995,620 ------------- ----------------- ----------------- NET INCREASE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS (4,830) (149,499) (18,365) CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - BEGINNING OF PERIOD 5,358 150,027 168,392 ------------- ----------------- ----------------- CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS - END OF PERIOD $ 528 $ 528 $ 150,027 ============= ================= ================= |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
FOR THE YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005 AND
FOR THE PERIOD JANUARY 1, 2004
(INCEPTION OF DEVELOPMENT STAGE) TO DECEMBER 31, 2006
Cumulative For the For the Since Year Ending Year Ending Inception December 31, 2006 December 31, 2005 ------------- ----------------- ----------------- SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURES OF CASH FLOW INFORMATION CASH PAID DURING THE PERIOD FOR: Interest $ 12,110 $ 4,017 $ 2,556 ============= ================= ================= SUPPLEMENTAL DISCLOSURE OF NON-CASH INVESTING AND FINANCING ACTIVITIES Common stock issued in exchange for deferred charges $ 955,650 $ 955,650 $ - Accrued interest contributed as capital $ 35,624 $ 35,624 $ - Common stock issued in the conversion of notes payable $ 499,000 $ - $ 499,000 Acquisition of automobile through loan payable $ 24,643 $ - $ - Common stock issued upon exercise of a warrant in exchange for receivable $ 75,000 $ - $ 75,000 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these financial statements.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
History and Nature of Business
Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., formerly PSI-Tec Holdings, Inc.,
formerly Eastern Idaho Internet Service, Inc. (the "Company") was
organized under the laws of the State of Nevada in 1997. The Company
was engaged in the business of marketing internet services until June
30, 1998, at which time the principal assets of the business were sold
and operations were discontinued. The Company was inactive until the
acquisition of PSI-TEC Corporation ("PSI-TEC") on July 14, 2004, at
which time the name was changed to PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc.
Development Stage
PSI-TEC was incorporated in 1995 under the laws of the State of
Delaware. PSI-TEC primarily conducted research for the United States
Government under a contract, which expired in 2003. Beginning January
1, 2004, PSI-TEC was engaged in the development of electro-optic
polymers for application in the electro-optic device markets. PSI-TEC
is considered a development stage company as defined in Statement on
Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) No. 7 from the inception of the
development stage on January 1, 2004.
Merger
On July 14, 2004, the Company acquired PSI-TEC. Under the terms of
the merger agreement, the stockholders of PSI-TEC received 15,600,000
shares of common stock in exchange for its 2,206,280 shares.
Following the merger, the Company changed its name to PSI-TEC
Holdings, Inc. Under accounting principles generally accepted in the
United States, the share exchange is considered to be a capital
transaction in substance rather than a business combination. That is,
the share exchange is equivalent to the issuance of stock by PSI-TEC
Holdings, Inc. for the net monetary assets of PSI-TEC, accompanied by
a recapitalization, and is accounted for as a change of capital
structure. Accordingly, the accounting for the share exchange will be
identical to that resulting from a reverse acquisition, except no
goodwill will be recorded. Under reverse takeover accounting, the
post-reverse acquisition comparative historical financial statements
of the legal acquirer, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc., are those of the legal
acquiree, PSI-TEC, which is considered to be the accounting acquirer.
On October 20, 2006, PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc. and PSI-TEC merged and
changed its name to Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
Estimates
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States requires management
to make estimates and assumptions that affect the amounts reported in
the financial statements and accompanying disclosures. Although these
estimates are based on management's best knowledge of current events
and actions the Company may undertake in the future, actual results
could differ from the estimates.
Cash Equivalents
For the purposes of the statement of cash flows, the Company considers
all highly liquid instruments with maturities of three months or less
at the time of purchase to be cash equivalents.
Concentration of Credit Risk
Certain financial instruments potentially subject the Company to
concentrations of credit risk. These financial instruments consist
primarily of cash. The Company places its temporary cash investments
with high credit quality financial institutions to limit its credit
exposure.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Investment
Securities classified as available-for-sale may be sold in response to
changes in interest rates, liquidity needs, and for other purposes.
Available-for-sale securities are carried at fair value. Unrealized
gains and losses on investment securities available for sale are based
on the difference between book value and fair value of each security.
These gains and losses are credited or charged to other comprehensive
income, whereas realized gains and losses are recognized in the
Company's net income (loss).
Property and Equipment
Equipment is stated at cost. Depreciation is principally provided by
use of straight-line methods for financial and tax reporting purposes
over the estimated useful lives of the assets, generally 5 years.
Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Company's financial instruments consist of cash, accounts payable
and accrued expenses. The carrying values of cash, accounts payable
and accrued expenses approximate fair value because of their short
maturities.
Income Taxes
The Company follows Statement of Financial Accounting Standards
("SFAS") No. 109, "Accounting for Income Taxes," which requires an
asset and liability approach to financial accounting and reporting for
income taxes. Deferred income tax assets and liabilities are computed
annually for temporary differences between the financial statement and
tax bases of assets and liabilities that will result in taxable or
deductible amounts in the future based on enacted tax laws and rates
applicable to the periods in which the differences are expected to
affect taxable income. Valuation allowances are established when
necessary to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be
realized. Income tax expense is the tax payable or refundable for the
period plus or minus the change during the period in deferred tax
assets and liabilities.
Loss Per Share
The Company follows SFAS No. 128, "Earnings Per Share," resulting in
the presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share. Because the
Company reported a net loss in 2006 and 2005, common stock
equivalents, including stock options and warrants were anti-dilutive;
therefore, the amounts reported for basic and dilutive loss per share
were the same.
Recoverability of Long Lived Assets
The Company follows SFAS No. 144 "Accounting for the Impairment or
Disposal of Long-Lived Assets" ("Statement 144"). Long-lived assets
to be held and used are reviewed for impairment whenever events or
changes in circumstances indicate that the related carrying amount may
not be recoverable. When required, impairment losses on assets to be
held and used are recognized based on the excess of the asset's
carrying amount.
Comprehensive Income
The Company follows SFAS No. 130, "Reporting Comprehensive Income."
Comprehensive income is a more inclusive financial reporting
methodology that includes disclosure of certain financial information
that historically has not been recognized in the calculation of net
income.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 1- SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES (CONTINUED)
Recently Issued Pronouncements
In June 2006, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued
Interpretation No. 48 ("FIN 48"), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income
Taxes. FIN 48 prescribes detailed guidance for the financial statement
recognition, measurement and disclosure of uncertain tax positions
recognized in an enterprise's financial statements in accordance with
FASB Statement No. 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. Tax positions
must meet a more-likely-than-not recognition threshold at the
effective date to be recognized upon the adoption of FIN 48 and in
subsequent periods. FIN 48 will be effective for fiscal years
beginning after December 15, 2006, and will become effective for us
beginning with the first quarter of 2007, and the provisions of FIN 48
will be applied to all tax positions under Statement No. 109 upon
initial adoption. The cumulative effect of applying the provisions of
this interpretation will be reported as an adjustment to the opening
balance of retained earnings for that fiscal year. The Company is
currently evaluating the potential impact of FIN 48 on its financial
statements.
In September 2006, the SEC issued Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 108 ("SAB No. 108"). SAB No. 108 addresses the process and diversity in practice of quantifying financial statement misstatements resulting in the potential build up of improper amounts on the balance sheet. The Company is required to adopt the provisions of SAB No.108 in fiscal 2006. The adoption of SAB No. 108 did not have a material impact on its financial statements.
In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS No. 157, Fair Value Measurements). SFAS No. 157 establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The changes to current practice resulting from the application of this Statement relate to the definition of fair value, the methods used to measure fair value, and the expanded disclosures about fair value measurements. The Statement is effective for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and will become effective beginning with the first quarter of 2008. The Company has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 157 on its financial statements and footnote disclosures.
In February 2007, the FASB issued SFAS No. 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities. This Statement permits entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. The objective is to improve financial reporting by providing entities with the opportunity to mitigate volatility in reported earnings caused by measuring related assets and liabilities differently without having to apply complex hedge accounting provisions. This statement also establishes presentation and disclosure requirements designed to facilitate comparisons between entities that choose different measurement attributes for similar types of assets and liabilities. This Statement is effective for financial statements issued for fiscal years beginning after November 15, 2007 and will become effective for us beginning with the first quarter of 2008. The Company has not yet determined the impact of the adoption of SFAS No. 159 on its financial statements and footnote disclosures.
NOTE 2 - GOING CONCERN
The accompanying financial statements have been prepared assuming the Company will continue as a going concern. The Company has incurred significant losses and experienced negative cash flow during the development stage. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the Company's ability to continue as a going concern. The financial statements do not include any adjustments that might result from the outcome of this uncertainty.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 2 - GOING CONCERN (CONTINUED)
The Company is in the development stage at December 31, 2006. Successful completion of the Company's development program and, ultimately, the attainment of profitable operations is dependent upon future events, including obtaining adequate financing to fulfill its development activities and achieving a level of revenue adequate to support the Company's cost structure. The Company is currently in the process of raising capital through a private placement memorandum of up to $1,000,000, of which $999,000 has been raised through March 23, 2007. However, there can be no assurances that the Company will be able to secure the necessary financing and/or equity investment or achieve an adequate sales level.
NOTE 3 - DEFERRED CHARGES
Deferred charges represent the unamortized fair value of the issuance of common stock and warrants for future services to non-employees which was accounted for in accordance with Emerging Issue Task Force No. 96-18, Accounting for Equity Instruments That Are Issued To Other Than Employees for Acquiring, or in Conjunction with Selling, Goods or Services, as follows:
2006 2005 ----------- ----------- Common stock $ 1,632,596 $ 1,169,500 Warrants 435,000 435,000 2,067,596 1,604,500 Less: Accumulated amortization 1,384,342 840,330 ----------- ----------- 683,254 764,170 Less: Amount reflected as a contra-equity account for management consulting services - 318,545 ----------- ----------- $ 683,254 $ 445,625 =========== =========== |
NOTE 4 - INVESTMENTS
Investments consist of available-for-sale equity securities of a related party reported at fair value of $59,265 and $200,000 and an equity security reported at fair value at $2,535 and $0 at December 31, 2006 and 2005. Unrealized loss on available-for-sale securities at December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $26,000 and $0. The related party is a stockholder of the Company and also provides services under a management agreement.
During 2006 the Company sold 56,100 shares of the related party for proceeds of $175,387 resulting in a short-term capital gain of $63,187.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 5 - EQUIPMENT
Equipment consists of the following:
2006 2005 ------- ------- Automobile $24,643 $24,643 Office equipment 23,752 23,752 Lab equipment 24,825 24,825 ------- ------- 73,220 73,220 Less: Accumulated depreciation 30,885 18,724 ------- ------- $42,335 $54,496 ======= ======= |
Depreciation expense for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $12,161 and $10,222.
NOTE 6 - INTANGIBLE ASSETS
Intangible assets consist of a patent pending amounting to $42,376 and $33,862 at December 31, 2006 and 2005. Amortization will begin upon issuance of the patent.
NOTE 7 - LOAN PAYABLE
During 2004, the Company entered into a loan payable in the amount of $24,643 to finance an automobile. This loan is payable in monthly installments of $489, including interest at 7%, due August 2009, and is secured by the automobile.
The minimum annual repayment requirements on the loan payable as of December 31, 2006 are as follows:
YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, AMOUNT ------------ ------ 2007 $ 4,977 2008 4,878 2009 3,886 -------- Total 13,741 Less: Current portion 4,977 -------- $ 8,764 ======== |
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 8 - COMMITMENTS
The Company is obligated under two operating lease for office and lab space expiring December 31, 2008.
Aggregate minimum future lease payments are as follows:
YEARS ENDING DECEMBER 31, AMOUNT ------------ ------ 2006 $44,343 2007 44,593 |
Rent expense approximating $20,275 and $10,200 is included in general and administrative expenses for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005.
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES
As discussed in Note 1, the Company utilizes the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes in accordance with SFAS 109. The effective tax rates differ from the statutory rate primarily due to the Company's historical corporate structure. The reconciliation of the statutory federal rate to the Company's historical Income tax benefit is as follows:
2006 2005 ------------------ ------------------ Amount % Amount % Income tax benefit at U.S. federal income tax rate $ (909,000) (35) $ (605,000) (35) State tax, net of federal tax effect (167,000) (7) (111,000) (7) Non-deductible options 43,000 9 - - Non-deductible amortization - - - - Change in valuation allowance 1,033,000 33 716,000 42 ---------- ---- ---------- ---- $ - - $ - - ========== ==== ========== ==== |
The components of deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2006 and December 31, 2005 are as follows:
2006 2005 ----------- ----------- Deferred tax asset for NOL carryforwards $ 2,067,000 $ 1,034,000 Valuation allowance (2,067,000) (1,034,000) ----------- ----------- $ - $ - =========== =========== |
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 9 - INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED)
The valuation allowance for deferred tax assets as of December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $2,067,000 and $1,034,000. The change in the total valuation for the years ended December 31, 2006 and 2005 was an increase of $1,033,000 and $716,000. In assessing the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers whether it is more likely than not that some portion or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The ultimate realization of deferred tax assets is dependant upon the generation of future taxable income during the periods in which the net operating losses and temporary differences become deductible. Management considered projected future taxable income and tax planning strategies in making this assessment. The value of the deferred tax assets was offset by a valuation allowance, due to the current uncertainty of the future realization of the deferred tax assets.
As of December 31, 2006, the Company had net operating loss carry forwards of approximately $4,989,000, expiring through the year ending December 31, 2026. This amount can be used to offset future taxable income of the Company.
The timing and manner in which the Company can utilize operating loss carryfowards in any year may be limited by provisions of the Internal Revenue Code regarding changes in ownership of corporations. Such limitation may have an impact on the ultimate realization of its carryforwards and future tax deductions.
NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
Preferred Stock
Pursuant to our Company's Articles of Incorporation, our board of
directors is empowered, without stockholder approval, to issue series
of preferred stock with any designations, rights and preferences as
they may from time to time determine. The rights and preferences of
this preferred stock may be superior to the rights and preferences of
our common stock; consequently, preferred stock, if issued could have
dividend, liquidation, conversion, voting or other rights that could
adversely affect the voting power or other rights of the common stock.
Additionally, preferred stock, if issued, could be utilized, under
special circumstances, as a method of discouraging, delaying or
preventing a change in control of our business or a takeover from a
third party.
Common Stock
The stockholders' deficit at January 1, 2004 has been retroactively
restated for the equivalent number of shares received in the reverse
acquisition at July 14, 2004 (Note 1) after giving effect to the
difference in par value with the offset to additional paid-in-capital.
In April 2005, the Company issued 4,000,000 shares of its common stock in a private placement for proceeds of $1,000,000.
On May 4, 2005, the Company converted the notes payable of $499,000 into 3,118,750 shares of common stock at a conversion price of $0.16 per share. An unpaid note payable in the amount of $6,500 has been reflected as a subscription receivable.
During 2005, the Company issued 410,000 shares of common stock for professional services rendered valued at $1,169,500.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common Stock
During May 2005, the Company issued Stock Purchase Warrants to
purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.10
in exchange for consulting services. The warrants are exercisable
until May 2008 and vest as follows: 50,000 shares during the first
year of the agreement, 25,000 shares during the second year of the
agreement, and 25,000 shares during the third year. In accordance with
the fair value method, the Company used the Black-Scholes model to
calculate the grant-date fair value, with the following assumptions:
no dividend yield, expected volatility of 60%, risk-free interest rate
of 3.8% and expected life of option of three years. The fair market
value of the warrants was $113,250. In accordance with the fair value
method as described in accounting requirements of SFAS No. 123, the
Company recognized consulting expense of $37,000 in 2005.
During September 2005, the Company issued Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase 100,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $2.00 in exchange for consulting services. The warrants expire in September 2008 and vest as follows: 50,000 shares during the first year of the agreement, 25,000 shares during the second year of the agreement, and 25,000 shares during the third year of the agreement. In accordance with the fair value method, the Company used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the grant-date fair value, with the following assumptions: no dividend yield, expected volatility of 60%, risk-free interest rate of 3.8% and expected life of option of three years. The fair market value of the warrants was $145,100. In accordance with the fair value method as described in accounting requirements of SFAS No. 123, the Company recognized consulting expense of $24,200 in 2005.
On October 15, 2005, the Company issued Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase 30,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $1.40 in exchange for consulting services. The warrants expire in October 2006 and are exercisable immediately. In accordance with the fair value method, the Company used the Black-Scholes model to calculate the grant-date fair value, with the following assumptions: no dividend yield, expected volatility of 60%, risk-free interest rate of 4.15% and expected life of option of one year. The fair market value of the warrants was $15,900. In accordance with the fair value method as described in accounting requirements of SFAS No. 123, the Company recognized consulting expense of $15,900.
In December 2005, in conjunction with a consulting contract, the Company issued Stock Purchase Warrants to purchase 300,000 shares of common stock at an exercise price of $0.25 per share. The warrants expire in December 2007 and were exercisable immediately. In accordance with the fair value method, the Company used the Black- Scholes model to calculate the grant-date fair value, with the following assumptions: no dividend yield, expected volatility of 60%, risk-free interest rate of 4.41% and expected life of option of two years. In accordance with the fair value method as described in accounting requirements of SFAS No. 123, the Company recognized consulting expense of $235,660, and at December 31, 2005, the remaining balance in deferred charges amounted to $199,400 at December 31, 2005. The 300,000 warrants were fully exercised on December 31, 2005 for $75,000.
During 2006, the Company issued 785,000 shares of common stock for professional services rendered valued at $955,650.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 10 - STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (CONTINUED)
Common Stock
During 2006, the Company issued 850,000 shares of common stock and
425,000 warrants for proceeds of $425,000 in accordance to a private
placement memorandum amended December 18, 2006. Pursuant to the terms
of the amended offering, up to 20 units were offered at the offering
price of $50,000 per unit, with each unit comprise of 100,000 shares
and a warrant to purchase 50,000 shares of common stock at $0.50 per
shares. As of December 31, 2006, the 425,000 warrants are still
outstanding.
NOTE 11 - STOCK BASED COMPENSATION
In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued SFAS 123 (revised 2004), Share-Based Payment ("SFAS 123R"). SFAS 123(R) supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees, and amends SFAS No. 95, Statement of Cash Flows. Generally, the approach in SFAS 123(R) is similar to the approach described in SFAS 123. However, SFAS 123(R) requires share-based payments to employees, including grants of employee stock options, to be recognized in the income statement based on their fair values at the date of grant. Pro forma disclosure is no longer an alternative.
On January 1, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS 123(R) using the modified prospective method as permitted under SFAS 123(R). Under this transition method, compensation cost recognized in the first quarter of 2006 includes compensation cost for all share-based payments granted prior to but not yet vested as of December 31, 2005, based on the grant-date fair value estimated in accordance with the provisions of SFAS 123. In accordance with the modified prospective method of adoption, the Company's results of operations and financial position for prior periods have not been restated.
The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate
the grant-date fair value of an award, with the following assumptions:
no dividend yield, expected volatility of 186%, risk-free interest
rate between 3.8% and 5.1% and expected option life of two and ten
years.
During the year ending December 31, 2006, the Company's net income was approximately $91,599 lower as a result of stock-based compensation expense as a result of the adoption of SFAS 123(R). As of December 31, 2006, there was approximately $177,952 of unrecognized compensation expense related to non-vested market-based share awards that is expected to be recognized through February 2016.
Prior to December 31, 2005, the Company followed the provisions of SFAS No. 123, "Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation". The provisions of SFAS No. 123 allowed companies to either expense the estimated fair value of stock options or to continue to follow the intrinsic value method set forth in Accounting Principles Board Opinion No. 25, "Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees" ("APB 25"), but disclose the pro forma effects on net income had the fair value of the options been expensed. The Company elected to apply APB 25 in accounting for its stock option incentive plans.
In accordance with APB 25 and related interpretations, compensation expense for stock options was recognized in income based on the excess, if any, of the quoted market price of the stock at the grant date of the award or other measurement date over the amount an employee must pay to acquire the stock. Generally, the exercise price for stock options granted to employees was equal to the fair market value of the Company's common stock at the date of grant, thereby resulting in no recognition of compensation expense by the Company prior to December 31, 2005.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 11 - STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Had compensation cost for the Company's stock option plans been determined based on the fair value method set forth in SFAS No. 123 during the prior year, the Company's net income (loss) and basic and diluted net income (loss) per common share would have been changed to the pro forma amounts indicated below:
Year Ending December 31, 2005 Net loss: ----------------- As reported $1,721,765 Less: Total stock-based employee compensation expense determined under fair value based method method for all awards 24,247 ---------- Pro forma net loss $1,746,012 ========== Net loss per common share - basic and diluted: As reported $ 0.07 Pro forma $ 0.07 |
The following tables summarize all stock option activity of the Company since December 31, 2006:
Non-Qualified Stock Options Outstanding --------------------------------------- Weighted Average Number of Exercise Exercise Shares Price Price --------- ------------- --------- Outstanding December 31,2004 - $ - $ - Granted 680,000 $0.25 - $2.10 $ 0.99 Exercised (300,000) $ 0.25 $ 0.25 --------- ------------- --------- Outstanding, December 31, 2005 380,000 $1.40 - $2.10 $ 0.68 Granted 1,000,000 $0.25 - $1.00 $ 0.70 Cancelled (260,000) $1.40 - $2.10 $ (0.48) Expired (70,000) $1.40 - $2.00 $ (0.12) --------- ------------- --------- Outstanding, December 31, 2006 1,050,000 $0.25 - $2.00 $ 0.83 Exercisable, December 31, 2006 853,000 $0.25 - $2.00 $ 0.77 |
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 11 - STOCK BASED COMPENSATION (CONTINUED)
Non-Qualified Stock Options Outstanding ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Number Outstanding Weighted Average Weighted Average Rance of Currently Exercisable Remaining Exercise Price of Options Exercise Prices at December 31, 2006 Contractual Life Currently Exercisable --------------- -------------------- ---------------- ------------------------- $0.25 - $2.00 853,000 6.22 years $0.77 |
Stock Options
During 2005, the Board of Directors ("Board") of the Company adopted a
Stock Option Plan (the "Plan") and reserved 1,000,000 shares of common
stock for issuance under the Plan. The Plan is intended to permit
stock options granted to employees under the Plan to qualify as
incentive stock options under Section 422 of the Internal Revenue Code
of 1986, as amended ("Incentive Stock Options"). All options granted
under the Plan, which are not intended to qualify as Incentive Stock
Options, are deemed to be non-qualified options ("Non-Statutory Stock
Options").
NOTE 12 - CONTINGENCY
During 2005, the Company raised $1,000,000 through the sale of 4,000,000 shares of common stock in a limited offering to persons believed to be accredited investors. The Company received a legal opinion from third party outside counsel as to the availability of an exemption from registration with the SEC with respect to the limited offering. In December 2005, the Company was informed by the SEC that it is investigating the circumstances surrounding the $1,000,000 offering including the subsequent public resale of certain shares originally sold in the offering, along with related matters. The Company has further been informed that the original issuance of the stock and subsequent resale may have been done, in the opinion of the SEC, in violation of the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. These matters could lead to enforcement action by the SEC. The Company's management is committed to cooperate fully with the SEC.
NOTE 13 - RELATED PARTY
The Company has available-for-sale securities of a related party (Footnote 4). The information is summarized below and is recorded on the balance sheet as "Available-for-sale securities". The unrealized loss on this investment is included on the Statement of Other Comprehensive Income.
Number Market Unrealized of Shares Cost Value Loss --------- --------- ---------- ---------- Related party 43,900 $87,800 $59,265 $(28,535) |
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
(FORMERLY PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.)
(A Development Stage Company)
NOTES TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
DECEMBER 31, 2006 AND 2005
NOTE 13 - RELATED PARTY (CONTINUED)
Under the management agreement dated August 1, 2005, the related party was issued 200,000 shares of common stock with a fair value of $584,000 which is being amortized over the term of the agreement (one year). The expense for the years ending December 31, 2006 and 2005 was $318,545 and $265,455.
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company has accounts payable to a related party of $65,339 and $-0-.
At December 31, 2006 and 2005, the Company has an officer loan payable of $1,468 and $1,468.
NOTE 14 - SUBSEQUENT EVENTS
Through March 23, 2007, the Company issued 1,148,000 shares of its common stock and 574,000 warrants for proceeds of $574,000.
In February 2007, the Company issued 1,151,785 shares of its common stock for consulting services valued at $686,250.
PART III
Item 1. Index to Exhibits.
Exhibit No. Description of Exhibit (2) Charter and Bylaws. 2.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation. 2.2 Bylaws. (3) Instruments defining the rights of security holders. 3.1 Restated Articles of Incorporation.* 3.2 Bylaws.* (10) Material Contracts. 10.1 Facility Lease 10.2 Genova Letter Agreement 10.3 Photon X, LLC Memorandum of Understanding 10.4 Triple Play Communications Corporation Agreement 10.5 Universal Capital Management, Inc. Agreement 10.6 2005 Stock Option Plan |
* Incorporated by reference to Exhibit (2) herein.
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 12 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this registration statement to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, hereunto duly authorized.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Date: April 13, 2007 By: /s/Frederick J. Goetz, Jr. -------------------------------- Frederick J. Goetz, Jr., President |
[EXHIBIT 2.1]
RESTATED ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION
OF
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
Pursuant to Nevada Revised Statutes Section 78.403, the undersigned officer of Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc. does hereby declare and certify that:
1. He constitutes the duly elected and acting Secretary of the corporation, which is duly organized and existing under the laws of the State of Nevada.
2. He has been authorized to sign and to file these Restated Articles of Incorporation with the Secretary of State pursuant to a resolution of the board of directors adopted on January 9, 2007.
3. The original Articles of Incorporation of the corporation were filed with the Secretary of State on June 24, 1997, and subsequently amended on, July 14, 2004, May 3, 2005, and October 10, 2006.
4. These Restated Articles of Incorporation correctly sets forth the text of the Articles of Incorporation, as amended, to the date of the hereof.
5. The Articles of Incorporation of the corporation are hereby restated in their entirety as follows:
The name of the corporation is Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
The duration of the corporation is perpetual.
The purpose or purposes for which this corporation is organized are:
(a) To engage in the specific business of marketing
Internet services, and conduct related business, and
to engage in any other lawful acts, activities and
pursuits for which a corporation may be organized
under Nevada law. Also, to acquire, develop, explore
and otherwise deal in and with all kinds of real and
personal property and all related activities, and for
any and all other lawful purposes.
(b) To acquire by purchase, exchange, gift, bequest,
subscription, or otherwise; and to hold, own, mortgage,
pledge, hypothecate, sell, assign, transfer, exchange, or
otherwise dispose of or deal in or with its own corporate
securities or stock or other securities including, without
limitations, any shares of stock, bonds, debentures, notes,
mortgages, or other obligations, and any certificates, receipts
or other instruments representing rights or interests therein
on any property or assets created or issued by any person,
firm, associate, or corporation, or instrumentalities thereof;
to make payment therefor in any lawful manner or to issue in
exchange therefor its unreserved earned surplus for the purchase
of its own shares, and to exercise as owner or holder of any
securities, any and all rights, powers, and privileges in
respect thereof.
(c) To do each and everything necessary, suitable, or proper for the
accomplishment of any of the purposes or the attainment of any
one or more of the subjects herein enumerated, or which may, at
any time, appear conducive to or expedient for the protection
or benefit of this corporation, and to do said acts as fully
and to the same extent as natural persons might, or could do in
any part of the world as principals, agents, partners, trustees,
or otherwise, either alone or in conjunction with any other
person, association, or corporation.
(d) The foregoing clauses shall be construed both as purposes and
powers and shall not be held to limit or restrict in any manner
the general powers of the corporation, and the enjoyment and
exercise thereof, as conferred by the laws of the state of
Nevada; and it is the intention that the purposes and powers
specified in each of the paragraphs of this Article III shall
be regarded as independent purposes and powers.
The aggregate number of shares which this corporation shall have authority to issue is 50,000,000 shares of Common Stock having a par value of $0.001 per share and 1,000,000 shares of Preferred Stock having a par value of $0.001 per share. All Common Stock of the corporation shall be of the same class, and shall have the same rights and preferences. The corporation shall have authority to issue the shares of Preferred Stock in one or more series with such rights, preferences and designations as determined by the Board of Directors of the corporation. Fully-paid stock of this corporation shall not be liable to any further call or assessment.
These Restated Articles of Incorporation may be amended by the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares entitled to vote on each such amendment.
The authorized but unissued stock of this corporation may be issued at such time, upon such terms and conditions and for such consideration as the Board of Directors shall determine. Shareholders shall not have pre-emptive rights to acquire unissued shares of the stock of this corporation.
The directors are hereby given the authority to do any act on behalf of the corporation by law and in each instance where the Business Corporation Act provides that the directors may act in certain instances where the articles of incorporation
authorize such action by the directors, the directors are hereby given authority to act in such instances without specifically numerating such potential action or instance herein.
The directors are specifically given the authority to mortgage or pledge any or all assets of the business without stockholders' approval.
No contract or other transaction between this corporation and any one or more of its directors or officers or any other corporation, firm, association, or entity in which one or more of its directors or officers are financially interested, shall be either void or voidable because of such relationship or interest, or because such person is present at the meeting of the Board of Directors, or a committee thereof, which authorizes, approves, or ratifies such contract or transaction, or because his or their votes are counted for such purpose if: (a) the fact of such relationship or interest is disclosed or known to the Board of Directors or committee which authorizes, approves, or ratifies the contract or transaction in good faith by vote or consent sufficient for the purpose without counting the votes or consents of such interested director; or (b) the fact of such relationship or interest is disclosed or known to the stockholders entitled to vote and they authorize, approve, or ratify such contract or transaction by vote or written consent, (c) the fact of the common directorship, office or financial interest is not disclosed or known to the director or officer at the time of the transaction is brought before the Board of Directors of the corporation for action; or (d) the contract or transaction is fair and reasonable to the corporation at the time it is approved.
Common or interested directors may be counted in determining the presence of a quorum at a meeting of the Board of Directors or committee thereof which authorizes, approves, or ratifies such contract or transaction.
No director of officer shall be personally liable to the
corporation or its stockholders for monetary damages for any
breach of fiduciary duty by such person as a director or officer.
Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, a director or officer
shall be liable to the extent provided by applicable law, (i) for
acts or omissions which involve intentional misconduct, fraud or
a knowing violation of law, or (ii) for the payment of dividends
in violation of NRS 78.300.
The provisions hereof shall not apply to or have any effect
on the liability or alleged liability of any officer or director
of the corporation for or with respect to any acts or omissions
of such person occurring prior to such amendment.
The undersigned has hereunto executed these Restated Articles of Incorporation as of the _16_ day of January 2007.
By:/s/ Andrew Ashton ------------------------- Andrew Ashton, Secretary |
[EXHIBIT 2.2]
BYLAWS
OF
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC.
SECTION 1
OFFICES
The principal office of Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation (the "Corporation") shall be located at the principal place of business or such other place as the board of directors may designate. The Corporation may have such other offices, either within or without the State of Nevada, as the board of directors may designate or as the business of the Corporation may require from time to time.
SECTION 2
SHAREHOLDERS
2.1 Annual Meeting
The annual meeting of the shareholders shall be held the first day of March in each year, or on such other day as shall be fixed by resolution of the board of directors, at the principal office of the Corporation, or such other place as fixed by the board of directors, for the purpose of electing directors and transacting such other business as may properly come before that meeting. If the day fixed for the annual meeting is a legal holiday at the place of that meeting, that meeting shall be held on the next succeeding business day.
2.2 Special Meetings
The board of directors, the President, or the Chair of the Board of Directors, may call special meetings of the shareholders for any purpose. The holders of not less than ten percent (10%) of all the outstanding shares of the Corporation entitled to vote for or against any issue proposed to be considered at the proposed special meeting, if they date, sign and deliver to the Corporation's Secretary a written demand for a special meeting specifying the purpose or purposes for which it is to be held, may call a special meeting of the shareholders for such specified purpose.
2.3 Place of Meeting
All meetings shall be held at the principal office of the Corporation, or at such other place as designated by the board of directors, by any persons entitled to call a meeting pursuant to the bylaws, or in a waiver of notice signed by all of the shareholders entitled to vote at that meeting.
2.4 Notice of Meeting
(a) The Corporation shall cause to be delivered to each shareholder entitled to notice of, or to vote at, an annual or special meeting of shareholders, either personally or by mail, not less than ten (10) days nor more than sixty (60) days before that meeting, written notice stating the date, time and place of that meeting and, in the case of a special meeting, the purpose or purposes for which that meeting is called.
(b) Notice to a shareholder of an annual or special shareholders meeting shall be in writing. Such notice, if in comprehensible form, is effective (a) when mailed, if it is mailed postpaid and is correctly addressed to that shareholder's address specified in the Corporation's then current record of shareholders, or (b) when received by that shareholder, if it is delivered by telegraph, facsimile transmission or private courier.
(c) If an annual or special shareholders meeting is adjourned to a different date, time, or place, notice of the new date, time, or place shall not be required if the new date, time, or place is announced at that meeting before adjournment, unless a new record date for the adjourned meeting is, or must be, fixed pursuant to (i) Section 2.6(a) of these bylaws or (ii) the Nevada General Corporation Law.
2.5 Waiver of Notice
(a) Whenever any notice is required to be given to any shareholder pursuant to the provisions of these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Nevada General Corporation Law, a waiver thereof in writing, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, whether before or after the time specified in such notice, and delivered to the Corporation for inclusion in the minutes for filing with the corporate records, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.
(b) The attendance of a shareholder at a meeting shall be a waiver of each objection to lack of, or defect in, notice of such meeting or of consideration of a particular matter at that meeting, unless that shareholder, at the beginning of that meeting or prior to consideration of such matter, objects to holding that meeting, transacting business at that meeting, or considering the matter when presented at that meeting.
2.6 Fixing of Record Date for Determining Shareholders
(a) For the purpose of determining shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, any meeting of shareholders, or any adjournment thereof, or shareholders entitled to receive payment of any dividend, or to make a determination of shareholders for any other purpose, the board of directors may fix in advance a date as the record date for any such determination. Such record date shall be not more than seventy (70) days, and in case of a meeting of shareholders, not less than ten (10) days, prior to the date on which the particular action requiring such determination is to be taken. If no record date is fixed for the determination of shareholders entitled to notice of, or to vote at, a meeting, or to receive payment of a dividend, the date on
which the notice of meeting is mailed or on which the resolution of the board of directors declaring such dividend is adopted, as the case may be, shall be the record date for such determination. Such determination shall apply to any adjournment of that meeting; provided, however, such adjournment is not set for a date more than one hundred twenty (120) days after the date fixed for the original meeting.
(b) The record date for the determination of shareholders entitled to demand a special shareholders meeting shall be the date the first shareholder signs the demand.
2.7 Shareholders' List
(a) Beginning two (2) business days after notice of a meeting of shareholders is given, a complete alphabetical list of the shareholders entitled to notice of that meeting shall be made, arranged by voting group, and within each voting group by class or series, with the address of and number of shares held by each shareholder. Such record shall be kept on file at the Corporation's principal office or at a place identified in that meeting notice in the city where the meeting will be held. On written demand, such record shall be subject to inspection by any shareholder at any time during normal business hours. Such record shall also be kept open at that meeting for inspection by any shareholder.
(b) A shareholder may, on written demand, copy the shareholders' list at such shareholder's expense during regular business hours; provided, however, that:
(i) Such shareholder's demand is made in good faith and for another purpose;
(ii) Such shareholder has described with reasonable particularity such shareholder's purpose specified in the written demand; and
(iii) The shareholders' list is directly related to such shareholder's purpose.
2.8 Quorum
A majority of the votes entitled to be cast on a matter at a meeting by a voting group, represented in person or by proxy, shall constitute a quorum of that voting group for action on that matter at a meeting of the shareholders. If a quorum is not present for a matter to be acted upon, a majority of the shares represented at that meeting may adjourn that meeting from time to time without additional notice. If the necessary quorum is present or represented at a reconvened meeting following such an adjournment, any business may be transacted that might have been transacted at the meeting as originally called. The shareholders present at a duly organized meeting may continue to transact business until adjournment, notwithstanding the withdrawal of enough shareholders to leave less than a quorum.
2.9 Manner of Acting
(a) If a quorum exists, action on a matter (other than the election of directors) by a voting group is approved if the votes cast within the voting group favoring the action exceed the votes cast opposing the action, unless the affirmative vote of a greater number is required by these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Nevada General Corporation Law.
(b) If a matter is to be voted on by a single group, action on that matter is taken when voted upon by that voting group. If a matter is to be voted on by two (2) or more voting groups, action on that matter is taken only when voted upon by each of those voting groups counted separately. One voting group on a matter may take action even though another voting group entitled to vote on such matter takes no action.
2.10 Proxies
A shareholder may vote by proxy executed in writing by that shareholder or by his or her attorney-in-fact. Such proxy shall be effective when received by the Secretary or other officer or agent authorized to tabulate votes at the meeting. A proxy shall become invalid eleven (11) months after the date of its execution, unless otherwise expressly provided in the proxy. A proxy for a specified meeting shall entitle the holder thereof to vote at any adjournment of that meeting, but shall not be valid after the final adjournment thereof.
2.11 Voting of Shares
Each outstanding share entitled to vote shall be entitled to one vote upon each matter submitted to a vote at a meeting of shareholders.
2.12 Voting for Directors
Each shareholder may vote, in person or by proxy, the number of shares owned by such shareholder that are entitled to vote at an election of directors, for as many persons as there are directors to be elected and for whose election such shares have a right to vote. Unless otherwise provided in the Articles of Incorporation, directors are elected by a plurality of the votes cast by shares entitled to vote in the election at a meeting at which a quorum is present.
2.13 Voting of Shares by Corporations
2.13.1 Shares Held by Another Corporation
Shares standing in the name of another corporation may be voted by such officer, agent or proxy as the bylaws of such other corporation may prescribe, or, in the absence of such provision, as the board of directors of such corporation may determine; provided, however, such shares are not entitled to vote if the Corporation owns, directly
or indirectly, a majority of the shares entitled to vote for directors of such other corporation.
2.13.2 Shares Held by the Corporation
Authorized but unissued shares shall not be voted or counted for determining whether a quorum exists at any meeting or counted in determining the total number of outstanding shares at any given time. Notwithstanding the foregoing, shares of its own stock held by the Corporation in a fiduciary capacity may be counted for purposes of determining whether a quorum exists, and may be voted by the Corporation.
2.14 Acceptance or Rejection of Shareholder Votes, Consents, Waivers and Proxy Appointments
2.14.1 Documents Bearing Name of Shareholders
If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver or proxy appointment corresponds to the name of a shareholder, the Secretary or other agent authorized to tabulate votes at the meeting may, if acting in good faith, accept such vote, consent, waiver or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder.
2.14.2 Documents Bearing Name of Third Parties
If the name signed on a vote, consent, waiver or proxy appointment does not correspond to the name of its shareholder, the Secretary or other agent authorized to tabulate votes at the meeting may nevertheless, if acting in good faith, accept such vote, consent, waiver or proxy appointment and give it effect as the act of the shareholder if:
(a) The shareholder is an entity and the name signed purports to be that of an officer or an agent of that entity;
(b) The name signed purports to be that of an administrator, executor, guardian or conservator representing the shareholder and, if the Secretary or other agent requests, acceptable evidence of fiduciary status has been presented;
(c) The name signed purports to be that of a receiver or trustee in bankruptcy of the shareholder, and, if the Secretary or other agent requests, acceptable evidence of this status has been presented;
(d) The name signed purports to be that of a pledgee, beneficial owner or attorney-in-fact of the shareholder and, if the Secretary or other agent
requests, acceptable evidence of the signatory's authority to sign has been presented; or
(e) Two or more persons are the shareholder as co- owners or fiduciaries and the name signed purports to be the name of at least one of the co-owners and the person signing appears to be acting on behalf of all co-owners.
2.14.3 Rejection of Documents
The Secretary or other agent authorized to tabulate votes at the meeting is entitled to reject a vote, consent, waiver or proxy appointment if such agent, acting in good faith, has reasonable basis for doubt about the validity of the signature on it or about the signatory's authority to sign for the shareholder.
2.15 Action by Shareholders Without a Meeting
Any action required or permitted by law, these bylaws, or
the Articles of Incorporation of the Corporation to be taken at
any annual or special meeting of stockholders may be taken
without a meeting if, before or after the action, a written
consent thereto is signed by stockholders holding at least a
majority of the voting power, except that if a different
proportion of voting power is required for such an action at a
meeting, then that proportion of written consents is required.
In no instance where action is authorized by written consent
need a meeting of stockholders be called or notice given. Such
written consent shall be inserted in the minute book as if it
were the minutes of an annual or special meeting of shareholders.
SECTION 3
BOARD OF DIRECTORS
3.1 General Powers
The board of directors shall manage the business and affairs of the Corporation, except as may be otherwise provided in these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Nevada General Corporation Law.
3.2 Number, Tenure and Qualifications
The board of directors shall consist of no less than one (1) and no more than fifteen (15) Directors, the specific number to be set by resolution of the board of directors. The number of directors may be changed from time to time by amendment to these bylaws, but no decrease in the number of directors shall shorten the term of any incumbent director. The terms of the directors expire at the next annual shareholder's meeting following their election. Despite the expiration of a director's term, however, the director shall continue to serve until such director's successor is elected and qualifies or until there is a decrease in the number of directors. Directors need not be shareholders of the Corporation or residents of the State of Nevada.
3.3 Annual and Regular Meetings
An annual meeting of the board of directors shall be held without additional notice immediately after and at the same place as the annual meeting of shareholders.
By resolution the board of directors, or any committee thereof, may specify the time and place for holding regular meetings thereof without other notice than such resolution.
3.4 Special Meetings
Special meetings of the board of directors or any committee designated by the board of directors may be called by or at the request of the Chair of the Board of Directors, or the President or any director and, in the case of any special meeting of any committee designated by the board of directors, by the Chair thereof. The person or persons authorized to call special meetings may fix any place either within or without the State of Nevada as the place for holding any special board of directors or committee meeting called by them.
3.5 Meetings by Telecommunications
Members of the board of directors or any committee designated by the board of directors may participate in a meeting of the board of directors or such committee by use of any means of telecommunications equipment pursuant to which all persons participating may simultaneously hear each other during such meeting. Participation by such method shall be deemed presence in person at such meeting.
3.6 Notice of Special Meetings
Notice of a special board of directors or committee meeting specifying the date, time and place of such meeting shall be given to a director in writing or orally by telephone or in person as specified below. Neither the business to be transacted at, nor the purpose of, any special meeting need be specified in the notice of such meeting.
3.6.1 Personal Delivery
If delivery is by personal service, the notice shall be effective if delivered at the address specified on the records of the Corporation at least two days before the meeting.
3.6.2 Delivery by Mail
If notice is delivered by mail, the notice shall be deemed effective if deposited in the official government mail at least five (5) days before the meeting properly addressed to a director at his or her address specified on the records of the Corporation with postage prepaid.
3.6.3 Delivery by Telegraph
If notice is delivered by telegraph, the notice shall be deemed effective if the content thereof is delivered to the telegraph company by such time that the telegraph company guarantees delivery at least two days before the meeting.
3.6.4 Oral Notice
If notice is delivered orally, by telephone or in person, the notice shall be effective if personally given to a director at least two days before the meeting.
3.6.5 Notice by Facsimile Transmission
If notice is delivered by facsimile transmission, the notice shall be deemed effective if the content thereof is transmitted to the office of a director, at the facsimile number specified on the records of the Corporation, at least two days before the meeting, and receipt is either confirmed by confirming transmission equipment or acknowledged by the receiving office.
3.6.6 Notice by Private Courier
If notice is delivered by private courier, the notice shall be deemed effective if delivered to the courier, properly addressed and prepaid, by such time that the courier guarantees delivery at least two days before the meeting.
3.7 Waiver of Notice
3.7.1 Written Waiver
Whenever any notice is required to be given to any director pursuant to the provisions of these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Nevada General Corporation Law, a waiver thereof in writing, executed at any time, specifying the meeting for which notice is waived, signed by the person or persons entitled to such notice, and filed with the minutes or corporate records, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice.
3.7.2 Waiver by Attendance
The attendance of a director at a board of directors or committee meeting shall constitute a waiver of notice of such meeting, unless such director, at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon such director's arrival, objects to holding the meeting or transacting any business at the meeting and does not thereafter vote for or assent to action taken at the meeting.
3.8 Quorum
A majority of the number of directors determined by or in the manner provided by these bylaws shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any board of directors meeting.
3.9 Manner of Acting
The act of the majority of the directors present at a board of directors or committee meeting at which there is a quorum shall be the act of the board of directors or committee, unless the vote of a greater number is required by these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation or the Nevada General Corporation Law.
3.10 Presumption of Assent
A director of the Corporation present at a board of directors or committee meeting at which action on any corporate matter is taken shall be deemed to have assented to the action taken unless such director objects at the beginning of the meeting, or promptly upon such director's arrival, to holding the meeting or transacting business at the meeting; or such director's dissent is entered in the minutes of the meeting; or such director delivers a written notice of dissent or abstention to such action with the presiding officer of the meeting before the adjournment thereof; or such director forwards such notice by registered mail to the Secretary of the Corporation immediately after the adjournment of the meeting. A director who voted in favor of such action may not thereafter dissent or abstain.
3.11 Action by Board of Directors or Committee Without a Meeting
Any action that could be taken at a meeting of the board of directors or of any committee appointed by the board of directors may be taken without a meeting, if a written consent setting forth the action so taken is signed by each Director or by each committee member. The action shall be effective when the last signature is placed on the consent, unless the consent specifies an earlier or later date. Such written consent, which shall have the same effect as a unanimous vote of the directors or such committee, shall be inserted in the minute book as if it were the minutes of a board of directors or committee meeting.
3.12 Resignation
Any director may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the Chair of the Board of Directors, the board of directors, or to the registered office of the Corporation. Such resignation shall take effect at the time specified in the notice, or if no time is specified, upon delivery. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Once delivered, a notice of resignation is irrevocable unless the board of directors permits revocation.
3.13 Removal
One or more members of the board of directors (including the entire board of directors) may be removed at a meeting of shareholders called expressly for that purpose, provided that the notice of such meeting states that the purpose, or one of the purposes, of the meeting is such removal. A member of the board of directors may be removed with or without cause, unless the Articles of Incorporation permit removal for cause only, by a vote of the holders of a majority of the shares then entitled to vote on the election of the director. A director may be removed only if the number of votes cast to remove the director exceeds the number of votes cast to not remove the director. If a director is elected by a voting group of shareholders, only the shareholders of that voting group may participate in the vote to remove such director.
3.14 Vacancies
Any vacancy occurring on the board of directors, including a vacancy resulting from an increase in the number of directors, may be filled by the shareholders, by the board of directors, by the affirmative vote of a majority of the remaining directors though less than a quorum of the board of directors, or by a sole remaining director. A director elected to fill a vacancy shall be elected for the unexpired term of his or her predecessor in office; except that the term of a director elected by the board of directors to fill a vacancy expires at the next shareholders' meeting at which directors are elected. Any directorship to be filled by reason of an increase in the number of directors may be filled by the affirmative vote of a majority of the number of directors fixed by the bylaws prior to such increase for a term of office continuing only until the next election of directors by the shareholders. Any directorship not so filled by the directors shall be filled by election at the next annual meeting of shareholders or at a special meeting of shareholders called for that purpose. If the vacant directorship is filled by the shareholders and was held by a director elected by a voting group of shareholders, then only the holders of shares of that voting group are entitled to vote to fill such vacancy. A vacancy that will occur at a specific later date by reason of a resignation effective at such later date or otherwise may be filled before the vacancy occurs, but the new director may not take office until the vacancy occurs.
3.15 Minutes
The board of directors shall keep minutes of its meetings and shall cause them to be recorded in books kept for that purpose.
3.16 Executive and Other Committees
3.16.1 Creation of Committees
The board of directors, by resolution adopted by a majority of the number of Directors fixed in the manner provided by these bylaws, may appoint standing or temporary committees, including an Executive Committee, from its own
number. The board of directors may invest such committee(s) with such powers as it may see fit, subject to such conditions as may be prescribed by the board of directors, these bylaws, the Articles of Incorporation and the Nevada General Corporation Law.
3.16.2 Authority of Committees
Each committee shall have and may exercise all of the authority of the board of directors to the extent provided in the resolution of the board of directors designating the committee and any subsequent resolutions pertaining thereto and adopted in like manner, except that no such committee shall have the authority to (a) authorize distributions, except as may be permitted by Section 3.16.2 (g) of these bylaws; (b) approve or propose to shareholders actions required by the Nevada General Corporation Law to be approved by shareholders; (c) fill vacancies on the board of directors or any committee thereof; (d) adopt, amend or repeal these bylaws; (e) amend the Certificate of Incorporation; (f) approve a plan of merger not requiring shareholder approval; or (g) authorize or approve reacquisition of shares, except within limits prescribed by the board of directors.
3.16.3 Quorum and Manner of Acting
A majority of the number of Directors composing any committee of the board of directors, as established and fixed by resolution of the board of directors, shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of such committee.
3.16.4 Minutes of Meetings
All committees so appointed shall keep regular minutes of their meetings and shall cause them to be recorded in books kept for that purpose.
3.16.5 Resignation
Any member of any committee may resign at any time by delivering written notice thereof to the board of directors, the Chair of the Board of Directors or the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified in the notice, or if no time is specified, upon delivery. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Once delivered, a notice of resignation is irrevocable unless revocation is permitted by the board of directors.
3.16.6 Removal
The board of directors may remove from office any member of any committee elected or appointed by it, but only by the affirmative vote of not less than a majority of the
number of directors fixed by or in the manner provided by these bylaws.
3.17 Compensation
By board of director resolution, directors and committee members may be paid their expenses, if any, of attendance at each board of directors or committee meeting, or a fixed sum for attendance at each board of directors or committee meeting, or a stated salary as director or a committee member, or a combination of the foregoing. No such payment shall preclude any director or committee member from serving the Corporation in any other capacity and receiving compensation therefor.
SECTION 4
OFFICERS
4.1 Number
The Officers of the Corporation shall be a President and a Secretary, each of whom shall be appointed by the board of directors. One or more Vice Presidents, a Treasurer and such other Officers and assistant Officers, including a Chair of the Board of Directors, may be appointed by the board of directors; such officers and assistant officers to hold office for such period, have such authority and perform such duties as are provided in these bylaws or as may be provided by resolution of the board of directors. The board of directors may assign any Officer any additional title that the board of directors deems appropriate. The board of directors may delegate to any officer or agent the power to appoint any such subordinate officers or agents and to prescribe their respective terms of office, authority and duties. The same person may hold any two or more offices.
4.2 Appointment and Term of Office
The officers of the Corporation shall be appointed annually by the board of directors at the board of directors meeting held after the annual meeting of the shareholders. If the appointment of officers is not made at such meeting, such appointment shall be made as soon thereafter as a board of directors meeting conveniently may be held. Unless an officer dies, resigns, or is removed from office, he or she shall hold office until the next annual meeting of the board of directors or until his or her successor is appointed.
4.3 Resignation
Any officer may resign at any time by delivering written notice to the Corporation. Any such resignation shall take effect at the time specified in the notice, or if no time is specified, upon delivery. Unless otherwise specified therein, the acceptance
of such resignation shall not be necessary to make it effective. Once delivered, a notice of resignation is irrevocable unless the board of directors permits revocation.
4.4 Removal
The board of directors, with or without cause, may remove any officer or agent appointed by the board of directors but such removal shall be without prejudice to the contract rights, if any, of the person so removed. Appointment of an officer or agent shall not of itself create contract rights.
4.5 Vacancies
A vacancy in any office because of death, resignation, removal, disqualification, creation of a new office or any other cause may be filled by the board of directors for the unexpired portion of the term, or for a new term established by the board of directors. If a resignation is made effective at a later date, and the Corporation accepts such future effective date, the board of directors may fill the pending vacancy before the effective date, if the board of directors provides that the successor does not take office until the effective date.
4.6 Chair of the Board of Directors
If appointed, the Chair of the Board of Directors shall perform such duties as shall be assigned to him or her by the board of directors from time to time and shall preside over meetings of the board of directors and shareholders unless another officer is appointed or designated by the board of directors as Chair of such meeting.
4.7 President
The President shall be the chief executive officer of the Corporation unless some other Officer is so designated by the board of directors, shall preside over meetings of the board of directors and shareholders in the absence of a Chair of the Board of Directors and, subject to the board of directors' control, shall supervise and control all of the assets, business and affairs of the Corporation. The President shall have authority to sign deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts, or other instruments, except when the signing and execution thereof have been expressly delegated by the board of directors or by these bylaws to some other officer or agent of the Corporation, or are required by law to be otherwise signed or executed by some other officer or in some other manner. In general, the President shall perform all duties incident to the office of President and such other duties as are prescribed by the board of directors from time to time.
4.8 Vice President
In the event of the death of the President or his or her inability to act, the Vice President (or if there is more than one Vice President, the Vice President who was designated by the board of directors as the successor to the President, or if no
Vice President is so designated, the Vice President first appointed to such office) shall perform the duties of the President, except as may be limited by resolution of the board of directors, with all the powers of and subject to all the restrictions upon the President. Vice Presidents shall have, to the extent authorized by the President or the board of directors, the same powers as the President to sign deeds, mortgages, bonds, contracts or other instruments. Vice Presidents shall perform such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to them by the President or by the board of directors.
4.9 Secretary
The Secretary shall (a) prepare and keep the minutes of meetings of the shareholders and the board of directors in one or more books provided for that purpose; (b) see that all notices are duly given in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws or as required by law; (c) be responsible for custody of the corporate records and seal of the corporation; (d) keep registers of the post office address of each shareholder and Director; (e) have general charge of the stock transfer books of the Corporation; and (f) in general perform all duties incident to the office of Secretary and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the President or by the board of directors. In the absence of the Secretary, an Assistant Secretary may perform the duties of the Secretary.
4.10 Treasurer
The Treasurer shall be the chief financial officer of the Corporation unless some other Officer is so designated by the board of directors. If required by the board of directors, the Treasurer shall give a bond for the faithful discharge of his or her duties in such amount and with such surety or sureties as the board of directors shall determine. The Treasurer shall have charge and custody of and be responsible for all funds and securities of the Corporation; receive and give receipts for moneys due and payable to the Corporation from any source whatsoever, and deposit all such moneys in the name of the Corporation in banks, trust companies or other depositories selected in accordance with the provisions of these bylaws; and in general perform all of the duties incident to the office of Treasurer and such other duties as from time to time may be assigned to him or her by the President or by the board of directors. In the absence of the Treasurer, an Assistant Treasurer may perform the duties of the Treasurer.
4.11 Salaries
The board of directors shall fix the salaries of the Officers from time to time or by any person or persons to whom the board of directors has delegated such authority. No officer shall be prevented from receiving such salary by reason of the fact that he or she is also a Director of the Corporation.
SECTION 5
CONTRACTS, LOANS, CHECKS AND DEPOSITS
5.1 Contracts
The board of directors may authorize any Officer or Officers, or agent or agents, to enter into any contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Corporation. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
5.2 Loans to the Corporation
No loans shall be contracted on behalf of the Corporation and no evidences of indebtedness shall be issued in its name unless authorized by a resolution of the board of directors. Such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.
5.3 Loans to Directors and Officers
The Corporation shall not lend money to or guarantee the obligation of any Director or Officer.
5.4 Checks, Drafts, Etc.
All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes or other evidences of indebtedness issued in the name of the Corporation shall be signed by such officer or officers, or agent or agents, of the Corporation and in such manner as is from time to time determined by resolution of the board of directors.
5.5 Deposits
All funds of the Corporation not otherwise employed shall be deposited from time to time to the credit of the Corporation in such banks, trust companies or other depositories as the board of directors may select.
SECTION 6
CERTIFICATES FOR SHARES AND THEIR TRANSFER
6.1 Issuance of Shares
No shares of the Corporation shall be issued unless authorized by the board of directors, which authorization shall include the maximum number of shares to be issued and the consideration to be received for each share. Before the Corporation issues shares, the board of directors shall determine that the consideration received or to be received for such shares is adequate. Such determination by the board of directors shall be conclusive insofar as the adequacy of consideration for the issuance of shares relates to whether the shares are validly issued, fully paid and nonassessable.
6.2 Escrow for Shares
The board of directors may authorize the placement in escrow of shares issued for a contract for future services or benefits or a promissory note, or may authorize other arrangements to restrict the transfer of shares, and may authorize the crediting of distributions in respect of such shares against their purchase price, until the services are performed, the note is paid or the benefits received. If the services are not performed, the note is not paid, or the benefits are not received, the board of directors may cancel, in whole or in part, such shares placed in escrow or restricted and such distributions credited.
6.3 Certificates for Shares
Certificates representing shares of the Corporation shall be in such form as shall be determined by the board of directors. Such certificates shall be signed by any two of the following officers: the Chair of the Board of Directors, the President, any Vice President, the Treasurer, the Secretary or any Assistant Secretary. Any or all of the signatures on a certificate may be facsimiles if the certificate is manually signed on behalf of a transfer agent or a registrar other than the Corporation itself or an employee of the Corporation. All certificates shall be consecutively numbered or otherwise identified.
6.4 Stock Records
The stock transfer books shall be kept at the registered office or principal place of business of the Corporation or at the office of the Corporation's transfer agent or registrar. The name and address of each person to whom certificates for shares are issued, together with the class and number of shares represented by each such certificate and the date of issue thereof, shall be entered on the stock transfer books of the Corporation. The person in whose name shares stand on the books of the Corporation shall be deemed by the Corporation to be the owner thereof for all purposes.
6.5 Restriction on Transfer
6.5.1 Securities Laws
Except to the extent that the Corporation has obtained an opinion of counsel acceptable to the Corporation that transfer restrictions are not required under applicable securities laws, or has otherwise satisfied itself that such transfer restrictions are not required, all certificates representing shares of the Corporation shall bear conspicuously on the front or back of the certificate a legend or legends describing the restriction or restrictions.
6.5.2 Other Restrictions
In addition, the front or back of all certificates shall include conspicuous written notice of any further restrictions that may be imposed on the transferability of such shares.
6.6 Transfer of Shares
Transfer of shares of the Corporation shall be made only on the stock transfer books of the Corporation pursuant to authorization or document of transfer made by the holder of record thereof or by his or her legal representative, who shall furnish proper evidence of authority to transfer, or by his or her attorney-in-fact authorized by power of attorney duly executed and filed with the Secretary of the Corporation. All certificates surrendered to the Corporation for transfer shall be cancelled and no new certificate shall be issued until the former certificates for a like number of shares shall have been surrendered and cancelled.
6.7 Lost or Destroyed Certificates
In the case of a lost, destroyed or mutilated certificate, a new certificate may be issued therefor upon such terms and indemnity to the Corporation as the board of directors may prescribe.
6.8 Transfer Agent and Registrar
The board of directors may from time to time appoint one or more Transfer Agents and one or more Registrars for the shares of the Corporation, with such powers and duties as the board of directors shall determine by resolution.
6.9 Officer Ceasing to Act
In case any officer who has signed or whose facsimile signature has been placed upon a stock certificate shall have ceased to be such officer before such certificate is issued, it may be issued by the Corporation with the same effect as if the signer were such officer at the date of its issuance.
6.10 Fractional Shares
The Corporation shall not issue certificates for fractional shares.
SECTION 7
BOOKS AND RECORDS
The Corporation shall keep correct and complete books and records of account, stock transfer books, minutes of the proceedings of its shareholders and board of directors and such other records as may be necessary or advisable.
SECTION 8
FISCAL YEAR
The fiscal year of the Corporation shall be the calendar year; provided, however, that the board of directors may select a different fiscal year at any time for purposes of federal income taxes, or otherwise.
SECTION 9
SEAL
The seal of the Corporation, if any, shall consist of the name of the Corporation and the state of its incorporation.
SECTION 10
INDEMNIFICATION
10.1 Right to Indemnification of Directors and Officers
Each person who was or is made a party or is threatened to be made a party to or is otherwise involved in any action, suit or proceeding, whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative (hereafter a "proceeding"), by reason of the fact that he or she is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation or of a partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise, including service with respect to an employee benefit plan (hereinafter an "indemnitee"), whether the basis of such proceeding is alleged action in an official capacity as a director or officer or in any other capacity while serving as a director or officer shall be indemnified and held harmless by the Corporation to the fullest extent authorized by the Nevada General Corporation Law, as the same exists or may hereafter be amended, (but, in the case of any such amendment, only to the extent that such amendment permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than permitted prior thereto), against all expense, liability and loss (including attorney's fees, judgments, fines, ERISA excise taxes or penalties and amounts paid in settlement) reasonably incurred or suffered by such indemnitee in connection therewith and such indemnification shall continue as to an indemnitee who has ceased to be a director or officer and shall inure to the benefit of the indemnitee's heirs, executors and administrators; provided, however, that, except as provided in Section 10.3 of these bylaws or with respect to proceedings to enforce rights to indemnification, the Corporation shall indemnify any such indemnitee in connection with a proceeding (or part thereof) initiated by such indemnitee only if such proceeding (or part thereof) was authorized by the board of directors of the Corporation.
10.2 Right to Advancement of Expenses
The right to indemnification conferred in Section 10.1 of these bylaws shall include the right to be paid by the Corporation the expenses incurred in defending any proceeding for which such right to indemnification is applicable in advance of
its final disposition (hereinafter an "advancement of expenses"); provided, however, that, if the Nevada General Corporation Law requires, an advancement of expenses incurred by an indemnitee in his or her capacity as a director or officer (and not in any other capacity in which service was or is rendered by such indemnitee, including, without limitation, service to an employee benefit plan) shall be made only upon delivery to the Corporation of an undertaking (hereinafter an "undertaking"), by or on behalf of such indemnitee, to repay all amounts so advanced if it shall ultimately be determined by final judicial decision from which there is no further right to appeal (hereinafter a "final adjudication") that such indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified for such expenses under this section or otherwise.
10.3 Right of Indemnitee to Bring Suit
The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of
expenses conferred in Sections 10.1 and 10.2 of these bylaws
shall be contract rights. If a claim under Sections 10.1 and 10.2
of these bylaws is not paid in full by the Corporation within
sixty (60) days after a written claim has been received by the
Corporation, except in the case of a claim for an advancement of
expenses, in which case the applicable period shall be twenty
(20) days, the indemnitee may at any time thereafter bring suit
against the Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses
pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the indemnitee shall be
entitled to be paid also the expense of prosecuting or defending
such suit. In (i) any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a
right to indemnification hereunder (but not in a suit brought by
the indemnitee to enforce a right to an advancement of expenses)
it shall be a defense that, and (ii) in any suit by the
Corporation to recover an advancement of expenses pursuant to the
terms of an undertaking the Corporation shall be entitled to
recover such expenses upon a final adjudication that, the
indemnitee has not met any applicable standard for
indemnification set forth in the Nevada General Corporation Law.
Neither the failure of the Corporation (including its board of
directors, independent legal counsel, or its stockholders) to
have made a determination prior to the commencement of such suit
that indemnification of the indemnitee is proper in the
circumstances because the indemnitee has met the applicable
standard of conduct set forth in Nevada General Corporation Law,
nor an actual determination by the Corporation (including its
board of directors, independent legal counsel, or its
stockholders) that the indemnitee has not met such applicable
standard of conduct, shall create a presumption that the
indemnitee has not met the applicable standard of conduct or, in
the case of such a suit brought by the indemnitee, be a defense
to such suit. In any suit brought by the indemnitee to enforce a
right to indemnification or to an advancement of expenses
hereunder, or by the Corporation to recover an advancement of
expenses pursuant to the terms of an undertaking, the burden of
proving that the indemnitee is not entitled to be indemnified, or
to such advancement of expenses, under this section or otherwise
shall be on the Corporation.
10.4 Non-Exclusivity of Rights
The rights to indemnification and to the advancement of expenses conferred in this article shall not be exclusive of any other right which any person may have or hereafter acquire under
any statute, the Corporation's certificate of incorporation, bylaw, agreement, vote of stockholders or disinterested directors or otherwise.
10.5 Insurance
The Corporation may maintain insurance, at its expense, to protect itself and any director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation or another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise against any expense, liability or loss, whether or not the Corporation would have the power to indemnify such person against such expense, liability or loss under the Nevada General Corporation Law.
10.6 Indemnification of Employees and Agents of the Corporation
The Corporation may, to the extent authorized from time to time by the board of directors, grant rights to indemnification, and to the advancement of expenses to any employee or agent of the Corporation to the fullest extent of the provisions of this article with respect to the indemnification and advancement of expenses of directors and officers of the Corporation.
10.7 No Presumption of Bad Faith
The termination of any proceeding by judgment, order, settlement, conviction or upon a plea of nolo contendere or its equivalent shall not, of itself, create a presumption that the person did not act in good faith and in a manner which the person reasonably believed to be in or not opposed to the best interests of this Corporation, or, with respect to any criminal proceeding, that the person had reasonable cause to believe that the conduct was unlawful.
10.8 Survival of Rights
The rights conferred on any person by this Bylaw shall continue as to a person who has ceased to be a director, officer, employee or other agent and shall inure to the benefit of the heirs, executors and administrators of such a person.
10.9 Amendments to Law
For purposes of this Bylaw, the meaning of "law" within the phrase "to the fullest extent not prohibited by law" shall include, but not be limited to, the Nevada General Corporation Law, as the same exists on the date hereof or as it may be amended; provided, however, that in the case of any such amendment, such amendment shall apply only to the extent that it permits the Corporation to provide broader indemnification rights than the Act permitted the Corporation to provide prior to such amendment.
10.10 Savings Clause
If this Bylaw or any portion hereof shall be invalidated on any ground by any court of competent jurisdiction, the Corporation shall indemnify each director, officer or other agent to the fullest extent permitted by any applicable portion of this Bylaw that shall not have been invalidated, or by any other applicable law.
10.11 Certain Definitions
For the purposes of this Section, the following definitions shall apply:
(a) The term "proceeding" shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, the investigation, preparation, prosecution, defense, settlement and appeal of any threatened, pending or completed action, suit or proceeding, whether brought in the right of the Corporation or otherwise and whether civil, criminal, administrative or investigative, in which the director or officer may be or may have been involved as a party or otherwise by reason of the fact that the director or officer is or was a director or officer of the Corporation or is or was serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.
(b) The term "expenses" shall be broadly construed and shall include, without limitation, all costs, charges and expenses (including fees and disbursements of attorneys, accountants and other experts) actually and reasonably incurred by a director or officer in connection with any proceeding, all expenses of investigations, judicial or administrative proceedings or appeals, and any expenses of establishing a right to indemnification under these bylaws, but shall not include amounts paid in settlement, judgments or fines.
(c) "Corporation" shall mean Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation, and any successor corporation thereof.
(d) Reference to a "director" or "officer" of the Corporation shall include, without limitation, situations where such person is serving at the request of the Corporation as a director or officer of another corporation, partnership, joint venture, trust or other enterprise.
(e) References to "other enterprises" shall include employee benefit plans. References to "fines" shall include any excise taxes assessed on a person with respect to any employee benefit plan. References to "serving at the request of the Corporation" shall include any service as a director, officer, employee or agent of the Corporation which imposes duties on, or involves services by, such director, officer, employee or agent with respect to an employee benefit plan, its participants, or
beneficiaries. A person who acted in good faith and in a manner the person reasonably believed to be in the interest of the participants and beneficiaries of an employee benefit plan shall be deemed to have acted in a manner "not opposed to the best interests of the Corporation" as referred to in this Bylaw.
SECTION 11
AMENDMENTS
These bylaws may be altered, amended or repealed and new bylaws may be adopted by the board of directors.
The foregoing bylaws were adopted by the board of directors of the Corporation on January 15, 2007.
By:/s/Andrew Ashton -------------------------- Andrew Ashton, Secretary |
[EXHIBIT 10.1]
LEASE
AND
PREMISES
TERMS/RENT
Year Monthly rent ----------------------------------------- 1/1/06 to 12/31/06 $675.00 1/1/07 to 12/31/07 $695.00 1/1/08 to 12/31/08 $716.11 |
Each beginning on the 1st day of January, 2006, and continuing on the 1st day of each month thereafter, at the office of 41 D Germay Drive, Wilmington, DE, 19804 during business hours, or at such other place as owner may in writing from time to time direct, and Tenant does for itself, it's successors and assigns, covenant the promise to pay said rent without further notice. Rents are due promptly on the first day of each month; and in the event the Tenant becomes delinquent for more than 5 days after the due date, Tenant authorizes Landlord to impose a 95%0 per month late charge; and in the event the Tenant becomes delinquent for more than (30) days after the due date, Tenant authorizes the Landlord to enter premises and take possession. The owner shall have the right to change locks, discontinue utilities in the Tenant's name and to take any legal action necessary to recover delinquent rents. A late fee in the amount of 5% of the monthly rent shall be charged if rent is not paid in full by the 5th day after the due date.
USE OF PREMISES
Tenant shall comply with all applicable City, County and State Laws, ordinances, and regulations, and with the rules and regulations of the Local Board of Underwriters with respect to use and occupancy of the said premises. Tenant shall not permit the conduct of any business, trade or occupation on said premises, or anything to be done thereon, which may void or make voidable any policy of insurance held by Owner thereon. Tenant shall keep the demise and all improvements and fixtures in good condition, order and repair, throughout the term of the lease.
POSSESSION
3. Tenant agrees that in the event of the liability of Owner to deliver possession of the premises at the commencement of the lease term, Owner shall not be liable for any damage caused thereby, nor shall this lease be void or voidable, but Tenant shall not be liable for any rent until such time as Owner can and does offer to deliver possession of the premises to Tenant and the total rent payable by Tennant and the commencement date of the lease term shall both be adjusted accordingly.
SERVICES
4. The parties agree that each shall, subject to further provisions hereof, furnish and pay for the services and items assigned to them below, in addition to the other considerations recited herein: A. Heat as required Tenant B. Air Conditioning as required Tenant C. Electricity for ordinary lighting and for office machines Tenant D. Maintenance of plumming, heating air conditioning Tenant and electric equipment E. Water and Sewer rent(pro rata share) Tenant F. Clearing of ice and snow from sidewalks; sanding Tenant And or salting |
G. Replacement of broken window glass Tenant
H. Janiter and cleaning service Tenant
I. Window washing Tenant
J. Ordinary repairs Tenant
K. Ordinary repairs and maintenance Tenant
L. Structural repairs Tenant
M. Parking lot maintenance, including plowing, etc Tenant
When necessary ( pro rata share CAM)
N. Roof repairs and maintenance Tenant
O. Rubbish removal Tenant
P. Security Tenant
Q. Light bulb replacement Tenant
R. Overhead door and opener repair & maintenance Tenant
S. Real estate taxes & hazards insurance Tenant
Owner shall not be liable for any failure to furnish the services and items assigned to it above if such failure is due to a shortage of materials, supplies, labor, services and other cause beyond it's control.
SIGN
5. No sign, advertisement, notice shall be inscribed, painted or affixed on any part of the outside or inside of said building without the written consent of the Owner, which consent Owner agrees not to withhold reasonability.
SUBLETTING
6. Tenant shall not sublet, transfer or in any manner dispose of the said premises or any part thereof, for all or any part, of the term hereby granted, without the prior written consent of the owner, such consent shall not be unreasonably withheld. If the Tenant merges into or consolidates with, or liquidates or sells al or a substantial part of it's assets to any person, corporation or organization of any kind, such action shall constitute an assignment or transfer of the premises within the meaning of the lease.
PEACEABLE SURRENDER OF PREMISES
7. On the last day of the lease term as presently written, or on the last day of any renewal or extension thereof, or upon sooner termination by mutual written agreement, Tenant shall peaceably surrender the premises in as good a condition as reasonable and proper use will permit. Any personal property left upon the premises shall be deemed abandoned by the Tenant. Tenant shall leave the premises broom clean.
ALTERATIONS
8. Tenant shall not make any alterations, additions or improvements to the said premises without the prior written consent of the owner. In no event shall any structural change or any other change or modification be made to structure, heating, electrical or pluming services be undertaken by Tenant or employee or agent of Tenant. Any approved additions, alterations or improvements shall be done in accordance wit the applicable State and County Laws and Ordinances and building and zoning rules and regulations. Tenant hereby expressly assumes full responsibility for all damages and for injuries which may result, to any person or property by reason of or resulting from said alterations, additions or improvements and shall hold owner harmless with respect thereto.
Any alterations, additions, or improvements made in, to or on the premises shall, unless otherwise provided by written agreement, be the property of Owner, and shall remain upon and be surrendered with the premises, except for the Tenants Trade fixtures. Tenant shall pay, when due, any and all sums of money that may be due for any and all labor, services, materials, supplies or equipment alleged to have been furnished or to be furnished to or for Tenant in, on or about the premises, and which may be secured by any mechanic's materialmen's or other lien against the premises or of Owner's interest therein, and Tenant shall cause each such lien to be fully discharged and released at the time and performance of any obligation secured by and such lien matures or becomes due.
LIABILITY
9. Owner in no event shall be liable for any damage or injury to Tenant or any agent or employee of Tenant, or to any person or persons coming upon the said premises in connection with the occupancy by Tenant or otherwise , or to any goods, chattels, or other property of Tenant, or any other person or persons which may, during the term of this lease, be located in said premises, caused and contributed by water, rain, snow, breakage of pipes, leakage, or by any other cause except the willful negligence of the Owner, it's agents or employees.
OWNER'S INSPECTON
10. Owner and persons designated by it to have the right to enter the said premises at reasonable hours to examine the same and to do such work as Owner is obligated to do under the terms hereof, or to do such work as Owner shall deem necessary for the safety or preservation of the said premises; provided however, that the same shall not interfere reasonably with the conduct of the Tenant's business.
FIRE
11. If fire or casualty to the rental unit occurs without fault of the part of Tenant, or other person on premises with Tenant's consent, thereby rendering the premises or appurtenances necessary to the use thereof partially or wholly unusable, the Tenant may:
a) if the premises is totally destroyed by fire or other casualty; immediately quit the premises and notify Owner in writing of Tenant's election to quit within (1) week after vacating, in which case the rental agreement shall terminate as of the date of such notice. If Tenant fails to notify Owner of Tenant's election to quit Tenant shall be liable for rent accruing to the date of Owner's actual knowledge of Tenant's vacation, or impossibility of further occupancy ; or,
b) if continued occupancy is otherwise lawful, Tenant may vacate any part of the premises rendered unusable by the fire or casualty, in which case the Tenant's liability for
rent shall be no more than the market value of that part of the premises which Tenant continues to use and occupy.
INDEMNITY
12. Tenant for itself, it's successors and assigns, covenants and agrees to indemnify and hold harmless Owner, it's successors and assigns, of and from any and all damages and for liability from anything whatsoever for arising from or out of, or in connection with the occupancy of the said premises by Tenant, it's agents or servants, and for itself, it's successors and assigns, does hereby release Owner, it's successors and assigns from any change or damage of liability arising from anything in connection with the occupancy of the Tenant of the said premises, unless the same shall be caused by the negligence of the Landlord, it's agents, or employees.
13. In the event Tenant's occupancy causes any increase in premium for the fire, boiler and/or casualty rates on the leased premises or the building of which they are a part above the rate for the least hazardous type of occupancy legally permitted in the leased premises, the Tenant shall pay the additional premium on the fire boiler and/or casualty insurance policies by reason thereof. The Tenant shall also pay in such event, any additional premium on the rent insurance policy that may be carried by the Owner for it's protection against rent loss through fire.. Bills for such additional premium shall be rendered by Owner to Tenant at such times as Owner may elect, and shall be due from, and payable by Tenant when rendered, and the amount thereof shall be deemed to be, and paid as additional rent.
BREACH OR DEFAULT BY TENANT
14. Any breach by Tenant of any conditions of this lease, not including payment of rent, may be cured by Owner for the account of and at the expense of Tenant, and any sums so advanced shall be paid to Owner on the first day of the following month.
Should Tenant be in default of any of the terms or conditions of this lease, while such default continues, neither the whole or any part of the furniture, equipment or supplies located in the premises shall be removed there from, except with the written consent of Owner, first obtained.
REAL ESTATE TAXES AND BUILDING INSURANCE
15. Tenant will pay it's pro rata share all real property taxes which have been, or may be assessed by any lawful authority against the land and improvements. Should such aforesaid taxes exceed, in any subsequent lease year, the
amount paid for the first full year of taxes assessed against the land and improvements, the Tenant shall pay as additional rent Tenant's proportionate share of the total increase, based upon the percentage of increase over the taxes in the first lease year. Tenant shall also pay for it's pro rata share of Owner's cost of fire, hazard and liability insurance maintained by owner for the building and common areas which the premises is a part. Invoices for the above items shall be payable by Tenant within 15 days of receiving invoice from owner.
INSURANCE
16. Tenant shall maintain in full force and effect, at it's sole cost and expense, during the term of this lease or any renewal or extension thereof, (i) public liability insurance including contractual liability, with respect to the leased premises in companies and in form acceptable to Owner, providing on an occurrence basis, a minimum combined single limit of One Million Dollars ($1,000,000) per occurrence and Two Million Dollars ($2,000,000) in the aggregate, and (ii) fire and extended coverage insurance on Tenant's personal property, including inventory, trade fixtures, floor coverings, furniture and other property, and Tenant's leasehold improvements. Such a policy shall name Owner and Tenant as insured's as their interest shall appear, and shall be affected by valid and enforceable policies issued by insurers of recognized responsibility satisfactory to Owner. Policy shall also contain a provision that said policy shall not be cancelled except after Ten (10) days written notice to Owner. The policy shall expressively waive and bar any claim of subrogation against Owner. Appropriate certificates shall be furnished to Owner by Tenant to prove issuance of such policies and their coverage.
PERSONAL PROPERTY TAXES
17. Tenant shall be liable for the payment of all taxes levied against any personal property or trade fixtures placed in, on, or about the premises, including shelves, counters, vaults, vault doors, wall safes, partitions, machinery, electrical or electronic equipment. If Owner is required to pay any of such taxes, Tenant, upon demand, agrees to reimburse Owner therefore.
BANKRUPTCY
18. In the event Tenant shall file voluntary petition in bankruptcy, make an assignment for the benefit of creditors, or be adjudged a bankrupt, or if a receiver, trustee, or custodian is appointed for Tenant by any court, or if Tenant files any petition for relief under any section of the bankruptcy laws of the United States now in force or hereafter enacted, or if Tenant takes advantage of any insolvency act of ant state or the United States now in
force or hereafter enacted, or if the interest of the Tenant shall be sold under any execution or other legal process, issued out of any court, or if Tenant shall abandon or vacate the said premises during the said term, or if Tenant shall break any promise or covenant on it's part to be performed, then in any such even it shall be lawful for owner, at any time thereafter, at it's option, while the same continues, if it shall continue for a period of Ten(10) days, upon ten(10) days written notice Tenant to enter said premises and again have possession thereof and occupy the same as id the lease had not been made, and thereupon this lease and everything contained herein upon the part of the owner to be done and performed , shall cease and become null and void, without prejudice to the right of Owner to recover from Tenant by distraint , attachment or other legal process, all rents or additional rents due and owing according to the terms of this lease, or any damages resulting from the violation of this lease or the terms hereof.
SECURITY DEPOSIT
19. Tenant has deposited with Owner $1,575.00, receipt whereof is hereby acknowledged, a security for the full and faithful performance of each and every term, provision, covenant and condition of this lease. In the event Tenant defaults in respect of any of the terms, provisions, covenants or conditions of this lease, including but not limited to the payment of rent, Owner may use, apply, or retain the whole or any part of such security for the payment of any rent in default or for any other sum which owner may spend or be required to spend, by reason of Tenant's default. Should tenant faithfully and fully comply with all the terms, provisions, covenants, and conditions of this lease, the security deposit or any balance thereof shall be returned to Tenant at the expiration of the term hereof. Tenant shall not be entitled to any interest on said security deposit.
20. The failure of owner to insist upon a strict performance of any of the terms, conditions and covenants herein, shall not be deemed a waiver of any rights or remedies that owner may have and shall not be deemed a waiver of any subsequent breach or default in the terms, conditions and covenants herein contained.
EMINANT DOMAIN
21. If the whole or any part of the premises leased to Tenant shall be taken by any public authority under the power of eminent domain, then the term of this lease shall cease on the part so taken on the date possession of the part is surrendered and any unearned rent paid or credited in advance shall be refunded, and from that day, Tenant shall have the right either to cancel this lease and to declare the same null and void, or to continue in possession of the remainder of the premises under the terms herein
provided, except that the rent shall be reduced in proportion to the portion of the premises taken. Tenant shall notify owner within thirty (30) days after notification by the owner and/or such public authority of the intention to take a portion of the premises leased to tenant of it's intention to cancel the lease; otherwise, the lease shall continue on the terms and conditions hereinbefore stated as to the portion not taken for the remainder of the term. Tenant shall not be entitled to receive any part of any award or awards that may be made to or received by owner. Tenant at it's own expense may take independent proceedings against the public authority exercising the power of eminent domain to prove and establish any damage Tenant may have sustained.
ABSENCE FROM PREMISES
22. At any time during the term of this lease or any renewal or extension thereof, Tenant agrees to inform owner in writing, if and when premises are due to be unoccupied for an extended period of time (10 working days or more); such notice will be given no later than the first day of such absence.
23. Time is of the essence of this lease.
SUBORDINATION
24. Tenant agrees that this lease shall be subordinate to any mortgages or trust deeds which may now be in effect or hereafter be placed upon the real property of which the demised premises form a part, and to any and all advances made or to be made thereunder.
NOTICES
25. Any notice provided for herein shall be given by registered mail , postage prepaid, addressed, if to Owner at Taub Investments at 41 Germay Drive, Wilmington, DE 19804 and if to Tenant at PSI-TEC Corporation; Beacon Hill Development Center, 2320 Lighthouse Lane, Wilmington, DE 19810 Atten: Andrew Ashton
TERMINATION
26. Subject to the options to renew provided in the Rider, it is agreed that this lease shall be terminate without notice by either party, upon the expiration of the period specified in Paragraph 1 hereof.
HOLDOVER
27. Any holding over after the expiration of the term hereof, without the written consent of owner, shall be construed to be a tenancy from month to month at one and one half (1and 1/2) hereinbefore specified . If owner's written consent is granted, the rent shall be at the amount being paid at expiration date of this lease.
RIDER
28. A Rider consisting of One(1) pages , with sections numbered consecutively N/A through N/A is attached hereto and made part hereof.
NO OPTION
29. The submission of this lease for examination does not constitute a reservation of or option for the leased premises and this becomes effective as a lease only upon execution thereof by Owner and Tenant. If this lease is not executed by both parties and fully executed copies delivered to both parties by then, this lease shall be null and void.
COMMISSION
30. In consideration of it's services in negotiating this lease, Owner, it's successors or assigns, agrees to pay Stoltz Realty Co. it's successors or assigns, a commission equal to four percent (4%) upfront for the term of this lease and for any extension or renewal. In the event said commission is not paid within thirty(30) days of the due date, Stoltz Realty Co. shall have the right to accelerate payment of the balance of future commissions base upon the Tenant exercising all options to renew and extend this lease and all such future commissions shall become due and payable at once upon demand.
If the tenant or any assigns of tenant or any form of ownership in which tenant is connected with, purchase the real estate which the premises are a part, during the term of this lease or any extension thereof, and for 180 days after this lease, or any extension thereof, expires, Owner, it's successors or assigns, agrees to have Stoltz Realty Co., it' successors or assigns, represent the owner in the transaction and pay a commission equal to 6 percent of the sales price (gross consideration),
The owner agrees that these commission covenants shall survive any sale, conveyance, lease or other transfer of the building and any breach hereof shall constitute a lien against the building that shall run with the building.
HAZARDOUS SUBSTANCES
31. During the term of this lease or any extension, renewal or expansion thereof the tenet agrees not to generate, manufacture, store, treat, dispose, release or threaten
release of any hazardous waste or substance by tenant or by agent, employee or invitee of tenant on or about any of the property. Tenant also agrees that all the activity of the tenant shall be conducted in compliance with all applicable federal, state and local laws, regulations and ordinances. Tenant authorizes landlord and it's agents to enter the properties and premises to make sure such inspections and tests, as landlord may deem appropriate to determine compliance of the property with this section of the lease. If tenant does generate, manufacture, store, treat, dispose, release or threaten to release any hazardous waste on the property, tenant shall become liable for cleanup and the cost to cleanup the property. Tenant also agrees to indemnify, hold harmless the landlord against any and all claims, losses, liabilities, damages, penalties and expenses which landlord may directly or incur or suffer as a result from a breach of this section of the lease. Tenant also agrees not to store any junk cars or parts anywhere outside of the premises during the term or extension of this lease.
OUTSIDE STORAGE & LOITERING
Tenant agrees not to store or place any junk, damaged cars, automobile parts or material outside the premises. Tenant understands that no loitering, drag racing, or any excessive noise or music is permitted on or around the premises. Tenant further understands that no pets are allowed on the premises. The existence of any of these violations shall be determined by the sole discretion of the Owner.
As used herein, the neuter gender shall be construed as feminine or masculine gender, as the case may be.
This agreement shall bind and benefit the parties hereto and their respective Executors, Administrators, Heirs, Successors and Assigns.
SIGNITURE PAGE TO FOLLOW:
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this lease to be executed on the date first above written.
SEALED AND DELIVERED
IN THE PRESENCE OF:
OWNER: Taub Investments _________________________ _______________________ Witness Sylvan Taub Tenant:PSI-TEC Corporation __________________________ ________________________(seal) Witness By: Tenant:PSI-TEC Corporation |
________________________ ________________________(seal) Witness By:
[EXHIBIT 10.2]
February 3, 2007
Genova Executive Business Consulting
/s/Ron Genova ----------------------- Ron Genova - Principal |
Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc.
/s/Frederick J. Goetz ---------------------------------------- Frederick J. Goetz - President, Director |
[EXHIBIT 10.3]
Memorandum of Understanding
The purpose of this memorandum of understanding is to set forth certain non-binding understandings and binding agreements between Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc., a Nevada corporation ("TDON"), and Photon-X, LLC, a Delaware limited liability company ("Photon X") , with respect to our recent discussions regarding the two-phase strategic alliance as described below. TDON and Photon X are sometimes referred to herein as a "party" and collectively as the "parties."
1.0 Understanding. The following section reflects our understanding of the matters described but are not legally binding and do not impose an enforceable obligation on either of us to negotiate or conclude an agreement regarding the supposed strategic alliance on such terms. This is not a complete statement of all terms and conditions of the proposed strategic alliance, but provides a basis for further negotiations.
1.1 Phase One.
1.2 Phase Two.
i. Third-Order and Photon-X will provide the necessary
level of engineering resources to design and process
electro-optic devices based upon Third-Order's materials
and Photon-X's unique processing capabilities. The
companies will endeavor to use best reasonable efforts to
create devices with optimized electr-optic performance and
strong market demand potential (eg. 40Gb/s and 100Gb/s EO
Modulators).
ii. Characterization and qualification testing may occur at
Third-Order's facility, Photon-X's facility, at both
locations, and/or at a third party facility as required.
iii. Limited quantities (not to exceed 21 units) of devices
created under Phase Two may be marketed by either party
through the party's market channel(s) as a vehicle to
develop appropriate markets; however no commitment to
volume production and/or pricing should be made by either
party unless and until a final alliance Structure is
established.
Section 2 Certain Covenants and Restrictions
2.0 Agreement. By signing this Memorandum of Understanding, the parties agree that the following paragraphs will constitute a legally binding and enforceable agreement between the parties. In consideration of the significant expenses that both parties will incur in pursuing a strategic alliance with respect to the mutual undertakings described, the parties agree as follows:
2.1 Mutual Non-Disclosure Agreements. Simultaneously with this memorandum of Understanding, each of the parties shall execute a Mutual Non-Disclosure agreement that shall enable appropriate detailed discussions to take place relative to work plans, time lines, technical specifications, production techniques, IP contributions and the possibility of further agreements between Third- Order and Photon-X.
2.2 Good Faith Negotiations. The parties shall negotiate in good faith and use their best efforts to arrive at agreements with respect to the strategic alliance as described herein.
2.3 Access to Information. The parties shall make available to each other all information necessary to effectuate the intent of this Memorandum of Understanding. To facilitate such exchange of information, the parties shall each provide to each other a designated person of contact.
2.4 Confidentiality and Public Announcements. Both parties agree to allow public disclosure of the existence of this Memorandum of Understanding between the parties and publications of test results; however, the parties shall consult with each other and agree as to the timing, content, and form before issuing any press release or other public disclosure related thereto, and such permission will not be unreasonably withheld by either party. Notwithstanding the previous sentence, nothing herein shall prohibit TDON from making: (i) a public disclosure regarding this Memorandum of Understanding, the creation of a strategic alliance between the parties, and/or the publication of test results if, in the opinion of it's legal counsel, such disclosure is required by law; and (ii) reasonable and customary disclosures without Photon-X's approval to select capital sources as may be necessary in connection with obtaining any financing which may be sought in connection with TDON's business.
Further Photon-X acknowledges that during the period of it's Memorandum of Understanding and the terms of the strategic alliance contemplated herein, Photon-X, and personnel at Photon-X, may become aware of "material non-public information" (as defined under applicable securities laws) regarding TDON. Photon-X understands, and it will communicate to persons having knowledge of any such information, that they are required under applicable securities of TDON while in possession of this information and to refrain from disclosing this information to anyone accept as required pursuant to this Memorandum of Understanding and the terms of the strategic alliance contemplated herein.
Section 3
General
3.1 Expenses. Each party shall pay it's own expenses (including but not limited to legal, accounting and other professional services) in connection with all negotiations and activities relating to this Memorandum of Understanding.
3.2 Termination. Each party has the right to terminate this Memorandum of Understanding at any time with or without cause. This Memorandum of Understanding shall automatically terminate if no strategic alliance is created by the parties by August 31, 2008. Following termination, neither party shall have any obligations under this Memorandum of Understanding, other than is set forth in section 2 herein.
3.3 Exclusive understanding. Both parties agree that this Memorandum of Understanding is the complete and exclusive statement of understanding between the parties and supersedes all prior agreements, whether oral or written, with respect to the subject matter hereof.
3.4 Non-Exclusive Agreement. This Memorandum of Understanding shall not limit the scope of either party's business operations, or prevent either of the parties from entering into any other agreement with any third party with respect to any matter.
3.5 Binding Effect. This Memorandum of Understanding is
intended to be a confirmation of interest between the
parties in pursuing negotiations for a strategic alliance
based on the terms hereof, and, other than as set forth in
Section 2 herein, shall not constitute a binding agreement
between the parties hereto. Neither party intends, in
setting forth in this Memorandum of Understanding, the
provisions of a possible strategic alliance, to create, for
itself or any other person, any legally binding obligation
of liability. No agreement shall be binding, unless and
until each party has reviewed and approved (in it's sole
discretion) a definitive written agreement incorporating all
the terms, conditions and obligations of the parties, has
had such agreement reviewed by legal counsel, and has duly
executed and delivered such agreement. The legal rights and
obligations of each party shall be only those that are set
forth in the definitive written agreement.
3.6 Counterparts. This Memorandum of Understanding may be executed in any number of counterparts; each of which when so executed and delivered shall be deemed an original, and such counterparts together shall constitute only one original.
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. PHOTON-X, LLC By:/s/ Frederick Goetz By:/s/ Yongming Cai ------------------------------- ----------------- Frederick Goetz, Jr., President Yongming Cai, CEO |
[EXHIBIT 10.4]
Final
Triple Play Communications (TPC) Corporation's Design Services Agreement with PSI-TEC Corporation
(Phase 1)
This Design Services Agreement (the "Agreement") is made and entered into on August 8th , 2006, by and between PSI-TEC Corporation ("Client") and Triple Play Communications (TPC) Corporation ("Provider") (collectively referred to as the "Parties").
The Parties agree as follows:
2. TIME OF COMPLETION: The Project shall commence on August 8th, 2006, and shall be completed on or before November 30, 2006 pursuant to the times described in the Statement of Work, Exhibit A. Time is of the essence.
5. INDEPENDENT CONTRACTOR. Provider's relationship with Client will be that of an independent contractor and nothing in this Agreement should be construed to create a partnership, joint
venture, or employer-employee relationship. Provider is not
the agent of Client and is not authorized to make any
representation, contract, or commitment on behalf of Client.
Provider will not be entitled to any of the benefits which
Client may make available to its employees, such as group
insurance, profit-sharing or retirement benefits. Provider
will be solely responsible for all tax returns and payments
required to be filed with or made to any federal, state or
local tax authority with respect to Provider's performance of
services and receipt of fees under this Agreement. Client will
regularly report amounts paid to Provider by filing Form 1099-
MISC with the Internal Revenue Service as required by law:
Because Provider is an independent contractor, Client will not
withhold or make payments for social security; make
unemployment insurance or disability insurance contributions;
or obtain worker's compensation insurance on Provider's
behalf. Provider agrees to accept exclusive liability for
complying with all applicable state and federal laws governing
independent contractors, including obligations such as payment
of taxes, social security, disability and other contributions
based on fees paid to Provider, its agents or employees under
this Agreement. Provider hereby agrees to indemnify and defend
Client against any and all such taxes or contributions,
including penalties and interest.
6. TRADE SECRETS-INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS.
7. PROVIDER REPRESENTATIONS AND WARRANTIES. Provider hereby represents and warrants that (a) the Client Work Product will be an original work of Provider and any third parties will have executed assignment of rights reasonably acceptable to Client; (b) neither the Client Work Product nor any element thereof will infringe the Intellectual Property Rights of any third party; (c) neither the Client Work Product nor any element thereof will be subject to any restrictions or to any mortgages, liens, pledges, security interests, encumbrances or encroachments; (d) Provider will not grant, directly or indirectly, any rights or interest whatsoever in the Client Work Product to third parties; (e) Provider has full right and power to enter into and perform this Agreement without the consent of any third party; (f) Provider will take all necessary precautions to prevent injury to any persons (including employees of Client) or damage to property (including Client's property) during the term of this Agreement; (g) Provider agrees to abide by any and all rules, policies and procedures as communicated to Provider by the Client; (h) to the extent required by law, the Project shall
be performed by individuals duly licensed and authorized by law to work on the Project; and (h) should Client permit Provider to use any of Client's equipment, tools, or facilities during the term of this Agreement, such permission shall be gratuitous and Provider shall be responsible for any injury to any person (including death) or damage to property (including Client's property) arising out of use of such equipment, tools or facilities, whether or not such claim is based upon its condition or on the alleged negligence of Client in permitting its use.
8. INDEMNIFICATION. Provider will indemnify and hold harmless Client, its officers, directors, employees, sublicensees, customers and agents from any and all claims, losses, liabilities, damages, expenses and costs (including attorneys' fees and court costs) which result from a breach or alleged breach of any representation or warranty of Provider (a "Claim") set forth in Section 7 of this Agreement, provided that Client gives Provider written notice of any such Claim and Provider has the right to participate in the defense of any such Claim at its expense. From the date of written notice from Client to Provider of any such Claim, Client shall have the right to withhold from any payments due Provider under this Agreement the amount of any defense costs, plus additional reasonable amounts as security for Provider's obligations under this Section 8.
Provider, at its sole cost and expense, shall maintain
appropriate commercial liability insurance. A Certificate of
Insurance indicating such coverage shall be delivered to
Client upon request. The Certificate shall indicate that the
policy will not be changed or terminated without at least ten
(10) days' prior notice to Client, shall name Client as an
additional named insured and shall also indicate that the
insurer has waived its subrogation rights against Client.
9. GOVERNMENT OR THIRD PARTY CONTRACTS.
10. TERMINATION.
11. GENERAL PROVISIONS.
shall be construed by limiting and reducing it, so as to be enforceable to the extent compatible with the applicable law as it shall then appear.
Client: Provider: PSI-TEC Corporation TPC Corporation Ron Genova - Interim CEO Keith Riffee - President 2601 Annand Drive, Suite 16 PO Box 121287 Wilmington, DE 19808 West Melbourne, FL 32912-1287 |
Either party may change its mailing address by notice as provided by this section.
shall be construed as a waiver of any other right. Client shall not be required to give notice to enforce strict adherence to all terms of this Agreement.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have caused this Agreement to be executed the day and year first written above.
CLIENT: PROVIDER: By:_______________________ By:___________________________ Ron Genova, Interim CEO Keith Riffee, President |
EXHIBIT A ---------- Attached Statement of Work (SOW) in MS Excel format ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Date Complete Prioritized (No Later Item # Description Than) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliverable: Initial market opportunity assessment for 40G polymer modulator for commercial applications and higher speed (100GHz+) for military/aerospace applications (PowerPoint document) Perform initial market opportunity assessment for 40G (commercial) & 100G+ (military/aerospace) modulators and system applications. This opportunity assessment will include discussions with 15 to 20 market leaders (identified by initials, Template: position, and company) and includes: 8/15/06 - key technical and market trends at 40G (commercial) & 100G+ (military/aerospace) applications Preliminary 1 - special emphasis on modulator technology options together with Version: the technical and cost discriminators required in these markets 9/05/2006 - estimate of total available market (TAM) through 2011 for modulators and, if possible, systems Final - competitive offerings and current market share (Modulator Version: vendors include: JDSU, Covega, Avanex, Sumitomo, Fujitsu, etc.; 9/15/06 Systems vendors include: Mintera, StrataLight, Cisco, Juniper, Siemens, etc) - anticipated modulator component pricing, estimate cost targets to enable large market share - summary revenue and gross margin potential through 2011 - SWOT analysis - risks and mitigation plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliverable: Summary of options and trades for several modulator packaging solutions (PowerPoint document) Explore 40G modulator packaging options, both discrete and integrated with a driver and/or low cost DFB. Provide options 2 and trades for several available solutions while meeting all 30-Sep-06 technical requirements. (May have to subcontract mechanical/packaging engineering assistance, need to discuss details before quoting cost for this effort during first 3 months, may have to complete as follow-on task) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliverable: Target specification for 40G modulator based on various packaging options (Word document) Generate target specification for a 40G modulator component based 3 on recommended packaging options. This specification includes 15-Oct-06 requirements from the packaging options evaluation as well as: - optical, electrical, mechanical, qualification, and cost requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Deliverable: Initial market opportunity assessment for 40G 300- pin MSA transponder (PowerPoint document) Perform initial market opportunity assessment for 40G 300-pin MSA transponder. This opportunity assessment will include discussions with 10 to 15 market leaders (identified by initials, position, and company) and includes: - key technical and market trends for 300-pin modules at 40G 4 - discussion on potential timing for 40G in pluggable form 30-Oct-06 factor - key 300-pin technical and cost discriminators required in the market - potential customer feedback on required reach at 40G (largest volume potential) - overview of total available market (TAM) through 2011 - anticipated module pricing, estimate cost target to achieve large market share - competitive offerings and current market share (40G transponder vendors include: CoreOptics, Intel, Kodeos, JDSU, etc.) - summary revenue and gross margin potential through 2011 - SWOT analysis - risks and mitigation plan ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliverable: Summary of options and trades for a 40G 300-pin MSA transponder (PowerPoint document) Perform a module trade evaluation matrix for a 40G 300-pin MSA transponder module, include the following specific items: 5 - desired type of FEC 15-Nov-06 - desired type of EDC and/or ODC - recommendation modulation type(s) - recommendation of DSP versus microcontroller - recommendation on SERDES component ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Deliverable: Target specification for a 40G 300-pin MSA transponder module (Word document) 6 Generate target specification for a 40G 300-pin MSA transponder 30-Nov-06 module. This specification includes requirements for the following: - optical, electrical, mechanical, qualification, and cost requirements ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Perform conceptual/preliminary design for a 40G packaged polymer Follow-on 7 modulator. Include preliminary test plan for Alpha and Beta task, modules and suggested design for evaluation card. next quarter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Perform preliminary design for a 40G 300-pin MSA transponder Follow-on 8 module. Include preliminary test plan for Alpha and Beta modules task, and suggested design for evaluation card. next quarter ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
Prior Work Product Disclosure
1. Except as listed in Section 2 below, the following is a complete list of all Prior Work Product that have been made or conceived or first reduced to practice by Provider alone or jointly with others prior to my engagement by Client:
[ ] No inventions or improvements.
[X] See below:
a. Software based control of optical transceiver and transponder circuits
b. Distributed processing control
c. Active modulation and power control formats and algorithms
d. Hardware and software algorithms for Thermo-electric cooler (TEC)
controls
e. Software based control performance monitoring and diagnostics
f. Active extinction ratio control
g. Low cost laser driver control
h. Optical receiver bias and control circuitry
i. Transmit and receive signal path electronics control and monitoring
j. Serdes interface circuitry
k. Optical transceiver and transponder packaging
[ ] Additional sheets attached.
2. Due to a prior confidentiality agreement, Provider cannot complete the disclosure under Section 1 above with respect to inventions or improvements generally listed below, the proprietary rights and duty of confidentiality with respect to which Provider owes to the following party(ies):
Invention or Improvement Party(ies) Relationship:
1. ___________________________
2. ___________________________
3. ___________________________
[ ] Additional sheets attached.
Background Technology Disclosure
The following is a list of all Background Technology which Provider intends to use in performing under this Agreement:
a. Market assessment survey forms and questions
b. Product specification and datasheet formats
c. Optical, electrical, and mechanical requirements for modules
and components necessary to meet Telecom and Datacom industry standards
d. Methods for revenue, TAM, and gross margin calculations
e. Forecast information gathered from various market research firms
f. Methods for performing trade studies and similar component analysis
Assignment Of Copyright
For good and valuable consideration which has been received, the undersigned sells, assigns and transfers to Client, a Delaware corporation, and its successors and assigns, the copyright in and to the following work, which was created by the following indicated author(s):
Title:
Author(s):
Copyright Office Identification No. (if any):
and all of the right, title and interest of the undersigned, vested and contingent, therein and thereto.
Executed _______________________[date].
Signature: ____________________________
Printed Name: ________________________
[EXHIBIT 10.5]
MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT
THIS MANAGEMENT AGREEMENT is dated February 28, 2007 by and between UNIVERSAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, [INC., a Delaware corporation] ("Manager"), and THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC., a Nevada corporation ("TDON").
BACKGROUND
TDON desires to obtain from the Manager, and the Manager is willing and able to provide to TDON, management services and other assistance in accordance with and subject to the terms and conditions set forth in this Agreement.
For and in consideration of the mutual benefits and covenants set forth below, and other good and valuable consideration, the receipt and adequacy of which are hereby acknowledged, the parties hereto, intending to be legally bound, hereby agree as follows:
(a) TDON hereby engages Manager to provide management services and other assistance in accordance with the terms of this Agreement. The Manager shall and hereby agrees to devote such time as is reasonably necessary to provide such services and assistance.
(a) Manager hereby agrees to provide to TDON the following services (as amended from time to time, collectively, the "Services"):
(i) Strategic Planning. Manager shall assist TDON management in the strategic planning process to include but not be limited to analysis of potential markets, competition, product marketing approaches, pricing and future product utility.
(ii) Significant Managerial Assistance. Manager shall provide TDON with day to day managerial assistance on issues such as employment, payroll, and benefits; real estate leasing; utility utilization; capital expenditures; personnel; and other related matters.
(iii) Financial Reporting Services. Manager shall assist in providing TDON on a quarter-annual basis a balance sheet, income statement and statement of cash flow for TDON. Such financial reports shall be completed not later than thirty (30) days after the end of the quarter-annual period reported on. Income statements will be based on generally accepted accounting principles as in effect in the United States of America, consistently applied from period to period and in accordance with the terms of contracts and service agreements.
(iv) Tax Reporting Services. Manager shall assist in the preparation of sales and use tax returns for all jurisdictions in which TDON is then subject to reporting as determined by TDON for goods or services sold. Not later than the 10th business day of each calendar month in which a sales/use tax liability is due to be paid TDON, Manager shall provide TDON with the amount of
such liability. Such returns shall be delivered to TDON for execution no later than three (3) days prior to the filing due date for any such return.
(v) Accounts Payable Services.
A. Manager shall provide for the usual and ordinary business aspects of the accounts payable process for TDON, including but not limited to:
(I.) Maintaining vendor master
(II.) Processing vendor invoices
(III.) Executing vendor payments from TDON's funds
(IV.) Processing travel expense reports
(V.) Executing employee payments for travel expense
from PSI-TEC's funds
(VI.) Stop payment administration
(VII.) 1099 Misc. reporting
(VIII.) Invoice filing
(IX.) Documentation retention
B. Manager shall direct and oversee TDON's outstanding accounts payable from TDON's funds (if available) to contracted payment terms and consistent with past business practice.
(a) Investment Banking Consultation Services. Manager will assist TDON in seeking funding and in preparation for entering the public market. Manager will provide TDON with various options and methods for attaining its investment banking and public market goals.
(b)To the extent that Manager is able in the ordinary course of business, Manager shall provide or cause to be provided, all personnel, facilities, equipment, systems and management necessary or appropriate to provide such Services. In no event will Manager be required to stay in business or take other extraordinary measures solely to provide the Services to TDON; provided, that Manager shall provide Services pursuant to this Agreement in the same order of priority as it provides the same or similar services to its own departments or divisions except where Manager's extraordinary business needs require otherwise and provided TDON is notified in advance of any delay and the Services are provided to TDON at the next available opportunity.
(c)During the Term of this Agreement, TDON may from time to
time request that Manager provide special services or
projects in addition to the Services identified in this
Section 2, and Manager may in its sole discretion agree to
provide such additional services or projects. If Manager
agrees to provide such additional services or projects, the
Parties shall negotiate in good faith to establish the terms
(including, without limitation, price) for providing such
additional services or projects and following agreement on
such terms, this Section 2 shall be amended to include such
additional services and projects.
(a) This Agreement shall be effective as of the date first set forth above and, subject to the provisions of section (b) of this Section 3, shall terminate on February 28, 2008 (the "Term"). The Term shall be automatically extended from year to year in the absence of ninety (90) days' notice from one party to the other.
(b) Notwithstanding the provisions of subsection (a) of this
Section 3, (i) Manager can terminate this Agreement at any time
upon thirty (30) days' notice to TDON upon TDON's failure to pay
the amounts required hereunder and (ii) TDON can terminate this
Agreement after thirty (30) days' notice to Manager of Manager's
material failure to fulfill its obligations hereunder and
Manager's failure to correct such failure during such time
period.
(a) Within thirty (30) days of the signing of this agreement TDON shall pay Manager for the Services by delivering to Manager one million (1,000,000) Shares of common stock of the Company. If the Term of this Agreement extends beyond February 28, 2008, TDON shall pay for continuing Services hereunder by delivering five hundred thousand (500,000) additional Shares to Manager in advance of March 1, 2008 and each March 1 thereafter during the Term.
(b) In addition, TDON shall reimburse Manager for third party and out-of-pocket expenses actually and reasonably incurred by Manager in performing the Services; provided that expenses of Affiliates of Manager shall not be deemed third party expenses for purposes of this Section 4.
(a) Each party shall treat as confidential all Confidential Information of the other party that comes to its knowledge through this Agreement. Each party shall take such steps to prevent disclosure of such Confidential Information to any third person as it would take in protecting its own proprietary or confidential information and shall not use any portion of such Confidential Information for any purpose not authorized herein.
(b) No party shall be under any obligations with respect to any
Confidential Information:
(i) which is, at the time of disclosure, available to the
general public;
(ii) which becomes at a later date available to the general
public through no fault on the part of such party and then only
after such later date;
(iii) which such party can demonstrate was in its possession
before receipt from the other party; or
(iv) which is disclosed to such party without restriction on
disclosure by a third party who has the lawful right to disclose
such information.
(c) The confidentiality obligations of this Section 7 shall
survive the termination of this Agreement.
(a) Neither party shall be liable for any loss or damage for delay or non-performance under this Agreement resulting from the operation of any applicable law, rule, ordinance or regulation of any governmental entity or regulatory agency, or from any requirement or intervention of civil, naval or military authorities or other agencies of the government, or by reason of any other causes whatsoever not reasonably within the control of such party, including, but not limited to, acts of God, war, riot, insurrection, civil violence or disobedience, blockages, embargoes, sabotage, epidemics, fire, strikes, lock-outs or other industrial or labor disturbances, lightning, hurricanes, cyclonic storms, explosions and delay of carriers; provided, that the affected party notifies the other party promptly of the occurrence of the cause and thereafter exerts reasonable
commercial efforts to overcome the cause of prevention and hindrance and to resume performance; and provided, further, that the settlement of strikes, lock-outs and other industrial or labor disturbances shall be entirely within the discretion of the affected party, and the affected party shall not be required to make settlement of strikes, lock-outs and other industrial or labor disturbances by acceding to the demands of any opposing third party or parties when such course is unfavorable in the affected party's judgment.
(b) If Manager' performance under this Agreement is suspended
or rendered impractical by reason of any cause covered by subsection
(a) of this Section 9 ("Force Majeure") for a period in excess of
twenty (20) days, TDON shall have the right to terminate this
Agreement with respect to the disrupted Services immediately upon
written notice to Manager. An event of Force Majeure shall not
operate to extend the Term or to limit amounts payable for
Services rendered on or prior to the actual date of the event of
Force Majeure.
(a) Manager will be acquiring the Shares for its own account as principal and not with a view to, or for sale in connection with, any distribution of all or any of such Shares. Manager hereby agrees that it will not, directly or indirectly, assign, transfer, offer, sell, pledge, hypothecate or otherwise dispose of all or any of such Shares (or solicit any offers to buy, purchase or otherwise acquire or take a pledge of any of such Shares) except in accordance with the registration provisions of the Securities Act of 1933 (the "Securities Act") or an exemption from such registration provisions or any applicable securities laws.
(b) Manager (i) is knowledgeable and experienced with respect to the financial, tax and business aspects of the ownership of investments such as the Shares and of the business contemplated by TDON and is capable of evaluating the risks and merits of acquiring the Shares and in making a decision to proceed with this investment, has not relied on any representations, warranties or agreements of TDON or others, and (ii) can bear the economic risk of an investment in Shares for an indefinite period of time and can afford to suffer the complete loss thereof.
(c) Manager has evaluated the risks involved in investing in the Shares and has determined that the Shares are a suitable investment for Manager. Specifically, the aggregate amount of the investments the Manager has in, and Manager's commitments to, all similar investments that are illiquid is reasonable in relation to Manager's net worth, both before and after the acquisition of the Shares pursuant to this Agreement.
(d) Manager understands and acknowledges that the Shares have not been registered under the Securities Act or any state securities laws and are being offered and sold in reliance on exemptions provided in the Securities Act and state securities laws for transactions not involving any public offering and, therefore, cannot be resold or transferred unless they are subsequently registered under the Securities Act and such applicable state securities laws or unless an exemption from such registration is available. Manager also understands that TDON does not have any obligation or intention to register the Shares for sale under the Securities Act or any state securities laws or of supplying the information which may be necessary to enable the Manager to sell Shares and that Manager has no right to require the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act, any state securities laws or other applicable securities regulations.
(e) Manager has no contract, understanding, agreement or arrangement with any person to sell, transfer or pledge to such person or anyone else any of the Shares which the Manager will acquire pursuant to this Agreement and that Manager has no present plans to enter into any such contract, undertaking, agreement or arrangement.
(a) "Affiliate" means, with respect to a Person, another Person who Controls, is Controlled by or is under common Control with the first such Person.
(b) "Confidential Information" means any and all information of
either party that might reasonably be considered confidential,
secret, sensitive, proprietary or private. To the extent
practical, Confidential Information shall be marked "proprietary"
or "confidential." Confidential Information shall include the
following:
(i) data, know-how, formulae, processes, designs, sketches,
photographs, plans, drawings, specifications, samples, reports,
lists, financial information, studies, findings, inventions and
ideas, computer programs and software, or proprietary information
relating to either party or the methods or techniques used by
either party;
(ii) data, documents or proprietary information employed in connection with the marketing and implementation of each party's products, including cost information, business policies and procedures, revenues and markets, distributor and customer lists, and similar items of information; and
(iii) any other data or information obtained by either party
during the term of this Agreement which is not generally known to
and not readily ascertainable by proper means by third persons
who could obtain economic value from its use or disclosure.
(c) "Control" means the ability, through stock ownership,
contract, or otherwise, to control the business or officers of a
Person.
(d) "Damages and Expenses" means costs, liabilities, and expenses incurred in investigating, defending, and paying settlements or judgments with respect to claims (including reasonable attorneys' fees).
(e) "Holiday" means for purposes of this Agreement, a day, other than a Saturday or Sunday, on which national banks with branches in the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania are or may elect to be closed.
(f) "Person" means an individual or entity.
(g) "Shares" means shares of common stock of TDON, par value $0.001 dollars per share acquired by Manager pursuant to this Agreement.
If to: Manager Universal Capital Management, Inc. 2601 Annand Drive Suite 16 Wilmington, DE 19808 Attention: Michael D. Queen |
If to: Third-Order Nanotechnologies, Inc. Fred R. Goetz, Jr. c/o Universal Capital Management 2601 Annand Drive #16 Wilmington, DE 19808 Attention: Ms. Heather Fisher |
with a copy, given in the manner prescribed above, to:
David M. Bovi
David M. Bovi, P.A.
319 Clematis Street, Suite 700
West Palm Beach, FL 33401
In addition, notice by mail shall be sent by a reputable international courier (such as FedEx) if posted outside of the continental United States. Any party may alter the address to which communications or copies are to be sent by giving notice of such change of address in conformity with the provisions of this subparagraph for the giving of notice.
IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the Parties hereto have executed this Management Agreement
THIRD-ORDER NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC. UNIVERSAL CAPITAL MANAGEMENT, INC. BY: /s/ Fred J. Goetz, Jr. BY: /s/Michael D. Queen ------------------------ ------------------------ NAME: Fred J. Goetz, Jr. NAME: Michael D. Queen ---------------------- --------------------- TITLE: President TITLE: President --------------------- --------------------- |
[EXHIBIT 10.6]
PSI-TEC HOLDINGS, INC.
2005 STOCK OPTION PLAN
(a) The purpose of this Plan is to advance the interests of the Company and its stockholders by helping the Company obtain and retain the services of directors, officers, employees, and consultants, upon whose judgment, initiative and efforts the Company is substantially dependent, and to provide those persons with further incentives to advance the interests of the Company.
(b) This Plan will become effective on the date of its adoption by the Board, provided this Plan is approved by the stockholders of the Company (excluding holders of shares of Stock issued by the Company pursuant to the exercise of options granted under this Plan) within twelve (12) months before or after that date. If this Plan is not so approved by the stockholders of the Company, any options granted under this Plan will be rescinded and will be void. This Plan will remain in effect until it is terminated by the Board or the Committee (as defined hereafter) under section 9 hereof, or December 1, 2015, whichever is earlier, except that no ISO (as defined herein) will be granted after the tenth anniversary of the date of this Plan's adoption by the Board. This Plan will be governed by, and construed in accordance with, the laws of the State of Nevada.
(a) "10% Stockholder" means a person who owns, either directly or indirectly by virtue of the ownership attribution provisions set forth in Section 424(d) of the Code at the time he or she is granted an Option, stock possessing more than ten percent (10%) of the total combined voting power or value of all classes of stock of the Company and/or of its subsidiaries;
(b) "1933 Act" means the federal Securities Act of 1933, as amended;
(c) "Board" means the Board of Directors of the Company;
(d) "Called for under an Option", or words to similar effect, means issuable pursuant to the exercise of an Option;
(e) "Code" means the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended (references herein to Sections of the Code are intended to refer to Sections of the Code as enacted at the time of this Plan's adoption by the Board and as subsequently amended, or to any substantially similar successor provisions of the Code resulting from recodification, renumbering or otherwise);
(f) "Committee" means a committee of two or more directors, appointed by the Board, to administer and interpret this Plan; provided that the term "Committee" will refer to the Board during such times as no Committee is appointed by the Board.
(g) "Company" means PSI-TEC Holdings, Inc., a Nevada corporation;
(h) "Disability" has the same meaning as "permanent and total disability", as defined in Section 22(e)(3) of the Code;
(i) "Eligible Participants" means persons who, at a particular time, are directors, officers, employees, sales representatives and consultants of the Company or its subsidiaries;
(j) "Fair Market Value" means, with respect to the Stock and as of the date an ISO is granted hereunder, the market price per share of such Stock determined by the Committee, consistent with the requirements of Section 422 of the Code and to the extent consistent therewith, as follows:
(i) If the Stock was traded on a stock exchange on the date in question, when the Fair Market Value will be equal to the closing price reported by the applicable composite-transactions report for such date;
(ii) If the Stock was traded over-the-counter on the date in question and was classified as a national market issue, then the Fair Market Value will be equal to the last-transaction price quoted by the NASDAQ system for such date;
(iii) If the Stock was traded over-the-counter on the date in question but was not classified as a national market issue, then the Fair Market Value will be equal to the average of the last reported representative bid and asked prices quoted by the NASDAQ system for such date; and
(iv) If none of the foregoing provisions is applicable, then the Fair Market Value will be determined by the Committee in good faith on such basis as it deems appropriate.
(k) Intentionally Left Blank.
(l) "ISO" has the same meaning as "incentive stock option," as defined in Section 422 of the Code;
(m) "Involuntary Transfer" means a Transfer that occurs pursuant to any of the following: an assignment of Option Stock for the benefit of creditors of the Optionee; a Transfer by operation of law, including, without limitation, a Transfer by will or under the laws of descent and distribution; an execution of judgment against the Option Stock or the acquisition of record or beneficial ownership of Option Stock by a lender or creditor; a Transfer pursuant to any decree of divorce, dissolution or separate maintenance, any property settlement, any separation agreement or any other
agreement with a spouse (except for estate planning purposes) under which a part or all of any Option Stock are Transferred or awarded to the spouse of the Optionee or are required to be sold; or a Transfer resulting from the filing by the Optionee of a petition for relief, or the filing of an involuntary petition against the Optionee, under the bankruptcy laws of the United States or of any other nation;
(n) "Just Cause Termination" means a termination by the Company of an Optionee's employment by and/or service to the Company (or if the Optionee is a director, removal of the Optionee from the Board by action of the stockholders or, if permitted by applicable law and the by-laws of the Company, the other directors), in connection with the good faith determination of the Company's board of directors (or of the Company's stockholders if the Optionee is a director and the removal of the Options from the Board is by action of the stockholders, but in either case excluding the vote of the Optionee if he or she is a director or a stockholder) that the Optionee has engaged in any acts involving dishonesty or moral turpitude or in any acts that materially and adversely affect the business, affairs or reputation of the Company or its subsidiaries;
(o) "NSO" means any option granted under this Plan whether designated by the Committee as a "non-qualified stock option," a "non-statutory stock option" or otherwise, other than an option designated by the Committee as an ISO, or any option so designated but which, for any reason, fails to qualify as an ISO pursuant to Section 422 of the Code and the rules and regulations thereunder;
(p) "Option" means an option granted pursuant to this Plan entitling the option holder to acquire shares of Stock issued by the Company pursuant to the valid exercise of the option;
(q) "Option Agreement" means an agreement between the Company and an Optionee, in form and substance satisfactory to the Committee in its sole discretion, consistent with this Plan;
(r) "Option Price" with respect to any particular Option means the exercise price at which the Optionee may acquire each share of the Option Stock called for under such Option;
(s) "Option Stock" means Stock issued or issuable by the Company pursuant to the valid exercise of an Option;
(t) "Optionee" means an Eligible Participant to whom Options are granted hereunder, and any transferee thereof pursuant to a Transfer authorized under this Plan;
(u) "Plan" means this 2005 Stock Option Plan of the Company;
(v) "QDRO" has the same meaning as "qualified domestic relations order" as defined in Section 414(p) of the Code;
(w) "Stock" means shares of the Company's Common Stock, $0.001 par value;
(x) "Subsidiary" has the same meaning as "Subsidiary Corporation" as defined in Section 424(f) of the Code;
(y) "Transfer", with respect to Option Stock, includes, without limitation, a voluntary or involuntary sale, assignment, transfer, conveyance, pledge, hypothecation, encumbrance, disposal, loan, gift, attachment or levy of such Option Stock; and
(z) "Voluntary Transfer" means any Transfer other than an Involuntary Transfer.
(a) Committee. The Committee, if appointed by the Board, will administer this Plan. If the Board, in its discretion, does not appoint such a Committee, the Board itself will administer this Plan and take such other actions as the Committee is authorized to take hereunder; provided that the Board may take such actions hereunder in the same manner as the Board may take other actions under the Company's articles of incorporation and by-laws generally.
(b) Authority and Discretion of Committee. The Committee will have full and final authority in its discretion, at any time and from time to time, subject only to the express terms, conditions and other provisions of the Company's articles of incorporation, by-laws and this Plan, and the specific limitations on such discretion set forth herein:
(i) to select and approve the persons who will be granted Options under this Plan from among the Eligible Participants, and to grant to any person so selected one or more Options to purchase such number of shares of Option Stock as the Committee may determine;
(ii) to determine the period or periods of time during which Options may be exercised, the Option Price and the duration of such Options, and other matters to be determined by the Committee in connection with specific Option grants and Option Agreements as specified under this Plan;
(iii) to interpret this Plan, to prescribe, amend and rescind rules and regulations relating to this Plan, and to make all other determinations necessary or advisable for the operation and administration of this Plan; and
(iv) to delegate all or a portion of its authority under subsections (i) and (ii) of this section 4(b) to one or more directors of the Company who are officers of the Company, but only in connection with Options granted to Eligible Participants who are not officers or directors of the Company, and subject to such restrictions and
limitations (such as the aggregate number of shares of Option Stock called for by such Options that may be granted) as the Committee may decide to impose on such delegate directors.
(c) Limitation on Authority. Notwithstanding the foregoing, or any other provision of this Plan, the Committee will have no authority to grant Options to any of its members, unless approved by the Board.
(d) Designation of Options. Except as otherwise provided herein, the Committee will designate any Option granted hereunder either as an ISO or as an NSO. To the extent that the Fair Market Value (determined at the time the Option is granted) of Stock with respect to which all ISOs are exercisable for the first time by any individual during any calendar year (pursuant to this Plan and all other plans of the Company and/or its subsidiaries) exceeds $100,000, such option will be treated as an NSO. Notwithstanding the general eligibility provisions of section 3 hereof, the Committee may grant ISOs only to persons who are employees of the Company and/or its subsidiaries.
(e) Option Agreements. Options will be deemed granted hereunder only upon the execution and delivery of an Option Agreement by the Optionee and a duly authorized officer of the Company. Options will not be deemed granted hereunder merely upon the authorization of such grant by the Committee.
(a) Option Pool. The aggregate number of shares of Option Stock that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of Options granted under this Plan will not exceed One Million (1,000,000) (the "Option Pool"), provided that such number will be increased by the number of shares of Option Stock that the Company subsequently may reacquire through repurchase or otherwise. Shares of Option Stock that would have been issuable pursuant to Options, but that are no longer issuable because all or part of those Options have terminated or expired, will be deemed not to have been issued for purposes of computing the number of shares of Option Stock remaining in the Option Pool and available for issuance.
(b) Adjustments Upon Changes in Stock. In the event of any change in the outstanding Stock of the Company as a result of a stock split, reverse stock split, stock dividend, recapitalization, combination or reclassification, appropriate proportionate adjustments will be made in:
(i) the aggregate number of shares of Option Stock in the Option Pool that may be issued pursuant to the exercise of Options granted hereunder;
(ii) the Option Price and the number of shares of Option Stock called for in each outstanding Option granted hereunder; and
(iii) other rights and matters determined on a per share basis under this Plan of any Option Agreement hereunder.
Any such adjustments will be made only by the Board, and when so made will be effective, conclusive and binding for all purposes with respect to this Plan and all Options then outstanding. No such adjustments will be required by reason of the issuance or sale by the Company for cash or other consideration of additional shares of its Stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable for shares of its Stock.
(a) Covenants of Optionee. At the discretion of the Committee, the person to whom an Option is granted hereunder, as a condition to the granting of the Option, must execute and deliver to the Company a confidential information agreement approved by the Committee. Nothing contained in this Plan, any Option Agreement or in any other agreement executed in connection with the granting of an Option under this Plan will confer upon any Optionee any right with respect to the continuation of his or her status as an employee of, consultant or independent contractor to, or director of, the Company or its subsidiaries.
(b) Vesting Periods. Except as otherwise provided herein, each Option Agreement may specify the period or periods of time within which each Option or portion thereof will first become exercisable (the "Vesting Period") with respect to the total number of shares of Option Stock called for thereunder (the "Total Award Option Stock"). Such Vesting Periods will be fixed by the Committee in its discretion, and may be accelerated or shortened by the Committee in its discretion.
(c) Exercise of the Option.
(i) Mechanics and Notice. An Option may be exercised to the extent exercisable (1) by giving written notice of exercise to the Company, specifying the number of full shares of Option Stock to be purchased and accompanied by full payment of the Option Price thereof and the amount of withholding taxes pursuant to subsection 6(c)(ii) below; and (2) by giving assurances satisfactory to the Company that the shares of Option Stock to be purchased upon such exercise are being purchased for investment and not with a view to resale in connection with any distribution of such shares in violation of the 1933 Act; provided, however, that in the event the Option Stock called for under the Option is registered under the 1933 Act, or in the event resale of such Option Stock without such registration would otherwise be permissible, this second condition will be inoperative if, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, such condition is not required under the 1933 Act, or any other applicable law, regulation or rule of any governmental agency.
(ii) Withholding Taxes. As a condition to the issuance of the shares of Option Stock upon full or partial exercise of an NSO granted under this Plan, the Optionee will pay to the Company in cash, or in such other form as the Committee may determine in its discretion, the amount of the Company's tax withholding liability required in connection with such exercise. For purposes of this subsection 6(c)(ii), "tax withholding liability" will mean all federal and state income taxes, social security tax, and any other taxes applicable to the compensation income arising from the transaction required by applicable law to be withheld by the Company.
(d) Payment of Option Price. Each Option Agreement will specify the Option Price with respect to the exercise of Option Stock thereunder, to be fixed by the Committee in its discretion, but in no event will the Option Price for an ISO granted hereunder be less than the Fair Market Value (or, in case the Optionee is a 10% Stockholder, one hundred ten percent (110%) of such Fair Market Value) of the Option Stock at the time such ISO is granted. The Option Price will be payable to the Company in United States dollars in cash or by check or, such other legal consideration as may be approved by the Committee, in its discretion.
(e) Termination of the Option. Except as otherwise provided herein, each Option Agreement will specify the period of time, to be fixed by the Committee in its discretion, during which the Option granted therein will be exercisable, not to exceed ten (10) years from the date of grant in the case of an ISO (the "Option Period"); provided that the Option Period will not exceed five (5) years from the date of grant in the case of an ISO granted to a 10% Stockholder. To the extent not previously exercised, each Option will terminate upon the expiration of the Option Period specified in the Option Agreement; provided, however, that each such Option will terminate, if earlier: (i) ninety (90) days after the date that the Optionee ceases to be an Eligible Participant for any reason, other than by reason of death or disability or a Just Cause Termination; (ii) twelve (12) months after the date that theOptionee ceases to be an Eligible Participant by reason of such person's death or disability; or (iii) immediately as of the date that the Optionee ceases to be an Eligible Participant by reason of a Just Cause Termination. In the event of a merger or consolidation or other reorganization (a "Corporate Transaction") in which the Company is not the surviving corporation, or in which the Company becomes a subsidiary of another corporation, then notwithstanding anything else herein, the right to exercise all then outstanding Options will vest immediately prior to such Corporate Transaction and will terminate immediately after such Corporate Transaction; provided, however, that if the Board, in its sole discretion, determines that such immediate vesting of the right to exercise outstanding Options is not in the best interests of the Company, then the successor corporation must agree to assume the outstanding Options or substitute therefor comparable options of such successor corporation or a parent or subsidiary of such successor corporation.
(f) Options Nontransferable. No Option will be transferable by the Optionee otherwise than by will or the laws of descent and distribution, or in the case of an NSO, pursuant to a be exercisable only by him or her, or the transferee of an NSO if it was transferred pursuant to a QDRO.
(g) Qualification of Stock. The right to exercise an Option will be further subject to the requirement that if at any time the Board determines, in its discretion, that the listing, registration or qualification of the shares of Option Stock called for thereunder upon any securities exchange or under any state or federal law, or the consent or approval of any governmental regulatory authority, is necessary or desirable as a condition of or in connection with the granting of such Option or the purchase of shares of Option Stock thereunder, the Option may not be exercised, in whole or in part, unless and until such listing, registration, qualification, consent or approval is effected or obtained free of any conditions not acceptable to the Board, in its discretion.
(h) Restrictions on Transfer of Option Stock.
(i) General Rules on Permissible Transfer of Option Stock. Option Stock may be Transferred only after compliance with the specific limitations on the Transfer of Option Stock set forth below with respect to restrictions upon Transfer imposed by applicable state federal securities laws, and certain undertakings of the transferee (subsection 6(h)(iii)). All Transfers of Option Stock not meeting the conditions set forth in this subsection 6(h) are expressly prohibited.
(ii) Effect of Prohibited Transfer. Any prohibited Transfer, whether Voluntary or Involuntary, is void and of no effect. Should such a Transfer purport to occur, the Company may refuse to carry out the Transfer on its books, attempt to set aside the Transfer, enforce any undertaking or right under this subsection 6(h), or exercise any other legal or equitable remedy.
(iii) Required Undertaking. Any Transfer that would otherwise be permitted under the terms of this Plan is prohibited unless the transferee executes such documents as the Company may reasonably require to ensure that the Company's rights under an Option Agreement and this Plan are adequately protected with respect to the Option Stock so Transferred. Such agreements may include, without limitation, the transferee's agreement to be bound by all of the terms of this Plan, and of the applicable Option Agreement, as if he or she were the original Optionee.
(iv) Intentionally Left Blank.
(v) Intentionally Left Blank.
(vi) Intentionally Left Blank.
(vii) Intentionally Left Blank.
(i) Additional Restrictions on Transfer. By accepting Options and/or Option Stock under this Plan, the Optionee will be deemed to represent, warrant and agree as follows:
(i) Securities Act of 1933. The Optionee understands that the shares of Option Stock have not been registered under the 1933 Act, and that such shares are
not freely tradeable and must be held indefinitely unless such shares are either registered under the 1933 Act or an exemption from such registration is available. The Optionee understands that the Company is under no obligation to register the shares of Option Stock.
(ii) Other Applicable Laws. The Optionee further understands that Transfer of the Option Stock requires full compliance with the provisions of all applicable laws.
(iii) Investment Intent. (1) Upon exercise of any
Option, the Optionee will purchase the Option Stock for
his or her own account and not with a view to
distribution within the meaning of the 1933 Act, other
than as may be effected in compliance with the 1933 Act
and the rules and regulations promulgated thereunder;
(2) no one else will have any beneficial interest in
the Option Stock; and (3) he or she has no present
intention of disposing of the Option Stock at any
particular time.
(j) Compliance with Law. Notwithstanding any other provision of this Plan, Options may be granted pursuant to this Plan, the Option Stock may be issued pursuant to the exercise thereof by an Optionee, only after there has been compliance with all applicable federal and state securities laws, and all of the same will be subject to this overriding condition. The Company will not be required to register or qualify Option Stock with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any State agency, except that the Company will register with, or as required by local law, file for and secure an exemption from such registration requirements from, the applicable securities administrator and other officials of each jurisdiction in which an Eligible Participant would be granted an Option hereunder prior to such grant.
(k) Stock Certificates. Certificates representing the Option Stock issued pursuant to the exercise of Options will bear all legends required by law and necessary to effectuate this Plan's provisions. The Company may place a "stop transfer" order against shares of the Option Stock until all restrictions and conditions set forth in this Plan and in the legends referred to in this section 6(k) have been complied with.
(l) Market Standoff. To the extent requested by the Company and any underwriter of securities of the Company in connection with a firm commitment underwriting, no Holder of any shares of Restricted Stock will sell or otherwise Transfer any such shares not included in such underwriting, or not previously registered pursuant to a registration statement filed under the 1933 Act, during the one hundred twenty (120) day period following the effective date of the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with such offering.
(m) Notices. Any notice to be given to the Company under the
terms of an Option Agreement will be addressed to the
Company at its principal executive office, Attention:
Corporate Secretary, or at such other address as the Company
may designate in writing. any notie to be given to an
Optionee will be addressed to the Optionee at the address
provided to the Company by the Optionee. Any such notice
will be deemed to have been duly given if and when enclosed
in a properly sealed envelope, addressed as aforesaid,
registered and deposited, postage and registry fee prepaid, in a post office or branch post office regularly maintained by the United States Government.
(n) Other Provisions. The Option Agreement may contain such other terms, provisions and conditions, including restrictions on the Transfer of Option Stock issued upon exercise of any Options granted hereunder, not inconsistent with this Plan, as may be determined by the Committee in its sole discretion.
Date Plan Approved by Board of Directors: December 20, 2005. Date Plan Approved by Stockholders: December 20, 2005.